EsVgrkkarBit. mcämnðléksarkm<úca. TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika. elx32 ExsIha qñam2002

Átírás

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2 TsSnavdþIénmCÄmNÐlÉksarkm<úCa matika smburt³ edim,iyutþifm srmab;mnusscati>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 EpñkÉksar TYn suxpløa >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3 TItaMgvalBiXatextþeBaFisat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8 bbai eqµahcnrgerkahbrets>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14 k,ünt½bérbexµrrkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16 bb aieq~ahcnrgerkahedl)ankemþcenamnþirs-21 >>>>>>>>>>>21 EpñkRbvtþisa sþnigkarrsavrcav semøgbimnþir s-21 tcb; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>23 RbB½n snþisuxpumipaknirti >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>28 Epñkc,ab; karelikelgetasnigkargp½yetas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>34 karpswkrbhsgç >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>36 evtikabipaksasafarn³ mhagmnacekøgb knigtulakarexµrrkhm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>42 Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>48 EsVgyl;nUvRBHBuT dika >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>54 TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar drabnak~anyutþifm Lac ni enaetvilvl; >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>58 cemøiysarpabrbs;«buk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>60 sil,³exµrrkhm³ rubftgñketasenamnþirs-21 >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>RkbeRkay EsVgrkkarBit BuT bdimaenavtþekvrbhepøig rubftqñam1979 rksasit i mcämnðléksarkm<úca GnuBaØat[e)aHBum<pSayeday RksYgBt manénracrdæapi)alkm<úca RbkaseTsrdæm nþi nig rdæm nþirksygbt man elx 0291Bm/99 cuhéf TI2 ExsIha qñam1999 rubftéksar³ mcämnðléksarkm<úca nigsarmniþr]rkidækmµrbl½ybucsasn_tylesøg es~relxenh³ edvid eqndl½r/ eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak;/ cn qrqigari/ GaLic hiuntun/ epg BgSr:asIu/ ego em:grti GñkniBn nigrsavrcav³ li supl/ CYg suparit C nyykarnibn nayk³ san; klüan nibn naykrgti1³ sy bu ns U nibn naykrgti2³ swm suriy:a GñkbkERb³ egg kukfay nibn nayktueta³ qamg yu RkahVikkuMBüÚT½r³ suwm sup½ kþ RKb;RKgkarEckpSay³ sux vnñ³

3 EsVgrkkarBit-sMbuRt smburt³ edim,iyutþifm srmab;mnusscati enaexkumö³ qñam2002 GgÁkarshRbCaCati)andk fyecjbikarcrcacamyyrdæapi)alkm<úcasþigmbikarbegáit [manggácmnumcrmhvisambaøkñúgtulakarkm<úcaedim,ikat; esckþi]rkidækm~edlrbrbwtþeligenakñúgry³kalénkm<úca RbCaFibetyü. enakñúgsmenretakan;sarbt man ehru:l RTIb Un enaéf TI19 Exkkáda elak ehn kuer:l GKÁelxa- FikarrgGgÁkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúkkic karc,ab;)an Bnül; nigkarbaresckþisermccitþd¾smxan;enh. elak kuer:l Tajehtuplfa tamgbimunrhutmkdl; bc úb,nñenh rdæapi)alkm<úcaminedlmansuqnþ³cuhhtßelxa elikic RBmeRBógEdlCakarFanadl;suc ritpabénggácmnum CRmHvisamBaØenHeLIy ehiyfa GgÁkarshRbCaCatimin GacykeQµaHrbs;xøÜneTARbLÚkRbLak;CamYyGgÁCMnuMCRmH visambaøedlxøünmankarrkb;rkgd¾tictycbmputenahet. elak kuer:l k¾)ansresrbnþetotfa GgÁkarshRbCaCati KµanbMNgcg;cUlrYmenAkñúgdMeNIrkarCMnuMCRmHeTasEdlmin Gacpþl;nUv «yutþifm EdlKYr[eCOCak; cmebahcnrgerkah rbs;exµrrkhm ehiynigedlmankrmittabcagbtdæan yutþifm GnþrCati. esckþisermccitþrbs;ggákarshrbcacatienh)an efvi[safarncncaercinmankarxkcitþ. Cakarc,as; Nas;fa RbCaCnkm<úCa CnrgeRKaH nigcnéddl; man bmngr)afñacg;[mankarvinicä½yetasemdwknamexµrrkhm. ducedlelak kuer:l )an[eyabl;y:agduecñhedrfarbb½n tulakarkm<úcamancmnucxvhxatercin. ebikµankic KaMRTBI smnak;gnþrcatietenah karpþl;nuvyutþifm EdlKYr[TukcitþKW Bi)aknwgseRmc)anNas;. GgÁkarshRbCaCatinigrdæaPi)alkm<úCa mintan;bba b; kic RBmeRBóg[)aneBjeljenAeLIy k¾b:uenþshkmn_ GnþrCati)anbeBa jcermisnana\trsakrsanedim,icmruj [manggácmnumcrmhvisambaømyyedlrbkbedayyutþifm. m as;cmnyyetvpakinigbhupakikyretbicarnagmbisarsmxan;én karcmnumcrmhkþiedl)anesñieligenh TaMgeTAelIsIlFm nig KMnitGPivDÆ. karkµanyutþifm cmebahtegvirbs;emdwknamexµr RkhmEdl)aneFVI[RbCaCnkm<úCarab;lannak;)at;bg;CIvit KWCakareFVI[km<úCavilvl;nigbnÞc;bg ak;dl;karriklutlas; Epñkesdækic sgám. RbCaCnkm<úCanwgmankarxVHCMenOeTA elirbb½n tulakaredlpþnþaetaset]rkidæcntuctac ehiy EbrCabENþtbeNþay[emKMnitRbl½yBUCsasn_køayeTA CaCnEdlc,ab;minGacb:HBal;)aneTAvij. GgÁCMnuMCRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCaEdlKaMRT edayggákarshrbcacatinigshkmn_gnþrcatinigman lkçn³rwgmamqanetasermc)annuvyutþifm karpshpsa CatisþareLIgvijnUvCMenOeCOCak;eTAelIRbB½n c,ab;km<úca ehiynigrtüsrtaypøúveq<ahetarkkargpivdærbkbeday nirnþrpab. GgÁkarshRbCaCatiRtÚvEtcUlrYmsaCafµIenA kñúgdmenirkaresvgrkyutþifm nigerbivifisa sþbenßmetot edim,icmruj[manggácmnumcrmhvisambaøkñúgtulakarkm<úca myyedlrbkbedayyutþifm. CakarsMxan;bMput ekrþ eqµahrbs;ggákarshrbcacati nigkarefrksabtdæan yutþifm GnþrCati KWBwgEp keliktþaenhég. GgÁkarshRbCaCati nig rdæapi)alkm<úca KYrBinitü saeligvijnuvcmhrrbs;xøüncmebahkarcrca nigbnþkarcrca etatamknøgedlrbkbedayn½ysßabnatametgacefvi eta)an. qamg yu mcämnðléksarkm<úca 1

4 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar nyn exon nig TYn suxpløa 2 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

5 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar segçbecjbiéksarcemøiysarpab³ TYn suxpløa TYn suxpløa KWCaRbFanEpñkbec ketsenamnþirs- kmµkredlmancmnynercinbmput KWkmµkrEdlmkBItMbn;25/ 8. mnþirs-8 CaEpñkmYysßiteRkamRksYgsaFarNkar mkbipumipakbuba nig PUmiPaKnirtI. énrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü. enakñúgcemøiysarpabrbs; cab;tamgbiedimqñam1976 enakñúgmnþirs-8 manskmµ TYn suxpløa )anbba ak;gmbiskmµpabrbs; Pin tuc epon PaBRbmUlkmøaMgRbqaMgbdivtþ. CadMbUgkmøaMgsñÚl man4 eha Pin EdlCardæm nþirksygsafarnkarénrbbkm<úca nak; KW ém: saxn/ Em:n nifu/ Puk KI nig TYn suxpløa. Pin RbCaFibetyü fa luherkayrmedahtutamgrbetsehiy bg KWCaGñkdwknaMkmøaMgenH. skmµpaberobcmkmøamgrbqamgnwg «Pin )anesñixøün ykmkbermikargarenarksygsafarnkar bdivtþmintan;tamg)anttyllt plfmdmupg Rsab;Et ém: saxn vij. TnÞwmenH Kat;k¾esñI ém: saxn/ Em:n nifu/ Puk KI mk[ )an)at;xøünbikñúgmnþirenaextula qñam1976 ehiy TYn efvikarenakñúgrksygenhvijedr min)anesñiet Qun suxgyn suxpløa RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnenAéf TI1 Exmkra qñam1977. mñak; edayehtufa mancab;parkic enakmbg;epkmbg;esam Rbvtþ iskmµpabrbs; TYn suxpløa munqñam1975 rycehiy. enakñúgcmenambyk TaMg4nak;enH ém: saxn man rhutdl;eblcab;xø Ün kartak;tgcitditcamyybgpinercincagek. RbBn ém: saxn TYn suxpløa )ansarpabcunggákarfa skmµpabk,t; RtÚvCakµ Üybegá Itrbs;bgTUc EdlCaRKÜsarbgPin. ehtuenh kartak;tgrvagbgpin nig ém: saxn manlkçn³siñt sñal CaRKÜsartaMgBIkñúgqñaM1967 mkemø:h. ém: saxn enhrtúv GgÁkardkParkic TaMgGs;enAeRkayrMedaHTUTaMgRbeTs ehiy ykmkertómefviersenakmbg;s<w. b:uenþbgpin)anesñiyk Kat;mkRksYgsaFarNkar dmbugbgpinertóm[efvirbfan mnþirs-8. luhmin)ansermctamkarerobcmenh bgpink¾ cat;tamgkat;[efvicasmacikkn³mnþir ehiyttylxusrtúv RKb;RKgkardæanenAkñúgRkúgTaMgmUl. ehtuenhenakñúgskmµ PaBRbqaMgbdivtþenAkñúgmnÞIrs-8 ém: saxn CaGñkeFVIkar R)aRs½yTak;TgpÞal;CamYybgPin. mnþirs-8 sßitenaerkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;tuc Qwm supn EdlCaRbBn rbs; Pin. enakñúgmnþirs-8 smaspabkmµkrmancmruhmkbirkb;pumipaktamggs;. rbs;xø Üncab;epþ ImeLIgenAkñ úgqñam1961. enakñ úgqñamdedlenh Kat;)ancUles>GIu>Ga tamry³ exg etggan nig XYn kuy FYn. TYn suxpløa )anerobrab;gmbi skmµpab nig mulehtuéngmebik,t;rbs;kat;faenaqñam1960 Qun suxgyn nigkat;eronfñak;ti1enavitüal½ykmbg;cam RsbeBlEdl XYn )anpøas;mkbergónenatienahedr. kñúgkarcybkñaca elikdmbug XYn enasyrsþabsþg; TYn suxpløa nig Qun sux gyn enaeliy edaymintan;elikykbbaðasi ucermamkniyay et. XYn )ansyrgmbikareronsurtrbcaméf GMBICIvPaBrs; enakñúgrküsar nig GMBIcMNUlcitþrbs; TYn suxpløa nig Qun suxgyn. erkabienh XYn )anelikspabkarn_rbs;siss enapñ MeBjEdlmanclnats Utamry³sisSsPamkniyay R)ab;GñkTaMgBIredayrak;Tak;kk;ekþAEdlCaehturwtEteFVI[ GñkTaMgBIrenHRsLaj;Tukcitþ XYn EfmeTot. kartak;tg mcämnðléksarkm<úca 3

