EsVgrkkarBit. mcämnðléksarkm<úca. TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika. elx30 Exmifuna qñam 2002

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2 TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika smburt³ RsemalyutþiFm enakm<úca >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 EpñkÉksar RbvtiþrUbrbs; CYn knßa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2 esckiþrbagekalneya)ayrbs;bkscmebahnari>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 6 TItaMgbUCnIydæantmál;GdæiFatuCnrgeRKaH >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9 bba IeQ~aHCnrgeRKaHEdl)ankemÞcenAmnÞIr s-21>>>>>>>>12 karcybsnþnarvagsmmitþ egog sari >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14 karsnþnarbs;smmitþ egog sari>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>18 nyn Ca bdiesffamin)ansmøab;mnuss >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>20 EpñkRbvtþisa sþnigkarrsavrcav enaebledlkargt;xøanculmkdl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23 fñamgacm_tnsay >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>26 semøgbimnþirs-21 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>29 GñkRsukGnøg;EvgmineCOfa tamu:k >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36 Gb;rMkumarbdivtþ RsukRtaMkk; extþtaekv>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>38 Epñkc,ab; Rkmc,ab;nItiviFICaGb,brma>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>48 evtikabipaksasafarn³ yut sa sþkarbarrbetsrbs;ex~rrkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51 TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar )at;bgrbúscagémöqñamehiy >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>57 sil,³ex~rrkhm kumarbdivtþ EsVgrkkarBit elx30 Exmifuna qñam 2002 rksasit i mcämnðléksarkm<úca GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayeday RksYgBt manénracrdæapi)alkm<úca RbkaseTsrdæm nþi nigrdæm nþirksygbt man elx 0291Bm/99 cuhéf TI2 ExsIha qñam1999 rubftrkbmuxpþl;[eday cueshv kuhvm:an; rubftéksar³ mcämnðléksarkm<úca u erogbdivtþ³ sµartiqøasévrbs;kumarxvalrkbi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 60 u kmnabü³ dac;xatkarbarrbmednkm<úcad¾bisidæ >>>>>>>>>>>RkbeRkay nigsarmniþr]rkidækmµrbl½ybucsasn_tylesøg vakµinelxenh ³ edvít eqndl½r/ eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak;/ hu y vnñ³/ kwm Ekvknñidæa/ EGm suxxim GñkniBn nigrsavrcav0³ li supl/ CYg suparit C nyykarnibn nayk ³ san; klüan nibn naykrgti1³ sy bu nsu nibn naykrgti2³ swm suriy:a GñkbkERb ³ egg kukfay nibn nayktueta ³ qamg yu RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r ³ suwm sup½ kþ RKb;RKgkarEckpSay ³ sux vnñ³

3 EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt smburt³ RsemalyutþiFm enakm<úca témøcivitex~r karcab;xøüngtitembba akarexµrrkhm smmitþ sm b it b it b r:aj; b it KWCaskm~PaBEdlbeRmI[ yutþifm b:uenþvagacnwgkøayetacaskm~pabbit)amg karbittamgrsugmyyetavij RbsinebIkm~aPi)alEx~r RkhmrUbenHRtÚv)anvinicä½yeTasBIbTeFVIXatCn bretsmunebledlrtúvrbqmmuxnwgkarkat;esckþi BIbT]RkidækmµRbqaMgnwgRbCaCnkm<úCa. RbCaCn km<úcarbman2lannak;)ansøab;)at;bg;civiteday sartarunkmµ efvikar)ak;kmøamg CMgW karsmøab; nig erkahturöiksedljamjienakñúgrbbvalbixatexµrrkhm GMLúgqñaM b:ul Bt EdlCaemdwknaMrbbExµrRkhm )ansøab; enaqñam1998. km~api)alex~rrkhmcan;x<s;myy cmnynetotducca egog sari/ egog FIriT / nyn Ca/ exov smpn kmbugetrs;enarbkbedayesripabkñúgrbets km<úcaenaeliy. racrdæapi)alkm<úca)ancab;xøünsmmitþ sm b it enaéf BuF TI22 Ex]sPa evlaem:ag7³30rbwk enapþhrbs; sm b í t pþal; BIbTBak;B½n etanwgkarvay qµk;eliexsrfepøigenapakxagt,úgénextþkmbt nig smøab;etscrbretscmnyn3rubkñ úgexkkádaqñam1994. CnbreTsTaMgbInak;enaHrYmmaneQµaH Rb Ittun m:aks CnCatiGg;eKøs / hsg; ém:exil R)aEkt CnCati )aramg nig david vilsun CnCatiGU sþali. enakñúgeblcamyykña k¾mancncatiexµrmyycmnyn RtÚv)ansmøab;enAeBlvayRbharExSrfePøIgenaH. smmitþ sm b it KWCaGtItGnuelxargénbkS kum~úynisþkm<úcarbcampumipaknirti Edlman tam:uk CaelxaenAkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü. bc úb,nñenh tamu:kkmbugcab;xumxamggs;ry³eblcag3qñammk ehiy BIbT]Rkidækm~RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati. etigfibetyüpabkm<úcaedlerbir)as;srmab; EsVgrkyutþiFm dl;cnrgerkahrbs;xøünrab;lannak; nwgcab;epþimbikarpþl;yutþifm dl;cnbretscmnyn3rub? qamg yu mcämnðléksarkm<úca 1

4 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar RbvtiþrUbrbs;CYnknßa I.GMBIpÞal;xø Ün 1 eqµahedim³ CYn knßa eqµahbdivtþ³ Nak; 2 TIkEnøgkMeNIt³ ):aristi XVII RbeTs)araMg TIkEnøgrs;enAmuncUlbdivtþ³ RbeTs)araMg ekitenaéf TI10 Ex6 qñam eptrsi CnCatiExµr 4 enaliv 5 vnñ³pabedimmunculbdivtþ³ GnuFnsisS RKÜsar man«bukmþaynigbgb ÚnTaMgGs;5nak;. manpþhmyy5bnþb; LanmYy. cmebahpþal;xøünkµanefvigviet KitEteronsURt. tamgbirs;enarbets)aramg1qñamehiymk RbeTseyIgvijenAPMñeBj. tamgbigayu6qñam culsala kal;em:tenapmñebj. rycehiyqñam1963 edaysarbyk GasIhnufa«BukCaExµrRkhm k¾rtúvecjbirbetseyig y:agrh½s duecñhk¾ RtÚvecjeTARbeTs)araMgCamYy«Buk munmþaynigb Ún mundl;rbets)aramgk¾qøgetarbets eqkusøúv:akimyyry³. dl;rbets)aramgex5 qñam1963. eblenahk¾rs;camyybg«buk CYn mum. Ex RtÚvcUlsalafñak;TI8 EtedayminsUvecH)araMgk¾RtÚvFøak; myyfñak;enafñak;ti9. Ex k¾mþaynigb Únmkdl; RbeTs)araMg. eblenahk¾«buk)ankargarefvi )anpþh smhpabedlcmbak;luyral;exniglan1. dl;qñam1970 Ex5 k¾)antijpþhvilamyy. qñam70eligeta «BukeTAeb:kaMg ehiycmebahpþal;xø Ünk¾enAEtdEdlKWfaeronenAsala)araMg. erkabikareronsurtenasalak¾mankaremilkunekkñúgry³ ebledlp akeronmþg². lt plénkargarenhkwyketa 2 TijesovePAeron nigtijexagavrbs;pþal;. efviduecñh minemnedaysar«bukmþayedahrsayminrycet smxan;kw edim,im as;karkñ úgkaredahrsaybbaðabnþ icbnþ Ücrbs;pÞal;xø Ün. niyayrymminedlmankarxvhxatkñúgcivpabrs;enarbcam éf et. dl;qñam72 edaysarbyk)aramgenakñúgsaladwgfa «BukenAeb:kaMg k¾cab;epþimefviskmµpabkum[ eronedim,ielig fñak;. duecñheblenahk¾)anexijkµangnaktcmebahpþal;xøün k¾)anesñietarbetscin. eblenahedaysarmintan;kþab; spabkarn_enakñúgrbetseyig k¾ducmintan;manekalcmhr esñhacati k¾)anniyayfa etaet1qñamedim,ieroncagksr cinet. mü:agetotedaysmöartajguspg. éf 29 Ex10 qñam1972 ecjbirbets)aramgetarbetscin. 6 erkaybiculbdivtþn_k¾enaeb:kamg rs;enakñ úgsmhpab hubcasmuhpab. k¾bu :EnþsmhPaBenHenAEtmanR)ak;Ex. enakenøgenahkwcakenøgmyyedlexµreyigmkbirkb;rbets edim,imkcyyefvikargarneya)ayerkarbetskñúgry³ebl s gáamehiyedlcakenøgedllt;dmmyykrmittabnig eronsurttamdanspabkarn_enakñúgrbetseyig. enakñ úg smuhpabenhmyycmnynticl esµahrtg;camyybdivtþn_. myycmnynfmkamrtbdivtþn_carubpabrbqamgbdivtþn_caxøwmsar. enakñúgenhmanexska>ehs>ebtamggs;. cmebahpþal;xø Ünk¾min )anmankartak;tgbu:nµancamyybyktamggs;enhet erbahmü:ag enanarietmñak;éget erkabienhsut EtyuvCnb RKÜsarmYy cmnyntic. mü:agetot k¾ RtÚveTAeronsURtnAsalacin ehiyetakenøgenahmyygatitümyydg. duecñhtamgbiqñam72 etadl;ex9 qñam73 k¾erongksrcinmyyry³ebl5ex mcämnðléksarkm<úca

5 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar CamYyelakRKÚmYy. Ex9 qñam73 etadl;ex6 qñam74 eronenasalacin. salaenhcasalaefvipasacincmebah RKb;RbeTsNaEdlcg;eron. Ex9 qñam74 etadl;ex9 qñam75 etakgtug eronvic aebtücamuldæan. qñam75 cugex9 GgÁkaresñI[eyIg culrbetsvij k¾)anmkvij nigsl; myycmnyntucenaeronsurt. cmebahpþal;xøünmankarcab;epþim ykcitþtukdak;eronpasaexµrtamgbiqñam1974. mkdl;rbetseyig mundmbugenapþhcit k-2 ry³ebl 3éf rycehiyetamnþir b-4 EdlCamnÞIrmYysMrab;[Exµr mkbibretspakercinmkeronsurtqøgcivtssn_bdivtþn_mun nwgcuhetamuldæan. mü:agetotcakenøgmyysmrab;dak; Eb:n nut nigrküsar. GñkTTYlxusRtÚvKW smmitþsn yut Cn EdlmkBIeRkARbeTskñúgry³eBls gáam KWfaedImqñaM elikenaheronsurtcamyy G Ehm. erkay Edl)aneronsURt k¾mitþeyigtamggs;rtúvcuhetamuldæanena kmbg;cam. ÉcMeBaHpÞal;xøÜnedaysarQWk¾enA b-4 dedl RbEhlry³3GaTitü. ecjbikenøgenah k¾rtúveta b-1 ry³ebl3ex. rycehiyk¾rtúvcat;tamgetabkerbena B-1 nig B-3. 6 culbdivtþn_éf TI29 Ex10 qñam1972 enaeb:kamg RbeTscin. mü:agca«buknam[cul eday]ssah_sresr smburtbnül;spabkarn_enarbetseyig nigerbóbefob GnaKteyIg kñúgsgámbdivtþn_nigkñúgsgámnaytun. mü:agetot cmebahxøün pþal; eblenahmintan;yl;gviedl ehabdivtþn_ GVIEdlehAvNѳ GV IEdlehAbdivtþn_rMedaHCati rmedahrbcacn duecñhk¾xvhxatcmhresñhacatiedr. 7 munculbdivtþn_ mundmbugkµanparkic GVIc,as;las; et. qñam73dl;ex6 qñam74 eroncagksrcinenaeb:kamg. Ex9qñaM74dl;Ex9qñaM75 eronvic aebtücamuldæanena kg;tug. Ex10 qñam75 dl;ex2 qñam76 BlkmµbgábegáIn plena b-1 TTYlxusRtÚv BUhug. Ex2 qñam76 dl;ex1 qñam77 bkerbcapasacinenaebtübdivtþn_smrab;kumar B-1 GñkTTYlxusRtÚv bgfi. Ex2 qñam77 dl;bc úb,nñ bkerb CaPasacinenAeBTübdivtþn_sMrab;kUn B3 GñkTTYlxusRtÚv bgmij. 8 kmritvb,fm kñúgsgámcas;³ erondl;fñak;ti9ena PMñeBj salakalem:t. erondl;fñak;ti2enarbets )aramg ṡgámfµirab;biculbdivtþn_mk³ eroncapasacinena eb:kamg RbeTscin nigvic abec ketsebtüenakg;tug. culrbetseyigehiykwcyybgðat;bnþamitþeyig. 9 ebledl enarbets)aramg mnussedleronpak ercinkwvnñ³pabgnufnnignaytun. cmebahpþal;xøünk¾min EdlmanmitþCitsñiT xagvnñ³pabtamggs;enh BitEmnEt man\t ibl BIeRBaH)anCYbral;éf ebleronedr. erkabienh eblp akeron2exkñ úg1qñam² k¾culrymcivpabcamyyvnñ³pab kmµkr. minedl)anrs;camyymcädæanksikret. ebl enarbetscin enars;kñ úgsmhpabexµrbitemn EtCamCÄdæanGnuFnsisSnigbBaØaCn. enacmuvijpþal;xøün CamitþcinmCÄdæankmµkr-ksikr. etibdl;rbetseyig )anrymcivpabkñúgmcädæanksikr. duecñhniyayrym muncul bdivtþn_føab;rymcivpabenamcädæangnufnsiss-bbaøacn nigerkayculbdivtþn_ BiesseRkaymkRbeTseyIgvij )anrymcivpabkñúgmcädæanksikr. qøgtamkarrymcivpabkñúgmcädæantamggs;enhexijfa mcädæangnufnenamankmµsit ibukál EpñksmÖar³kþ I stigarmµn_ kþicaercin. minechmansamkáifmtulay echetsamkáiman plrbeyacn_. qab;yl;nigkþab;mak arbs;bks mancmhr esñhacati EtxVHCMhresñhabdivtþn_ bnþal[min)angnuvtþ mak arbs;bks[)ancadac;xat. ÉmCÄdæanksikrvijman sµartilhbg;x<s;bmput echrtamrtkarlm)akevtnabuhbarrkb; ]bská mansamkáifmtulaynas;cmebahrkb;mcädæan[et edirtambdivtþn_ eblyl;nigkþab;mak arbs;bks k¾gnuvtþ søab;rs;dac;xatcamyybks. EtenAmankaryWty:avkñúg mcämnðléksarkm<úca 3

6 karefvikargarrbcaméf. 10 Føab;eronCavKÁneya)ay5dg 2dgenAeb:kaMg 3dgenARbeTseyIg 11 Føab;eFVIRbvtiþrUbsegçb1dg l it2dgtamgelik enh nigqøgcivtssn_bdivtþn_3dg. 12 KuNsm,tiþFM²KWcg;ksagxøÜn[eTACanarImYy EdlmaneKalCMhresñhaCati esñhabdivtþn_rwgbuwg. mü:agetot )ankmcat;elikmµsit irkb;ebby:agcapakercin. EtKuNvibtiþFM²KWenAEtmankmµsiT iniyaysþiniyayelg edaykµancmhrcas;tmu KµanCMhrTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHbkS nigcmebahmak arbs;bks. enhca\t ibledlcab;y:agxøamg énvnñ³pabgnufn)aramgedlmangtþcritesrismebimnas; TaMgRKb;Epñk. \T ibld¾garkk;enh bnþal[elcecjca Gakb,kiriyaminsuPaBrabsa TaMgkñúgkarniyaysþIrvagnarI k¾duccanarirvagyut Cn efvi[mankarxusqágminsmrsb EPñksmhPaB erbahenarbets)aramgk¾duccaenarbetscin mankartak;tgrvagnarinigyut CnCaFmµta ÉcMeBaHpÞal;xøÜn edaysarmin)ankþab;éngtþcritexµr k¾enamankarxusqág xøh²edrkñúgkarniyaysþi. qøgtamkareronsurtnigkardkkarbiesafn_cabnþ bnþab; k¾)anekerbmyycmnynfm nig)ankmcat;elikarniyay sþiesrienh)an80% duecñhenaesssl;20%etotedl ecocak;nigdac;xatkmcat;)anedayqrelimak arbs;bks dac;xat. II.GMBI«Bukmþaybegá It 1 «BukeQµaHedIm³ CYn R)aswt eqµahbdivtþ³ san mþayeqµahedim³ CYn RKIsIuy:an eqµahbdivtþ³ mincul bdivtþn_et. 2 «BukCnCatiExµr mþaycncati)aramg 3 TIkEnøg³ «BukenA b-1 PMñeBj mþayenarbets )aramg. «BukekItéf TI3 Ex2 qñam1930 Gayu48 enars;. 4 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar mþayekitena):ariséf TI8 Ex5 qññam1930 Gayu48 enars;. 4 vnñ³pabrbs;«buk³ GnuFnfñak;elI bbaøacn. vnñ³pabedimrbs;mþay³ kmµkr EteRkayEdlman RKÜsark¾eTACavNѳPaBGnuFn cmebahmþayk¾minsuv)an erongvicafmdumet. EteRkayEdlmanRKÜsark¾)anrkkargar efv I ehiynigeronsurttetaetot edayminrtúvkarsbaøab½rt et. bc úb,nñmindwgetiefvikargargviet. cmebah«buk³ eblenarbets)aramgttylxusrtúvepñk esdækic xaggakascrn_)aramg. EtminsUvc,as;eT. mü:agetot tamkardwgxøhk¾mankargb;rmrbmulkmøamgedim,i manekalcmhrxagbdivtþn_. 5 «BukcUlbkSkumµúynisþkm<úCa. RsLaj;KaMRT søab;rs;dac;xatcamyybks mþaykµanculggákarnaet. enarbets)aramgminyl;gvigmbibdivtþn_km<úcaet. Kat;edIr pøúvepsgbipøúvbdivtþn_. mankaryl;xøh²gmbibdivtþn_qñam 1921énRbeTsrusSúI EdlCabdivtþn_mü:agcMeBaHRbeTs GWru:b.l. Biessminyl;GMBIrbbsmUhPaBmincay luy.l. 6 cmebahmþayman\t ibletaeli munculbdivtþn_ y:agxøamgedr. Kat;)anGb;rM [etaca)aramgduckat; tamgbi semøókbmbak;rhutdl;karniyaysþinigcivpabrs;ena. Kat;GUsTaj kum[edirpøúvbdivtþn_ ehiyedirpøúvnaytunvij EdlCapøÚvRsYlsb,aytamKMnitrbs;Kat;. Kat;bMBak; elikmµsit iékcncasmpar³castigarmµn_. EteTaHbICa y:agnak¾eday k¾min)anbmbak;tamgrsugtamkmnitrbs; Kat;eT. mü:agkarbmbak;enh minemnqrelimak aet KWQr elimenaseba tnabukálkñúgzan³camþayrslaj;kun. \T iblbimþayeli EdlenAesssl;xøaMgCageKKWkar niyayesriminttylxusrtúv. cmebah«bukvij erkayedletarbets)aramgk¾minsuv )ancab;et erbahkargarkat;ercin. EtedaysarKat;sø ÚtbUt mcämnðléksarkm<úca

7 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar Cagmþay k¾cmebahpþal;xøüncastigarmµn_ep ógetaxag«buk ercincag. eblkat;etarbetscink¾)anxitxmepijsmburt exasnagb;rmbmpus[ echpasaexµr [ yl;gmbispabkarn_ enakñúgrbets [ edirtampøúvbdivtþn_ [ bmbak;eliekal CMhresñhaCati esñhabdivtþn_y:agrwgbuwg. duecñhtamgbi tucmk k¾rslaj;«bukcagmþay EteTaHbIy:agNak¾eday minsuvechmanmenaseba tnacak;esþgeli«bukmþayet. PaKeRcInmankarrMePIbkñúgcitþEtminelcecjeT. bc úb,nñ KµankarCMBak;CMBinelI et ehiyk¾mingaclhbg;«bukmþay )anedaykµansþaygviet. 7 Gacman\T ibly:agxøamgelimþay edaysarkat; RsLaj; xøamgcagek. EtminsUvdwgEdr. ÉcMeBaH«Buk vij KWmankarCYyBnül;GMBImþaynigb ÚnEdlenARbeTs )aramgfa mingayefvibdivtþn_)anet [ekedirpøúvrbs;eketa ehiy[lhbg;ektamgrsug kum[enamankarkitkursµúksµaj EfmeTot bnþal[man\t ibldl;karbmebjparkic Ca RbcaMéf. III. GMBIbgb Únbegá It 1 man3nak;³ RsI2 Rbús1 1 2 CYn EGevbUrI Rbús Gayu21 ekitéf TI enapmñebj bc úb,nñenarbets)aramgcamyymþay. 3 CYn ):asáalkir:a RsI Gayu17qñaM ekitéf TI enapmñebj bc úb,nñenarbets)aramgcamyy mþay. 2 vnñ³pabrbs;b ÚnRsITI1KWGnuFn EteFVIsMNg;enA RbeTs)araMg vnñ³pabrbs;b ÚnTI2KWGnuFnsisS RbEhl enaeteronsurt. 3 KµankarCMBak;CMBinelI et. eblebkkña ekenatuc minsuvyl;gviet ehiybc úb,nñenhk¾minkitkurdl;ekedr erbahedirpøúvxuskñaehiy. 4 Kµan\T iblelib ÚnRbúseT RKan;EtRsLaj; kñúg zan³cabgedl]ssah_cyykat;edaysarkat;camnuss minfmµta. ]ssah_manmat;tucfmdak;etminvay. ÉcMeBaH b ÚnRsI]sSah_tam ]ssah_sþab;. Etbc úb,nñenh Kµan \T iblgviet ehiymü:agk¾ enaq ayduecñhmindwget. IV. mitþcitsñ it 1 KµanmitþCitsñiT eterkabismhpab. 2 Føab;rYmR)aRs½ykñ úgmcädæangnufnbbaøacn. \T ibl PaKeRcInminl et. ]TahrN_ min)anksag[manekalcmhr RsLaj;kargarBlkmµRTaMRTkarlM)akevTna.l. V. suxpab lt PaB erkabicmgwk,aledaysarsrésqamryjtuc Kµan bbaðafmdumet. GacbMeBjRKb;Parkic EdlsmUhPaBRbKl; [CUnbkSedayeCaKC½ybMput. éf TI enapmñebj B-3 ÉksaredImelx I BaküesøakEx~rRkhm bnþvaykemþcekalcmhrkm~sit synty[gs;rligxag smöar³ sit igmnac nigsilfm rs;enadac;xat. km at;rebobrbbdwknamnigefv Ikargarraymay ryikryak ):atna ):atni RbfuyRbfanK~ans~artITTYlxusRtÚv dac;xat. ebþcjavaysrmúkgnuvtþmak aksikm~sm½y[)anqab; rh½sbi10eta15qñamdac;xat. dkrsg;biesovepatg;bdivtþn_ ykcitþtukdak;kargarneya)aystigarm~n_[l nig s atbrisut Cab;Canic RBmCamYyenaHRtÚvykcitþTukdak; kargarcat;tamg[l nig[s atbrisut Cab;Canic. dkrsg;biesovepakmnt;ehtuelx076 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 5

8 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar esckiþrbagekalneya)ayrbs;bkscmebahnari 1 sarsmxan;rbs;narikñúgbdivtþn_ bdivtþn_rbcacatirbcafibetyüeyigsmedakemþc crkbtiþskiþpuminaytunrbtikiriya kemþcrdægmnacrbs;va ehiysßabnardægmnacrbcacnbdivtþ Cak;EsþgKWksagrdæ GMNackmµkrksikreRkamkardwknaMrbs;bkS. edim,inwgsermcbdivtþrbcacatirbcafibetyükm<úca RtÚvmankmøaMgmnusS kmøamgrbcacnd¾kuhkrcanari mankar tsu RbqaMgTaMgneya)ayTaMgGavuF. enakñúgkmøamgmnuss kmøamgrbcacd¾kuhkr kñúgenh narimantynatismxan;nas; narimancmnyn50%énrbcacn km<úcatamgmul. duecñhnarimansarsmxan;nas;kñúgkartsu bdivtþ TaMgxagEpñkkm at;xµamg TaMgEpñkksagenARKb;smrPUmi neya)ay esdækic sgámkic vb,fm eyafa neya)ay brets smrpumierkaynigsmrpumimux. edim,iyl;bi sarsmxan;rbs;narienakñúgbdivtþn_[)anc,as;las;cam)ac; km at;tssn³nigkarlem ógxusbiry:ag ducteta k karminyl;nuvkartsu bdivtþn_edayneya)aynig GavuFEdleFVIeLIgBaseBj vayxµamgrkb;tisti P ab;ecig xµamgrkb;muxnigrkb;tikenøg vaysn wgnigbmebkxµamg[exsay RKb;eBlevla. kmøamgbdivtþn_tamgenhmannaricmnyncag50% mantynatismxan;nas;kñúgkartsu GavuFnigtsU neya)ay tamgbierkays gáamelakeliktibirmk )anbba ak;natirbs; narienhy:agsn wkc,as;nas;. x TsSn³emIlgayb emilrsalnuvtynatirbs;nari tametekalcmhrrbs;skiþpuminaytun EdlyknarIsRmab; RKan;EteFVI]bkrN_RKb;Ebby:agsRmab;beRmIvNѳva Etbu:eNÑaH. 2 kargarekogkrnarirbs;bks k denþimyknari[)ankuhkrsrmab;efvibdivtþn_[ )anecakc½yelixµamg bkscam)ac;xkxanmin)annuvkarefvi kargarekogkrnari. kargarekogkrnari«tammak avnñ³» RtÚveFVI km~api)alnariex~rrkhm 6 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

