EsVgrkkarBit. mcämnðléksarkm<úca. TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika. elx34 Extula qñam2002

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2 TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika smburt³ kmnt;ehtuggákareli >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 EsVgrkkarBit EpñkÉksar GñkTukÉksarenAs-21 køaycagñketas >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2 dmenirqøgkat;tmbn;ex~rrkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5 kargb;rmksagkunecarbs;bdivtþex~rrkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9 bba IeQ~aHCnrgeRKaHbreTs >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15 vnñ³sgámenakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16 bba IeQ~aHCnrgeRKaHEdl)ankemÞcenAmnÞIrs-21 >>>>>>>>>20 EpñkRbvtþisa sþnigkarrsavrcav mundmbugex~rrkhmsmøab;):arbs; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>21 nariebtübdivtþrsukrtamkk; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29 karcab;nigsmøab;gñketascaexssgvak;enamnþirs-21>>>>>>34 Epñkc,ab; krniykic kñúgkarecatrbkan;gmebirmelapsit imnuss >>>>>>>>>>>37 KMrUGnþrCatisRmab;dak;[buKÁlrMelaPsiT imnuss >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>39 evtikabipaksasafarn³ btsmöasn_camyysemþcrbhsukn afibti byr RKI >>>>>>>>>>>>>>45 kasrkyutþifm én]rkidækm~ex~rrkhmminbi)aket >>>>>>>>>>>>50 sunþrkfarbs;ék]tþm sux Gan >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>56 TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar u RBat;bgb ÚnémÖR)aMbIqñaMehIy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>59 rksasit i mcämnðléksarkm<úca GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayeday RksYgBt manénracrdæapi)alkm<úca RbkaseTsrdæm nþi nigrdæm nþirksygbt man elx 0291Bm/99 cuhéf TI2 ExsIha qñam1999 rubftéksar³ mcämnðléksarkm<úca nigsarmniþr]rkidækmµrbl½ybucsasn_tylesøg esµrelxenh³ yin nan/ elog Guwg/ EGm suxxim/ h uy vnñ³/ eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak;/ erbd Gadam/ sux Gan/ )am supa GñkniBn nigrsavrcav³ lisupl/ CYgsuPariT C nyykarnibn nayk³ san; klüan nibn naykrgti1³ sybu nsu nibn naykrgti2³ swm suriy:a GñkbkERb³ egg kukfay nibn nayktueta³ qamg yu RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r³ suwm sup½ kþ RKb;RKgkarEckpSay³ sux vnñ³

3 EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt smburt³ kmnt;ehtuggákareli egog sari )anefvi[safarncndwgfaxøünkmbug CaKMnitpþÜcepþImrbs;Kat;eT KWKat;eFVIeTAtambgÁab;bBa a sresrkmnt;ehtucivitenakñ úgrbbkm< úcarbcafibetyü rbs;bks nigedaymankarcyybibkspg EdlKat; Tak;TgnwgGV IEdlxø ÜnKitfaCakarBitsRmab;Rbvti þsa sþ EtgEtmancitþesµaHRtg; sucrit nigpkþicmebahbks km<úca. egog sari )an[dwgetotfa elxarbs;xøün Canic. >>>bkscagñkcg úlbgðajkat;bimak afm². KWCaGñksresrkMNt;ehtuenH. Kat;)anBRgIknigpSBVpSaymaK atamgenhkñúgkaest enhkwminxusbi exov smpn bu:nµanet. fµi²enh rbs;kat;nigkñúgrdæspa ehiy)anefvi[etadl;hvúg GtItkm~aPi)alCan;x<s;énrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü mhacnetot. TnÞwmnwgenaH bks)andkrsg;smþitamg mñak; )anbba b;karsresrkmnt;ehturbs; exov smpn. enahmke)ahbum<kñúgesovepaepsg² nigpsbvpsaykñúg kmnt;ehtuenhrtúv)ansresreligcapasa)aramg cmenamhvúgmhacn nuvtssn³rbs;kat; EdltamGñk EdlmancMNgeCIgfa «Khieu Samphan: Agrandi et TaMgenaHyl; Kat;KWCatMNagGgÁkarCan;x<s;rbs; réel.. erkaybibba b;smenrenhpøam exov smpn )an Cati. KWehtudUecñHehIy )ancaefvi[eksáal;clna BüayamrkkarKaMRTBIsMNak;RbvtiþviTUCatinigGnþrCati mak adwknamtamggs;rbs;bksrcütrcabetadl;rbcacn edim,ie)ahbum<psay. RbvtiþviTUmYyRkúmmkBIGWru:bnig TUTaMgRbeTs ehiykøayetacacak;esþgedaykarefvi shrdægaemrik )anvaytémøfa kmnt;ehturbs; exov skmµpabepsg². smpn enhkwcakarexasnarbs;exµrrkhmbit². egog sari nig exov smpn kmbugerbir)as;kar karcgcamxøh²enakñúgkmnt;ehturbs; exov smpn kt;rtakarcgcamedaycermisenhedim,ibnþkmejijdl; rymman karesvgrkyutþifm CUndl;CnrgeRKaHrab;lannak;Edl «enaqñam1965 bnþab;bimanrbwtþikarn_enarbets søab;enaerkamkarrkb;rkgdwknamrbs;xø Ün. mktl;nwg \NÐ ÚensI u karkm at;rbfanafibti su kanu hu nwm eblenh mintan;mannrnamñak;regilnwgkmnt;ehtu )anttylkarbgáab;bba abi exov smpn edim,ibba úh rebobenhet. RbCaCnkm<úCaTUTaMgRbeTsEdly:ag bba Úl elak swn san nigtamry³kat; bba úhbba Úl ehacnas;k¾mansmacikmñak;)anttylrgtarunkmµb semþc sihnu fa erkahfñak;kwecjmkbirkúmniymsþam yketasmøab;ecalenah sáal;c,as;nas;birbbval «ducena\nðúensiug Icwg. BiXatenH. kmnt;ehturbs; egog sari nig exov karcgcammyyyetotrbs; exov smpn KW nyn Ca smpn minxusbikmnt;ehturbs;ggákarelienakñúgrbb )anniyayfa Ex~rRkhmenaHeLIy. «BitehIy GV I²TaMgGs;Edl exov smpn efv I BM uemn qamg yu mcämnðléksarkm<úca 1

4 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar GñkTukÉksarenAs-21køayCaGñkeTas Buy étni CaGtIt RKÚbeRgónmñak;enAkñúg sgámra sþniym. kñúg rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü étni )anmkbermikarena kñúgmniþrs-21 kñúgtynati CaGñkTukÉksar. RKan;Et Buy étni eha enon myyry³eblxøib:uenñah étni )ankøayxøünetacagñketasrbs;mniþrs-21vij. étni RtÚvRbFanKuk Duc cab;xø Ün ehiyrkúmgñkefi VkarCamYy enakñ úgmni Þr-21 syrcemi øybibtcab;bak;b½n nwg es>gi u>ga. «étni RtÚv)ansYrcemIøycMnYnbIelIkmuneBlykeTAsmøab;. Rbvti þrub Buy étni eha enon CnCatiExµr RsukkMeNItenA ercaytaekv RsukekaHFM extþknþal. «BukeQµaH Buy gyncw mþayeq~ah ehg jan. RbBn eqµah egg etaywg eha eta. étni mankunrbús4nak; nigkunrsimñak;. kunti1 eqµah Buy rméb kunti2 Buy rmbwg kunti3 Buy rmebon kunti4 Buy rmbg; nigkunrsiebaeqµah Buy rmbun. étni RtÚv)an Xat;xøÜnenAéf TI23 ExkumÖ³ qñam1977. Rbvti þkargarnigskm~pab étni )anttylkargb;rmenagnuvitüal½yekahfm Rsuk 18 tmbn;25 nig)anttylsbaøab½rt)ak;dubenaqñam1965 enavitüal½ypñmdunebj. enaqñam étni mksiksaenamhavitüal½y KruekaslüPñMeBj. enakñúggmlúgeblsiksa étni )an rab;gannigttyl\ti Blneya)ayxøH²BI G ul cnþ eha cun. erkaybibba b;karsiksaenamhavitüal½ykruekaslü 2 étni )anetabergónenagnuvitüal½ycmbk; Rsuk)aTI extþ taekv. étni bergónbeniþr exasnabineya)aydl; sissbeniþr. qñam1968 étni )anmkpñmebjedim,ibnþkarsiksaena salakruvic acan;x<s;énmhavitüal½ygksrsa sþ eday sñak;enapþh«bukmaeq~ah em:grki. étni )anttylkar Rslaj;rab;GanBI RKÚy:a EdlCamitþcas;rbs;«BukxøÜn nigcarkúbergónkm<irsasnaenataexµa. CaerOy² RKÚy:a nam étni culrymkñúgbifisgámcamyygñkkan;sasnarkisþ sba atigaemrikamg. enaqñamdedlenh étni )anerobkar CamYynarImñak;eQµaH egg etaywg qñam1974 CayuT nari damsøenaeragcrkgkáisniti2. edaykarsiksammajwkebk étni BMusUvmaneBl evlacybelakrkúy:aet. eblbba b;karsiksaenasala KruviC acan;x<s; étni RtÚv)antRmÚv[eTAbeRmIkargarenA vitüal½yrbhggádygkñúgextþérbevg. enaextþérbevg étni )ansáal;elakrkúmñak;eqµah hak; s unlay eha pus Casa sþacarüedlmanninñakarneya)aycerminniym ehiyculcitþganesovepanigtssnavdiþcinrbcamanit. erkaymk karrab;ganrbs;gñktamgbirrtúv)ankat;pþac;. erkayrdærbhar)an3ex étni/ hak; s unlay nigrkúy:a k¾)ancybkñavij. RKÚy:a )anennam étni CYbnwg siþgaemrikamgmñak;enasalakmi<rtaexµa edim,isþabsþg;mti étni. enaexkbaøa qñam1970 étni sermccitþculcasmacik es>giu>ga tamkarbba úhbba Úlrbs; RKÚy:a. étni )an TTYlR)ak;Ex1500erolkñúgmYyExBI siþgaemrikamg mñak;enah edayttylparkic ediresiubrkbt mannigrkexs bnþajexµreyokkugenapñmebj. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

5 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar BImYyExeTAmYyEx étni )ancmnayeblevlaerkabi em:agbergón ykrbs;rbrxøh²etalk;enatmbn;rmedahtam pøúvcatielx1 elx3 nigelx4 edim,iesuibrkbt man. kñúgkargarenh étni )antak;tggñkrdækarmñak;eqµah RBM sg a eha Cwm efivkarenarksygexasnakar. étni dwknamkmøamgcmnyn6nak;efivskmµpabrhutdl; qñam1973. edaysarkijtamrkcab;ebk étni k¾epos xøünetaticnbtry³ebl2ex. duecñh étni RtÚvRbKl;kmøaMg EdlxøÜn)anRKb;RKgmYyEpñkeTA[ mitþhg; nigmyyepñk etoteta[rkúy:a. enaécnbt étni )anlt;dmxøünbmebjkargarblkmµ epsg²tamggákarcat;tamg edim,i[ggákarbba ÚnxøÜnmk PñMeBjvij. 2ExeRkaymk TIRkúgnigCnbTRtÚvdac;TMnak; TMng étni k¾rtúvxkxankñúgkarrtlb;mkpñmebj. enaex mifuna qñam1974 GgÁkark¾)anbBa ÚnRKÜsarrbs; étni mkcnbt. étni )anerobrab;gmbicivpabenaécnbtfa karrs;enarbs;xøünmankarlm)aknas; xøünkat;rtúvsißtena kñúgkmnabbir mçagcaes>giu>ga nigmçagetotcabdivtþn_. étni lak;xøünenakñúges>giu>gapgnigbdivtþpg b:uenþkargarsmxan; srmab; étni KWraraMgdMeNIrkarvaycUlTIRkúgrbs;GgÁkar bdivtþn_. ral;skmµpabedl étni )anefi V KWsuT Et)anray karn_[ RKÚy:a dwgtamggs;. enaéf TI 7-8 Exemsa RKÚy:a )anr)ab; étni [dwgfa BYkGaemrikaMgnwgRtÚvRtLb;eTA RbeTsvijRbsinebIxagln;Nulcaj; b:uenþkic kares>giu>ga enaetbnþefivrhutdl;kasmyyhuc[ BYkGaemrikaMgnwg RtLb;mkvij. bnþab;birbetskm<úcartúvrmedah TMnak;TMngrvag RKÚy:a nig étni RtÚv)ankat;pþac; edayehtufa RKÚy:a RtÚvGgÁkar Cemøósecj[eTArs;enAkEnøgepSg. eblenah étni man bmngcg;pøas;bþúrcivpabrs;enarbs;xøün Qb;Bak;B½n nwgerog es>giu>ga ehiygakmkbermikargar[bdivtþn_ efivca smacikshkrn_enatamcnbtvij. b:uenþenaexviciäka qñam1975 étni )anbenþayxøün[ suk GUsTaj)an mþgetot. karedl suk culefivcaes>giu>gakwedaysarxwg min)aneligbunüs½kiþducek. R)aMéf erkaymk étni RtÚv )an suk namefivbifisc arbnifanculca es>giu>ga. lkçxnðénkarculcaes>giu>ga KW TI1 esµahrtg;nwgggákar es>giu>gacanic TI2 ekarbtambtbba aggákares>giu>ga RKb;kal³eTs³ nig TI3 lak;karn_dac;xatgmbiggákar es>giu>ga etahrkalm)aky:agnak¾eday. enaebldwgfa étni RtÚvpøas;eTAeFI VkarenAmnI Þrs-21 suk )an[ étni etashkarcamyyexsrbs;xøüneqµah rin EdlkMBugeFIVkarenAmnIÞrs-21Edr ehiyefmtamgr)ab; étni [xitxmrbmulrbcacnmhacn[)anercinedim,irbkyt RbECgyktMENgtaMgBIfñak;eRkamrhUtdl;elI. enaexmina qñam1976 étni/ rin nig Esg )an cab;epiþmbipaksakargaredlrtúvefiv. dmbugrihkn;\ti Bl rbs; Duc elicmnucgtþenam½tikñúgeblbmebjkargar ducca mkywty:av erbir)as;baküminsmrmü. Duc minedl[ étni/ rin nig Esg dwgbikic karépþkñ úgercinet cametdak;bba a [efivb:uenñah. ehtuenhehiy)anca étni/ rin nig Esg RbCMuKñaelIkeLIgBIbBaðaksag Duc KW smu[ Duc man RbCaFibetyü[xøÜn)andwgkic karcamunpg edim,iqan etasermcparkic. Esg )anr)ab; étni fa munebl Duc mkrkb;rkgmni ÞrsYrcemI øy Duc KWCaExSrbs; suk enatmbn; 25. Duc sißtenaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs; rin b:uenþerkay ebl Duc )anmkrkb;rkgmniþrsyrcemiøy Duc k¾køaycagñk dwknam rin vijmþg. cmenk h CaExSrbs;evotNam. Ex]sPa qñam1976 étni/ rin nig Esg )anggáúy CECkKñaenAmuxpÞHsYrcemIøy xagekitkuk. rin )anniyay fa Duc nwg[ étni etaefivkarcamyy. dl;eblenah étni «nwgrtúvpþac;ecjbimhacn mingacefivskmµpabgiveliy. erkayeblsþab;ehiy Esg nig étni )anrihrkvifi[ rin )andwknamrkúmbiesafn_rkúmsrubéksar. kñúgeblrbcmu mcämnðléksarkm<úca 3

6 CIvPaBsaxa GñkTaMgbI)an elikykbbaðatamggs;enh sm u[ rin )andwknamkarsyrcemiøy edim,ikþab;cemiøygñketas CaExSsgVak; nigeklm karsyrgñketas b: uenþkartamtarenh RtÚvbraC½y. rin nig Esg RtÚvGgÁkardkecjBImnIÞr s-21. muneblcakecj rin )anepþpþam étni [efivtam EpnkaredayRbúgRby½tñ kmu[eføaymat; ERkgmanerOg. rin k¾)at;xø ÜntaMgBIeBlenaHmk. ExFñÚ qñam1976 suk )ancat;tamg étni/ vut/ evog nig Est efviskmµpabtamepnkarcayut sa sþyurgegvg. EpnkarsMxan;²KW «RbECgyktMENgnaTIdwknaM kþab;mniþr RksYgb GgÁPaBEdl)aneTAeFI Vkar tamyut vifies óms at;. yut vifiman5y:agkw 1 RbyuT bmebjparkic CaKMrUdl; mhacn 2 samkiápabcamyyfñak;dwknamcas;[)ancarubpab EtmuxTMnas;enAdEdl sm at; 3 efi VkargarmhaCn[)an l edim,irbmulrbcacn[kan;etkuhkrenacmuvijeyig efiv[ man\ti BlRKbdNþb;eTAelIRbCaCn 4 bmpusrbcacn [KaMRT\Ti BleyIg vaybnþabfñak;dwknamcas; nig 5 BRgIk kmøamges>giu>gaedaykµanbgçm edim,iecosvagb:hbal;eli smaspabminl bnþal[ebkkarn_. erkaymk étni )anraykarn_gmbispabkarn_ R)ab; suk fa BYkes>GI u>ga EdlmkBIRbeTsGaemrik )aramg «kanada CnCatiExµr KµannrNamñak;rYcxøÜneT mkdl;cab; Kµansl; GgÁkarvayecalexÞc. BYkenHmaneKalbMNgFM «Nas; EpnkarxøHvaykm<úCaBIqñaM BI qñam ehiybykxøhcasm< ½n es>ga>tu mancin étv:an; kuer:xagt,úg éf h ÍlIBIn V CaGñkCYy. erkabienhman GnþraKmn_ynþehaHeb-52 eghvsg;esg hvg;tum rferkah kamepøigfm manmuxsbaøavayékpabkña tamrckbir tamecig ekaknigtamqksmurtkmbg;esam. cmenkenatirkúg GgÁkar kmbugvaykemþcbykes>giu>ga sem,imnas; ducca can; crki embba akarkgbl170 QYn liepn CaedIm. enaeblfiµ² enhetot GgÁkar)anvay Ehm saepon fñak;vresnafm EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar kgbl170 mindwgfaeqµahenh)aneqiøydak;gñknaxøh. manet Duc nigmitþmñak;etotefivkarcamyy Duc etibgacdwgbi cemiøyenh. enakñúgcemiøyelikti3 enon )ansarpabfa Kat;RtÚv )an suk ENnaM[ecHBIrebobeRbIR)as;Bakünigelxsm at; srmab;tmnak;tmngcam)ac;kñúgkarrknirsabimñak;etamñak;edl minsáal;c,as; efivsbaøacaerskpøat;mat;. edayelik ]TahrN_fa «GgÁkarkMNt;[eFIVERs[)anpl3etanmYy hikta RtÚvPøat;mat;fa bietanmyyhikta cmnynbirdg ebi «mangñkenaek,renaherskbnþrduckña ehiysmø wgmuxgñkersk enah KWKñarbs;eyIgehIy. cmebahkarerbir)as;elxvij KWykBüBa n³mktermób BIGkSrkdl;G. k elx1/ «x «elx2/ K elx3 tamlmdab;gksrrhuteta. ]TahrN_ «eqµah étni eha enon n elx20 ehiy n myyetot elx 20 ducenhdl;eblsresr20-20 dl;eblerb dwgfacaeqµah enon. edayelkkñúgkrnimankarlm)ak b T½lRck KWeRbIsBaØarUbKubePøIgenAkñúg)atéd. KubePIøg enahducrubsmnakesripabgaemrikamgedr. karrs;enanig kic karrbcaméf enamni Þrs-21 )anefi V[ étni exijc,as;fa Rkúmes>GIu>GaminGaceKcputBIkarkemÞcrbs;GgÁkareLIy. duecñh étni k¾xitxmekerbtssn³rbs;xøünmyykrmit etot. b:uenþywtebletaehiy BIeRBaHFatucas;Edl Føab;RbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_min)anrlub)at; KWvaBYnsmM ehiy EsþgecjCa)atuPaBxusqÁgCabnþbnÞab;. éf TI23 ExkumÖ³ qñam1977 Buy étni eha enon RtÚvGgÁkarcab;xøÜn ehiyyketasmøab;ecal. li supl elikkm<s;s~artirbúgrby½tñbdivtþx<s;canic edim,ivaykm at; RKb;])ayklx~aMg karbarrbets karbarbdivtþn_ karbarrbcacn karbarbks dac;xat. Tg;bdivtþ qñam mcämnðléksarkm<úca

7 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar dmenirqøgkat;tmbn;ex~rrkhm tbielxmun pþhfµcaercinxñgenagmpøúvcati RtÚv)ak;EbkexÞcGs; enasl;etkmnr\dær):at;r):ay. fñl;catirtúvcikkas;r):at; r):aycagenøi. eyig)anmkqb;smrakenamuxvtþmyyenaxagt,úgfñl; Caticm ayrbman2k>m. enatienahmanrethbgb ÚnGñk RsukCaeRcInEdlrt;ePosxøÜnb BYkExµrRkhmCemøósmk dl;tienh. bnþicerkaymk manlansuibexµrrkhmmyy cgsøwkeqi ebikmkqb;enakñúgvtþ. enakñúgsalaeronnig enaerkamkudirbhsgç eyigrbthexijkgt½bexµrrkhmb ExµrrNsirS edkeligrgwgnilúgerbagrbatduchvúgrbecov. enaem:ag12éf Rtg; eyig)anetadl;tirympsarbrest. etomcinlk;\v:an;5b 6enAebIkTVars at;rcgm. mitþnirsa )annameyigetacybrbfantmbn;edlcagtitrkúbergónføab; efvikarenasalabzmsiksasn rmu:k ehiyedl)anecjeta enaérbtamgbiqñam1966. eyigbumgacrsavrcavrkeqµah edimexijet eyigrkan;etsáal;eqµahbdivtþn_rbs;ek b:uenñah eqµahhm. mitþ hm erkaybi)anganlixitrbs;mitþ sñgkarneya)ayrkúgpñmebjehiy k¾cab;epþimsyrbt man BIeyIg BIeQµaHBitR)akdrbs;eyIg BIGaCIvkmµenAkñúg sgámcas; enhcasmþirbs;ek BIRsukkMeNIt BITIkEnøg efvikar. erkaymk ekk¾cak;twkethucmk[eyig RBmTaMg nameyigetarss;rsubbbrsnigrtiegot. KWmitþ hm enh ehiyedlcagñkrtütrtatmbn;degáa RsukkNþalsÞwg man LanGI u-s uy-s uymyynigm: UtUhugdaCaeRcInsRmab;eRbIkar. KWCabursmaDmaM Tab kmbs;rbman1/58m minsuvniyay sþi mangayurbman40qñam. enaem:ag2resol mitþnirsadedl)ancundmenireyig bnþetamuxetot. mitþ hm )an sresrkunsmburtmyy[eyig kan; ehiyr)ab;fa [yklixitenhetarbkl;[mitþ hg; eqµahbdivtþn_ enamnþir305 pþal;éd. eyigefvidmenir kat;tampumikat;pøúk-rksamg mkdl;pumivalelvóg kñúg sgáat;pugkñúgextþkmbg;s<w. mitþnirsa)anennameyig[erbi eqµah hub CMnYsBakübriePaKb júam ehiy[tmlab;erbi «Bakü «mitþ ducekducég. mktl;nwgéf enh eyig)ancyb eyokkuget2nak;b:uenñah EdlkMBugGgÁúysuIKuyTavenA PUmiRksaMgkat;Pøúk. mkdl;pumivalelvóg mitþnirsabnþab;bi)anrbkl; eyigniglixitmitþ hm [GnuRbFan mitþnirsa énpumipak «Biess ehiyk¾vilbkerkayvij. mitþ mamg eqµah bdivtþn_ CaGnuRbFanmnÞIrnIrsa nameyigetasmrakenakñúgpþh GñkRsukmYyxñgEdleKykeTAeFVICaXøaMgpÞúk\v:an; man smbt; erbgkat GMbil smbt;ekas U CaedIm. mnþirb Rkúm enhmanpar³smrab;cat;ecgcba Ún\v:an;BItMbn;s ag-ekahfm tmbn;25 b BIsÁn;-Tenø)aTI yketapumipakbiesseday qøgkat;tampøúvelx4. manlanfmbiedlsut CaLanrt; QñÜl Lanrt;QñÜlFMmYymandak;yIeha huk-ehg m:utu hugda3erkóg nigetacrkyan4b 5eTot RBmTaMgdMrI 3k,al TuksMrab;[RkúmnIrsaeRbIR)as;kñúgkardwkCBa Ún \v:an;. éf 20 emsa dl; éf 12 ]spa 1972 enaéf dmbug RbCaksikrenAPUmivalelVógTTYlGbGr satrnwgeyigxøamgnas;. KN³kmµaFikarrNsirSPUmi)an namkñaerobcm)aytwkmðúbcmnittyleyig RBmTaMgerobcMraRtI sil,³tucmyysmedgedayrkúmkumara-kumarienakñúgpumicun Cakitþiysdl;eyIgeTotpg. KWCaéf dmbugedleyig)an mcämnðléksarkm<úca 5

8 exijtidæpabéncmerognigr)amrbs;ggákarbdivtþn_exµrrkhm. eyigmankþirmepibnigesamnsscaxøamgcmebahemrtipabnigkar ykcitþtukdak;rbs;bgb ÚnRbCaksikr ehiyeyigk¾)an EføgGMNrKuNsMEdgTwkcitþsVamIPkþinigemRtIPaBtbteTArk bgb ÚnTaMgGs;enaHvij. karykcitþtukdak;rbs;bgb Ún RbCaksikrmkelIrUbeyIg hak;efvi[mitþ mamg nigshkari rbs;ek RcENnnigeyIgxøH²Edr. RbCaksikrenAPUmivalelVógmanCIvPaBRkxSt;Nas; mðúbcmnirtisac;bummanrkb;rkan;et. bgb ÚnTaMgenaHenACMBak; citþetaeli «semþc«y:agerca. mancas;tumcaercin niyaysresirbi «semþc«ehiyt ÚjEt rfa sbvéf enh «ra sþkñarganas; rgaduckunman;)at;em: )at;semþc sihnu >>>. RbCaksikrenAEtsgÇwmfa semþc sihnu nwg vilmkkan;kab;gmnacvijenaeblnaedlkgt½brnsirs vayykpñmebj)an. cmenkmitþ mamg nigmitþ can; RbFanmnÞIrnIrsaenHvij sut EtCaRkbx½NÐkumµúynisþ. eknamkñalak;km)amgkarbitmin Tan;[RbCaksikrenAkñ úgtmbn;enhdwget. enhcayut vifirbmul kmøamgmyyrbs;ggákarexµrrkhm. éf bnþab;mk duncas;mñak;eqµah yayem:n )annam eyigetaenapþhfµimyyxñgetotedletibnwgsg;ehiy. eyig )anttylkar]btßmöy:agkk;ekþabismnak;duncas;enhnig jatimitþcas;tumcitxagdétetot. swgetral;éf jatimitþ CitxagyknMcMNI fñamck; dugx I søwksegá mk[eyig ehiy enaebll ac² bgb ÚnTaMgenaHEtgnaMKñamksYrsuxTukç smenhsmnalkmsanþelgcamyyeyig begáitcacmng emrtipabnigkaryl;citþkñaetavijetamkrwtetcitsñit EfmeTot. maneblxøh eyignwkrb kmkkunrbbn -RKÜsarjati mitþy:aglnøg;lenøac CaehtueFVI[eyIgrwtEtQWcab;eBIt xøamgeligetotnwgs gáamniggñkedlbgá[mans gáamenh s gáamedlefvi[eyigebk)ak;kña s gáamedlsaberbah 6 hu nwm EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar nuvtukçevtnasbvy:agdl;rbcara sþsø ÚtRtg;. eblcybrbth eyokkugtampøúvmþg² eyigswgetelatetarc)ac;kkab; ;cirba am[gs;citþ karsñak;gars½yenakñ úgpumivalelvógcayuréf kan;et efvi[eyiggpsúktb;rbml;xøamgelig². enaéf 6 ]spa mitþ can; eqµahbdivtþn_ )annammitþ ng syn eha cmerinc½y etasaksyrsuxtukçeyigedayman mcämnðléksarkm<úca

9 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar hu yn; rubftqñam1972 enatmbn;rmedah yut CnExµrRkhmcMnYn5nak;GmkarBarsnþ isuxpg. ng syn Casñgkarneya)aytMbn;25 Rsuks ag-ekahfm b ek ehafa elxatmbn;25 elxafikarbksenakñúgtmbn;. «enakñúgkarsnþnacamyy ng syn eqøótkasbeba ar sresirnuvvirpabnigsµartirwgbuwgrbs; ng syn kñúgkarefvi bdivtþn_ nuvesckþikøahanrbs; ng syn nasmacbiessena valemru EdlnaM[ ng syn Cab;KukrhUtmkdl;qñaM1970. exov smpn enal acéf dedl bgb Ún enakñúgpumi)anerobcmmðúbcmni Cb;elog smmitþ ng syn RBm «TaMgeyIgTaMgGs;Kña. mitþ can; RbFanmnÞIrdwknaM )anr)ab;eyig fa «RbEhl4-5éf etotmitþ nwg)anecjdmenireta GgÁkar «eli. )anvayturelxetacmrab GgÁkarelIBIerOgmitþrYcehIy. PJak;eRBItkalebIB mitþ can; R)ab;fa manvayturelx erbah «min)ancab;pøwkfa GgÁkarExµr RkhmeKykcitþTukdak;nwg dl;fñak;enh. enaéf bnþbnþab;mketot eyig cab;epþ ImCYbeyokkug-eyokNam xagecigqøgkat;pumicajwkjab; mandwkggár benø man; Ta nigdwk RKab;kaMePøIgt,al;tamkg;. CYnkalmaneXIjBYkvaEsgGñk rbysqøgkat;pumi. GñkRsukpþl; Bt manmkeyigfa T½BFMrbs; BYkvaminEdledIrkat;PUmieT man EtRkúmesdækic etcagñkedirecj culrktijes,ógtampumi. eblexijcnbretsrtúvqøanban eyigk¾nwkexij dl;vasnarsukets dl;ékracürbs;rbcacati dl; vinaskmµrbs;rbcararsþcmnyn3qñamknøgmkehiy.l. cuhexµrrkhm? enhehiycacmenat éf TI7 nig8 ]spa mitþ can; )ancundmenir ng syn eligetaeli GgÁkarelI. éf 8 nig9 ]spa epøógbg úrxøamg laynigxül;büúhfm Twkdk;ss acbasebjers. GarmµN_ mcämnðléksarkm<úca 7