6 KñaenH)anRbRBwtþeTACajwkjab;nigmanPaBkan;EtCitsñiT nigkan;etc,as;efmetot. erkaymk XYn )anelikgmbi spabkarn_neya)ayrymmkennamedayniyayr)ab;fa «crkbtþigaemrikmanepnkartmøak;sihnu cab;tamgbiqñam 1958mk. etaéf GnaKt k¾enaetmanepnkarpþülrmlm sihnuenhdedl. cmenkbdivtþenaexsaymintan;mankmøamg srmab;tb;tl;camyycrkbtþigaemrikenaeliy. ehtuenh crkbtþigaemriknwgrkb;rkgkm<úcakñúgeblxagmuxcaminxan. b:uenþedim,irkb;rkg)ancrkbtþigaemrikrtúvkar[manmhacn RKb;mCÄdæanKaMRTvaEdr. TIbMput TYn suxpløa nig Qun suxgyn k¾)anyl;rsbkñúgkarefviskmµpabedim,i[gaemrik RKb;RKgkm<úCa. XYn )anbb aak;r)ab;gñktamgbirfa Gaemrik)anmktaMgmUldæanenAeBjRbeTséf RbeTslav nig evotnamxagt,úg ryccaerscehiyedr. kñúgexkbøaa qñam1961 TYn suxpløa nig Qun suxgyn RtÚv)anerobcM BiFIbB ÚalCaes>GIu>Ga. BIFIbB aúlenhefvieligenaelipþh rbs; XYn Edl)anCYlenApþúMTYls,Úv. erkaybi)anttylkarennamtamgenhehiy TYn suxpløa nig Qun suxgyn k¾)anebkkñamkeronenapñmebjkñúgqñamsiksa TYn suxpløa eronenavitüal½ysi usuvtß i. Qun suxgyn eronenavitüal½yedkat. GñkÉeTot² enaeron nig efviskmµpabcabnþetotenakñúgextþkmbg;cam. enaqñam1963 TYn suxpløa nig Qun suxgyn )anmkeron CamYyKñavijedIm,IeRtómRbLgcUlmhaviTüal½yeTBekaslü siuvil. kñúgqñamenh TYn suxpløa )an culrymy:agskmµena kñúgclnats Urbs;sisS-nisSitenAkñúgTIRkúgPñMeBj rymman )atukmµ/ mitþig nigkar)acxitb½nñcaedim. kñúgqñam nig1964enh siss-nisist )anefviskmµpabpulpuscab;. ehtuenh etibenakñúgkarcuh eqµahexasnagb;rmnissitrtúv)anttyl[culrymefv IskmµPaB CamYyedayqab;rh½s. KMnitbegáItsmaKmnisSitk¾)an psbvpsaytulmtulaykñúgmcädæannissittuetaedr. XYn/ EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar epak qay/ Qun suxgyn nig TYn suxpløa )an kmnt;fa nwgxitxmksagnigrbmulnissit[)ancakmøamgxøamg køasrmab;efviskmµpabneya)ayetaéf GnaKteTot. kñúgexmkra qñam1965 smakmnissitrtúv)anbegáit eligcapøúvkaredlman epak qay CaRbFan nig TYn suxpløa CaGKÁelxaFikar. cmenk Qun sux gyn/ yin kimekt/ kg sar:n/ v:an; BInI/ b:uk kaenl/ Giun supab/ Puk KI/ GYn Xag/ nig Kit samgcr k¾)anculkñúgkn³ dwknamsmakmnissitenhedr. erkaybismakmenhbegáit elig)anrbehlknøhex Kij)ancab;xøÜn TYn suxpløa yk etaxmuxamgedaysarkarefviskmµpab)acxitb½nñkñúgedimex kumö³ qñam1965. enaebledl TYn suxpløa Cab;XMuXaMg Qun suxgyn )anefvikic karcmnystamggs;enakñúgsmakm ehiy Cab;CamYy epak qay rhutmk. eblenah TYn suxpløa )ansresrbajtiþmyyln;tysemþcsihnu[edah ElgBIkarXMuXaMgenaHmkvij. enaedimqañm1966 TYn suxpløa RtÚv)anedaHElg. eblenahspabkarn_kñúgcmenamsmakmnissitmankar ERbRbÜledaysarGñkxøHRtÚvepÞreTAeFVIkargarkEnøgepSg² BIKña. kartak;tgkñamin)ancab;citsñit KñadUceBlmuneTot et. erkaybi)anrycbixmuxamgvij TYn suxpløa k¾)ancul eronkñúgmhavitüal½yetbekaslüsiuvilcamyy Qun suxgyn nig Puk KI vij. kñúgqñam1966enh spabkarn_ neya)ayenakm<úcamankarerbrbülmyykrmitetot. kñúg kare)aheqñatqñamenh RkúmEdlman ln; Nul Caem )an QñHeqñatenAkñúgrdæsPa. ln; Nul )aneligefvicanayk rdæm nþi ehiykmøamggaemrikkan;etmanerbóbelikmøamg rbs;semþcsihnu. TnÞwmnwgenHbdivtþk¾eFVIkartsU kan;et xøamgkøaedr. culmkdl;qñam1967 TMnas;neya)ayenAkm<úCa kan;etrsycrsal;elig. enatamcnbtmanpþúhgavufena TIRkúg ehiymhacnpulpusefvikarts Uy:agxøaMg. kñúgebl 4 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

7 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar enah epak qay )anttylkarennambies>giu>gatamry³ sirimt³ [erobcmbegá ItbkSneya)aymYyedayyksmaKm nissitefvicakmøamgsñúl. bksneya)ayenh)anykpøak cerminmkefviskmµpabbnømetotrbmulkmøamgertómbmpus mhacn[egibelig]btßmökamrtdl;rdærbhartmøak;semþc sihnu. b:uenþepnkarbegáitknbksenh RtÚvbraC½y BIeRBaHsemþcsIhnu)anRbkasrMlaysmaKmnisiSt ecal ehiycab;xøün epak qay yketaxmuxamgeday ecatfa smakmnissit)anbmpus[nissitbhe)arrbqamg nwgrdæapi)al. TnÞ wmenhsemþcsihnu k¾p akelg[smakm epsg²etotefviskmµpabtamggs;. enaqñam1968 snþúhts URbqaMgnwgsemþcsIhnu kan; EtxøaMgkøaEfmeTot. rdæapi)al)anefvikarbrgabcab;cg y:agxøamgkøa. enakñúgkarrat,atenh Kij)aneTAB½T Eqkeqr TIsñak;karsmaKmnisSiteFVI[EbkExJkKñaElgeFVIskmµPaB GVIekIteTot. erkayenhbnþicmk Kij)ancab;xøÜn ém: saxn/ em:a run nig gyn Xag yketaxmuxamg. Qun suxgyn nig TYn suxpløa )anrt;ekcxøün. enaedimqñam1969 Qun suxgyn )anpøas;etaefvikar enarkúgkmbg;esam. TYn suxpløa enaefvikarkñúgrkúg PñMeBj. kñúgqñamenh ém: saxn/ em:a run/ gyn Xag )anrycbi karxmuxamgmkvij. ém: saxn nig gyn Xag bnþefvikarkñúg PñMeBjteTAeTot. em:a run )anvilrtlb;etabergónena kñúgextþ)at;dmbg. erkayenhbnþic epak qay k¾rtúv)an edahelgmkvij. bnþab;birtúvedahelg epak qay )an R)ab; TYn suxpløa fa bbaðabegáitbksenahp aktuksin BIeRBaHsPaBkarN_)anvivtþelOneTAmuxehIy kartmøak; semþcsihnu enacametrtúvgnuvtþb:uenñah. mkdl;exkumö³ qñam1970 «Bukekµkrbs; TYn sux pløa RtÚv)ancat;taMg[eFVICardæelxaFikarRksYgksikmµ. kñúgzan³casmacikrdæapi)al «Bukrbs; TYn suxpløa )an culrymedaypþal;kñúgkarerocmtmøak;semþcsihnuenaéf TI18 ExmIna qñam1970. rdæapi)alfµimyyedlmangaemrikca GñkKaMRT RtÚv)anbegáIteLIgedayman ln; Nul CaGñk dwknam. enakñúgexemsa qñam1970 TYn suxpløa )anp ab; ExSCamYybdivtþvijtamry³eQµaH s ag e):aes. b:uenþ CadMbUg TYn suxpløa enamintan;efviskmµpabgviedlman lkçn³rbqamgnwgbdivtþeliy edayenabynsm MeFVI[mankar Tukcitþsin. cugqñam1970 epak qay nig Qun suxgyn )anecjetatmbn;rmedah ehiyenaexmkra qñam1971 ém: saxn k¾)anecjetatmbn;rmedahetot. enakñúgexsiha qñam1971 TYn suxpløa )anxitxm bb úahbba ÚlRbBn Kat;[cUlCaes>GIu>Ga. hak; yuelg EdlRtÚvCabgéførbs; suxpløa nig Giun tam k¾)anculrym kñúgbifienhedr. enaqñam1971enh TYn suxpløa RtÚv)an RksYgsaFarNkar rdæapi)alsarfarnrdæexµr cat;tamg[ culrymenakñúgkn³kmµakarcmruhtak;etgrdæfmµnubaø. b:uenþenaqñam enatirkúgpñmebjmanpþúh clnakudkmµcatueta. siss nissit RKÚ nig sa sþacarü Qb;eronnigQb;beRgón. enatamrbgsalamancg bdabaküesøakerbagrbat ecrrbqamgnwgrdæapi)al ln; Nul. clnaenh)anrikraldaldl;extþmyycmnynetot duccaextþkmbt/ kmbg;s<w/ kmbg;qñamg/ )at;dmbg/ kmbg;cam CaedIm. enacmebahmuxspabkarn_enh TYn suxpløa k¾ )anbierkahcamyy em:a run nig nyn exon ehiysermc fa CMrujclnaenH[xøaMgEfmeTot edayefvimitþigcacmh[ mhacneligefáaletas ln; Nul ehiytamtar[cuh ecjbitmeng. kñúgebledlmhacnkmbugeteligniyay efáaletas ln; Nul Rsab;EtkgkmøaMgTahanesøókBak; siuviledl ln; Nul cat;tamg[mk sþúhetakenøgefvimitþig )aj;rhnigkb;rkab;ebkefvi[manpabrcbukrcbl;ebkexjk KñaGs;. eblenah em:a run RtÚv)ancab;xøÜn ehiykijk¾)an etab½t pþhrkcab; TYn suxpløa nig nyn exon Edr b:uenþcab; BMu)an. erkaybirbwtþikarn_enh TYn suxpløa nig nyn exon mcämnðléksarkm<úca 5

8 k¾ecjetatmbn;rmedahkñúgexmina qñam1973. ebletadl; tmbn;rmedahpøam epak qay k¾)anetasyrsuxtukç TYn suxpløa enamnþirtmbn;15 b:uenþmin)anniyaykargargviet edayena CMuCamYymhaCnTaMgGs;EdlecjBIRkúgCamYyKña. erkaymketot RbBn rbs; TYn suxpløa )annamkun ecjetatmbn;rmedah. enaebletadl;tmbn;rmedahdmbug GgÁkar)ancat;taMg[ TYn suxpløa nig RbBn enakñúgmnþir 670. TYn suxpløa nig RbBn rs;enakenøgdac;eday ELkBIKña. kñúgry³kalenh TYn suxpløa nig RbBn mintan; manefviskmµpabgvirbqamgbdivtþet. TYn suxpløa )anttyl dmnwgbirküsarenapñmebjfa«bukekµkkat;enaetefviskmµpab kñúgknbksrbcafibetyüdedl. ry³eblrs;enakñúg mnþir670enh TYn suxpløa )ancyb Qun suxgyn nig ém: saxn BIr b bidgedr. Qun suxgyn nig ém: saxn )anpþam TYn suxpløa fa[bmpustmnas;enakñúgkenøgrs;enaedim,iefvi[ manpabsµúksµajenakñúgmnþirenh. enacugexkumö³ qñam1974 GgÁkarcat;taMg[ TYn suxpløa etars;enakñúgmnþirk-300. enatienah TYn sux pløa )ancyb nyn exon nig RBMú sg ar. eblenah TYn suxpløa nig RbBn )anbgátmnas;efvi[ebk)ak;samkáieday efvi[mancabksbyk. kñúgskmµpabtamggs;enh TYn suxpløa )anrymcamyy nyn exon nig RBMú sg ar. cmenkrbbn rbs; TYn suxpløa efvikarcamyynari² maneqµah rin/ pg nig KuC. dl;exmifuna qñam1974 TYn suxpløa )ancybnigsáal; Pin enakñúgmnþirk-300enhedr. eblenah TYn suxpløa nig Pin mintan;)antak;tgsñit sñalcamyykñaenaeliy eday Pin ecjetaefvikarenaxagerkamyyry³ nig srmakebtü Büa)alCMgWCaeRcInExpg. TYn suxpløa cam)anfa kñúgebl enah Pin )an[cyyrkgñkedlgacefvikarcamyykña)ankñúg RksYgsaFarNkareRkayeBlÉkraCü. TYn suxpløa )anelikeqµah Qun suxgyn/ ém: saxn nig Puk KI R)ab;eTA Pin. 6 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar ExmIna qñam1975 GgÁkar)ancat;taMg[ TYn suxpløa etalt;dmksagxøünenakñúgshkrn_tmbn;103 RBHvihar. TYn suxpløa rs;enakñúgshkrn_enh)anrbehlcamyy Ex. Exemsa qñam1975 GgÁkarehA[ TYn suxpløa RtLb;mkbeRmIkargarenAPñMeBjvij. Exkkáda qñam1975 TYn suxpløa RtÚv)ancat;taMg[mkbMeBjParkic enarksyg safarnkar. enakñúgmnþirs-8 enh TYn suxpløa )ancyb ém: saxn/ Puk KI nig Em:n nifu. erkaybi)ancybcmukñavij ehiy TYn suxpløa )anrymkargarkñaerkamkardwknamrbs; Pin edim,iefviskmµpabcahurehrbqamgnwgbdivtþn_. skmµpab rbs; TYn suxpløa kñúgry³kalcugerkayenh smxan;kwgb;rm nigbrgwgsmaspabrbqamgbdivtþenakñúgmnþirs-8 edim,i ertomkmøamgrymkñúgkardenþimrdægmnacenakm<úcakñúgeblefvi bunüxybbksedlnwgrbrbwtþetaenaéf TI30 ExkBaØa qñam b:uenþ skmµpabtamgenhrbrbwtþetamin)ansermc ecakc½yeliy ehiy TYn suxpløa k¾rtúv)ancab;xøünenaéf TI1 Exmkra qñam1977. RbvtþiskmµPaBRbBn rbs; TYn suxpløa Bak;B½n nwg karcules>gi u>ga TYn can;dar:a eha Pan; KWCaRbBn rbs; TYn suxpløa. GñkTaMgBIrRtÚvCabgb ÚnCIdUnmYynwgKña ehiy)anerobkar CamYyKñataMgBIqñaM1964 mankuncmnyn6nak; Rbús3nak; RsI3nak;. TYn can;dar:a eron)anrtwmfñak;ti4enavitüal½y yukn r. kñúgry³kaldmbug erkaybi)anerobkarehiy TYn can;dar:a mintan;)anefvigvibak;b½n nwges>giu>gaet. b:uenþ TYn can;dar:a RtÚv)anbþIGb;rMCabeNþIr²kñúgTis[manTsSn³nig CMhÉkPaBKña edim,isrmüldl;skmµpabes>giu>ga. luh erkayrdærbharéf TI18 ExmIna qñam1970 edaysar ExSsgVak;kargares>GIu>GamankarmmajwkxøaMg TYn sux pløa )anbba ÚlRbBn rbs;xøüncaes>giu>ga enaexsiha qñam 1971edIm,IeFVICaCMnYykarkñúgkareFVIskmµPaBbnþeTot. mcämnðléksarkm<úca