9 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar TaMgneya)aypg TaMgxagcat;taMgpg x kñúgkarekogkrnarienh lt PaBmaneRcInNas; KWlT PaBTaMgcMnYneRcInCag50%énRbCaCnTUeTA sßitena RKb;Rcklðk RKb;smrPUmi ERscmáar eragcrk salaeron kardæan RksYg TIpSar RKÜsar enasmrpumixagmux smrpumixagerkay GavuF neya)ay.l. lt PaBTaMgKuNPaBEdlesµaHRtg; esñhacati køahan esñhaesripab smpab Blkmµ hµt;ct; l itl n; xñhexñg silfm s ats M minxilxucducburs ehiycabiessnari niyayrymmink,t;ducedletgmanenakñúgeptburset. lt PaBedaynarImanRbvtiþsa sþtsu rbs;xøüny:ag Gg;GacnigskmµkñúgkartsU GavuFnigtsU neya)aytamgbi erkays gáamelakeliktibirmk. 3 natirbs;narikñúgkarksagrnsirsékpabcati kñúgkarksagrnsirsékpabcati RbmUlkmøaMg bdivtþn_vayxµamg narimansarsmxan;tamgkunpabtamgbriman kñúg sm<½n PaBkmµkrksikr kmøamgcmnyysmxan; nigkmøamgcmnyybnþab;bnsm duecñh enarkb;rbeptkmøamgénrnsirsékpabcati narimannatismxan;nas; CakmøaMgFMsem,ImnigxøaMgkøaNas;. ehtuenh)ancaparkic rbs;bkstamgmulrtúvetrbmulkmøamg nari[)ankuhkrenakñúgrnsirsékpabcati tamrstab; nigrbeptkmøamgnimyy² CamUldæannigCaCMnYy. 4 natirbs;narikñúgkarksagbks TnÞwmnwgsarsMxan;rbs;narIkñúgkarksagkmøaMgrNsirS narimannatismxan;nas;kñúgkarksagbks kñúgcyrbkçcn Fmµta k¾duccakñúgcyrkmµapi)aldwknamrkb;fñak;. kalebinarimkbmebjcyybkskan;etercinelig²kñúg zan³cakgt½brsücénvnñ³kmµkrenah natirbs;nari GtþPaB rbs;nari kan;etelcrtedteligrkb;civpabneya)ay rbs;rbets. narik¾rbkan;)annuvzan³cagñkkac;cgáútén neya)ayrbetsebjelj CaGKÁbBa akarénbdivtþn_ ebjlkçn³. duecñh bkstamgmulmanparkic BRgwgnigBRgIkCYrbkS edayrbeptnari[)ankan;etercinelig²cagtibrma. 5 Parkic rbs;bkskñúgkarclnanari nigkñúgkarksag kmµapi)alnarirkb;rbept k Parkic CaeKalneya)ayrbs;bkSRtÚvykcitþ Tukdak;[Gs;kmøaMgkaycitþnigkmøaMgkargar clnaekogkr narixagneya)aynigxagcat;tamg Parkic mantmhmfmnas; EdlRtÚveFVIedaysµartITTYlxusRtÚvx<s;Cadac;xat TsSn³GVI GMeBIRbRBwtþGVI Gakb,kiriyaGVI EdlminbeRmI Parkic b efvi[b:hbal; b efvi[gnþraydl;clnabdivtþn_ y:agfmsem,im. x TnÞwmnwgParkic clnanarienh bkstamgmulman Parkic cm,gmyy ksagkmµapi)alnarirkb;rbeptnigrkb; fñak;[)ancagtibrma. ekalneya)ayksagkmµapi)al narienhqreli mü:ageliksþ ÜyEfbMb:nxagsµartI TaMgxagneya)ay TaMgxagkargar TaMgxagsmÖar edayykcitþtukdak;ca GnueRKaH Caburs. trmg;tisksagkmµapi)alnariedireq<ahetamuxkan; EtRkhmeLIg² xagcmhrbdivtþn_rwgbuwg xagstigarmµn_ neya)ay nigxagcat;tamg. 6 bnþaktþasermcc½ycmnhkñúgparkic clnanigksag kmµapi)alnari edim,iefvi[parkic clnanarinigksagkmµapi)alnari sermc)anecakc½ycalmdab; luhrtaetnarikþi burskþi bkstamgmulkþ I yl;c,as;nigkþab;[cab;nuvbnþaktþasmxan;² ductetaenh k kþab;natidwknamrbs;bks mcämnðléksarkm<úca 7

10 bkscaktþasermckñúgclnanari nigksagkmµapi)al nari. erbahbksmanmak aneya)ay manekalneya)ay RtwmRtÚv ehiycaggákarx<s;bmput TTYlxusRtÚvGMBIbBaða nari. duecñh nariedim,irmedahxøün edim,ibrgwgbrgikgtþpabxøün ehiyedim,i[xøünmansit irkb;ebby:ag luhrtaetdak;tmnuk TukcitþTaMgRsugelIbkSdwknaM. RKb;bkçCnnigRKb;kmµaPi)al bks k¾rtúvrcütrcabnuvekalneya)aynarirbs;bks edim,i Gnuvtþva[)anl CaGtibrma. x kþab;ekalneya)ayefbmb:nnigkmµacivubniykmµ rbs;bks ekalneya)aybirmuxrbs;bkscmebahnari RtÚvkþab;[ Cab;nigGnuvtþRtwmRtÚvenaH clnanarinigksagkmµapi)al narir)akdcapuspuldac;xat. KW EfbMb:nelIksÞÜyxagsµartIneya)aynigsmÖar tamlt PaB edaygnuerkah yl;gfüars½y nigedayyk citþtukdak;[dl;krmit. kmµacivubniykmµnariedayekksagkñúgclnarkb; Ebby:ag edaybksh anrbkl;kargar[ ehiybksennam CYynarIhVwkhVWnedayxøÜnÉg. TnÞwmnwgenH bksrtúvykcitþtukdak;gb;rmekalcmhr bdivtþn_[naricanic kal. K kþab;natirbs;nari[cab;kñ úgkarrmedaheptxø Ünkñ úgbdivtþn_ RtÚvkþab;[Cab;fa narirtúvrmedahxøünbicrkbtiþskiþpumi naytun BIbituniym nigbikaremilgayemilefakbiburs nigkñúgclnabdivtþn_rmedahcati rmedahrbcacn kmµkrksikr TaMgmUl. luhrtaettambdivtþn_nigenakñúgbdivtþn_rbs;kmµkr ksikrcabnþbnþab; etibnarirmedaheptxøün)an etibsmpab xagneya)aynigxagcivpabekitmanbitr)akd)ancamyy eptburs. duecñahnarirtúvrcütrcabgmbiekalkarn_enh etibxitxm BüayamxñHExñgcUlrYmkñúgbdivtþn_kan;EtkuHkr kan;etskmµ EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar elig² nigkan;etdac;xatelig². riébursvijk¾rtúvet RCÜtRCabGMBIeKalkarN_enH etibxitxmbüayamxñhexñg GnuvtþeKalneya)aynarIrbs;bkS edim,i[ekalbmng smpabrvagnarinigbursrkb;muxneya)aynigcivpab)an etacakarcak;esþgbitr)akd. X km at;tssn³xusqágrbs;bursnigrbs;narixøünég cmebah sþiept km at;[gs;nuvtssn³skiþpuminaytun bituniym emilgayemilefaknari EdlmanenAkñúgburs Biesskñúg zan³cagñkbdivtþn_ CabkçCn nigcakmµapi)alrbs;bks. km at;[gs;nuvtssn³minexijsarsmxan;rbs;nari enakñúgclnabdivtþn_bc úb,nñniggnakt RtÚvbMBak;[rwgmaMnUv TsSn³mhaCnrbs;bkS. naricamhacncag50%én «RbCaCnTUeTA.» km at;[gs;nuvtssn³kitetbwgep keliburs pþúy etavij RtÚvemIleXIj[c,as; ecodac;xatelisarsmxan; narinigbdivtþn_ smtßpabrbs;narikñúgrkb;skmµpabén CIvPaBTaMgGs;. g kþab;nuvparkic rbs;bksnigrbs;narixøünég kñúgkar clnanarinigksagkmµapi)alnari bkstamgmulmanparkic GnuvtþeKalneya)ay rbs;bks EtnarIxøÜnÉgk¾mansarsMxan;kñúgkic GnuvtþeKal neya)aynarirbs;bksenh edaysµartitibwgxøünégecocak; xøünég clnaxøünég ksagnuvkmµapi)alxøünég erkamkar dwknamy:agcitsñit rbs;bks. 7 snñ idæan eyig)anexijc,as;nuvsarsmxan;rbs;natinarikñúg bdivtþn_ehiy. eyig)anexijc,as;nuvekalneya)ay narirbs;bksehiy. duecñh bkstamgmul burstamgmul narixøünégtamgmul RtÚvxitxMGnuvtþeKalneya)aynarI rbs;bksenh [)ansermcplcagtibrma. kmnt;ehturbs;smmitþ s mu :n 8 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

11 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar TItaMgbUCnIydæantmál;GdæiFatuCnrgeRKaH erkamrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü 77TItaMg erobcmnigcgrkgeday³ epg BgSr:asuI l>r eq~ah TItaMg 1 vtþknþal PUmiRsHQUkkNþal XuMRsHQUk RsukPñMRsuk extþbnþaymanc½y. 2 vtþsupmgál PUmiGUrGMbil XMuGUrGMbil RsuksIusUpun extþbnþaymanc½y. 3 l agkirirmü PUmiPñMsMeBAlic XMusMeBA Rsuk)aNn; extþ)at;dmbg. 4 vtþsmerag PUmisMerag XMusMerag RsukÉkPñM extþ)at;dmbg. 5 vtþtalas;cas; PUmivtþcas; XMutalas; Rsukemagb ssi extþ)at;dmbg. 6 vtþérc PUmiéRC XMuéRC Rsukemagb ssi extþ)at;dmbg. 7 vtþsemþcmuni PUmisemþc XMutab:un RsuksEgá extþ)at;dmbg. 8 vtþkiribu)öaram XMu)aFay Rsuk)aFay extþkmbg;cam. 9 Kuksnþisux)aFay PUmi)aFay XMu)aFay Rsuk)aFay extþkmbg;cam. 10 vtþberbg PUmival XMus<W RsukcMkarelI extþkmbg;cam. 11 vtþsán; PUmisÁn; XMusUTiB RsukeCIgéRB extþkmbg;cam. 12 vtþpñmrbús PUmiRtBaMgcar XuMRkLa RsukkMBg;esom extþkmbg;cam. 13 vtþsþwgrtg; PUmiERBk)araMg XMuERBkkk; RsuksÞwgRtg; extþkmbg;cam. 14 ekakrbig PUmieKakRKam XMuviharFM RsukkMBg;esom extþkmbg;cam. 15 vtþgurrtkyn PUmiGUrRtkYn XMuBamCIkg Rsukkgmas extþkmbg;cam. 16 vtþcieh PUmipSarfµI XMuBamRbeFñaH RsukekaHsUTin extþkmbg;cam. 17 vtþekakcas; PUmieKak XMuKKIr Rsukemmt; extþkmbg;cam. 18 érbfutgá PUmielx2 XMuKgC½y RsukGUraMg«extþkMBg;cam. 19 vtþc½ymgál XMuERBkrMedg RsukRsIsn r extþkmbg;cam. 20 vtþnkr PUmiGMBilelI XMuGMBil RsukkMBg;esom extþkmbg;cam. 21 vtþvihartnþwm PUmisYg XMusYg Rsukt,ÚgXµúM extþkmbg;cam. 22 vtþsemþcmuni PUmidk;Br XMuxunr:g RsukbribUr extþkmbg;qñamg. 23 vtþxsam PUmixSam XMuxSam RsukkMBg;qñaMg extþkmbg;qñamg. 24 vtþcmbiu PUmiRcmuHRCÚk XuMeRcs RsukkMBg;RtLac extþkmbg;qñamg. 25 bnþaycas; PUmiERstaC½y XuMGPivDÆn_ RsukTwkpus extþkmbg;qñamg. 26 vtþbesdæcas; PUmiRkúmh un XuMbesdæ Rsukbesdæ extþkmbg;s<w. 27 GMEBPñM PUmiGMEBPñM XuMsVayRkvan; Rsukc,armn extþkmbg;s<w. 28 vtþ)arayn_can;edk PUmiRts; XuMblø½gá Rsuk)arayN_ extþkmbg;fm. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 9

12 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 29 vtþtyyl PUmifñl;Cati XuM)arayN_ Rsuk)arayN_ extþkmbg;fm. 30 vtþkþidug PUmikþIdUg XuMkþIdUg sgáat;elx4 RsuksÞwgEsn extþkmbg;fm. 31 vtþr)asatsmbur PUmisMbUr XMusMbUr RsukR)asaTsMbUr extþkmbg;fm. 32 vtþtamgrksamg PUmitaMgRksaMg XuMtaMgRksaMg RsuksnÞúk extþkmbg;fm. 33 TYltaPøg PUmiRtac XuMkMBg;cin ecig RsukesÞag extþkmbg;fm. 34 mnþirtam:n PUmib ssidu XuMRbPñM RsukGgÁrC½y extþkmbt. 35 vtþsþwg PUmisÞwg XuMQUk RsukQUk extþkmbt. 36 vtþcmuerkól PUmiRtBaMgFM XuMCu erkól RsukkMBt extþkmbt. 37 salartbamgsva PUmiRtBaMgsVa XMuRTa RsukkNþalsÞwg extþknþal. 38 vtþcmbuhek k PUmicMBuHEk k XMuERBkfµI RsukekonsVay extþknþal. 39 ebaf Tenø PUmieBaF Tenø XMuekaHFM «k» RsukekaHFM extþknþal. 40 vtþerbkdac; PUmiERBkdac; XMuERBkdac; RsukelIkEdk extþknþal. 41 vtþrkaekag PUmirkaekag XMurkaekagTI1 RsukmuxkMBUl extþknþal. 42 vtþs ÜneBRC PUmis ÜneBC XuMkenÞak RsukGgÁsñÜl extþknþal. 43 PñM]dugÁ PUmiPñM XMupSarEdk RsukBjaB extþknþal. 44 vtþggáresrisysþi PUmisMeragt,Úg XMusMerag RsukBjaB extþknþal. 45 )asidæertiyrtwgs PUmiQVaMg XMuQVaMg RsukBjaB extþknþal. 46 ekahkr PUmicugekaHKr ecig XMusVayRbTal Rsuks ag extþknþal. 47 ekahfµi PUmiekaHfµI XMux<b Rsuks ag extþknþal. 48 TYlEsøg sgáat;bwgekgkg3 xnð½cmkarmn racfanipñmebj. 49 ecigék PUmirlYs sgáat;ecigék x½nðdegáa racfanipñmebj. 50 PñMkMbøúk PUmisVaysamsib XuMeCÍgPñM Rsuk)aPñM extþérbevg. 51 vtþbam PUmiBamekaH XuMBamr RsukBamr extþérbevg. 52 vtþsøa PUmisøa XMukMBg;b ssi RsukBaraMg extþérbevg. 53 vtþrmelc PUmirMelc XuMrMelc Rsuk)akan extþebafisat;. 54 LBiXatPñMRTg;)at PUmicMbk;Eh XMukMBg;fáÚv RsukRkLaj; extþesomrab. 55 vtþxsac; PUmirkakMbut XuMRtBaMgFM sukr)asat)akg extþesomrab. 56 KILÚEm:Rtelx4 PUmiKILÚEm:Rt4 PUmiraCnukUl XuMsÞwgERtg RsuksÞwgERtg extþsþwgertg. 57 buss PUmibusS XMuemsf k Rsukc nþa extþsvayerog. 58 tanr_ PUmitaNr_ XMusVayetO RsukkMBg;eraT extþsvayerog. 59 vtþb ssisaj; PUmib ssisaj; XMuéRBFM RsukkMBg;eraT extþsvayerog. 60 vtþkmbg;gmbil PUmikMBg;GMBil XMukMBg;GMBil RsukrMdYl extþsvayerog. 61 x<bgmbil PUmikMBg;GMBil XMukMBg;GMBil RsukrMdYl extþsvayerog. 62 vtþ)arkug PUmi)aRkúg XMusVayeck RsukrMdYl extþsvayerog. 63 vtþkmbg;rtac PUmitaRtav XMukMBg;Rtac RsukrmasEhk extþsvayerog. 64 Føk PUmiFøk XMuFøk RsuksVayerog extþsvayerog. 10 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

13 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 65 vtþsvayep m PUmisVayGgÁ XMusVayGgÁ RsuksVayerog extþsvayerog. 66 vtþcas; PUmiGNþÚg XMusVayGgÁ RsuksVayerog extþsvayerog. 67 vtþbwgér: PUmivtþbwgér: XMusVayGgÁ RsuksVayerog extþsvayerog. 68 vtþkþirmdyl PUmiGknaK XMusgÇr RsuksVayTab extþsvayerog. 6 9 vtþsurpi eha vtþkekah PUmikNþwgFM XMukNþwg Rsuk)aTI extþtaekv. 70 vtþrtbükr PUmiRtekot XMuRtBaMgsab Rsuk)aTI extþtaekv. 71 vtþrbhfatusysþi PUmik,aldMrI XMueKakeRBc RsukKIrIvgS extþtaekv. 72 vtþebaf masgenþt PUmib ssi XMu)ankam RsukéRBkb,as extþtaekv. 73 vtþrshrkamgbnþay PUmieBC\ nþa XuMbwgRtaj;eCIg RsuksMerag extþtaekv. 74 TYlGgÁ PUmiGgÁRkÚc XMuburIClsar RsukburIClsar extþtaekv. 75 vtþrkamgtacan; PUmiRkaMgtacan; XuMKus RsukRtaMkk; extþtaekv. 76 PñMsnøúg PUmiRsHRtkYn XMusnøúg RsukRTaMg extþtaekv. 77 vtþérbp av PUmiéRBp av XMusnøúg RsukRTaMg extþtaekv. bucniydæanvtþcmbu I enapumircmuhrcúk Xu MeRCs RsukkMBg;RtLac extþkmbg;qñamg mcämnðléksarkm<úca 11

14 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bb aieq~ahcnrgerkahedl)ankemþcenamnþirs-21 KukTYlEsøg erobcmnigcgrkgeday³ yin nan tbielxmun l>r eq~ah tynati kenøgyk éf cul éf kemþc epsg² 314 smrit Exm kunsiss cak;gerg suwm s n kunsiss ERBkkþam ék kusl eha Bk bukálikxøamgr)ak; tmbn; DI r:am:a RksYgmhaépÞ GUrraMg« Lúg y:ag ebtüsiuvil GUrraMg« rs; saer:t surieyadi muxkmbul ekit evon ebtü muxkmbul s n RTI fiepnti tmbn; Pin can;fn ksikmµ tmbn; em:a smbur GgÁkar es>eg >EGhV muxkmbul Qwm kugsiun esµónsafarnkar tmbn; yun hr eha lwm GñkbkERb )at;dmbg siuv samg evc bnðit RBHenRtRBH Pug esovbu n nissit kmbg;fm Guwg hyyexg GgÁkarEX r RBHenRtRBH G g etk eha twk RKÚbeRgón ERBkeBaFi BinfaraKwm eha ehgh gkwm evc bnðit RBHenRtRBH em:a smbur BaNiC kmµ GUrraMg« Tk kan nissitebtü RBHenRtRBH rs; esrismbu n RKÚbeRgón muxkmbul can; supi eha bu nissit muxkmbul Qn RsU l eha Rs n safarnkar RBHenRtRBH yi hui visvkrgnþúger: muxkmbul lav h Es exasnakar PMñRsuk GU vindi eha xuc karbrets lvaém eka hay visvkrgnþúger: RBHenRtRBH mcämnðléksarkm<úca

15 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 340 Rsu n samiu ksikmµ )at;dmbg Ta ev:géf eha éfca ebikynþehah )at;dmbg em:a bu nna kunsiss GUrraMg« sþúk supal buranvic a PMñRsuk Qwm Ful visvkrsafarnkar RBHenRtRBH ets cinetg bu:sþiexslys PMñRsuk lwm él visvkrksikmµ RBHenRtRBH efag sar:at eha eba visvkrksikmµ RBHenRtRBH rs; qn emérb PMñRsuk hak; Qunh nissit RBHenRtRBH nyn kb eha RK?? PMñRsuk hak; exg GñkftPaBynþ PMñRsuk RBMú ecacn kunsiss RBHenRtRBH Gu k supat kunsiss RBHenRtRBH can; siufa yut Cn ebaficintug NI ENm RKÚbeRgón tmbn; suk r:at?? tmbn; ept bu nlwm kmµkr GKÁisnIcak;GERg QWsøab; 358 nyn ehg evc bnðit RBHenRtRBH yk; saem:t RkLabBa I PMñRsuk dyg suxsan visvkr xsac;knþal Qwm etkrs ag visvkrgkáisni?? tan; epg evc bnðit RBHenRtRBH?? san supløi hirbaøvtßú PMñRsuk?? rs; lag visvkrsafarnkar RBHenRtRBH?? ehg etg RKÚbeRgón Rkúg)at;dMbg?? fac; nyn RKÚbeRgón PMñRsuk?? Kwm FI RKÚbeRgón PMñRsuk?? Qwm smnag tmnagra sþ PMñRsuk?? ecg hy visvkr RBHenRtRBH?? Lúg lun safarnkar RBHenRtRBH?? eta Qun sa sþacarü PMñRsuk?? su ENm evc bnðit )at;dmbg?? enamant mcämnðléksarkm<úca 13

16 éf TI 2 ExFñÚ qñam1978 em:ag5l ac Gmsmmitþ egog sari mansmmitþ rit esn rmu san G un nig lµút. GmsmmitþGnurdæm niþbanic kmµerkarbetscinman GKÁrdæTUt s un ha smaciktamggs;énkn³rbtipubanic kmµ cin RBmTaMgbuKÁlikmYycMnYnénsßanTUtcin. s>megogsari³kñúgnambkskumµúynisþkm<úcardæapi)al km<úcarbcafibetyü nigkñúgnamrbcacnkm<úca eyig sum svakmn_kn³rbtipubanic kmµénsafarnrdærbcamanitcin EdlmansmmitþGnurdæm niþbanic kmµerkarbetscagñk dwknam sumcunbr[smmitþtamggs;suxsb,ay nigttyl C½yCmñHkñúgeBlsñak;GaRs½yenAkm<úCaeyIg. mitþcin³ smmitþ li Qag rdæm nþibanic kmµerka RbeTseyIg)anpþaMepIJmksYrsuxTukçdl;smmitþ egog sari. eyig mkkm<úcaeblenhkwmkefivtssnkic pg mk eronsurtbimitþkm<úcapg enhcakitiþysd¾fmdl;eyig TaMg Gs;Kña. bkseyigtamgbirmancmngmitþpabnwgkñay:ag RCaleRCA. eyig rikraynas;edaysegátexijbks nigrbcacnkm<úca)anttylkn³rbtipubkseyig EdldwknaM edaysmmitþ v:ag kug siuj y:agrak;tak;kk;ekþacatibmput enaeblknøgetafiµ²enh. s>m egog sari³ smmitþ v:ag kug siuj )antuk GnusSavrIy_[eyIg ercinnas;. smmitþ)anbrgwgmitþpab CaPatr³bdivtþnigyuT samkiápabrvagbkseyigtamgbir. eyigtak;tgkñaducbgb Ún. KN³RbtiPUBaNiC kmµelikenh k¾brgwgbrgikyut samkiápabbdivtþrvagcinnigkm<úca EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar karcybsnþnarvagsmmitþegogsari ]bnaykrdæm nþittylbnþúkxagkic karbretsnigkn³rbtipubanic km~ safarnrdærbcamanitcin dwknamedaygnurdæm nþibanic km~erkarbets myykrmitetot. eyig cg;[smmitþgnurdæm niþsñak;ena km<úca)anyurbniþc b:uenþtamkmµvifi smmitþena)anetmyy GaTitü eyig k¾yl;gfüars½yedr. mitþcin³ xøün pþal;nwgsñak;enakm<úcaet1gatitüemn EtGnuRbFanKN³RbtiPUnigsmaCikÉeTotnwgsñak;GaRs½y enayuretaetot edim,ibnþefivkargarcamyymitþkm<úca. xagvis½ybanic kmµ RbeTseyIgTaMgBIrk¾mankarTak;TgKña CitsiñT Edr. eyig mkenhk¾edim,ibipaksagmbibanic kmµqñam 1979 ehiyebimitþkm<úcartúvkargiv esiñefivbba I[)an RtwmRtÚvmk eyig nwgbmebjsmnumbrmitþkm<úcatamesckiþ RtÚvkarrbs;mitþnigtamlT PaBrbs;eyIg. cmebahkargar knøgmk Rtg;NaeyIg xvhxat k¾summitþkm<úcabeba j mtiedr duccaelibbaðakunpabtmnij eblevlarbkl; TMnij CaedIm. eyig yl;karlm)akrbs;mitþkm<úcaedl kmbugrbqamgkarqøanbanrbs;yyn ehiyeyig rikray cmebahc½ycmñhrbs;mitþkm<úcaenarnsirsxagmuxelixµamg yynqøanban. s>m egog sari³ eyig ecocak;fakarcrcaxag BaNiC kmµeblenhkµangivsµúksµajet edaybkstamgbir eyigqrelimitþpab. eyig TukcitþelImitþcin ehiyman EtmitþcineTEdleyaKyl;eyIg kñúgspabkarn_sbvéf. karbipaksaelikenhk¾cabtbiesafn_eyig srmab;qñam erkayetot. knøgmkeyig )anman»kascybsnþnacamyysmmitþ ]bnaykrdæm niþ li eson enon énrbetscin ehiy)an elikbikarxvhxatrbs;eyig CRmabsmmitþkñúgkarGnuvtþkic 14 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