10 rbs;eyigvilvl; nwkdl;karsb,aynigesckþisuxsanþena erkamdmbulrküsard¾kk;ekþaedleyigføab;cybrbthbiedim erogmk. cmebaheyig esckþisuxlaynwgkarepøitepøinrbs; eyigkñúgmyyry³ebl hak;duccagmebik,t;myycmebahrbca ksikredlkmbugrgtukçevtnaedaysars gáam. eyigkyret h anefvigvimyycavipaktankñúgkarbm)at;s gáamenh. esckþ IsMercrbs;eyIgkñ úgkarculetakñ úgcyr bksmçag «Gac[mitþPkþirbs;eyIgbkRsayeRcInEbbeRcIny:ag Nas;mkelIrUbeyIg. b myyekcat;tukeyigcagñkpsg erbgniym CaBYkqáÜtlIla CaRkúmRbelamelakniym erbahfaxø ÜnÉgGac «TUlEpndI b et? b myyekgaccat;tuk eyigfacabyksihnuniym? b myyekecateyigfacacn kumµúynisþ? cmebaheyig eyigsuxcitþenaes ómcacagrsdi. enaéf 9 ]spa ynþehah et-25 BIreRKOgmkTmøak; RKab;EbkenAxageCIgvtþkat;Pøúk. éf 10 ]spa kargpsúknigrevirvayjamjieyigkan;et xøamgelig². eyigkµanesovepaemilkmsanþ KµankaEst. eyigdac;kartak;tgbixagerkabipñmebj. myyéf ² eyig sþab;dmnwgettamvitüúpñmebj eb:kamg nigv:asuinetan. dmnwgfarkúgpñmebjttylkarvayrbharedayrkab; kamepøigt,al;nigrkab;r:uekát 122m>m cmnyn 155RKab; enaedimex]spa efvi[eyigrn t;jab;j½rcaxøamg. enal acéf TI10 ]spa mitþ «mamg PUQYymitþ can; )anyksmburtmyymkbgðajeyig. kñúglixitenah sñgkar neya)aytmbn;33 mitþ samg rin GtItsa sþacarümfüm siksa )an esñi [mitþ mamg nameyigetacybnigekenaevtika «kitiþys enaevlaem:ag6l ac. enal acéf 10 ]spa enh KN³rNsirStMbn;33)ancat;EcgerobcMmiTÞIgmYyy:agFM enaek,rvtþkat;pøúk Rtg;salabzmsikSacas;. eyig)anetarymmitþignigekedr Etmitþ mamg eyigmin dwgcamanectnaebbna BuM)annaMeyIgeTACYbGñkdwknaMExµr 8 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar RkhmenAevTikakitþiyseT. eyigmankarcab;garmµn_caxøamgetaelimitþigenh. mnussrbmancagmyymuwnnak; rymtamg RbCaCn TaMg kg ««kmøamgrbdab;gavufrbcacnrmedahcatikm<úca TaMgRBHsgÇ TaMgRkbxNÐExµrRkhm kmµapi)al Rbdab;edaysemøók bmbak;exµa )anecjmkbirkb;tisti EhCak,Ün kan;tg;rkhm nigbdarkhm trmg;mkkan;tiføasalaeron. RkúmnarIQr enacyrxagmuxek,revtika. enamuxevtikamansg;tubmirkúdac; q aybikña. xagkñ úgevtika ekagirbman200termóbcacyr. dmbug GarmµN_rbs;eyIg)aj;epþateTAelIBaküesøak enaelibdarkhm. bnþabdacaercin eyigexijmanet bdarkhmmyyetedlecgfa «Ceya rnsirsrybrymcati km<úcaedlmansemþc neratþm sihnu RBHRbmuxrdæ Ca RbFan erkabienhkµanbdarkhmnamyyniyaybiesþc sihnu eliy. BaküesøakPaKeRcInbeBa IcbeBa IBIvIrPaB rbs;rbcacnnigkgkmøamgrbs;ekducca³ Ceya kgkmøamg «Rbdab;GavuFRbCaCnrMedaHCatikm<úCad¾manC½y. ebþcja «KaMRTkarts Ud¾Gg;Gackøahanrbs;RbCaCn. Ceyardæ «GMNacRbCaCn. ebþcjakmetccrkbrtgaemrikamgnig «brivarva[gs;bitwkdikm<úca lav evotnam. Ceya «yut samkáiénrbcacnexµr lav nig evotnam.l. edayexijbdabirsemþgbrsvakmn_ cmebahelak h U yn; etibeyigdwgfaelak h U yn; c,as;camkcagfibti kñúgbifienh. eyigxitxmepþógrkemilerkgmaneyokkugeyoknamxagecigmkculrymkñúgbunümitþigenh EteyIgrk emilbumexijmanmñak;esah. epøiggkáisni)anbmpøwerbagrbat hak;ducminemncacnbt. enaek,revtika ek)anerobcm elndæanmankrmbmyyy:agmamsrmab;emdwknamexµrrkhm. enacumvijtiføasala manekcikelndæantuc²y:agercin smrab;tssnikcn. Rkúm[sBaØafamanynþehaH bnþak;kña enacumvijbrievnsala. eblb surkeba epøiggkáisnirtúv Bnøt; )ariminrtúv[ck;. enamant Guit sarin mcämnðléksarkm<úca

11 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar kargb;rmksagkunecarbs;bdivtþex~rrkhm sm½ybdivtþeyig\lúvcasm½yvaykmetcnige)as smgatrebobrbbmnusscihcan;mnuss nigvaykmcat;nuvkar Tak;TgplitkmµCiHCan;tamRKb;rUbPaBTaMgGs;. Casm½y EdlCnRKb;rUbelIktMkl;plRbeyaCn_rYmrbs;RbeTs CatinigRbCaCnx<s;CagplRbeyaCn_sYntYpÞal;xøÜnCanic. Baküesøakrbs;eyIgsBVéf KW GVI²TaMgGs;edIm,IrMedaH RbeTsCati nigrmedahrbcacn[ryccakputbinwmcihcan; QøanBanrbs;cRkBtiþGaemriknigcRkBtiþbreTsTaMgGs; nig[ryccakputbikarcihcan;sgát;sgáinemilgayemilefak sbvebby:agrbs;bksbykgak,t;cati ln;nul-sirimt³swggu:kfaj;-giuntam-ecgehg-lúgbuer:t-suesþn. GVI² TaMgGs;edIm,IbdivtþQñH.>>> duecñh ebirslaj;kunecak¾edim,i[vaefvibdivtþbmeri RbeTsCatinigbMerIRbCaCn)anl Edr. ÉksarGb;rMksag kunecaeyigk¾edim,i[vaetacagñkbdivtþl myyrubedlesñha Cati echrslaj;ekarbesµahrtg; nigbmerirbcacneday Gs;BIcitþBIeføIm enarkb;tikenøg kñúgrkb;kal³ets³lm)ak RsYl. EdlsøÚtbUtsuPaBrabsacMeBaHRbCaCn-mhaCn Canic efvi[rbcacn-mhacnrslaj;rab;gan ebjcitþ ebjeføimrkb;kña. EdlGg;Gackøahan emahmut h an RbyuT søab;rs;camyyxµamgsrtúvrkb;rbept h anrtamrtkar lm)akevtnarkb;ebby:agtamggs; rhutdl;h anefviblikmµ krmitx<s; edim,ismercparkic bdivtþcunrbetscati-matupumi TaMgRsug. enhehiycakitþiysnigcaematnpabd¾x<g;x<s;nigrtwm RtÚvrbs;«BukmþayeyIgkñúgsm½ybdivtþ\LÚv. Kµan«Buk mþaynamyyedlfacg;[kunecaetacacnk,t;cati k,t; RbCaCn nigk,t;bdivtþeliy. Kµan«BukmþayBlkrNa myycg;[kunecaetacagñkrbehin ekagkac edircihcan; sgát;sgáinemilgayemilefakcihcan;ekégeliy. edaymantssn³ekalcmhrbdivtþrtwmrtúvy:agenh karrslaj;gb;rmksagkunecak¾rtúveyaletatamenhedr. duecñheyigmingacrslaj;gb;rmksagkunecaeyigetatam EbbEpnsgÁmcRkBtiþ-GaNaniKmnigsgÁmBYkGak,t;Cati )aneliy. eyigmñak;²sut Etcg;[kUn)anl cg;[kuncmerin cg;[ kunefvibdivtþ EtebIKµanTsSn³eKalCMhrbdivtþRtwmRtÚv cmebahkarrslaj; kargb;rmksagkuneca ehiykµanvifigb;rm ksagkuneca[)anrtwmrtúvet enahk¾eyigbmugacksagva[ )anl smrsbtamekalbmngnigsmnumbrrbs;eyigedr. «BukmþayeyIgxøH eblexijkunxucxilrbels RbLÚseTA k¾benþasfamkbikmµpl b mkbierbgsmnag xøüngarkk;. «BukmþayxøHeTotbenÞaseTAelIkUnecAfava minekit vaminedirtamknøg«bukmþay.l. karbenþas b TMlak;kMhusEbbenHsuT EtxusTaMgGs;. kñúgerogkuneca l b xucxil ekitb minekitenh KW«BukmþayCaGñkTTYlkMhus TaMgGs; erbaheyigcagñkgb;rmksagvatamgbituc²mk. ÉkUnekµgvamindwgGIVeT. vaerbób)anetanwgrkdass1pþamg G Ícwg ebieyigpat;labbn GI[va vakøayetacabn hñwg ehiy. ebieyigpat;bn exµa RkdashñwgvaexµA. ebieyig pat;bn Rkhm varkhm. ebalkwekµgvacametttylkar Gb;rMGMBIeyIgbu:eNÑaH. ebieyiggb;rmksagva)anrtwmrtúv tamgbiekµgx Imk vak¾)anl RtwmRtÚvtaMgBItUcrhUtdl;FM. EtebIeyIgGb;rMvaTMerIsTMeyItaMgBIekµgmk vak¾eligcag etatamenahedr. eyigefviy:agenhedim,ielikkm<s;sµartittylxusrtúv mcämnðléksarkm<úca 9

12 [x<s;kñúgkarrslaj;gb;rmkuneca. vaminemnducbaküxøh ebalfa «edimeqiebivabmrugetl ehiy min)ac;ersactwk k¾l Edr enahet. erbahmnussvaminemngt;vicarnjanduc edimeqiéna. vamanvicarnjan manmenaseba tna mantssn³nigekalcmhr EdlCaTMlab; CaGtþcrit nigca pñt;kmnitedlditcab;enakñúgxøünvags;myycivit mingay nwgekerbvij)aneliy. ebieyigca«bukmþaygb;rmksag bnþúhbnþal[vamantmlab;l b GaRkk;y:agNaehIy vanwg)anpñt;y:agenahehiymingayekerbvij)anet. duecñh kñúgkargb;rmksagkunecaenh ebieyigca«buk mþayrkan;etmancitþcg;[val bu:enñahminrkb;rkan;et eyigrtúvmansµartittylxusrtúvx<s; mantssn³ekalcmhr bdivtþ[rtwmrtúv RBmTaMgmanTisnigmanviFIGb;rMksag va[c,as;las;nigrtwmrtúvetot. 1 RtÚvkMNt;Tis[c,as; etieyigcg;gb;rmksagkunecaeyig[etacas I [efvigvi etaéf erkay? «BukmþayRKb;rUbsuT Etmancitþcg;[kUnecAkøayeTA CaGñkbdivtþl myyrub edim,ibnþevnefvibdivtþ bmerirbets Cati[sMbUrsb,ayfáúMefáIgrugerOgeTAGnaKteTot. bnþevnbdivtþcaparkic rugerog]tþúgá]tþm Etk¾CaParkic F n;f rmyyedredltamtar[manekalcmhrbdivtþrwgbuwg RKb;Epñk. edim,iksagekalcmhrbdivtþ[)anrwgbuwgrkb; Epñk eyigbmugacefvi)ankñúgry³1ex-2ex b 1qñaM-2qñaM enaheliy EteyIgRtÚvlt;dMhVwkhVWnksagvaCabnþbnÞab; kñúgclnabdivtþn_cak;esþg TaMgekþA TaMgRtCak; TaMglM)ak TaMgRsYl CaerogrhUteTA. ebicmebahekµgvij k¾rtúvhvwkhvwn ksagva[mantmlab;l [manrebobrbbrs;enaefvikargar tamebbbdivtþtamgbitucetaedr. etibdl;fmetava)ak;pñt; rt;l,t;etaxagpøúvl duecñhgayksagxøün[)anl [)an cmerineconelony:agqab;rh½s. 2 RtÚvmanviFIGb;rMksagkUnecA[c,as;las;nigRtwmRtÚv 10 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar kñúgsm½ybdivtþeyig\lúv etahbicars;enakñúgcyr bdivtþkþi etahbicars;enatammuldæanpumixmuxøünkþi niyayrym KWeyIgsuT Etrs;enACasmUhPaB siucuk esøókbak; niyay sþi nigefvikargar k¾casmuhpab. ebienakñúgcyrbdivtþkweyig rs;ena siucuk esøókbak; edkedir nigefvikargar enatammnþir RksYg kardæan nigggápabbdivtþnana manggákarvin½y nigmanrebobrbbrs;enah~t;ct;rtwmrtúv. ebirs;enatammuldæanpumi-xmu k¾eyigrs;ena siucuk esøókbak; efvikargar CasmUhPaBenAkñúgshkrN_b shkmn_nanaedr. ebietahbicaeyigminhub)ayrymducca enakñúgcyrbdivtþ k¾eyigefvikargarcasmuhpab manem:ag manebl nigetatamkarcat;tamgc,as;las;rtwmrtúv. luh)anplmkk¾eyigmanrebobrbbeckcaykñahubsm RsbeTAtamlkçkarN_rbs;GgÁkarbdivtþkMNt;[Edr KµanGñkNaGacekgRbv½Ba RbmUlekIbykeFVImaneFVI)anEt mñak;égenah)aneliy. srubmk enakñúgsm½ybdivtþeyig \LÚv KWeyIgsuT Etrs;enAkñúgsmUhPaBTaMgGs; duecñh RtÚvEtKitKUrdl;plRbeyaCn_rYmrbs;smUhPaBmuneK bmput kñúgrkb;kal³ets³tamggs;. ÉkarGb;rMkUnecAk¾ TisedAeTAbMerIplRbeyaCn_smUhPaBenHEdr. eyig minemngb;rmvasmrab;[eyigedlca«bukmþayvarslaj; ebjcitþebjeføimvaetmñak;égenahet. duecñh k RtÚvecHGb;rMva[ecHrs;enAkñúgsmUhPaB. ebalkw tamgbikarsiucuk esøókbak; elgesic efvikargar sb,ay rikraykñúgsmuhpab. ecosvagdac;xatkumtubetgbeba Ic beba IelIkdak;va[xusEbøkdac;q aybikunecarbcacnmhacntueta. ecosvagdac;xatkumlblycbba úkbnsúiet kunecaxøünedayelk efviy:agna[et)anq aj; [Et)an RKb;RKan;dl;kUnecAxøÜn ehiykµankitkurdl;kunecarbcacnmhacntuetapgesah. ecosvagdac;xatkumfñak;fñmkuneca xøün[xusebøkb elisbikunecarbcacn-mhacntueta edayerisetkargarrsal² kargarnagayrsyl [Et mcämnðléksarkm<úca

13 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar kunecaxøünefvi b rhutdl;tmerisvamin[efvikargietot ehiy Tuk[EtkUnecARbCaCn-mhaCnÉeToteKeFVICMnYsTaMgGs; vij. BIeRBaHkarGb;rMrebobenHehIyEdlnwgeFVI[kUneyIg eligcag Xøatdac;q aybirbcacn-mhacn nigmantmlab; syntyniym bukálniym Gatµaniym nigsv½yéekaniym pg. eblvaenatuck¾minechrs;enacamyysmuhpab. luh dl;fmetak¾rwtetbi)aknwgrymrs;enakñúgsmuhpabetot ebal KWeTARtg;Nak¾cUlnwgeKmincuHEdr. duecñahvanwgetacamnuss eqø Iy RBehIn ekagkac kmbutkmbuy bukálniym synty niym GMnYtGYtGag ehiyedlkµanrbcacn-mhacn RsLaj;rab;GaneLIy. x RtÚvTMlab;va[rs;enAmanGgÁkarvin½y nigekarb GgÁkarvin½yedayeTogTat;RtwmRtg;Canic. kñúgkaredk edirkþi kñúgkarelgesickþi kñúgkarsiucukkþi kñúgkareronsurt b efvikargarkþi etahvaefvi)antic)anercinbu:nnak¾eday RtÚvEtmankMNt;eBlevlanigrebobrbb[)aneTogTat; Canic. dac;xatkumbenþay[vars;enaesritamettmenigcitþ cg;edkefµirnak¾edketa cg;siugiefµirnak¾siueta cg;efvi kargark¾efiv mincg;efvietk¾hi cg;eronefµirnak¾eron mincg; eronk¾rt;elg)at;eta ehiyk¾rtúvtmlab;kum[vatargi)antam citþedr. ebieyigtmlab;va[rs;enamanggákarvin½y Éksar )at;1snøwk >>> CMhrrwgbuwgl CabnþbnÞab;. mü:agetot kargarblkmµefvi[ekµgmansuxpabmamtam l nigmankmøamgblmxøamgkøapg. X kñúgkargb;rmkunecartúvecosvagdac;xatkumbeba ar kumbeba IcbeBa I b k¾gytsresirvaenanwgmux BIeRBaHkarGb;rM EbbenHvabNþúHEtbuKÁlniymnigGMnYtGYtGag[dl;ekµg Etbu:eNÑaH. duecñahvanwgetacaekµgrkgwtrktm bukálniym minsupabrabsa TaMgGakb,kiriya TaMgeKalCMhrsti igarmµn_. duecñahdl;fmeligvaksagxøünk¾min)ancmerinedr. Etmü:ageTot kñúgkargb;rmkunecak¾rtúvecosvagkum ecrsþibenþas bg ab;bnþúh tµhtihedolb smøútkmramkmehg bnøacbmpitbmp½yekµg[esah. BIeRBaHkarGb;rMrebobenH nwgefvi[ekµgtujtuhkmnitr)acja xøac)ak;s,at caj;rcabek KµanKMnitepþIm RBmTaMgksagnUvGtþPaBekµgk¾min)an. duecñahfmeligvanwgetacamnussqab;sujkmnit minføúhføay minqøasév mingg;gacekøóvkøa minskmµrbyut KµanKMnit epþim nigkµangtþpabgvitamggs;. duecñhenakñúgclnabdivtþ KWksagxøÜnyWtNas;. duecñhkñúgkargb;rmkuneca eyigrtúv edirpøúvknþal kumbeba IcbeBa I Etk¾kuMbnþúHbg ab; kumfñak;fñm beba arelikecig Etk¾kuMKMhkkMEhgKMramnayGayEdr. ebiekµgefvixus-rtúvy:agna eyigrtúvetgb;rmevkejk Bnül;[vayl; [vaexijc,as;edayxøünva etiefviy:agem:c RtÚv efviy:agem:cxus y:agem:cl y:agem:cgarkk; ehiy R)ab;vakuM[eFVIGVIEdlxus EdlGaRkk; [efvietkargarna Edll RtwmRtÚv. ebivaefvixus RtÚvR)ab;vafa efvienhxus ehiy ehiyr)ab;vakum[efvietot. EtebIvaeFVIRtÚv efvil k¾rtúvelikcakunsm,tiþ eliktwkcitþnigcmruj[ekµgefvikan; Etl EfmeTot. efviduecñhetibgb;rmksagekµg)anrtwmrtúv l nigkan;etcmerineconelonetamuxcanic. g kñúgkargb;rmkuneca RtÚveCosvagdac;xatkuMkan;eCIg vaenaebledlvamantmnas;camyygñkna b CamYyekµg détetot ehiykumtmlab;sþab;karbþwgpþl;b esckiþraykarn_ minl BIGñkenHBIGñkenaH[esaH. BIeRBaHebIeyIgeFVIdUecñH mü:agnwgnam[ekµgmangag manbeg k ehiyedirt nþanekµg dét Etmü:ageTot k¾tmlab;ekµg[niyayedimvayrbhar ekégedr. ebivamantmlab;ebbenhtamgbiekµgetaehiy enahdl;fmeligvanwgkan;etmantmlab;garkk;ercinefmetot EdlnwgnaMmknUvkarEbk)ak;samKÁIépÞkñúg nignammknuvkar esahµgdl;xøünvaetotpg. duecñh ebikunecamankareqøahrbekktas;etgnwggñk Na RtÚvecHniyaysMrbsMrYl[CanaRsYlbYlnwgKñavij kumkan;ecig k¾kumrbkan;fakuneyigvartúv kunekvaxus[esah. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 11

14 etahbicamankareliselahkñay:agnak¾rtúvgb;rmbenü: Bnül;kuM[vaeQøaHKñaeTot. ehiyebivabþwgpþl;b raykarn_ minl BIGñkNa Em:«kuMecHEtsþab;ehIybnÞrtamkUn b k¾ech EtelgesIcCamYykUn[esaH. eyigrtúvtb;tl;ehiygb;rm kum[vaniyayduecñhetot. efviy:agenhetibgb;rmkunecak¾)an l ehiyk¾minnam[mankaresahµgb karebk)ak;samkáirvag cas;nigcas;etotpg. TaMgenHRKan;EtCaviFIGb;rMkUnecAmYycMnYnEtbu:eNÑaH EdleyIg sumelikeligrkan;cakartajgarmµn_dl;mata bitabdivtþeyigtamggs;edlcg;gb;rmksagkun[)anl [etacacnbdivtþl terogeta. )atupabxusqágmyycmnynkñúgkargb;rmksagkunecaknøgmk knøgmk man«bukmþayxøhrslaj;kunrkan;etedim,i RsLaj;bu:eNÑaH EtKµanTisedAc,as;las;faetIcg;ksag kunecaeyigdl;eblvafmelig[etacagib [vaefvigienahet. EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar duecñahehiy kñúgkargb;rmkunecakwmanrtwmetfñak;fñm TMerIs TMeyI minh an[kunefvikargiet xøaclm)ak xøacht;enoy. ÉxagsMPar³k¾KitEtBIEfbMb:n efviy:agna[etbixagq aj; [EtBIxagsMbUrsb,ay nig[)anhuwhaeqitqaydac;ek EtminsUvykcitþTukdak;Gb;rMksagkUnxagsIlFm rs;enal xagsilfm RbyuT efvikargar xagkarrbyut CamYyFmµCati k¾ducrbyut BuHBar]bsKÁtUcFMRKb;Ebby:agEdr. mingb;rm ksagkun[sáal;karlm)ak karrsyl [sáal;sgámmnuss b sáal;l GaRkk;eLIy edayp½yxøackunrbüycitþ P½y xøackunlm)akevtna. EtmitþeyIgePøcKitfaCIvitmnusSva manrbmedn eyigcaem:«minemnechetrs;enaciba wmvabmeri fñak;fñmva nigtmnukbmrugpát;pág;va )ancaerogrhutetaet. min dwgcaéf NaeyIgnwgsøab;)at;bg;CIvitecalva)at;eTA ehiy. ehiyebieyiggb;rmksagvarebobxagelienh enaebledlgt;bieyigetaenahehiy EdlkUnecAeyIg kgkumarikñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü 12 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

15 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar rwtetlm)akevtnacagbikaleyiggb;rmksagva[sáal;kar lm)akkarrsylbiekµgetaetot. BIeRBaHvaKµanyl;dwg GVITaMgGs;GMBICIvitmnusSenAkñúgsgÁm KµanecHeFVIkargar rksiugvitamggs;.l. erbóbbiduccaedimmøúedlføab;etvar eligelicnøg; Føab;EtGaRs½yBwgBak;elICnøg;edIm,Irs; ranmancivitnigduhlutlas;etamuxetot. luhdl;cnøg;buk dylrlmeta edimmøúk¾rtúvrlmdylsøab;edr b y:agehacnas; k¾rtúvryjsvitrkjg;bmugacduhlutlas;l tetaetot)an eliy. y:agnamij kunecaedleyiggb;rmtamrebobxag elik¾duecñahedr. mü:agetot man«bukmþayxøhrslaj;kun cg;[kun efvibdivtþ cg;[kunechdwgcmerinlutlas;edr Etmin)an ertómerobcmgb;rmksaggnakt[kuneliy. «BukmþayxøH RsLaj;kUnehIybRkesabkUnRkúgkUn[EtenACitxøÜn minh an[kunebketanaq ay b minh an[kunetars;enakñúg smuhpabcamyymhacnet xøacekefvi)abkun xøackun Gt;Xøan xøackunlm)akevtna xøacekerbikun[efvikarht; enoy.l. man«bukmþayxøhetot suxcitþ[kunetars;enakñúg smuhpabehiy Etdl;eXIjkUnecHeFVIkargarBlkmµtUcFM F n;rsal)anducekég minsb,ayrikrayebjcitþebjefø Im nwgkunet EbreTACaGaNitkUn fakunlm)akevtnanas; faek efvi)abkunxøünetavij. man«bukmþayxøhetotexijkunlt;dmhvwkhvwnxøün)anl echrtamrtlm)akevtna siugt;siuxøan esøókbak;kenþc knþacducekducég)an EbreTACaRsk;TwkEPñkGaNitkUn fakunxøünlm)akevtna EtminRBmemIleXIjkUnecARbCaCn -mhacnéetotpg etiekrs;enay:agem:ckñúgclnabdivtþ EdlkMBugxVHxatsBVéf.l. edaymantssn³ekalcmhrxusqágcmebahkargb;rm ksagkunecay:agenh «BukmþayTaMgenaHk¾Gb;rMb niym ciba wmgb;rmksagkuneca[smburebbetatamebbepnnwg rebobrbbxµamg Edlvars;enAsMbUrhUrehoredaykarrwb Can;qk;bøn;RbCaCneyIgedaymindwgxøÜn. ]TahrN_³ enakenøgxøhkñúgsm½ybdivtþeyig\lúv ehiy k¾enamanem:xøhyl;xusfa minh an[kune)aedah mþayet niyaycmebahmþayedlmansuxpabl xøacmin FMFat; ehiyk¾tamg[kune)atwkedahekavij. GñkxøHeTot TwkedaHeKakMbu:gehIyk¾minh an[e)aedr Tal;EtTwkedaHeKa emsaetibebjcitþ. mitþeyigemilminexijfaetikuneca RbCaCn-mhaCnEdlrs;gegakggl; efvibdivtþn_vay crkbtiþgaemrikqñhsbvéf etieke)agi? ]TahrN_³ GñkxøHeTot eblbme)akunminh anefvi Blkmµhaléf et faekþatwkedahkune)aetarakgacm_. cuh RbCaCnkm< úcaeyigtutamgrbetsedlefv IkargarBlkmµ hal xül; haléf edim,iciba wmcivitral;éf emþck¾ekbme)akunek ciba wmkunekrs;. ÉkarrakGacm_vamanmUlehtuepSgeT. ]TahrN_³ mitþeyigxøhetotciba wmkunecasmburebb emiletenakñúgsgámcrkbtiþ-gananikmnigbngak,t;ena PMñeBjdUecñaHEdr RKan;EtexaGavRkNat;halmþg²BIr-bIsñÜ erkabienhenamansabu RkGUb emsarkgub nigrbs;rbr epsg²etotrkb;ebby:ag ehiy[etxvhgibnþick¾t ÚjEt r faganitkun. emiletahak;duccaminemnzitkñúgsm½y bdivtþedlkmbugefvis gáamtwgetgsvitsvajcamyycrkbtiþ nigbngak,t;cabrivarvaeliy. mitþeyigepøckitdl;virpab yut Cn-yuT nariedlrs;enaxvhxat lm)akevtna RbyuT søab;-rs; bgðúrsac;bgðúrqamcamyyxµamgenaésmrpumimux Caerogral;éf epøckitdl;civpabrbcacnedlkmbuglm)ak evtnaqwcab;exøacpsa xvhtamgbigmbil RkNat; fñamebtü nig es,óggaharepsg². ]TahrN_³ mitþeyigxøhetot kñúgkarciba wmkuntamgbi kung:aeligeta [EtQWGIbnþicbnþÜc TMlab;eRbIR)as;fñaMsgáÚv x<s;² hurehorsmburebbrkb;mux RKb;sBV EdlminEmn CakarcaM)ac;. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 13

16 ]TahrN_³ «BukmþayxøHeTotTMlab;b benþay[kun tuc²ecr«bukmþayelg b ecrmnussfmmnusscas;elg tamcitþ mintb;tl; mingb;rmtmertmrg;vaet edaysmgagels favaenatuc mintan;dwggi EtenHk¾CaTMlab;GaRkk; TMlab;[va RBehInekagkacEdr.l. TsSn³eKalCMhrkñúgkarGb;rMksagkUnecAnigrebob rbbciba wmkunecaebbxagelitamgbu:nµanenh etahcg;b mincg; dwgxøünkþi mindwgxøünkþi KWvaQaneTAniymcUlcitþtamTsSn³ ekalcmhrnigrebobrbbgb;rmnigciba wmkunecatamebbepn sgámcrkbtiþ-gananikmnigbnk,t;ehiy. TsSn³eKal CMhrnigrebobciBa wmkunecatamgenhvakµanlkçn³bdivtþ KµanlkçN³mhaCneT BIeRBaHvaminsmRsbnwgsPaBkarN_énclnabdivtþeyIgsBVéf EdlRkxSt;xVHmuxxVH erkay ehiykmbugrbyut vaykmetccrkbtiþgaemriknig bngak,t;edlcabrivardac;éførbs;vapg nigrbyut karbar ÉkraCPaB GtþPaB nigkitüanupabrbs;rbcacati nigclna bdivtþkm<úcaeyigpgedr. duecñh ebimatabitabdivtþeyigmantssn³ekalcmhr ciba wmbi)ac;niggb;rmksagkunecatamrebobenh enahkwbmugac Gb;rMksagkUnecAeyIg[)anl smrsbtamekalbmng nigsmnumbrrbs;eyigeliy. eyigbmugacksagva[eta CaCnbdivtþl myyrub)aneliy. duecñhetaéf erkay kun eyignwglm)akevtna b y:agehacnas;k¾kµangnaktpwøsvag Edr. duecñhminemn)anesckiþfaeyigechrslaj;kunecaet EtpÞúyeTAvij etahcg;b mincg; ebieyiggb;rmksagnigciba wm kunecatamrebobxusqágxagelienh enah)anesckiþfaeyig efvi)abkunecaeyigvijetetaéf erkay. «BukmþayRKb;rUb minfacars;enakñúgmcädæannaeliy sut EtmanmenaseBa tnarslaj;fñak;fñmkuntamggs;kña. bdivtþminemnhamr)ammin[matabitarslaj;burtfita rbs;xøünet EtvaxusBIsgÁmcas;Rtg;Edlfa matabita bdivtþrtúvechrslaj;kun RtÚvecHGb;rMksagkUn[vaedIr 14 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar pøúvl pøúvrtwmrtúv ebalkwrtúvechksaggnaktpwøsvag[kun eyigefviy:agna[rbcacn-mhacntuetaekrslaj; ebjcitþebjeføimcamyyeyigpgedr minemnrkan;et RsLaj;kUnedIm,IRsLaj;Etmñak;ÉgenaHeT. etignaktpwøsvagrbs;kunecaeyigenakñúgsm½ybdivtþ \LÚvenARtg;Na? KWBitCaBMuEmnzitenARtg;rkRTBüsm,tiþ sþúksþmötuk[va b TijsBaØab½RtTijtMENgnaTIFM²Tuk[va enahet ehiyk¾rwtetbmuemnzitenaelivimanpumirkwhsáwmésá Lan mu:tu nalikaéd masebrc b exagaveqitqayhuwha dac;ekenahet. GnaKtPWøsVagrbs;kUnecAeyIgkñúgsm½y bdivtþeyig\lúv k¾ductetagnaktetot KWzitenARtg; efviy:agnagb;rmksagekalcmhrbdivtþ[va[)anrwgbuwgl ebalkw[vaechrs;enakñúgsmuhpab ekarbggákarvin½y h~t;ct;rtwmrtg; [vaechrtamrtkarlm)akevtnasbvebb y:agtamggs; [vaechefvirkb;kic kartucfm F n;rsal edim,i éf erkaymansmtßpabnwgbmerirbetscati bmerirbcacn[ )anl nig)anercincagtibrma [vamanekalcmhrnig Gakb,kiriyasøÚtbUtrabsa echrslaj; ekarb esµahrtg; cmebahrbcacn-mhacncanic KYrCaTIRsLaj;rab;Gannig ecotukcitþtukeføimrbs;rbcacn-mhacnrkb;kña. ebikuneca eyigmantmlab;rebobrbbrs;ena efvikargar siucuk esøók Bak; l RtwmRtÚv nigmanekalcmhrbdivtþrwgbuwgduecñhehiy etahbicaeyigrs;enakþi b søab;ecalvakþi k¾fanafakuneca eyignwggacrs;enaedaysuxdumrmnakñúgsmuhpab CamYy nwgsmuhpab)an RbCaCn-mhaCneKBitCaRsLaj;rab; GaneBjcitþeBjeføImnwgva. duecñh kunecaeyigk¾r)akdca nwgmangnaktpwøsvagrtchrtcg;bmuxaneliy. duecñh matabitabdivtþeyigrtúvechrslaj;kun RtÚv mantssn³ekalcmhrbdivtþ[rtwmrtúvkñ úgkarrslaj;kunenh ehiymantisnigvificiba wmbi)ac;niggb;rmksagva[)anrtwm RtÚvl tamgbituc²eta etibgb;rmksagkunecaeyig)anl. dkrsg;biesovepakmnt;ehtuelx 008 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

17 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bbai eqµahcnrgerkahcnbretsedl)ankemþcenamnþirs-21 eroberogeday³ yin nan tbielxmun l>r nam-ekatþnam sba ati muxgar cab;mkbi éf cul éf kemþc 153 twg xan;s un yyn KijyYn RsukyYn egvón v:agjwm yyn skiþ2 RsukyYn R)aM KageXOm yyn? RsukyYn egvóg y:agb ín yyn? RsukyYn Twg y:agtug yyn? RsukyYn pam y:agfwg:un yyn? kmbg;esam camg fan;ehog yyn? kmbg;esam el y:agm:ay yyn? kmbg;esam CIm y:agkwg yyn? kmbg;esam tamg g:ukh ug yyn? kmbg;esam el fak;lwy yyn? kmbg;esam dag y:agfa yyn? kmbg;esam egvóg FUeFOg yyn? kmbg;esam KIm g:uketog yyn? kmbg;esam cag y:agehv yyn? kmbg;esam egvóg dingiu yyn? kmbg;esam el y:agm:ay yyn? kmbg;esam damg y:agfan; yyn? kmbg;esam y: y:agfan; yyn? kmbg;esam egvóg hulag yyn? kmbg;esam y: y:agdag yyn? kmbg;esam cwg ywgekv yyn? kmbg;esam li y:aepok yyn? kmbg;esam QWsøab; 176 egvóg y:av yyn? kmbg;esam QWsøab; 177 eto y:agego yyn? kmbg;esam QWsøab; 178 cag egvóglwb yyn KijyYn kmbg;esam QWsøab; 179 fwg v:agyw yyn KijyYn kmbg;esam QWsøab; enamant mcämnðléksarkm<úca 15