9 EsVgrkkarBitEpñkÉksar karbba ÚlenHk¾mankarÉkPaBBI«Bukrbs;Kat;Edr ehiybifi enhefvieligenapþhrbs;«bukkat;enaek,remepøig pøúvmunivgs Gs;ry³eBl1éf 1yb; nig manefvibificb;elogenaevla yb;enahetotpg. Giun tam k¾)anculrymkñúgkasenah pgedr. TYn can;dar:a )anefviskmµpabkñúgcmenamnarienakñúg Rkúmkak)aTRkhmExµr. Parkic rbs; TYn can;dar:a KWxitxM kþab;ninñakarneya)ayrbs;nari²edlkat;r)as½ytak;tg CamYyRBmTaMgninñakarneya)ayrbs;bþInarI²TaMgenaHpg. ExkBaØa qñam1973 TYn can;dar:a nig kun )anecjetatmbn; rmedah. GgÁkar)ancat;[ TYn can;dar:a enakñúgmnþirdac; edayelkbi TYn suxpløa. enakñúgmnþir670rbs;pumipak Biess TYn can;dar:a nig bþi mintan;manefviskmµpabrbqamg nwgbdivtþn_enaeliyet. enacugexkumö³ qñam1974 GgÁkar)anbBa Ún TYn can;dar:a nigbþi RBmTaMgkUn [etaenamnþirk-300. mkdl; mnþirk-300enhetibmankarcab;epþimefviskmµpabrbqamg nwgbdivtþn_. TissMxan;rbs;rbs; TYn can;dar:a KWbgá[man TMnas;Ebk)ak;sµúKsµajkñúgcMeNamnarIenAkñúgmnÞIrenH. FatuBiténTMnas;enH KWCaTMnas;bdibkçrvagbdivtþn_nigkar RbqaMgbdivtþ. enakñúgmnþirk-300enh mannaricmnyn5nak; kñúgenahman4nak;manfaturbqamgbdivtþ KW Pan; RbBn rbs; TYn suxpløa / rin RbBn rbs; nyn exon / pg; RbBn rbs; RBúM sg ar nig KuC RbBn rbs; KI Nac. erkayrmedahtutamgrbetsehiy mkdl;exmkra qñam 1976 Pin tuc epon Cardæm nþirksygsafarnkarén rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü )anesñismu TYn can;dar:a [mk rs;enakñúgmnþirs-8vij eblmunenh TYn can;dar:a )anrs; enakñúgtmbn;103 kñúgextþrbhvihar tamgetbiexmifuna qñam mkdl;mnþirs-8 TYn can;dar:a RtÚv)an Pin [etaenakñúgmnþirnarinigkumarrbs;mnþirs-8 EdlsßitenA erkamkarrkb;rkgrbs; TUc RbBn rbs; Pin ehiy TUc k¾ CaGñkbMpusnigCuMrujclnaRbqaMgbdivtþenAkñúgmnÞIrenHEdr. nariedl)anefviskmµpabcamyy TUc rymman Pan; TYn can; dar:a / BMu RbBn Em:n nifu / pl RbBn Puk KI / xm RbBn ém: saxn nig júib RbBn epon. kñúgkarertómerobcmbþúrrbbrkb;rkgeblmanrdærbhar Pin k¾)anennam TUc pþal;[yknaritamg5nak; KW Pan;/ xm/ BMu/ júib nig pl efvicakmøamgsñúlsrmab;rkb;rkgmhacn enamnþirenh. kñúgkargustajmhacn TYn can;dar:a )an CMrujRKÜsarkmµkrEdlenACamYyxøÜn[Tak;TajehAbþI²mk culrymcamyy. RKÜsarkmµkrEdl TYn can;dar:a Gb;rM)an mancmnyn3nak; KWmaneQµaH hn/ eg:a nig han. enakñúg skmµpabtamgenh TYn can;dar:a )anxitxmcaxøamgrhuttal;et manmhacnxøhcab;garmµn_ ehiyniyayfa Kat;)aneFVI skmµpabbermisnþism<½n CaedIm. enaextula qñam1976 manmhacntietonkat;xøamggmbi skmµpabexasnaenh. edaymankarrbüy)armöxøacebk karn_biskmµpabk,t; TYn can;dar:a )anelbfñamsmøab;xøün enaéf TI16 Extula qñamdedl. b: uenþ TUc )andwgtan;ebl evla k¾yk TYn can;dar:a etabüa)alenamnþirebtüb-17. bnþab;bikarbüa)alehiy Pin k¾yk TYn can;dar:a [mk srmakenamnþirs-8vij rhutdl; TYn suxpløa CabþIRtÚv )ancab;xøün. erkaymk TYn can;dar:a k¾rtúvcab;xøünedr KWenA éf TI25 Exemsa qñam1977. cemø IysarPaBrbs; TYn suxpløa )anbba ak;cugerkay GMBIskmµPaBrbs;RbBn Kat;fa «erkabiskmµpabk,t;ca ekal²rbs;rbbn enh Kat;enA)anrYmskmµPaBbnÞab;bnSM xøhetotenamnþirnarienh duccakarbrgiktmnas;rvag bgtuc nig bgnn;. mulehtuediméntmnas;enh KWbBaðaRcENnkñúgnaTI tmeng. b:uenþedaysarkarcak;rukefm TMnas;enHk¾køayCa karebgeckbksbykefvi[mankaremilmuxkñaminrtg;. enamant CYg suparit mcämnðléksarkm<úca 7

10 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar TItaMgvalBiXatextþeBaFisat; tcb; TItaMgsmøab;dUnGam elxkudpumisa sþ³ cmnucexsrsb³ (N) 12 O ry³benþay³ (E) 103 O TItaMgsmøab;mYyeQµaHfa dungam sßitenapumidungam XuM)ak;nwm Rsuk)akan extþebafisat; bc úb,nñehapumi RtBaMgCg XuMRtBaMgCg Rsuk)akan extþebafisat;. TItaMg enhkwcalane)akrsuvrymmyykenøgrbcamxmurtbamgcgehiy k¾cakenøgrbcu rymedr. RsHTwkmYykEnøgRtÚvExµrRkhm ykefvicakenøgkb;saksbrymcamyynwglugnþúgtwkmyy kenøgetotedlmancerma10em:rt k¾rtúvykefvicakenøg dak;saksbcnrgerkahkñúgcmnan;exµrrkhmedr. m as;gnþúgeqµah G Uc h ag )anerobrab;fa GNþÚgTwk rbs;kat;ebjetaedaysaksb xagelimat;gnþúgman RKbcMebIg. køins úy)ancheligecjtamcmebigefvi[kat; esþirrtammin)an. enaqñam1980 GNþÚgTwkrbs; G Uc ha g RtÚv)anKas;. elak s ln )angfib,aybimulehtu dmbugénkarsmøab;mnussenakñúgrshtwknigkñúggnþúgtwkfa Kat;)aneXIjmankarRbCMurYmmYyRbcaMshkrN_RtBaMg Cg. kic RbCMu)anelIkeLIgBIbBaðaepSg²EdlTak;Tgnwg eroges>giu>garbs;xµamgnigyynqøanban. erkaykic RbCMu RtÚv)anbBa b; GñkEdlcUlrYmRbCMuTaMgGs;RtÚv)anTTYl bba amyymin[rt;ecjdac;xat ehiybnþab;mkk¾rtúvexµr Rkhmcab;cgykeTAsmøab;ecalTaMgGs;. s ln )an bba ak;etotfa ry³eblbiréf erkaymk Kat;)aneTAemIl kñúgrshtwk nigkñúggnþúgtwk exijmansøaksñamxøh²edl 8 bnsl;tukerkayeblsmøab;ryc. s ln )ansnñidæanfa GñkEdlmkRbCMuTaMgGs;BitCaRtÚvsøab;kñúgRsHTwknigGNþÚg TwkenHR)akdEmn. cmebahsaksbedlsøab;enakñúgtitamg smøab; dungamenh elak s ln snñidæanfa enakñúgrshtwk mansaksbrbs;cnrgerkahcmnynrbehlcag900nak;. GñkmIg G Uc ha g k¾)anniyayedrfa kñúglutwkrbs;kat; KWmansaksBCnrgeRKaHcMnYnBI70eTA100nak;. TItaMgsmøab;kUnetñatnigPUmirMelc elxkudpumisa sþ³ cmnucexsrsb³ (N) O O ry³benþay³ (E) O O RsHTwkcMnYnbIkEnøgEdlsßitenAkñúgPUmikUnetñat XMu rmelc Rsuk)akan extþebafisat; RtÚv)anExµrRkhmeRbI R)as;CakEnøgdak;saksBCnrgeRKaHbnÞab;BI)ansmøab; ryc. elak CYg sur Gayu54qñaM bc úb,nñcaemxumrmelc )anniyayr)ab;fakñúgrshtwkcmnyn3kenøgenhmansaksb CnrgeRKaHsrubcMnYnRbEhl400nak;. elakcyg sur )anerobrab;fa CnrgeRKaHEdlRtÚv)anykmksmøab;enA TIenH KWCaRbCaCncMruH manekµgcas;rbúsrsi. vifismøab; rbs;exµrrkhmnaeblenahkw)aj;rhetaelicnrgerkahtamg nahedlrtúv)anbba a[qrenanwgmyykenøg. erkaybi karsmøab; saksbcnrgerkahmintan;rtúv)anrbmulyk etakb;pøam²et KW)anRtwmEtRbmUlykeTAdak;enAeRkam nigek,redimeqitalmyyek,rpøúvfñl;edlecjbipumirmelc eq<ahetakan;xmutaela Rsuk)akan. eblerkaymk etib mcämnðléksarkm<úca

11 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar mankarrbmulmþgetotyketatmøak;ecalenakúñgrshtwktamg bikenøgenah. mkdl;bc úb,nñ RsHTaMgbIkEnøgenaHenAman søaksñamcarshtwkdedl b:uenþkµanlkçn³ercaducrshtwk kalbiedimeliy. vtþcnþrgsirsµ IrMelc elxkudpumisa sþ³ cmnucexsrsb³ (N) O 01³47 " ry³benþay³ (E) O 48³17 " erkayéf TI7 Exmkra qñam1979 KN³kmµkarvtþ cnþ½rgsirsµirmelcehavtþrmelc )anshkarcamyygacjafr muldæansagsg;bucniydæanmyyedim,itmál;tuknuvgdæifatu rbs;cnrgerkahedl)ansøab;kñúgrbbexµrrkhm. vtþ cnþ½rgsirsµirmelc sßítenakñúgpumirmelc XuMrMelc Rsuk)akan extþebafisat; mancm ay15kilúem:rt BIsalaRsuk )akan. GdæiFatuEdl)anykmktmál;TukenAvtþrMelc KW)anRbEmRbmUlmkBITItaMgsmøab;kUnetñatxaglicsala eronpumirmelc nig valtarag)al;edlsßitenakñúgpumirmelc nigpumirblayrmedg XMurMelc Rsuk)akan extþebafisat;. RBHetCKuN fac; sux )ancunrkúmrsavrcavén mcämnðléksarkm<úcaetaemilbucniydæan sþúb )ak;ebk myyedlsg;gmbieqi. RBHetCKuN)anmanBuT dikafa q wg TaMgb:unµanRtÚv)anbMpøajesÞIrGs;edaystVBahn³sIu. TItaMgsmøab;valtarag)al; elxkudpumisa sþ³ cmnucexsrsb³ (N) O 23³16 " ry³benþay³ (E) O 05³38 " valtarag)al;tat;myyedlsßítkñúgpumirblayrmedg XuMrMelc Rsuk)akan extþebafisat; )anrtúverciseris ykefvicatitamgkb;saksbcnrbs;rgerkahkalbirbb ExµrRkhm. elak CYg sur )anniyayfa mansaksbrbs;cn rgerkahkb;enabasebjtarag)al;tat;enh. bc úb,nñ tarag)al;tat;enhcaditmenrsut saf minemncatarag)al; Tat;dUcmuneToteT. CYg sur )anbenßmfa mancmnynrenþa cab;bi100eta150éenahenaeliditarag)al;tat;enh. RbePTCnrgeRKaHEdlykmksmøab; KWCaRbePTGñkeFVIBut CaQW Gñkx ilrcgusnwgkargar GñkCMgWsøab;enAkñúgmnÞIreBTü nigmyycmnynetotcarbeptmnussedlrtúv)ancmraj;yk mkbishkrn_nanakñúgxmurmelc. CnrgeRKaHEdlRtÚv)an smøab;enaelititamgvaltarag)al;enh mancmnynrbehl 500nak;. 5 RsukeBaFisat; TItaMgsmøab;nigmnÞIrsnþisuxbnÞayGaTarI elxkudpumisa sþ³ cmnucexsrsb³ (N) 12 O 32 20³35 " ry³benþay³ (E) 103 O 55 22³36 bnþaygatarikwcabnþaytahanrbs;extþebafisat; bc úb,nñenhsßitenakñúgpumiérbji XuMéRBjI sukebafisat; extþebafisat;. mnþirsnþisuxbnþaygatari )ansagsg; eligedayexµrrkhmenaqñam1976 ehiybnþkarrkb;rkg rbs;xøünrhutdl;cugqñam1978. enacmuvijbrievnbnþay GaTarI manrshtwk1 GNþÚgTwk5nigGagTwk1. CnrgeRKaH esþirettamggs;rtúv)annamyketasmøab;enakñúgrshtwk GNþÚg nig GagTwkTaMgenaH. karsmøab;enatitamgbnþay GaTarI )ancab;epþimefvieligtamgbiqñam1976. enacugqñam 1978 karsmøab;mnuss)anekineligetvdgefmetot. pþhrbs;gtittahan sm½y)aramgrtúv)anexµrrkhmyk efvicamnþirxmuxamg. CnrgeRKaHEdl)anmkCab;XMuenAmnÞIr snþisuxbnþaygataridmbugbg s; KWRbCaCn17emsa ehiy bnþab;²mketot KWGñkmUldæan m nþirackarsm½ysafarn rdæexµr TahanGñklYcenHlYcenaH nig cugerkaybmputkw kmµapi)alexµrrkhmxøünégedlrtúv)anecatfak,t;. Gñk etastamggs;min)anrycxøünbiesckþisøab;eliy. tamkarsrubrbs;saksicmnynbinak; KWelak yun mcämnðléksarkm<úca 9