17 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar snüaedahdurbanic kmµepsg²camyymitþcin. mulehtukw qñamenheyig )ancybrbthtwkcmnn;edlminføab;mancag70 qñammkehiy dl;etabirelikpþün². mitþcin³ RbeTskm<úCakMBugTb;Tl;karQøanBanBIxµaMg yyn ehiyk¾mantwkcmnn;etot ebimankarerbrbülkñúgkar Gnuvtþkic snüaedahdur vacakarfmµtaetkñúgspabkarn_ EbbenH. s>m egog sari³ cmebahkic RBmeRBógBaNiC kmµrvag RbeTseyIgTaMgBIr ebimitþcinyl;facmenjxagneya)ay eyig k¾minyl;tas;givedr. BImuneyIg )armöerkgeyig Gnuvtþkic RBmeRBógenaHmin)an. xagsißtieyig mintan; c,as;las;et eyigrtúvksagmyyry³etotcmebahtyelx epsg². BIqñaM1975eyIg min)an):an;rbmanfas gáam CamYyyYnmanTMhMdUcsBVéf enhet ehiyeyig)an):an;fa etadl;qñam1980eyignwgmantyelxc,as;las;ehiy. Et\LÚvenH edays gáamqøanbanrbs;yyn eyig min c,as;cay:agnaetkñúgbbaðaenh. kñúgry³eblbiqñamknøg etaenh eyig manbiesafn_kñúgkarrkb;rkgrksardægmnac bdivtþ sbvéf eyig m as;kartamgsmrpumimuxtamgsmrpumi erkay. EtyYnenAEt>>> >>>BiPakSaGMBIkarTijdUrCak;Esþg. kic RBmeRBógeFIV[ bretsyl;faeyigcitsiñt Kña b:uenþépþkñúgeyig eyigcit siñt KñaeTAehIy. s>m egog sari³ eyig yl;fakarcuhkic RBmeRBóg BaNiC kmµcabba aneya)ay ehiyk¾cabbaðabec kets xøhedr. duccakarcmbak;r)ak;caedim CMBak;Rkúmh unplit smöar³minekitet ebicmbak;fnakarcmbak;)an. ducenh eyig k¾yl;rsb[mankic RBmeRBógBaNiC kmµedr. karn_enhefiv[eyigkan;etyl;kñaelig ehiyeyig kan;et yl;bbaðabanic kmµercineligedr. kic RBmeRBógBaNiC kmµ enhnam[cmenjcmebahmtisaklelakedr b:uenþdl;gnuvtþ eyig muxcaxvhxatehiy edaymkbis gáam. mitþcin³ ebimitþkm<úcaminyl;tas;et eyig GacCUn KeRmagkic RBmeRBógmYy ehiypakieyigtamgbirnwg BiPakSaKñaelIKeRmagenaH EtenAeBlenHeFIV)anb min)an k¾mingivedr. eyig sumbba ak;fa kic RBmeRBógRKan;EtCa ekalkarn_b:uenñah KµanelxcMnYneT. kargnuvtþ eyigefiv etatamkarcak;esþgcakargarépþkñúgrbs;eyig. s>m egog sari³ eyig yl;faeyiggacefivkic RBm erbóg)anenaeblenh erbahcaekalkarn_eyigeyak yl;kñaetaehiy. eyig Kitfa smmitþgnum nþinwgefivkar BIréf KWéf TI3nigTI4 ehiygeba IjeTAeFIVTsSnkic ena GgÁrvtþenAéf TI5/ 6 nig 7. ena»kasbipaksa eyignwg eliketekalkarn_rym ÉkargarCak;Esþgli ttuk[smmitþ ÉeTotkñúgKN³RbtiPUbnþkarBiPakSacuH. mitþcin³ sumeføggmnrkuncmebahsmmitþ egog sari Edl)anéleBld¾mantémørbs;smmitþCYbeyIg nig cmebahsvakmn_krnirbs;s>m. eyig ecocak;fa kar BiPakSaCamYysmmitþ v:an; rit k¾nwgrbrbwtþetad¾l RbéBEdr ehiynwgsermcparkic d¾l Edlsmmitþ li Qag )anpþam epijdl;eyig. karcybsnþna)anrbrbwtþetakñúgbriyakassiñt sñal ebarebjetaedaymenaseb atnacapartpabbdivtþ nigyut samkiápaby:agrcalerca ehiy)anbba b;enaem:ag 5nig50naTIl ac. efivenapñmebj éf TI 2 FñÚ 1978 éf TI3 Fñ Ú 1978 em:ag 3 resol smaspabkn³rbtiputamgsgxagduceblrbwk munnwgbnþkarcrca PaKITaMgBIr)ansMeNHsMNalKña BIbBaðaBaNiC kmµkm<úca-cin BIRBwtþkarN_sklelakmYy cmnynedlcagmenaypldl;bdivtþn_nigkarksagsgámniym enakm<úcanigenarbetscinnigcabrac½yxagneya)aytut eliqakgnþrcatirbs;bykvattiniymsuevot nigeqábermi rbs;vakwyynqøanbanelbtwkdi. tetatmb½r46 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 15

18 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar fteday³ cueshv kuhvm:an; 16 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

19 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar mcämnðléksarkm<úca 17

20 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar karsnþnarbs;smmitþegogsari enaéf TI19Ex]sPaqñaM1976 tcb; ehiybba ak;fa ducsmmitþelxamanrbsasn_ erkaybi «egog sari bnþfa eyig yl;exijfa GñkRbcaMkar s gáamelakelikti2 manrbetsmyycmnyneckcabir ducca «sermc)anrtwmetrkbx½nðxøün. duecñhrtúvkareblevla GaløWm:g; kuer: EtBMuTan;)anrYbrYm. manetevotnamet BicarNaEfmeTot. karedlsmmitþyl;fartúvbnüarebl )anrybrymcarbvtþi. enhedaysarkarts UGg;Gackøahan ehiy)anturelxbirsukefmetotexijfaeyigékpabkña rbs;rbcacnevotnamerkamkardwknamrbs;bksblkr TaMgRsug. BitEmnEtsmmitþ nay sar:an; esg hug nig evotnamnigrbfan hu CImij.» Es BMu)anenA EtRksYgkarbreTsenATIenHCMnYsKN³RbtiPU egog sari )ancat;tukc½ycmñhrbs;rbcacnevotnam sumsemþggmnrkuncmebahsmmitþedl)anxitxmrbwgerbg rbs;bksblkrevotnamfacac½ycmñhedleyigrikray efvikaredim,ibrgwgsamkáipabmitþpabrvagbkseyigtamgbir bmputkñúgzan³cayut mitþd¾citsñit bmput. duecñhxµamgcg;bgá RbCaCneyIgTaMgBIr. ÉkargarCak;EsþgeTAéf erkay ehtu ehiyman])aykly:agnak¾eday EtedaysµartI eyignwgtak;tgtamturelxetavijetamk. éf Na ExNa rbs;bksblkrevotnam k¾km at;])ayklxµamg)antamg enaéna eyignwgcrmab. BitEmnEtTUrelxGacEbk Gs;. cmebahevotnam egog sari mancmenocak;fa karn_sm at;xøh EteyIgmanGkSrsm at;cakarfanaedr. etagnakt kñúgdmenirkarrbs;xøün RbCaCnevotNamnwg» GMBIbNþaMrbs;smmitþ RTij Edlsmmitþ pan ehog denþim)anc½ycmñhfµiefmetot. )an]etþsnamcadmbugbg s; egog sari )ansemþggmnr GMBIsMNUmBrrbs;smmitþ RTij Edlcg;[mankic KuN ehiytamry³smmitþ pan ehon egog sari k¾)an shrbtibtþikarrvagrksygkarbretstamgbirenaeliqak pþamsyrsuxtukçetasmmitþrtij smmitþ el Dwkf Rbkb GnþrCati. egog sari yl;fa shrbtibtþkarenh edaymenaseba tnabdivtþnigcunbrsuxpabbriburn_ tamlkçn³rbetsnimyy² efviy:agna[)ancitsñit. nigc½ycmñhd¾éføføa]túþgá]tþmkñúgry³kalbdivtþfµi duecñhkarpøas;bþúrmtikñacabnþbnþab;tamkarcam)ac;. nigry³kalrbvtþisa sþbrgübbrgümrbetsevotnam. GMBIsnñisITkULMúbU egog sari snüanwgraykarn_cun b:uenþ egog sari mancm l;fa smmitþ egvóg efog KN³Gcié nþy_edaycrmabfa eyig minsuvmanéksar ««)ancybsmmitþelxab y:agna. smmitþelxa)anturelx c,as;las;et. kalenalim:a eyig KitKUrEtbBaðakm<úCa. [ pþamepjikarsyrsuxtukçrbs;kat;cmebahsmmitþ el yn;/ ÉbBaðaFM²elIsklelak eyigkmbugetrbmuléksarefm ertóg Cij/ pam va:n;dug nig v: egvógy:ab; ehiysumcunbr etot. duecñhkarpþamepjirbs;smmitþ RTij nam[eyig exij suxpabbriburn_nigc½ycmñh. bbaðaf~iefmetot. niyayrym crkbtþigaemrikmintan;erb» GMBIeskþIraykarN_sþIGMBIkare)aHeqñatenAevotNam FatuGIVeT. vaenacacrkbtþi varkrkb;vifinigmefüa)ay egog sari )ansnüafanwgraykarn_cunkn³gcié nþy_ kemþcbdivtþ. enheyig KµanRsBicRsBileT. duecñh 18 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

21 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar TsSn³eKalCMhrrbs;smmitþevotNamEdlfaRtÚvRbmUl BinitüdUc)anCRmabsmmitþ haysu. eyig k¾)ancrmab kmøamgrbqamgnwgcrkbtþtamgcas;tamgfµi eyig ÉkPaB smmitþlavedr. eyig efviy:agducemþcedim,ikmu[xµamgva TaMgRsug ehiykamrtclnaékracünigrmedahcati. ÉekaeyIg )aneliqakgnþrcati. ÉkarEdleyIg» GMBIbBaðaEdlCab;nwgRbeTskm<úCaeGog sari )an Rbkasdak;karTak;TgCamYym:aeLsIunighVIlIBIn KWRKan;Et snüafanwgrtihrihbicarnaefmetotgmbimulnificyykm<úca RbkasminTan;dwgeBlNadak;TUteT.» evotnam niglav ehiy egog sari yl;exijfa efvi egog sari )anbb ak;fa TsSn³nigeKalCMhrRbeTs ««y:agna[brgwgsamkáipabkñúgclnaminculbkssm<½n eyigtamgbirenaelikqakgnþrcatirbhak;rbehlkña CasMxan;. enakñúgcmenamrbetsminculbkssm<½n man KµanGVIExVgKñaeT.» RbeTseRcInenARk ehiymyycmnynenamans gáam CaBiess GMBIbBðaaCak;Esþg egog sari )anelikeligfa enaga hivk. duecñhebikitcaryml Cag. efviy:agnakmu[ek «edayrbetseyigtamgbirenacitkña smmitþ haysu nig RcENnfa KitKUrEtbIRbeTseyIg. eyig nwgrtihrih bgtam k¾)anelikesñi[mankaestniggñkftkunmkkm<úca. BicarNatamÉksar emilbc ½yl GaRkk;y:agNa. eyig k¾)ankit. kñúgnaménrksygkarbrets eyig» GMBIGas anvij egog sari yl;fa «RbeTsTaMgenH sumgeb aijgñkkaestniggñkftrubtamgxagecigtamgxagt,úg CaRbeTsnayTun ehiycarnbcrkbtþi. duecñhbmuemn BI3-5nak;kñúgry³BI1GaTitüeTA10éf. GMBIeBlevla CamitþeyIgeT. eyigk¾yl;rsbnwgsmmitþevotnamfa erscetsmmitþkmnt;. Exmifunak¾)an BitEmnEtExenH mansarsmxan;enagasui-gaekñy_. GgÁkarGas anminemn manepøógbnþic.» CaGgÁkarceRmIneT. vaminemncyybdivtþet varbqamgnwg GMBIbBaðaGakascrN_ egog sari k¾)anbicarnafa bdivtþn_dac;xat. rubpabvaenaqñam1967 qñam1970 nigqñam CaeKalkarN_eyIg minyl;tas;. b:uenþxagbec kets 1972 xuskñanwgbc úb,nñenh. ÉskmµPaBvak¾xusKña eyig RtÚverobcM[)anl bnþic. duecñhkñúgexkkáda ebiman Edr. edaybdivtþn_eyigqñhkñúgrbetstamgbirubpabva KN³RbtiPUGakascrN_evotNammkk¾)an. eyigefvi k¾pøas;bþúr. duecñheyig yl;favabmuemncamitþ. b:uenþeyig y:agna[cmenjdl;samká IPaBmitþPaBrvagRbeTsTaMgBIr. yl;fa kartak;tgxøhcakupakikwduccasmmitþevotnamfa GMBIbBaðaenH eyig )ankityur b:uenþmankarlm)akxag CakarrYmrs;edaysnþiPaB. bec ketsedleyig mintan;ksag)an. duecñhdl;ebl» egog sari yl;exijetotfa enhrkan;etcakar evlaceckkña sumsmmitþgafüars½yxagbec ketspg. «CMrujbdivtþ BIeRBaHebIrYmrs;ehIye)aHbg;ecalbdivtþ smmitþ pan ehon )aneføggmnrkuncmebah egog k¾min)anedr. eyigtak;tg EteyIgrkSaeKalCMhrrbs; sari ehiy)ansnüafanwgykmtienhetaraykarn_cun eyig. smmitþ pan ehon )aneta)agkk ehiy)ansáal; smmitþ RTij nigkariyal½yneya)ay. qatéq Qunhav:an duckña. erkaybi)ancybkñaena karsnþnartúv)anpakitamgbircat;tukfacacmhantimyy e)a:yeb:t ek)ansmucybeyig 7dg. EtedayeXIjfa ehiyttyl)anlt pld¾rbesirnigsmrsbtambmngbks KµanRbeyaCn_GI eyig BMu)anCYbeT. \LÚv Bic½y rtþakl rbs;tamgbir. karbipaksanwgbnþetotenakñúgcmnybelik )ansmucybeyig BIrdgehIy. b:uenþcybk¾min)ankargvi erkay. mincybk¾mincakargvi. duecñhcmebahrdæapi)aléf eyig kmbug CYg suparit mcämnðléksarkm<úca 19

22 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar nyncabdiesffamin)ansmøab;mnuss nyn Ca CaRbFanKN³kmµaFikarGcié nþy_énspa tmnagrbcacnenakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü EdlCa rbbmyy l,il,ajkñúgkarefvi[rbcacngs;rab;lannak; søab;)at;bg;civit. sbvéf enh nyn Ca mangayu77qñam etaehiy. enaéf TI15 Extula qñam2001 nyn Ca )an niyayfa «mankaresaksþaycatibmputcmebahkar)at;bg; CIvitrbs;RbCaCnedayGectna EdlbkSeyIg CaGñk dwknamrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyükµanekalbmng Kµanectna etasmøab;rbcacnéget». CamYynwgkarTTYlsÁal;enH nyn Ca k¾)anbdiesfcmebahkarecatrbkan;bierogsmøab; mnussfa «karecatrbkan;enh TTYlmin)aneT b:uenþkar søab;rbs;rbcacnbnþalmkbipabgt;xøannigcmgwtmáat; b: uenñah. karbdiesfrbs; nyn Ca manpabpþúyrslhnwg» ÉksarcemIøysarPaBmYycMnYnEdlmancMNarfñak;eRkam epijmkfñak;eli rymman nyn Ca pg [TTYldwgB b bba a[ sermckic karepsg². Exk Bin eha s U mantynaticakn³tmbn;4 RtÚv)an RksYgsnþ i)alcab;xø ÜnmkmnI Þrs-21 enaéf TI21 Exmifuna qñam1977. cemøiysarpabrbs; s U cmøgecjbiexsgat; siþgmbiskmµpabk,t;bksnigeqµahgñkculrymskmµpabk,t; cmnyn75nak;. eqµahmyycmnynedlcab;bak;b½n RtÚv)ancar fa «cab;ehiy. enaelicemiøysarpabrbs; Exk Bin» mancmnarbba ak;fa nyn Ca )anttyléksarenhmyyc,ab; «ehiy. )anrkexijeq~ah Exk Bin eha su enakñúgbb ai» b: ul Bt nig nyn Ca kñúgdmnak;kaltsu kñúgérbm:aki 20 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

23 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar kemþcenaéf TI18 Ex10 Extula qñam1977 enhbba ak; fa bnþab;bicab;xmuxamggs;ry³eblcit4ex nigrtúveqøc ykcemiøyrycehiy Exk Bin k¾rtúvggákaryketakemþc ecal. jwm sium eha sut CasmaCikvresnatUc701 vresnafm601 kgblpumipakknþal RtÚvcab;xøÜnenA éf TI18 ExkBaØa qñam1977 nigsyrcemøiyenaéf TI28 ExkBaØa qñam1977. bnþab;bi)ansyrcemiøycb; GtßbT cemøiysarpabrbs;gñketasrubenhrtúv)anepijmk PUmiPaK «knþal CUnbgnYnmYyc,ab; éf TI » esog pun eha pa RsukkMeNItenAPUmixSac;Tb; XMueRCaybnÞay RsukERBkRbsBV tmbn;42 PUmiPaK knþal tynaticacmnyykarvresnatuc701 vresnafm 601 kgbl174 PUmiPaKkNþal. tamcemiøysarpab )anniyayfa esog pun RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnBIbTrYmKMnitlYcdut XøaMgRKab;niglbkemÞcbgBk EkBk. pa RtÚvcab;xøÜnenA éf TI2 Extula qñam1977. cemiøysarpabrbs; pa k¾rtúv)anepijmk smmitþnynmyyc,ab; srmab;pumipak «knþal éf enakñúggtßbtenahmanbba I» eqµahkmøamgk,t;34nak;. 26nak;mansresrkñúgrgVg; Rkckfa «cab;» nigmñak; «kemþcecal. cmenk pa» RtÚvGgÁkarkemÞcenAéf Gan kn eha kul bba akarvresnatuc702 vresnafm601 RtÚvGgÁkarcab;enAéf TI26 ExkBaØa qñam1977 nigsyrcemiøyenaéf TI6 Exvicäika qñam1977. bnþab;bi)ancemiøyehiy GtßbTsarPaBrbs;GñkeTasmñak; enhrtúv)anepijeta «PUmiPaKkNþal CUnbgnYn1c,ab; éf » CUt ej: mangayu24qñam RsukkMeNItenAPUmiRClg Xu MRClg RsuktaMgeKak extþkmbg;cam bc úb,nñ PUmitaMgeKak XuMsUeyag Rsuk)arayN_ extþkmbg;fm muneblcab;xøünman naticasmacikvresnatuc vresnafm601 kgbl174 PUmiPaKkNþal cab;xøünenaexkbaøa qñam1977nigsyrcemiøy éf TI19 Extula qñam1977. CUt ej: RtÚv)anRkúmGñk syrcemiøyefivtarunkmµ[ttylsarpabfaxøünk,t; nigbgçm[ sarpabgmbiexsbnþajrbs;xøüntamexssgvak;. bnþab;bi CUt ej: sarpabehiy cemiøysarpabenhk¾)anepijeta PUmiPaKkNþal CUnbgnYnmYyc,ab; enaéf Edr. eyagtamcemiøyrbs;gñketastamgbynrubenh bgðajfa cemøiysarpabtamggs;rbs;gñketasrtúv)an epijmk bgnyn enakñúgéf -Ex-qñaMEtmYy. duecñhkarsermc nigkardak;bba ak¾sißtenakñúgebletmyyedr. enakñúgbba I smøab; maneqµahgñketastamgbynnak;rtúv)ankemþcenakñúg éf EtmYyeTotKWenAéf TI fivd,itetgñketasmyycmnynminrtúv)anyketasmøab; kñúgéf EtmYyb minmaneq~ahenakñúgbba IkemÞck¾eday k¾b:uenþ mangñketasrbehl14rubb:uenñahedlmanvasnaryc putbiesckiþsøab;enamniþrs-21. duckrnigñketasxag erkambmu)anrkexijeqµahenakñúgbb aikemþcenaeliy b:uenþ enaelicemiøyrbs;gñketastamggs;sut Et)anepIJCUn nyn Ca nigbak;b½n CamYy nyn Ca Edr Kg; ekon eha Gwug ev:t elxavresnatuc631 vresnafm63 kgbl164 RtÚvcab;xøÜnenAéf TI5 Exemsa qñam1975. enakñúgenaheqµah egon eha supl/ Gwug ev:t )ansresrfa eqµahenhsßitenakñúgkgrbcaclnacamyy xøün. eqµah egon enhrtúv)an Duc carfa GaenHeyIg «kemþcehiy>>>ga tan; em:g tamdmnwgfa bg15 m:uk Kat;kemÞcehIykñúg qñam 74Edr. cmnarmyyepsgetot» sresrfa sm enh xagmuldæankemþcehiy erkaybicar rycenaéf TI Duc )anepijgtßbtenhetafñak;elifa «bgcatiekarb kñúggtßbtenh mancarxøh edayekarb.» cmnarniggtßbtenhrtúv)anepijmk nyn Ca tamry³cmnar myyetotedlsresrenaxagelifa CUnbgnYn pþal;. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 21

24 epg s n; eha C½y CaRbFanRksYgBaNiC kmµ PUmiPaKkNþal RtÚvGgÁkarecaTfa)aneFIVskmµPaBk,t;. enaelicemøiysarpabrbs; C½y mansresrfa GanehIy «CUnGgÁkar2c,ab;ehIy éf TI smxan;ca TsSn³sRmab;BRgwgCMhrPUmiPaKkNþal. enacugbba b;» éncemiøysarpab C½y k¾)ansresrrayeqµahexs es>giu>gacab;bak;b½n CamYyxøÜn EdleQµaHTaMgenaHPaK ercinrtúv)ancab;xøün. Gwug b unhy eha exµa efivkarenarksyg]ssahkmµ RsukkMeNItenAPUmiGUr XMuBu TÞa RsukPñMRsYc bc úb,nñ XuMGUr RsukPñMRsYc extþkmbg;sw< RtÚvcab;xøÜnenAéf TI12 ExmIna qñam1977. cemiøyrbs; Gwug b unhy )anerobrab;bitssn³ nigekalcmhrbrisut rbs;xøüncmebahbkskumµúynisþkm<úca edaysarpabfa erkamkardwknamrbs;bg b:ulnigbgnyn kñúgbkskumµúynisþkm<úca )anefiv[xøünrchrslh ebjcitþ ekarbrslaj; nigedirtammak abksrhutluhgvsancivit rbs;kat;. knøgmk Kat;)anykmaK abksetagnuvtþpþal; exijfa TTYl)anC½yCmñHCak;Esþg. duccamak acemøós RbCaCnkalCMnan;GaecnLa ecnlacaeq~ahedl ln; Nul dak;[rbtibtþikarswkfm²cmnynbirkwecnlati1nigecnlati2 mak arbyut kñúgs gáamrbcacn mak ats Udac;xatKµancrca enaqñam1973 mak acat;tamgshkrn_ mak a Cemøós RbCaCnecjBIRkúg KµanpSar mincayluy mak abnþefi Vbdi sgámniymdwknamksagsgámniym BiessmaK aékracü m as;karxøüntibwgxøün.l. Gwug b unhy )anbnþfaerkamkar QøasévbiunRbsb;rbs;bgb:ulnigbgnYn mhaecakc½y mhags arüelikare)assm atbykgaexsk,t; es>giu>ga ka>es>eb nigyynelbtwkdienh nam[mancmenoecocak;man ematnpaby:agx<g;x<s;bmput. minetb:uenñah Gwug b unhy )anbba ak;bipabesµahrtg;cmebahggákarfa xøünkµantak;tinpøúv k,t;camyybykk,t;nab k,t;cmebahbkskum~úynisþkm<úca edim,ipþülrmlmbksedlmanbgb:ulnigbgnyndwknamet. 22 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar CU ect eha sui GtItelxaPUmiPaKbs imkñúgrbb km<úcarbcafibetyü )anerobrab;kamrtgmbiekalneya)ay e)assm atxµamgrbs;kn³kmµafikarmcäim[kan;etc,as; myykrmitefmetot. cemøiysarpabenhbba ak;fa³ «éf myy bg nyn Ca etacybenasalapñmcturs Kat;R)ab;BI ExSk,t;enAkñúgPUmiPaKbs im. Kat;ENnaMfa Tahancas;kMu ecogvi erbahgaenhvamingaylhbg;nuvkmnitcas;et duecñh RtÚvkemÞcTaMgGs;cuH. eblenah eqøiytbfa³ \LÚvenH [EtGñkNaRbqaMgnwgbdivtþKWe)assMGatTaMgGs; enasl;etekµg²cmnan;erkayk¾ykedr.» ÉksarepSgeTot)anbgðajBITMnak;TMngKñarvag fñak;elinigfñak;erkam nigkarttyldwgb Edlfñak;eRkamepIJeTA kan;fñak;eli sut EtmancaresIÞrEtRKb;bnÞat;cugeRkayfa cmøgcun³ G M/ G MnYn/ bgv:an;/ bgvn/ bgexov/ mniþréksar. enakñ úgturelxmyycuhéf TI LaMg )aneqø Iytb nwgturelxrbs; nyn Ca EdlepIJmk[xøÜn. xøwmsarturelx enahniyayfa «CUnbgnYnCaTIesñhanwkrlwk 1 eyig )anttylturelxrbs;bgehiy TaMgxøwmsarENnaMTaMgGs; eyig )ancab;garmµn_xøamgkøaedr 2 eyig )ancat;tamg RkúmBaNiC kmµmyyrkúmrbcampñmebj smmitþcynttyl. 3 GMBIviTüúTak;TgfaxUcenH CYsCul)anvijehIy min)an CUneT TukeRbI ÉviTüúfIµmin)aneRbIeT TukdEdl. eday PatrPaBbdivtþy:agkk;ekþAbMput. ÉksarenH)ancmøgCUn» bgnyn nigmniþr TukCaÉksar. Éksarelx16epJICUn b:ulbt ehiyrtúv)ancmøgcun nyn Ca erobrab;gmbilt pl kñúgsmrpumi «47 raykarn_fa «eyigkemþcxµamgrs;» )anrbehl100k,alehiy. xµamgrtúvkat;ca3kg;. eyigcab;)an3k,al. )aj;ecal2k,al edayvaelat TwkTenø sl;1k,albba ÚneTAs-21l acenh». eyagtaméksaredl elikykmkenh etigac bgðajfa nyn Ca mancmenkttylxusrtúvkñúgkarsermc nigsmøab;mnusscatiedrb et? li supl mcämnðléksarkm<úca