18 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar vnñ³sgámenakñuúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü «vnñ³ KWCamUldæan énkarksagsgámbdivtþ. enakñúgvcnanurkmexµr «vnñ³ smedaetaelibn sm,úr BnWø ept fñak;vgs BUCBgS rbs; mnuss. cmenkéenakñ úgesovepakmnt;ehturbs;exµrrkhm )anbnül;fa³ «vnñ³kw Gñkman GñkRk GñksMuTan GñkrksI ulk;kmøamg. edim,ikmnt;fagñkenhvnñ³giv KWRtÚvvinicä½yeTAelIlkçN³ esdækic niglkçn³neya)ay. bbaðavnñ³)anefiv[man kmhwgy:agrsycrsal;enakñúgrstab;vnñ³kmµkrnigksikr. RbCaCnEdlTTYlrgnUvkarCiHCan;BIvNѳepSg² nigbenßm edaykarbebaähkmhwgpgenah k¾)anrbmulpþmúkñabegiátca clnabdivtþn_myy. enaqñam1966 semþcrbh neratþm sihnu )aneharkúmts UtUcmYyfa ExµrRkhm. R)aMbYnqñaM «erkaymk KWenAéf TI17 emsa qñam1975 ExµrRkhm)an QaneCIgmkkan;GMNacenAkm<úCaTaMgmUl. ExµrRkhmmanemaTkPaBy:agxøaMgcMeBaHC½yCmñHCa Rbvtiþsa sþrbs;xøün EdlQrenAelIKMnitfa «)anrmedah RbCaCn kmµkr ksikrrk knþal fñak;erkam nigblkr epsgetot. enakñúgéksarrbcmusniñ)atelikti1rbs; spatmnagrbcacnrbs;exµrrkhm)ankt;rtafa minedl «manetenakñúgrbvtiþsa sþrbs;rbcacatinigrbcacnkm<úca rab;ban;qñammkehiyedlvnñ³kmµkr ksikr nigblkr km<úca RtÚv)anCiHCan;sgát;sgáin bnþúhbg ab; Rbmaf emilgay nigcan;qøietakñúgpk;rcam minmaneblegibmuxryc esah RtÚv)aneLIgkan;GMNacy:agdUecñH. b: ul Bt KWCaemdwknaMrbbExµrRkhm EdlmaneQµaHedIm salút s ekitenaéf TI25 Exmkra qñam1925 qñamqøúv kñúgrtkulksikrmyyéntirymextþkmbg;fm. b:ul Bt Føab;)an 16 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

19 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar byscasamenrgs;ry³eblmyyvssaenavtþbtum. enaqñam1944 b:ul Bt )anbba b;karsiksafñak;vitüal½y enaextþkmbg;fm. qñam1949 b:ul Bt )anttylgaharubkrn_etasiksabec ketsenarbets)aramg ehiyrtlb; mkrbetsvijenaéf TI14Exmkra qñam1953 edaysar RbLgFøak;. kñúgqñam1963 b 1964 b:ul Bt )anefivca RKÚbeRgónenAviTüal½ycMerInviC aenapñmebj. kñúgxn³ebl b:ul Bt enacarkúbergón b:ul Bt )ansyrkunsissfa «etieyigrtúvefivducemþcedim,i[rbcacnrslaj;eyig?. sissmñak;kñúgcmenamsisstamggs;)aneqiøyfa «Tal;Et dak;xøün[tabducgñkedlrkirkbmput eblenahrbcacnnwg mkecamrslaj;minxan. cemøiyenh)anefiv[ b:ul Bt ebjcitþy:agxøamg erbahfartúvnwgekalkmnitedlxøüncg; )an. b:ul Bt )angnuvtþrtwsiþenherkayebledlxøün)an eligkan;gmnackñúggmlúgqñam CabeNþIr² b:ul Bt )angnuvtþneya)aykemþcmnusstamglayna EdlxøÜncat;TukfaCavNѳcRkBtiþnigvNѳskiþPUmi. enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü karebgeckvnñ³ nigkaryl;dwggmbivnñ³ manducxagerkam 1 vnñ³ski þpumi vnñ³skiþpumieckcabirkw skiþpumigpicn nig skiþpumi m as;di. vnñ³skiþpumigpicnkwsmedaetaeli esþc nahµwn EdlmanGMNackñúgrbbskiþPUmi. tamgbierkays gáam elakelikti2mk skiþpumigpicnkan;etcuhexsay erbahet BYknayTunkan;EtdeNIþmtYnaTIeRcIneLIg². ÉBYkskþiPUmi m as;dizitenakñúgpabcatuetaenaeliy. enatamcnbtén RbeTskm<úCa m as;di)anttylplmkbidi duccaykdicyl [RbCaCnEdlmanCIvPaBxSt;exSay nigykluycgkar. rbbskiþpumienakm<úca sgámm as;dikwcarkwhtmnagénrbb esdækic. erkaymk skiþpumim as;di)ankøayetacanaytun bniþcmþg²tamry³rksiucgkarbnþak; CYldI nigrksiu lk;durepsg² ebi)anplbixagnaercin kmnt;vnñ³pabxag enah. naytunksikmµkan;kab;diefivcmáardmnamfm² ehiy CYlBlkrmkeFIVkar[R)ak;Extamem:agtameBl. cmebah vis½yesdækic nigneya)ayrbs;vnñ³skiþpuminiggpicn vnñ³tamgbirenhcihcan;kmøamgblkm~ektamgrsug duccacyldi cgkar bba am bnþak;. lkçn³neya)ayrbtikiriya RbqaMgRbCaCnnigbdivtþn_kñúgzan³CavNѳ. GPiCnCaesþc CanahµWnRKb;RKgrdæGMNactMNag[m as;di duccaecahvay extþ ecahvayrsuk. etahticb ercin vatmnag[m as;dikñúg rbbskiþpumi. duccalkçn³neya)ayrbs;ek kñúgzan³ CavNѳKWRbtikiriya RbqaMgRbCaCnnigbdivtþn_. 2 vnñ³naytun vnñ³naytuneckcabirrbeptkw naytunkumr)ad½rnig naytuncati. naytunkmur)ad½rkwcanaytuntmnagplrbeyacn_[ naytungnþrcati ehafas<anknþal tmnag[crkbtiþ)aramg crkbtiþgaemrik GalWøm:g;xaglic nigcb:un. naytuncatikwnaytunmintmnag[cnbrets. rksiu xag]ssahkmµxagbanic kmµ xagksikmµ kñúgrkbx½nð RbeTsCati edayerbir)as;vtßúfatuedimnigerbir)as; mefüa)aykmøamgblkmµcarbs;catixøün ehiylk;plit plenakñúgrbetsb namplitplbniþcbnþücetalk;enaerka RbeTs. BYkenHCiHCan;kmøaMgBlkmµrbs;kmµkr. lkçn³ neya)ayrbs;naytuncatikwmanlkçn³catiercincag skiþpumi. ducenhnaytuncati)ankmnt;facakmøamgcmnyy yut sa sþénbdivtþrbcacatirbcafibetyü. ekalbmng bdivtþrbcacatirbcafibetyükw kemþccrkbtiþ skiþpumi naytunrbtikiriya. vnñ³skiþpuminignaytunkwcasrtúvfmbmputrbs;bdivtþn_ EdlRtÚvEtbM)at;ecal ehiy[vnñ³tamgbirenhefivblkmµ ducksikr nigefivcarnbrdægmnacrbs;kmµkr-ksikrvij mcämnðléksarkm<úca 17

20 eday[rbcacnefivcam as;karrsukpumierscmáarrbs;xøün mansit iesripabrbcafibetyübitr)akd. RbCaCnCaGñk cat;tamgrdægmnacdwknamtamgepñkneya)ay esdækic sgámkic vb,fm.l. 3 vnñ³gnufn vnñ³gfnkwcavnñ³knþalrtwmrycxøün mincihcan;ek xøünk¾minrtúv)anekcihcan;edr. plrbeyacn_esdækic nig neya)ayykrycxøün sm Msux. vnñ³gnufncagñkrksi ulk; durbni þcbnþ Ücedayxø ÜnÉg. ebignufn bbaøacn siss Gñk rdækar ciba wmcivitxagkmøamgr)acjalµmrycxøün. vnñ³gnufn enhrtúv)anebgeckcabirbeptetotkw³ TI1 GnuFnelICa GñkCiHCan;BlkmµbniþcbnþÜc edim,iykplenhmkefm[ elisbikarrkb;rkan;bniþc. GnuFnbBaØaCan;elI CiHCan;Bl kmµxøh duccacylek[emilkun. TI2 GnuFnkNþal Kµan CiHCan;BlkmµeKeT. TI3 GnuFneRkam hubmin)anrkb; RKan; ehiyykkmøamgxøhetalk;[eketot. cmnucl rbs; BYkGnuFnmanFatuTaMgRbCaCati TaMgRbCaFibetyü b:uenþ cmnucexsay minemahmutduckmµkr ksikret ercinykryc xøün sm Msux nigexøgexøag Casm<½n mitþénkmµkrnigksikr. 4 vnñ³kmµkr vnñ³km~krkwcavnñ³edllk;kmøamgblkmµtamggs; [ek Biesslk;kmøaMg[nayTun. vnñ³kmµkr KµanRTBüFn manetkmøamg ehiyk¾kµanmefüa)ayplitkmµedr. vnñ³ enhetgmantmnas; niyayrymtmnas;camyygñkcihcan;ek CavNѳEdlmanFatubdivtþCageK CavNѳdac;xatCageK ebierbóbefobetanwgvnñ³détetot. 5 vnñ³ksikr vnñ³ksikreckcabi³ TI1 ksikrman KWksikreFIV BlkmµxøÜnnigxøÜn ehiycihcan;kmøamgblkmµekercin. ksikrmancihcan;ekrbehl80pakry. vnñ³enhman FatuTMnas;nigTb;Tl;skiþPUminigcRkBtiþ ehiyk¾mancmnuc 18 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar exsaycihcan;ekedr. vnñ³enhmanlkçn³rbehlnaytun CatiEdr. vnñ³ksikrcakmøamgfmmyycayut sa sþrbs; bdivtþrbcacatirbcafibetyü. TI2 ksikrknþal b ehafa GnuFnCnbT mincihcan;ek ykrycxøün mincg;;[ BYkbreTsCiHCan; s b;bykgñkcihcan;ek. BYkenHman lkçn³rbcacatirbcafibetyüedr. ksikrknþalerkam mancivpabxvhxat ehiylk;kmøamgrbs;xøün[ekxøhedim,i bmebjcivpabrbs;xøün. TI3 ksikrrk CaksikrEdl xvhxatxagmefüa)ayplitkmµnig]bkrn_plitkmµercin. ksikrrkxitxmbeba jkmøamgblkmµrbs;xø ÜneTAtammeFüa)ay plitkmµbniþcbnþüc edim,iedahrsaycivpabrs;ena b:uenþ enaetmankarxvhxatercinkñúgmyyqñam². duecñhedim,ibmebj kgvhxatkñúgcivpab ksikrrkrtúvetlk;kmøamgblkmµrbs; xøün duccaenatamcnbtnigenatamtirkúg efivcakmµkesrica edim. ksikrrkcakmøamgbeg kénbdivtþn_ RbCaCatiRbCa- FibetyüenAtamCnbT nigmantynatifmmhimanas; kñúgkar rymcmenkcamyyvnñ³kmµkrkñúgbdivtþn_ RbCaCatiRbCaFibetyü k¾duccabdivtþsgámniymnigkumµúynisþniymeta GnaKt. erkabivnñ³xagelienh k¾manvnñ³myycmnynetotedl ExµrRkhmcat;TukCavNѳRbtikiriya Edlmankaryl;dwg ducxagerkamenh RBHsgÇ bks)ankmnt;vnñ³pabrbs;rbhsgçfacavnñ³biess manlkçn³esdækic ducteta³ minefivblkmµb bgábegiánpl xøünég. rs;enaedaysarrbcacnrkb;rbept KWCavNѳBwg Ep kesdækic rbs;rbcacn BiessBwgEp keliesdækic rbs; ksikrkñúgkarcib awmcivit. duccarbhsgçmyycmnynedlman lkçn³cab;ksikr ducksikr ehiyrbhsgçnacab;nwg RsTab;elIKWTTYl\Ti Blneya)ayRsTab;elI. CarYmRBH sgçercincitsi ñt nwgksikr ducenhlkçn³neya)ayrbehl mcämnðléksarkm<úca

21 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar ksikredr. cmebahm niþsgçmanzannþrs½kiþercinenarstab; eli karttyl\ti Blneya)ayk¾BIRsTab;elIEdr. TnÞwm nwgenh RBHsgÇk¾mancMNucl myycmnynrbs;rbhggáedr KW «RBHsgÇmancMNucl xagneya)ay KWmanlkçN³Catinig RsLaj;lTi RbCaFibetyü. cmnucexsayrbs;rbhsgç KWlkçN³neya)ayminc,as;las; mkbixøünminsuvefiv Blkmµ karyl;dwgmincak;esþg RBMEdnvNѳmanPaB RcbUkRcbl; minechebgeckkarcihcan;[dac;rslhbikña. tamcmnucl rbs;sgçbermilkçn³neya)ayrbqamg crkbtiþnigbrivarercin. bbaøacn bbaøacnsißtenakñúgrkbx½nðvnñ³gnufn edayman lkçn³esdækic RKb;RKan; ehiylkçn³neya)ayk¾knþal Edr. edayelkbbaøacnxøhsißtenarkbx½nðrstab;eli KWvNѳRbtikiriya ducca BYkskiþPUmi naytun ekmanpl RbeyaCn_CamYyBYkenH. CaTUeTAbBaØaCnzitenARkbx½NÐ GnuFn etahelietaherkamk¾eday cmnucbiessmyykwbbaøa Cnqab;yl;dwgxagkRmitRTwsIþvb,Fm CagBYkGnuFnFmµta. bu :lis Tahan vnñ³enhkwcarstab;vnñ³biessedlkan;gavufbermi rdægmnacpþac;karcihcan; KWCakmøaMgRbdab;GavuFrbs;vNѳ. b:ulisnigtahanca]bkrn_pþac;karrbdab;gavufrbs;vnñ³. cmebahlkçn³esdækic lkçn³neya)ay enacab;camyy nwgkarcihcan; KWRbtikiriyadac;xat. bnþacncati bnþacncatitamggs;enakñúgsgámkm<úcasut Etmankar EbgEckvNѳTaMgGs; niyay rymbnþacncatisißtenakñúg Rkbx½NÐvNѳksikr. b:uenþcncatin½ycarymkwkarebgeck vnñ³sm,úrebb duccacncatiexµredr tamlkçn³esdækic rbs;ek. BiesscMeBaHbBaðaCnCati CaksikrenAéRBPñM tmbn;dac;rsyal xvhxatlkçn³esdækic duclkçn³ neya)ayrbyut x<s;bmput. GñkTaMgGs;KWCakmøaMgbdivtþn_ smxan;nas;. kñúgcmenamvnñ³tamggs; vnñ³kmµkrnigksikrkwca vnñ³edlrtúv)anykcitþtukdak;cabiess erbahfavnñ³ TaMgBIr)anTTYlnUvkarCiHCan;taMgBIyUrNas;mkehIy. duecñh CaeBlevlamYyEdlExµrRkhmKitfaRtÚvEtpþl;tYnaTId¾ smrmümyy edim,icakareqøiytbkarxitxmrbwgerbgrbs; GñkTaMgGs;enaH. enakñ úgéksarkmnt;ehturbs;exµrrkhm )ankt;rtafa «vnñ³kmµkrmantynaticagñkdwknam ÉvNѳ ksikrcakmøamgsm<½n mitþrbs;vnñ³kmµkr manetvnñ³ «rbs;kmµkretmyyet etibdwknamkarbdivtþdac;xatnwg)an sermcpl nigdwknametakan;c½ycmñhticugbmput. enakñúg ÉksarRbvtiþrUb kmµapi)alfm²pakercinrtúv)anercis ecjbivnñ³tamgbirenh. minetb: uenñah GñkRKb;RKgkargar enatammuldæan PUmi XM u shkrn_ kgcl½tkþi sut swg erciserisecjbivnñ³km~kr-ksikr etahgñktamgenahmin echgksrk¾eday. enhedaysaretggákar)anrbkan;yk «CMhrvNѳmunsmtßPaB mü:agetotkñúgekalbmngelik sþüyvnñ³ksikredl BMu)aneronsURtdUcvNѳCiHCan; «détetot rvl;etlhbg;eblevlad¾mantémørbs;xøünkarbar CatinigcUlrYmbdivtþn_. erkabivnñ³tamgbirenhkwbmu)anttylnuvtmnukcitþbigñkdwknam ExµrRkhmeLIy ehiyrtúvsißtenakñúgkarsgs½yrbs;fñak; elicanic etahcabukálenah)anbermiplrbeyacn_[ggákar k¾eday k¾ «GgÁkarenAEtminTukcitþ. TIbMput bukálenah)an TTYlkartbsñgBIGgÁkarvij edaycab;kuk nigttylrg TaruNkmµrhUtdl;søab;. enakñúggmlúgebl3qñam8ex nig 20éf ExµrRkhm)antamdannigesIerIRbvtiþrUbGñkEdl mancmenhdwgx<g;x<s; GtItm niþrdækar naytahan b:ulis BImun yketasmøab;cabnþbnþab;gs;rab;lannak;. li supl mcämnðléksarkm<úca 19

22 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bb aieq~ahcnrgerkahedl)ankemþcenamnþirs-21 KukTYlEsøg erobcmnigcgrkgeday³ yin nan tbielxmun l>r eq~ah tynati kenøgyk éf cul éf kemþc 526 pøg; saeron Tahan )at;dmbg bu Qan eha TUc Tahan tmbn; bu egom Tahan tmbn; rit eron Tahan )at;dmbg RTI Xun Tahan tmbn; li Kwm Kij tmbn; tamg em:gh Kij tmbn; egg mas Kij ERBkkug Em:n ehon visvkr )at;dmbg Kwm mas surieyadi )at;dmbg lwm Kwmm:arI? )at;dmbg ekog v:ani kunsiss di\dæ Rtwg y:agh RbCaCn taexµa m:an; sut eha egvógy:agfan; RbCaCn taexµa Guwm BnøW RbCaCn PMñeBj eqam qm RbCaCn degáa Ey:m y:n RbCaCn psarkab;eka R)ak; Gin RbCaCn tmbn; Ca can; RbCaCn ERBkkþam Ehm sn RbCaCn taexµa nu Xwm eha Pin RbCaCn )at;dmbg ):av b:n eha ):an; RbCaCn )at;dmbg su GIu RbCaCn tmbn; mas ektkan;y:a RbCaCn tmbn; etg s n RbCaCn tmbn; fani hvas RbCaCn KILÚEm:Rtelx enamant 20 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

23 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav mundmbugex~rrkhmsmøab;):arbs; karcgcamrbs;kumarikm<úcamñak; elog Guwg tbielxmun kal enatuccagsbvéf enh ):ar)ab; fa enakñúgrkam Pasacin eqµahrbs; elog bkerbmkfa «nak. ):amanrbsasn_fa nakkwstvrbs;etvta etahbixø ÜnvaminEmn CaeTvtak¾eday. stvnakcastvmanb T anupab ehiy qøatvagév. CaerOy² vagacemilevgq ayetagnakt. ):aefmtamgbnül; etotfa duccaenakñúgexspabynþg Icwg yur²mþg stvnakkmnacmyyb BIr)ancuHmkEpndIedIm,IbMpøic bmpøajrbcacn b:uenþnakpakercinmantynaticagñkkarbar mnuss. kalbibirbiyb;mun ):ar)ab; fa enaéf Edl bgkim «cab;kmenit ):akmbugetedirenaxagerkapþh. myyrmebcenah ):aemiletaeliehiyk¾exijdmubbksy:ags atehahmkrk ):a. dumbbkenahhak;duccaehahtam):ag Icwg. bnþab;mk dum BBkenaHk¾cab;epþImelcecjCaragnaKd¾FMmYyEdlemIl etakyr[xøac. nakenahmanrbevgbir)ammyyetadb;em:rt man ecigtuc²byn ehiymansøabrtdageligrtg;bak;knþalxøün vamanesñgrmylxvg;birduhecjbik,al EbrecjeTARCúgmçag myy RBúyrbs;vamanRbEvgmYyEm:RtknøH ehiyeyal eyaketamuxetaerkay hak;duccakmbugerramgbgrsatr karcab;kmenitrbs; bgkim Edr. rmebcenah vak¾ehahmk Cit):a ehiysmøwgmk):acamyyepñktamgkud¾fmcitb:unkg; rfynþ. nakenah)anr)ab;):afa GñknwgmankUnRbúsmñak;d¾ xøamgbueknigmansuxpabmammyn enaeblfmelig kunrbúsenah GaceFVIkargard¾Gs arücaercin. ):a)andwgdmnwggmbikarcab; kmenitrbs; bgkim BIstVnaKenaHÉg. ):ar)ab; fa nak )ancuhmkelgnwgkat;caercinsa enaeblvacuhmkmþg² va Etgpþl;Bt mangmbikarcab;kmenitfµirbs;kunkat;canic. mulehtuenhehiyedlefv I[ enakenøgy:pþhenh sk;rbs; errametaerkayducrbúynak ehiyédtamgkurbs; enaettth eligeliducsøabnakehahehirrmlgelak rhutdl;ebl):a eha culetakñúgpþhvij. m:aniyayfa syrsmnyrercinnas;. enaebledl syrkat;fa ):aefvigienakenøgefvikar Kat;R)ab; fa ):akwca b:ulis. enaeliéksnæanrbs;):a man):ans½kþimyyedlman bynqñút. ):anenhmann½yfakat;gacrkcmnul)anercin. m:amanrbsasn_fa manmþgenah ebledl etibmangayu RbmaNmYyb BIrqñaM manmnuss)anbüayamefvixat):a edaydak;rkab;ebkenakñ úgfugsmramrbs;eyig. «enaeblynþehahcab;tmøak;rkab;ebkenacnbt RbCaCnCaeRcIn)anrt;mkenAPñMeBj. enapñmebj RbCaCn TaMgGs;enaHminGacrkkargareFVI)an ehiyk¾sþibenþas rdæapi)al. RbCaCnTaMgenaHminsÁal;):aeT b:uenþekkitfa mcämnðléksarkm<úca 21

24 I m nþirackartamggs;sut EtBukrlYyehIycitþGaRkk; duecñh ehiy GñkTaMgenaHk¾tRmg;eKaledAmkelIm nþirackarcan; x<s;tamggs;. «GVIeTARKab;Ebk? nrnacagñktmøak;va?. m:amanrbsasn_tbvijfa «ÉgGacsYrsMNYrenHeTA ):a)an. eblresoléf dedlenah GgÁ úyenay:pþhcamyy ):a ehiy k¾syr):agmbikartmøak;rkab;ebkenacnbt. ):a R)ab; fa RbeTskm<úCakMBugmans gáamsuivil RbCaCn km<úcapakercinbumemncagñkrs;enatirkúget b:uenþ GñkenATICn btdac;rsyalkmbugefvierselidituc²rbs;kat;. ehiy RKab;EbkKWCa)al;sMNEdleKTmøak;cuHBIelIynþehaHmk enaeblvapþúh RKab;EbkenaHnwgbegáItCareNþAenAelIdIEdl mantmhmmat;elirbehlb: unkunrtbamgtuc². RKab;Ebksmøab; RKÜsarGñkERscmáar bmpøajdiføirbs;kat; ehiyefvi[kat;rt; cakecjbipþh. \LÚvenH GñkRknigGñkEdlKµanTICRmk)an mkrs;enatirkúgpñmebj edim,iesvgrkkenøgsñak;enanigcmnyy ]btßmö. edaymingacesvgrkticrmknigkarcyy]btßmö)an GñkTaMgenaH)anbeBa jkmhwgerkverkaf ehiy)anchkmhwg rbs;kat;etaelim nþirackartamggs;enakñúgcyrrdæapi)al. BaküsmþIrbs;)a:eFVI[k,alrbs; vil ebhdugrbs; elat jab;elig². syr):afa ehtugvi)ancaektmøak;rkab;ebk?. «):aeqøiytbmk vijfa «RbeTskm<úCakMBugEtRbyuT RbqaMgnwgs gáam Edl):ak¾minyl;Edr ehiycemøiyenhva RKb;RKan;Nas;eTAehIysRmab;sMNYrrbs;kUn. ryckat;k¾ Qb;niyayteTAeTot. karpþúhrkab;ebkkñúgfugsmramrbs;eyig)anefvi[rlm CBa amgc gáan)ay b:uenþcasmnagl KµannrNamñak;kñúg RKÜsareyIgrgrbYseT. b:ulisminedl)anrkexijnrna CaGñkdak;RKab;EbkenaHeLIy. ebhdugrbs; QWcukcab; EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav enaebledlnwkdl;fanrnacagñkbüayamcg;efvi)ab):a rbs; BitR)akd. RbsinebIRbCaCnfµITaMgGs;enAkñúgRkúg PñMeBjdwgfa):aCamnusSd¾l mñak; ehiyetgetmanbmng cg;cyyykgasagñkdét GñkTaMgenaHnwgmineFVI)ab)a:eTot etemileta. ):aekitenaqñam1931 enapumitang; XuMERBktang; RsukekaHsUTin EdlCaPUmidac;RsyalmYyenAkñúgextþkMBg; cam. tamcivpabgñkerscmáar RKÜsarrbs;):aCaGñkman CIvPaBFUrFar. ):artúv)anpþl;nuvgvi²tamggs;tamedl Kat;RtÚvkar. enaebl):amangayudb;birqñam «Bukrbs;Kat; )anttylgnic kmµ mþayrbs;kat;)anerobkarcafµietot. «Bukcugrbs;):aCamnusSRsvwgxYb ehiy]ssah_vaydm RcMFak;):aNas;. ebl):agayudb;r)ambiqñam ):a)ancakecj BIpÞHeTArs;enAkñúgvtþ edim,iecosecjbigmebihigsaenakñúgpþh nigedim,ibnþkarsiksa. enatibmput ):ak¾byscasgç. ):ar)ab; fa enaebledlkat;mancivitcasgç eblkat; nimnþetanamkna Kat;EtgEtkan;GMe)asnigRbdab;cUk smrammyy edim,ie)assm atpøúvenaxagmuxkat;ecj kum[ Kat;edIrCan;stVnigrukçCatimanCIvitnana. bnþab;bilacakpabcabbvcitedim,ierobkarcamyym:a ):a)anculefvikar[kgkmøamgb:ulis. Kat;CabUlisd¾l mñak; duecñhehiykat;)anrtúvtemiøgzan³[culefvikarkñúgesva Pñak;garsm at;kgexmrpuminþ erkamkardwknamrbs;semþc RBH neratþm sihnu. kñúgtynaticapñak;gar ):aefvikarcasm at;. Kat;RtÚv)an cat;tamg[bmebjkargarduccnsuivil edim,irbmulbt man CUnrdæaPi)al. Kat;minEdlR)ab;nrNa²[dwgBIkargar BitR)akdrbs;Kat;eLIy. edaykitfa Kat;GaceFV Ikarrksu )anrbesircagefv Ikar[rdæ ):ak¾sermccitþlaqb;bikgkmøamg b:ulis edim,ietaefvicmnyjcamyymitþpkþirbs;kat;vij. erkaykarpþülrmlmrdæapi)alrbs;semþcrbh neratþm sihnu 22 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

25 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav kñúgqñam1970 ):a)anrtúverciseris[culefvitahancamyy rdæapi)alfµirbs; ln; Nul mþgetot. etahbicardæapi)al fµitemiøgzannþrs½kþi):aetadl;vresniy_rtik¾eday k¾):aman Rbsasn_fa ):amincg;efvikarenhet b:uenþ):artúvetefvi ebimin duecñahet Kat;GacnwgRtÚveKeFVITukçbukemñj edaycat;tukfa Kat;CaCnk,t;Cati b RbEhlCanwgRtÚveKsmøab;pgk¾mindwg. syr):afa «ehtugvi)ancag Icwg? etienakenøgepsg vamanerogducg IcwgEdreT? ):aykédmkgeg lsk; beni þr ):aeqøiybeniþrfa et. kunsyrercinnas;. «bnþab;mk ):ak¾ebbmat; ehiygakepñkecjetaq ay BI. enaeblkat;manrbsasn_mþgetot smelgrbs;kat; B kan;etxsaveta². Kat;manRbsasn_fa «enakñúgrbetscaercin ekmin EdleFVIdUecñHeT. enakñúgrbetsmyyedlekeharbets Gaemrik rdæapi)alrbs;rbetsenahminefvirebobenhet. «etirbetsgaemrikenakenøgnaeta?. «vacarbetsmyysßitenaq aybitienh qøgmhasmurt CaeRcIn. «ehiyenakñúgrbetsgaemrik ):anwgminrtúvbgçm[cul efvit½bet EmneT):a?. «Gt;eTkUn enarbetsgaemrikekmanknbksneya)ay BIrdwknaMRbeTs KNbkSmYymaneQµaHfa KNbkSRbCa- Fibetyü ehiyknbksmyyetotmaneqµahfa KNbkS safarnrdæ. enaebledlekrbecgkña KNbkSmYyNa k¾eday[etqñheqñat KNbkSmYyeTotRtÚvEtEsVgrkkar garepsg²efv Iedayxø ÜnÉg. Ca]TahrN_ RbsinebIKNbkS RbCaFibetyüQñHeqñat KNbkSsaFarNrdænwg)at;bg; kargarrbs;ek ehiycaeroy² smacikknbksenahrtúv rkkargarfµiefviedayxøünégenarkb;tikenøgtamggs;. vifienh minrtúv)anykmkgnuvtþenarbetskm<úcaet. enarbets km<úcaeyig RbsinebIKNbkSsaFarNrdæcaj; smacik KNbkSsaFarNrdæTaMgGs;RtÚvEtcUlxøÜnmkeFVIkar[ KNbkSRbCaFibetyü ebiminduecñahet smaciktamgenah muxcarbqmmuxnwgkardak;tnðkmµminxan. karsnþnarbs;eyigrtúv)ankat;pþac;enaebledl bgrbúsfmbg s;rbs; edirculmkggáúycamyyeyigtamgbir enay:pþhedr. bgem:g mangayudb;r)ambiqñamehiy Kat;RsLaj;b Ún² xøamgnas;. ducca):ag IcwgEdr bgem:g mansmþiep melðm Tn;Pøn; ehiycitþl. bgem:g CabursEdleBareBjeTA edaykarttylxusrtúv. Kat;CaRbePTmnusSEdlGac[ ecocak;)an. Kat;CasisSEdlRtÚv)anekatsresIrBImitþ PkþiRKb;²Kña. ):aetibettijrfynþtucmyy[ bgem:g. rfynþenhemiletahak;ducca bgem:g erbisrmab;etdwk CBa ÚnesovePArbs;Kat;b:ueNÑaH CaCagdwkekµgRsI². b:uenþsbvéf enh bgem:g manmitþrsiehiy. Kat;TaMg BIrnak;nwgerobkarenAeBlEdl bgem:g TTYl)ansBaØab½Rt mkbirbets)aramgvij. bgem:g ertómxøüncaersc edim,i ecjetaeronenarbets)aramgenaéf TI14 Exemsa. eday saréf TI13 Caéf culqñamexµr ):a)angnubaøat[ bgem:g enaelgculqñamfµisin. bgem:g KWCabgRbúsEdlKYrCaTIeKarBnigCaTIsgÇwm. bgxyy CabgRbúsmñak;eTotEdleyIgRKb;²KñaxøacCag ek. kñúgqñamenh bgxyy mangayudb;r)ammyyqñam Kat;cab; GarmµN_eTAelIRsI²nigk,ac;kar:at;etCagesovePA. m:utu rbs;kat;kwcayancmnihedlgacpþúkmnuss)anercincag rfynþetaetot ehiym:utuenahcaemedkqk;tajrsi². bg XYy Kitfa xøünkat;mansucivfm nigcitþs b;minechrcelat xwg b:uenþ dwgfakat;kac. enarbetskm<úca RbsinebI«Buk mmajwknwgkargar ehiymþaycab;rvl;camyykuntuc²nig etapsar karttylxusrtúvepñkvin½ynigkardak;tnðkmµnwgrtúv Føak;eTAelIkUnc,g. enakñúgrküsareyig edaysarkµan mcämnðléksarkm<úca 23