12 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar GNþÚgsmøab;CnrgeRKaHenAmnÞIrsnþisuxbnÞayGaTalrI evon vresniy_etaefvikarenakñúgbnþaygataribc úb,nñ elak Gu k savuf GnuRbFankariyal½yvb,Fm extþ nigelak Gu salat; RbFanvb,Fm extþ )anghgagfa saksbcnrg erkahmancmnyncag700nak;. enaerkayqñam1979 Gaf km)amgenabnþaygatari RtÚv)anTmøay[eXIjy:ag c,as;faexñahxñagcaercinsßitenaray)a:ybasebjmnþir. RbCaCnCaeRcInrynak;)annaMKñaeTAKas;kkayrkmasnig xøhetot)anrsg;yksbedlcasac;jatirbs;xøünetaefvi bunütamrbébni edaysmgagetaelisemøókbmbak;edl enacab;nwgxøünsaksb. bc úb,nñ bnþaygatari)anbnsl;tuk nuvgnþúgtwkmyyedlenaetmanesssl;q wgxøh²ena)at GNþÚgenAeLIy nig TRmg;GKarcas;mYyxñgEdlCaGtIt 10 mnþirxmuxamg ehiyedlbc úb,nñrtúv)anekéqñsacafµielig vij. 6 RsukRkKr RsukRkKrsßítenAcm aybisalaextþebafisat;cm ay 32KILÚEm:Rt nigmanrbmrbtl;xagecígcab;nwgextþkmbg;fm nigextþesomrab xagt,úgcab;nwgextþkmbg;s<w xagliccab; nwgrsuksmebamas extþebafisat; nigxagekitcab;nwg RsukbribUrN_ extþkmbg;qñamg. RsukRkKr man13xum nig 98PUmi. RsukRkKr mantitamgrbl½ybucsasn_cmnyn3 kenøg ṁmnþirsnþisuxnigkenøgsmøab;tylelob elxkudpumisa sþ³150301/2 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

13 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar cmnucexsrsb³ (N) 12 O 32 25³86 " ry³benþay³ (E) 104 O 01 57³58 " TYlelob CaeQµaHPUmimYysßitkñúgXuMbwgknÞÜt Rsuk RkKr extþebafisat;. TItaMgenHEx~rRkhm)anykeFIVCa mnþirsnþisuxnigkenøgsmøab;mnuss ehiybc úb,nñenhrtúv )anehafa mnþirsnþisuxtylelob. mnþirsnþisuxtylelob mancm ay17kilúem:rtbisalarsukrkkr. rhutmkdl; bc úb,nñ GtItmnÞIrsnþisux nig kenøgsmøab;tylelob Kµan )anbnsl;tuknuvgviedlcap½sþútageliy. mnþirsnþisux TYlelobRtÚv)anksageLIgtaMgBIqñaM1976 ehiybnþ rhutdl;cugqñam1978. TItaMgsmøab;TYlelobsßitenA cm ayrbmanet100em:rtbimnþirsnþisuxb:uenñah. elak Ej:m Dul GtItGñkeTasenAmnÞIrsnþisuxTYl elob bcú b,nñrs;enapumirclug XMuGnøg;etñat RsukRkKr )anniyayr)ab;fa érbtylelobmantmhmdirbmanttwg 2hiktanigbeNþay3hikta. Ej:m Dul KWCaGñkkb;exµac kñúgsm½yexµrrkhm. Kat;TTYlkargarCaGñkkb;exµac Gs;ry³eBlCag2Ex ehiyk¾cagñkedlttylkargarenh erkayekbg s;edr. Ej:m Dul )anbnþfa enaelititamg TYlelob manrenþacmnynbi400eta500renþa. kúñg1 renþagackb;saksbrbs;cnrgerkah)ancab;bimñak;rhut dl;7nak;. GñkeTasTaMgGs;Edl)ansøab;enAkñúgbrievN TItaMgsmøab;TYlelobmancMnYnRbEhl4000nak;. Ej:m Dul )anbnþfa saksbrbs;cnrgerkahtamgenah xøhykmkbimnþirsnþisuxtylelob nigxøhetotykmkbikenøg epsg²edlmin)anqøgkat;mnþirsnþisux.rbeptcnrgerkah EdlRtÚv)ansmøab;manlaycRmúHKña TaMgRbCaCn17emsa RbCaCnmUldæan m nþirackar Tahansm½ysaFarNrdæExµr nigkmµapi)alexµrrkhmedl)anrbrbwtþxusnwgvin½yrbs; GgÁkar. Ej:m Dul )anbnþfa Kat;eXIjmankardwk GñkeTasmkkan;TItaMgsmøab;TYlelobCaeRcInnak; ehiy erkaymkgñktamgenahk¾rtúv)ansmøab;ecalgs;kµansl; mñak;eliy. kardwkmnussculmkkan;titamgenhrbrbwtþeta tamettrmúvkarénkarsmøab;. mnþirsnþisuxnigkenøgsmøab;tavít elxkutpumisa sþ³150303/4 cmnucexsrsb³ (N) 12 O 31 47³24 " ry³benþay³ (E) 104 O 05 00³43 " tavit CaeQµaHrbs;mnÞIrsnþisux nigcakenøgsmøab; myykenøgsßitkñúgpumibwgknþüt XuMbwgknÞÜt RsukRkKr extþ ebafisat; nigmancm ay15kilúem:rtbisalarsukrkkr. RbePTCnrgeRKaHEdl)anmkCab;enAkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxenH KWRtÚv)aneRCIserIsykmkBIRKb;shkrN_TaMgGs;enA TUTaMgRsuk RbCaCnmUldæan RbCaCn17emsa Gacarüvtþ mcämnðléksarkm<úca 11

14 niggñkmanrtkulgpicn cin yyn nig cam. karsmøab; ercinrbrbwtþetaenaeblyb;erbahbgáarmin[rbcacnedl Føab;eFVIkarEk,renaHdwgfa mankarsmøab;mnussekitelig. mnþirtavit minmanbnsl;gvieliyrhutdl;bc úb,nñenh. brievndimnþirtavit minrtúv)anrbcacnekerb[etacadi srmab;bgábegáinpl b damdmnamgviepsg²eliy. Ej:m Dul )anniyayfa manrenþarbehlbi50eta60renþasß itena CMuvijmnÞIrsnþisuxtavitenH. cmnyncnrgerkahedl)ansøab; KWmanBI100eTA150nak;. mnþirsnþisuxnigtitamgsmøab;gnþúgtwktab:k; elxkudpumisa sþ³150305/6 cmnucexsrsb³ (N) O 46³09 " ry³benþay³ (E) O 44³36 " GNþÚgtab:k; sßitenakñúgpumismerag XuMk,alRtac Rsuk RkKr extþebafisat; nigmancm aycagmyykilúem:rtbi salarsuk. GtItmnÞIrsnþisuxrbs;ExµrRkhm bc úb,nñca mnþirebtürsukrkkr mantitamgsßitenaek,rgnþúgtab:k; cm ayrbehlca200em:rt. mancnrgerkahrab;ry nak;edlrtúvcab;xmuxamgenamnþirenh. CnrgeRKaHTaMgb:unµan RtÚv)annaMykeTAsmøab;enAkñúgGNþÚgTwkmYyEdlCakmµsiTi rbs;tab:k;kalbicmnan;munexµrrkhmkan;kab;. GNþÚgTwk tab:k;cmnynbirkenøgrtúv)anykefvicakenøgdak;saksb rbs;cnrgerkah. GNþÚgTwknImYy²manTMhMmuxkat;Cag 3Em:Rt nigmancerma6em:rt. elak Guin savi RbFan kariyal½yvb,fm RsukRkKr )anerobrab;bikarsmøab; CnrgeRKaHenAGNþÚgtab:k;fa Kat;)aneXIjkarsmøab; pþal;epñk edayehtufa Kat;emIlBIelIedÍmetñatEdlsßit enarbehlca300em:rtbitienah. elak Giun savi )an bnþetotfa ebledlexµrrkhmnamykcnrgerkahetasmøab; KWeFVIeLIgcab;BIema:g10³00yb;eTA. cmnyncnrgerkah EdlRtÚv)ansmøab;enAkñúgGNþÚgtab:k;mancMnYnBI100nak; eta150nak;. 12 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar esckþ Isnñ idæan RbCaCn17emsa RbCaCnmUldæan nig TahanCa ercinnak; RtÚv)ansmøab;Etkúñgry³eBlCag3qñaMénkarkan; GMNacrbs;ExµrRkhm. karsmøab;cnrgerkahenakñúgtutamg extþebafisat; )anrbrbwtþetatamrubpabepsg² ducca bg t;gahar/ bba a[efvikaredaykµaneblsrmak/ bgçm[ efvikarercin b:uenþttylrbbgahartic nigefitukçetasdl;gñk EdlmineKarBtambTbBa arbs;ggákar niggñkculcitþlyc enhlycenahedim,icem trkbh. cmebahrbcacn17emsa karsmøab;minrtúv)antukbnüareblyureliybierbahexµr Rkhmyl;fa CaédeCIgrbs;cRkBtþi. karefvineya)ay «tamkmrusþalin nigkarksagsgámniymrkhmq ineq Arbs; salút s bnþal[mankarkab;smøab;erkamelsmintuk citþkña fñak;elimintukcitþfñak;erkam. karenhefvi[rbcacn ExµrRKb;rUbkøacjejIty:agéRkElgnigritEteFVI[mankar cgcamgs;myycivitefmetotnuvral;tegviedl)anekitman eligkñúgrbbex~rrkhmedldwknameday b:ul Bt. vibaøan kçn éncnrgerkahedl)ansøab;etakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyütamgb:unµanbitcaenavilvl;mings;citþcmebahkarsøab; rbs;xøüneliybierbahvacaerogmyyedlgyutþifm bmput. emdwknaménrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyücaercinrubenaetbnþ rs;enaya:gesnsuxtamgenakñúgrbetskm<úcanigerkarbets hak;duccaefvimindwgminb cmebahtegvirbs;xøüntal;etesah. etibnþúkénkarttylxusrtúvnwgføak;etaelinrnacagñkedah Rsay?. tulakarmyyedlrmbwgfacatulakarkat;etas emdwknamexµrrkhmya:grtwmrtúvyutþifm ehiyedlbrmúg nwgekitmannaeblxagmuxenh )ankøaycacmenotukcitþtamg RsugBIsMNak;RbCara sþrkb;rubtutamgrbetskm<úca ehiy k¾sgçwmfa vibaøankçn rbs;cnrgerkahedl)ansøab;)at; bg;civitgs;ry³eblcag20qñamknøgeta BitCa)andl; suktipbrkb;²kñaminxan. epg BgSr:asIu mcämnðléksarkm<úca

15 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bucniy_dæantmál;gdæifatucnrgerkaherkamrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü mcämnðléksarkm<úca 13

16 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bbai eqµahcnrgerkahbretsedl)ankemþcenamnþirs-21 bba ICnrgeRKaHbreTsenHk¾manenAkñúgbBa ICnrgeRKaHrYmEdlRtÚv)ankemÞcenAmnÞIrs-21Edr eroberogeday³ yin nan tbielxmun l>r nam-ekatþnam cab;mkbi sba ati muxgar éf cul éf kemþc 65 smsiugn Gaevog kmbg;esam esom ensatrti epg can;esn kmbg;esam esom ensatrti carun NURkEs kmbg;esam esom ensatrti caerog NURkEs kmbg;esam esom ensatrti m:aent CuyEcmés kmbg;esam esom ensatrti supan; ):avg;sa kmbg;esam esom ensatrti m:unrti siqan³ kmbg;esam esom ensatrti erayent NURkEs kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Lat;sIu r:apan; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti muls un caerin eha ét kmbg;esam esom ensatrti ? 75 m:ug Xun kmbg;esam esom ensatrti kuv vid kmbg;esam esom ensatrti edt ednyim kmbg;esam esom ensatrti smxit kmbg;esam esom ensatrti fam m:alak kmbg;esam esom ensatrti suta Rbúger:NU kmbg;esam esom ensatrti viqay eha Pug kmbg;esam esom ensatrti sahat; eha Bak kmbg;esam esom ensatrti RsItkav eha swg kmbg;esam esom ensatrti yut Pug samgrag kmbg;esam esom ensatrti eqit Gwmfg kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Fmµr:at ekpg kmbg;esam esom ensatrti viq½y GMpVaNan; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti smub Un estbupa kmbg;esam esom ensatrti La siuumxa kmbg;esam esom ensatrti \ niþ kmbg;esam esom ensatrti PaRTI supmuni kmbg;esam esom ensatrti sarym kmbg;esam esom ensatrti mcämnðléksarkm<úca

17 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 93 ):ak pan; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti swt kmbg;esam esom ensatrti TI Nat kmbg;esam esom ensatrti sm siu kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Ga Nub kmbg;esam esom ensatrti epg kmbg;esam esom ensatrti m:an nt kmbg;esam esom ensatrti ca run kmbg;esam esom ensatrti supan; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti buun RTI kmbg;esam esom ensatrti ca erog kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Lúy elat kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Lat; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti muu:n kmbg;esam esom ensatrti b un elog kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Qut ta kmbg;esam esom ensatrti viéq kmbg;esam esom ensatrti sa hat; kmbg;esam esom ensatrti viéq kmbg;esam esom ensatrti can smu kmbg;esam esom ensatrti RsIút kav kmbg;esam esom ensatrti xwm kmbg;esam esom ensatrti epg kmbg;esam esom ensatrti yut pug kmbg;esam esom ensatrti qwt kmbg;esam esom ensatrti Lak kmbg;esam esom ensatrti sab; r:a kmbg;esam esom kunsiss søab; ehov tughan kmbg;esam esom kunsiss vij yamugtam kmbg;esam yyn?? g:u yamugeliy kmbg;esam yyn Bl)alpáay1? vij PILg kmbg;esam yyn?? egvóg yamugv:a kmbg;esam yyn ecarérbb IjjI Rtwg yamugfug kmbg;esam yyn ecarérbb IjjI egvóg v:an;v:ag kmbg;esam yyn ecarérbb IjjI enamant mcämnðléksarkm<úca 15