25 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav enaebledlkargt;xøanculmkdl; enaéf TI17 emsa 1975 GñkRsI RKÜc smgan RtÚvGgÁkarEx~rRkhmCemøósecjBITIRkúgPñMeBj [eta rs;enaextþebafisat;. ebafisat;kwcaextþmyysßitenatisbay½büénrbets km<úca sm,úrérbpmñnigtmbn;myycmnyn pþúketaedayemerak RKúncaj; nigxvhxattwkenarduvr)amg. kñúgrbbkm<úca RbCaFibetyü TwkdIextþeBaFisat;RtÚv)anExµrRkhmehA fadixøaj;. km<úcarbcafibetyü)anbba ÚlextþeBaFisat; etakñúgpumipakbay½bü nigeckecjcabirtmbn;kw tmbn;6 nig tmbn;7. erkayéf 17 emsa qñam1975 RbCaCnEdl rs;enakñúgtirkúgpmñebj RtÚvCemøós[eTArs;enAtambNþa extþnana rymmanextþextþebafisat;nig)at;dmbg. RbCaCn TIRkúg RtÚv)anExµrRkhmdak;eQµaHfa RbCaCn17emsa b RbCaCnepIJ. enatutamgrbetskm<úca TIkEnøgEdlRbCaCn 17emsaRtÚvlt;dMxøaMgbMputKWextþeBaFisat;. edaysar TwkdIextþeBaFisat;CaTwkdIBi)akrs;enApg nigedaysar karrkb;rkgmanspabrwtbnþwgcagtmbn;nanapgenah )anefvi [RbCaCnmYycMnYnFMRtÚvsøab;enATIenaH. enakñúgextþebafisat; RkúmRKÜsar rbs;gñkrsi RKÜc smgan nigrküsar GñkCemøósCaeRcIneTot RtÚvrs;enA knþalvalérbre)ahnigvals,úvd¾ GñkRsI RKÜc smgan FMlVwgelVIy KWCatMbn;EdlminFøab; manmnussrs;enabimunmk. tmbn; EdlGñkRsIrs;enAmaneQµaHfa shkrn_svays sßitena kñúgxmusvays RsukRkKr extþebafisat;. RbCaCnEdl rs;enashkrn_svays sut swgcagñk17emsatamggs;. shkrn_ svayseckecj CaeRcInkg ehiysmacik RKÜsarnImYy²RtÚvrs;enAEbkExJkKñaeTAeFVIkartamkg epsg². xøüngñkrsinigb ÚnRsImñak;RtÚveTArs;enAkñúgkg cl½t. b ÚnRbúsmñak;RtÚveTAeFVIkarenAkñúgkgP Ür. b ÚnRbús eba2nak;etotedlcakunepøah RtÚveTAenAkñúgkgkumar. cmenk«bukmþayrbs;gñkrsi RtÚvrs;enAkñúgshkrN_. enaqñam1976 «Bukmþayrbs;GñkRsI)ansøab; edaysar EtkarGt;Xøan. GñkRsI)anbBa ak;fa enadegðimcugerkay rbs;«bukmþaygñkrsikwkat;erskrkgvihub erbahkat;xøan Nas; XøanNas;. cmenkb ÚnRbúsmñak;rbs;GñkRsIEdl kalenahenacakumarenaeliy k¾)ansøab;edaysaret TaruNkmµBIsMNak;kumardUcKña. enashkrn_svays GñkRsI RKÜc smgan manrbsasn_ fa enaebletars;enatienahdmbug ExµrRkhm[RbCaCn hub)ayeq tcanic. kñúgrbcacnmñak;)anttylrbbggár 1kMbu:gknøHkñúgmYyéf. eblevlaeq tsáb;sál;enhman ry³eblet1exknøhbu:enñah rbbggárk¾cab;epþimbnßy mkenartwm1kmbu:g2nak;kñúg1éf bnþab;mk1kmbu:g3nak; bnþab;mk1kmbu:g4nak; bnþab;mketot1kmbu:g8nak; rhut dl;tibmputkwbbr1xþhdak;ggáret1kmbu:gb:uenñahsrmab; mnussmyyshkrn_. edimqñam1976 rbbgaharsrmab; RbCaCnenAshkrN_sVaysKWGgár1kMbu:gsRmab;bbr 1xÞHetñat. rbbsrmab;mnussmñak;²kwbbrmyyevkrtelak EdlcugePApÞH)aysmUhPaBdYsdak;cUlkñúgcan. emø:ahehiy RbCaCnEdlrs;enAkñúgshkrN_sVays TaMgmUlRtÚvCYbRbTHnwgkarGt;Xøany:agxøaMg. GñkRsIman Rbsasn_fa edaysarrbbgaharhubmineq t mnuss mcämnðléksarkm<úca 23

26 mñak;²xitxmedirebhe)acbenøbgáa søwkeqiérb rkcab;rti kþamxüg stvl itel acedlgachub)an edim,iykmk bmebjrkbh. bu:enþrbs;tamggs;enhmingacbm)at;pab erskxøanrbs;rbcacnet. enaebledlkargt;xøan Qandl;dMNak;kalxøaMgkøabMput RbCaCnmYycMnYn)an briepaksac;mnussduckña CYnkalKWCasac;rbs;smaCikkñúg RKÜsarxøÜnEtmþg. RbsinebIenAkñúgRKÜsarmYymansmaCik Namñak;QWCitsøab; smacikdétetotmintuk[gñkcmgwsøab; Tan;eT eknwgsmøab;gñkcmgwenahefvicamðúbsrmab;rküsar bu:enþskmµpabenhrtúvefviedaylyclak;min[gñkdétdwg eliy erbahggákarhampþac;min[mankarbriepakcaékcn k,t;smuhpabet. RbsinebInrNamñak;b RKÜsarNamYy RtÚv)anrkeXIjfalYchUbk,t;smUhPaB nwgrtúvman etasdl;søab;. manmnussmyycmnynetot)anlyckas; saksbedletibetkb;fµi² edim,iyksac;efvicagahar. GñkRsI)anbBa ak;[dwgfa enakñúgkgti20énshkrn_ svays sþiemm:aymñak;)ansmøab;kunrbs;kat;edlqw Citsøab; edim,iefvismøttyltan. enakñ úgkgti19 BIrnak; bþirbbn )ansmøab;kunrbs;xøüncmnyn2nak;cabnþbnþab;kñaefvica Gahar. enakñúgkgti23 kunrbús3nak;)ansmøab;«buk rbs;xøünedlcitsøab; ehiyrblhyksac;«buktuksrmab; briepak. krnimyyetot GñkRsI RKÜc smgan bba ak;fa )anekiteligcmebahb ÚnRbúsrbs;GñkRsIpÞal;Etmþg. kñúggmlúgex5 qñam1976 CadMNak;kalEdlrbbGahar RtÚvbnßyrhUtdl;bbr1xÞHmanEtGgár1kMbu:g. eday Gt;XøanxøaMgeBk b ÚnRbúsrbs;GñkRsI)aneTAsuMrs;enAkñúg mnðlkumarrbs;shkrn_twkcmuedlsßitenacm ayrbman 20KILÚEm:RtBIshkrN_sVays bu:enþrtúvrbfanmnðl kumarbdiesf minetbu:enñahefmtamgrtúvkumarenakñúg mnðlenahrkerogvaytb;rhutmanrbysenakmpynecig EfmeTot. rmlg)anmyyéf b ÚnRbúsrbs;GñkRsIk¾søab; edaysarcmgwettanusmuxrbysenah. enaebledl 24 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav GñkRsIyksBb ÚnRbúseTAkb;rYcfµI² Rsab;EtmanmnusS lyckas;sbenahyketakab;ci Ba amefvicamðúbgahar. 1s)aþh_eRkaymk GñkRsI)ansÁal;muxGñkEdllYcKas; saksbb ÚnRbúsrbs;Kat; enaebledlcnenahyksac; mkgamg ehiyrtúvqøbsgs½yk¾eqkrkexijbagdak;sac; mnussenaelipþh. CnelµIsenaHKWCakumarmñak;Edlman GayueTIbEtCag10qñaM. yb;myynaqñam1977 enaéshkrn_ekahcmu ebl EdlmnusSTaMgGs;kñúgshkrN_kMBugEtRbCMuCIvPaB Rsab;EtmanPaBep IleqaeLaedaysarmanmnusSéRBmk cab;ekµgyketa. bnþab;biqøbb½t cab;)an CnelµIs)an sarpabfa BImunxøÜnCakgT½BrMedaH ehiyenaerkayéf sac;saelahitcnrgerkaherkamrbbex~rrkhm mcämnðléksarkm<úca

27 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav 17emsa qñam1975 k¾rtúvrmsay[etaefvikarenakñúgkg dwkcba Ún )anetmyyry³xøik¾ekcxøünetars;enakñúgérbrhut. RkúmmnusSéRBenHmanKña7nak; KWCaRkúmmnusSEdleKc BIkarRKb;RKgrbs;rbbExµrRkhm. mðúbgaharrbs;rkúm mnussérbenh KWCasac;mnusSEdleKEtgEtcUlmklb lyccab;bipumiyketa. enakñúgesovepakmnt;ehturbs;smmitþ júk saxun CakmµaPi)alExµrRkhmmYyrUb )ansresrbaküesøak myyxøafa «esckiþgt;xøancaerakmanganupabcagektamg Lay». CamYynwgRTwsþIenH ExµrRkhmBitCayl;c,as; Nas;fa GVIEdlmnusSRtÚvkarbMputsRmab;CIvitKWGahar. ebikµangahar mnussmingacrs;)anet. etahbicayl; efvidmenirmkrsukkmenitvijenaqñam1979 c,as;y:agenhk¾eday k¾exµrrkhmebrcapþl;gahar[ RbCaCnticbMput kñúgxn³edlxøünbgçm[rbcacnefvikarercin bmput. enaebledlbrimangaharminmantulüpabnwg TMhMénkargar RbCaCnRtÚvTTYlrgnUveRKaHTurÖikS )ak;kmøamg nigkarratt,atbicmgwepsg² EdlTaMgGs;enHCamUlehtu namdl;karsøab;)at;bg;civitrbcacngs;caercinesnnak;. srmab;shkrn_svaysenakñúgxmusvays RsukRkKr extþebafisat; GñkRsI RKÜc smgan )an[dwgfa RKan;Et enakñúgkgti20edlgñkrsirs;ena BIdMbUgmanmnusS RbmaN200nak; erkaymkenasl;rbehlet35nak; bu:enñah. RKÜsarrbs;GñkRsIEdlmansmaCik8nak; enasl;et4nak;bu:enñahedlrs;ranmancivit. bu:l Bt elxabkskumµúynisþkm<úca nigcardæm nþiti1 énkm<úcarbcafibetyü EtgEtRbkasEkþg²R)ab;skl elakfa enaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;rdæapi)alkm<úcarbca- Fibetyü RbCaCnkm<úCamanCIvPaBrs;enAsm,ÚrrugerOg mangaharhubcuky:agbriburn_ manlmenazansmrmü man semøókbmbak;rkb;rkan; manesvasgámy:agrbesir man sµartibdivtþx<s; ÉkraCüm as;kar xøüntibwgxøün minbwgbak; brets nigmanpabesµi²kña. FatuBitenABIeRkayBaküsmþI TaMgenH RbCaCnrs;enAeRbób)anTaskrenAkñúgxÞmtUc² Edlmins½kiþsmCapÞH briepakgaharnigefvikargarduc stvfatu. RbeTskm<úCaTaMgmUlRtÚvERbkøayeTACaKuk\t CBa amg ehiyrbcacntamggs;køayetacagñketasrbs; KukenH. karsøab;edlbnþalmkbigt;gahar efvikar)ak;kmøamg rs;enakµanpasuk esvasgámkic nigsuxapi)alminrtwmrtúv bukrymtamgkarkab;smøab;rbcacny:agercinsn wksn ab; etot )anefvi[cmnynmnusssøab;enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbca FibetyüekIndl;Cit3lannak; esµinwgcag40pakry éncmnynrbcacntamggs;. san; klüan mcämnðléksarkm<úca 25

28 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav fñamgacm_tnsay fñamgacm_tnsaycafñamedlpliteligeday»sfkarini minsuvechgksrrbs;ex~rrkhm. fñamgacm_tnsaypsmecj BIb seqismbkeqiepsg²tamkarnwkexijrbs;ggákar ExµrRkhm.karplitfñaMeBTüedayKµankarBiesaFn_tam lkçn³vitüasa sþsuxapi)al )anefvi[)at;bg;civitnigxuc suxpabrbcacngs;myycmnynfm. fñamgacm_tnsaycafñamedlrbcacnkm<úca)andak; eqµah[ bba ak;birublkçn³niggsmtßpabénfñam. elakbu Gu k LayGIum )an[dwgfa mulehtuedlrbcacndak;eqµah fñamenhfafñam«gacm_tnsay erbahfñamtamgenhefvieligbib s» eqiérbmyycmnynkin[m:dælaycamyyc½rfñg;bn exµa rycsun CaRKab;tUc²mansNæandUcGacm_TnSay. mü:agetot fñamenhkµanrbsit PaBeT erbóbduccaelbgacm_tnsay ehtuduecñhehiyetibrbcacnkm<úca ehafa «fñamgacm_ TnSay².» fñamgacm_tnsayrtúv)angkáelxabkskumµúynisþkm<úca nigcardæm nþiti1énrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü «bu:l Bt» Rbkas[eRbIR)as;CapøÚvkar. fñamgacm_tnsayrtúv)an psbvpsay[plitenarkb;mnþirebtütamggs;tutamgkm<úca RbCaFibetyü edim,ibermiepñksuxpabcunrbcacneday \tlkçxnð. RTwsþIrbs;GgÁkarExµrRkhm)anGHGagy:ag c,as;fa «eyigminep kelibec ketset eyigqreli ekalcmhrbdivtþedim,iksagrbets GV I²minbdivtþ minefv I. «ebtüsgámniymrtúvkm at;kalsmnl;bisgámcas;» km at;tssn³stigarmµn_ekalcmhrerbir)as;fñamsm½y smburebb. bu:l Bt )anbba ak;y:agc,as;fa eyigrtúv» «erobcmcat;tamgrkúmrsavrcavedayrympsmvic a eyigrympsm 26 clnacak;esþgnigbiesafn_sklpg. etahbirubmnþmintan; cgrkgk¾eday k¾eyiggacplitfñam)anedr. eyiggnuvtþ ekalcmhrékracüm as;kar xøüntibwgxøünxagfñamsgáúv». bgrsi suk Kwm GtItnarIeBTü rbs;exµrrkhmenaextþtaekv )anniyayfa GgÁkar[plit fñamburan «fñamgacm_tnsay» erbahggákarcg;[rbcacn suk Kwm erbifñamebtüplitkñúgrsuk. GgÁkarmincg;BwgBak;breTs. mü:agetotggákarniyayfa «ebierbietfñambrets eyiggt; echplitfñamebtüerbiedayxøünégeliy» etahbimanfñamebtü mkbibretsk¾eday k¾ggákarmin[erbiedr. GgÁkarcg;[ ÉkraCüm as;karedayxøünég. rubmnþfñamedlrksygsuxapi)alénrbbkm<úcarbca FibetyübeRgón»sfkarIExµrRkhm[ecHplitmanCaGaT KWfñaMRKúnekþA famqwk,al fñamqwebah fñamkinin nigfñamxül;. ]TahrN_rUbmnþfñaMbM)at;RKúnekþAKWykdMLÚgmI edimkme):ay cin nigedimrbemaydmri hal[s ÜtrYckinbBa ÚlKña[m:dæ etibykmklj;camyytwkedim,isuncafñamrkab;. bgrsi jwm han GtItnarIeBTüenA PUmiPaKBay½Bü )an[dwgfa rubmnþefvifñambm)at;rkúnekþaman lkçn³xus²kña enakenøg rbs;kat; rebobefvifñamrkúnekþa KWykedImbNþÚleBRCnig RKab;EsøgeTAlIgbukRcbl;[ jwm han mcämnðléksarkm<úca

29 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav m:dæcamyydmlúgmi rycetibyk etalaysárrkhmtic² ehiye)ahbum<ecjcafñamrkab; EdlmanBN s². bgrsi benßmfa fñamtamgenahs½kþisit ib mins½kiþsit ikat;mindwget Kat; emoc fan efv ItamEtbBa aggákarbu :enñah. cmebahrubmnþfñamqwk,al KWeBTüExµrRkhmykEtdMLÚgmIkin [m:dælaysac;curtamb TwkRkÚcqµar rycsuncarkab;hal[ s Üt. fñamrtcak;efvibitwkrbmat;mnusslaycamyyemsami nigedimeqiercinmuxkinlaybba ÚlKña rycsuncarkab;². fñamedlplit)an CYnkalmanBN s CYnkalmanBN exµa. fñamedlmanbn exµa CafñaMEdlykC½rFñg;laybBa ÚlKñaeTIb bnþal[manbn exµa. bgrsi emoc fan nariebtüenamnþir ebtürsukrtamkk; sßitenaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;tabun. Kat;CabuKÁlikeFVIfñaMburaNEdlminecHGkSrTal;EtesaH bu:enþkat;gacplitfñamcunggákar)an. bgrsibba ak;fa kgqøbexµrrkhm)ansmøab;mnussenanrayn_ ryc)an bba ÚnRbmat;mnusSNaEdll mk[mnþirebtürsukrtamkk;ca erogral;ex edim,iefvifñambm)at;rkúnekþa. enakñúgesovepacmnmu CRmHrbs;tulakarRbCaCnbdivtþn_ ExsIha qñam1979 saksieqµah xwm malisc½nþ Gayu37qñaM )an[dwgfa nariebtüex~rrkhmkmbugkab;ci Ba amedimeqiefvifñam mcämnðléksarkm<úca 27

30 kgqøbexµrrkhmvhmnusstamgrs;edim,iykrbmat;efivfñam. taehog RbFanQøbenAXMus agpmñ nigcagtitsgçracenavtþ s agpmñ )anykrbmat;mnussedletibvhrycmkbgðaj[ bgrsiemil. taehog niyayfa Rbmat;mnusSEdlman suxpabl KWmanTwkeBj ÉRbmat;mnusSmansuxPaBminl mantwketknøhb bnþicbnþücb:uenñah. etahbiebtüexµrrkhmxitxmsmøab;mnussedim,iykrbmat; mkefvifñambüa)al[gñkcmgwy:agnak¾eday k¾fñamebtürbs; ExµrRkhmBMusUvmanRbsiT PaBdEdl. CYnkal fñamebtüca mulehtubnþal[gñkcmgwmanerkahfñak;dl;civit edaysar Etdak;layRKab;EsøgeRcInhYskMNt;. enakñúgkmnt;ehtu 28 egog FIriT RbCM ukn³gcié nþy_ egog FiriT rdæm nþirksygsgámkic nig siksafikar )anraykarn_ R)ab;GgÁRbCMuGMBIbBaðaEdl ebtüexµrrkhmplitfñamebtü BMusUvmanRbsiT PaB. etah Camanr)aykarN_y:agenH k¾eday k¾ bu:l Bt enaetbnþcmruj[ebtüplitfñam[rbcacn erbir)as;dedl. bu:l Bt )an elikehtuplfa «etahbica fñammanrbsit PaBb Gt;RbsiT PaBRtÚvEteFVIteTAeTotedIm,I dkbiesafn_». elakyay egon vihetnwg)at;bg;civit enakñúgmnþirebtüérblva XMulaybUr edaysaretfñamgacm_ TnSay. fñamgacm_tnsay)anefvi[elakyayvilrklab; cak;nigvegvgsµartienaeblelbvaculetakñúgebahmþg². elakyaybenßmfa ebiebtüeckfñamgacm_tnsay[ehiy eyigminrbmelb eyignwgttylkarsþibenþas nigvin½y benþjecjbiebtüetaefvikarenakardæanvij. Kat;xMRTaM elbfñamtambba arbs;ebtü etahbidwgfafñamtamgenahefvi[ suxpabrbs;kat;kan;etrtúdertamk¾eday. enaebledl fñammanrbtikmµ nariebtü)anyksáretñatmk[kat;bisa edim,ibnsabcatibulrbs;fñam. enakñúgmnþirebtü KµanGñk EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav CMgWNamñak;cg;elbfñaMEdlGgÁkarplitedayb seqi b sérbenahet. CYnkalGñkCMgW)anlYcykfñaMTaMgenHeTA e)ahecaletmþg. smmitþ RKin EdlCaRbFaneBTürbs; ExµrRkhmenAdIqñaMg PUmiPaKbs im RtÚvsøab;mYyrMeBc edaysarelbfñamgacm_tnsay. Kat;elbfñaMcMnYn3RKab; pþ Ün²Kña3dg erbahetkat;cg;qab;cashes,iybicmgwrkúnjak; bu:enþ RKin EbrCasøab;bnÞab;BIelbfñaMPøam. enamnþirebtü extþkmbg;cam sþimanépþebahcmnyn3nak;rtúvrlutkunpøam bnþab;bierbir)as;fñamburan Gacm_TnSay rbs;exµrrkhm. edaysaretykfñamburanefvicafñamdkbiesafn_tam bba arbs; bu:l Bt etibmanrbcacncaercinrtúvsøab; )at;bg;civitedaysarkarbiesafn_enh. ebitamkarsiksa )an[dwgfa karplitfñamebbburanrbs;exµrrkhmefvielig edaykµanbec ketsb k,ünc,ab;c,as;las;eliy. GgÁkar RKan;EtRbmUlta²sgÁmkic EdlecHrUbmnþfñaMburaN mk[ CYybeRgónBIviFIeFVIfñaMeBTüdl;buKÁlikenAtammnÞIreBTü bu:enñah. tabun CaRKÚfñaMburaN RtÚvExµrRkhmelIkbnþúb[ efvicarbfansgámkic RbFanEpñkplitfñaMburaN enamnþir ebtürsukrtamkk; edim,ibergóngmbivifiefvifñamdl;nariebtü EdlminsUvecHGkSrnigxøHminecHGkSrEtmþg. Ehm Gag GtIteBTürbs;ExµrRkhmenARkúgPMñeBj )an[dwgfa enaebledlggákar[kat;mkrsavrcavnigplitfñamburan xøünkat;minsáal;edimfñamtal;etesah. ehtuduecñhehiy etib efvi[karplitfñamechetxuckunpabnigxvhrbsit PaBkñúgkar Büa)al. etahca bu:l Bt dwgfafñamedlxøünbba a[plit BMusUvmanRbsiT PaBnigeFVI[RbCaCnmYycMnYnsøab;k¾eday k¾ bu:l Bt enaetbnþcmruj[mnþirebtütamggs;gnuvtþnuvkar plitfñam[tan;epnkardedl EfmTaMg)anGHGagfaman rubmnþpsmfñamebtücaercinedlggákarcgrkgtukcaesovepa srmab;[rksygsuxapi)alkm<úcarbcafibetyüyketa GnuvtþeTotpg. EGm suxxim mcämnðléksarkm<úca

31 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav tbielxmun vkáti6³ briyaygmbimnþirs-21 erkaybi)andwgnuvgviedltak;tgnwg sßab½nsvy½t myy ebalkwmnþirs-21edlcgrkgéksartak;tinnwggmebi KYr[RBWRBÜcnigRbvtþisa sþsrmab;bermirbbmyyedl sahavnigkyr[s b;ex< Im etieyigrtúvykmkbnül;b briyay y:agnaedim,i[manplrbeyacn_cmebahgñkedlenars;ran mancivit GñkRbvtþisa sþ niggñkgantueta? cemøiykwmanenakñúgcmbukenh Etmþg. edayrbkan;yknuvkmnit minlem ógetaeligviedlekitelig enamnþirs-21 mincg;brgüj GMeBIeXareXAEdleFVIeLIgenAkñúg Kuk b bt]rkidærbs;mcäimbks eliy. CMBUkmun²)ancgRkgb bkrsaynuv]rkidækmµrbqamgnwg mnusscatiedlrtúv)anrbrbwtþ eligenamnþirs-21. b:uenþerog EdlRtÚvyl;dwgGMBImnÞIrs-21 manercincagkarbdiesffavaca eroggarkk;. karbüayamesvg yl;gmbigviedlekiteligenatienah «etiekiteligy:agducemþcnig ehtugvi» vamansarrbeyacn_cagkarvinicä½yfal GaRkk; Pøam². GñkniBn PaKeRcIn)aneFVIkareRbóbeFobmnÞIrs-21 etanwgcmrmmrn³nahsúienakñúgs gáamelakelikti2. GñkniBn Edl)anBinitüCMrMNahSúI )anbba ak;nuvvb,fm én karekarbbba aedl)anch\t ibldl;sßab½nsvy½tnana nig bgðajbikarbm)at;pabcamnussedlekiteligtamgcmebah Cnéddl;nigCnrgeRKaH. karsiksagmbikarsmøab;rgáal etaelicncaticvihv k¾nameyig[yl;gmbipabminegiebiedlbyk semøgbimniþr s-21 vkáti6³ briyaygmbimnþirs-21 edaysa sþacarü edvid eqndl½r NahSú Ik¾dUcCaCnCatikm< úcabgðajdl;cnrgerkahrbs;pgxø Ün ehiymankrnixøhgñktamgenahsemþgecjnuvesckþirikray Edl)anmkBIkarbgákarQWcab;eTAelIGñkdéT. PaB\t emtþaefvieligcmebah GñkmankMhus nigkarsb,ayedl)an mkbikarefvi[gñkdétqwcab; KWbgðajecjtamry³ecARkm enatirkúgmusáúedlculrymenakñúgtulakarcrmhkþiefvi[etl emilkñúgtsvtsr_qñam1930 karsmøab;rgáalenarbets \NÐÚeNsuIenAqñaM1965 nig1966 GñkeFVITaruNkmµ eyafaenarbetsgahsg;tin niggñkedlerobcmkarsmøab;ena buesñónigr:van;dakñúgtsvtsr_qñam duecñhmnþir s-21 minemncagviedlfµimanetmyy enahet. etahbicay:agenhkþi enaebl eyigkkayéksarrbs;kukenh eyig)anrbthpabkyr[rbwrbüc y:agercinelislb;. eyigrk niyaygvik¾minecj. RbvtþiviTU CnCati)araMgmñak;eQµaH GaLaMg hv½rer:s Edl)ancUlmkTsSna sarmnþirenhenaqñam1982 )an sresrfa «xmtb;garmµn_min)an Tal;EtesaH ehiykµan»kasfanwgkitdl;b sresrgmbi erogenheliy. hyscitþnwgrkbakügvimkniyay)an». kñúgtsvtsr_qñam1930 elak buris ):asþ½rnak )aneta TsSnaksidæanshkrN_enAGtItshPaBsUevot EdlenA TIenaHmanmnusSrab;Ban;nak;)ansøab;)at;bg;CIvitedaysar kargt;xøan. ):asþ½rnak )anniyayfa «GVIEdl )an exij mingacrkbakügvimkniyay)anet. edaysarerog enhmanpabgmnussfm nigtukçesakmingacnwksµandl; y:agduecñh efvi[mangarmµn_faerkahkyr[rn t;enhhak;køay mcämnðléksarkm<úca 29