26 I nrnamñak;xøac bgem:g tynatitamgenhk¾føak;etaeli bgxyy. Kat;minEmnCamnusSgayRsYlbnÞn;citþedaysarEtPaB Rss;s atnigkarrkelsedahsarbs;eyiget. etahbica Kat;minKMramkMEhgvaydMelIeyIgk¾eday k¾eyigtamggs;kña enaetxøackat; ehiyetgetefvitamgviedlkat;r)ab;canic. kñúgv½ydb;bynqñam bgrsic,grbs; kmbugeligxøünebj rubebjragy:ags at. m:amanrbsasn_fa bgkav nwg manburscaercinmksumerobkarcamyy ehiykat;gaceris ykbursnak¾)antametkat;ebjcitþ. b:uenþm:ak¾niyayedrfa bgkav mansmnagminl edaysarkarculcitþniyayelgercin ehiyykrtúvcanic. lkçn³tamgenhminrtúv)ancat;tukfacalkçn³rbs; sþiept et. RBmeBlEdlm:acab;epþImGb;rM bgkav [køayca sþid¾ Gs arümñak; ):aykcitþtukdak;eli bgkav kan;etxøamgelig². ):arbüy)armöelisuvtßipabrbs; bgkav CaxøaMg. ):adwgfa RbCaCnCaeRcInminsb,aycitþnwgrdæaPi)al ehiygñk TaMgenaHkMBugEtCHkMhwgrbs;Kat;eTAelIRKÜsarrbs;m nþi rdæapi)al. kunrsirbs;m niþrackarefivkarcamyy):acaercin RtÚvTTYlkarrukKYnenAtampø Úv CYnkalRtÚvcab;CRmitEfm etot. ):arbüy)armöxøacerkgerogebbenhekitetaelibg Kav Edr ehtuduecñhehiyetib):a[pñak;gargavufhtßbirnak; edirtamkarbar bgkav RKb;TIkEnøgTaMgGs;. bgkim KWCabgRbúsrbs; mñak;etot. Kat;manGayu db;qñam eqµahrbs;kat;mann½ycapasacinfa mas. m:a «dak;eqµahehaerka[kat;fa «svatuc BIeRBaHKat;manmaD tuc vagév ehiyrt;elon. bgkim culcitþemilkunkab;cak; rbs;cin. BYkeyIgFujNas;nwgkareFVIRtab;rbs;Kat; tam kayvikarénk,ac;kunsvaenakñ úgerogkun. Føab;Kitfa bgkim CamnusScEmøk b:uenþebl)ancybbgrbúsrbs;ekµgrsi dét²etot dwgfabgrbústamggs;pakercinkwsut EtdUcKña. EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav ekalbmngfmrbs;ekkwrihkn;gñknigbgáerogcamyygñk. CU KWCabgRsIrbs; mñak;etot Kat;manGayueRcIn Cag biqñam. Gtþcritrbs; nigkat;xuskñarslh. eqµah rbs;kat;capasacinmann½yfa t,úgécñ. kñúggayur)ambi «qñam bgcu CamnusSes óms at; xµasegon nigsþab;bgáab;. m:aetgeterbóbefob etanwg bgcu ehiykat;q l;faehtugv )anca minmancritl duc bgcu G Icwg. xusbibgb ÚnepSg etot bgcu EfrkSa):a. bgcu manes,kexµaxusek. bg RbúsFM²rbs; culcitþniyayelgesicfa bgcu minemn Cabgb Únrbs;eyIgBitR)akdeT. Kat;niyayelgfa ):aexij bgcu RtÚveKbMbrbg; ecalenacitfugsmramrbs;eyig ehiy):aganitk¾erisyk mkciba wm. KWCakUnbnÞab;BI bgcu. kñúggayur)amqñam manmadfm b:un bgcu Edr. bgb ÚnRbúsRsIrbs; esþirtamggs; cat;tuk CaekµgTeRmIsnigCaekµgbgábBaða. b:uenþ):aniyayfa Cat,ÚgeBRCEdlminTan;écñBitR)akd. kñúgzan³cabut sasnik ):amancmenoelickçúvibaøan PaBsVahab; Gakar³ rbs;mnuss nigecoelicmnucepsg²etotedlmnusseyig ecofacacmenogrubi. Gakar³KWCaBN EdlxøÜnR)aNeyIg beba jvamkerka ehiyvagacr)ab;dl;gñksegátemilfa etieyigcamnussrbeptna. BN exovmann½yfasb,ay BN páaquktmnag[esckiþrslaj; BN exµatmnag[ citþgarkk;. Kat;niyayfa etahbicamnusspakercinmin GaceXIjGakar³k¾eday k¾mnusstamggs;sut EtedIrCuMvij BBuHxül;EdlbeBa jbn esµi²kñamkerkay:agc,as; RkELt. ):ar)ab; fa enaebledl kmbugekit Kat;eXIj Gakar³RkhmPøWenAB½T CuMvij EdlenHmann½yfa Ca mnussedlrbkbedayesckþiertkrtgal. eqøiytbnwg cmnucenh m:ar)ab;):afa TarkTaMgGs;EdlekItmksuT Et RkhmTaMgGs;. 24 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

27 I EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav háic Cab ÚnRsIrbs; EdleTIbEtmanGayubIqñaM. enakñúgpasacin háic mann½yfa eføimfµ. eføimfµkwcat,úgd¾ «mantémø ehiykyr[rslaj;bmputsrmab;cncatigasui. háic manrubrags atnas;. GVI²Edl háic efvi sut EtKYr [RsLaj; rymtamgrebobedl há ic begðórtwkmat;pg. bg² EtgEtc,icf<al;d¾keNþón²rbs; háic efvi[f<al;enahelig BN páaqukedlekercinniyayfaenhcasbaøafanagman suxpabl. EtcMeBaH KitfaenHCasBaØaénkarQWf<al; etavijet. erkabienh háic KWCakUnek~gtUcd¾sb,ay. KWCaGñkrjúaMrj:ÚvCageK. ebledl bgem:g nig):a kmbugceckkña k¾ercótxøün etarkbgáan;édkarbar ehiyrkelkemiletaeragkunedlena mçagpøúvénpþhrbs;eyig. ]ssah_etaemilkunnas; erbahetm as;eragkundwgfa):acanrna ehiyekk¾gnubaøat[ kunrbs;):aculemiledaymin)ac;bg;éfø. enaebl):aeta emilkuncamyyeyig Kat;EtgEtTTUcbg;luyéføsMbuRtCanic. BIy:pÞHrbs;eyIg GacemIleXIjpøakpSayBaNiC kmµ myyy:agfm BüÜrenAxagmuxeragkunenaH EdlmanKUrrUbPaB kñ úgerogedlrtúvbba amgkñ úgs)aþh_enh. pøakpsaybanic kmµ enahmanrubpabrsiekµgs atmñak; Edlmansk;esuIgke nþig ehiymantwkepñkrsk;cuhmkelif<al;rbs;nag. ebleta emilcitrubpab eyignwgexijsk;rbs;nagmankunbs; rmuikrm:k;caercinenaelienah. épþxagerkayénrubpabenh BiBN nabigñkrsukkmbugecaldumfµetaelinag kñúgxn³edl nagkmbugrt;ecjbigñktamgenah edaybüayamrkbk,al rbs;nagcamyynwgkensgrbébniedlexµrehafa Rkma. «kñ úgeblenh pø ÚvenAeRkampÞHrbs;eyIgmansPaBs at; RCgM elikelgetsmelggme)asedleke)assmramedim,i dak;krvaenatamcieba ImpøÚvb:ueNÑaH. bnþicerkaymk man burscmnas;mñak;nigekµgrbúsmñak;edirecjmkedaymanruj rethmkcamyypg. kñúgxn³edlburscmnas;enahttyl luyerolbirbisnøwkbigñkm as;tub ekµgrbúsedlmkcamyy Kat;k¾elIkfg;sMramdak;eTAkñúgreTH. bnþab;birbmulsmram dak;rethehiy GñkTaMgBIrk¾GUsreTHeTAKMnrsMramxagmux etot. enakñúgpþhrbs;eyig bgkim bgcu háic nigm:a kmbug GgÁúyemIlTUrTsSn_kñúgbnÞb;TTYlePJóv cmenké bgxyy nig bgkav kmbugefvikic karsala. kñúgzan³carküsarvnñ³ knþalmann½yfa eyigmanluynigrbs;rbrerbir)as; ercincagrküsarmyycmnyn. enaebledlmitþpkþi mkelg pþheyig ektamggs;kñaculcitþnalikarbs;eyignas;. kñúgxn³edlmnusscaercinenatirkúgpmñebjminmanturs½bþ erbi pþhrbs;eyigmanturs½bþdl;etabir etahbica minrtúv)an GnuBaØat[eRbImYydac;EtÉgk¾eday. enakñ úgbnþb;ttylepjóv rbs;eyigmantutamgefvibikba k;x<s;myy EdlenAkñúgenaH m:a)antermóbcansmeb:tcaercin CamYyeRKOgtaMgpÞH tuc²détetot. minetbu:enñah kñúgtuenahmantuksárrkab; d¾kyr[culcitþ ehiyq aj;etotpg. enaeblm:aenakñúgbnþb; EtgeTAQrenAmuxTUtaMgenaHCaerOy² ehiyykédeta p wbnwgkba k;tuedayelbtwkmat;k wk²eblexijsárrkab;. gakemilm:aedayepñkrstn; ehiysgçwmfam:anwgganit ehiyyksár[ xøhminxan. efv IrebobenH CYnkal efv )ansermc CYnkalm:aykrMBat;mkvaykMeb:HKUT ehiy edj [ecjq aybitienah edaysarsñam)atédd¾kxvk; rbs; ditcab;enaelikba k;turbs;kat;. m:aniyayetotfa mingacjúamsárrkab;enh)anet BIeRBaHsárenHTuksRmab; epjóv. tamet emilexij erkabir)ak;kasnigrbs;rbr EdleyIgman RKÜsarzan³kNþalTUeTAk¾maneBlevla TMenreRcInEdr. ebledl):aecjetaefvikar ehiykun² etasalaerogral;rbwk m:aminmankargarsrmab;efviercin et. eyigmangñkbermimñak;edlmkpþhrbs;eyigral;éf edim,ie)akkk;exagav cm ingahar nigsm atpþh. minduc mcämnðléksarkm<úca 25

28 ekµgdét²etot mincam)ac;efvikarkmbuikkmbu:kkñúgpþheliy BIeRBaHGñkbeRmIrbs;eyIgeFVICMnYseyIgGs;ehIy. etahcay:agenhk¾eday enaetmankargarefviercin BIeRBaH etasalaerogral;ebl. enaevlarbwk² ebledl bgcu bgkim nig ediretasalacamyykña eyigexijekµg²edl GayumineRcInCageyIgb:unµan kmbuglk;svay páac½redl efvibibmbg;bwttwkrkb;bn nigpáasøwklatbn páaqukedl manrubtkáta enatampøúv. edaypkþipabnwgmitþsmøaj; tuc²rbs; EtgEtTijGIv:an;TaMgenHBIekµgTaMgenaH. minedltijrbs;gs;enhbimnusscmnas;²et. cab;epþimetaeronfñak;)aramgenaeblrbwk etaeron PasacinenAeBlresol nigcab;rvl;camyyfñak;exµrena ebll ac. etaeronr)ammyyéf kñúgmyys)aþh_ ehiyena éf GaTitü RtÚvEteFVIkic karsalarbs;. ):ar)ab;eyig ral;kñafa kargarcm,gtimyyrbs;eyigkwetasala nig eronniyaypasabrets[)anercin. ):agacniyaypasa bretsy:agsþat;cmnaj. Kat;R)ab;eyIgfa edaysar PasaenHehIyeTIbeFV I[Kat;TTYl)aneCaKC½yenAkñ úgcivpab rbs;kat;. culcitþqrsþab;):aniyaypasa)aramgcamyy shesvikrbs;kat;nas; ehtuduecñhehiy etib)anca culcitþeronpasa etahbirkúbergónkac ehiy minculcitþ Kat;k¾eday. Caerogral;RBwk RKÚbeRgónPasa)araMg)an[ sissqrcacyrenacmebahmuxkat; bnþab;mk[eyighucéd TaMgBIrrbs;eyIgecjmkeRkA edim,i[kat;binitüemilrkck faetis atb k¾gt;. ebimins at Kat;nwgvayédeyIgnwgcug rmbat;rbs;kat;. CYnkalKat;minGnuBaØat[ etabnþb;twket luhrtaet sumgnubaøatcapasa)aramgfa «m:adam sum GnuBaØatecjeTAbnÞb;Twkbnþic. manéf myyenah edaysaret edklk; GñkRKÚk¾ Kb;dIscM efvi[mitþrymfñak;esiccmgkdak; RKb;Kña. sum[ Kat;beRgónEtPasabreTsmkeyIg)anehIy minemn[ 26 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav Kat;mkbeRgóneyIgGMBIPaBGaRkk;enaHeT. minculcitþetaeronerogral;eblet duecñh CaerOy² EtgeKcsalaeTAkEnøgelgeBjmYyéf b:uenþ mincmrab ):a[dwgbierogenhet,iy. cmnucmyyedl culcitþetasala KWkaresøókBak;ÉksNæanEdl )anesøókbak;enaqñamenh. ÉksNæanrbs; KW Gave):agsµaédxøIBN s nigsmbt;pøiess xøibn exov KitfaÉksNæanenHs atnas; etahbicynkal xøacfasmbt;rbs; vaexicebkk¾eday. bu:nµanéf munenh enaebledl kmbugelgmwkcamyymitþpkþirbs; manekµg Rbúsmñak;)anedIrmkrk ehiybüayameliksmbt; elig efvi[ xwgy:agxøamgk¾rcanvaecjmyytmhwg. rujvay:ag xøamg xøamgcagedl Kitfa GaceFV I)aneTAeTot. vadyletadi ehiy k¾rt;ecjeta. rt;rhutdl; erayecig. Kitfa kunekµgrbúsenahc,as;caxøac rhutdl;\lúvenh. esþireterogral;s)aþh_ enaebledleyigbba b; kic karsala ):aetgetpþl;rgvan;[eyigedaynameyigeta EhlTwkelg. culcitþehltwk b: uenþ minrtúv)angnubaøat [EhleTAkEnøgeRCA²eT. GagEhlTwkenAkøibmanTMhMFM duecñhehiy sum,ietenakenøgtwkrak;k¾mankenøgcaercinsrmab; [ elg)actwkdak;mux bgcu Edr. bnþab;bim:acyyesøókbak;exagavguttwkbn páaquk[ ):anigm:ak¾edirecjetajúamgaharéf Rtg;enACan;TIBIr ehiy Tuk[ bgkav emil. ):anigm:abk;édcasbaøabiturbs;kat; EdlsßitenABIeRkaybg ÜckBa k;. enhcaelikdmbugehiy Edl exij)aramg. «bgcu Kat;enaHFMNas;ehIyseTotpg Qb;)ac Twkdak; ehiyxswbr)ab;kat;bibursenah. «Kat;CaCnCati)araMg. )aramgmann½yfa Kat;Ca mnusses,ks bgcu niyaytamgmuxjjwmmkrk eday BüayamGYtBIcMeNHecHdwgkñúgGayurbs;Kat;. tamsmøwg emil)aramgebledlkmbugetediretarkkþarsrmab;elatcuh mcämnðléksarkm<úca

29 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav Twk. Kat;mankm<s;x<s;Cag):abItwk maneramevg²bas ebjédnigecig. Kat;manmuxRCúgEvg RcmuHRsYcdUcsÞaMg manmadfmx<s;. Es,ksrbs;Kat;RKbeTAedayeramBN exµanigbn etñat EfmTaMgmancMNucGuctUc²BN RkhmenA elixøünpg. Kat;esøókEtexaxøIgUtTwk nigbak;mykekas U enaelik,alb:uenñah EdlmYkenaHeFVI[k,alKat;emIleTA hak;duccatem<k. Kat;elatcuHBIelIkþarx<s;mkeRkam edaymin)ac;xmrbwg ehiyefvi[twkxþateligetbnþicb:uenñah. enakñ úgxn³edleyigkmbugemil)aramgehlbenþtxø ÜnelITwk bgkav sþibenþas[ bgcu fapþl;bt manxus[. eday RKvIRkckd¾Rkhmrbs;Kat;EdleTIbEtlabfµIcuHeLIgenAkñúg TwkbeNþIr bgkav R)ab;;eyIgbeNþIrfa )aramg mann½yfa «Kat;enaHCaCnCati)araMg. edayehtufa)aramgmkrs;ena kñúgrbetseyiggs;ry³eblyurmkehiy eyigk¾eha CnCatiEs,ksTaMgGs;fa «)aramg b:uenþcncaties,ks TaMgenaHGacmkBIRbeTsepSg²eTot Gaemrikpg. karkan;kab;rbs;exµrrkhm rymtamgrbets éf TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 enaevlaresoléf TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 kmbug elgmwkenamuxpþhcamyymitþpkþi. CaTUeTA enaéf RBhs,t RtÚveTAsalaeron b:uenþenaéf enh ):a[eyigtamggs;kñaena pþh. Qb;elgmwkPøameBlEdl B sn wkm:asuinrfynþbi cm ay. edayb sñúrm:asuinrfynþlan;ducpár Pøam²enaH mnussrkb;kñak¾qb;efvikic karedlekkmbugefvi edim,ismøwg emilrfynþdwktmnijedlkmbugebikculmkkñúgtirkúgrbs; eyig. b:unµannatierkaymk rfynþdwktmnijkba as;² RbLak;Pk;Rsm:k )anebikkat;muxpþheyigsnswm². rfynþdwktmnijbn ébtg BN RbepH nig BN exµa TaMgenaH ebikcl½tcuhelig²enaelikg;d¾rgilrbs;va efv I[xÞatdI nig bgð úyepsgm:asu InecjmkeRkAex~ARTúbeBjGakas. enaeli knþúyrfynþdwktmnijenah eyigexijmnussrbúscaercin esøókexaecigevgbn exµaesøk nigbak;gavédevgbn exµa ehiyrkvat;rkmarkhmy:agtwgenanwgcegáh RBmTaMgru MRkma BN RkhmCuMvijk,alrbs;eKpg. burs²enaelirfynþ TaMgenaHelIkkNþab;édrbs;eKeLIgeTAelI ehiyerskeh a elig. PaKeRcIn GñkTaMgenaHemIleTAmanv½yekµg² sk; EvgRbHsµa laberbgrelib madsám niges,kbn exµaduc kmµkrefviersenacmáar[g rbs;eyig. sk;evgehiylab erbgrelibebbenhkwcaspabedlmingacttyl)an srmab;ekµgrsi²enakñúgrbetskm<úca. enhcasbaøabba ak; fagñkenahminechefrksarubsm,tþirbs;xøünéget. cmenk ÉbursEdlmansk;EvgnwgTTYlkaremIlgay nigcat;tukca mnussedlkyr[sgs½y. burstuksk;evgrtúv)anekyl; fac,as;camangvimyylak;)amgehiy. fviebigñktamgenahman rubragy:agenhk¾eday k¾hvúgmnuss)ansvakmn_karmkdl; rbs;ekedaythédnigerskgbgrrthwggwgkg. etahbica Rbús²TaMgenaHmanPaBesµakeRKak b: uenþtwkmuxrbs;ekebar ebjetaedayesckþ IrIkray. CamYynwgkaMePøIgEvgenAkññúgéd GñkxøHeTots<aykaMePøIgBIeRkayxñg TaMgGs;KñaesIcjjwm ehiyelikédrkvirtlb;mkrkhvúgmnussvij duccaesþc )anefvienaebledlrtg;yagqøgkat;kenøgnamyy. mitþpkþirbs; syr fa «etimaneroggviekitelig? eti mnusstamgenhcanrna?. «mindwget etark):a sin Kat;c,as;CadwgerOgenH. rt;eligetaelipþh edim,irk):aedlkmbugggáúyenay: pþhrbs;eyig smø wgemilpabrmecibrmcylenaxagerkam. eligggá úyeliepøarbs;):a ehiysyrkat;fa ):a burstamgenah «CanrNa ehtugv I)anCamnusSRKb;KñanaMKñaGbGrsaTreK?. Kat;eqøIytby:ages óms at;fa «GñkTaMgenaHCakg T½B RbCaCnnaMKñaGbGrsaTreK BIeRBaHs gáamrtúv)anbba b; ehiy. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 27

30 «etiekcg;)angvi?. elak):amanrbsasn_fa «ekcg;)aneyig. «srmab;efvigvieta?. «ektamgenahminemncamnussl et RkeLkemIlEs,k ecigrbs;ekemil ekbak;es,kecigsergkefvibikg;lan. enakñúggayur)amqñam minedlrvl;nwgrbwtþikarn_s gáamgvi eliy b:uenþ dwgfa):acamnussqøat ehtuduecñhkat;c,as;ca niyayrtúv. edaypabqøatévrbs;):a Kat;GacR)ab; fa kgt½btamgenhcamnussrebobnaedayrkan;etrkelkemil Es,keCIgrbs;BYkeKb:ueNÑaH etahbicaerogenhvahysbi smtßpabénkaryl;dwgtamggs;rbs;kat;k¾eday. «):a ehtugvi)ancamkbies,kecighwñgg Icwg? ehtu GVI)anCaBYkeKGaRkk;?. «Es,keCIgenHbgðajfa BYkGñkTaMgenaHCaGñkbMpøaj GVI²TaMgGs; minsuvcayl;gviedl):amanrbsasn_b:unµan et. RKan;EtsgÇwmfa éf NamYy nwgqøat)anrbehl Bak;kNþal):aminxan. «minyl;et. «mingietkun ehtugik¾kunminetaelgtetoteta kumeta Naq ayebk ehiyena[q aybipøúvrbs;mnusstamgenah B et?. mangarmµn_furrsalbnþic bnþab;bi)anniyay CamYy):a elatcuhbieliepøarbs;kat; ehiyedircuheta erkamvij. EtgEtsþab;tam):aCanic b:uenþkarcg;dwgcg;b rbs; enaeblenh)anmkrkbdnþb;elicitþ Cab; enaebl Edl exijmnussercinelig²mkcybcumkñaenatampøúv. ena RKb;TIkEnøg RbCaCn)anERskGbGrcMeBaHkarmkdl;rbs; RkúmmnusScEmøk. Cagkat;sk;Qb;kat; ehiyqrfµwgenaxagerkahag edayédtamgbirrbs;kat;enakan;ké nþenaeliy m as;epacniydæannigepjóvecjmkerkahagedim,iemilmnusscemøk 28 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav ehiygbgrdak;bykek. enasgxagpøúv manekµgrbús-rsi CaeRcInRkúm GñkxøHGgÁúyelIeTacRkyanynþ ERsknig Rc)ac;suIebøm:UtUrbs;eKlan;RThwg enakñúgebledlgñkxøh etotrt;eligetaelirfynþdwktmnijedim,ib:hb cab;édkgt½b TaMgenaH. enamþúmpþhrbs;eyig ekµg²enaetelatcuhelatelig RKvIédeTAelIevhas_edIm,IsVaKmn_mnusScEmøkTaMgGs;enaH. edaykþirmepib k¾rkviédgbgrsatretakgt½btamggs;enah Edr etahbica mindwgfaehtugvi)anca RtÚvRKvIédk¾eday. bnþab;birfynþdwktmnijebiketaput smelgmnussmña k¾s b;s at; ehiy k¾rtlb;mkpþhvij. enaeblmkdl;pþh PJak;ep IlRsLaMgkaMgcMeBaHTidæPaBEdl )anexij. GñkpÞHrbs; kmbugevcx b;giv:an;rkb;²kña. «maneroggiekitelig? etigñktamggs;kñacg;etana?. «etiég)at;etana? Rbjab;eTAjúaM)ay[elOneTA eyigrtúvetcakecjbipþhkñúgeblqab;²enh. m:akmbug rt;cuhrt;eligrkb;tikenøgtamggs;edim,ievcx b;rbs;rbrena kñúgpþheyig Kat;rt;elOnxWµtBIkac;RCúgbnÞb;eTAkan;bnÞb; TTYlePJóvedIm,IdkykrUbftrbs;RKÜsareyIgehIynig rubrbhbut ecjbicba amg. «Gt;XøaneTm:a. «kumrbekkcamyym:a etajúam)ayeta dmenirenh nwgcadmenirpøúvq ay. Garm~N_rbs; R)ab; fa éf enhm:aminsuvmanpab Gt;Fµt;eT duecñh sermccitþmintv:anwgkat;etoteliy. edirlb²etacitc gáan)ayedayertómerscehiyfa nwgminjúamgvitamggs; erbah EtgEtjúaMcMNIcMNukenA xagerka ehiysl;ykvamklak;enakenøgnamyyenakñúg pþhrhutdl;cynkal rkminexijehiybwggñkepsg[cyy rkefmetotpg. enamant mcämnðléksarkm<úca

31 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav nariebtübdivtþrsukrtamkk; rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü)aneliksþüynariksikrgñk muldæanedlminechgksrenatamcnbtdac;rsyal [TTYl tynatismxan;²kñúgkic karrbs;bks. narirsukrtamkk;rtúv)an GgÁkarpþl;tYnaTIkñúgkarRKb;RKgnarIenAtamPUmiPaKnana. km~api)alesiþretrkb;mniþrebtüenarkúgpñmebj sut EtnarI mkbirsukrtamkk;nigrsukdétetotenakñúgextþtaekv. enaqñam 1977 narirsukrtamkk;myyypakfmrtúvggákarbba ÚneTATUTaMg extþtaekv edim,itamdannigrkb;rkgrbcacnkñúgpumipaktamg Gs;énextþtaEkv. mulehtuedlggákarpþl;gatipab erbahfa narirsukrtamkk;)anttylkargb;rmbiekalneya)ay rbs;bksmunbg s;. RsukRtaMkk;CaRsukmYyEdlelceFøa CageKxagvis½yeyaFanigesdækic nigcarsukmyyedlexµr RkhmykeFIVCabEg kmuldæansrmab;ts URbdab;GavuF. RsukRtaMkk;)ankøayCaRsukKMrUnigCaédsþaMrbs;bkSkñúg cmenaamrsukcmnyn20enakñúgpumipaknirti. taméksarsiþbiekalkarn_rbs;nari)an[dwgfa ekalneya)ayrbs;ggákaryknariefivcamuxrbüjy:ag smxan;kñúgkarefivbdivtþn_km at;rdægmnacsrtúv km at;tamg esdækic vb,fm erbahnarimancmnyn50pakrykñúgcmenam RbCaCnkm<úCaTaMgGs;. enakñúgéksarrbs;tulakarrbcacnbdivtþqñam1979 RKIy_ ebghug )anraykarn_[dwgfa enakñúggmlúgqñam GgÁkar)anbBa ÚnnarIBIPUmiPaKnirtICaeRcIn[ mkrkb;rkgenapumipakbub a. enarsukkgmas nari FI RtÚv)anGgÁkarRbKl;tYnaTIkan;kab;nigtamdanRbCaCn. ebghug )anniyayfa GñkmkBIPUmiPaKnirtIman\Ti Bl xøamgnas;. FI RtÚv)anGgÁkarpþl;siT ikñúgkarrkb;rkg nigsmøab;rbcacnenarsukkgmas. muxvic aebtücamuxcmnajmyyedlnarienakñúgrbbkm<úca RbCaFibetyüR)afñacg;)an erbahfacamuxvic aedl)an TTYlkareKarBekatxøacBIRsTab;mhaCnkñúgrbbenaH. karekarbekatxøacbimhacn efvi[nariebtümyycmnynfmman critmanhnigeqi µgéqµ. GgÁkar)anehAkargareBTüfa kargar «sgámkic. vis½ysuxapi)alrtúv)anggákareliksresir ya:gxøamgbnþab;bivis½yeyafa. Baküesøakrbs;Ex~rRkhm KW «kunrsirtúvefvicaebtü ÉkUnRbusRtÚveFVICakgT½B. GgÁkar)anykPasitenHmkeXasnakñúgbNþaRsTab; kmµapi)alnigmhacnenatutamgrbetskm<úca. nariekµg²xøh GayuRbmaN12-13qñaM )ancakecjbi«bukmþay s½µrk citþculefviebtü. narimyycmnynsµ½rkcitþculefivebtüerbahet cg;ekc[putbikarkabsgát;rbs;rdægmnacenamuldæan. narimyycmnyn)anculefivcaebtüerbahqwcitþnwgggákar nig QWcitþnwgnarIdUcKñaEdledoltµHfaCaCnkMsakminh aneta smrpumimux. kñúgcmenamnariebtütamggs;k¾mannaricakun kmµapi)aledr. nari Cin/ smu nignariekµg²caercinetot enapumiemogcar XMuCagTg RsukRtaMkk; )anrt;etabermi bdivtþn_erbahetcg;efviebtü. nari smu RtÚvGgÁkarbBa ÚneTA efvicabukálikebtüenapmñebj. smu )anculeronxagepñkebtü erkamkarbnþúhbnþalbibukálikebtüduckña. nari lin eha GaRKÚ nigkunrsibinak;etot CakUnrbs; tam:uk )anefviebtü enapumipaknirti. smmitþ Ca elxatmbn;25 )anykkunrsi etaepijsmmitþ Pa egog FIriT enaebtü B-1 CamnIÞreBTü kumar. Ek Bk )anykkunrsietaepijjsmmitþrbfanebtü enamniþrebtükumarebtüb-1. Esm Cn )anculefivebtü erbahetnari ebon niyayfa «eyigkunexµr RtÚvecjeTA eronebtügixøh eyigggáúybwgekgñkech )angñknasñg mcämnðléksarkm<úca 29

32 RtkUlts UGñkbdivtþn_. kunrbs; egog FiriT cmnynbinak; sut EtmantYnaTICakm~aPi)alsgÁkic enarkúgpñmebj. nari mij )ankøaycarbfanmniþrebtü B-1 erbahetman egog FIriT rdæm niþrksygsgámkic nig egog sari ]bnayk rdæm niþnigrdæm niþrksygkarbrets Ca«Bukmþay. enarsukrtamkk; GgÁkarmankarRby½tñRbEygya:g xøamg kñúgkarerciserissmacik[culbermikñúgmniþrrksyg nimyy². GgÁkarGegátnigcMraj;ykRbvtiþrUby:agli tl n; munnwg[narinamñak;ttyltmengcaebtü. TRmaMkøayxøÜnCa nariebtürbs;ggákar narirtúvqøgkat;karlm)akcaercinkñúg karedlefvi[ggákarmantmnukcitþ erbah «enarkb;sßab½n RksYgmnIÞrrbs;GgÁkarbdivtþn_RtÚvEtGnuvtþn_nUveKalkarN_ myy KWsmaCikmñak;²RtÚvqøgkat;kareRCIserIsRbvtiþrUb EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav ercindmnak;kalelikelgetlmdab;mcäim. ebigñkna «RbqaMgnwgGñkksagRbvtiþrUbfIµ KWRbqaMgnwgmaKa bksrbqamg nwgkarrbmulkmøamgrbs;bks. kñúgsmburtrbs;mniþr870 nigcmnarrbs;smmitþ sun esn eha exov )anbba ak;gmbi kar erciserisnariebtürtúvmanneya)aynigvnñ³pabl. «sun esn )anepi JeTARKb;kgBl vresnafm B-98 nig P½sþúPar [GnuvtþtameKalkarN_enH edim,i[sgámkic ebik vkáksagebtü. enadmnak;kaldmbugénsm½yts UkñúgéRB GgÁkarhak;dUcCaBMusUvtwgEtgkñúgkareRCIserIsRbvtiþrUbeT [EtnarIs½µRKcitþcUlbMerIkñúgbdivtþn_ GgÁkarTTYlykTaMg Gs;. erkaybittyl)anc½ycmñh GgÁkar)anGnuvtþn_nUv ekalkarn_etmyyb:uenñah kñúgkarerciseris[efivcaebtü «ebtübdivtþn_rtúvrbsurtecjbikunecavnñ³ksikrefviers ci Ba amedimrukçcatiefvifñam 30 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