18 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar k,ünt½bérbexµrrkhm tbielxmun 29 GFib,ayrebobcak; 1 elikgavuf1fñak; rebobduccakmnab;gavuf. 2 GavuFvat;cugeTAmux ÉeCIgeqVge)aHeTAmux[RBm CamYyGavuF. 3 édtamgbirenahcab;gavufcak;etamuxrycykecigsþam etapáúmnwgecigeqvgvij ebirtúvcak;etot RtÚve)aHeCIgeqVgeTA muxetot. 30 sbaøanigédebledir man10x 1 ebiexijmnussmñak; RtÚvelIkédeqVgeLIgelI. 2 ebiexijmnuss2-3nak;. K~anbBa ak; 3 ebiexijstvbahn³ RtÚvelIkédeqVgbt;Rtg;eTAelI EkgédesµIsµa. 4 ebiexijrfynþ b rethekarkbi RtÚÚvelIkédeqVg bgvil[mul. 5 ebiexijfñl; RtÚvelIkédeqVgsn wg[rtg;etamux. 6 ebicg;etamux RtÚvelIkédeqVge)aHeTAmux. 7 ehakamepøigynþ RtÚvelIkédeqVgGgáújeTAelIeTA erkam. 8 ebiqb; elikédtamgbirexvg. 9 fyerkay elikédeqvgsn wgbt;fyerkay. 10 ebipþh b bnþay RtÚvelIkédeqVgGgá újdak;elisµa. 31 sbaøanigkeba ERt sár man7x 1 das;biedk 2 RbCMu 3 ebl)ay 4 Gasnñ 16 5 surtfm 6 edk 7 ehanay b em 32 sbaøanigsmþ Ivaca eblecjediretarkxµamg emrtúvr)ab;baküsbaøacamun edim,irsylcmnamfa KñaeyIg b KñaeK EtBaküenaHRtÚvpøas; bþúrcaral;éf karbarmin[xµamgvabnøm)an duccaeblecj etal,atkþi ts UkþI etag[manbaküsbaøaducsyrfa brets «eyigeqøiyfa Cati etibehafakñaeyig. «33 rebobyam man7ya:gkw 1 kenøgrbcamkar 2 tubyam 3 emrbcamkar 4 nayrbcamkar 5 Gñkyam 6 bbaøtiþedim 7 bbaøtiþepsg² emkwgñkmanbnþas½kiþfmcagxøün b manr)acjaemahmut CageK. kñúgkenøgrbcamkar ebiemmanfur³ RtÚv[nayCMnYs em b nayrtúvechcat;karyaml,atbbaøtþiedim nigbbaøtiþ epsg²[c,as;las;. 34 bbaøatþ iyam man10x 1 min[ck; b siupwk 2 min[egakgk; b GgÁúy 3 min[yksmbt; b GVImkrMuRtecok 4 min[dak;gavufq aygmbixøün 5 min[edirq aybitubyam[hysbi15em:rtetaeqvg mcämnðléksarkm<úca

19 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar etasþam etamux 6 minrtúvniyaynwgbykma:kb RsIGñkcm ay evor ElgEtmankarsMxan;Nas; RtÚvERsk[eKQb; ehiyeha emmkcrmab ebiemgnubaøatetibniyay)an Ethammin[ culmkcitxøüneliy RtÚv[enAXøatcm ay50em:rt É GavuFRtÚvdak;enAcegáH vat;cugetamuxcadrab. 7 minrtúvedirecalkenøgedaykµangnubaøatbiem b nay. 8 ebimanfur³ RtÚvsMuem b nay. 9 RtÚvsmÁal;emIledImeQI b manvtßúgvixøhenacit xøün. 10 RtÚvKMnab;tamGñkmanbNþas½kþFM b tuc. 35 yaméf myykenøg2nak; KW1nak;QrenAdI 1nak;eToteLIg yamenaelicugeqix<s; edim,iemilxµamg)anbicm ay Kn;emIl [sbvrkb;. ebiexijxµamgbicm ay RtÚvcuHmkR)ab;GñkQr enadiedayrbjab; edim,i[gñkqrenadirt;etar)ab;dl;rkúm b BYkEdlenAxageRkay b ebirbthcitnwgrt;etar)ab;dl; emmintan; RtÚv)aj;eTArkxµaMg edim,i[dmnwgdl;bykeyig etagttyldwgxusrtúvcmebahmnussecj b cul etageqk edayl it ebimanvtßúepsg²gñkyamrtúvdktuk[ ebiecj etavijetagemil[sbvrkb;erkg)anykrbdab;rbda b GavuFCatipÞúHeTApg. 36 yamyb; kñúgmyykenøgman2nak; cmnyn2em:agpøas;mþg 1nak; Qryam1kEnøg 1nak;eTotedIrl,atKyKn;emIlxµaMg cm ay15cmhanetaeqvg b sþam etamux RtÚvcMNaMemIledIm eqigvixøhedlmanduhenacitxøün karbarerkgxµamgbnømedatemk eqimknwgxøün ehiyxitmþgbnþic²culmkcab;xøün hampþac; min[dutepøig b Ck;)arI etagdwgfagñkyamenhcaepñkrcmuh rbs;kgt½b. kgt½bcermin b xuck¾gars½ynwggñkyam enahég. 37 rebobyamkñ úgérb RtÚvBYntamdMbUkFM² b edimeqifm²cm aybibyk 1KILÚ Em:Rt duccagñkyamqrkñúgbnþayedr. ebixµamgmk dl;cm ay20em:rt b 100Em:Rt eyigersk[qb;min Tan;eT RtÚv)aj;tRmg;eTAxµaMg edim,i[bykeyig)andwgehiy swmrt;etarkkñaeyig hammin[rt;cmbimuxet RtÚvrt;cUleTABI cmehog b BIeRkay edim,ikmu[xµamgvadwgbikenøgeyig. ebiena cm ay200em:rt b 300Em:Rt RtÚveFVIsBaØa[dwgfaKña eyigb KñaeK. ebixµamgrtúverskehaem ehiyersk[qb; cm aybixøüneyig50em:rt rycbgáab;[tmøak;gavuf ehiy[ elikédtamgbiretaeli GavuFeyIgRtÚvelIkRtwmcegáH ehiy vat;cugetamuxrkxµamgetib[emculeqk. rebobculeqkenah RtÚvcUlBIcMehog TahanTaMgBIrnak;RtÚvelIkGavuFtRmg;[cM edimrtúgxµamg evla>>>yb;ebiexijxµamgedirtrmg;mkcmehiy RtÚv[Qb;cm aybixøün50em:rt ehiysbaøasyrfakñaeyig b KñaeK ebieqøiyrtúvehiy RtÚvehAmksYreTot ebieqøiymin RtÚveT RtÚv)aj;Pøam ÉkaMePøIgRtÚvdak;tRmg;eTArkmnusS ebimangavuf[dak;cuh ebikmerik b ejacxøün eyigrtúv)aj; erbahmintan;tukcitþ. mnþ IrGñkKyKn; TisrkxµaMg kenøgem pøúvfy ebiexijmnussedircmmux RtÚveFVIsBaØasYr[dwgehIy BYkm:aksþaM Gñkyam BYkm:akeqVg ehiyehaemmkr)ab; minrtúv)aj;et RtÚvemIl[R)akd sin swm)aj; ebixµamgehiy. 38 sermkkñ úgeblyamyb; man3 ebikmbugqryam ehiyexijmnussedirculmk RtÚv ERskfa mcämnðléksarkm<úca 17

20 1 Qb; 2 Qb; kmucul 3 Qb; kmucul )aj; 39 Gñkl,at Gñkl,atmanKñacMnYn13nak;Edlemcat;[eTAl,at enaxagmuxbyk b Rkúm munnwggñkyaml,atecjetakan;nati nimyy² RtÚvcat;GñkbMPøWpøÚvcMnYn6nak;[edIreTACamun ebipøúv érbrtúv[xøatcm ay50em:rt pøúvvalrtúv[xøatcm ay 100Em:Rt RtÚvKyKn;[sBVRKb; ebimankargvi RtÚvcat;[ rt;etar)ab;em b k¾[dmnwgedaysurkamepøigtamkarrbfuc n RtÚvdak;[GñkbMPøWpøÚvxageRkayeTot ediryur² emilerkay mþg edim,iemilkarbarerkgxµamgvamkbierkayetot. BYkEdledIrxageRkayRtÚvedIrbeNþayxñgXøatKña5 Em:Rt b 10Em:RtBImñak;eTAmñak; ebiedirminrtúvniyaykña[ B xøamg ebiqb; minrtúvck;)ari b dutepøiggvi[esah ebiman karts U RtÚvrayKñaCaExSPøam hammin[)aj;qr RtÚv GgÁúy lutrkabcadrabtamk,ac;tahanxøüntibwgxøün. 40 kic l,at man10x 1 RtÚvdwgeBlecjeTA 2 RtÚvdwgeBlcUlmk 3 RtÚvsÁal;pøÚvecj 4 RtÚvsÁal;pøÚvcUl 5 RtÚvsÁal;sBaØaKñaeyIg 6 ebirbthxµamg RtÚv[1nak;eTAR)ab;em RtÚvlak;xøÜn [)at; 7 ebiekcxøünminrycet RtÚvERsk[BYkrayCaExSedIm,I ertómts U 8 ebibyn)ankmu)aj; RtÚvlbemIl[Cak;etIKñavab:unµan nak; etib:unµannak;edirmuxetana. 9 ebikñavaticcag RtÚveLamB½T cab;edayrsyltam rebob 10 minrtúvniyaykña[b xøamg yb;b éf 18 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 41 rebobcm,amg TahanRtÚveronnUvrebobcm,aMg[ecHcaMsÞat;edIm,I )anrsylnigmanplrbeyacn_dl;xµamg ÉxµaMgminGacnwgruk ran)aneliy. rebobcm,amgman12xductetaenh 1 sermk 2 hat;r)an 3 efvidmenir 4 tamgtilmena 5 raybl 6 GavuF 7 elamb½t cab; 8 lak;xøünbmbyngatµa 9 pøas;bþúrtikenøg 10 qøgerbk GUr sþwg 11 eligpñm cuhpñm 12 edahxøünbicmenamxµamg sermk manbirya:g myyya:gsrmab;erskeblhat;r)an myyya:g ERskkñúgcm,aMg ÉsERmkhat;R)aNenaHdUcmankñúgviFI hat;r)anrsab;. 42 vifisermkkñúgs gáamman7ya:g 1 Bak;kNþalBYkrayCaExSeTAmux50Em:Rt 2 Bak;kNþalBYkrayCaExSeTAeqVg-sþaM 3 BYkrayCaExSeTAeqVg-sþaM 4 BYkrayCaExSxageqVg-sþaM 5 BYkCaCYrXøatKña50Em:Rt 6 BYkCaCYr 7 BYkrayCaCYrcm ayxøatkñattwgnigbenþay500 Em:Rt b ebirkúmrtúverskfa RkúmCa3RCúg b CaCYrTTwg benþay ducsermkkñúgbyk. 43 esckþ IGFib,ayKW 1 EdlehAfaBak;kNþalBYkrayCaExSeTAmux mcämnðléksarkm<úca