32 CaerOgGrUbiyKµanstism,Baس. enaeblenah cg;qw Etmþg.» enaebleyigcybrbvtþicaercinedlputrlt;gs; ehiyenh eyigcam)ac;rtúvetniyaygv IEdlRtwmRtÚvCak;Esþg CamYynwgmnÞIrs-21nigCaP½sþútagsRmab;CnrgeRKaH. b:uenþ cunafan s<in )anrmb keyigedayemilbircúgmçagetot fa enhcaesaknadkmµmyykñúgkarsresrgmbiesaknadkmµ «EdlTm n;nigkarerobcmershbakümanbbaðay:agxøamgeday sarkarqwcab; RtÚvkarfø wgeføgtambaküebcn_[)ansmrmü cmebahgñkdét. kñúgn½ymü:ag kic xitxmrbwgerbgrbs; ém:» LaM kñúgkarerbkøaymnþirs-21[køaycasarmnþir KWCa karb:unb:gefvi[mnþirenhkøaycakenøgpþúketaedaypabkyr[ RBWRBÜcBit²sRmab;GñkdéTTsSna. EpnTIk,alexµacdak; tamgenamnþirs-21edl ém: LaM CaGñkerobcMpÞal; manlkçn³garkk;érknas;rhutdl;efvi[eyigxøatkan;et q aybikukenh. duckñaenhedr ectiyedl ém: LaM sg;cmnysenaecigék vapþúynwgkarbkrsaytamfm RBHBuT cmebahllad_k,aledldak;tamgenakñúgectiyenah. RKb; erogedleyigniyayb sresrgmbimnþirs-21 b GMBI sarmnþirhaynpab KWmanxøwmsargayyl; nigrtwmrtúv etanwggviedl)anekiteligknøgmk. vacaerogrcmedl² nigniyayetgmbipabexarexaenamnþirs-21 nigsarmnþir EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav rbs; ém: LaM EdlminxusKñanwgkarniyayGMBIkEnøgnig eblevlaepsgetotedlekykmkerbobrbduccamyynwg mnþirs-21enaheliy. eyigk¾mindwgniyayy:agem:cedr BIeRBaH CUDIt skøa )ansresrfa eyigniyaykugekvet «BIerOgeXareXA BIeRBaHeyIgmindwgniyayy:agem:c.» duecñhetiehtugv I)anCaeyIgenAEtBuHBarts UBIerOgenH? etivamansarrbeyacn_nameyig[xitkan;etcitnigkan;et sáal;c,as;nuvpabkyr[rbwrbücenamnþirs-21b? Rbsin ebiy:agduecñhemn etierkabigñkganrbs; nigrub pþal; GñkNaCaGñkTTYlplRbeyaCn_? Canic kal RbvtþiviTU EtgEtlUkédlUkeCIgcUlmk. sresrcmbukenhkñúg xn³ebledl CaGñkTsSnamnÞIrs-21edayKµankar GeBa Ij. )annammknuvp½sþútagedl)anmkbicnrgerkah niggñkefvi)abcnrgerkahenakñúgkukpþal;. enakñúúgéksar enh erobrab;«cmuvijpabexarexa ehiyenhkwcakar» GnuvtþCak;EsþgRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; ducelak skøa )ansgát;f n;fa etahcartbüsm,tþi btbiesafn_xagrbvtþi «sa sþrbs;eyigmanercinb:unnak¾eday k¾eyigmingacdwg faetirtúvkity:agem:cedrgmbipabcagñkrgerkahenh. esþiretrkb;cmnuctamggs;ekgacniyay)anfa vacaerog minyutþifm bermi[plrbeyacn_pþal;xøün minéføfñúr minbit k,t;xøünég manpabpþúykñab manerkahfñak;. duecñhkar 30 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

33 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav eqøiytbtamebbgñksiksacan;x<s; KWRtÚvsresrRbvtþi sa sþrbs;cnrgerkahniggñkefvi)abcnrgerkah[)anrtwm RtÚvtamxøwmsarBittamEtGaceFVIeTA)an>>>.» enakñúgsñaédnibn rbs; enh )anbüayamgs;bi smtßpabkñ úgkaredirtamkarennamd¾l rbs; skøa efv Iy:agNa bba ak;caksindl;cnrgerkah ekþabnuvgviedlnam[mnþir s-21ekitelig nigkitbicarnagmbigviedlnam[sßab½n Rbhak;RbEhlKñaenHekIteLIgkñúgGtItkal nigedlgac ekiteligsacafµi. edim,iefvikic karenh)an RtÚvEtBuHBar CmñHral;karYjrasÞak;esÞIrminh anculetacit karryjra minh anculrymttylxusrtúvnuvgviedl)anekitelig nigkar cg;rksanuvtulüpab[dl;krmit. cam)ac;rtúvbüayam rkbakügvi[sm b:uenþgviedl)anekiteligenakñúgkukenah vabitcamantm n;xøamgcagbaküedlykmkerbietaetot. kñúgnamcarbvtþivitunigcanissitepñkgksrsa sþ )an BüayamGs;CaeRcInqñaMkñúgkarRKb;RKgTinñn½yEdl ykmk sresr ehiyesvgyl;nuvral;smenredl )angan. enaebledl RCmuCxøÜncUleTAkñúgbNÑsarmnÞIr s-21 PaBRBWRBÜcEdlsMgMlak;xøÜnenAxagkñúg)aneFVI[ etaenh bnþicetaenahbnþic efvi[cmnajpþal;xøünrbs; ercrwl nigefvi[ exsahdl;kartukcitþrbs;. btbiesafn_kalenahkwrtúv liclg;gs;ehiy. m:aeslú s Uer: GUr:UsáÚ Edl)ansresrRbFanbTén GMeBIeXareXAenARbeTsGahSg;TInenATsvtSr_qñaM1970 )anelikeliggmbibukáledlmankarsþak;esþirkñúgkarrbqm muxnigvipakeli)atuputenh. elak)ansresrfa Cn kmsaktamgenh)anghgagfa ÉksarTaMgenHKYr[xøacNas; «mingacefvikarvipakedaykµanpablem óg)anet. ral;kar b:unb:gkñúgkarvipakéksarenh nwgrmelapdl;rbfanbtd¾fm nigsµúrksµajenhminxan. enacugbba b; karvipakbegáit sacafµinuvgmebiexarexatamevahars½bþepsgetot.» s Uer: GUr:UsáÚ TajesckþIsMGageTotfa karvipaketaelipab KYr[RBWRBÜcRtÚvEtbnþeTAmux etahbicaéksartak;tgnwg RbFanbTenH xvhnuvtmnukcitþfavanwgxøatcakbipabrbwrbücbit «R)akd y:agnak¾edaycuh. enhminemnedaysarkar» yl;nuvgviedl)anekiteligenh efvi[eyiggt;»netas[ Cnéddl;eT bu:enþkwedaysar PaBRBWRBÜcKWCaEpñkmYyén «CIvitrs;enARbcaMéf». elakmanrbsasn_fa enaebl RbQmmuxnwgPaBRBWRBÜcenH eyigkmbugetrbqmmuxnwg GVIEdlminRtwmEtman enatienah et Etk¾manenAkñúgxøÜnrbs; eyigedr. mnþ Irs-21enACiteyIgCageyIgKit. ehtuenh TnÞwmeBlénkarBüayamsresrRbvtþisa sþkenøgenh[ «RtÚvtamsPaBBittamEtGaceFVIeTA)an )anbüayam» EsVgrkBt mantak;tgnwg PaBFmµta Edlelak s Uer: GUr:Us )anelikeligenh. RbsinebI«mnÞIrs-21 manenarkb;ti» kenøg ehiyeyigenakñúgenahedr BitCavIvrCaminxan b:uenþvagayrsülkñúgkarbnül;[)anek,ahk,ay. enaqñam1971 GñksarBt mancncatigg;ekøsmñak; eqµah háita swrwni )ancmnayeblcaercins)þah_efvikic smöasn_camyy]tþmesniy_ékmñak;edlrkb;rkgcmrmmrn³ enartib Íøgka. enatienahmanmnusscag1lannak;edlpak ercincacncaticvihv RtÚv)ansmøab;cab;BIqñaM1941 dl;qñam sþaghál RtÚvcab;xøÜnenAqñaM1967 enarbets erbsu Il EdlenAkñ úgrbetsenah Kat;rs;enAeRkameQµaHBit rbs;kat; ebalkwkat;min)anpøas;eqµahfµiet. enaebl Edl swrwni niyaycamyy sþaghál/ sþaghál RtÚv)an kat;etas[cab;kukgs;myycivitrycehiyenadueslduhv BI bt)anefv IskmµPaBenAkñ úgs gáamelakelikti2. sþaghál )ansøab;)at;bg;civitenakñúgkuknaqñam1972 edaysarcmgw KaMgebHdUg erkayebledl swrwni smöasn_ Kat;rYcnigmun eblnagecjpsayesovepaenh. enakñúgkic smöasn_ sþaghál )anxñhexñgcyynigxm erobrab;erbobefobbikarciba wmbi)ac;rbs;katuliknig kitþiysrbs;xøünégedlføab;efvicab:ulis CamYynwgGVIEdl mcämnðléksarkm<úca 31

34 Kat;)aneXIjnig)aneFVIenAkñúgs gáamelakelikti2. swrwni KYrsmCamYyKat;Nas; b:uenþbüayamrsg;yk Bt manbikat;gs;bismtßpabedlgacefvieta)an. enaebl syrcmnucfa ehtugv I)anCaNahSú Ismøab;CnCatiCV IhV sþaghál eqøiyfa BIeRBaHBYkNahISú «cg;)anluybicncaticvihv». bnþab;mk swrwni k¾syretotfa «RbsinebIeKcg;smøab; CnCatiCVIhVecalTaMgGs; eticam)ac;efvigmebikyr[gam:as;;nig exarexay:agenhefvigiv?. sþaghál tbvijfa KWedIm,I» «lt;dmgñkedlrtúvgnuvtþneya)ay. edim,i[ekgacefvigvi EdleK)aneFVIknøgmkenH.» sþaghál bba ak;fa eblevlaechetknøgeta Gñk efvikarenartib Íøgkak¾lt;dMsRmbxøÜn)ankñúgkarGnuvtþ Parkic d¾kyr[rbwrbüctamggs;enh tamry³karyl;rbmnig karcmrujeliktwkcitþ ehiyeblenahcnrgerkahkµann½y srmab;gñktamgenheliy ehiycatueta CnrgeRKaHEfm TaMgRtÚv)ancat;TukfaminEmnCaBUCsasn_mYykñúgcMeNam mnusscatitamgmuletotpg. kñúglkçn³rbhak;rbehl KñaenHEdr «kunb:ulisfmµta enavresnatucb:ulisbrmúg» s-s Edl RKIssþÚhV½r er)annig )anelikmkerobrab; mundmbugmankarrbqamgcmtas;minrbmgnuvtþgmebiebbenhet EteRkaymk )ansmøab;rgáalcncaticvihvrab;ban;nak;ena RbeTsb:ULÚjkñúgqñaM1941. cmenkégñkefvikarenamnþir s-21vij dmenirkartwgetgrbhak;rbehlkñaenhrtúv )anrwtbnþwgminemnrtwmetedaysarkarkitfaman xµamg RKb;TIkEnøgenABaseBjRbeTskm<úCab:ueNÑaHeT Eteday vin½ykµanemtþaenamnþirenhpþal;etmþg. RbsinebIGñkeFVIkar kñúgkukminrbmefvikarb efvikarywt qµamniggñksyrcemøiyena mnþirs-21rbehlcakøaycacnrgerkahmyyrmebc minduc GñkeFVIkarenACMrMNahSúIeT. minyurb:unµan CnrgeRKaHTaMg enhttylrgnuvkargarcatm n;. ducedl Kk Rss; )anrmb k erogcas;fa «BüayameFVIkary:agskmµ. ebi søab;k¾ søab;etacuh. efvib:unñwgedrebienaetsøab;etotk¾søab;cuh 32 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav varbesircagsøab;edaysarmin)anefvikarrkb;rkan;». cmebah Kk Rss;/ sþahál nig «kunb:ulisfmµta» Edl er)annig )anelikelig sarsmxan;énkarefvikargar)anl va lubeligviedlgñktamgenh)anefvi)at;etaehiy. kñúgnamca naykrtib Íøgka sþaghál ecocak;fa Kat;)anTb;sáat;min[ mangmebiexarexad¾érbépsenhekitelig tamry³karefvi kargary:agxøamgnigsrmbxøüntamrebobbba akarminlem óg nigmanmnsikar. sþaghál )anr)ab;eta swrwni fa «BitNas; karkit dl;gviedlekiteligenartib Íøgka k¾manedr. b:uenþ )anbgçmkarkitenh[ecjbik,algs;. KitEtBIerOgkargar efviehiyefvietotefviminqb;qr». b:uenþ sþaghál niyayfa etahcay:agduecñhk¾eday k¾kat; RtÚvkarpwkRsaCaeRcInEkvEdrenAeBlyb; edim,ibm)at;pab sµúksµajmuneblculedk. erkayyl;rsbnwggviedl sþaghál )anniyayenh swrwni )ansresrfa «edim,isermcnuvkarsmøab;mnuss rab;lan TaMgRsITaMgRbús TaMgcas;TaMgekµg NahSúI)an smøab;tamgragkaynigsµartietaeligñkedlxøünsmøab; GñkEdleFVIkarkab;smøab;mnusS GñkEdldwgfakarsmøab; kmbugetekitelig ehiykñúgkrmitnamyyenah>>>smøab;tamg ragkaynigsµartimkelieyigral;kñaetmþgedlmancivit nigcastvelakmanstism,cbaø³enarkaenah». eyabl; rbs; swrwni bb aak;fa edim,isermcekaledamnussxat enartib Íøgka NahSúIGacBwgEp ketaelikarsøab;xagsµarti rbs;bipbelaktamgmuletmþg. enakñúgn½yrbhak;rbehl KñaenH sumniyayfa eyigbegáit[mansmenrgmbimnþir s-21elig BIeRBaHPaKeRcInéneyIgTaMgGs;Kña RBegIy kenþiyetanwg)atuputmancritebbenhedlekiteligenaq ay BIGñkdéT. eyigkitfa GMeBIGaRkk;ekIteLIgenARKb; kenøg ḃ:uenþetahcay:agenhkþi er)annig/ swrwni niggñknibn epsgetot GHGagfa edaysßitenaerkamspabf n;f r mcämnðléksarkm<úca

35 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav duccagviedlrtúv)anrbrbwtþenakñúggmlúgs gáamelakelik TI2 krmitb RBMEdnénkarRbRBwtþEbbenHminGacTajecj CarUbPaBBit)aneLIy. Rb Im:UlIvI )ansresrfa «tmbn; RsGab;» )anbegáit[manqµamniggñketascaercinnak;ena GU sv Ít. er)annig eha «tmbn;» enhtamtssn³rbs;cnéddl; faca «BiPBminc,as;las;mYy RbkbedayehtuplCMruj stigarmµn_tmnas;niggatipabcrmúh CeRmIssÞak;esÞIrnig»kasniym srmab;bermiplrbeyacn_pþal;xøün RBmTaMg karsrmbxøünetanwgtmøab;myyedlputkuhknigbdiesfxøün Ég». kñúgn½ymü:ag enamnþirs-21kµantmbn;ebbenhet BIeRBaHKµankarsmKMnitKñarvagCnrgeRKaH Cnéddl; nig GñkmkBIBiPBxageRkA kñúgkarksagtmbn;enh. GñkeTas enamnþirs-21mingackøaycagñksyrcemøiyb qµamkukk¾bit Emn b:uenþbukálikkukenamnþirs-21gackøaycagñketas myyrmebc. kñúgn½yenh mñak;²enamnþirs-21sut Etrs; enakñúgtmbn;rsgab;rkb;eblevla. edim,i[kan;etsuicermaefmetot eyigcam)ac;rtúvcamfa mnussefvikarenacmrmnahsúinigmnþirs-21minsahavnig pþac;karduckñaet. PaKeRcInénGñkTaMgenaHmanlkçN³ duckñartg;fa minechgksr b minsuv)aneronsurt. burs KukTYlEsøg qñam1979 sþitamgenhrtúv)anbgçm[edirtyy:ag sahavyg;xñg. Bi)akkMNt;Nas; faetikarerciserisedayesri kar Kabsgát;Rbhak;RbEhlKña karekarb bba a nigmhicäta mankrmitrtwm NaeT enakñúggviedlek)anefviknøg mk. GVIEdleyIgdwgGMBIGñkeFVIkar enamnþirs-21 kñúgkrnipakercinduc EdlkarsikSaRsavRCavrbs;elak er)annig bba ak;rsab; KWPaBsamBaØ nigpabkµanxøwmsarrbs;gñkefvikarena kñúgmnþir. edaysßitenacamyymnuss ducxøünégedr nigekarbgñkttylxusrtúveday»nk,aldl;di GñkeFVIkarenAmnÞIrs-21k¾dUcCaGñkeTasEdr RtÚvCab; GnÞak;enAkñúgkEnøgmYyEdlKµankþIemtþanigK~ankarGaNit GasUr. karsßitenakñúggnþak;nigkarrbrbwtþgmebiy:agduecñhmin cam)ac;etniyaydl;erogenartib Íøgka GU sv Ít b enamnþir s-21eliy. dmenirkarenhrtúv)anesþgecjkyr[pjak; ep IleRkamlkçxNÐénkarecHdwgsmrmünigéføfñÚrenA ):alúgal;tu rdækalihv½rj:a BIrbIqñaMmuneBlmnÞIrs-21 cab;epþimrbvtþirbtibtþikarrbs;xøün. enakñúgkarbiesafn_ EdleKehAfa hsiúm)adu enakñúgqñam1971 RkúmnisSit bba b;]tþmsiksamyyrkúménsaklvitüal½y EsþnhV½d EdlsuT EtCaGñksµ½RKcitþ RtÚv)anerobcM[edIrtYRtab;tam vb,fm kargnuvtþcak;esþg nigtmnak;tmnggmnacénkukmyy rbs;gaemrikamg. enaxn³ebledl qµam»sb,aycitþnwg «karpþl;gmnacmk[xøün ehiy GñkeTas mankarp½yxøac nwgrtúvbm)at;pabcamnussecjbixø ÜnenaH BiesaFn_enHecHEt efvietamuxedaykµangñknarkb;rkg)an. karsakl,genh RtÚv)anbRgÜj[xøIkuM[tYGgÁmñak;²mankarQWcab;Tan;. enamant mcämnðléksarkm<úca 33

36 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav 34 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

37 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav mcämnðléksarkm<úca 35

38 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav GñkRsukGnøg;EvgmineCOfatamu:k )anrblak;rblúsnwggmebi]rkidæ RbCaCnPaKeRcInenAGnøg;EvgEdlsßitenAeRkamkar RKb;RKgrbs; tamu:k minecoesaheliyfa tamu:k )anrym KMnitnigRbRBwtþ]RkidækmµEdlbNþal[RbCaCnkm<úCaCag 2lannak;søab;)at;bg;CIvit kñúggmlúgebledlrbets km<úcasßiterkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;exµrrkhmbiqñam1975 dl;qñam1979. GtItnayTahanpþac;xøÜnmñak;EdlFøab;eFVICakgT½BExµr RkhmtaMgBIqñaM1970 bc úb,nñrs;enarsukgnøg;evg )an TTYlsÁal;fa enakñúgrbbexµrrkhmmanrbcacnsøútrtg; Cag2lannak;)ansøab;)at;bg;CIvitedaysarkarcab;yk etasmøab; karefvitarunkmµ karbg t;gahar nigkarbgçmefvi BlkmµhYskmøaMg. k¾bu:enþkat;bdiesffa tamu:k min)an smøab;mnusset. naytahanrubenah)anghgagfa mnusssøab;cag 2lannak;kñúgrbbExµrRkhmKWbNþalmkBIxµaMgépÞkñúgEdl culédculecigcamyybrets. enakñúgcmenamkmµapi)al 10nak; manxµamgépþkñúgcmnyn7nak;. xµamgépþkñúgetgetbmépø mak arbs;ggákar. GgÁkarbBa a[ykrbcacnetagb;rm ksag eronsurt k¾bu:enþxµamg)anykrbcacnetasmøab; ecal ėnaqñam1997 naytahanrubenahføab;)anb bu:l Bt niyayr)ab;gñkkaestgmbikarsøab;rbs;rbcacnkm<úcaena kñúggmlúgeblrbbexµrrkhm. bu:l Bt )anttylsáal;fa enakñúgsm½yksag rbbexµrrkhm Kat;)ansmøab; Tahannigm nþirbs; ln; Nul cmnyn3muwnnak; nigman bba IeQµaHkemÞcEfmeTot. bba IeQµaHTahannigm nþi rbs; ln; Nul Edl)ankemÞcrYcehIyenaH bu:l Bt 36 )anrksatukrhutdl;qñam1998. bnþab;bi bu:l Bt søab; bba IenaHRtÚv)anTahanrbs;bu:lBtdutbMpøajecal. cmebahkarsøab;rbcacnrhutdl;cag2lannak; bu:l Bt )antmøak;kmhusetaelixµamgépþkñúgedl)anculédculecig CamYybreTs. RbCaCnrs;enAGnøg;EvgEdlFøab;rs;enAeRkamkar RKb;RKgrbs; tamu:k mankarekarbrslaj;nigetgeteha tamu:k fa «ta». G Yn v:n EdlRtÚvCakµÜyRbúsrbs; tamu:k sbvéf rs;enapakxagecigtirymrsukgnøg;evg )anniyayfa «minecofata)ansmøab;mnusset». GY n v:n )anbnþfa tamu:k EtgEtCYysRmÜldl;kar xvhxatrbs;rbcacnenagnøg;evg duccapþl;semøókbmbak; mugpyy GRgwg fñamsgáúv nigmðúbgahar. enarsukgnøg;evg tamu:k )anksags<anebtugmyykenøg mnþirebtümyykenøg salaeronmyyxñg TIbBa akarkgt½bmyykenøg pøúvrkal RkÜsRkhmcMnYn3ExS eragcrkécñrkab;kamepøigmyykenøg eragcrkgareqimyykenøg nigeragbum<ekøgrkdasr)ak; erolmyykenøg. tamu:k eha ta15 maneqµahedim Gu g econ b Qit econ ekitenapumirbkab XMuRtBaMgFMxageCIg RsukRtaMkk; extþtaekv. enamuneblculbermibdivtþn_kñúggayu19qñam tamu:k )anbysenavtþmham nþigs;ry³eblcag10qñamnig echdwgcb;km<irrbhértbidk. tamu:k )ankøaycakn³rsukénrkúmexµr\ssr³ena extþtaekvkñúgqñam1949 nigkøaycasmacikbkskumµúynisþ km<úcaenaqñam1963. enaqñam1968 tamu:k )anttylnati CaelxaPUmiPaKnirtI. enaexkkáda qñam1971 tamu:k mcämnðléksarkm<úca