33 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav cmáar erbah vnñ³ksikrcavnñ³fmcagek>>>. nariebtü «PaKeRcInenARsukRtaMkk; manrbpbecjbivnñ³ksikr kungñkmuldæanedlminsuvechgksr. GgÁkarGnuvtþtamRTwsIþenHedayminykGñkmancMeNH vic abisgámcas;mkerbir)as; erbahetggákarkitfacaepñk myyéngananikmcihcan;rbs;skiþpumi naytun bmbulsµarti yuvnarietatamtssn³nigplrbeyacn_vnñ³. kñúgbt smöasn_rbs; b:ul Bt CamYyKN³RbtiPUEb lhs ík enaéf TI5 ExsIha qñam1978 )anniyayfa «vb,fm km<úcarbcafibetyümanlkçn³cavb,fm fiµ>>>lubbm)at; cmnucnaedlrbtikiriya. GgÁkarmineCOnigminTukcitþ Tal;EtesaHcMeBaHGñkEdl)anTTYlkarsikSaeRCARCHecj BIsalarbs;vNѳCiHCan;. GgÁkar)anelIksÜÞynarIvNѳ ksikredaypþl;sit igmnacrkb;ya:gdl;kunksikr edaysaret nariksikrbmu)aneronsurtducvnñ³cihcan;dét «rvl;etlhbg;eblevlad¾mantémørbs;xøünedim,ibermi bdivtþn_. qñam1978 b:ul Bt )anniyayfa «karefbmb:n suxpab KWmineFVItamsgVak;kargarnayTuneLIy. ebitam btsmöasn_camyynariebtüenarsukrtamkk; KµannarI 17 emsa Namñak;manvasna)ancUleFVIeBTübdivtþn_ExµrRkhm eliy ėragcrkplitfñamcmnyn4enatirkúgpmñebjrtúvkamgdmenir erbahetggákaryknarikunksikredlminechgksr[mkplit fñam efvi[lt plmankrmitticcagepnkar. exijduecñh b: ul Bt )anbba a[rkgñkmancmenhbisgámmkbermikarenakñúg eragcrkplitfñamvij. mni ÞreBTümYysi ßtenAkñ úgxm urtbamgfmxagecig RsukRtakk; extþtaekv cab;begiáteligenaqñam1975 dmenirkarrhut dl;qñam1979 EdlmanRbFaneQµaH erol sn nigbukálik ebtücmnyn96nak;. tambtsmöasn_camyygtitnariebtü CaeRcIn)anniyayfa smaspabkm~api)alenaebtürsuk manminetogtat;et. GgÁkarEtgEtpøas;bþÚrkm~aPi)aleBTü Cajwkjab;. km~api)alebtümyycmnyn)an)at;xøüneday sm at;. narienaebtürsukxøhrtúvggákarbba ÚneTAeFVIkar enaebtütmbn;nigpumipaknana erbahetgñktamgenahefivkargar skmµnigmanrbvtþil. enakñúgmniþrebtü GgÁkar)anEbg EckCa5Epñk KW EpñkCMgWTUeTA Epñkqµb EpñksøfñaM EpñkdaM)ay nigepñkbgábegiánpl. EpñksøfñaMEckecjCaBIreTotKW søfñamburannigfñamsm½y. b:uenþnariebtünaedltmenrbi kargar RtÚvEckevnKñaeTAtammuxsBaØaRbcaMs)þah_nigRbcaM éf EdlGgÁkar)ankMNt;. GgÁkarminGnuBaØat[narIeBTü enatmenrb x Hx ayeblevlaeday\trbeyacn_ nigmin Tmøab;[buKÁlikeBTüecHeFVIkarEtmYymux²enaHeT. ral; kic karkñúgmniþrebtü km~api)alebtütamggs;rtúvetechnig GacCMnYsKña)anenAeBlGñkNamñak;Gvtþman. enakñúgmniþrebtürsukrtamkk;ggákar)anebgeckgñk CMgWCaBIrRbePT KWGñkCMgWCaRbCaCnmUldæannigGñkCMgW 17emsa. GñkCMgW)anTTYlRtwmEtfñaMelbEdlplit edayggákarb:uenñah. enakñúgmniþrebtürsukk¾duccamniþr ebtüenaxmudétetotedr GñkCMgWPaKeRcInsuT EtCaRbCaCn 17emsa CaRbCaCnEdlGgÁkarcat;TukfaCaCnbeBaØIEk k b RbCaCnRbePTTIbInigCaCnEdlRtÚvGgÁkarkm at;ecjbi sgámkm<úcarbfibetyü. esckiþerskxøanefvi[rbcacnepøckitbisuxpab Gnam½y. GñkTaMgenaHecHEtbriePaKepþspþas pwktwk enakñúgers cmnigaharkµangnam½y bukrymtamggakas FatuekþAnigesIm efvikarhyskmøamg bnþal[sriragákay cuhexsayqab;ttylrgnuvcmgwratt,atepsg². kñúgbt smöasn_camyy erol sn Gñkkan;bBa I niggtitnariebtü CaeRcInrUbeTotenARsukRtaMkk;)anniyayfa RbCaCn17 emsa PaKeRcInekItCMgWehImxVHCIvCati. GgÁkar)an psbvpsayfa CMgWehImTaMgenaHbNþalmkBI crkbtiþgaemrik «)acemsakimibul BasvalBaskal efvi[mnussstvbul mcämnðléksarkm<úca 31

34 xucsuxpabrhutdl;søab;. erol sn niyayfa kñúgmyy éf ²manGñkCMgW17emsasøab;BI5eTA20nak;. GRtaén karsøab;enh minkitbicmnyngñkcmgwsøab;enatamebtüxmu tam kardæan nigtampþhet. Kat;dwgcMnYnRtwmEtkñ úgmni ÞreBTürbs; Kat;Etb: uenñah. GñkCMgWCaRbCaCn17emsa GnuBaØat[ mksrmakenamniþrebtü)anluhrtaetmanlixitfanabba ak; BIRKÚeBTüenAtamkardæan BIRbFanRkúm nigrbfankardæan Camunsin. CYnkalGñkCMgWenaHRtÚvGgÁkarecaTfa «RKún TnSay b RKúnjak;RKúnj½r RKúnRtak;T½r RKúnLan RKúnstiGarmµN_. GñkCMgWenAtamkg)anepIJvasnaeTAelI ebtürbcamkardæan b ebtüxmutamgrsug ebiebtüfa[rs;kwrs; «ebiebtüfa[søab;kwsøab;. bgrsi G n niyayfa tambitenakñúgmniþrebtübmuman GñkCMgWstiGarmµN_eT GgÁkarecHEtecaT GñkQWRKb;Kña XøanNas; echetlycenhlycenah xøünkat;k¾føab;)anlyc GgárdaM)ayhUbEdr. karkmnt;rbbgaharnigbgçm[efvikarhyskmøamgbnþal [ siþedletibsrmalkunryc gayttylrgerkahnuvcmgwrkb; RbePT duccacmgwxvhtwkedah CaedIm. enamniþrebtüepsg²k¾minxusbimniþrebtürsukrtamkk; Edr GgÁkarfñak;elI)andwgya:gc,as;BIbBaðaxVHxatfñaMsgáÚv xvhes,óggaharnam[rbcacnekitcmgwqwfáat;sámsáamgenh Edr. RbCaCn 17 emsa RtÚv)at;bg;CIvitGs;CaeRcIn. GgÁkar)anpSBVpSaytamviTüúTsSnavdþIfa RksYgsgÁmkic «suxapi)almankarrikcmerinxøamg suxpabrbcacnkan;et rwgbwugl )ankm at;cmgwrkúncaj;nigcmgwsgámrkb;ebbya:g enabak;knþalqñam1977 nig 1978 cmnyntarkekit 392/000nak; kñúgcmnynmnuss 7800>000nak; KWesIµnwg50PaKry. ÉcMnYnEdlsøab;mindl;13PaK Ban;eT. smnumbrrbs;bksbegiánrbcacnbi15eta20 lannak; kñúgry³eblbi15eta20qñam edayykcitþtukdak; eliksþ ÜyEfbMb:nCIvPaBnigsuxPaBRbCaCn. 32 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav RbCaCnmUldæanb RbCaCncas;BMusUvTTYlrgnUvCMgWdUc RbCaCn17emsaeT edayehtufagñkmuldæanføab;man RbvtiþtsU kalbis gáamcamyykña GgÁkarEtgEtGnueRKaH[ RbCaCnmUldæaneRcInCagRbCaCn17emsa. GñkCMgW muldæanrtúv)anttylkareftamy:agditdl;bikm~api)alebtü EdlCaGñkmUldæandUcKña. enakñúgmniþrebtü GñkCMgWmin)anRtÚvGnuBaØat[edIr rehtrhutb etanatamcitþcg;enahet. bukálikebtünwg[ GñkCMgWRtLb;eTAkardæanvijPøam RbsinebImineKarBvin½y rbs;mniþrebtü mü:agetotnariebtüyl;fagñkcmgwenahca shes,iygacedir)an. GñkCMgWKµansiT itva:camyybukálik ebtüet. mulehtuedlbnþal[gñkcmgwsøab;ercin mkbibukálik ebtü)anttylkarbnþúhbnþalepñkvic aebtürtwmetry³ eblbiex rycgnuvtþpþal;etmþg. nariebtümyycmnynfmsut Et minechgksrbmugacyl;nuvxøwmsarénmuxvic aebtüedl sresrpasa)aramg CaBiessfñaMEdlmaneQµaHCaPasa brets. karminyl;nuvpasaebtüefvi[nariebtütamgenah mankarp½nþrclmcajwkjab;kñúgkarerbifñambüa)algñkcmgw. RbFaneBTüeQµaH swum laghak; eha si k¾)anefvir)ay karn_enakñúgkic RbCMuKN³Gcié nþy_ CUn b:ul Bt nyn Ca exov smpn nig egog FIriT fa enakñúgmniþrebtü17emsa mankarerbifñamrclmcaercindgetaeligñkcmgw. karp½nþrclm bnþalmkbinariebtütamgenahminechgksr. kñúgkic RbCMu enah egog FIriT k¾ttylsáal;gmbikarlm)akrbs;nariebtü EdlminecHGkSrehIyeTAeronviC aebtübirkúebtücacncati cinedr. GIum niyayfa nariebtümñak;eqµah xn GnuRbFaneBTü )anykfñametacak;yuvcn17emsa eqµah kuk erkag RKan;Etdkm úlrbehlmyysnþúh GñkCMgWenaHERskGUy² ehiyk¾dac;xül;søab;eta. sn niyayfa nariebtümñak; )anykfñametacak;[gñkcmgw17emsa RKan;Etdkm úlecj mcämnðléksarkm<úca

35 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav Pøam GñkCMgWRbkac;søab;mYyrMeBc. sn niyayetotfa narienahminechgksrmindwgfafñamenahcafñamgviet echetcak; s~an². karbergonxagevc sa sþenamniþrebtürsukrtamkk; k¾ minxusbimniþrebtüdétetotedr vifisa sþmanetmyykt; KW karcmnam TaMgkarcak;fñaM[GñkCMgW niggakarerakrbs;gñk CMgW. enaeblgñkcmgwmangakarf n;f rmkbüa)alenakñúg mniþrebtü TaMgRbFannigbuKÁlik BMuGacmanlT PaBBüa)al )an k¾benþay[gñkcmgwsøab;tamyfakmµ. erkabibgðat;bergóngviedlehafa k,ünevc sa sþf~i GgÁkar)anRbwgERbgbNþúHbNþalnarIeBTü[ecHeRbIR)as; nigplitfñamfiµ²tamk,ünevc sa sþburanefmetot edim,i bmebjtamepnkar «mhaelatepøahmhags arü nigpsar P ab;xøünetanwgmhaclnasermc3etan1hikta edim,i ksagvb,fm sgámkic fiµ. enakñúgtssnavdiþtg;bdivtþ)an sresrfa enaepñksgámkic nigsuxapi)almankarrikcermin «xøamgnas; erbaheragcrkplitfñamenarkúgpmñebjkmbug vaysrmúkplitfñamsm½ynigfñamcatiedlerbir)as;vtßúfatu edimenakñúgrbets bermiesckiþrtúvkarrbs;rbcacn)an ecakc½y. erkabienhenatampumipak tmbn; Rsuk rhut dl;shkrn_ sut EtmanmnIÞreBTüsRmab;Büa)alGñkCMgW nigmniþrpsmfñamcagtibrmaékracüm as;kar. b:ul Bt )andak;epnkaretamniþrebtü[xitxmrsavrcavrkedimeqinig «ykrkúfñamburan[r)ab;rubmnþplitfñam. enarsukrtamkk; manmniþrebtüfmcmnynbirnigmnþirebtütamxmucmnyn12. mniþr ebtüxmunimyy²mankenøgplitsf. RKb;mnIÞreBTüRtÚv ÉkraCüm as;karelibbaðafñambüa)algñkcmgw. enakñúgkic RbCMuGcié nþy_ DIpun eha Fuk KN³bec ketsebtüef~j nigkm at;cmgwrkúncaj; )anraykarn_gmbibbaðafñamburanedl Kat;)anRbEmRbmUlrUbmnþfñaMcRmúHTUTaMgRbeTs mke)ahbum< CaesovePA[GgÁkarGnum½t. pun )anr)ab;ggákarfa Kat;manrUbmnþnigedImeQIsMbUrEbb sum,ietrbetséf k¾ykrubmnþbikat;etaplitfñamedr. fan nariplitfñamburanenamnþirebtürsukrtamkk; )an niyayfa tabun RbFanEpñkplitfñaMburaN )anbba a[ layrbmat;mnusscamyyemsaminigedimeqiercinmuxetot edim,isuncafñamrkab; ehafa «fñamgacm_tnsay. edim rukçcatifñamrtúv)an tabun nignariebtüetaesvgrkenatmbn;pmñ q ay² riérbmat;mnuss)anmkbixagsniþsuxepijmk[. erkabiplitfñamburan mniþrebtürsukrtamkk;k¾plit fñamsm½yedr. vifiplitfñamtwkkwyktwkfmµtaetabitbgðúr ducbitrsa. bnþab;mk yktwkedl)anbnsút rycetalay CamYyemfñaMtamkRmit. layryctukfñamenah[rtcak;etib Rckdak;dbbiubsIu b dbtwkrkúckukakula. enaétirkúgpñmebj GgÁkar)anbegIáteragcRkcMnYn 4sRmab;plitfñaMsm½y. erkabiparkic d¾mmajwknigkµaneblevlasrmak nariebtüenarsukrtamkk;rtúvekarbggákarvin½ynigsilfm [)anh~t;ct;. GVIEdlGgÁkarcg;[eKarBRbtibtþienaH KWsIlFm 12Rbkar. enamant EGm suxxim Bnül;BaküEx~rRkhm FatuBitCab;CitsñiT nwgmhacn³ manmhacnenacamyy bks. KN³kmµaFikarbkSmYYyenAkñúgGgÁPaBmYy ebikµan mhacnenacamyyminxøamget. enacamyykñúgn½ysti GarmµN_enACamYy neya)ayenacamyy cat;tamgena CamYy. Tg;bdivtþelx7 Exkkáda qñam1976 eyafabdivtþl ³ eyafaedlbmebjparkic RKb;mux )anl edaykµanlkçxnð eblman eblgt; eblrsül ebllm)ak eblqñh eblcaj;cabenþahgasnñ ebl QñHTaMgRsug cultirkúg k¾kµanlkçxnð. kmnt;ehtuelx108 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 33

36 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav karcab;nigsmøab;gñketascaexssgvak;enamnþirs-21 ry³eblrbmanbirexbnþab;bittyl)anc½ycmñhena éf TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü )anbegáitelignuvmnþirs-21 KukTYlEsøg edim,ixmuxamg syrcemøiy nigefvitarunkmµ CnNaEdlRtÚv)ansgS½yb rk exijfa)anrbrbwtþpþúybimaka bdivtþn_. GñkTaMgenHRtÚv )ancat;tukca «xµamgggákar. mnþirs-21mankarpøas;bþúr RbFannigTItaMgcMnYnBIrelIk. enakñúgcemøiysarpabrbs; yu eb:grki eha m:un GnuRbFanmnÞIr s-21x EdlCasaxamYyrbs;mnÞIr s-21 )ankt;rtafa enakñúgry³eblr)ambiexdmbug mnþir s-21 sßitenaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;smmitþ Giun ln ehasmmitþ Nat CaelxakgBlelx703. sys FI GtItGñkkan;bBa IGñkeTasenAmnÞIrs-21 )ansnñidæanfa eblenahsmmitþ Duc mantynaticarbfanepñksyrcemøiy GñkeTas. dmenikare)assm atxµamgenaerkayéf TI17 Exemsa )anepþatsmxan;eligñkrdækarénrbbsafarnrdæexµr. enaéf TI27 Exvicäika qñam1975 Duc )anepjilixitmyyc,ab; CUnsmmitþ Nat eha «bg03 edim,ibinitüeligtitpab rbs;gñkrdækarln;nulcmnynbinak;kw 1 Kam Tt GtIt nissitsa sþacarüqñamti2 2 g:uv va: CamnusSEdlFøab; ecjculpþhrbs; ln; Nul buer:t nig )a:n; sufi nig 3 tab; b undin CabuKÁlikGPivDÆn_shKmn_. cmebahmnuss TaMgbInak;xagelIenH Duc )anesñieyabl;etasmmitþ Nat fa «cab;b mincab;erscelibgvipakcuh. enakñúgcemøiysarpabrbs; m:un bba ak;fa enaexmkra qñam1976 smmitþ Nat )anbþúrkarrkb;rkgbimnþirs etacacmnyykaresnafikarkgt½bvij. enagmlúgexmkranig ExkumÖ³ qñam1976 mnþirs-21)ansßitenaerkamkar RKb;RKgrbs;smmitþ Esm GtItRbFanmnÞIrs-50. mktl;éf enh BMumanÉksarNamYyEdlbBa ak;gmbikar EtgtaMgRbFanmnÞIr s-21 CapøÚvkareT. enaéf TI4 Exmkra qñam1976 Esm )anculrymrbcmuelxakgbl nigelxakgvresnafm sþigmbikermagcmnayrsúvena qñam1976. bnþab;bi Esm RKb;RKgmnÞIrs-21mYyry³eBlxøI enaexkumö³b ExmIna qñam1976 Duc EdlmanbTBiesaFn_ xagsnþisuxcaercinqñamenamnþir13 b KukGmlaMg enakñúg extþkmbg;s<w nigføab;carbfanepñksyrcemøiygñketasrsab; pgenah RtÚv)aneRCIserIsCaRbFanmnÞIrs-21rhUtdl; éf dylrlménrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü. GtItyuT CnPaKeRcInenAkñúgkgBlelx703 )andwgfaenakñúgrbbexµrrkhmmankarcab;mnusscaexs sgvak;enakñúgggápabnimyy² etahbicaenakñúgeblenah yut CnxøHmin)andwgfamitþrYmGavuFrbs;xøÜnRtÚv)ancab;xøÜn bba ÚneTAmnÞIrs-21y:agNak¾eday. ck; pløa nirsakgvresnatuckgbl703 enacam )anfa RBwkmYynaedImqñaM1978 Kat;)aneXIjkgsnþisux cmnyn6nak;)ancuhmkcab; G g CaRbFankgvresnatUc enaeliekahcerminedlsßitenacitkmbg;cmøggñkelog. pløa min)ansáal;gtþsbaøanrbs;kgsnþisuxtamg6nak; enahet. pløa KitfaCakgBiessénRkúmNamYyrbs; mcäim. pløa )anbibn nafa snþisuxtamg6nak;enahmanmadfm mcämnðléksarkm<úca

37 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav nigmankamepøigrkb;éd. snþisuxbirnak;)anedirsmedakat; edim,isyrrk G g. pløa mintan;)aneqøiytbpg kgsnþisux TaMgenaH)anedIrcUleTAcab; G g Etmþg bnþab;birkelk exij G g kmbugggáúyenakñúgerag. G g min)andwgfanwg mankarcab;xøünkat;et. kgsnþisuxmñak;)anhuc)arimyyedim [eta G g. kñúgxn³edl G g eqagédttylyk)ari kgsnþisuxenah)ancab;mylédrbs; G g bnþab;mkdkyk kamepøigxøiecjbicegáhrbs; G g. CamYyKñaenaH pløa k¾rtúv cab;xøünedr ebledlbüayamediretaykkamepøigevgmyy edimedlbüürenaelicba amg. G g )ansyrsnþisuxfa «ehtugvi )ancacab;?. snþisuxmñak;)aneqøiytbvijfa «mitþég min)ac;niyaygiet. CamYyKñanwgkareqøIytb kgsnþisux enah)anfak; G g myyecigcmépþmux bnþal[hurqam srsak;tammat;. G g RtÚvkgsnþisuxelIke)aHdak;elI LanebIkecjeTA. pløa min)andwgfakgsnþisuxbba Ún G g etatina eliy. b:uenþkat;r)akdkñúgcitþfa G g BitCaRtÚvsmøab; ecal. pløa RtÚv)anbBa ÚneTAkEnøglt;dMmYyry³ ehiy erkaymk)anttylkarcat;tamg[etacba Únes,óg[kgT½B enasmrpumimux. Kg; san nirsarbcammnþirkgbl703 )anrmbjkfa enabak;knþalqñam1977 kmµapi)alcab;birbfankg GnuesnaFMeLIgeTA RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnCabnþbnÞab;. enakñúg eblenah san RKan;EtsgS½yfaGñkTaMgenaHRtÚv)anbBa Ún etamcäim. san GHGagfa erkayqñam1979 Kat;)an dwgc,as;fa GñkEdl)ancab;xøÜnRtÚvbBa ÚnmkmnÞIrs-21 rycehiyyketasmøab;enabwgecigék. yut CnTaMgGs;énmnÞÍr s-21 sut Et)andwgGMBI ynþkarcab;gñketascaexssgvak;. ej:b hu GtItyuT Cn kgkarbargñketasenamnþirs-21 )anbibn nafa etahbi CaKat;)andwgfa eb:g EdlRtÚvCab ÚnRbúsrbs;Kat; man tynaticarbfankgryepñkkarbargñketask¾eday k¾kat; minh antak;tgcitsñit CamYy eb:g Edr. ej:b hu min)andwgfa eb:g mkbermikarenamnþir s-21 tamgbi eblnaet rhutdl;eblkat;rtúv)ancat;tamg[mkbermikar CakgkarBarenATIenH. enarkadmbug hu nig eb:g )anniyayr)ab;kñagmbi suxtukçrbs;rkúmrküsar b:uenþerkaymk hu minh an niyaycamyy eb:g etotet erbah)armöxøacerkgman karcab;xøünmñak;nwggacb:hbal;dl;mñak;etot. hu )andwg GMBIviFIkarBarGayuCIvitrbs;xøÜntamry³bTBiesaFn_Edl Kat;Føab;)aneXIjenAmnÞIrs-21. ej:b hu qñam1977 etahbiy:agnak¾eday karbüayamlak;)amgbikar RsavRCavRbvtþinigkartamcab;xøÜn minemncakargay RsYleLIy. enaeliepñkxagmuxénéksarrbvtþirubsegçb rbs; ej:b hu EdleFVIedaymnÞIrs-21 mancmnartwkexµa enatmb½rxagmuxfa «bggaeb:g. enabak;knþalqñam1978 esam em:t GtItyuT Cnkg karbargñketasenamnþirs-21 RtÚv)anbBa ÚneTAlt;dMenA mnþirs-21x edaysaretbgrbúsrbs;kat;mñak;eqµah esam em:g RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnbBa ÚnmkmnÞIrs-21. em:t min)andwggmbimulehtuénkarcab;xøünbgrbúsrbs;kat; Tal;EtesaH. em:t GHGagfa bgrbúsrbs;kat;rtúv mcämnðléksarkm<úca 35

38 XMuXaMgnigsYrcemøIyenAmnÞIr s-21 RbmaNBIrs)aþh_ muneblnamyketasmøab;ecalenaecigék. hium h uy EdlmantYnaTICaGnuRbFankgkarBar GñkeTas k¾mankarrbúgrby½tñcanic edim,ikarrs;ranman CIvit. h uy niyayfa «GVIEdl RBÜy)armÖbMputKWxøacERkg GñkeTaseqøIydak;. h uy bba ak;fa BMuFøab;manGñk etasnamñak;eqøiydak;fakat;)anculrymefviskmµpabk,t; bdivtþn_enahet. cemøiyrbs;gñketascmebahbukálnamñak;gacca mulehtumyyedlnametadl;karcab;xøüngñkenah. h uy )anrmbjkfa enabak;knþalqñam1977 )a:g embba akarkg vresnafmkgblelx703 RtÚv)an cab;xøünbba ÚnmkmnÞIr s-21. h uy dwgfa )a:g )ansresrenakñúgcemøiy sarpabfa h GnuRbFanmnÞIr s-21 )anrymefviskmµpab k,t;bdivtþn_camyyxøün. h uy )annamdmnwgenhetar)ab; h. h uy niyayfa Kat;min)andwgeTfa h cat;vifankar ducemþccmebah )a:g b:uenþenamunebledlcemøiysarpab rbs; )a:g RtÚv)anbBa ÚneTAdl;éd Duc eqµahrbs; «h RtÚv)anlubecjBIcemøIysarPaBenHrYceTAehIy. h )an rksacivitrhutdl;éf dylrlménrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü. h uy )anghgagfa enakñúgexkumö³ qñam1979 Duc )an)aj; smøab; h enatmbn;bay½bü edaysaretmancemøahkñúgkar erobcmt½bedim,ivaybkkgt½bevotnam. enacugexfñú qñam1978 smmitþ Nat RtÚv)ancab;xøÜn bba Únmkkan;mnÞIrs-21 EdlmnÞIrenH smmitþ Nat Føab; )anrkb;rkggs;ry³eblcitmyyqñam. muneblrtúvcab;xøün smmitþ Nat mantynaticacmnyykaresnafikar nig bnþab;mkbermikarenarksygkarbretsedlmansmmitþ egog sari Cardæm nþi. Nat )anbnsl;tukéksarcemøiysarpabvayeday m:asiunggáúlielxcmnynbirdmuedldmutimyymancmnyn8tmb½r nigdmutibirmancmnyn5tmb½r. cemøiysarpabenh)an)at;bg; 36 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav EpñkxagedImmYycMnYn. enakñúgcemøiysarpabdmutimyy EdlsßitkñúglkçN³CakarsresrbnþBIEpñkxagedIm )ancuhkalbriecätenatmb½xagcug éf TI25 ExFñÚ qñam1978 «ehiycemøiysarpabdmutibir)ancuhkalbriecät éf TI31 «ExnigqñaMdEdl. Nat RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnbnÞab;BI s un TI eha Taj RbFan P½sþúParesnaFikar )ansresrenakñúgcemøiysarpabfa «Nat )anculrymkñúgskmµpabk,t;bdivtþn_camyyxøün. Taj RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnenAéf TI10 ExsIha qñam1978. enaéf TI15 ExFñÚ qñam1978 Taj )ansresrlixit cugerkayrbs;xøünepijtamsmmitþ Duc RbFanmnÞIrs-21 edim,ibba ak;cun bgelxabks GMBIeKalCMhrrbs;xøÜn. «lixitrbs; Taj manxøwmsarfa sumekarbbkscati «ekarbeliscivit. sumekarbsmmitþ mitþ xusehiy. Gt;k,t;bkSeT. mun mineqøiy erkayrtúvdmbgf n; eqøiy RbDiteT. sumbucacivitcunbks. sumbkskmucab;eqµah Edl raykarn_ xusehiy. mitþeyigekl et. Gt; es>giu>gab ExµresrIeT. sumsermccitþcugerkaybg s; Edl RtÚvsøab;. sumbksnigsmmitþgnuerkahdl;gayu CIvit. CaCnkumµúynisþ sumbucacivitcunbks. eday Gavn Gaextþ GaKg;supl eqøiydak;fa es>giu>ga ExµresrI. Gt;cUlCamYyvaeT. RbBn RbBn smmitþ Nat Gt;dwgGIeTbg. PñMeBjéf su n TI eha Taj. enaxageqvgepñkxagerkaménlixit Taj )ansresr bba ak;benßmcuncmebah Duc fa «esñismusmmitþkmuehkecal enhcasmelgcugerkaybmputrbs;. Ceya bkskumµ úynisþ km< úcad¾rugerogmhags arü. Ceya bksrbcacnbdivtþn_ km< úcad¾mhimamhags arü. Ceya RbCaCnkm< úcad¾xøamgkøa mhags arü. Ceya kgt½brbcacnbdivtþn_km<úcad¾xøamg BUEkmhaGs arü. h uy vnñ³ mcämnðléksarkm<úca

39 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; krniykic kñúgkarecatrbkan;gmebirmelapsit imnuss tbielxmun sn isbaøasit imnussxøhmanpøúvcaercinsrmab;[cnrg erkahgmbikarrmelapsit imnuss TTYl)annUvdMeNaHRsay. ]TahrN_³ ktikasbaøagnþrcatik¾pþl;nuvynþkarmyysrmab; bukálbþwgedaypþal;rbqamgnwgrdæ RbsinebIrdæenaH)ancuH htßelxaelibifisarsit ierciserisbiessénktikasbaøa enh. minetb:uenñah GgÁkarshRbCaCatieFVI[GgÁPaBbI EdlmanGMNacRbhak;RbEhlnwgtulakar manlkçn³ duckña EdlGacBinitüral;bNþwgTamTarBIbuKÁlEdlGHGag faxøüncacnrgerkahedaysarkarrmelapsit imnuss. GgÁPaBnImYy²RtÚv)anbegáIteLIgedIm,IRtÜtBinitüemIlkar Gnuvtþrbs;rdæeTAtamkatBVkic rbs;xøünenakñúgsn isbaøa. k¾duccaktikasbaøaedr RKan;Etkar[sc ab½netaelisn isbaøacamuldæanetmü:ag mingacpþl;ggápabtamgenhnuv GMNackñúgkarTTYlyknUvbNþwgTamTareLIy. b:uenþrdærtúv EtRbkas[)anc,as;las;fa xøünttylsáal;cmebahsmtßkic rbs;ggápabnamyy[ttylnigbicarnanuvral;smnum BaküsuMnana. GgÁPaBKMrUmYycMnYnénsn isbaøatamgenhman ducxagerkamenh 1 KN³kmµaFikarsiT imnussedlbegáiteligeday ktikasbaøagnþrcatisþibisit iblrdænigsit ineya)ay. 2 KN³kmµaFikarlubbM)at;karerIseGIgCatisasn_ EdlbegáIteLIgedayGnusBaØaRbqaMgnwgRKb;TRmg;énkar erisegigcatisasn_. 3 KN³kmµaFikarRbqaMgnwgTaruNkmµEdlbegáIteLIg edaygnusbaøarbqamgnwgtarunkmµnigkarpþnþaetas b kar RbRBwtþTaMgLayNaEdleXareXAGmnusSFm b EdlnaM[ )at;bg;témøcamnuss. CaeRcInelIkmkehIy KN³kmµaFikarTaMgenH)an TTYlsÁal;nigkarBarkrNIykic rbs;rdækñúgkaresuibgegát nigecatrbkan;karrmelapsit imnussenakñúgedndirbs;xøün. KN³kmµaFikarsiT imnussggákarshrbcacatibba ak;fa «bnþwggmbikarefvitukçetas cam)ac;rtúvetesuibgegátrbkb edayrbsit PaBBIsMNak;GaCJaFrmansmtßkic. GñkEdl ekrkexijkmhus RtÚvEtTTYlxusRtÚv>>>ehIyCnrgeRKaH xøünégcam)ac;rtúvetmandmenahrsayektrmúvd¾man RbsiT PaBtamEdlxøÜnman rymtamgsit ikñúgkarttyl)annuv smngkarxucxatpg. ]TahrN_³ enakñúgerogkþirvag mutet)a nigrbetshsaego KN³kmµaFikarsiT imnussrk exijfa Pñak;garrbs;rdæhSaeGo)anRbRBwtþTaruNkmµ EdlTegVIenHbgçM[rdæaPi)alhSaeGo mankatbvkic >>> esuib «GegáteTAelIsßankarN_énTaruNkmµenaH edim,ipþnþaetasgñk EdlRtÚv)anrkeXIjfamankMhuskñúgkareFVITaruNkmµ nigcat;vifankaredim,ifana[r)akdfa karrmelapedlman lkçn³rbhak;rbehlkñaenhbitcamin[ekiteligsacafµi eliy. duckñaenhedr enakñúgerogkþirvag ebøgw nig GuIntWr:Us CamYyRbeTsG Ur:aháay KN³kmµaFikarsiT imnussggákar shrbcacati)ankmnt;fa tamesckþ IEføgkarN_GaemrikaMg sþibisit inigkrniykic rbs;yut Cn rdæapi)alg Ur:aháayman krniykic esuibgegátkar)at;xøün kat;etasgñkedlttyl xusrtúv sgcmgwcitþdl;cnrgerkah nigfanamin[gmebirmelap EbbenHekIteLIgsaCafµ ImþgeTot. tulakarsit imnussgnþr- GaemrikaMg)anrkeXIjnUvkatBVkic Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenH erkamgnusbaøagaemrikamgsþibisit imnuss. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 37