21 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar 50Em:Rt KWeyIgedIreTArkxµaMg ehiykµanbykm:akenaeqvg sþam emrtúvenacamyygñknamkarn_ embykrtúvenacamyygñk kan;kamepøigynþ. 2 Bak;kNþalBYkrayCaExSxageqVg sþam50em:rt luhrtaeteyigediretarbthkuem<at b dubduhsgxag b RtBaMg. 3 BYkCaExSxageqVg xagsþam luhrtaeyigedirrbth man GUr sþwg fñl; b RbTHtnwgxµaMg. 4 BYkCaExSenaH KWeyIgeLamxµaMg b elambnþay. 5 BYkCaCYrcm ay50em:rtenah cmebaheteyigedir knþalval ehiymanbykma:kenaxagmux eqvg-sþam. 6 BYkCaCYrenaHcMeBaHEtedIrkñúgéRBFM ehiymanpøúv ceg ót manbykma:kenaxagmux. 7 BYkCaCYrTTwgbeNþay50Em:RtenaH luhrtaet eyigedirknþalval ehiymanbykma:kenamux xageqvg b sþam. 44 RkúmCa3RCúg BYkmYyeLIgeTAmux b BIrBYkeLIgeTAmux. BYkTI2eLIg etamux BYkTI1eLIgeTAxageqVg ÉBYkTI3enAxagsþaMxag erkay. ebibykti1nwgti3eligetamux etagbykti2ena knþal enaxagerkay TTwgnigcm aybenþay150em:rt TahanedIrxageRkay RtÚvedIrXøatKña 5 b 10CMhanBImñak; etamñak; BYkb RkúmrayCaExSeTAmuxeFVIdUcRkúmesµIKñaEdr. 45 RkúmbeNþayxñgXøatKña RtÚvcat;GñkbMPøWpøÚv[edIreTAmuxcm ay50em:rt b 100Em:Rt ÉBYkTI1nigTI2RBmTaMgBYkTI3 RtÚvedIrtam erkaybenþaycm ay50 b 100Em:Rttamry³éRB b valtahanedirtamerkayrtúvedirxøatbikña5em:rtbimñak; etamñak; ebikalnagñkbmpøwpøúvnigbykti1rbthnwgxµamgva )aj; etagbykti2eligetaeqvg ÉBYkTI3RtÚveLIgeTAxagsþaM EtRtÚv[GñknaMkarN_eTAR)ab;dl;BYkTI1[)andwgxøÜnfa )an eligmkehiy BYkEdleLIgeTAeRkayenaH RtÚveLIg[esµI nwgbykti1swm)aj;. 46 Rkúmesµ IKña TTwgBImYyBYkeTAmYyBYkcm ay50em:rt b 100 Em:Rt TahanedIrbeNþayxñgXøatKñacm ay5cmhan TaMg 3BYkenHRtÚveLIg[esµIKña RtÚvBYkTI1enAxageqVg BYkTI2enA knþal BYkTI3enAxagsþaM ³ k RKb;BYkrayCaExS ehiyegibeligetamux. x RKb;BYkeLIgBak;kNþal BYkeTAmux. K RKb;BYkeLIgmñak;mþgeTAmux. 47 RkúmRbqitKña BYkTI1enAxageqVg 50Em:Rt BYkTI2enAkNþal 50Em:Rt BYkTI3enAxagsþaM cm ayxøatkña50em:rt ehiyebirtúvraykñacaexs b CaCYr RtÚveFVIdUcRkúmesµIKñaEdr. 48 GñkbMPø Wpø Úv GñkbMPøWpøÚvRtÚvmanemrgeTACamYypg EdlecjedIr eta RtÚvemIleTAmux eqvg sþam edim,ikmu[)at; b vegvgetmñak; Ég RtÚvedIrXøatKña10EmRtb 20Em:Rt ebirbthdub b Kuem<atéRB RtÚvKyKn;emIl[sBVRKb;ERkgxµaMgvaBYnenA enah 1 ebirbths<an RtÚvBinitüemIledayl itl ERkg xµamgvakat;ssrs<anmin[dac; b cgrkab;ebkenaerkam enah dl;eyigedirf n;etanwg)ak; b pþúhrkab;ebknam[gnþray dl;bykeyig müa:getotebib surkamepøigbixagna RtÚvepÞóg sþab;[cak; [GñknaMkarN_mkR)ab;emRkúm[)andwg ehiy xmediretamuxetot edim,iemiletaxµamg b KñaeyIg ebixµamgetikña vab:unµannak; vaedireq<ahetakenøgna. 2 RtÚvedIrEGbdMbUkFM² érbfmedim,ikm u[xµamgemilexij ebirbthkuem<atérb GUrsÞ wg rethekarkbi RtÚveFV IsBaØa[ emdwg etagbüayamemilbykma:k[eroy² ebiexijkña mcämnðléksarkm<úca 19

22 eyigqb; eyigrtúvqb;edr EtQb;enaHRtÚvRkabBYn. 49 RbTHxµaMgefµ IreCIg ebikmbugedirehiyrbthxµamgefµirecigtamérb emeyig RtÚvERsk b efvicasbaøa[tahan raykñacaexspøam eqvg b sþam XøatKña>>>5Em:Rt ehiyrtúvelig[esµikña kmu[etamux erkay[esah ryccat;myynak;[mkr)ab;dl;embykrkb;byk ebirkúmeyigenaq aybibnþayxµamg RtÚvlblUnvareTAmux[ Cit edim,irsyl)aj; b RsYlecalRKab;Ebk. munnwg)aj; RtÚvTTYlbgÁab;BIemsin ehiyemil[c,as; etieyigelig esµikñaehiyb ena ebiesµikñaehiy emrtúvbgáab;[)aj;. 50 RbTHrfynþtampø Úvfñl; ebirbthrfynþtampøúvfñl; RtÚvrayBYkCaRkúmCaExS tampøúvfñl;pøam BYntamKuem<atéRB PWøERs dmbukfm² Xøat KñaBImñak;eTAmñak;cm ay5em:rt minrtúvbynq aybifñl;ebket RtÚvBYn[CitedIm,IRsYlts U rycehiyrtúvsþab;sñúrkamepøig rbs;emefvisbaøa[)aj;swm)aj;. 51 eblrbthgakasyan ebimangakasyanmk emrtúvpømúkeba [Tahanrt;rk EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar edimeqifm² dmbukfm² ebiérbesþig b re)ah RtÚvRkabBYn tamkuem<atlµmbit)amgxøün)an ebiknþalval RtÚvRbH edk[nwgmyykenøgefviduccakl;fmmyy kmu[xµamgedlebik ynþehah vaemilexijsáal;eyig ebimanedimeqimyyedim b BIredIm RtÚvbMEbkKña[RKb;edImeQI ebigñknaenaebot edimeqina RtÚvrt;eTArkedImeQIenaH ebirt;mintan;rtúv RbHedk[nwgmYykEnøg ebienacitmat;érb GUr sþwg RtÚvrt; RCktamenaH luhrtaet)at;surynþehahehiy emrtúvpøúm keba RbmUlKñavij RtÜtemIlERkg)at;edaysarehtuGIV? 52 eblmangasnñ ebledkkþi srmakkþi eblbriepak)aykþi minrtúvena CMuKñaeT RtÚvbMEbkKñaCa3RCúg[eRsc luhdl;mangasnñ duccaxµamgva)aj;mk emrtúverskefvicasbaøa[tahan EbkKña Ebrmuxeq<aHeTArkxµaMgRkabenAmYykEnøg 2 b 3nak; XøatKña 5Em:Rt RtÚvenA[esµIKña ebirbhedkceg ótkña b min esµikña RtÚvlUneTAbMEbkeLIg[esµIKñatamrebob minrtúv enamuxbykma:keyig etag[dwgnayecahvay nigbykma:kena eqvgsþam. enamant rubkmnurk,ünt½bex~rrkhm 20 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

23 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar bb aieq~ahcnrgerkahedl)ankemþcenamnþ Irs-21 KukTYlEsøg erobcmnigcgrkgeday³ yin nan tbielxmun l>r eq~ahedim tynati kenøgyk éf cul éf kemþc epsg² 436 supan; ):avg;sa ensatrti kmbg;esam mu:nrti siuqan³ ensatrti kmbg;esam erayent NURkEs ensatrti kmbg;esam Lat;sIu r:apan; ensatrti kmbg;esam mulsu n caerin eha ét ensatrti kmbg;esam mu:g Xun ensatrti kmbg;esam kuv vid ensatrti kmbg;esam edt ednyim ensatrti kmbg;esam smxit ensatrti kmbg;esam xam m:alak ensatrti kmbg;esam suta Rbúger:NU ensatrti kmbg;esam viqay eha Pug ensatrti kmbg;esam sahat; eha Bak ensatrti kmbg;esam RsIt kav eha swg ensatrti kmbg;esam yut Pug samran ensatrti kmbg;esam eqit Gwmfg ensatrti kmbg;esam Fmµr:at ekpg ensatrti kmbg;esam viq½y GMpVaNan; ensatrti kmbg;esam sumbu n estbupa ensatrti kmbg;esam La suimxa ensatrti kmbg;esam \ nþi ensatrti kmbg;esam qarti supmuni ensatrti kmbg;esam DI eba yut Cn tmbn;25? LÚv hui yut Cn vtþha syn v:an;sium yut Cn psarcas; Pa háicsiuv kmµkr tm,aj t qay Rs av RbCaCn PMñeBj su y ekit RbCaCn tmbn; RBM s n yut Cn ebaficintug pam y:agfwgu:n? kmbg;esam mcämnðléksarkm<úca 21

24 466 camg fan;ehog? kmbg;esam el y:agm:ay? kmbg;esam CIm y:agkwg? kmbg;esam tamg gu:khu g? kmbg;esam el fak;lwy? kmbg;esam dag y:agfa? kmbg;esam egvóg FIeFOg? kmbg;esam KIm gu:ketog? kmbg;esam cag y:agehv? kmbg;esam egvóg dingiu? kmbg;esam damg y:agcan;? kmbg;esam y: y:agfan;? kmbg;esam egvóg yulag? kmbg;esam y: y:agdag? kmbg;esam cwg ywgekv? kmbg;esam sarym? kmbg;esam sam LÚy? kmbg;esam ):ak pan;? kmbg;esam swt? kmbg;esam TI Qat? kmbg;esam sm siu? kmbg;esam Ga Nub? kmbg;esam epg? kmbg;esam m:an nt? kmbg;esam ca run? kmbg;esam su pat;? kmbg;esam bu n RTI? kmbg;esam ca erog? kmbg;esam LÚy elat? kmbg;esam Lat;? kmbg;esam mun? kmbg;esam mug Xun? kmbg;esam bu n elog? kmbg;esam ku vid? kmbg;esam EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkÉksar enamant 22 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

25 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav tcb; Kk Rss; niyayfa CYnkalk¾mankarsÞak;esÞIrekIt eligedr ehiyenakñúg kic karrbcumcivpab kñúgcmenam «bukálikmnþir s-21edlerobcmeligeday can; enaexkumö³ qñam1976 DucxøÜnÉgpÞal;RtÚv)ankt;RtasmþIEdl)an niyayetakan;bukálikrbs;xøünfa RtÚvkm at;nuvtssn³fa «vaygñketaskwexarexa. krnienh minrtúvefvicitþl et. RtÚvvayva edaymulehtucati mulehtuvnñ³nigmulehtu GnþrCati. KYr[cab;GarmµN_y:agxøaMg EdlBaküsmþIrbs; Duc mancab;bi eblsnþi)alcab;epþimdmenirkar dmbugkwcaeblmyyedl RKIssþÚhV½r er)annig nignissitdétetotedl siksabikarsmøab;rgáalrbs;nahsúi etaelicncaticvihv)ankt;rtatuknuv karsþak;esþirdmenirrtlb;etacas b; ex<imnigkarpjak;ep Il kñúgcmenam GñkEdlRtÚv)anecaTfa)ansmøab; mnusstamghvúg². enaeblmnþirs- 21 cab;epþimrbtibtþikardmbug kar sþak;esþ IrBIFmµCatikñ úgkarefv ITaruNkmµ nigsmøab;gñketas RtÚv)anBüayam CmñHdUcCamñak;Edl Duc )anrbmanxageli. eblevla echetrmkiletamux bukálikefvikarenamnþirs-21 k¾ducca BYkNahSúIEdr )anxmbit)amggmebirbs;xøün køingesacrbs; saksb rubragetakya:krbs;gñketasnigsermkrbs; GñkeTas. karlak;km)amgrebobenhkwgacyl;)an b:uenþkarefvimin egiebicmebahkarqwcab;rbs;gñkdétenaetbnþlt PaBeFVI[ mnussmankarrn t;tetaetot. GVIEdleyIgrg;caM ehiymin )anttylplenah KWkarRBlyBaküfa GVIEdlGñkeFVIkarenA semøgbimni Þr s-21 vkáti6³ briyaygmbimni Þrs-21 edaysa sþacarü edvid eqndl½r mnþirs-21)anefvi[xucxatdl;tmnak;tmngkñúgcmenamgñk TaMgenaH bnþal[j½rédenaeblsresr nigefvimin[edk lk; syl. cmebah Duc nig kunecaxøün cat;tukfa GñkeTas «efakcagsmrametaetot. karrsg;ykcemøiysarpabbi GñkeTas emiletahak;duccasmxan;kñúgkarkarbarbdivtþn_nig minsuvsµúksµaj b minbi)akcagkarlagcieba Imfñl; b P Ür ERseLIy. GMeBIeXareXAEdlCnéddl;)aneFVIeLIgRsb KñaeTAnwgkarmineGIeBIrbs;emekay b RtÚv)ankaryl;RBm ehiyvamingacr)ab;fa etieblnagmebiexarexartúv)an cgrkgcaéksarercincagekena kñúgbnñsar b eticnéddl;mankar rikraycmebahtegvirbs;xøündl;krmit NaenaHeT. KµanCnéddl;Namñak;niyay enakñúgkic smöasn_fa xøüncybsubin GaRkk;enAeRkayqñaM1979eLIy vapþúyetanwgcnrgerkahedlena rs;ranmancivit. edaysarkarminecjmuxrbs; GñksYrcemø Iy eyiggacrtwmetsþg; )anfa GñksYrcemøIymanGarmµN_ EbbNaenAeBlxøÜnkMBugeFVIkarenA mnþirs-21b:uenñah. Rbsinman Cnéddl;Namñak;RtÚv)annaMykmkkat;eTasenAcMeBaHmux tulakarenah emø:heknwgeqøiyfa ekefvitambba a enaerkam lkçxnðeblmans gáam ehiyfakarvaydmnigefvitarunkmµ etahcagacrbekkminrbmefvik¾eday )ancmruj[mankar esuibrkkarbit[)ankan;etelon karbarmcäimbks nig se gáahcatikum[ «GaxµaMgyYnelbTwkdI. minxusgvibigadul egcm:an;/ hvans_ sþag hál/ nigrkúmpþac;xøünfµi²enh man ducca egog sari nyn Ca nig exovsmpnet GñkeFVIkarenA mnþirs-21 TaMgenaH k¾gacniyaykarbarxøün)anedrfa mcämnðléksarkm<úca 23