39 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav CasmaCikKN³kmµaFikarGcié nþy_énbkskumµ úynisþkm< úca. enaexvicäika qñam1978 tamu:k RtÚv)ancat;taMgCaGnuelxa bkskumµúynisþkm<úca. enaéf TI6 ExmIna qñam1999 kgkmøamgrbdab;gavuf rbs;racrdæapi)alkm<úca)ancab;xøün tamu:k ehiyxmuxamg rhutmkdl;sbvéf enh. bc úb,nñenh tamu:k kmbugrg;cam tulakarékracüvinicä½yetasnigdak;tnðkmµetatamc,ab; BIbT]RkidæEdlxøÜn)anRbRBwtþeLIgenAkñúgrbbkm<úCaRbCa- FibetyürvagqñaM1975dl;qñaM1979. enamuneblrtúvcab;xøün tamu:k Føab;)anniyayfa «enaelidimanmu:k enaelimu:kmanmyk. k¾bu:enþ tamu:k» epøceq akmuxcuherkamehiysba wgkitfa enaerkam)atecig rbs;xøünmansut EtreNþAsaksBmnusSrab;Esnnak;Edl )ansøab;erkamsñaédnigxyrk,alrbs;xøün ehiyenaeli k,alrbs; tamu:k KWmanc,ab;. erkagmbi tamu:k enamanemexµrrkhmcaercinnak;etot EdlkMBugbnþcMGkdl;RbCaCnkm<úCaEdlCaCnrgeRKaHén rbbexµrrkhm. nyn Ca EdlCabgFMTIBIr Føab;)an niyayfa eti smcaxatkredrb et?. enakñúgsmburt cmhcuncnrymcatikalbiéf TI16 ExsIha qñam2001 exov smpn GtItRbFanKN³RbFanrdækm<úCaRbCaFibetyü )anghgagfa «KµantYnaTIGITaMgGs;eTAsYrbBa ak;bierog kab;smøab;mnuss. erogtamggs;enahsßitenaeliéd bu:l Bt/ nyn Ca nig sun esn.» cmenké egog FiriT GtItrdæm nþirksygsgámkic nig siksafikar nigcasmacikbrmúgmcäimbkskum~úynisþkm<úca )anniyayenakñúglixittv:amyyc,ab;cuhéf TI7 ExkumÖ³ qñam1999 fa «kñúgnamcagñkesñhacatimyyrub enaet ekarbnuvkarlhbg;d¾x<g;x<s;nigk~angvierbób)anrbs;gñk TaMgenaH etahbicaek Ex~rRkhm søøab;b k¾enars;k¾eday. ebik~anbykenah Ex~rRkhm RbeTskm<úCanwgrlay)at;BI BiPBelak.» karniyayebbenh)anbgákarqwcab;dl;cnrgerkah nigpabgyutþifm y:agf n;f rcmebahrblwgcnrgerkahsøút Rtg;Edl)an)at;bg;CIvitenAeRkamkardwknaMrbs;ExµrRkhm nigcmebahkarbiténrbvtiþsa sþ. c,ab;kat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmrtúv)anrbhmhaksrt énrbhracanacrkkm<úca RBH)aT semþcrbh neratþm sihnu LayRBHhsþelxaenAéf TI10 ExsIha qñam Gs;ry³eBlCag23qñaMehIyEdlRbCaCn km<úcatnþwgrg;camyutþifm etic,ab;nwgedahrsayy:agna cmebahkrnirbs; tamu:k nig emdwknamex~rrkhmdétetot. GY n v:n EdlsBVéf kmbugrbüy)armögmbisuxpabrbs; tamu:k )anttucsum[mantulakarékracüedim,icmnumcrmhkþi tamu:k. Kat;)anniyayfa «cg;[c,ab;kat;etaskat; ebis[exijs ebiexµa[exijexµa. GY n v:n bnþetotfa» RbsinebIKat;manesahu ysrmab;efvidmenir Kat;nwgmk syrsuxtukç tamu:k enapmñebj etahcaminsgçwmfabu:lis GnuBaØat[Kat;cUlCYbk¾eday. karbnþxmuxøün tamu:k GUsbnøayeBlevlad¾yUrGEgVg edaykµankarcmnmucrmhkþi )anefvi[mankarecatcasmnyrfa etigñknacagñkttylxusrtúvcmebahrbvtiþsa sþexµrrkhm srmab;rbcacnkm<úcanigmnusscatitamgmul? etinrna CaXatkrBitR)akd Edl)ansmøab;RbCaCnkm<úCasøÚtRtg; Gs;RbmaN2lannak;? h uy vnñ³ sumsresrlixit b GtßbTBiPakSaCMuvijbBaðaEx~rRkhm epijmk TsSnavdIþ EsVgrkkarBit RbGb;sMbuRtelx1110 PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa TUrs½BÞelx³ TUrsaelx³ dccam@bigpond.com.kh mcämnðléksarkm<úca 37

40 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav Gb;rMkumarbd RsukRtaMkk;extþtaEkv 38 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

41 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav vtþ RsukRtaMkk;KWCaRsukmYysßitkñúgextþtaEkv tmbn;13 PUmiPaKnirtI. enakñúgesovepapumisa sþfñak;ti2edl e)ahbum<edayrksygsiksafikarkm<úcarbcafibetyüqñam 1977 )ansresrfa RsukRtaMkk;man14XMu nigkøay CamUldæanbdivtþn_muneKkñúgextþtaEkv KWenAPUmiRtBaMgFM XMuRtBaMgFM PUmiCagTg XMuCagTg nigelipñmdmriremol. RsukRtaMkk;manCYrPñMdMrIremolEdlmanéRBCMuCitdac;q aybi TIRbCMuCn gayrsyldl;karlak;xøünefvikarbrgwgkmøamgrbs; bdivtþn_ex~rrkhm. müa:getot RbCaCnPaKeRcInCaksikr EdlEtgCYbRbTHkarlM)akcMeBaHbBaðaCIvPaB. duecñhehiy enaebledlmankarexasnarbs;rkúmgñkts UExµrRkhmfa RtÚvbM)at;vNѳCiHCan; bm)at;min[mangñkmangñkrk RbCaCn TaMgGs;nwgrs;enAedayesµIKña ehiynigeliksþüyvnñ³ ksikrrkirkenah )anefvi[rbcacncaercinkñúgrsukrtamkk; culrymbermiclnabdivtþn_ TaMgkmøaMgkay kmøamgcitþnig RTBüFn. edaysarlkçn³pumisa sþgmenaypl rymcamyy RbCaCngayRsYlTak;Taj RsukRtaMkk;mYyPaKFMRtÚv ExµrRkhmkan;kab;taMgBIqñaM1970. enaeblenahexµrrkhm )anerobcmkarsiksasrmab;kumarcabenþ Ir². fvid,itetkumarmyycmnynkñúgrsukrtamkk;)anttylkar siksacabenþir²tamgbiqñam1970 k¾b:uenþrhutdl;gmlúgqñam etibmankarbegáitelignuvkn³siksarsuk RtaMkk; enasm½yenahehafaepñksiksarsukb vb,fm Rsuk. KN³sikSaRsukRtaMkk;RKb;RKgeday tasari CaGtItRKÚ bergónenakñ úgtsvtsr_qñam1960nig70. enaéf TI9 Extula qam ñ1975 mankarrbcm ugcié nþy_ sþ IBIkarRKb;RKgkarsikSaTUTaMgRbeTsedayEbgEckkargar smmitþgnuelxa nyn Ca TTYlbnÞúkkagarbkS sgámkic vb,fm exasnakarnigsiksafikar smmitþnari egog FiriT eha Pa k¾ttylbnþúkepñksgámkic nigkarsiksaedr Edl sm½yenahehaepñkvb,fm. BIéf TI11 dl;éf TI13 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 39

42 Exemsa qñam1976 GgÁRbCMusnñi)atelIkTI1rbs;sPa tmnagrbcacnkm<úca )anerciserissmacikrdæapi)alfµi edayetgtamgsmmitþnari yun y:at RbBn rbs; sun esn Cardæm nþirksygvb,fm Gb;rMnigsikSaFikar. enakñúgéksarsþigmbi «Binitü kþab; niggnuvtþmaka neya)ay sþarnigerobcmksagrbetsrkb;epñk» EdleFVI eligenaéf TI19 ExkBaØa qñam1975 )anecgfa vis½y ksikmµkwcaknøwhfmbmputkñúgkarksagnigkarbarrbets. ehtuenhetibkñúgtssn³rbs;bdivtþn_cmebahcmenhdwg)an cat;tukfa «vic akñúgkarts UEkERbFmµCati bgábegáinplnig vic akñúgkarts URbCaCatinigts UvNѳ» CacMeNHdwgsMxan; bmput. GñkEdlecHviC aenhc,as;las;nigefvikargarl KW RbCaCn kmµkr nigksikr. enakñúgggárbcmukn³rdæm nþielikti2 éf TI31 Ex]sPa qñam1976 smmitþnari egog FIriT )anttylsáal;fa kar lm)akrbs;kmµapi)alv½yekµgkñúgrksygsgámkic nig suxapi)al mkbipabminechgksrnigelx. enakñúgbt]etþsnamrbs;tmnagbkskñúg»kasgbgr satrxybelikti17énkmenitbkskumµúynisþkm<úcaéf TI30 ExkBaØa qñam1977 )anniyayfa karsiksakalbisgám cas;cmøgtambrets XøatBIsPaBkarN_Cak;Esþgrbs; sgámexµr mingacykmkbermikargarksagkarbarrbets )anet ehiyenaetbwgep knigrnbbretsminechcb;. edim,ibermiclnakarbarnigksagrbets[)anqab;rh½s karsiksa KWRtÚveronbeNþIrGnuvtþbeNþIr dkbtbiesafn_ bec ketsbenþir. eronrtwsþip ab;nwgkargnuvtþn_cak;esþg eronp ab;nwgblkmµnigkarbgábegáinpl. eronvb,fm pg eronbec ketspgehiycmenhenhkweronmkbisalacak;esþg enatamshkrn_nigeragcrk. TisedAsMxan;cMeBaHmux KWbM)at;PaBminecHGkSr nigbrgikxagbec ketsvitüasa sþ EdlrYmman bec ketsksikmµ RsUv ekas U bec kets ]sshkmµ nigksagrbb½n smng;eckcaytwk. 40 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav enakñúgkermagkic dmenirkarvb,fm Gb;rMsikSaFikar vitüasa sþ )ankmnt;trmg;tiskñúgkarsiksa KWedIm,IbeRmI esckþirtúvkarcmebahmux nigbermixagplitkmµsmuhpab CIvPaBRbCaCn nigkic karbarrbets. karsiksagksrnigelx karsiksakñúgrsukrtamkk;enaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs; clnats U ExµrRkhm )ancab;epþimbenþir²enaqñam1970 bu:enþmintan;erobcmcatuetaenaeliyet. mantmbn;myycmnyn sßitenaerkamkarkan;kab;rbs;rbbsafarnrdæexµrena eliy ehiytmbn;xøhetotmans gáamf n;f rmingacbgá lkçn³gayrsyldl;kareronsurtrbs;kumar. kumareron surtbm usuv)ancab;lab;et BIeRBaHeBlenaHkMBugEtmans gáam ehiykumarrtúvrt;ekcbirkab;epøagnigrkab;ebktmøak;bi ynþehah. enakñúgrsukrtamkk;munqñam1975 kumaranigkumarirtúv eroncamyykñakñúgfñak;etmyy. cmenkkmµvifisiksak¾bmutan; )anerobcmenaeliyedr KWRKÚbeRgóneTAtamGIVEdlxøÜn echcam. enaerkayeblrmedahqñam1975 kumarrtúvrs;ena tamkg mankgkumaranigkumari nigrtúveronsurtetatam kgrbs;xø Ün. karkmnt;gayueronsurt enarsukrtamkk;manetkumaredlrs;enakñúgkgkumar mangayucab;bi6-7qñamdl;15-16qñamb:uenñahedl)an eronsurt. karkmnt;gayukumar[culeronkwenagayu6qñam b GñkEdlGacykédlUkrMlgk,aleTAb:HnwgRtecok)an. vifienh mas supløa )angh Gagfa CaviFIEdlmantaMgBI burankalmk. hm h n CaRKÚbeRgón kumar )anerobrab;bikarsiksa rbs;sissenarsukrtamkk; kñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü hm h n mcämnðléksarkm<úca

43 u EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav fa «manetkumaretedl)aneronsurt ebiculdl;kgnari GgÁkarmin[eroneT BIeRBaHnaM[xateBl kgnaricat;cul CakmøaMgRsYcEdlRtÚveFIVBlkmµeRcIn». qñam1975 esam Narin mangayu15qñam RtÚvGgÁkar erobcm[kat;etars;enakñúgkg yuvcn. kñúgry³eblcag3 qñamerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;rbb km<úcarbcafibetyü Narin minedl)aneronsurteliy. esam Narin enaqñam1976 R)ak; epa RtÚveTArs;enAkñúgkgkumar b:uenþmin)anmyyqñampg RtÚvbþÚr etakgnarivij. eblculkg nari epa min)aneronetotet BIeRBaHKµankareronsURtenA kñúgkgnarienarsukrtamkk;. R)ak; epa eblevlanigtikenøgsiksa enaqñam1970 enakñúgpumirbs; mas supløa kumar eronsurtenakñúgxþmnigkñúgvtþ edaysarxøacynþehahtmøak; RKab;Ebk. Din Dn Føab;)aneFVICaRKÚbeRgónkumar ehiyk¾ CaGñkbNþ úhbnþalrkúsrmab;bergónkumarenakñúgtmbn;rmedah tamgbiqñam1970. enaeblenah kumargaceron)anmyyéf BI2eTA3em:ag b CYnkaleronknøHéf. enaqñam1972 kñ úgxm rbs; Din Dn mankartmøak;rkab;ebkeb-52 ehtuenh ehiykumartamggs;rtúveronkñúgtikm)amgduccakñúgérbcaedim. enaek,rkenøgeronrbs;kumaretgetmanelndæansrmab; lak;xø ÜnCanic enaeblmanynþehahtmøak;rkab;ebkmkdl;. enaeblnamankartmøak;rkab;ebkxøamg kumarrtúvp akkar eronsurt rhutdl;manpabs b;s at;eligvij. eblevlaénkareronsurtrbs;kumarenamunqñam1975 minduckñaet. enakenøgxøh kumar)aneronmyyéf BI3eTA4 em:ag KWBak;kNþaléf b eblrbwk b ebll ac. b:uenþena kenøgxøhetot kumareron)anetmyyem:agebléf Rtg;b: uenñah. karebgeckeblevlasiksaenhkwgars½yetaelispabkarn_ GnueRKaH nigrkúbergónedlmanebltmenrgacbergón)an. taméksar Binitü kþab; niggnuvtþn_maka neya)ay «sþaresdækic nigerobcmksagrbetsrkb;epñk EdleFIVeLIg» enaéf TI19 ExkBaØa qñam1975 )ankmnt;eblevlasiksa KWenAem:ag12éf Rtg;. karsiksaenhrtúveqøóteblmin[ b:hbal;dl;eblevlaefviblkmµbgábegáinpleliy. ena ebledlkumarechgannigsresr)anrkan;ebiehiy etib manbenßmmuxvica PUmiviTüaRbeTsExµrmYymuxeTot. cmebahkarsiksarbs;kumarkñ úgrsukrtamkk; Dul CIm )an niyayfa kareronsurtsmxan;rbs;kumarkweronxagcak;esþg «eronefiversefivcmáar nigeron efivcifmµcati.» pat; smurt Cakumar kñúgkg Kat;eronmYyéf )an RbEhlknøHem:ag erongksr Dul CIm )anet2-3ty. Kat;minsUv ykcitþtukdak;et BIeRBaH enoyht;nwgkargar ehiy Kat;EtgeKceTAsRmakedIm,I ykkmøamgerkdieblresol etot. sur cmerin k¾)anniyay Edrfa Kat;eronmYyéf )anmyy pat; smurt em:agetamyyema:gknøh eronsurtminsuv)anditdl;et. enakñúgéksar spabkarn_énkarksagrbetscati «eyigelirkb;epñktamggs;»edlefvieligenaqñam1976)an sresrfa³ kñúgdmenirkarénkarsiksa minemnrbrbwtþkñúg salaeronet KWeronkñúgkargarCak;Esþg cmenksbaøab½rtkw «sþúgl EfdMNaM)anl.» mcämnðléksarkm<úca 41

44 duccaekalkarn_edl)anecjedr TIkEnøgsRmab; kumarkñúgrsukrtamkk;eronsurtkwkµanbnþb; tu nigekagirtwm RtÚveT KWkumarRtÚvGgÁúypÞal;dI. G Uc m:n )anniyayfa sissrbs;kat;kµansala b fñak;srmab;eronrtwmrtúvet kumarrtúveronenaerkammøb; eqiek,rkenøgefvikar. pat; smurt Cakumarrs;enAkñúgkg k¾)anniyayedrfa ebleron Kat;RtÚvGgÁúyenAeRkammøb; edimdug. muxvic aedlrtúveron kñúgkarsiksaenhman e)ahbum<esovepabum<emeronsrmab;rkúbergónyketa erbir)as;edr. kñúgéksaredlenasl; manesovepa eronelxnigerongksrfñak;ti1nigti2 esovepapumisa sþ kumarenakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü G Uc m:n EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav neya)ayfñak;ti2 nigesovepapumivitüamyyk,aletotedl mingacdwg)anfasrmab;siksaenafñak;tib:unµan BIeRBaHdac; Rkb. karsiksaenhbmumankarrblgeligfñak; nigrblg yksbaøab½rteliy. fñak;ti1manesovepaerongksrnigeronelx. ena kñúgesovepaerongksredle)ahbum<enaqñam1976eday rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü man108tmb½r EckCa3Epñk EpñkTI1man46emeron KWeronGMBIRs³ BüBa n³ nigrebob Rbkb EpñkTI2man1emeronKWeronGMBIevyüakrN_ Epñk TI3man15emeron manemeronnigkmnabüedlmantiseda Gb;rM[kumarRsLaj;bdivtþn_ ekarbrslaj;ggákarnigxitxm efvikargarksikmµ. srmab;fñak;ti1enh k¾manesovepaeron elxedle)ahbum<edayrksygsiksafikarkm<úcarbcafibetyüenaqñam1976edr. esovepaeronelxfñak;ti1 PaK1 mankrmas;53tmb½r EckecjCa22emeron EdleronGMBI 42 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

45 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav cmnynbi1dl;10000 erongmbivifibukelxnigkunelx. enafñak;ti2 manesovepaerongksr eronelx nig PUmisa sþneya)ay. kñúgesovepaerongksrfñak;ti2edl e)ahbum<edayrksygsiksafikarkm<úcarbcafibetyüena qñam1977 mankrmas;130tmb½r EckecjCa5Epñk KW Epñkksikmµ Epñk]sSahkmµnigsib,kmµ EpñkkgT½Bbdivtþ EpñksgÁmkic nigsuxapi)al nigepñktueta. enarkb;epñktamg Gs; emeron)anelikbgðajgmbikargarkñúgsm½ybdivtþtam EpñknImYy² ehiy[kumarculrymefvikargartamggs;enah. esovepaeronelxfñak;ti2e)ahbum<kñúgqñam1977. esovepa eronelxfñak;ti2mankrmas;112tmb½r EckCa3Epñk. Epñk TI1man17emeron[kumarsikSaGMBIcMnYnrebobKuNelx ercinxþg; TsPaK RbPaK EpñkTI2man1emeronsþIGMBI rgvas;épþrkla nigepñkti3man9emeronsþigmbiépþénrag ekanepsg². esovepapumisa sþneya)ay fñak;ti2 )ane)ahbum<enaqñam1977 edayrksygsiksafikarkm<úca RbCaFibetyü mankrmas;70tmb½r EckecjCa2Epñk KWEpñkTI1man1emeronsþIGMBIRbCaCatinigRbCaCn km<úca EpñkTI2man11emeronsþIGMBIkarcat;taMgrdæGMNac GMBI shkarn_ shcib nigextþtamggs;kñúgrbetskm<úca. enakñúgrsukrtamkk; karsiksarbs;kumareckca3fñak; KWfñak;TI1 TI2 nigti3. srmab;fñak;ti1nigti2 maneron GkSrnigelx cmenkéfñak;ti3 kumargacgannigsresr )anxøh nigmanbenßmnuvmuxvic apumivitüamyymuxetot. fivd,itetkarsiksaenarsukrtamkk;man3fñak; k¾b:uenþenakñúg ry³ebl siksatamg3fñak;enaherbir)as;etesovepaeron elx-gksrfñak;ti1 nigesovepapumivitüamyyk,aldac;rkb EdlminGacdwgfae)aHBum<qñaMNanigsRmab;beRgónfñak; TIb: unµanb: uenñah. GMBIRKÚbeRgón kñúgkarebgeckvnñ³kñúgsgámexµr rbbkm<úcarbca- Fibetyü)ancat;TukGñkEdl)aneronsURtx<g;x<s; mansbaøab½rtbisgámcas;ca vnñ³gnufn. GñkEdlenA kñúgvnñ³gnufnkwcarbeptmnussedlmancmhrminnwgn ercingytgag enaeblmanspabkarn_furrsaletibskmµ cmebahkargar enaeblmanspabkarn_twgetgercinerra. ekalcmhrebbenhcat;tukfaefvi[ramgsþhdl;dmenirkar bdivtþ ehtuduecñhehiyetibmankarrbúgrby½tñcmebahmnuss kñ úgvnñ³gnufnrkb;tikenøgnigrkb;kargar. enakñúg «ekalneya)ayvb,fm nabc úb,nñ» rbs;exµr RkhmmuneBl)aneLIgkan;GMNac )anecjekalkarn_fa kareronsurtrtúverobcmrtwmkrmitbzmsiksa ehiykar siksaenhrtúvefvitambaküesøak GñkecHeRcInbgðat;Gñk «echtic. BaküesøakenHk¾RtÚv)anykmkGnuvtþenAeRkay» eblrmedahqñam1975ercincagmuneblrmedahetaetot. GñkecHeRcInEdlmanEcgkñúgBaküesøakenHKWmin)an rab;bba ÚlnUvGñkecHdwgEdl)aneronsURtkalBIsgÁmmun EdlRtÚv)ancat;TukCaGñkzitkñúg vnñ³gnufn eliy. enakñúgesovepaeronsurtrbs;kmµapi)alexµrrkhmedl )anebikvkáeronsurtenaéf TI23 Exkkáda qñam1975 )an sresrenakñúgepñk RtÚvykcitþTukdak;CMhrvNѳrbs;bkS fa cmebahbbaøacnmin[bergónet elikelgbbaøacnedl )anrs;enakñúgtmbn;rmedahb )anttylkargb;rmbibkstamgbiqñam fivd,itekalkarn_fa bbaøacnedl)anttylkargb;rm kñúgtmbn;rmedahtamgbiqñam rtúvtuk[bermikargar k¾eday k¾enakñúgrsukrtamkk;enaetmankarerisegigcmebah GñkEdlmancMeNHdwgBImun mkdedl. Ca TUc Føab;RtÚv RbFanPUmieRCIserIseFVICaRKÚ bergónkumarenaqñam1972. cab;biqñam1973enakñúgpumi rbs; TUc mankarpøas;bþúr RbFanPUmiedayykGñk Ca TUc mcämnðléksarkm<úca 43

46 dac;xat. cab;bieblenahmk RKÚbeRgónEdlmancMeNH dwgercinkñúgpumirbs; TUc k¾rtúvcrmúhmþgmñak;² rhutdl;qñam 1975 TUc k¾rtúvcrmúhedr BIeRBaHKat;)anerondl;fñak; TI4cas;. RKÚbeRgónenARsukRtaMkk;cat;taMgeLIgedayKN³ siksa b KN³PUmi-XMu KWsMedAykGñkmanRbvtþirUbl mansmaspabcab;clnabdivtþn_. RKÚbeRgónmannaTICa RbFankgkumarEdlRtÚvdwknaMkumar[eFIVBlkmµpg nigca GñkGb;rMeKalCMhrbdivtþn_dl;kumarpg cmenkkarbergón GkSrCaParkic bnþab;bnsmetbu:enañh. Din Dn )anniyayfa fñak;dwknaménrbbkm<úcarbca- Fibetyü)ankRmitTisedAkarsikSa[ecHGkSrnigelx. duecñhehiy karerciserisrkúbergónk¾mincam)ac;rkgñkman cmenhdwgercarchedr KWeRCIserIsEtGñkEdlecHGkSrnig elxtictycb:uenñah. enaqñam1970 karerciserisrkú bergónbmumankarkitkurdl;ninñakaret rhutdl;qñam1975 cab;epþimmankarcrmúhrkúbergónnaedlmancab;bak;b½n ninñakar ehiytuketgñkedlmansmaspabl. Dul CIm CaKN³XMuBeBl cab;biqñam1976 rhutdl; karbrac½yénrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü )anniyayfa RKÚ «bergónechtictyck¾)anedr [EtesµaHRtg;nwgGgÁkar. karerciserisrkúbergón KWRbLgtamsµartIEdleyIgyl; BITisedAsgÁmniym KµankarRbLgGkSrsa sþb yk sbaøab½rtet.» enaqñam1970 G Uc m:n )anqb;eronrtwmfñak;ti8cas; fñak;ti5bcú b,nñ rhutdl;qñam1973 Kat;manGayu15qñaM Kat;)anrNsirSrYbrYmCatieRCIserIs[eFI VCaRKÚbeRgónkumar rhutdl;cugqañm1978. tamkarennamrbs; tasari Edl EtgEtehA m:n etarbcmumyyexmþg² KW[ m:n Gb;rMkumarBI erogefviblkmµetb:uenñah. hm h n bergónkumareteblsrmakéf Rtg;bnÞab;BI )ayryc. kñúgmyyéf Kat;beRgón)anEtmYyem:agb:ueNÑaH. 44 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav h n k¾)anniyayedrfa karsiksaenhrkan;etgac[kumar «echdwgbielxniggksrtictycbu:enñah.» cmenk Eb:n yag kñúgqñam1972 mangayu16qñam Føab;erondl;fñak;TI9 esµifañk; TI4bc úb,nñ )anrblgcab; elx1kñúgkarerciserisrkú Eb:n yag bergónkñ úgpumiedlman tasari RbFanEpñkvb,Fm RsukRtaMkk; efvicaemrbeyak. rhutdl; erkayéf TI17 Exemsa qñam 1975 yag )anbergónkumarfñak;ti3edlcafñak;x<s; bmput. edaysarlmhat;edlmancemøiyrsab; duecñh karbergónenhminecatcabbaðagvisrmab; yag nigrkúdét eliy etahbirkúminechk¾gacbergón)anedr. erkayeblrmedahqñam1975 biun Nm RtÚvGgÁkar erciseris[etaenakgkumar. enakñ úgkgkumar Nm )aneron surtgksrbnþ icbnþ ÜcEtbu :enñah. enakñúgkgkumarcagmyyqñam Nm RtÚvRbFankgrbs;Kat;eRCIserIs[eFVICaRKÚbeRgón kumartuc². enaeblenah Nm KµancMeNHdwgGVIsRmab; bergónkumareliy. Caerogral;éf enaebledldl;em:ag bergón Nm EtgEtnaMsisSGgÁúyCECkKñaelgenAeRkam edimeqi. smöarsiksa Éksar «Binitü kþab; niggnuvtþn_maka neya)ay sþaresdækic nigerobcmksagrbetsrkb;epñk EdleFIVenA» éf TI19 ExkBaØa qñam1975 )ansresrfa kñúgkarsiksa RtÚvmanexµAédnigesovePA. fivd,itetmanekalkarn_ebbenhk¾eday k¾enarsuk RtaMkk; karsiksarbs;kumarpakercinmankarxvhxatsbv Ebby:ag kumarrtúvykpk;)atrtbamgmklj;cadmumul b ykdmlúgmicitcaragmul²dak;haléf efivcadis. ena kenøgxøh kumargacmansmöarsiksabnþicbnþücetb:uenñah. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