40 I «EsVgrkkarBit GñkGtßaFib,aymYycMnYn)anGHGagfa krniykic enhekitelig ebietahcardæenahmin)ancuhhtßelxaetaeli lixitubkrn_edlbak;b½n enaeblmankarrmelapenahk¾eday. katbvkic bc úb,nñenhkñúgkaresuibgegátnigecatrbkan;etaeli karrmelapsit imnusskalbigtitkal RbEhlCamanEcg kñúgbbaøtþienakñúgsit isbaøatamgenh EdltRmÚv[mandMeNaH RsayEktRmÚvtampøÚvtulakar. X c,ab;tmøab;gnþrcati tyya:g sn isbaøa TIbI sþ IBIc,ab;TMnak;TMngbreTsrbs; shrdægaemrikbba ak;fa rdæmyyrmelapetaelic,ab;gnþrcati RbsinebIrdæenaHEp ktamneya)ayrbs;xøün Gnuvtþ CMruj b benþay[mangmebiductetaenhekitelig³ GMeBIRbl½y BUCsasn_ GMeBITasPaB b karcyjdurtaskr Xatkmµb kar)at;xøün TaruNkmµ nigkarpþnþaetas b karrbrbwtþtamg LayEdleXareXAGmnusSFm b EdlnaM[)at;bg;témøCa mnuss karxumxøünkñúgry³eblyurerscetgmebicitþ kareris egigcatisasn_calkçn³rbb½n b TRmg;énkarrMelaP RTg;RTayFMmanlkçN³dUc²Kña etaelisit imnussedlrtúv )anttylsáal;calkçn³gnþrcati. minetb:uenñah Rbsin ebikµanvifankartb;sáat;gmebitamgenhkum[ekiteligsacafµi b kat;etasgñkedlrbrbwtþbtelµis rdæenhnwgrtúv)ansnµt fa)ancmrujb benþay[gmebitamgenhekiteligcaminxan. mangñkxøhtajcagmnhgmnagfa edaysargmebitarunkmµ bgðajbibtdæandac;xatnig]rkidækmµrbqamgnwgmnusscati. ducenhrdænanamankatbvkic vinicä½ykþietaelikarrmelapeta tamc,ab;tmøab; cmenkégnusbaøarbqamgnwgtarunkmµrtwm EtBRgwgkatBVkic EdlmantaMgBImunEtb:ueNÑaH. TLðIkrN_ duckñaenhk¾gacelikeligcmebahgmebirbl½ybucsasn_nig GnusBaØaRbl½yBUCsasn_Edr. g karekcgmbikatbvkic c,ab;gnþrcati ducedl)anelikeligxagedimmkehiyfa GMNHGMNag d¾rwgmamkwfa rdætamglaymingacmingnuvtþkatbvkic ehiy 38 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; EbrmkRbkan;nUvbTdæandac;xateLIy. b: uenþetahcay:agna k¾mantrmuybgðajfa rdænanagacsrmalkrniykic rbs;xøünmyycmnynedlcgedaybtdæanc,ab;tmøab;gnþrcati mindac;xatetatamsßankarn_cam)ac;cak;esþgedr. GBaØRtkmµ krnielikelg TaMgenH Tak;TgeTAnwgkar bgðajnuvpabcam)ac; ehiyrymbba ÚlnUvGVIEdleKsÁal;fa GBaØRtkmµenAeBlmanGasnñCasaFarN³ EdltRmÚv[ mankarbgðajd¾kyr[ecocak;gmbisßanpabcak;esþgnigf n;f r. enhkwcabtdæanmyyd¾lm)aksrmab;rdæmyyefvitam BIeRBaH rdæenahrtúvetesþg[exijfa kargakecjbikrniykic KW CameFüa)aymYykñúgkarbeBa ósgasnñcasafarn³. minetb:uenñah vaenaetminc,as;enaeliyfaetirdæmyygac minsuvykcitþtukdak;elikatbvkic rbs;xøünkñúgkaresuibgegát nigkat;etasb k¾pþl;nuvdmenahrsayektrmúvd¾man RbsiT PaBsRmab;karrMelaPeTAelIbTdæandac;xatTaMgenH y:agnaenah. témøtbsñgd¾smehtusmpletatamebl evla R)ak;kas nigfnfan GaceFVI[karsRmalkatBVkic kñúgkarbþwgpþl;manlkçn³f n;f rticcagkarrmelapsit i mnuss. eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak; esckiþektrmúv enatmb½rti53éntssnavdþ elx33 ExkBaØa qñam2002 GtßbTEdlmancMNgeCIgfa ehtugvi «enaetbmumankarkat;etasemdwknamex~rrkhm? kñúg kuelanti1 bnþat;ti13 Edlsresrfa >>>ecjbilixit «esñisumrbs;racrdæapi)alkm<úca cuhéf TI21 Exmifuna qñam1979>>> sumganfa >>>ecjbilixitesñisumrbs;rac «rdæapi)alkm<úca cuhéf TI21 Exmifuna qñam1997>>>. sumgrkun mcämnðléksarkm<úca

41 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; KMrUGnþrCatisRmab;dak;buKÁlrMelaPsiT imnuss [TTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHmuxc,ab; k krnirbetsgahsg;tin RbeTsGahSg;TInCaRbeTsmYyEdlRtÚv)ancat;Tuk facarbetsedlttyl)anecakc½ybmputkñúgtvibgaemrik LaTIn énstvtsr_ti20 ehiyrbehlcakñúgbipbelak pgk¾mindwg kñúgkic xitxmrbwgerbgnamykbukáledlrmelap sit imnussf n;f r[ttylxusrtúvcmebahmuxc,ab;. enaqñam 1983 elakrbfanafibticab;eqñattamlkçn³rbcafibetyü r:agu l GalhVúgsuIn )anrbkasfa elaknwgkat; etasm nþieyafaedl)anrmelapsit imnussenakñúgrbbedl RKb;RKgedayPaBpþac;kareyaFa qñam enaebltnþwmkñaenhedr elak)anbgðajnuvvifankarmyy cmnynkñúgekalbmngcmeronsit imnuss ebalkw elak)an begáitnuvvin½ymuwgm:at;myyrbqamgnwgkarrbrbwtþtarunkmµ nigmnussxat elakpþl;sc ab½nelirkb;ktikasbaøagnþr- CatisMxan;²sþIBIsiT imnuss nigefvi[rkmrbhµtnðcalkçn³ pþac;karkøaycanirakrn_tamggs;. elakrbfanafibti Gal hvúgsuin k¾)anbegáitnigpþl;nuvgmnackñúgkaresuibgegátdl; KN³kmµkarEdlmaneQµaHfa Commission Nacional Para la Desaparicion de Personas. KN³kmµkarenH esuibgegáty:agl itl n;ducca karsmöasn_calkçn³bukál CaeRcIn RtÜtBinitümnÞIrXuMXaMg kenøgbba úhsaksbsm at; RBmTaMgBinitüÉksarmkBIGgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alEdleFVIkar xagsit imnuss. KN³kmµkarenH)ane)aHBum<pSaynUv lt plénkarrsavrcav enakñúgesovepamancmngecigfa «nunka m:as Edlmann½yfa «ElgekIteTotehIy. esovepaenhcaesovepakñúgrsukedllk;dac;cagekbmput. bnþab;mketot elakrbfanafibti GalhVúgsuIn nigspacati k¾)anbegáitnuvggácmnumcrmhkat;etasbukál Edl)anrMelaPsiT imnuss. kñúgdmenirkarenh elak hvúgsuin CYbRbTHnUv]bsKÁEpñkc,ab;CaeRcIn. TImYy c,ab;elikelgetasedlbegáiteligedayrbbpþac;kar eyafaehiyenaetmansublpabenaeliy. karefv I[c,ab; etacanirakrn_mingacetarycetenaeblenah BIeRBaHc,ab; rbs;rbetsgahsg;tinbgáab;[ecarkmbkrsayc,ab;enah srmab;bermiplrbeyacn_dl;cugecatenakñúgcenøahebl énkarrbrbwtþbtelµisnigebldak;tnðkmµ. tulakarmincyb RbTHbBaðaenHeT edaysaretspacatigahsg;tinrbkas fa c,ab;elikelgetasmanlkçn³pþúynwgrdæfmµnubaø. TIBIr karkat;etaseyafabibt]rkidæedlrbrbwtþeligcalkçn³ swk duccabtelµisdét²etotenarbetsgahsg;tinedr KWsßitenAkñúgextþEdlmantulakareyaFa ehiytulakar eyafaenhetotesat KµansuqnÞ³c,as;las;cg;kat;eTas bkçbykrbs;ekedr. edim,iecosvagkarpøas;bþúryutþafikar erkayggáehtu c,ab;rbtiskmµ EdlhamR)ameday rdæfmµnubaørbs;cati k¾manesckþisermccacugerkayfa karcmnumcrmhenasaladmbugnwgefvieligenacmebahmuxtulakar eyafaedlmansit ibþwg]t rn_etatulakarsuivilrbs;rdæ shb½n. cmnuccugerkaymyyetotkwfa rbbfµirtúvet edahrsayetaelibbaðakarbarxøünkñúgkrnikunecaefvitam bba arbs;fñak;eliedlecgenakñúgc,ab;eyafarbs;rbets GahSg;TIn. dmenahrsaykwrtúvgnubaøat[etkunecaedl KµanGMNaceFV IkarseRmccitþesaH mansit ikarbarxø Ün. k¾b: uenþ GñkEdlpþl;bTbBa amanqnþanusit ietaeliral;tegvirbs;xøün b )anrbrbwtþbtelµisrmelapsit imnussf n;f rminmansit i mcämnðléksarkm<úca 39

42 karbarxøünkñúgkrnibiessenheliy. edaysarettulakareyafabnüarebldmenirkarcmnum CRmHsala]T rn_ b UNUs EGer:s énrdæshb½n k¾snµtyk Ednsmtßkic etaelierogkþienh ehiy)ancmnumcrmhcak;esþg CaeRcInelIk. karbnüareblenatulakarshb½n myycmnyn etot efvi[mankarrmecibrmcylkan;etxøamgeta²enakñúgcmenam smacikeyafaedlkrmamfanwgminefvitamdikaekahnigdika [culxøünrbs;tulakareliy. etahbicacaj;eqñatena qñam1983k¾eday k¾eyafaenaetmansv½ypaby:agercin BIkarRKb;RKgCalkçN³suIvil ehiyrkab;rmesvk¾kan;kab; pþac;muxetot. duecñheyafamanlt PaBKabsgát;mkelI rdæapi)alfµi. elak GalhVúgsuIn manrbtikmµtbeday b:unb:gbba b;dmenirkarcmnumcrmhkþi[)anqab;rh½s ebalkw maneblkmnt;c,as;las;. enaebledlpabtantwg echetbnþ elak)ane)ahbg;karsrmbsrmületaelibbaða efvitambtbba afñak;eli nigrbkasfa fñak;namansmtßpab ecjesckþisermccitþ RBmTaMge)aHecalnUvGBaØRtkmµ cmebahbtelµisexarexaenarkb;zan³etotpg. b:uenþcugbba b; karcmnumcrmhkþipakercinmin)anbba b; RtwmRtÚveLIy edaysarknbksrbs;elak Gal;hVúgsuIn caj;eqñatenaqñam1989. tmengrbfanafibtik¾)aneta elielak em:nim EdleTIbCab;eqñatfµI. RbFanaFibtIfµIeLIg kan;gmnactnþwmebledlrbcablrdæmanetamnssnwg GtiprNahYskRmitrbs;RbeTs. RbFanaFibtI em:nim )anelikelgetasdl;cnedlrtúv)anecatrbkan;rycehiy RBmTaMgGñkEdlkMBugEtTTYlkarCMnuMCRmHkþIenAtulakarGMBI kmhusenakñúgeblmans gáam rymtamggñkedlnamgat efvi eprvkmµpg. x RbeTsbUlIvI elakrbfanafibtiedlercistamgcalkçn³rbca- Fibetyü hwnan su IeLs hswhsú )anbegá ItKN³kmµkar EsVgrkkarBitmundMbUgbg s;enatvibgaemriklatin. elak 40 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; RbFanaFibtI)aneRCIserIssñgkarcMnYn8rUb[eFVICatMNag rbs;sgámtamgmul kñúgcmenamsñgkartamgenah man tmnagmkbishb½n RbCaksikr GgÁkarsiT imnuss nig eyafa. KN³kmµkarenH)anrlayrUbragedayKµan plit)annuvr)aykarn_casac;kargvieliy. mulehtu myyepñkkwbnþalmkbikgvhkar]btßmöepñkhirbaøvtßúbismnak; rdæetmþg. karesuibgegátefvietetaelikrnibukáledl)at; xøünkñúggmlúgeblnamyyetb:uenñah cmenkékarrmelapsit i mnussdét²etotkµangñknaykcitþtukdak;eliy. K RbeTsqad KN³kmµkarEsVgrkkarBitrbs;RbeTsqadmankar xvhxatsmöar³bmbak;ercinnas; EdleFVI[KN³kmµkarenH minmanlt PaBesuIbGegát[manRbsiT PaBelIkrNIrMelaP sit imnussedlrbrbwtþedaygtitrbfanafibti haerb. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

43 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; minetb:uenñahesat KN³kmµkarenHsßitenATItaMgGtIt mnþirxumxamg EdleFVI[sakSIb GñkdwgBt man jejit jejim minh anecjmuxmkefvicaksinrsaybmpøwnuv dmeniredimtg. ]bskámyyetotkwfa rfynþd¾tictycrbs; KN³kmµkark¾RtÚvecarlYcGs;eTAeTot efvi[gñkesuibgegát KµanlT PaBcuHeTAdl;TItaMg. minetb:uenñah smacikmyy cmnynrbs;kn³kmµkar)anttylmrnpab niggñkxøhrt; ecalkargaredaysaryl;fakargarrbs;xøünrbkbeday erkahfñak;bmput. etahcaman]bskáy:agenhkþi KN³kmµkar enaetplit)annuvr)aykarn_lm itmyy ebietahcaggákar sit imnussmyycmnynmanmnþiletaelipabkyr[tukcitþ)an rbs;r)aykarn_enhk¾eday. X RbeTsQIlI enaqñam1973 rbbpþac;kareyafaedldwknameday elak]tþmesniy_ GUhÁwstU BINUeC )anpþülrmlmrdæapi)al EdleRCIstaMgedaykare)aHeqñattamlkçN³RbCaFibetyürbs;elak salva:d½r GaLinDW. rbbdwknamrbs; elak BINUeC EdlCa]tþmesnIy_ ehiyerkaymkeligefvi CaRbFanaFibtI )anrmelapsit imnussy:agyg;xñg kñúgenah mangmebitarunkmµ karsmøab;edaykµankarcmnumcrmh karxum XaMgeRscEtcitþ nigkar)at;xøün. enaqñam1978 RbFana- FibtI BINUeC )anecjnuvrkwtüelikelgetasmyyekþab RkesabnUvPñak;garTaMgLayEdlTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHkar rmelapbigtitkal. ekalbmngénrkwtüenahkw edim,ipþl; nuvkarelikelgetascmebahbukálrkb;rubedl)anrbrbwtþ edaypþal; CYyeRCamERCgb bit)amgbtelµisrbhµtnðena GMLúgeBlEdlrdæenHsi ßtenAeRkamkareLamB½T qñam evorelgetcaritamgenahkmbugeligtulakarb km~api)alex~rrkhmnigtirbwksacin mcämnðléksarkm<úca 41

44 køaycatnðitrycetaehiy. RkwtüenaHk¾)andkecjBIkrNI elikelgetas cmebahbtelµistuetamyycmnyn duccatark Xat ecarkmµ karbgágkáip½y rmelap karrsvwgrsakñúgebl ebikbr nigkarcab;crmit b:uenþ mnussxat karcab;brgt; nigkarbmbarbmban minexijmanecgfaminmankarelikelg etaseliy. Rkwtü)ansgát;F n;nuvtémøtbsñgbicmnuckw³ 1 efvi[manpabs b;s at; 2 bmepøcecalnuvkmhwgkmukynkal BIGtItkalEdl Kµann½y nig 3 PaBcaM)ac;kñúgkarCMruj «nuvékpabcatinigksagsgámfµi. edaysarrkwtüenhman ectnanigekalbmngbermiplrbeyacn_gñkerobcmggákar cat;tamgnigsmacikénrbbpþac;kareyafakmbugkan;gmnac mangñkxøhyl;fa vaca karelikelgetasedayxøünég. «tulakarkmbul)anefvitamrkwtüenh etahbicasgs½yfarkwtü enhkµansublpaby:agnak¾eday. rdæfmµnubaørbs;rdæapi)aleyafaenhtrmúv[man esckþisermcrbs;rbcablrdæ ehiyenaqñam1988 RbCa sit ienhk¾elgttylsáal;elak BINUeC. enaqñam1990 elak )a:rtisuigu GayvIn RtÚv)aneRCIstaMgCaRbFanaFibtI fµi ehiyrksatukelak BINUeC enaefvicagkáembba akar kgt½betatamsµartiénrdæfmµnubaø. rdæapi)alfµi)anbgçmcitþ crcagmbidmenirkarpøas;bþúrrbs;rbetsqiliqanetarklt i RbCaFibetyü edaymankgt½békpabkñamyyedlmankar KaMRTneya)ayBIsMNak;RbCaCnTUeTA. elakrbfanafibti GayvIn bdiesfkarrmlayecalnuvrkwtüelikelgetas nigbdiesfnuvral;eyabl;nana[mankarkat;etascabnþan; tamry³tulakarbiessetatambnþwgtamtaredlefvielig tamnitivifitulakarfmµta. minetb:uenñah elak)anbegá It nuvkn³kmµkarcatiesvgrkkarbitnigbrgübbrgümcati EdlCaGgÁkarmansmaCikesuIbGegátÉkraCü8nak; TTYl bnþúkplitnuvéksarpøúvkarsþigmbikarrmelapbigtitkal TTYlsÁal;karTTYlxusRtÚvrbs;rdæ nigbnül;gmbiggáehtu énkar)at;xøünrbsinebimanlt PaB. KN³kmµkar er:tfig 42 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; Edldak;eQµaHtamRbFanKN³kmµkar ra:gu l er:tfig «)anbinitüetaelibnþwgrbman 3400 ehiyttylnuv skçikmµbismacikrküsarnkr)al eyafa niggtitpñak;gar sm at;. KYr[sresIrEdr KN³kmµkarenH)anecjesckþI snñidæanetaeli641krni. CagenHeTAeTot KN³kmµkar plitnuvéksar1800snøwk edayniyaylm itgmbi lt plénkaresuibgegát niggnusasn_nana[tamtar smngduccarbbesafnnivtþn_srmab;rküsaredlman smacikrküsarsøab;b )at;xøün niggnusasn_epsg²etot ducca kmentrmg;epñkc,ab;nigsßab½ncaedim. edayman Gnusasn_TaMgenH elakrbfanafibti GayvIn )anbegáit nuvsacivkmµcatisrmab;smngnigkarpshpsa edim,ierobcm karesvgrkgdæifaturbs;cnedl)at;xøün nigpþl;nuvsmng cmebahsmacikrküsaredlenars;. kñúgcmenamsmngedl pþl;edayrdæenh k¾manr)ak;fanasgámedlmantrmg;ducca nirp½ysgám EfTaMsuxPaB R)ak;bMNac;sRmab;karGb;rMnig pþhsem,g. KN³kmµkarenHRtÚv)anriHKn;famindMeNIrkar[)an yurrkb;rkan; minecjpsaynuveqµahrbs;cnéddl; nig esuibgegátetkrnitamglayedlbnþal[cnrgerkah søab; edayminbba ÚlkrNITaruNkmµeLIy ehiyminyl; RBmeTAelIviesaFnkmµrdæFmµnuBaØEdlRbEhlCaGaceFVI[ RbFanaFibtIbeNþjm nþieyafarbsinebikn³kmµkarenh yl;rbm. GñkKaMRTtbfa KN³kmµkarenHminGaccuc eqµahgñkedlgvtþmanbidmenirkat;kþieliy BIeRBaHebIeFVI duecñhvamann½yfacakarefáaletasedaykµannitivifirtwm RtÚveT. enaebjgmlúgeblefvikargarrbs;xøün KN³kmµkar enhrtúv)aneyafarbkasbdiesffacayutþifm srmab;et GñkQñHb:ueNÑaH. vifiedahrsayrbs;elakrbfanafibti GayvIn cmebah bmøas;bþ ÚrenHKWEp ketaelirtwsþ IEdlfa kartb;sáat;nigsmng KWCaeKaledAsMxan;bMputénneya)aysiT imnussedl mcämnðléksarkm<úca

45 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; RbQmmuxedaHRsaykarrMelaPkalBIGtItkal. Ca lt plcugerkay ek[gatipabkñúgkarbgðajnuvkarbit. enaqñam1993 egdugadu e hv RtÚv)ane)aHeqñateRCIs tamgcarbfanafibti. neya)ayetaéf GnaKtrbs;Kat;enA kñúgvis½yenhenaetminrikcerminetamuxetdedl. g krniqµamrbmednrbs;galøwm:g; enaqñam1949 enaeblqandl;dmnak;kals gáam RtCak; GtItsm<½n mitþkñúgs gáamelakelikti2 )anbmebk TwkdIGaløWm:g;CaBIrcMENk³ GaløWm:g;xagekIt nig GaløWm:g; xaglic. shpabsuevotrbkasfa GaløWm:g;xagekIt sßitenakñúgbøúksuevot. bkskumµúynisþgaløwm:g;xagekit)an kan;kab;gmnacpøamerkaybixøüngnuvtþneya)aygmnac mcäkarebbsþalin b gáabsasnanigvb,fm minttylsáal; esripabblrdæ karkm at;sarbt man nigkardak;tnðkmµeta eligmebivit gsna. cab;bieblenahrhutdl;stvtsr_erkay²etot em dwknamrwgttwgnwgsm<afektrmg;nana EdlminxusKñab:unµannwg GtItshPaBsUevotEdlFaøb;BiesaFn_eTAelIneya)ay epøah «glasnost Edlmann½yfa «karebikcmh nig «perestroika Edlmann½yfa «sßabnaeligvij. enaqñam1961 safarnrdærbcafibetyügaløwm:g;)an sagsg;rbgtirkúgeb rlamg edim,itb;karhurculéncn eposxøünbitirkúgeb rlamgxagekitculmkxaglic. qµamrbmedn)anttylbba a[)aj;smøab;cntamglaynaedl b:unb:grt;qøgtamrbmedn. TegVIenHeFVI[mnusSsøab;RbmaN 200nak;. enaqñam1989 RbCaBlrdæenAsgxagCBa amg TIRkúgEb rlamgcab;epþimefvi)atukmµ[mankarrybrymkñaeligvij nig[efvikmentrmg;. enaéf TI9 Exvicäika qñam1989 ekøagtvarerb ndib ÅkRtÚv)anebIkcMh ehiygaløwm:g;rtúv)an rybrymkñaenaqñambnþab;. enaqñam1991 smacikbynnak;énqµamrbmedngaløwm:g; xagekitrtúv)anykmkkat;etasenamuxtulakargaløwm:g; kñúgkrni)aj;smøab;mnussenaqñam1989 etaelicncati GaløWm:g;xagekIteQµaH RKIesÞón háúedon nig RKIs CU hvy Edlrt;kat;tamRBMEdnBIsaFarNrdæRbCaFibetyü GaløWm:g;eTAsaFarNrdæshB½n Galø Wm:g;. CU hvy RtÚv)an smøab;. há ÚeDon RtÚvrgrbYs ehiyerkaymkrtúvcab;xø Ün. qµamrbmedneqµah GuIghÁÚ ehnric/ Gg;eRd KUnpas;/ ém: sµit nig PItF½r esµt RtÚv)anecaTRbkan;BIbTmnusSXat nigb:unb:gefvimnussxat. ehnric RtÚv)ankat;[Cab;Kuk 3qñaMBIbTmnusSXat. KUn pas; RtÚv)ankat;[Cab;eTas BIbTb: unb:gefv ImnusSXat nigttylsalrkmbüüretasbirqñam. sµit nig esµt RtÚv)antulakarseRmc[rYcxøÜn. tulakarrbhµtnðti23edlcatulakarttylbnþúktamg erogkþirdæb,evninigrbhµtnðéntulakarrdætirkúgeb rlamg )anrbkasxøünfa kmbugetvaytémøetaelikarttylxusrtúv rbs;cugecat edayeyaletatamc,ab;rbs;gtitsafarnrdæ RbCaFibetyüGaløWm:g; edaysarc,ab;enhmansublpab enakenøgnigeblevlaénkar)aj;. tulakark¾)anbicarna etaelic,ab;rbhµtnðrbs;safarnrdæshb½n GaløWm:g; EdlRtÚv)anCMnYsedayc,ab;rbs;saFarNrdæRbCaFietyü Galø Wm:g; tamgbieblrbkassalrkmsermcetasqµamrbmedn mkemø :H. enatibba b; lt plcugerkayénkrnienhkwsermc etatamkarbkrsayc,ab;silfm. tulakarkt;smáal;fa tamc,ab;rbs;safarnrdæ RbCaFibetyüGaløWm:g; «karerbikamepøigenaeblyamtam RBMEdnmanlkçN³Rsbc,ab; RbsinebIkareRbIenaHbeRmI[ plrbeyacn_kñúgkartb;sáat;min[mankarsmøab;edlcit mkdl; b karbnþrbrbwtþbtelµisrbhµtnðedl ebitam kal³ets³cak;esþg emiletahak;duccabt]rkidæb srmab; karedjcab;mnussedlmankarsgs½yxøamgemnetnfabit Ca)anRbRBwtþbTelµIs. pþúymkvij bbaøtþic,ab;enakñúgrdæ FmµnuBaØrbs;saFarNrdæRbCaFibetyüGaløWm:g;sþIBIkar karbarcivit burnpabxagragkaynigsuxpab efvi[tulakar mcämnðléksarkm<úca 43

46 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; sermcfa karerbikamepøiggacgnubaøat)anetatamkar pþnþaetas EdlCaGMeBIKµanmnsikarbs;qµaMRBMEdnmkenA ENnaMy:aghµt;ct;BIsMNak;eKalkarN_smamaRtPaB. kñúgkarsermcecjsalrkmepsg² tulakar)ancat;tuk edayep ketatamekalkarn_enh nig sµartiénsafarn fa kargb;rmqµamtamgenahgmbi «RbB½n GnuvtþGMeBIGmnusSFm «CnTUeTA tulakarsermckñúglkçn³cac,ab;catiminlay edaybgçmedlmanbasebjsafarnrdærbcafibetyü lkçn_gksrfa skmµpabrbs;qµamtamgenahkwgacpþnþaetas GaløWm:g; KWCaktþasRmaleTasmYy. RBhµTNÐ)an. enartg;cmnucenh tulakarrdætirkúgeb rlamg y:agehacnas;mangñkgtßafib,aymñak;)ankt; )anrsg;ykc,ab;rbs;tulakarshb½n Galø Wm:g;EdlEcgfa³ smáal;etaelikarlm)akcmebahfmµafibetyü Edlbgáeday «tamsµartirbs;rbcacatiedlmangriyfm x<g;x<s; karcmnumcrmhkþienakñúgsm½ygnþrkal duckrniqµamkarbar EdlmanKMnitepSg²KñadUcEdl)aneXIjRsab; tamry³ RBMEdnCa]TahrN_Rsab;³ sßab½nc,ab;nana KWmanc,ab;eKalrYmmYyEdlEp ktam «enaeblerobcmrbb½n c,ab;rtwmrtúv c,ab;fm~caticyy TsSnaTanTUeTA EdlmanFatunItüanukUlEdlminGacrMelaP bmebjcenøahc,ab;vic man. cam)ac;rtúvetmankarb:htgáickña bmbanedayc,ab;namyy sic nigedaycmnat;karrbs; rvagtrmúvkarvifanénc,ab; nigtrmúvkarénc,ab;fmµcati. rdægfibetyünamyyeliy. c,ab;enhpþúknuvral;ekal k¾b:uenþ enaebledlsgámmyysßitkñúgkarpøas;bþúr ducca karn_>>> EdlRtÚv)ancat;TukfamanlkçN³bgÁab;[eKarB RbeTsGaløWm:g; EdlmanRbB½n c,ab;nigrbb½n silfm xus tam edayminkitfabbaøtþienakñúgrdænimyy²cat;tukfavamin KñaxøaMgehIylaybBa ÚlKñaenaH karb:htgáicrvagc,ab; smxan;b y:agnaenahet. FmµCatinigviFanénc,ab;KWBitCamansPaBFUrRsaleRcIn. tulakarshb½n )anrbkasemaxpabetaelic,ab; esckþisermcrbs;tulakarrdætirkúgeb rlamg)anefvi Edlbg ak;dl;ekalkarn_tamgenh. elabkmµetaelikarrbtamgrbetisenh enaebledlxøünxm edayerbic,ab;\tsresrcacagc,ab;vic man tulakar sgát;f n;etaelifatupsmsilfm enakñúgc,ab;vic man etahbica enah)an[témøetaeliekalkarn_camuldæanyutþifm Edl RbqaMgnwgsavtaCatirbs;sgÁmenaHEdlRbEhlCaKµan manxøwmsarercincagetaeliyutþifm tamlkçn³c,ab;. «sµartinitüanukul k¾eday. tulakarttucfa esckþisermcrbs;xøünkwefvietatamvifanén RkmRBhµTNÐrbs;saFarNrdæshB½n GaløWm:g;KYrEt c,ab; Edl minrtwmetmanpabr)akdrbcanigsuvtßipab RtÚvGnuBaØat[tulakarrdæTIRkúgEb rlamgsermceday «erkamc,ab;etb:uenñahet b:uenþefmtamgmanyutþifm Edl eyagetatamc,ab;vic manrbs;safarnrdærbcafibetyü manxøwmsarbitr)akdefmetotpg. GaløWm:g;EdlmanGanuPaBKtiyutþienAeBlEdlmanGMeBI tulakar)anbdiesfnuvkarkarbarkþiedlfaqµamtamgenah rbs;qµamkarbarrbmednekitelig. pþúyetavij tulakar RKan;EteFV ItambBa abifñak;eli BIeRBaHfa KµaneXIj lixit RbEhlCaEp ketaeliesckþisermcrbs;xøünbimun etaeli bba a[smøab;c,as;las;et. ebietahcamanbtbba a[)aj; karrmelapkic RBmeRBog ehlsuinki niggnusbaøatirkúg smøab;k¾edaycuh vak¾manlkçn³gnitüanukuledr mann½y hswenv EdllixitUbkrN_TaMgBIrenHsuT Et)anTTYlsÁal; fa vacagmebigyutþifm ehiyminkyr[efvitambba aebb edaysafarnrdærbcafibetyügaløwm:g; b:uenþ tulakar enhet. erkaybi)ansermcfa kar)aj;e)ahetaelicn min)anrbqmmuxedahrsaybbaðarmelapetaelinitignþrcati rgerkah háaedon nig CU hvy CabTelµIsRBhµTNÐEdlGac vic manedaypþal;eliy. enamant eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak; 44 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