26 kalenahvaepsg \LÚvvapSwg. ducxøamyyedl exov smpn )anniyayenaésnñisitsarbt manenaexfñú qñam1998 CaPasaGg;eKøsTaMgrdak;rdubnigrjIrj½rfa «erogedl knøghysetaehiy [vahysetacuh. GñkTaMgenaHGac benßmetotfa GMeBIeXareXAnigkarrMelaPbMBaneFVIeLIgenA mnþirs-21 KWedaysarxµaMgbreTsQøanBanTwkdIkm<úCa RbCaFibetyü nigedim,its Use gáah BUCsasn_Exµr søút «Rtg;EdlRtÚvrgeRKaH. ebitamelaktssn³ebbkmµpl vijfa «ral;kmhus b karefvircúledlrbrbwtþeligenakñúg Kuk KWsuT EtCasñaédrbs;«KijevotNam. enhcamaka Edl exov smpn Rbkan;ykenATsvtSr_ qñam1980 ehiy CamaKa Edl b:ul Bt pþal; niyayehiyniyayetot enakñúgkic smöasn_camyy ent efy½r. ]bkrn_pasa erbisrmab;bukálikefvikarenakñúgkuknig bg²fñak;eliena «rksalkçn³ducedim. karsumetasducgviedl egog sari nyn Ca nig exov smpn )anniyayrbehlcagayrsylyl;nas; b:uenþ karkmnt;bigmebimnussxaty:agfmniggmebikyr[rbwrbücbitca 24 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav mankrmit. Kµan «bribt NamanTMhMRKb;RKan;sRmab;TegVI rbs; sun esn/ Duc nig «bg²fñak;eli et. briyay y:agem:ck¾enaetexijfa Xatkrsmøab;mnusSEdlman bbaðaedr. bukálmñak; b bukálmyycmnynedledirtycmnysmux[ mcäimbks)ansermccitþefvixatgñketasedlsnþi)alxum XaMgedayminxVl;fa GñkeTas)aneFVIGVIeLIy. efviduecñh edim,ikmøagñkcmtas;smxan;² karbarkarn_sm at;nigbgðaj fa bksefvigviminechxuset. edaydwgbirebobcat;tamgrbs; km<úcarbcafibetyüexijfa esckþisermccitþ[efvikar garkñúglkçn³enh KWRbEhlCaecjmkBI b:ul Bt b y:ag ehacnas;efvieligrtúvetanwgkaryl;rbmrbs; b:ul Bt etahcamkdl;sbvéf mintan;exijmanp½sþútagnabba ak;bi karyl;rbmrbs; b:ul Bt k¾eday. «bg²fñak;eli Edl edirtamerkayrbtibtþikarenamnþirs-21 nig sun esn RBmTaMg Duc EdlCaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvdMeNIrkarTaMgGs;enH edaypþal;dwgfa GIVEdleKkMBugeFVInigGVIEdlRtÚveFIVteTA etot ṫamkarbit bukáltamgenh RbEhlCaGacbn Úrbnßy mcämnðléksarkm<úca

27 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav karqwcab;rbs;gñketas edahelgkunekµgtuc²edlcab; KukCamYymþay b bn Úrbnßykarkab;smøab; RbsinebIeKBit Cacg;eFVIEmn. enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü BitCa mancermisefviebbenh)an ehiyyutþifm bdivtþn_k¾gacefvi edaykþiemtþa)anedr. minetb:uenñah GñkEdlenArs;ran mancivitcakputbirbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü )anelikelig nuveqµahkmµapi)alexµrrkhmmyycmnynedlmancitþl b kmµapi)alminsuvtwgetg. k¾b:uenþenamnþirs-21vij mingacmanpøúvepsgebbenheliy. TaMg sun esn/ Duc nigkunecaedlefvikarenaerkambgáab; )anbgákarqwcab;ca Bn;eBkmkelIGñkeTasedaycitþRtCak;CaRbB½n nigkµan vib,disaricmebahtegvirbs;xøüneliy. hsimun buemn EdlsrsrGMBIkarsmøab;rgÁalrbs; NahSúIeTAelICnCatiCVIhVnigKMnitsm½yfµIenAkñúgsñaédrbs; milrkam )anrmb keyigfa «Bt mankyr[rn t;bmputedl)an mkbigmebimhaxatkmµetaelicncaticvihvniggviedleyigdwg BICnéddl;énGMeBIenH minemnbba ak;bilt PaBfa «GMeBIenH GacFøak;mkelIeyIgeT b:uenþkmnitfa eyiggacefvigmebienh )an. RbsinebIGtßn½yénmnÞIrs-21 b karsmøab;rgáal CnCatiCVIhV GacRtÚv)anbRgÜjmkRtwmmYyRbeyaK sumerciserisykrbeyakrbs; buemn. citþvitumyyrub eqµah r:ueb It ec lihvtun EdlsresrGMBIbuKÁlikeBTüenA tamcmrmnahsúi mankmnitrbhak;rbehlkñaenhedr. elak )ankt;smáal;fa «mnussfmµtagacrbrbwtþgmebiexarexa EbbenH. karbnül;gmbimnþirs-21edlbenþas «mnussgarkk; fa)anefvigmebigarkk; ebalkwbenþasgñkdétfa CaGñkeFVI GMeBIGaRkk; min)ankitfa GVIEdleyIgTaMgGs;KñacUlrYm CamYyCnéddl;RbRBwtþGMeBIGaRkk; tambitkwminemnca vb,fm CalT ib TMenarcg;smøab;mnusSEdlmanmkBIkMeNIt enahet b:uenþvacasarcatirbs;mnusscati ehiycabiess CaTMenarrbs;eyIgeTArkkareFVItRmab;tamnigeKarBbBa a. PaKeRcInéneyIgTaMgGs;Kña sgs½yfa Gaccab;epþImsuaM nwgkarefvigvimyy duccakarefvitarunkmµ b karkab;smøab; kñúgxn³gñkedleyigekarbr)ab;[eyigefviebbenhnig xn³edlkµankmhitfa RtÚveFVIy:agem:c²xøHenaH. cmebah eyigral;kña kic karesþirettamggs;nwgkµangvibi)aket ebi CnrgeRKaHRtÚv)ancat;TukfaCaGñkeRkAeTAehIyenaH. milrkam )ankt;smáal;kñúgsmenrtak;tgnwgbtbiesafn_ rbs;xøünfa «bukálmñak;kwcapñak;garmñak; enaeblbukálenah cat;tukxøünégfa sßitenakñúgsßanpabsgámcak;esþgedl trmúv[xøünefvitambtbba abibukálmñak;etotedlmanzan³ x<s;cagxøün. cg;niyayfa GVIEdlRtÚv)anGnuBaØat b bba a[efvietahcagarkk;ebbnak¾eday KWRtÚvEtekIt elig. kñúglkçxnðebbenh krmmankarrbekknas; manetkarrbrbwtþetmþg. cmenkégmebipþúynwgsilfm ducedl buemn elikehtuplsmrmüedrfa KWRtÚvEteTA tamsgám. pþúymkvijgmebicmñh rwgrus b PaBemtþa KWvaGaRs½yeTAelICeRmIspÞal;xøÜnrbs;buKÁl. CeRmIs mcämnðléksarkm<úca 25

28 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav 26 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

29 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav bnþb;xmuxamgtuc²énmnþirs-21 EdlpÞúyeTAnwgqnÞ³rbs;xøÜnkRmmanNas;. ducedlgñk nibn sþúbs tabu rmb keyigenakñúgn½yepsgmyyetotfa «esckþikøahanedltrmúv[mankñúgkarkrmitgmebihigsaenah CaTUeTAminEmnCaesckþIkøahanecjmkBIkmøaMgkayEdl CaqnÞ³cg;dak;CIvitenaHeT b:uenþvacaesckþikøahankñúgkar CMTas;Rkúmrbs;xøÜn nigesckþikøahankñúgkarefvi[erkahfñak; dl;zan³enakñúgrkúm b GaCIBrbs;xøÜn. b:uenþedayrmlwkbakürseghrsegacrbs; buemn va hak;duccafa karbriyaybigmebiexarexarbs;mnþirs-21 valbixatecigékénkm<úcarbcafibetyü RBmTaMgGMeBI exarexaduccakarsmøab;rgáalrbs;byknahsúietaeli CnCatiCVIhV karsmøab;rgáalenarv:an;da/ buseno nig \NÐÚensuI cam)ac;rtúvesvgrkminrtwmetkñúgcmenamgñkedl bgákarqwcab;niggñkedlecjbba ab:uenñahet b:uenþrtúv EsVgrkkRmitrYmTUeTAEtmþg ducedl swrwni nig buemn )an esñielig. enakñúgsñaédnibn mancmngecigfa «RbQmmux nwgbbaðaf n;f rbmput etvn tan; tuduru:v )anbdiesfkarecat Rbkan;Edlfa swrwn KaMRT sþaghál RCúleBk. tudur:uv sresrfa «etienhcagviedleyigcg;)anb?. Rbtikmµ rebobenhbgðajnuvgarmµn_p½yxøacedlbukálmñak;gacman kñúgkarrkexijfa GñkeFVIGMeBIGaRkk;minxusKñaeRcIneTAnwg xøünéget. karbriyaygmbi)atuputduccaenamnþirs-21enhkw bgáb;enakñúgsmtßpabrbs;eyigpþal;etmþg EdlmandUcCa karbba anigekarbkñaetavijetamkrymkñacamyygñkepsgetot RbqaMgnwgCncEmøk lg;r)anenakñúgrkúmcg;)anpab\t ex ah nigkaryl;rbmnigsmtßpabkñúgkarbeb ajkmhwg nig karyl;rclmrbs;eyig CaBiessenAeBleyIgRtÚv)an CMrujBIGñkEdleyIgeKarB [efviduecñhetaeligñkdétedl PaKeRcInKµanGñkNaCYy. cg;esvgrkrbpbéngmebigarkk; EdlRtÚv)anRbRBwtþeLIgerogral;éf enamnþirs-21 eyig mincam)ac;emiletanaq aybixøüneyiget. cb;edaybribun mcämnðléksarkm<úca 27

30 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav RbB½n snþisuxpumipaknirti rbbexµrrkhmrtúv)anvayrlmrlaygs;ry³ebl Cag20qñaMknøgmkehIy b:uenþsmnyredltak;tindl;gmebi EdlbNþal[CIvitRbCaCnkm<úCaCag1lan7Esnnak; søab;)at;bg;civitkñúggmlúgrbbexµrrkhm enaetekitmannig enaetelikmkceckevkejky:agekþakkuknigrsücrsal; enakñúgsgámkm<úcabc úb,nñ. etimulehtugvi)ancamankar kab;smøab;rbcacnekitelig? etikarrbharcivitrbcacn km<úcamandmenikarniglkçn³ebbna? mulehtusmxan;edlbnþal[mankarrbharcivit RbCaCnekIteLIg KWedaysarKMnitnigmenaKmviC arbs; emdwknamexµrrkhmedlyl;fa enakñúgsgámnigcmuvijxøün ebarebjetaedayxµamg. GRtaxµaMgenAkñúgshkrN_man rhutetadl;bak;knþaléncmnynrbcacnrs;enashkrn_ TaMgmUl. enh)anesckþifa kñúgcmenamrbcacnrs;enakñúg shkrn_2nak; mñak;kwcaxµamg. erkagmbixµamgenakñúgshkrn_edlrtúvexµrrkhmcat;tukcarbeptxµamgxagkñúgénrbb enh manxµamgmyyrbeptepsgetot KWxµaMgxageRkA. cmebah ExµrRkhm xµamgtamgbirrbeptenh b:unb:gvaydenþimgmnac nigbmpøicbmpøajbdivtþn_rbs;xøünrkb;tikenøgnigrkb;eblevla TaMgenAelIsmrPUminigsUm,IEtenAtamvalERs. xµamgxagkñúgcarbeptxµamgedlbkskumµúynisþkm<úcaman karrbüy)armöy:agxøamg edaysarxµamgxagkñúgmancmnynercin rhutdl;eta144000nak; esµinwg2pakryéncmnyn RbCaCnkm<úCaTaMgGs;. bkskumµúynisþkm<úcayl;fa xµamg xagkñúg)anbgátmnas;sµúrksµaj søab;rs; BItUceTAFMeday «RbRBwtþnUvGMeBIviT gsnaepsg²rbqamgnwgbdivtþn_. riégmebi vit gsnarbs;xµamgxagkñúgmankarlycqk; ebhe)acdmnamkñúg n½ybmpøajbdivtþn_. GMeBIviT gsnarbs;xµamgxagkñúg)anekit eligenarkb;tikenøg RKb;Rcklðk tmbn; Rsuk shkrn_ PUmi XuM. kñúgkarefvierskwmankarrbyut BIr TImYyRbyuT nwg «FmµCatiTIBIrRbyuT CamYyxµaMgvabMpøaj. xµamgvabmpøajtamgbi snþúgeta vabt;edim vaminsþúgbib s BIKl;ÉNa vasþúgbt; bmpøajrcút vabmpøajdwk vabmpøajbba an; vabmpøajbgábegáin pledaykarts Uxagbec ketspg ts UvNѳpg ts Urvag bdivtþn_nigminbdivtþn_pg. xµamgxagkñúgena)anculsuirugépþ kñúgdl;kñúgcyrbksnigcyrkmµapi)aldwknamefmetot. enakñúg CYrdwknaMenH xµamgxagkñúgefviskmµpabrbqamgnwgggákareday «karbegvrmhacnetatampøúvxusbimaka rbs;bks. xµamgcab;ninñakarneya)ay vnñ³ CaRbePTxµaMgmYyepSg etotedlbkskumµ úynisþkm< úcacat;tukfacaxµamgedlmanbmng ekalcmhr nig KMnitdUcxµaMgBitR)akdrbs;GgÁkarEdr. xµamg Cab;ninñakarneya)ay nig vnñ³mantmnak;tmngcamyyxµamg rbs;ggákar. GgÁkarmanCMenOfa karmankmnitekalcmhr RbqaMgnwgGgÁkarBImYyéf etamyyéf efvi[kmøamgrbqamgnwg bdivtþn_rikfmeligbgá[tmnas;rikbitucetafm. duckñúgrtwsþi bdic smub,atedl)anbmbak;bmb:nkmµapi)alrkb;rubfa GIV² «TaMgGs;suT EtmanTMnak;TMng GIV²TaMgGs;suT Etmankarvivtþ ERbRbÜleTAmux GVI²TaMgGs;Edlvivtþ KWvivtþBITabeTAx<s; BItUceTAFMBIbrimaNeTAKuNPaB GIV²TaMgGs;suT Etman TMnas;. RbCaCnRKb;rUbEdlRtÚv)ancab;xøÜnmkdl;mnÞIr snþisux RtÚv)ancat;TukCaxµaMgrbs;GgÁkarEdl)anRbqaMg nwgggákary:agebjtmhwg. kñúgkmnitrbs;kmµapi)al mnþir snþisux vtþmanrbs;rbcacnkñúgmnþirsnþisux etahbicakµan «28 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