47 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav G Uc m:n )anniyayfa kunsissrbs;kat;manexµaéd srmab;erbir)as; riéesovepakumartamgenahrtúvykrkdas FM²Edlsl;BIeragcRkCMnan;munmkkat;bt; ehiyedrca esovepa. cmebahkumaredlminechm as;karécñrbditefvi esovepaedayxøünég KWKµanesovePAsRmab;sresreT. ebleronsurt pat; smurt Kµan]bkrN_GIVTaMgGs;. RKÚrbs; smurt cmøgemerondak;elikþarexon[sissgan nigcmøgtam. smurt nig mitþp½ kþ KµanesovePAnigexµAéd srmab;kt;rtaeliy. enakñúgéksaredlmancmngecigfa spabkarn_én «karksagrbetscatieyigelirkb;epñktamggs;» EdleFVI eligenaqñam1976 k¾)anbba ak;edrfa GgÁkarmane)aHBum< esovepasrmab;siksa. erkayeblrmedahqñam1975 GgÁkarRsukRtaMkk;)an EckesovePABum<sRmab;sikSa bu:enþmanetrkúbergónet EdlGacTTYl)an. RKÚbeRgónkñúgRsukRtaMkk;RtÚvbeRgón kumaretatamesovepabum<edlggákareck[. karebgeck esovepabum<[rkúbergónkñúgrsukrtamkk;enhmin)anrkb;ti kenøget BIeRBaHmankarxVHxat. enacmebahmuxbbaða xvhxatebbenh fñak;dwknam)anecjekalkarn_[e)ahbum< esovepasiksa[)anercin k¾b:uenþenakñúgrsukrtamkk;enaet manrkúbergónmyycmnynmin)anttylesovepabum<srmab; bergóntameliy. karsiksabec kets kñúgrsukrtamkk; erkabikarerongksr mankumarmyy cmnynedlcakunrbs;kmµapi)al RtÚvGgÁkareRCIserIs[eTA efvikarduccaebtü GñkpSMfñaM kgt½b kmµkreragcrk. kumar TaMgenaHRtÚveronnUvbec ketscmnajetatamkargarerog²xø Ün mankumarxøheronenakñúgpumirsukrbs;xøün ehiykumarxøhetot etaeronenatirymextþtaekv enatirkúgpñmebj CYnkaleTA extþdétetot nigenarbetscin. cmebahenarsukrtamkk; mankareroncmnajebtü psmfñam nighat;bec ketseyafa. b:uenþkareronsurtbec kets enakñúgrsukrtamkk;bmumanpabc,as;las;eliy. PaKeRcIn bmputerontamkargnuvtþn_cak;esþgcamyygñkmanbtbiesafn_ EdlFøab;eFIVkarBImun KWeronbeNþIreFVIbeNþIr sakl,geli BiesaFn_beNþIr. fvid,itetmanekalkarn_[mankarsiksa k¾eday k¾karsiksaenarsukrtamkk;min)anerobcmrkb;ti kenøget BIeRBaHmankargareRcInRtÚveFVI. enakñúgrsukrtamkk; m:m supat )anrs;enakñúgkgkumar tamgbiqñam1976 Kat;minEdl )anttylkarsiksatal;etesah kñ úgrbbkm< úcarbcafibetyü. enaebletibnwgculkgkumar kñúgqñam1976 Giut esþig )aneronsurtgksrbnþicbnþüc tamkarkmnt;rbs;ggákarkñúg m:m supat RsukRtaMkk;. min)an1qñampg kargarkan;etercin Kat;k¾Elg )aneronsurttetaetot. enakñúgkgkumarcl½t xwm pl minedl)aneronrtwmrtúvet. Gi ut esþ Ig kñúgem:ageron RKÚrbs;Kat; bergónetbtcermógbdivtþn_ niggksr2eta3tydedl²ca erogral;éf. edaysar)anqøgkat; nuvrbbedlbmu)anykcitþ Tukdak;cMeBaHkarsikSa kumar kñúgrsukrtamkk;myycmnynedl bc úb,nñmanv½ycmnas;eta xwm pl ehiyenah )ankøaycamnussgvic arhutsbvéf. kwm Ekvknñidæa mcämnðléksarkm<úca 45

48 tmkbitmb½r15 PaKITaMgBIrÉkPaBKñaelIRKb;bBaðaehIy semþgkarkamrtkñaetavijetamk edim,ivaybm)ak;nuvrkb;gmebi QøanBanrbs;vatTIniymsUevotnigyYnCabrivar. bnþab;mk PaKIkm<úCaeyIg)an]eTÞsnamCUnmitþcinnUv GtßbTRBagTukmYy CakareqøIytbnwgsunÞrkfamitþcinBI eblrbwk ehiyedlmanxøwmsarducteta CarYm eyigékpabtamgrsugelirkb;bbaðanigtidæpab EdlmitþcinelIkeLIgBIeBlRBwkéf enh. karrikcmerinxagbanic kmµrvagkm<úcanigcinedlman mkdl;éf enhkwedaysarbkseyigtamgbirqøgtamkarpøas; bþúrtssnkic énkn³rbtipubksnigrdæapi)alcahurehmk. kñúgkic karkarbarrbetserkamkardwknaménbkskumµúy nisþkm<úca Edlmansmmitþelxa b:ul Bt CamKÁúeTÞsk_ eyig karbarrbmednxaglic)anedaym as;karrhutdl;sbv éf. sbvéf enh enaxaglicmanspabkarn_l cmebah eyig. cmebahrbmednxagekit yyncg;elbtwkdieyig bm)at; BUCsasn_km<úCa ehiyvayrbhareyigcabnþbnþab;. emilbierkatmnas;hak;duccatmnas;rbmedn EtFatuBitKWyYn cg;elbtwkdieyig. enacugqñam1977 yyn)anvay eyig edayrtg;rtayfm tamyut sa sþvayrh½sqñh rh½s b:uenþvirkgt½bkm<úcaeyig erkamkardwknaménbks kumµúynisþkm<úcaedlmansmmitþelxa b:ul Bt nammux )anvaybm)ak;karqøanbanyyn [vabrac½yy:aggam:as; enaéf TI6 mkra qñam1978. etahbivacaj;y:agenh k¾eday k¾yynenaetbnþvayeyig \tqb;qr>>> >>>cmebahkic RBmeRBógBaNiC kmµrvagrbetseyigtamgbir bbaðaenheyig)anékpabkñatamgbimislmijehiy. eyig k¾yl;rsbfacam)ac;rtúvmankic RBmeRBógBaNiC kmµedim,ieliktemiág\ti Blneya)ayPaKIeyIgTaMgBIr. eyig ÉkPaBnwgBiPakSali telibbaðaenhenaéf erkay. enaeblxagmuxcitenh eyignwgbipaksakñaelismpar³ 46 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav EdleyIg esiñtijsrmab;qñam1979 edim,ikmnt;k,ün xñat[)anc,as;las; ehiysrmülkargarmitþcinkñúgkar pþl;smöartamgenah[eyig. eyig ecocak;fa eyignwg efivkar)anelon ehiysermcsmnumbrrbs;eyig)an edayecakc½y. kñúgkarsaksyrbik,ünxñatenh ebieyig eqøiyedahrsayminrycenatienh eyig sumgeb aijmitþeta BinitüCak;Esþgdl;kEnøg ]TahrN_eRKÓgbnøas;eragcRk epsg² BIeRBaHGñkbec ketseyigenafiµefµagnas; CYnkal Bnül;mitþcinCaRTwsIþminTan;)aneT. enatibb ab; eyig sumcunbrdl;mitþcintamggs;kñúg KN³RbtiPU [RbkbedayesckIþsuxsb,aynigTTYlC½y CmñHkñúg»kaseFIVTsSnkic enakm<úcaeyig. mtimitþcin³ eyig )ansþab;edayykcitþtukdak;nuvsunþrkfarbs; smmitþ v:an; rit siþbikartak;tgbanic kmµrvagrbets eyigtamgbir. eyig kþab;)angmbismit iedlrbcacnkm<úcasermc )anenaeblerkayrmedah erkamkardwknaménbkskumúµynisþ km<úca. eyig sumeføggmnrkunmitþkm<úcaedl)andak; kartukcitþelieyig eyig nwgbambaküetar)ab;ggákarnig GgÁPaBnanakñúgRbeTseyIg edim,i[ekefivkar)anl CUn mitþkm<úca. edaygnuelametatamkarrikcmerinxagksikmµ ]ssahkmµnigbanic kmµrbs;km<úca eyig sgçwmfa mitþkm<úcagacdak;témøplitplnamecjrbs;km<úcakñúgkic snüaetaéf mux BIeRBaHmitþkm<úCak¾RtÚveFIVBaNiC kmµcamyy RbeTsepSg²eTotEdr. kñúgvis½yenh ebimitþkm<úcacg; [eyig CYyrebobNasUmelIkmtieLIg eyig nwgxitxm CYy. cmebahbbaðakmnt;kunpabnigkarrmux b; ebimitþkm<úca cg;[eyig CYyk¾sUmmanmti edim,iefiv[plitplkm<úca mankunpabl nigmantémørbesireligkñúgpsargnþrcati. cmebahkartijdurrbs;mitþkm<úca ebimitþkm<úcamanbbaða mcämnðléksarkm<úca

49 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav GIVesIñelIkeLIg[)anmun ehiy[sbvrkb;ebiefiv)an. nwg xitxmpþl;smpar³tamsmnumbrkm<úca. mitþkm<úcagacelikrkb;bbaðacamyyeyig enaeblenh b CamYyKN³RbtiPUeyIg EdlsißtenAkm<úCamYyry³eBl etot b CamYysßanTUteyIg enapñmebjrkb;eblevla. mtieyig³ sumgrkuncmebahkarcab;garmµn_nigmtirbs;smmitþ RbFanKN³RbtiPU. cmebahkarnamecjeyig edayeyig enaxvhxatxag sißtinigcyrgñkbec kets eyig esiñmitþcindak;témøplitpl eyig tetaetot eyig TukcitþmitþcinTaMgRsug smmitþ ecn Ca manmtitbvijfa mitþkm<úcadak;témøxøünég)an eblna efiveblenahcuh. eyigsumgrkuncmebahkareyakyl;rbs;mitþcin eyig nwgxitxmeklm kargareyig [kan;etl etaéf mux. eyig ecocak;fa etagnakt BaNiC kmµrvagrbetseyig TaMgBIrnwgkan;EtlUtlas;EfmeTot. karcrca)ancb;enaem:ag4nig25natiresol. PaKI TaMgBIr)anÉkPaBKñaelIRKb;eKalkaN_sMxan;²Edl)an elikelig. bnþab;)anggáúysrmaknigsmenhsmnalbniþc karrbcmuk¾rtúv)anbba b;enaem:ag4nig45natiresoleday ecakc½y. efivenapñmebj/ éf 3 ExFñÚ qñam1978 ekarbcunbgexovnigbgtum tamesckþiraykarn_bis>mesnanub½n enasßantutcin s>m emov [dwgfa³ enacugexmifunab edimexkkádamuxenh smöar³ eyafanwgdwkmktamk):al;twkmkkmbg;esam mantm n;tamggs; RbEhl1000etan. smöar³tamgenahman 1 smöar³rbs;rferkah nigrferkah rferkahfunrsal 20eRKÓg rferkahebikkñúgtwk nigdíekak 10eRKÓg 2 m:asuinepøigsrmab;kgrferkah 1eRKÓg 3 LansMNg;EkkMedA 1eRKÓg 4 LanbBa akar 1eRKÓg 5 LansÞÚc 1eRKÓg 6 LanbUmeRbg 1eRKÓg 7 LanCag 1eRKÓg 8 RKab;sRmab;kaMePøIgdak;elIrfeRkaH 10000RKab; 9 RKab;12/ RKab; 10 smöar³srmab;kgecigtwk 11 smöar³srmab;kggakas 12 smöar³srmab;vitüútak;tg 13 smöar³xagrkúmsmng; 14 smöar³srmab;kgvr³esnafmkamepøigfm. smöar³tamggs;enh KWCasmÖar³manenAkñúgkic RBmeRBógbkS nigrbcacntamgbirkm<úca-cin. benßm³ ynþehahfun es-123 )ancysculehiybirerkóg «2.» ynþehahenhnwgsakl,gehahehirenaéf enhenakmbg;qñamg. xagcinetarymkñúgkarsakl,gman s>m TUt su n hav s>m twg Xunsag xagcinecjdmeniretaemilenaéf edaycih ynþehahbiebaficintugetakmbg;qñamg. ebll acrtlb;mkvij. éf TI Taj Éksarelx L1291 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 47

50 Rkmc,ab;nItiviFICaGb,brmaRkúgEblRkad srmab;ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitsit imnussgnþrcati I. GaNti þ 1 GgÁkarmYyEdlbegáItebskkmµEsVgrkkarBit myy KYrEtbegáItGaNtiþCaTisedAEdlminvinicä½ymunBinitü karbitedlnwgrtúvesuibgegát. GaNtiþTaMgenHKYrRsbKña etanwglixitubkrn_begáitggákarenhelig. 2 esckiþsermcpþl;gmnacdl;ebskkmµenhmin RtÚvvinicä½yrbkKMehIjnigkargarrbs;ebskkmµenHmunkar BinitüelIGgÁehtueLIy. 3 etahbicagantiþminrtúvdak;krmiteliebskkmµkñúg lkçn³minsmrsbkñúgkaresuibgegátgmbirbfanbtenhnig bribtrbs;vak¾eday GaNtiþTaMgenHRtÚvEtmanlkçN³ c,as;las; edim,icg úlbgðajbisarcatirbs;rbfanbt EdlRtÚv)aneFVIkaresuIbGegát. II. karerciserisgñkesvgrkkarbit 4 ebskkm~esvgrkkarbitrtúvmansmaspabcarkúm mnussedl)anttylkarekarbbigñkdétedaysaretpab esµahrtg; minlem óg smtßpab nigkmµvis½ypab niggñknaedlkmbugbermikargartamparkic pþal;xø Ünrbs;eK. 5 kenøgedlgantiþrbs;ebskkmµtak;tgcamyyrdæ myy b k¾rdæmyycmnyn edim,ibgá[manlkçn³gayrsyl dl;parkic rbs;ebskkmµenh rdæapi)alenahb rdæapi)al EdlBak;B½n KYrEtRtÚv)anBieRKaHeyabl;enARKb;eBlEdl GaceFVIeTA)ancMeBaHsmasPaBEdlRtÚvbBa Únkñúg ebskkmµenh. 6 RKb;ebkçCnTaMgLayEdlRtÚveKEtgtaMgCasmaCik ebskkmµesvgrkkarbit minrtúv)anekbbaäb;bitynatica smacikeliy elikelgetmkbimulehtugsmtßpabb k¾ mangakb,kiriyaminsmrmüedlmingacttylyk)an. EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; 7 RbFannigGñkraykarN_énebskkmµEsVgrkkar Bit minrtúvpøas;bþúreliykñúgeblkmbugbmebjebskkmµenh elikelgetmanmulehtudétetot duccagsmtßpabb kar RbRBwtþxusqÁgd¾FM. 8 enaebledlebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúv)an begáitelig ehiysmaciknigrbfanebskkmµenhrtúv)an ercistamgelig KµannrNamñak;eTotRtÚveRCIstaMgbEnßmCa smacikénebskkmµenheliy elikelgetkñúgkrniedim,i bmebjkenøgtmenrenakñúgebskkmµenhbu:enñah. III. karrbmulp½sþ útag 9 enaeblcab;epþimebskkmµenh ral;éksar TaMgGs;EdlTak;TgeTAnwgeKalbMNgénebskkmµenH RtÚvbegáIt[maneLIgsRmab;ebskkmµenH edaymancmnyy BIsMNak;GgÁkarnanaEdlBak;B½n. 10 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbittamglayrtúvefvirbtibtiþ karcamyybukálikedlmanbukáliklkçn³rkb;rkan; edim,i GnuBaØat[eFV IkarRbmUlTinñn½yedayÉkraCü ehiyebskkmµ enhrtúvmankarcyyercamercgedaygñkcmnajbmebjkar garcaékracütamedlebskkmµenhyl;exijfacam)ac;. 11 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitgacesñi[mankardak; CUnnUvvtßútagCalaylkçN_GkSr ehiyedlmankar GFib,ayCak;lak;BIGgÁehtuEdlGacykmkeFVIkar epþógpþat;)an. 12 rdæedlbak;b½n RtÚvman»kasmYyedIm,Ipþl;eyabl; CalaylkçN_GkSrGMBITinñn½yEdlRtÚv)anniyayeyag enakñúgkfaxnðti10 nigesckiþgfib,aytamglayedlrtúv )anniyayeyagenakñúgkfaxnðti TaMgPaKIeFVIBakübNþwgk¾dUcCardæ GgÁkarminEmn 48 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

51 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; rdæapi)al b RkúmbuKÁlTaMgLay nigrdætamglayedlbak;b½n GacbgðajBIbBa IeQµaHsakSITaMgLaydl;ebskkmµ EsVgrkkarBitenH. ebskkmµesvgrkkarbit RtÚveFVI esckiþsermccitþmyyedayxøünég cmebahfaetisaksinaxøh EdlRtÚvGnuBaØat[eLIgbkRsay. 14 tamfmµta PaKIeFVIBakübNþwgRtÚv)anGnuBaØat [eligmkbkrsayenacmebahmuxebskkmµesvgrkkarbit CasaFarN³ edaypþl;»kasdl;rdæedlbak;b½n [syr smnyr. IV. bbaðaénkaresvgrkkarbitnigp½sþútag 15 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúvtrmúvcamun[rdæ EdlBak;B½n pþl;karfana[)anrkb;rkan;fanwgminsgswk mkelibukáledldak;bakübnþwg saksi nigsac;jatirbs; BYkeKeLIy. 16 kñúgkrniedlkarfanamyyducedl)anniyay eyagetakñúgkfaxnð15 RtÚv)anpþl;KYrCaTIKab;citþdl; ebskkmµesvgrkkarbit enaeblsþab;karbkrsayeday saksitamglay ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúvpþl;»kas myydl;rdæedlbak;b½n [manvtþmanedim,isyrsmnyrsaksi TaMgenaH b k¾pþl;r)aykarn_ksinrbs;saksitamgenah dl;rdæedlbak;b½n edim,isumeyabl;biekmkvij. 17 ebskkmµesvgrkarbit GacdkecjnUvBt man NaEdltamkarkat;esckIþrbs;xøÜneXIjfabgá[man erkahfñak;b yayidl;suvtßipabb suxumalpabrbs;gñktamg LayEdlpþl;nUvksiNsakSIenH b PaKITIbI b EdlenA kñúgtssn³rbs;xøün Bt manenahtmngcabegáit[dwgbirbpb TaMgenaH. 18 edayep kelitinñn½yedlbegáitedaybukálik rbs;xøün ÉksarCalayl½kçN_GkSr nigksinrbs; saksicaercin ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúvefv IesckI þsermc citþedayxøünégcmebahfa etixøüncam)ac;rtúvcuhrtütbinitüena tammuldæancak;esþgedrb y:agna. V. karesuibgegáttammuldæan 19 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúvtak;etgnuvkmµvifi kargarrbs;xøünrymman³ bba IsakSITaMgLayEdlxøÜnman bmngcg;cybsmöasn_enakenøgesuibgegát TIkEnøgnana EdlxøÜnmanbMNgcuHeTAeFVIkargar lmdab;lmedayénggá ehtu karkmnt;eblevla nigkarkmnt;skmµpabtamglay EdlRtÚvGnuvtþenAtammUldæan. 20 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitgacrbtibtiþkarrbs; xøüntamgrsug b CaRkúmtUc²CagenH tamsßanpabcak;esþg nigtrmúvkarénkaresuibgegátenh. 21 ebskkmµesvgrkkarbitrtúvq~úsq~úlsum smöasn_cntamglaynaedlxøünkitfacam)ac; etahbicagñk Cab;eTask¾eday. VI. dmnak;kalcugerkay 22 bnþab;biefviesckþisnñidæanelikaresuibgegát enatammuldæan smaciktamglayénebskkmµesvgrk karbit RtÚverobcMKeRmageFVIkarRsavRCavdMbUgmYycMnYn ehiydak;cunnuvrbkkmehijtamgenh rymtamgsmnyrbenßm myycmnynenacmnucnaedlsmrsb eta[rdætamglayedl Bak;B½n edaypþl;nuv»kasmyydl;rdætamgenahkñúgebl smrsbedim,ibgðajbieyabl;rbs;xøün nig/b edim,iek trmg;bbaðaedlrtúvesuibgegát. 23 r)aykarn_cugerkayrtúverobcmeligeday RbFanebskkmµenH edayqøúhbba amgbikarrbmulmtirymén ebskkmµenh. ebibmumankarmulmtikñaet r)aykarn_ rbs;ebskkmµenhrtúvmanrbkkmehijénsmacikpakercin k¾duccatssn³nanaénsmacikedlmankarcmtas;. 24 kñúgkrniedlmanesckiþsermcfartúvet psbvpsayr)aykarn_ KYrEtpSBVpSayTaMgRsugEtmþg. 25 GgÁkarEdlbegáIteLIgnUvebskkmµEsVgrk karbitenh KYrEtBinitürdæTaMgLayEdlBak;B½n GMBIkar ekarbtamparkic rbs;xøünedlfaminsgswketaeligñkpþl; mcämnðléksarkm<úca 49

52 BakübNþ wg saksi nigsac;jatirbs;bykek niggñkdétetot. karesvgrkkarbitedayggákarminemnrdæapi)al vaminemnmanet b minsmxan;etggákarenaerkam rdæapi)alenahetedlculrblúkenakñúgdmenirkarénkar EsVgrkkarBitenAkñúgvis½ysiT imnuss. GgÁkarminEmn rdæapi)alk¾mankarculrymskmµpgedrenakñúgvis½yenh ehiyggákarminemnrdæapi)altamgenhrbehlcaskmµ RCúlpg edaysarkarniymculcitþrbetsmyycmnyn. GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)almankarcab;GarmµN_ manmuxgar nigrbpbéksard¾ercinrbeptesþiretbgðajbisbaøanrym TaMgmUl)an. sum,ietekaledatamglayedlbykekkmnt; eligkñúgkarerbir)as;éksaredlxøünttyl)an k¾xuskña ducemxnigdiedr. KN³kmµaFikarkak)aTRkhmGnþrCati Ca]TahrN_ EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; manbtbiesafn_d¾tulmtulaykñúgkaresuibgegátelilkçxnð TaMgLayEdlGñkeTasRtÚv)anXMuXaMgkñúgeBlmanCemøaH Rbdab;GavuF. GgÁkarenHminRtÚvpSBVpSayBt maneliy. muxgarrbs;ggákarenhkwcasmxan;edim,icrcay:agbiunrbsb; CamYyrdæTaMgLayEdlmankarBak;B½n pþal;. pþúyetavij GgÁkarTaMgLaydUcCaGgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati nig XøaMemIlsiT imnusstamglayenakñúgbnþarbetscaercin ehiypsbvpsayr)aykarn_tamgenhetasafarncntueta [)antulmtulaytamedlgacefvieta)an. etahbicay:ag Nak¾eday RkúmdéTeTotk¾cUlrYmkñúgkareFVIkþIkþaMGMBIbBaðasiT i mnussenacmebahmuxtulakarkñúgrsukb GnþrCatiEdr. BYkeK RtÚvRbmUlRbePTP½sþútagEdlnwgTTYlkareqøIytbcMeBaH muxtulakarc,ab;. eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak; vaycultirkúgpñmebjqñam mcämnðléksarkm<úca

53 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ éf TI10 Ex]sPa qñam1978 esckþidkrsg;bikarpsaybt mantamvitüúpsay smelgkm<úcarbcafibetyü sþigmbispabkarn_karbar RbeTscab;BIExemsa qñam1977 dl;qñam1978 etispabkarn_karbarcatirbs;eyigkalbiqñameta vay:agem:c? enakñúggmlúgeblenh eyig)anvayrbyut y:agsvahab;gg;gacxøamgkøacamyyxµamg TaMgxµaMgxagkñúg nigxagerka ehiyttyl)anc½ycmñhebjeljetotpg. 1 karbarenatamrbmrbtl;xaglic³ qñamenhmankarb:h yut sa sþkarbarrbetsrbs;ex~rrkhm Tb;Tl;CamYyevotNam TgÁicmYycMnYn b:uenþeyig)anm as;karelispabkarn_ KµanGVIKYr[RBÜy)armÖeT. \LÚvenHeyIgGackarBarRBMEdn )an ehiyenaeblxagmuxeyigkan;etkarbar)ancagenh etaetot. 2 karbarrbmrbtl;xagekit³ karkarbarrbmednxag ekitkwcaerogrsycrsal;xøamgkøa BIeRBaHenAxagekItRbeTs km<úcamanrbmrbtl;cab;camyyevotnam. evotnamcg; yktwkdieyig ehiyerbkøay[etacarbetsrnbrbs;va edayykefvicaepñkmyyrbs;rbetsevotnam. edaysary:agenhehiy)ancaqñamknøgmkmankarvay RbyuT Kñay:agxøaMgkøanigeXareXARbqaMgnwgevotNam. enakñúggmlúgeblkitcab;biéf TI17 Exemsa qñam 1977 dl;éf TI17 Exemsa 1978 karrbyut KñaekIt maneligcartg;rtaytuc mfüm nigrtg;rtayfm. qñamenh krmiténkarvayrbyut Kña)anekIneLIg. cmnucbiessén karvayevotnamkwfa vamanpabrsycrsal;cagqñamknøg eta. enhkwedaysarevotnamedlminmankmøamgxagkñúg RtÚvvayeyIgBIxageRkA ehiykarvaybixagerkatrmúv [mankmøamgy:agercinetibgacetaryc. kñúgkarrbyut Kñakñúg ExvicäikanigFñÚ knøgetaenh eyig)ankemþcnigvayrujrcan kgt½byynqøanban[ecjbitwkdieyiggs;enaéf TI6 Exmkra qñam1978 edayefvi[bykvasøab;nigrbysrbman2muwn 9Ban;k,al nigkemþckgblvags;cmnyn5>>>. enhkwcakar ebikqakc½ycmñhenadmnak;kaldmbug. enaebleyigvay RbhareTAelIxµaMgnigTTYl)anC½yCmñHCaelIkdMbUgenH eyigmintan;)anerobcmkmøamg)anrtwmrtúvenaeliyet. duccakmøamgkgt½brbs;mcäimbksedr kmøamgrbs;eyig enakñúgtmbn;nimyy²minrtúv)anerobcm[)anebjelj RsYlbYlkñúgkarRbyuT kñúgrtg;rtayfmeliy ehiytamg kgt½bniggavufyut P½NÐk¾minTan;)ancat;Ecg[)aneBj eljedr. k¾b:uenþeyigttylecakc½ykñúgkarkemþckmøamg evotnam>>>. kmøamgevotnameblenahvayeyigkñúgdmnak;kal TIBIr. karvaylukkñúgdmnak;kalenh)ancab;epþimena cugexkumö³qñam1978 ehiyerobcmkemþceyigenakñúgex mina ehiykan;kab;twkdikm<úcaeyigenaexemsa>>>. ehtu duecñhehiy)ancaevotnamdak;kgblcmnyn11kñúgkarvay elikenh ebalkwelisbidmnak;kaltibirrhutdl;2kgbl. etivay:agem:cetaebiy:agduecñh? enaebledleyigttyl)anc½ycmñhenaéf TI6 Exmkra qñam1978 eyigmin[evotnamvayeyigmunetoteliy b:uenþeyigenaetbnþvayva\tdac;. eyig)anvayrbyut rhutdl;cugexmkra. eyigk¾)anvaybykvaenakñúgexkumö³ Edr. kmøamgevotnamechetfmfyeta²calmdab;eday )at;bg;t½bgs;caercin. eblenahevotnam)anbba Ún kmøamgfµimkbenßmetotedimi,vayeyig. k¾b:uenþkñúgexmina evotnamminmankmøamgvayeyiget. pþúymkvijeyig etedlbnþvaybykvavijenah. enakñúgexmina karrbyut KñaRbRBwtþeTAxøaMgkøaNas; BIeRBaHenAtamExSeRtómmYy mcämnðléksarkm<úca 51