47 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ btsmöasn_camyysemþcrbhsukn afibti byr RKI RBHsgÇraCKN³FmµyutþiknikayénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa syr³ RBHkruNasUmRkabbgÁMsYrsemþcRBHsgÇraCGMBI bbaðatulakarexµrrkhmedlbc úb,nñenhkmbugetmanpabbuh ke Ba al etisemþcrbhsgçracrtg;manrbhtrmihy:agna Edr? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ erogtulakar erogkat;etasexµr RkhmGITaMgGs;hñwg Gatµakñúgzan³CaGñkbYs GñkbYs ebi eyagetatamrbhbut dikasemþcrbhsmµasm<út esþcrtg;man RBHT½yemtþa esckiþrab;rk esckiþrbni kruna esckiþ GaNitGasUr mutita karminrcennqñanis ]ebkça kartamgcitþcaknþal. mincmebahfagñkhñwgcas IeT KWRTg; manrbht½yg Ícwg sum,ietetvttþedltamefvikutrbhbut GgÁ RBHBuT GgÁk¾esþcRTg;RBHBuT anubaøat[culkal;edr. ebieyigkitetatamrebobexµreyigtamgbibrmburanmk elakfa «kat;twkmindac; kat;sac;vaqw. myyetotekfa «yl;jatixøatc,ab;. sgámexµreyigykmkerbitamggs; c,ab;k¾erbi sac;jatik¾erbi erbitamgbir. TaMgBIrhñwgeyIg ykmkføwgemil eyigk¾minfa[xagnamyydac;xatedr Tal;EtføwgEføgemIlTaMgGs; minkyrb KYr GahñwgvaCaerOg RtLb;eTARtLb;mk minniyaydac;myym:at;)an. erogexµr RkhmminGacniyaydac;mYym:at;fakat;b Tuk erbaheyig emiletaetimanrbeyacn_b Gt;RbeyaCn_? kat;ecjetava manrbeyacn_ekitbu:nna ebieyigtukrbeyacn_vaekit bu:nna eyigføwgemilrbeyacn_hñwg. BiessKWeyIgGñk TTYlmun BYkeyIghñwg Exµrhñwg EdlTTYlmuneKbg s;ehiy. G ÍcwgExµrføwgEføgemIl etivaman)anttylplrbeyacn_ bu:nna xucplrbeyacn_bu:nna. syr³ etirtg;rbhtrmihfakyretmankarpshpsaeligvijrvag GtItExµrRkhmCamYynwgRbCaCnExµrTaMgGs;b y:agna? semþcrbhsukn afibti byr RKI semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GatµaCRmabrYcehIy BaküExµrfa kat;twkvamin dac; kat;sac;vaqw. myyetotfa yl;jati Xøatc,ab;. bu:enþ\lúv eyigkitbirbeyacn_vij faexµrrtúvkarrbeyacn_ Exµrcg;)anRbeyaCn_. cuhebifa \LÚveyIgkat; )anttyl RbeyaCn_bu:nNadl;Exµr \LÚvebIminkat; etieyigxuc RbeyaCn_bu:nNa. syr³ etikarkat;etasexµrrkhmcamyyfm RBH XøatxusKña bu:nna? KmøaténeBlevla Kmøatc,ab;nigsasna. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ enakñúgrbhbut sasna elakniyay BIerOgkmµpl KWTTYlxøÜnÉgTaMgGs; Gt;manGñkNakat;[ et KWfaGñkNaeFVIGMeBIhñwgcat;Ecg[eTA. G Icwg)anCaRBH BuT dikaelakfa setþ kmµm vipc ti stvtamglayttylnuv km~edlxøün)ansag. kmµebgeckcmenkstvhñwgepsg² Kña )ann½yfa kmµhñwgehiykat;esckiþhñwg[epsgkña etatab etax<s; GaRs½yGMeBIEdlxøÜneFVI. GMeBIEdleFVIhñwg Gñkkat;esckIþ[ Gñkcat;Ecg[ GMeBIrbs;eyIghñwg Gt;man GñkNaeT eyigm as;xøüneyig eyigefvieyigttylxøüneyig. enakñúgrbhbut sasnaelakbnþúlg Ícwg RBHBuT elakrbeda BuT bris½t. elakfa ebigñkégmincg;)anttylesckþitukçet GñkÉgkuMeFVIGMeBIGaRkk; GñkÉgQb;eFVIeTA ebigñkégcg;)an esckþisux GñkÉgxMRbwgeFVIGMeBIl ercinelig GMeBIl hñwg ]btßmögñkég[)ansux GMeBIGaRkk;]btßmÖGñkÉg[)an Tukç. bu:enþtukçhñwggt;mangñkna[et xøünégefvixøünég. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 45

48 suxk¾gt;mangñkna[ xøünégefvixøünég. RBHBuT GgÁelak RKan;EtRbedAeyIgeT. elakk¾min[eyig)ab Etelakk¾ min[eyigbunü xøüneyigefivxøüneyig elakrkan;etbergón eyigfa efvig ÍecHbuNü efvig ÍecH)ab G ÍecHsux G ÍecHTukç. syr³ etisemþcrbhsgçracrtg;rbhtrmihfa bc úb,nñenh emdwknamexµrrkhm)anttylkmµedlek)anrbrbwtþehiyb ena? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ elakrsigeba IjemIl Kat;)an TTYltaMgBIbc úb,nñhñwgehiy. TTYly:agem:c? BiPBelak eks b;kat; ekdak;etaskat; TaMgGs;hñwgCa)abkmµrbs; Kat;ehIy GahñwgKat;)anTTYlrbs;Kat;ehIy. sbvéf BiPBelakmanGgÁkarshRbCaCatiCaedIm ekechetttuc edim,inwgkat;etasdak;etaskat; GahñwgsuT Et)abkmµrbs; Kat;ehIy. ebimnussl GñkNaeKnwgeTATTUckat;eTas GI cwg? ehiykat;edl)anttylkarsresirbieket? Gahñ wg )abkmµrbs;kat;ehiy. BYkKat;k¾ecHEt)anTTYlbnþ² G ÍcwgmkhUrEhG ÍcwgeyIgdwgehIy. eyigemilcivitrbs; Kat; TIbMputdutnwgkg;Lan xøhsøab; s Is úketot eyiggt;dwg et bu:enþkat;ttylehiy ebikitetatamfm RBHfaKat;TTYl ehiy Kat;Gt;eKcrYcxøÜn. syr³ semþcrbhsgçracmanrbhracbnþ Úlfa mankmµ-pl «cuhkalbicmnan;exµrrkhm75-79hñwg etirbcacntamggs; sut Etmankmµ-plEmneTEdlTTYlrgTukçevTna? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ erogkmµ-plenh GñkEdlkan;RBH BuT sasnacak;c,as;kwecomyyrypakry. s Ik¾eday kar EdleFVITaMgGm,alm:anenH minemnefvieligedaykµanehtu KµanpleT sut EtRbkbedayehtubc ½yTaMgGs;. RBHBuT GgÁelakfa ehtuexijehiyrkmuxbc ½y. ehtubc eya «KWfa manbc ½yekIteLIgeRBaHehtuGI? ExµrRkhmekIteLIg erbahehtugi? t²rsav²g ÍcwgNa+ GahñwgsuT EtFm RBH ehiyhñwg. syr³ etierogexµrrkhmkwcaerogectnarbs;emdwknamexµr RkhmEdlpþÜcepþImeLIgb myyy:agna? 46 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ semþcrbhsukn afibti³ Gatµak¾min)andwgfaKat;manectna b Gectnak¾mindwgerOgeKEdr. erogexµrrkhm Gatµa niyayetatampøúvrbhbut sasna GVITaMgGs;KWvamancitþmk G Ícwg. ectnahñwgehiycatykmµ. «ectnahm kmµm Pikçev mñalpikçútamglay ectnacatykmµ. tykmµfmvaenanwgcitþ GahñwgehIyectna. syr³ etikaredlexµrrkhmmanectnasmøab;mnusskwcakmµ EdlbNþalcitþKat;[eFVIdUecñH? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GVI²TaMgGs;KWvaenAelIGMeBIEdl eyigefvi. kmµhñwgehiycat;ecgva. eyigmñak;²mankmµ Carbs;xøÜn. RBHBuT Cam as;elakfa eyigmankmµcarbs; xøün ekitmkmankmµmkcamyyehiy. syr³ etiemdwknamexµrrkhmhñwgk¾mankmµedlbnþal[ RbRBwtþ ehiycnrgerkahk¾mankmµedlbnþal[rgerkah? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ enhekehafa kmµbn ú kmµcaepabgs kmµcasmuhpab. eyigetarkrti eyigetarktamggs;eta TaMgreTHrab;ryG IcwgeTA. eyigetaefvibunükzinlaneyig 20 degðg IcwgeTA. GahñwgehIyehAfakmµBn ú kmµcaepa BgS kmµcabgb Ún eyigefvikmµrymkña kmµcasmuhpab Gahñwg eyigmanedr. kñúgbut sasnagt;erbibaküécdnüet. éc dnükµanet. kñúgrbhbut sasnaminerbibaküécdnüdac;xat KWsuT EtkmµTaMgGs; kmµhñwgnam[etag Ícwg GMeBIEdleyIgeFVI hñwgnameyigetag Ícwg. bu:enþmnusseyig ebieyigminecokmµ eyigrkkars b;gt;exijetkñúgcivit. rs;kñúgrküsark¾g Ícwg rs;enakñúgsgámk¾g Icwg ebieyigminecoerogkmµet eyigrs; Gt;ekIt. erbaheyigmingacedahrsayedaycitþeyig)an et. G ÍcwgehIyRtÚvmankarGt;Fµt; xnþi. RBHBuT GgÁfa xnþi Gt;Fµt; s Ik¾eday mankalebltamggs;. TwkeBlva Cn;)an varsk)an ecar)an nac)an. manyb;manéf manrtcak; manekþa vaminemnrtcak;rhut minemnekþarhut rduvvapøas;bþúrg Ícwg. CIvitrs;enArbs;mnusSG Ícwg ekit cas; QW søab;. GñkNacg;søab;? fagt;et. ehiyem:ck¾ mcämnðléksarkm<úca

49 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ søab;? ebtüekbuekswggi emilmnussminca? fagñkég dl;eblehiy GñkÉg)anEtbu:NÑwgeT sm<aygñkég)an Etbu:NÑwgmkeT etahbiebtüetvtak¾emilgñkégmincaedr erbahgñkéggs;ehiy KWfakmµGñkÉg)anRtwmbu:NÑwgmkeT rs;)anbu:nñwget. RBHBuT GgÁelakRbedAmkG Ícwg. RBHBuT GgÁelakGP½y[eRcInNas; elakgp½y[gñkedlmk Büa)aTelak elakgp½yrhutkñúgzan³elakcagñkbys kñúgzan³elakcarbhbut elakechetemtþa. syr³ etisemþcrtg;ecobaküedlfa «eborrmgab;edaykar mincgebor? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GatµaeCO erbahrbhelakfaehiy GatµaeCOehIy. s Ik¾eday EteyIgrMgab;ehIy eyig GP½y[KñaehIy erbahmnussvamaneblxus vamanebl vegvg vaechetmang Ícwg. cuhebieyigechetminttylsáal; éf erkayeyiggs;rküsarehiy. RBHBuT GgÁelakemtþa rhut RbTanGP½y[rhUt. syr³ RbsinebIGP½yeBkeTA etimnusshñwggacdwgkmhus xøünedrb et? b luhrtaeteyigdak;bin½y ducexµrrkhmg Ícwg luhrtaetkat;etas. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ cmerinbr G ÍecH cmebahrbhbut GgÁ elakgp½y[ehiy ykmkgb;rm minemngp½yecaltet G IcwgeT. Baküfa «GP½y )ann½yfaykmkgb;rm[ekcitþ EkKMnitRbRBwtþeTAtampøÚvl vij. duccaggáúlimarg ÍcwgEdr RBHBuT GgÁeTAbBaÄb;kuM[ GgÁúlImar hñwgefvikargarkk; Et elakykmkgb;rm[bys hñwggb;rmmyyehiy. EteyIgmin Emnfa[mkbYsG IcwgeT eyiggacfamkculgb;rmetatampøúv sgámedleyigrtúvkar EdleyIgnaMKñaCYyksagCati eta tampøúvnaedll G ÍcwgeTA. minemnfagp½yehiy[ena Éeka minemng ÍcwgeT KWfaGP½yeK[cUlkñúgsgÁm Gb;rM Kña[edIrtampøÚvCamYyKñaeLIgvijNa+. syr³ munenhsemþcrbhsgracçracmanrbhbnþúlfa emdwk namexµrrkhm)anttylkmµrbs;ekehiy eday)anttylkar s b;ex<imgicaedim. bu:enþ RBHkruNayl;fadUcCaman KmøatKñaxøaMgeBk erbahcnrgerkahenaetrs;kñúgspab lm)akevtnaedaysarkarrgerkahtamgbirbbex~rrkhmmk ehiyemdwknamexµrrkhmrs;edayesckiþsuxsb,ay rs;edaymanrtbübribun nigmanesripab. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GatµaniyayerOgpøÚvcitþ. smbk eyiggt;dwget. smbkeyigemilvamyy bu:enþxagkñúg sac; xagkñúgenhvay:agem:ceyiggt;dwg. fa\lúvebismøab;exµr RkhmTaMgGs;hñwg ehiyra sþhñwg)anfurrsaleligvij RsYl GahñwgRbeyaCn_ehIy ebifaefvig Ícwg)anTTYl RbeyaCn_ GahñwgExµrTaMgGs;KñaKiteTA. ebifa \LÚvEn+ ra sþrkmkbigñkégbu:nµannak;hñwg GñkÉgsuxcitþ[eKkat; etaseta edim,i[ra sþekbu:nµanlanhñwgeksuxsb,ayelig vij. RbsinebIcab;BYkGs;hñwgykeTAeFVIeTasGs;eTA ehiyra sþexµrbu:nµanlanhñwg)ansuxsb,ay GahñwgvaCa RbeyaCn_ehIy. syr³ etisemþcrbhsgçracmanrbhtrmihfakarpshpsa CatimansarsMxan;bu:nNa? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ Gatµamindwgfay:agem:ceT. \LÚv mindwgfaecalkñaetaéna mindwgfayketatukéna dak; kenøgna \LÚvhñwgykeTAdak;kEnøgNa yketatukéna GatµamindwgeqøIyfay:agem:ceT. KYrb minkyry:agem:ck¾tal; EteyIgTaMgGs;KñaRBmeRBógKña mñak;égeqøiymin)an. enh vaminemnerogékcn minemnerogpþal;xøün vacaerogcati eyigtamgmulpg GnþrCatipg. syr³ etisemþcrbhsgçracrtg;rbhtrmihfa Rbvtiþsa sþ GMBIerOgExµrRkhmKYrEtRtÚvniyaytTAeTot b KYrEtbMePøc ecal? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ Rbvtiþsa sþhñwgvag ÍcwgeTAehIy GñkNaeKniyayk¾niyayeTA GñkNaeKminniyayk¾min niyay GahñwgeyIghamXat;k¾min)an. ekcg;niyayk¾ niyay. enhcaerogcarbvtiþsa sþetaehiy echet mcämnðléksarkm<úca 47

50 niyayhurehg ÍcwgeTA. syr³ etikyrcgrkgtukb k¾min)ac;cgrkgrbvtiþsa sþgmbi rbbexµrrkhm? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GahñwgvaRbvtiþsa sþ RBHBuT GgÁ elaksemþgfm mk elaketaer)asgñkna² sresrmk ebiming ÍcwgRBHGgÁeTAeTsna[GñkNasþab; )anfm ÉNa ykmkniyay eyig)angimkeron elaketarbedafaem:c ehiygñkenahefviem:c GñkenaHeFVIGaRkk;em:c RBHBuT GgÁ elaktb;sáat;y:agem:c RBHBuT GgÁelakTb;sáat;GñkhñwgkuM [efvigmebigarkk; [GñkhñwgcUlmkeFVIGMeBIl. esovepatamg Gs;EdleyIgsikSamkhñwgvaCaRbvtiþTaMgGs;ehIy. syr³ etirtg;manrbhtrmihfakarsiksagmbirbvtiþsa sþexµr RkhmCakarqáwHkkayerOgQWcab;ykmkrMB kvijet? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ eyigfaqwk¾)an faminqwk¾)an. RBHBuT GgÁelakmanbnÞÚlfa GtItkalknøgputeTAehIykuM ykmkkitcagarmµn_ bc úb,nñrtúvxmrbwgefvi GnaKtminTan; dl;kum[edksgçwm. erbahem:c? erbahgtitkalducexµac søab;g Ícwg. exµac ebieyigminkb; eyigechetkan;brhut G IcwgeTA vas úygesacdl;xøüneyigetot Gt;GñkNaenACit )anet. G ÍcwgykeTAkb;eTAGtIthñwg. ebignaktmintan; mkdl; eyigkumsgçwmfamkcagi² vamin)anduccitþeyigeta CaTukçeTot. RBHBuT GgÁelakfa bc úb,nñxmrbwg degðimdk ecjcul eblenhefvigi KitGI BicarNaGI eblhñwg. kum cames k Es kk¾gnaktedr ehiykumkitbimsilmij Gahñwg GtItEdr. \LÚvhñwgeFVIGI kmbugefvigi KiteFVIGIeFVI\LÚvhñwgeTA ERkgelavasøab;munnwg)aneFVIkarhñwgeTA. RBHBuT GgÁelak fag Ícwg. syr³ bu :Enþ RBHkruNayl;fa karedleyigbmepøcgtitkal myy minyurminqab;et GtItkalenaHnwgRtLb;mkkb;xøÜn eyigmþgetot. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ elakrsiyl;g ÍcwgEtRBHBuT GgÁ elakgt;yl;g Ícwg. s Ik¾eday ebicb;ehiykwvacb;ehiy. 48 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ s Ik¾eday vaminedlekitbirdg søab;etavamingacekitmk vijet. GatµaminmanCMenO erbahgatµaminecofaexµacrs; minecofaexµacedlekyketadutehiyvamkpáúmrs; mkefvi eyigvij minmanet. eblevlavaput vaxus vagacman eqµahhñwggihñwgemn bu:enþkargarvaxuskñatamggs;. enh GatµamineCOeT GatµasUmbdiesF minecoet EdleyIg cg;[em:«cg;[ciduncitaeyigrs;mkenacmueyigvij Kat;Gt; mk)anesah. syr³ bu:enþ RBHkruNaeCOBaküfa rkasadan. «semþcrbhsukn afibti³ GahñwgBaküEdleyIgniyayG Ícwg \LÚvsaminsavaenAelIeyIgeT. etieborrmgab;edaykarmin cgebor ebiekcg;cgeborechetsaeta ebiekqb;cgebor )angisamketot. syr³ RBHkruNacg;niyayBak;B½n etaelierogpøúvc,ab;. RBHkruNa]TahrN_fa mnussmñak;etasmøab;ek ehiy CnenaHmin)anTTYlkarpþnÞaeTaseT GñkdéTeXIjdUecñaHk¾ efviedr. G ÍcwgGMeBIeXareXAhñwgvaecHEtekItehIyekIt etot. bukálmñak;hñ wgminrbrbwtþdedlet bu :EnþbuKÁleRkay² etotrbrbwtþgmebihñwg. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ Gatµayl;. cuhedleyigyketa dak;efvitukçefvietasgi mnussragcalet? syr³ RBHkruNayl;fa CaKMrU[GñkCMnan;eRkay)aneXIj. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ KMrUhñwg)aneFIVbu:nµanBan;qñaMmk tamgbi ekittwkekitdimkdl;\lúv mnussgs;xucet? Gs;ecareT? Gs;karRbRBwtþepþspþaseT? smøab;k¾smøab;ecalehiy dak;kukgs;civitk¾dak;ehiy efvigiehiy etivags;et? Gt; Gs;. syr³ bu :Enþ RBHkruNayl;fa RbsinebIGt;manc,ab; RbEhl CamnusSGaRkk;ekItrwtEteRcIn dl;manc,ab;etagactb; )anxøh. semþcrbhsukn afibti³ RBHBuT GgÁelakbeRgónhñwgKWc,ab; ehiy etsnabnül;hñwgkwcac,ab;ehiy. G Ícwg)anfa kum mcämnðléksarkm<úca

51 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ epøcbaküxagedimfa «yl;jativaxøatc,ab; Gahñwgk¾Exµr eyigykmkerbi ehiymyyetot ExµreyIgKat;fa «kat; Twkmindac; kat;sac;vaqw Gahñwgk¾ExµrykmkeRbI. \LÚveyIgføwgemIleTA eyigk¾mingacecalmyyna)anet. syr³ etisemþcrtg;manrbhtrmihfa Rbvtiþsa sþexµrrkhm KYrEtykeTAbeRgóndl;ekµgCMnan;eRkay²eTot[)andwg Edrb y:agna? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ erogtamggs;enhminmanbbaðagi cmebahgatµaet erbahgahñwgvag ÍcwgehIy. s IEdlvaekIt manehiyvaekiteta eyigechetdwgt²kña. etahbicaeyig minsresr k¾em:«eketaniyayr)ab;kunek niyayr)ab; ecaek hurehg IcwgeTA. duecñhetaheyigminsresr k¾kg;et RKÜsarhñwgeKniyayR)ab;kUneK. syr³ etirbhbut sasnagaccyygvixøhdl;karpshpsasgám CatiEx~r? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ etsn_ral;éf hñwg etsnagb;rm[kan; sil [efvibunü [lhgmebigarkk; [efvigmebil hñwgrbhbut sasnaehiy. RbwgeFVIEttamtYnaTICaGñkbYsG Ícwg. efvi GaRkk;)anTukç efvil )ansux BuT sasnaelakefvig Ícwg elak ediretsnag Ícwg. syr³ sumsemþcrbhsgçracrtg;rbhemtþabnül;bakü «yutþifm ebitampøúvsasna yutþifm mann½yfaem:c? semþcrbhsukn afibti³ kñúgrbhbut sasna elakniyaybi erog «GKti ehiynig Kti. kñúgbut sasnaniyaybierog «GKtimanbYn³ qnþakti lem ógerbahrslaj; etasakti lem ógerbahxwg erbahs b; PyaKti lem ógerbahp½y emahakti lem ógerbahvegvg. Gahñ wgehiykarlem óg. ebikalnaeyiglem ógg Ícwg RBHBuT elakfa Etlem óg evocpøúvehiy. GahñwgebIcg;sYrerOgyutþiFm. TImYy erbahgi? erbahrslaj; TIBIreRBaHs b; TIbIeRBaHP½yxøac TIbYneRBaHemah³ vegvg. \LÚvebIeyIgcg;)anKtiyutþiFm Tal;EteFVIem:c[putGabYnhñwg. san; klüan nig EGm suxxim bgsúkul]tiþsdl;vibaøankç½n CnrgeRKaHenAkñúgl agkirirmü extþ)at;dmbg mcämnðléksarkm<úca 49

52 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ kasrkyutþifm én]rkidækmµexµrrkhmminbi)aket enaéf TI6 Ex]sPa qñam1998 semþcnaykrdæm nþi h un Esn )anetabmebjtssnkic enarbetséf eday)an CYbsnÞnaCamYynaykrdæm nþiéf QYn likép. rebobvar³énkic RbCuMrYmman kic BiPakSaeTAelIbBaða RBMEdn karkrmitrbmedn CnePosxøÜn Tidæakar nigsßaniy_ varigkáisnisþwgnam. bbaðatamgenhrtúv)anbipaksaenakñúg ÉksarEdlrdæaPi)aléfehAfa «karbierkahbipaksaebj GgÁ Edlcab;epþImenAem:ag6³10naTIl ac ena vimanrdæa- «Pi)al TIRkúg)agkk. b:uenþminxusbikic RbCuMrvagemdwknaMneya)aynanaeT karbipaksad¾smxan;bmputenatirkúg)agkkenhkwefvieligs at; dac;edayelk. muneblcab;epþimebiksm½yrbcumebjggá EdlrYmmanKN³RbtiPUCaeRcInrUbénPaKITaMgsgxag semþc naykrdæm nþi h un Esn )ancybrbcumdac;edayelkcamyy elak QYn likép. PaKITaMgBIrCYbBiPakSaKñaGs;ry³eBl 25naTIenAkñúg GgÁRbCMuCalkçN³buKÁl enakñúgbnþb; «lvúrirum «. Ep ktamr)aykarn_ «sm at; BIrsnøwkénGgÁRbCMu rbs;rdæapi)aléf naykrdæm nþiéf)ancrmabcunsemþc «naykrdæm nþi h un Esn fa kic RbCuMsm at;dac;edayelk nwgrtúvkareblevlarbman10-20nati edim,i[semþc elikelignuvbbaðananaedlelak QYn likép mincg;[ beba jenakñúgkarbierkahbipaksaebjggá. bbaðaedlsemþc h un Esn cg;niyay KWbBaðaExµr Rkhm. RbeTséf)anKaMRTExµrRkhmcab;taMgBIExµrRkhmRtÚv )anevotnambenþjecjbigmnac[etaenatamrbmednéf 50 enaedimqñam1979mkemø:h. etahbicaenacmeblrbcumenhexµr Rkhm)andYlrlMesÞIrEtTaMgRsugeTAehIy ebalkw egog sari )ancuhculenaqñam1996 b:ul Bt RtÚv)ancab;xøÜn eday tam:uk enaexmifuna qñam1997 ehiysøab;enaex emsa qñam1998 k¾eday k¾kgt½béfenaetbnþpþl;nuv kar]btßmökamrtdl;emdwknamexµrrkhmedlenaesssl;. RbsinebIsemþc h un Esn cg;cab;xøünemdwknamexµrrkhm EdlenAsl;ykeTAkat;eTasdUcEdlsemþc)anesñIeLIg esþiretmyyqñamknøgmk semþccam)ac;rtúvetniyaycamyy éfetib)an. GVIEdlsemþc h un Esn esñienakñúgkic RbCuMenaH efvi[ m nþiéfmankartk;søúty:agxøamg. eyagtaméksarénkic RbCuMenaH semþc h un Esn )anmanrbsasn_etakan;smpakirbs;semþcfa karcmnum CRmHkþIemExµrRkhmenAEtCabBaðaekþAKKuknigCabBaða neya)ayenaeliy. semþcmankarrbüy)armöfa bbaða enhgacnwgelgefvi[mankarcab;garmµn_mkelikare)ah eqñatedlxitcitmkdl;ehiyenah. bbaðatulakargnþrcati emiletahak;duccasµúrksµajnas;. vagackøaycabbaða crmúgcrmas;myyrvagmhagmnacnana BIeRBaHfacinenAEt bnþrbqamgcmtas;etanwgkmnitbegá IttulakarGnþrCatienAeLIy. duecñhrbsinebi tam:uk/ nyn Ca nig exov smpn Gac)at;xøÜn bbaðanwgkan;etrbesircagenh. shrdægaemrikcg;)an xøüngñktamgenh b:uenþ mangarmµn_fa emdwknamtamgbinak;enh nwgminrbkl;xøün[et etahcasßitkñúglkçxnðnak¾eday. RbsinebIGñkTaMgbIGacRtÚv)anlak;bMBYnkEnøgNaEdleK mingacrkexij enahvanwgkøaycadmenahrsaymyyd¾ mcämnðléksarkm<úca

53 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ RbéBbMput. semþc h un Esn bnþsyrgmbibbaðavitüúpsaysmelg rbs;exµrrkhm. semþc)anbba b;edaysyrbba ak;fa eti «shrdægaemrik)anesñ ICabBa IeQµaHmkrdæaPi)aléfb et?. elak QYn likép EdlCaGñkEkTRmg; nigcaemdwk nammñak;kñúgcmenamemdwknammyycmnyntucedlkµanéksar bba ak;famankarbak;b½n CamYyExµrRkhmenaH )aneqøiytb vijfa «rdæapi)alshrdægaemrik)antak;tgcapøúvkar CamYyRbeTséfrYcehIyBak;B½n nwgbbaðaexµrrkhm tamgbi mun b:ul Bt søab;emø:h. b:uenþshrdægaemrikmintan;)andak; CUnnUvbBa Iraynamrbs; «CnEdleKcg;cab;xøÜn enahet. naykrdæm nþiéf)ancrmabcunsemþc h un Esn fa b:ul Bt minrs;enaelitwkdiéfet ehiyrbsinebi b:ul Bt )anqøg kat;rbmedn b:ul Bt RbEhlCaRtÚvcab;xøÜnrYceTAehIy erkamc,ab;rbqamgnwgkarercotcultwkdiéfedayxusc,ab;. naykrdæm nþiéf QYn likép )ancrmabsemþcnayk rdæm nþi h un Esn fa elakminedl)ancybmuxemdwknam ExµrRkhmNamñak;eLIy ehiyelaketgetefvi[manpab c,as;las;kñúgtmnak;tmngcamyyrbetscitxag. ehtuduc enh RbsinebIkm<úCamanP½sþútagbgðajfamanemdwknaMExµr RkhmnigsßanIy_viTüúpSaysMeLgb Gg;Etnrbs;Ex~rRkhm enakñúgrbetséf elaksum[semþc h un Esn bgðaj P½sþútagedIm,Ielakcat;viFankarCak;Esþg. elaknayk rdæm nþiéf QYn likép k¾)an[caeyabl;cmebahsemþc h un Esn fa sumcucturs½bþcultak;tgelakedaypþal;kñúg krnimanbbaðaenhekitelig. naykrdæm nþiéf QYn likép )anttylnuvkmnitminl BIsMNak;smPaKIrbs;xøÜnehIy. elak QYn likép KWCa GñkRbCaFibetyüBit² EdlRbyuT RbqaMgnwgkareRbI GMeBIhigSanigkarbMPitbMP½yenAkñúgqakneya)ayrbs;éf. eyagtamsmþirbs;m nþican;x<s;éfmñak;)an[dwgfa elak QYn likép minsuvebjcitþcmebahsmenirbs;semþc h un Esn. eyigminyl;c,as;tal;etesahfaetismenienh «mann½yy:agducemþc. mangñkxøhkitfa enhkwcasmeni EdlmanlkçN³biT)aMg cg;[ekniretsemdwknamexµrrkhm etarbetscin b:uenþeyigkµanehtuplnwgecocak;facin yl;rbmelikmnitenheliy. GñkdéTeTotyl;fa enhkwca smenimyycg;[eksmøab;emdwknamtamgbinak;enh edayehtu fa eyigc,as;camingacxumgñktamgbitukenakñúgkuksm at; enarbetséfkñúgry³eblyur)aneliy. Gacfa semþc h un Esn GaceFVIkic karenh b:uenþcmenkeyigvijefvieta minrycet. RbeTséfKWCaRbeTskan;rbbRbCaFibetyü. elak QYn likép )anniyayrcasmksemþc h un Esn vij edaysþibenþassemþcgmbikarefvirdærbharena Exkkáda qñam1997 nigerkinrmb kdl;semþc h un Esn fa enakñúgrbetsrbcafibetyü Gñkkan;GMNacRtÚvpøas;bþÚr etatameblevlacanic. naykrdæm nþi QYn likép «k¾)ancrmabetasemþc h un Esn fa rubelakpþal; mingacefvicanaykrdæm nþiéfgs;myycivitet ehiyfa Kat;)ansVaKmn_semþc h un Esn enhk¾edaysardmenirkar RbCaFibetyüEdr>>>. elak)ancrmabsemþcfa BiPB elakkmbugetbinitüemily:agditdl;etanwgdmenirkare)ah eqñatcatienakm<úca nigrmbwgfakare)aheqñatnwgmanlkçn³ KYr[eCOTukcitþ)an. eblenahkm< úcanwgsß itenakñ úgcmhrmyy RbesIrCagmun EdlGac[km<úCaerobcMxøÜnCaeRsccUlkñúg GgÁkarGas an. ducedl )ancrmabcunxagelimkehiy «fa mingacefvinaykrdæm nþigs;myycivitet ehiy nwg eqøótkasenhedim,ibegáinsnþipabnigvdænpab. vaca karsmxan;nas;srmab;rbvtþisa sþrbs;rbetsmyy. éf TI6 Ex]sPa qñam1998 minemncaelikti1et Edlsemþc h un Esn )anb: unb:gedahrsaybbaðaexµrrkhm edaysum[rbetséfefvi[emdwknamexµrrkhm)at;xøün. eyagtambnþúlrbs;semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i nig m nþiéfmyycmnyn )an[dwgfa enaéf TI21 Exkkáda qñam mcämnðléksarkm<úca 51

54 I 1997 semþc h un Esn )ansum[bubvafikarirbs;elak QYn likép KW]tþmesnIy_ qavlit yug éqyut efvikic kar duckñaenhedr. bukáltamglayedlb:unb:gbegáittulakarkat;etas ExµrRkhm nwgcat;tukéf TI 21 kkáda facaéf smxan;bmput. KWéf enhehiyedlrdæapi)alkm<úcaesñicaelikdmbug[ggákar shrbcacatibegáitnuv tulakarbiessmyy srmab;kat;etasemdwknam ExµrRkhm. naykrdæm nþ TImYy semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i nignayk rdæm nþiti2 semþc h un Esn )anepjilixitmyy c,ab;etaelakgkáelxa FikarGgÁkarshRbCa Cati esñisum[ggákarsh RbCaCatinaMykCnTaMg LayEdlTTYlxusRtÚv x<s;bmputcmebah]rkidækmµ Rbl½yBUCsasn_ nig/b ]RkidækmµRbqaMgnwgmnusS Cati enagmlúgeblénkar kan;kab;rbs;exµrrkhmbi qñam1975dl;qñam1979. «eyigdwgehiygmbikic xitxmrbwgerbgrbhak;rbehl KñaenHTak;TgnwgGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ nig]rkidækmµrbqamg mnusscatienarbetsrva:n;daniggtityueháasøavi ehiysum[ mancmnyyyduckñaenhedrcmebahrbetskm<úca. GgÁkarsh RbCaCati)anbegáItnUvtulakarGnþrCatisRmab;RbeTsTaMg BIrenH. semþcrkúmrbhnigsemþc h un Esn sum[ggákar shrbcacatiefv Ikic karduckñaenhedrsrmab;rbetskm< úca. 52 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ b:uenþenaéf CamYyKñaenH Edlsemþc h un Esn kmbug CYbRbCuMCamYytMNagsiT imnussrbs;ggákarshrbcacati elak fmm:as; ham:ab Wk BiPakSaGMBIkarbegáIttulakar ExµrRkhm semþc h un Esn k¾)ansum[rbetséfefvi[ kic karenhmingacsermceta)an. tambnþúlrbs;semþc RkúmRBH neratþm rnb T i )an[dwgfa semþc h unesn «)ansum[naykrdæm nþiéf qavlit yug éqyut GnuBaØat[ b:ul Bt/ nyn Ca nig exov smpn nirets xøünetakñúgrbetséf. qavlit niyayfa Kat; cg;efvikic karenhedr b:uenþ camkat;bipaksacamyym nþi rbs;kat;sin ehiyfa RbsinebIKat;eFVIkic kar enhk¾rtúvet[mankar sm at;edretib)an. semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i k¾)anniyay erogenhr)ab;gñksresr RbvtþirUbrbs;semþc KWelak haris emta Edl)ane)aHBum<ecjCa esoveparycehiy nig RbEhlCaKµannrNacab;GarmµN_pgk¾mindwg enatmb½rti 123 énesovepaedlmancmngecigfa esþcs gáam. «minduccaelak QYn et elak qavlit mantmnak; TMngy:agCitsñiT TaMgCamYyExµrRkhmnigCamYysemþc h un Esn. enaeblsßitkñúgtmengeyafa elak qavlit TTYlxusRtÚvpÞal;xøÜnedIrtYnaTICaGnþrkarIrvagRbeTscin CamYynwgfñak;dwknaMExµrRkhmsMxan;²TTYlbnÞúkEpñkP½sþúPar mcämnðléksarkm<úca