54 cmnynmanraykmømagkgbl duecñhkgblb:hcamyykgbl BitCaminEmnCas gáamtuctacet. evotnam)anbrac½y enakñúgexmkranigexkumö³rycmkehiy ehiyenakñúgexmina enhetot evotnamk¾ttylbrac½yetot duecñhbrac½yrwtet F n;f rcan;bielietot. edaysarkmøamgxøünrtúvttylbrac½y kñúgexmina evotnamkµankmøamgvayeyig)anet>>>. duecñh ehiy)ancavaebrmkerbiyut sa sþs gáamqøbvijb vayrbharkñúgrubpabtuc². edaysaretepnkarvay RTg;RTayFMRtÚvTTYlbraC½y evotnam)angakmkrkkar vayrbhartuc² b:uenþenaeblkarvayrtg;rtayfm)an brac½y karvayrbyut kñúgrubpabtuc²k¾mankar)at;bg; kan;etf n;f reta²edr>>>. eyigrtúvrbyut edim,ikarbarékracü GFibetyüPaB nigburnpabtwkdikm<úca. eyigrtúvrs;enaedaysv½ym as; karxøüntibwgxøün. eyigmingacrtamrs;enaerkamkarkabsgát; )anet. enhcaekalcmhrc½ycmñh. enhminemncacmhr cuhcaj;et b:uenþcacmhrc½ycmñh. enhcacmnucti1. QrelICMhrCamUldæanenH eyigerobcmmak arbyut rbs; eyig Gnuvtþs gáam niggnuvtþmak arbyut [manrbsit ipab edim,ivay[xµamgbrac½y. bks)anennamfa eyigrtúv BüayamkemÞcxµaMg[)ankan;EteRcIntamEtGaceFIVeTA)an ehiybüayamrksakmøamgrbs;eyig[)anercinca Gtibrma. eyigmankmøamgtic b:uenþeyigrtúvvaykmøamgfm. ehtuduecñheyigrtúvrksakmøamgrbs;eyig[)anercinnig smøab;xµamg[)anercin. enhcatisesøakrbs;eyig. niyaybicmnynvij kmøamgeyig1nak;rtúvsmøab;evotnam 30nak;. ebieyiggacgnuvtþtisesøakenh)an eyigr)akd CaQñH. eyigrtúvkemþcevotnam etahcavafmb:unna k¾eday. RbeTsNaEdlh anqøanbantwkdikm<úcaeyig nwgrtúvttylbrac½ycaminxanebieyigekarbtamtisesøak enh. mkdl;sbvéf enheyig)anecakc½ykñúgkargnuvtþ Tisesøak1Tl;nwg30enH. ebalkweyig)at;bg;mñak;tl; 52 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ nwgevotnam30nak;. duecñhkar)at;bg;kmøamgrbs;eyig esµinwg1pak30énkar)at;bg;kmøamgrbs;evotnam. edayerbityelxenh Tahankm<úCamñak;esµInwgTahan evotnamcmnyn30nak;. etievotnamb:unµannak;etaesµinwg Tahankm<úCa10nak;enaH? cemøiykwfa300nak;. ehiy km<úca100nak;esµinwgevotnam3000nak;. km<úca 1lannak;esµInwgevotNam30lannak;. eyigmankmøamg 2lannak;KWesµInwgkmøaMgevotNam60lannak;ehIy. k¾b:uenþkgkmøamg2lannak;vaelisbirkb;rkan;)at;etaehiy kñúgkarvaycamyyevotnamenah BIeRBaHevotNamman RbCaCnrs;enAEt50lanb:ueNÑaH. eyigmincam)ac;yk RbCaCnTaMg8laneTAvayeT. eyigrtúvkaret2lannak; varkb;rkan;)at;etaehiykñúgkarvaykemþcevotnam50 lannak;enh vayehiyeyigenasl;6lannak;etot ÉeNaH. edim,iecakc½y)an eyigrtúvcat;ecgerobcm mak arbyut rbs;eyigtampøúvenh. enhcamak arbyut Edl nwgrtúvgnuvtþenasmrpumi. eyigrtúvgnuvtþtisesøak 1Tl;nwg30. RbsinebIeyIgminGacGnuvtþTisesøak enhet eyignwgmingacttylecakc½yeliy. bbaðaenhmin Bak;B½n kgkmøamgrbdab;gavufetmyymuxet. bks kgt½b nigrbcacntamgmul RtÚvRCab[)anc,as;GMBImaK a TsSn³ nigekalcmhrtamgenh. kñúgkarykc½ycmñheti\lúvenh eyig)angnuvtþmak ayut sa sþy:agnaxøhehiy? niyay [xøi ekaleda1tl;nwg30rtúv)ansermcehiy>>>. etievotnamvayeyigenaéf GnaKttamrebobNa ehiyeyigrtúvedahrsayy:agducemþc? eyigrtúvrbemil ehtukarn_edlgacekiteligenaeblxagmux. edim,iefvi duecñh)anluhrtaetbinitürbwtþikarn_kalbigtit nigsmøwg emiletagnakt. etievotnamføab;vayqñheyigetkalbi eblknøgetaenh? evotnammanbmngcg;erbkøaykm<úca [etacarbetsrnbrbs;xøüntamgbiqñam1930mkemø:h. enaqñam1945 eyigculrymvay)aramg. evotnamebl mcämnðléksarkm<úca

55 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ enahcg;kan;kab;nigdak;rbetseyigcacmnuhva. etievotnam )ansermcet? et min)ansermcet. etievotnam )anecakc½ykñúgkarkan;kab;km<úcakñúgqñam nig1975 Edrb et? et min)anecakc½yet. mulehtuenhehiy)ancaeyigmincg;rbkan;yktssn³ cuhcaj;niym. eyigrtúvrmb kemilrbvtþisa sþrbs; eyig. etievotnamelbtwkdieyig)anet? et min)an et. evotnamcg;elbeyig b:uenþmin)ansermctam bmng. evotnam)anculcrcaenaqñam1975 kñúgekal bmngelbeyig bu:enþmingacetaryc. va)anbüayammþg etotenaqñam1975. Epnkarrbs;evotNamKWvayyk érbnkr éshán/hucimij munekbnþab;mkvayrbhar PñMeBjedIm,IRtÜtRtaeyIg. eblenhetotesat evotnam enabierkayeyigmyycmhan. km<úcattylc½ycmñhmun evotnam. erkaybic½ycmñh evotnamcg;efvirdærbhar ehiy)anvayrbharmkelieyig. b:uenþrtúvbrac½ycafµi mþgetot. evotnamrtúv)anefv I[braC½yenAkñ úgqñam ehiyenaqñam1977mþgetot. ehiykarvay Rbharrbs;evotNamkalBIExemsaqñaM1978k¾RtÚv brac½yetot. duecñheyigrtúvganrbvtþisa sþnigmankarecocak; ehiyeyigminrtúvecokarputprnigkarbgákarpan;rclmena kñúgcmenamrbcacnedlfaetirbcacnkm<úcamanet8lan efviemþcnwgvayqñhevotnamedlmanrbcacnetadl; 50lannak;enaH. eyigminrtúvecoetfaeyigmingacvay [evotnambrac½yedaysareteyigmankgt½b1esn nak;tl;nwgt½bevotnam1lannak;>>>. etirtúvedahrsayy:agducemþccmebahbbaðaerbikmøamg tucvaykmøamgfm? kardwgbireboberbi\t iblvaykmøamgfmca karsmxan;nas;srmab;kmøamgtuc ducelikeligxagelimk ehiykw1tl;nwg30. ebieyiggacerbikmøamg1nak;tb;tl; nwgkmøamg30nak; eyigr)akdcaqñh etahbicakarvay RbyuT manry³ebl700qñamb k¾ercincagenhk¾eday. b:uenþebieyigminedirtammak aenhet eyigmingacttyl ecakc½y)anet. duecñheyigrtúv 1 dac;xatkarbar TwkdIeyIg. karbartwkdiexµrmann½yfakarbarcatiexµr. RbsinebIevotNamkan;kab;TwkdIkm<úCa)anseRmc enahcatiexµrnwgrtúv)at;rsemalenakñ úggmlúg30qñamxagmux. duecñhcakarsmxan;nas;kñúgkarkarbarrbetskm<úca. 2 eyigrtúvecocak;kñúgcitþfaeyigbitcagacvay evotnam)an. 3 etivayevotnamtamrebobna? eyigrtúvyl;dwgbivifikmøamgtucvaykmøamgfm. eyigrtúv erbi1nak;tl;nwg30nak;. enhcacmnynedlkmnt;eday bks b:uenþtamkargnuvtþcak;esþgsmmitþeyigmyycmnyn vay1nak;tl;nwg10nak;. GñkxøHvay1Tl;nwg10 b 1Tl;nwg5. GñkxøHeTot1Tl;nwg20 ehiymanxøhetot rhutdl;1tl;nwg50b 100pg. EtminfVIeT etahca b:unµank¾eday vaminemncabbaðaet. vaenaetecakc½yet dedl. enhcamak arbyut. GnuvtþmaK arbyut KWGnuvtþ vitüasa sþs gáamrbcacnedim,iedahrsaytmnas; BIeRBaHeyIgRtÚveRbIkmøaMgtUcvaykmøaMgFM. eyigttyl )anc½ycmñhbierbaheyigedahrsaytmnas;)anrtwmrtúv. enhcagviedlekiteligkalbigtitkalnigkmbugetekitelig enaeblbc úb,nñ. etieyigrtuvefv IGV IeTAéf GnaKt? eyigrtúv 1 ecocak; faeyignwggacbnþrbyut [)anecakc½yduckalbigtit kal. 2 mancmenotukcitþkñúgkargnuvtþmak arbyut dedl ebalkw1tl;nwg30. GgÁPaBxøHRtÚvvay1Tl;nwg40 ehiyggápabxøhetotvay1tl;nwg50. enakñúgkarvayyynqøanbankal3-4exknøgetaenh kgkmøamgrbs;eyig)anrikfmfat;y:agercin ebalkwekin elig4dgéenah. enhcakarerbrbültimyy. karerbrbül TIBIrKWfacMnYnkmµaPi)alk¾ekIneLIgEdr. edim,ibegáinkmøamg Rbdab;GavuF cam)ac;rtúvmankmµapi)al. myyexbirex mcämnðléksarkm<úca 53

56 erkaybikarrbyut Kñamk kmµapi)alrbs;eyiggacbba a vresnatuc)an. myyexbirexerkayetotnwggackan; vresnafm ehiygñkedlenavresnafmgackan;karkgbl FMeTot. eyig)anerbikmµapi)aleyafakñúgkarbrgikkgt½b enatutamgrbets. ehtuduecñhehiy)ancakgt½beyiggac m as;karelispabkarn_cab;biknþúynakebalkwcab;bicug mçagrhutdl;cugmçagetoténextþrtnkiri mnðlkiri RkecH sñül emmt; érbevg rmasehk svayerog knþal taekv nigkmbt. eyiggackemþcvresnafmrbs;xµamgedlvay eyigkñúgexsertomcmnynmyyéf BIréf. EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ ehtugvi)ancakgkmøamgrbdab;gavufeyigmangmnac xøamgemø:h?kwedaysarkmµapi)aleyafaeyigxøamg. kmµapi)aleyafaxøamgefvi[yut CnxøaMg BIeRBaHyuT Cnsßit enaerkamkardwknamrbs;kmµapi)al. ehtugvi)ancakmµa- Pi)alTaMgenHxøaMgemø:H? BIeRBaHeKCakmµaPi)aleyaFa EdlRtÚv)aneRCIserIsy:agRtwmRtÚvtammaK arbs;bks nigcagñkgnuvtþmak akmµapi)albrisut. kmµapi)altamgenh BitCamanGMNacxøaMgNas;. ekmangmnacxøamgb:uenþmin EdlcUlRbLÚkkñúgsmrPUmiedayKµanerobcMEpnkar c,as;las;enahet. kmµapi)altamgenhmangmnac ehiy kgt½bex~rrkhm 54 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

57 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ Gacvayy:agRbsiT PaB. ekttyl)anecakc½ykñúgkar rksakmøamg)anercinehiykemþckmøamgxµamggs;caercin. kmøamgrbs;eyigvayrbyut ducrnþh. kmµapi)alrbs; eyigminedlryjramþgnaeliy. edim,ivayxµamg[ducrnþh TI1kmµaPi)alRtÚvRbkan;CMhrxøaMgnigdac;xat ehiyti2 Rbkan;nUvmaK arbyut d¾rtwmrtúvnigrbkan;x ab;nuvkmnitman vtþmancagcié nþy_rbs;embba akarenakñúgggápabrbs;xøün nigenasmrpumi. embba akarggápabrtúvmanvtþmanenamux sbaøaedim,ikþab;spabkarn_enasmrpumirbyut duccaena smrpumi kmbt taekv nigexsertompakxagekit. embba akar RtÚvmanvtþmanCanic edim,igayrsylenaeblxµamgvay eyigeyiggaccat;tamgpøam² ehiy[ggápabvaybktan; spabkarn_ RBmTaMgGaccat;taMg[GgÁPaBedjtamxµaMg enaebleyigkemþcbykvaehiy. enaeblxµamgechetrt;min Qb; eyiggacbba a[rkúmnigggápabeyigedjtambykva. eyigedjtamerkaynigvayrbharkmøamgxµamgrhutdl; BYkvart;tampøÚvNamYynwgkat;tamRBMEdn. enhcagviedl eyigehafakarvayrbharducrnþh)aj;. kgkmøamgtamggs;rtúvetrbúgrby½tñdac;xat. xµamgminrtúvtv:a)anet BIeRBaHkarbBa arbs;eyigrbrbwtþeta edaymankarrbugrby½tñcab;canic. enaeblmankar RbúgRby½tñy:agenH mincab;)ac;manbba amkbikgblfm etavresnafm vresnatucnigetagnuesnafmet. RbsinebI eyigenacametr)aykarn_bikggnuesnatucepj ImkGnuesnaFM BIGnuesnaFMeTAvresnatUc BIvresnatUceTAvresnaFM nigbi vresnafmetakgblfm ehiyenaeblmanbbaðamkbikgblfm RtÚvqøgkat;GgÁPaBTaMgb:unµandEdlCadEdlenH nwgefvi[xµamg man»kaskñúgkarerobcmvayeyigminxan. enaebleyig rvl;etsresrepnkar kmøamgrbs;xµamggacnwgerobcmvay eyigsacafµietot. eyigrtúvmancmenocak;etaelimhacn RbCaCn kmøamg Rbdab;GavuF bks mak a s gáamrbcacn nigmak arbyut. enaeblxµamgetahcitb q ayefviyut nakarexasnae)ak bebaäateyig ehiyefvi[eyigxøacxµamg eyigrtúvetvaybk vij. eyigminrtúv[emerakenh vayrbharetaeli RbCaCnmhaCn bks b kgkmøamgrbdab;gavufeyig)anet. eyigrtúvsrmitsrmamgkgkmøamgrbdab;gavufeyig bkseyig nigmhacnrbcacn edim,ibnþvayxµamgtetaetot kñúgkarkarbartwkdikm<úcanigcatisasn_exµr erbahebieyig minefviduecñhet Catisasn_eyIgnwgRtÚv)at;bg;Gs;Ca minxan. evotnamnwgnamykcncativa1lanb 2lannak; mcämnðléksarkm<úca 55

58 culmktwkdieyigral;qñam enaeblenaheyignwg)at;bg;twkdi ehiycatieyignwgrtúvvaelbrt)ak;ykgs;minxan>>>. evotnamkitfaxøünnwggacykcmenjnuvgviedleyig )anefiv b:uenþtamkarbitskmµpabtamgenh)anrtwmbebaäh kmhwgrbcacnnigkgkmøamgrbdab;gavufeyigetbu:enñah. ehiyenhbitcabrgwgbdivtþn_eyigkan;etxøamgelig. evotnammingacefvi[bdivtþeyigcuhexsay)anet. evotnamgacefvi[bdivtþn_eyigcuhexsayrbsinebieyig cuhcaj; b:uenþeyigmincuhcaj;et EbrCakan;EtxøaMgeTAvij. eyiggackarbarrbetseyig niggacefvigvi²rkb;y:ag. b:uenþeyigrkan;etgnuvtþkargarksagetb:uenñahedaysar km<úcartúv)anefrksakarbarehiy. ebieyig)at;bg; km<úcaeta etieyigmankargarksagénaetot? duecñh edaysareyig)anecakc½ykñúgkarkarbarkm<úca eyig R)akdCaGaceFVIGVI²RKb;Ebby:ag. KN³RbtiPUbkSsgÁmniymCb:unenAkñúgRbeTskUer: dkrsg;bir)aykarn_ KN³RbtiPUmYyRkúménbkSsgÁmniymCb:un)anecj dmeniretatirkúgbüúgy:agtamecigynþehah Khabarov edim,imkefvitssnkic edaysuqnþ³cmnynmyys)þah_ena RbeTskUer:. enhcakn³rbtipuelikti5ehiyedlbba Ún mkedaybkssgámniymcb:un nigcaeliktimyyenakñúg ry³ebl4qñamedlrbfanbksmkefvitssnkic enatirkúg Büúgy:ag. KN³RbtiPU)anmkdl;TIRkúgBüúgy:agnaéf TI11 Ex]sPa edim,imkefvitssnkic enarbetskuer:xagecigtam esckþigeba Ijrbs;KN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSBlkrkUer:. KN³RbtiPUenHdwknaMedayelak GuICIGU Gas Ukata RbFan KN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSsgÁmniymCb:un CamYyelak NUbUrU GaKUeN GnuRbFanKN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSsgÁm niymcb:un kñúgzan³cagnurbfankn³rbtipu nigelak tamigu kav:akamiu smacikkn³kmµafikarmcäimbkssgám 56 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ niymcb:un nigrbfannaykdæangnþrcati kñúgzan³caelxa TUeTA. smacikdétetotrymman etts U G Uda smacikkn³ kmµafikarmcäimbkssgámniymcb: un nigcarbfannaykdæan Gb;rMnigeXasnakar elak tueháa y:unda RbFanKN³ kmµafikarbiessttylbnþúkkic karkuer:énkn³kmµafikar mcäimbkssgámniymcb:un nigelak suiekyuki hv únna )asui smacikkn³kmµafikarmcäimbkssgámniymcb:un. KN³RbtiPURtÚv)anTTYlsVaKmn_y:agrak;Tak;enA RBlanynþehaHedaysmmitþ )a:k sug kul nigelak KIm yug Nam RBmTaMg\sSrCnmYycMnYneTotdUcCa KIm v:an; s ub/ su yun sux/ KIm Bg; CU/ QI CW y:ug/ y:un Qun Kuk/ Qu Cug sam/ nig CU qag Qun. KN³kmµaFikarmCÄiménbkSBlkrkUer:)anerobcMBiFI Cb;elogmYyCakitþ iysdl;kn³rbtipunaéf TI11Ex]sPa. elak ):ak sug kul nig GuICIGU Gas Ukata )anelig EføgsunÞrkfakñúg»kasenaH. BiFICb;elogRbRBwtþeTAkñúg briyakasrss;rsayebarebjetaedaymitþpab. enaéf TI12Ex]sPa KN³RbtiPUénKN³kmµaFikar mcäimbkssgámniymcb:un)ancybsnþnacamyykn³rbtipu kuer:xagecigedlmansmmitþ )a:k sug kul nigelak KIm yug Nam RBmTaMg\sSrCnmYycMnYneTotdUcCa KIm v:an; su b/ y:un Qun Kuk nig CU cag Qun. KN³RbtiPUTaMgBIr Rkúm)anBiPakSapøas;bþÚreyabl;sþIGMBIkarGPivDÄTMnak;TMng mitþpabnigshrbtibtþikarrvagpakitamgbirnigrbcacn TaMgBIrCb:un-kUer: niggmbikarbrgwgkarcyykamrtkñaetavij etamk nigsamkáipab RBmTaMgBiPakSaGMBIbBaðaBak;B½n eta vijetamk. KN³RbtiPU)anyl;RsbKñaelIbBaðaEdl )anelikmkbipaksaxageli. kic snþnakña)anrbrbwtþeta kñúgbriyakasrikraynigmitþpab. KN³RbtiPU)anBiPakSa GMBIsPaBkarN_enAGasuI. ehiyerkaymk)antssna karsemþgsil,³ m as;sugsyk a «The Song of Paradise» enaeragelçanemns Ued. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

59 EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar hu y vnñ³ qñam1989 )at;bgrbúscagémöqñamehiy ral;ebledlrmb ketadl;civitrküsarrbs; enakñúg rbbexµrrkhm mþay EtgEtbgðÚrTwkEPñk. dwgfaenakñúg GarmµN_rbs;mþay mankaresaksþayniggaelahgal½y y:agxøamgdl;bgrbúsmñak;rbs; Edl)anvegVgRBat;R)as KñaenAcugqñaM1978. rhutmktl;sbvéf enh RKÜsar min Edl)anB dmnwggvibnþicesahgmbibgrbúsrbs;. etikar RBat;R)asenH CaerOgRBhµlixitb y:agna? kñúgebledlexµrrkhmkan;kab;gmnac mintan;dwgkþi enaeliyet. kñúgcmenamsmacikrküsarrbs; RbEhl manet mñak;kt;edlmansmnag BIeRBaH minedl)an etaefvikarenakardæanq ay². ekitenabak;knþalqñam 1978 kñúgmnþirebtüexµrrkhmenakñúgrsukérbkb,as extþtaekv. enaebledlrküsarrbs; )ancybcmukñamþg² mþay EtgEtrMB keligvijgmbierogr:avrküsarrbs; enakñúgrbb ExµrRkhm. enacam)anfa enaebledlmþay niyay eligvijmþg² EtgEtmanerOgr:avEbøk²Canic. rbbexµr Rkhmmanry³eBlCag3qñaMesaH k¾bu :EnþmanerOgr:avCaeRcIn Edl)anekIteLIgmkelIRKÜsar. mþay )anniyayfa enakñúgrbbexµrrkhm RKÜsar rbs; mansmacikr)ambirnak;. mñak;²manparkic erog² xøün. «Bukrbs; RtÚveTAkat;edrsemøókbMBak;enAmnÞIrXMu. cmenkémþay RtÚveTAeFVIGgárenAkgEm:². bgrbústi1 supat nigbgrsiti2 pløa rbs; enakgcl½tkumar. bgrbústi1rtúvggákarcat;tamg[etaeliktmnb;enarsuk GgÁrbUrI. kardæaneliktmnb;enaq aybipþhrbs; Cag10 KILÚEm:Rt. BIrb biexmþgetibkat;)anmkelgpþh. kalenah bgrbús mangayu14qñam. Kat;manragkaysÁm ehiy ebarebjetaedayek ledldusesþirminecj. sk;kat; EvgehIyekItsuT Etéc. mþay )ankat;sk;[bgrbús rbs; ral;ebledlkat;mkelgpþh. bgrsiti1rbs; mangayu11qñam. GgÁkar)ancat; tamgkat;[edirkab;edimt nþanexrtenaek,r²pumi. ebléf Kat;hUbbbrenAtamkgkumar. enaeblyb;kat;)anmk srmakenapþhvij. éf myyenah enaebledlbgrsi kan;canetadysbbr Rsab;Etmankumarmñak;eTot)aneFVI[ bbrrlakkat;y:agxøamgrhutdl;køaycadme)a. enaebl EdlKat;eTAeFVIkarElgekIteTIbKat;R)ab;mþay [dwg. bgrsi RtÚvhutEtTwkbbresÞIrEterogral;eBl BIeRBaH Kat;cUleTAdYsbbrminTan;. mþay EtgEtlak;)ayenA cegáhexamk[bgrsi Canic. bgrbústi3 sup½rk rbs; mangayu6qñam nigbgrbús TI4 vnñat mangayu5qñam. Kat;TaMgBIrnak;RtÚveTArs;enA kñúgmnðlkumaredlmanduncas;mñak;emilkarxusrtúv. mnðlkumarsßitenacm aybipþh RbmaN3KILÚEm:Rt. kargarcarbcamrbs;kat;tamgbirnak;kwerkgam_eka. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 57