55 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ nighirbaøvtßú. qavlit )anbegáitnigrkb;rkgggápabeyafa cmnynbirttylkic karedahrsaycamyyexµrrkhm. m nþiéfmyycmnynedlcitditcamyyelak qavlit bba ak;dmenirerogrbs;semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i. CMnYykarpÞal;rbs;elak qavlit )anniyayfa «elak qavlit )anyl;rsb b:uenþkat;kwcamnussedlminføab; niyayfaetcamyynrnamñak;eliy. Kat;minEdlyk KMnitenHeTAKiteT. KµankasnwgrkSakarsm at;énepnkar enhet ehiyenaex]spa qñam1998 eyigrbehlca mingaccab;emdwknamexµrrkhm)anet etahcaeyigcg;cab; k¾eday. eyigkyret )anculetakñúgtwkdi km< úca etibcab;)an. eyigkµanehtupl efviduecñheliy. elak qavlit nigrbetséf )an snñ idæancacugerkay fa RbeTséfKµanGVI KYr[P½yxøacCamYy nwgtulakargnþrcati ExµrRkhmeT. Cak; Esþg semþc h un Esn mangarmµn_ epsgbienh. CapøÚvkarkarcrcarvagGgÁkarshRbCaCatinigkm<úCa kñúgkarbegáittulakarcrmúhsrmab;kat;etasemdwknamexµr Rkhm RtÚv)ankat;pþac;enAExkumÖ³knøgeTA edaysarkar mincuhsrmúgkñaetaelibbaðabec ketsmyycmnyn. EttamkarBit GgÁkarshRbCaCatihak;seRmccitþ fa GñkEdlxøÜnkMBugEtcrcaCamYyminEmnsEmþgecjeday sut citþeliy. ebivinicä½yetatamkartak;tgrvagsemþc h un Esn CamYyelak QYn likép nig qavlit GgÁkarshRbCa- CatieFVIenHRtwmRtÚv. KµanP½sþútagNaRbesIrCagP½sþútag énkgvhsut citþrbs;semþc h un Esn Edlb:unb:geFVI[em dwknamexµrrkhm)at;xøün etahca)at;xøünemnetnb elg² k¾eday CaCagebIksvnakarCMnuMCRmH]RkidækmµTaMgLay Edlsemþc h un Esn xøünégføab;)anerbobefobmþgehiy etanwg]rkidækmµrbrbwtþedaybyknahsúienah. rhutdl;exkumö³ Gs;ry³eBl4qñaMehIyEdlsemþc h un Esn namggákarshrbcacaticiheliru:l½rkusþ½r culkar bu :l Bt egog sari BiPakSaEdlecHEtERbRbÜlrhUt Edlhak;bIdUcCaeFVI dmenirminechqb;esah. mþgsemþcmanrbsasn_fasemþc cg;[mantulakar mþgsemþcrbkasfacg;«kb;gtitkal. duecñhehiy)ancaenakñúgkarcybcumkñacméf bunünuegl qñam1998 CamYy nyn Ca nig exov smpn semþccat;tuk GñkTaMgBIrenHdUcCavIrCn minemnca]rkidæcnet. semþc manrbsasn_fa KµanemdwknaMExµrRkhmNamYynwgRtÚv mcämnðléksarkm<úca 53

56 raramgmin[culxøünenakñúgtulakaret b:uenþerkaymketot semþcmanrbsasn_fa minrtúvcab;xøün egog sari et. semþcmanrbsasn_fa semþccg;)annuvkarcmnumcrmhkþi EdlmankRmitGnþrCati b:uenþerkaymkbdiesfminrbm bba ÚlnUvbBaØtþicaM)ac;nanaenAkñúgc,ab;edIm,I[manecARkm RBHraCGaCJa nigtirbwksac,ab;ékracü. semþc)ankmrammþg ehiymþgetotfanwgqb;crca b:uenþ)anculxøünvijerkaybi Taj)annUvsm,TanBIGgÁkarshRbCaCati b GnþrkarI CnCatiGaemrikaMgdUcCaelak cn EXrI CaedIm. mann½yfa semþctamrkerogminechcb;minechehiytal;etesah. emiletarbehlcafa sbaøad¾c,as;bmputénkarraramg KWkarGHGagCajwkjyrbs;semþcEdlfa s gáamsuivil nwgekiteligsacafµ IRbsinebIemdwknaMExµrRkhmRtÚvcab;xø Ün. m nþieyafaenakñúgcyrkgt½bnigknbksrbcacn bdiesf ecalnuvehtuplenh edayniyayfa ExµrRkhmminGacpþúM KñasaCafµIedIm,Its UeToteT. ExµrRkhm)ansøab;yUrNas; ehiy elikelgetmankrninamyyedlcam)ac;rtúver)ah Ex~rRkhm[rs;eLIgvijedIm,IbeRmIeKalbMNgneya)ay. cugbba b;hak;duccafa yut sa sþrbs;semþc h un Esn echetbnþbnüarebl ehiyttyl)anecakc½y rhut mkdl;sbvéf enh RbEhlCasgÇwmfa emdwknamexµrrkhm nwgsøab;edaysargayukalmuneblrbqmmuxnwgkarkat; etas. Cak;Esþg emdwknamexµrrkhmmñak;)ansøab;)at;eta ehiy KW Ek Bk. karbnüareblesþiretmyyqñam enakñúgkar Gnum½tCaelIkcugeRkaynUvc,ab;kñúgRsukEdlCakarcaM)ac; kñúgkarbegáitggácmnumcrmhenah hak;duccaepñkmyyén yut sa sþrbs;semþc h un Esn Edr. \LÚvenHTMngCafa semþc h un Esn mincg;)an kar «kat;etas ExµrRkhmeT EdlenHminEmnkñúgn½yfa Bakü «kat;etas enh RtÚv)anyl;BIsMNak;GñkEdlmanFøab;dwg c,as;gmbitulakarékracünigminlem ógenahet. erkaybi karts UsVitsVajGs;CaeRcInqñaMknøgmk semþckøaycaem 54 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ dwknamkm<úcaedlkµancemøahetot. RbeTscinEdlCamitþfµI rbs;semþc )anbdiesfy:agdac;ghgáaretaelibbaðabegáit tulakaredlminrkb;rkgtamlkçn³neya)ay. Cak; Esþg semþc)anrbemilfa karcmnumcrmhkþibitr)akdedl mingactssn_tay)annigmanlkçn³rej:réj:enahminemn CaplRbeyaCn_neya)ayrbs;semþceLIy. cuhehtugvi)ancasemþc h un Esn cuhhtßelxaeli smenietakan;ggákarshrbcacati cuhéf TI21 Exmifuna qñam1997 efvigvi? cemøiyedltmngcartwmrtúvkwfa semþc h un Esn cat;tukfatulakarkwcagavufrbqamgnwgxµamg neya)ayrbs;semþc. enaéf TI21 Exmifuna qñam1997 RbEhlCasemþceqøIyeKcBIGVIEdlxøÜn)ansnüaBImunmkk¾ mindwg. CeRmIsTImYyrbs;semþcKW[RbeTséfeFVI[em ExµrRkhm)at;xø Ün duecñhehiy)ancasemþcesñ IeTA qavlit. RbsinebIkic karenhmingacetaryc semþcnwgerbir)as; tulakaredlr:ab;rgedayggákarshrbcacati CaGavuF myykñúgcmenamgavufnanakñúgkarkemþcexµrrkhmedlca clnaneya)ay ehiyvamanerkahfñak;nas;rbsinebi semþcmin)ancuhhtßelxa. semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i mangmnrsatrnas;gmbikarcab;xøün b:ul Bt RbKl;eTA[shKmn_GnþrCati. RbsinebIsemþcRkúmRBH )ansermckic karenhkñúgkrnimankarcmtas;bisemþc h un Esn enah semþcrkúmrbhnwgr)akdcaqñheqñatenagantþi bnþab;. semþcrkúmrbhnwgkøaycamnussedlttyl)ankar culcitþcagekenakñúgshkmn_gnþrcati. b:uenþbirs)þah_bnþab;mk semþcrkúmrbh neratþm rnb T i RtÚvnireTsxøÜn cmenkknbksh VúnsuinbuicRtÚv kemþc GaCIBneya)ayrbs;semþcRkúmRBHRtÚvKMramkMEhg. erkamkardwknambismnak;rbetscb:un shrdægaemrik )aramg niggursþali GgÁkarshRbCaCatiRtLb;mk RbeTskm<úCamþgeToteRkamsm<aFmYy[eFVIy:agNabBa b; [)annuvkic RBmeRBogCamYysemþc h un Esn etaelikar mcämnðléksarkm<úca

57 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ begáit tulakarcrmúh myyedim,ikat;etasemdwknamexµr «Rkhm. \LÚvenHCb:unkMBugEterobcMdMeNaHRsaymYy srmab;culrymenakñúgmhasnñi)atggákarshrbcacatiena Extula EdldMeNaHRsayenHnwgesñIb CMruj[elak kuhv I GaNan; ebikkarcrcasacafµicamyyrdæapi)alkm<úca. RbsinebIKµankarpøas;bþÚrrUbmnþ «mtipakercinelislb; edim,i Tb;sáat;karsRmbsRmÜltampøÚvneya)ayeTenaH b KµansBaØaRbkbedaysuT citþbismnak;semþc h un Esn et dmenahrsayenhnwgmanbbaðaminxan. sut citþkwcabbaðad¾smxan;enakñúgkic xitxmrbwgerbgbnþeta etot edim,ibegáittulakarmyy. karyl;rsbetatam rubmnþ[manecarkmexµrpakercin nige)ahbg;ecalnuvkar TamTarsu M[manRBHraCGaCJaÉkraCüenaH mann½yfa GgÁkar shrbcacati)anrbkl;karrkb;rkgrbs;xøünetakñúgdmenir karcmnumcrmhkþietatamrbb½n neya)ayrbs;km<úcarycersc etaehiy. RbsinebItulakarcRmuHdUcEdl)anRbemIl BImunenaHRtÚv)anbegáIt\LÚvenHEmn GgÁkarshRbCaCati nwgkµanpøúvrkb;rkgetaelignþrakmn_rbs;semþc h un Esn etaeliecarkmrbhracgacjanigemfavikarbarcugecateliy. GgÁkarshRbCaCatidwgc,as;Nas;fa KµanecARkmb RBHraCGaCJaExµrNamñak;GacecjsalRkm b ecjdika ecatrbkan;edaykµankaryl;rbmbisemþc h un Esn enahet. \LÚvenH eyigdwgehiynuvgnþrakmn_rbs;semþc h un Esn CamYynwgRbeTséf enaexmifuna qñam1997 nigenaex]spa qñam1998. KµanpøÚvnwgdwgfamandMeNaH Rsayb:unµanEdlsemþc)anBiPakSaCamYyRbeTsepSg² etoteliy. rdæcaercinedl)ansµ½rkcitþpþl;nuvecarkm EdlnwgRtÚveFVICarbgkarBarkarb:unb:geRCótERCkcUl burnpabrbs;dmenirkarcmnumcrmhkþi )ansemþgnuvqnþ³kal BIGtItkalkñúgkaredaHRsayCamYyrdæaPi)alkm<úCa duccarbetscinedlmankarcab;garmµn_xøamgcmebahlt pl cugerkayecjbiggácmnumcrmh nigedl)anbeba jnuvqnþ³ cg;pþl;nuvecarkmmk[tulakarcrmúh. edayminkabsgát;[ggákarshrbcacatipþl;nuv sm,tanefmetot vadl;ebledlcb:un shrdægaemrik )aramg niggu sþali R)ab;eTAsemþc h un Esn [bgðaj[ c,as;fasemþcbitcar)akdrbcaetaelibbaðaenh. vifil bmputsrmab;efvikic karenhkwsum[semþcgnubaøat[tulakar km<úcaerbic,ab;km<úcakñúgkaresuibgegát ecatrbkan; nigcab; xøün emdwknamexµrrkhmtamggs;edltak;tinnwgp½sþútagedl manrsab;. Cakarc,as;Nas; bukáledlnwgmaneqµahkñúg bba ImandUcCa nyn Ca/ egog sari nig exov smpn. RbsinebIsemþc h un Esn BitCacg;)anyutþiFm srmab;rbcacnkm<úca semþcnwgefvigvimyy[qab;rh½s edim,ifanafa emdwknamkmú<catamgbinak;edlbgákarqwcab; TukçevTnamkelIRbCaCnkm<úCa BitCaRtÚvcUlKuky:agBit R)akd. TegVIenHnwgkøayCasBaØamYyc,as;bBa ak;bisut citþ rbs;semþc EdlGaceFVI[GñkEdlecHEtsgS½ymanCMenO fa TIbMputsemþc h un Esn BitCaR)akdRbCakñúgkarbBa b; subingarkk;edljamjirbetskm<úcarhutmkdl;bc úb,nñ. maneteblenahetedlggákarshrbcacatigacecotukcitþ fa karculrymrbs;xøünenakñúgtulakarenhgaccyy[rbcacn km<úcarkexijfa etism½yd¾yg;xñgenahekiteligeday rebobna ehiymkbiehtugvi. erbd Gadam BaküesøakEx~rRkhm RbyuT rvagvnñ³ manvnñ³xøhttylc½ycmñh ehiyvnñ³xøh etotrtúvvinas enhcarbvtiþsa sþ. GavuFCaktþamYysMxan; EtminEmnCaktþa[QñHs gáamet ktþasermcfmbg s;kwmnuss minemncasmpar³müa:get. bdivtþcas gáamrbcacn manetkarbmpusbmpulrbcacnet etibgacefvis gáam)an. kmnt;ehtusiksarbs;smmitþ júk sarun mcämnðléksarkm<úca 55

58 sunþrkfa rbs;ék]tþm sux Gan etsrdæm nþi rdæm nþittylbnþúktisþikarkn³rdæm nþi kñúgkasbitsnñisittamdanrbs;cmnajkarsþibitulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati PñMeBj éf TI10 Extula qñam2002 Ék]tþm elakcmtav elak elakrsi kñúgnamracrdæapi)alkm<úca sumsvakmn_y:agkk;ekþa cmebahvakµinniggñkculrymtamggs;bibnþarbetsrbmanca 20elIBiPBelak Edl)aneRCIserIsRbeTskm< úcasrmab; TTYlerobcM EdlÉk]tþm elakcmtav elak elakrsi )anculrymkñúgkarbipaksay:agsiucermary³eblbiréf Bak;B½n nwgkarbegáitnigkic dmenirkartulakarrbhµtnð GnþrCati. qñam2002kwcadmnak;kalrbt;rbvtþisa sþmyyedl RbCaCnenAkñúgBiPBelak)anseRmccitþCaelIkdMbUg kñúgkarbegáit[mantulakargcié nþy_myyedim,ikat;etas nigpþnþaetasetaeli]rkidækmµd¾f n;f rbmputrbs;mnusscati KW ]RkidækmµRbl½yBUCsasn_ ]RkidækmµRbqaMgmnusSCati nig]rkidækmµs gáam ehiyeksgçwmfatulakarenhnwggnuvtþ yutþafikarrbs;xøüneli]rkidækmµqøanbanpgedrenakñúgebl GnaKt. qøgkat;ry³eblcagknøhstvtsr_etibrbcacati elibipbelak)anrbmulpþúmesckþikøahan rybrymkñaedim,ierb køaysmenibegáittulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati[etacasn i sbaøamyyenaqñam1998 ehiyedlbynqñamerkaymketot lkçnþik³rkúgr:um )ankøaycatf³pabenaéf TI1 Exkkáda qñam2002. eyigsumsemþgnuvkarekarbnigsjb;esjg cmebahmnussrab;esnnak;edlék]tþmgs;elakmyycmnyn manvtþmanenatienh ehiyedl)anrymcmenkkñúgkic xitxm RbwgERbgrYmKñabegáIt[mantulakarenHeLIg. ducedlsemþcnaykrdæm nþi)anmanrbsasn_enakñúg EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ sunþrkfaebikfa RbeTseyIg EdlmanTMhMtUc nigman RbCaCnRbmaNEt13lannak;enaH manematkpabeday )ansßitkñúgcmenamrbetsedl)anpþl;sc ab½ntamg60 edim,ibegáittulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati. eqøótkasenh semþc h un Esn manrbsasn_fa km<úcaertómxøünryc CaeRsc edim,iedirtynatiya:gskmµnigttylxusrtúvkñúgkar begáitnigdmenirkartulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati ducedl eyig)anefvienakñúgyut nakaredim,ittyl)annuvsc ab½nrkb; cmnynsrmab;begáittulakarenh. CaBiess km<úca)an ertómpþl;fnfanmnusstamkarcam)ac; ehiyeyigrikray nwgbipaksagmbitmengnamyyd¾smrsbbmputedlkm<úcakyr esñismusrmab;ebkçcnkm<úca. TnÞwmnwgmankþIemaTknigkitþiysEdl)ansßitenAkñúg cmenamsmaciksßabnikéntulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati EdlmanRbeTsEtbIb:ueNÑaHenAGasIu ehiykm<úcakwca RbeTsEtmYyKt;enAGasIu-GaeKñy_ nigedl)anerobcm snñ isitd¾smxan;enh RbCaCnkm<úCak¾manehtuplepSgBIenH myycmnynetot kñúgkaredirtynatiy:agskmµtulakarrbhµtnð GnþrCati. ehtuplsmxan;bmputmyykw RbCaCnkm<úCa enaetttylrgnuvmuxrbysnigkarqwcab;edlbnþalmkbi ]RkidækmµRKb;RbePT CaGaT ]RkidækmµRbl½yBUCsasn_ EdlCakmµvtßúrbs;tulakarRBhµTNÐGnþrCati. eyigena Etdk;Cab;nUvPaBlVIgCUrct; ehiysum,ietsgámkm<úcak¾ enaetttylrgnuvplvi)aktamgenh kñúgxn³edleyigrbwg ERbgedIm,IksagnigsþareLIgvijnUvsgÁmCatiTaMgmUlGs; 56 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

59 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ ry³ebl23qñamerkayenh. enaeblenh eyigenaetkitkury:agxøamgcmebahmrtk ]RkidækmµTaMgenH. kñúgry³eblcagbirs)aþh_knøgetaenh RbCaCnkm<úCa)anR)arB BiFIbuNüP úmbinðedlmangtßn½y CakarrMB knigekarbdl;vibaøankç½nðrbs;gñkedl)aneck zaneta. KN³RbtiPUGnþrCatixøH)aneTATsSnasarmnÞIr Rbl½yBUCsasn_TYlEsøg ehtuenhbitcagacyl;dwg )ankan;etc,as;birbvtþisa sþd¾curct;rbs;km<úca. éf enh tamry³vtþmanrbs;eyigenatienh eyigcat;tukfaeyig minedlbmepøcbykekeliy ehiyeyignwgbuca[gs;nuv kmøamgkaycitþ edim,ifanafa kunecacmnan;erkaynwgmin TTYlrgTukçdUcGtItkaleLIy. erkaybi)anegibbirbbrbl½ybucsasn_enaqñam 1979 RbeTskm<úCaRtÚvxitxMRbwgERbgrkmeFüa)ay edim,iedahrsaycamyylt plenh. eyig)ancab;ksag RbeTsrbs;eyIgBI)atédTeT. eyig)anefvismahrnkmµ kgkmøamgnigpakicemøahtamglay ehiysermc)annuvkar brgübbrgümcati nignammknuvsnþipabebjeljcaelik dmbugkñúgrbvtþisa sþshsm½yrbs;eyig ebalkwkñúgry³ eblcag30qñamerkayenh. enaeblcamyykñaenhedr eyig)annigkmbugesvgrkkarttylxusrtúvtamc,ab;srmab; ]RkidækmµF n;f rbmput. erkaybi)anpþülrmlmrbbexµrrkhm rdæapi)al)ancab;dmenirkartulakarmyy Edl)ankat; etasnigpþnþaetasemdwknambirrub BIbT]RkidækmµRbl½y BUCsasn_. Gñkc,ab;GnþrCati)anshkarCamYyeyIg enakñúgkic xitxmrbwgerbgelikdmbugenh edim,ikat;etas ]RkidækmµRbl½yBUCsasn_tampøÚvc,ab;. kic xitxmrbwg ERbgenH)anbnþ\tQb;Qr. etibetcagmyyqñambu:enñah EdlsPaCati)anGnum½t c,ab;sþ IBIkarbegá ItGgÁCMnM ucrmhvisambaøenakñ úgtulakarkm< úca edim,ikat;esckþi]rkidækmµedl)anrbrbwtþeligkñúgry³kal énkm<úcarbcafibetyü edim,i vinicä½yetasemdwknamcan;x<s; «km<úcarbcafibetyü nigcntamglayedlttylxusrtúv x<s;bmputcmebah]rkidækmµ karrmelapbmbanf n;f relic,ab; RBhµTNÐkm<úCa c,ab;mnussfm GnþrCati c,ab;nigtmenom Tmøab;GnþrCati RBmTaMgrMelaPeTAelIGnusBaØaGnþrCati Edlkm<úCa)anTTYlsÁal; ehiyedl)anrbrbwtþkñúggmlúg éf 17 Exemsa qñam1975 dl;éf TI6 Exmkra qñam c,ab;enhcasmit plénkic xitxmrbwgerbgrym rbs;km<úcanigtirbwksac,ab;ggákarshrbcacati nigbibnþa RbeTsepSgeTot EdlrYmman RbeTs)araMg Gaemrik russi ú \NÐa niggu sþali. enhkwcaeliktimyykñ úgrbvtþ isa sþ rbs;bipbelak Edl)anbegáItGgÁCMnMuCRmHvisamBaØkñúg RbB½n tulakarcati ehiyedlrymmanecarkm RBHraCGaCJa nigbukálik bretsnigkm<úca nigedl)anecgy:agc,as; las;birubmnþedim,ifana[mantulüpabrvaggñktamgenah edayqreliekalkarn_ekarbgfibetyüpabcati nigrbkan;x ab;nuvbtdæanyutþifm EdlTTYlsÁal;CaGnþrCati kñúgrkbx½nðénsnþipab sßirpabneya)ay snþab;fñab; safarn³ nigkarbrgübbrgümcati. km<úcacardæsmacikedlmankatbvkic cm,gkñúgkar pþnþaetas]rkidækmµtamgenh RsbtammaRtaTI6énGnusBaØa RbqaMgGMeBIRbl½yBUCsasn_ ehiykm<úcamanbmngrym shkarcamyyshkmn_gnþrcati edim,ifanafakarkat; etasenheqøiytbetanwgbtdæanedlttylsáal;cagnþrcati. kñúgkarbegáitggácmnmucmrhvisambaø eyig)anxitxmy:ag xøamg efviy:agna[rsbetanwgekalkarn_bmebjbenßm Edl)anEcgkñúgbuBVkfaénlkçnþik³TIRkúgr:Um Edl)anbBa Úl nuvekalkarn_gfibetyücatinigsklpab. ekalkarn_ bmebjbenßmk¾mann½yfa tulakarenhkyrmantulüpabrvag PUmisa sþnigeynd½r ehiykyrtmnag[rbb½n c,ab;epsg² enakñúgbipbelakpgedr edayrymtamgrbb½n c,ab;enagasiu nig)a:siuhvik enasm½yburannigmunsm½ygananikm. rdæfmµnubaøénrbhracanacrkkm<úcafanabisit imnuss mcämnðléksarkm<úca 57

60 ehiymarta31)anecgy:agc,as;bifmµnubaørbs;ggákar shrbcacati nigesckþieføgkarn_casaklénsit imnuss nigral;sn isbaøaniggnusbaøatamglayedlbak;b½n nwgsit i mnuss nig sit rbs; sþinigkumar. ehiymarta32)an Ecgy:agc,as;BIkarhamR)ammin[maneTasRbharCIvit. kñúgry³kal10qñamknøgmkenh km<úcakmbugekerbrbb½n c,ab;nigyutþifm rbs;xøün edayrymmantamgkarekerbrkm c,ab;muldæan nigbegáinfnfanmnuss edayrymmantamgkar begáitsalapuminþecarkm. Ék]tþm elakcmtav elak elakrsi eday)anculcafrmanenaéf TI1 Exkkáda qñam2002 tulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcatikwcatulakarmyyedlmancrit lkçn³gcié nþy_ minmanrbtiskmµ ehiynigmantidæpab bgáarpgedr. eyagtamlkçn³sm,tþiduc)anerobrab; xageli tulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcatigcié nþy_enhkwman critxusebøktamgrsugbitulakarbiessenarkúg Nuremberg nigtuküú Edl)anbegáIteLIgeRkays gáamelakelikti2 ehiyk¾xusebøkpgedrbitulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcatinatsvtsr_ qñam1990 srmab;gtitrbetsyueháasøavinigrva:n;da ehiy k¾xusebøkbiggácmnmucrmhvisambaøenakñúgrbb½n tulakarkm<úca Edl)anEcgBIkarcUlrYmrbs;breTs. tulakartamgenhkwcatulakarbiessedlrtúv)an begáiteligetenaerkaybimankarsmøab;rgáalrycehiy b:uenñah. kñúggmlúgeblcag50qñamqøgkat;s gáamnig CemøaHRbdab;GavuFCag250 )anefvi[rgerkahrbcacn rab;lannak;. karculcafrmanénlkçnþik³rkúgr:umkwcakar vivtþcavic manmyykñúgkarekarbsit imnuss nigelikkm<s; kargnuvtþc,ab;mnussfm GnþrCati. ehtuenh eyiggac niyay)anfa CamYynwg]bkrN_eyaFaEdlGacGnuvtþ tamry³esckþisermccitþrbs;rkúmrbwksasnþisuxggákar shrbcacati shkmn_gnþrcatiman]bkrn_c,ab;fµimyy etot tamry³tulakar]rkidækmµgnþrcatienh ehiykñúgebl 58 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ GnaKt ]bkrn_fµienhnwgkøayetacagavufyut PNÐd¾man RbsiT PaB ebalkw «GavuFc,ab;. tamkarculrymrbs;rbhracanacrkkm<úcacardæ smacikcmebahlkçnþik³rkúgr:um nigkarpþl;sc ab½nrbs; km<úca semþg[exijnuvqnþ³y:agmutmamedim,irymcmenk dl;karekarbsit imnuss nigelikkm<s;c,ab;mnussfm GnþrCati RsbtameKalkarN_FM²EdlmanEcgkñúgrdæ FmµnuBaØrbs;RbeTs. cab;biéf enhteta erkayebltulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati dmenirkar)anebjeljehiyenah Gac[RbCaCatiTaMgGs; bgáar)annuvgmebiexarexatamglayrbkbedayrbsit PaB edaypþnþaetasgñkedl)anrbrbwtþ]rkidækmµd¾f n;f rbmput EdlPaKeRcInenAkñúgGtItkalEtgEtrYcxøÜn nigrmelap y:agxøamgetaelic,ab;mnussfm GnþrCati «Edlb:HBal; dl;shkmn_gnþrcatitamgmul enakñúgkrniedlrdæbak;b½n mingacefvi)an b KµanqnÞ³nwgeFVI. elisbienhetaetot karttylyknuvkatbvkic edaysµ½rkcitþrbs;rdæsmacik kñúgkarrymshkarcamyytulakar nwgedirtynatikñúgkarbgáar y:agsmxan;. eyigrg;camemilkarbkrsaylt plrbs;rkúmgñk CMnajkard¾]tþúgÁ]tþm ry³eblbiréf xagmuxenh enakñúg tfpab. eyigecocak;fa snñisitenhnwgcmruj[rbets TaMgLayEdlminTan;)ancuHhtßelxab pþl;sc ab½ncmebah lkçnþik³rkúgr:um nwgculrymcamyyeyigcardæsmacik ehiy nwgbrgwg[bnþarbetsedl)anrymbegáittulakarrbhµtnð GnþrCati [bnþbucakmøamgkaycitþ edim,idak;[dmenirkar tulakarenh[)anrbkbedaypabrtwmrtúvnigcirpab. sumeføggmnrkunrbetskanada GaløWm:g; )aramg huløg; NUEv:lehSLg; s uyegd GgÁkar No Peace Without Justice nigédkurbs;eyig Center for Restorative Justice Edl)anCYy]btßmÖcMeBaHkarerobcMsnñisITenH. sumgrkun. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

61 EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar RBat;bgb ÚnémÖR)aMbIqñaMehIy )am supa bc úb,nñ eqµah )am supa ekitenaéf TI15 Ex emsa qñam1973 kñúgrsukknþalsþwg extþknþal. «Buk eqµah )am m:ut mþay eqµah b:ul hyn. enaexfñú qñam1974 manbgrsibirnak; kalenahmñak;man Gayu17qñaM mñak;etotgayu11qñam nigbgrbúsmñak;gayu 13qñaM. «Bukmþay søab;gs;ehiy. «Buk søab;enaqñam1974. mþay søab;erkay. mindwgfamþay søab;enaeblna ehiyedaymulehtugvieliy. sumcrmabcunbgrsibgrbúsnigjatisnþanrbs; pgfa )ancybmuxgñktamggs;caelikcugerkayenaexfñú qñam1974 enabnþaytahantaexµaextþknþal Kitmkdl; bc úb,nñmanry³eblcitémör)ambiqñamehiy. kalenah mangayu20ex duecñh mingaccammuxbgb Ún)aneT. mþay ciba wm EtgEtR)ab; [echrksatémøcabgb ÚnerogrhUtmk. minsáal;eqµahbgb ÚnTaMgGs; erbahéksar)at;bg;gs; etaehiy. enasl;etsmburtkmenitrbs;xø ÜnÉgEtb: uenñah. bc úb,nñ rs;enarbetsgu sþali. mkdl;rbets GU sþalienaexkumö³ qñam1975. bgrsibgrbúsdwgetfa EsVgrkGñkTaMgGs;KñataMgBIqñaM1975mkemø:H. tamgbi ebledlcneposxøünexµr)ancab;epþimrt;mkrbetséf mñak;²niyayr)ab;nuverogr:avkyr[rbwrbücrbs;ekerog²xøün GMBIGV IEdl)anekIteLIgenARbeTskm< úcaerkamrbbb: ulbt. b:uenþefviducemþcetibbgrsibgrbús)andwggmbi? eqµah «Bukmþayrbs;eyIgmanbiTenAkariyal½yPñak;garEsVgrk RKÜsarenAtamRBMEdnéf. sg,wmfa bgrbúsbgrsi b bgb ÚnNamñak; R)akdCaqøgkat;RBMEdnehIyeXIjeQµaH xøünégcaminxan. b:uenþcagkusl Kµanbgb ÚnNamñak; mket. etahcay:agnak¾ min)ane)ahbg;karbüayam enhedr. eqµah«bukmþayrbs;eyigmanbitenakak)atrkhm PñMeBjsBVéf enh. mþayciba wmrbs; nigrub pþal;)anmk RbeTskm<úCaenAExemsa qñam2002. eyig)anexij sb,úrscncaercinedl)ancyyrkrkúmrküsarrbs;eyig. etibgrsibgrbúsmansáal; et? ebledleyig EbkKñaKWenArdUvrga RtÚvnwgExFñÚ qñam1974. \LÚvenH sumerobrab;dmenirerogrbs; tamry³rkesepñkrbs; mþayciba wm «mþayciba wmrbs; )anmkrbetskm<úcaedim,isumekµg RsImñak;ykeTAciBa wmenarbetsgu sþali. enaeblmkdl; RbeTskm<úCa mþayciba wm rkmin)anekµgrsiesah. b:uenþkw rub enhetmþgedlkat;mkrk. mnussedlsñak;enacamyymþayfm rbs; )anecj etabnþaytahanenataexµaedim,iftkun. enataexµa embba akar eyafamñak;)anedirsmedarfynþrbs;gñkftpabynþ ehiy )anr)ab;gñktamgenahfa Kat;manRKÜsarkMRBamYy sum[ BYkeKykRKÜsarenaHeTArs;enARbeTsGU sþalipg. em bba akarrubenahniyayfa CIvitrbs;RKÜsarenHlM)akNas; mcämnðléksarkm<úca 59