31 I EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav GavuF b Cab;cMNg k¾fatubit KWCaxµaMg. Parkic rbs; kmµapi)almnþirsnþisuxcamyynwgxµamgtamgenah KWCaParkic edahrsaytmnas;. CaTMnas;rvagbdivtþn_nwgxµaMg ehiyca RbePTTMnas;søab;rs;. tamrtwsþ Ibdic smub,at vifiedahrsay TMnas;søab;rs;enH dac;xatrtúvqreliekalcmhrvnñ³. RTwsþ IenHBnül;fa munnwgsermcvipaktmnas;myy kmµapi)al «RtÚvEtsegátemIlGMBIvNѳrbs;GñkEdl)anbgá[manTMnas; enhcamunsin. esovepakmnt;ehturbs;smmitþ Xin supn kt;rta vkásiksavipaktmnas;kñ úgsgámkm< úca )anelik]tahrn_énvifi vipaktmnas;myy eyigexijxµamgefviskmµpabehiy b:uenþ «eyigfavamingi enhmkbieyigennammintan;ekþa duccaxµamgva pwktwketñat ehiycuhgacm_dak;kñúgbmbg;etot eyigfava xilnas; KWminfavaxµaMgeT tambitvacaxµamg. vifivipak TMnas;tamRTwsþIbdic smub,at)anefvi[rbcacnsøútrtg;man kmhusbnþicbnþückøaycaxµamgrbs;ggákaredaymindwgxøün edaysargvi²sut EtTak;TgKña sut EtTak;TgnwgGMeBIk,t; sut EtTak;TgCaExSsgVak;. skmµpabepsgetotedlrtúv rab;bba ÚlrYmmankareFVI)ak;ngÁ½leBlP Ür sþúgbt;kl;snþúg efvi[)ak;søabrba kmµsit ÉkCnedaykarlYcebHEpøeQInig dmnamrbs;smuhpabcaedim. ekalkarn_nigvifankar ekalkarn_rbs;bkskumµúynisþkm<úcakñúgkaredah RsayTMnas;søab;rs;rvagbdivtþn_nigxµaMg KWEsVgrknig RbharCIvit EdlCaParkic cam)ac;minechcb;minechehiy nigcaparkic d¾]tþúg]tþmö edim,ibubvehtu «karbar nig ksag RbeTs. BaküesøakExµrRkhmmYy)ankMNt;fa édmçag «bgábegáinpl édmçagvayxµamg. rdæfmµnubaøénrbbkm<úca RbCaFibetyüEdlcUlCaFrmanenAéf TI5 Exmkra qñam 1976niglkçnþ ik³bkskumµ úynisþkm< úca)ankmnt;karrbhar CIvitcMeBaH xµamgedlmanbmngrbqamgnwgbdivtþn_nigbmpiøc «bmpøajrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyüedlmanlkçn³caexs sgvak;. KN³kmµaFikarmCÄimbkSk¾)ankMNt;karpþnÞaeTas cmebahxµamgtamsµartirdæfmµnubaøniglkçnþik³bksedr. esckþi ENnaMkMNt;karpþnÞaeTasRsaledaykar ENnaMGb;rMnig «pþnþaetaskrmitx<s;eday km at;cmebahxµamgedlrbqamgnwg «GgÁkar edayectna edayekalcmhrebjcitþebjeføim. «vifankaredahrsaytmnas;søab;rs;rbs;bkscamyy xµamg ekiteligcabnþbnþab;y:agebjtmhwg KµanRBMEdnkMNt; nigkµanemtþa. BaküesøakExµrRkhmmYykMNt;fa Rbhar «CIvitRcLMmnusSKµankMhus10nak; RbesIrCagedaHElg mnussmankmhusmñak;. egog sari GtIt]bnaykrdæm nþi nig Cardæm nþikar bretsénrbbkm< úcarbcafibetyü )an[dwgfa bnþab;biman yut nakarcemøósrbcacnecjbitirkúg bks)antamdannig rkexijrkab;rmesvnig GavuFCaeRcInEdlGtIt Tahan b:ulisrbb ln; Nul )anlak;tukedim,i pþülrmlmdenþimgmnac vij. eblenahbks)an RbkasGMBIvtþmanxµaMg egog sari ehiyepnkarrbs;bks cmebahxµamgtamgenah KWbnþtamrknigkemÞcecal. tamsmþ rbs; egog sari faenatutamgrbetsmanxµamgxagkñúgbi1eta 5PaKry. cmebahxµamgxagkñúgrksygkarbrets egog sari bba ak;fa )annigkmbugefviskmµpab. vifankarcmebahxµamg xagkñúgtamgenah egog sari Rbkas[ tamdanrbvtþirub nig «efvicivtssn_[c,as;las;edaybba a[efviedayhµt;ct;nig twgruwgducca RBÜl>>>RBÜlbiTCit EdlsUm,IEt kmbwsk¾min ««GacecjrYcEdr. nyn Ca yl;fa xµamgxagkñúgedlsmxan; ehiyedlrtúv EtRbharCIvitecalmundMbUgbg s; KWsMNl;rbb ln; Nul. nyn Ca )anennamkmµapi)algmbiepnkarrbs;bkscmebahcn mcämnðléksarkm<úca 29

32 smnl;fa «Tahancas;ku M TukeFVIGIVeRBaHGaenHvamin gaylhbg;nuvkmnitcas;et ducenhrtúvkemþcecaltamg Gs; Ėpnkarrbs;bkSkñúg karesvgrknigrbharcivit GtItTahan b:ulis rbb nyn Ca ln; Nul EdlbkS)ancat;TukCaxµaMgkñúgeKaledAmuneK )anekiteligenarkb;tikenøgrkb;rksygmnþirtutamgrbets. GtItKN³XuMkMEBg RsukéRBkb,as extþtaekv )an[dwg faepnkarbkskñúgkaresvgrknigrbharcivitxµamgrtúv)an dak;cuhetafñak;erkamedim,ignuvtþ. GtItKN³XMurUbenH )anttylbba aniggnuvtþtamepnkarrbs;bks. enabak; knþalqñam1975 Kat;)ancab; nigbba ÚnxøÜnGtItTahan ln; Nul Edlrs;enAkñúgXuMkMEBgCaeRcInnak; RbKl;eTA[ KN³RsukéRBkb,as. kmµapi)alexµrrkhmmñak;etot eqµah EGm min eha Esn sresrerobrab;kñúgcemøiy sarpabrbs;xøünfa³ «tamepnkarbks RtÚverobcMTTYlRbCaCnEdlCemøós ecjbitirkúgpñmebjnigtirymextþnana TukRbCaCnTaMgenHmYy kenøgeday[rs;enakñ úgpuminigxu Mrbs;RbCaCn. cmebahgñk Edl)anbgáb;xøÜnkñúgcMeNamRbCaCn cam)ac;rtúvetdkecj yketadak;myykenøg bnþab;mkefvikarvaytémø esuibgegát BYkenH[c,as;las;. RbsinrkeXIjfa nrnacam nþ I RtÚv kemþcmþgmyy². muxsbaøaxµamgedlttylrgkare)assm atbnþab;bi GtItTahan b:ulisrbb ln; Nul KWkmµaPi)alExµrRkhm nigrbcacnedlrtúvecatrbkan;fak,t;nwgggákar manbmng pþülrmlmbksedaykarb:unb:gefvirdærbhar nigefviviecätkmµ epsg². vifisa sþtimyyrbs;bkskumµúynisþkm<úcacmebah xµamgépþkñ úg KW«bBa úhbba ÚlsV ½yTieton nig vifiepsg²etot. EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav vifisa sþenhrtúvbrac½y xµamgenaetbnþguklúknigbmpøajbks dedl. duecñhbkskumµúynisþkm<úca)anelikykvifisa sþ TIBIrmkGnuvtþedayRtÜtBinitü FatuedImrbs;kmµaPi)al. «kñúgexkkáda qñam1977 nyn Ca )anennambmbak;bmb:n ekalcmhrneya)aykgt½b nig kmµapi)alkñúgpumipak]tþr GMBIEpnkarTIBIrbs;bkScMeBaHxµaMgEdl)aneRCótcUlkñúgCYr dwknam CaBiesskñúgshkrN_ nigkñúgcyrbks[ tamdan «efvirbvtþirubedim,ie)assm at[gs;. EpnkarTIBIrenHTTYl )anecakc½yy:agfmefg. nyn Ca EføgR)ab;KN³RbtiPU danwm:akgmbic½ycmñhenhfa «karefvirbvtþirubefvi[eyigrk exijnigdwgfakm~api)alrbs;eyigkwcapñak;garrbs;xµamg. karebgecksit ikemþcxµamg enaéf TI30 ExmIna qñam1976 KN³mCÄimbkSénbkS kumµúynisþkm<úca )ansermcebgecksit isermckemþcxµamg dl;rkb;pumipak RksYg mnþirtutamgrbetsducteta³ ebienakñ úgrkbx½nðmuldæanrtúvgcié nþy_paksermc. CuMvijmnÞIrmCÄimRtÚvKN³mnÞIrmCÄimseRmc. tmbn;ékracürtúvgcié nþy_sermc. kgt½bmcäimrtúvesnafikarsermc. bnþab;biebgecksit ikemþcxµamgrkb;rbeptrbs;ggákar TUTaMgRbeTs KN³mCÄimbkS)ankMNt;niymn½yxµaMgrbs; GgÁkar nigpþnþaetasrbharcivitcmebah xµamgrkb;rbept «RKb;CMnan;Edlb:unb:gRbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_ edayectnaman ekalcmhrebjcitþebjeføimcamyyxaµmgsrtúv. ekalkarn_nigvifankarrbs;bkscmebahxµamg)anrcüt RCabnigekIteLIgcab;taMgBIPUmiPaKrhUtdl;XuMnigmnÞIr snþisuxtutamgrbets. kmµapi)almnþirsnþisuxmñak;sresr kñúgesovepakmnt;ehtueronsurtrbs;xøüngmbivifankarrbs; bkskñúgkarrbharcivitxµamgrbs;ggákarfa «erkayéf 17 emsa 1975 etahbigñkégcules>gui>gabiqñamnak¾eday [EtrYmskmµPaBCaExSsgVak;RbqaMgnwgbdivtþn_minRBmQb; esah GñkenaHÉgRtÚvmaneTas. cmebahyyn nigka>ehs>eb 30 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

33 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav k¾duccaes>gui>gaedr [EteRkay17 emsa 1975enH minrbmqb; KWRtÚvmaneTas. cmebah Duc KN³mnÞ Irs-21 yl;fa xµamgxagkñúgkwca stvxµ Út Ca dgá Úv nigca emerak «««EdlBYnsm MenAkñ úgeqinigemerakedlekitecjkñ úgsac;edl efvi[eqinigsac;enahxucs úyrlyy. btvicarnkfa rbs;bks)anrbkaserbobefobxµamgxagkñúgetanwg dgáúvkñúg «sac; ehiyvifankarcmebahdgáúvenh KW qáwhecal [Gs;. «cmebahkmµapi)almnþirsnþisux kargnuvtþkargar snþi)aledaysrsak;srsamcakargaredahrsaytmnas; søab;rs;rvagbdivtþnigxµamg. kargarsnþi)alcakargar «ts UvNѳ CakargarKas;rMelIgb skl;vnñ³cihcan; ehiy kargarenhetotesatcakargarkarbarrbetsnigksag bdivtþsgámniym. BImCÄimdl;mUldæan RbtibtþikarénmnÞIrsnþisuxekIt elignigdmenirkarmindac;sgvak;. RbtibtþikarTMnak;TMng rvagfñak;elinigfñak;erkamrtúv)ankmnt;kñúglkçnþik³bks kumµúynisþkm<úcay:agc,as;«ggákarbksrkb;can;fñak;rtúv GnuvtþParkic kñúgcmenammhacn ehiyggákarbksrkb;can; fñak;rtúvetraykarn_gmbispabkarn_nigparkic EdlxøÜn )anefvitamkalkmnt;nimyy². Qit econ eha tam:uk b ta15 Caelxa PUmiPaKnirtI sac;jati nig kmµapi)aldwknamrkb;lmdab; fñak;enakñ úgpumipaknirti )an Gnuvtþy:agmanRbsiT PaB tam: uk tamrdæfmµnubaø tamlkçnþ ik³ bks tamsµartiggárbcu Mnig esckþiennamepsg²rbs;kn³mcäimbks. tam:uknig sac;jati )anbegáit[manmnþirsnþisuxkñúgpumipaknirti tamgbifñak;xum Rsuk tmbn; nigpumipak. mnþirsnþisuxkñúg PUmiPaKnirtI mancmnynsrub250edlebgeckcamnþ IrXu MXaMg fñak;xumcmnyn225 fñak;rsukcmnyn21 fñak;tmbn;cmnyn3 nig fñak;pumipakcmnyn1. mnþirsnþisuxtamggs;manekalbmng EtmYy KWXMuXaMgnigRbharCIvitRbCaCn b:uenþdmenirkarén mnþirsnþisuxtamgenahmanlkçn³xusebøkbikañ ebalkwcmnyn GñkeTasekIneLIgBIticeTAeRcIneTAtamlMdab;fñak;eRkameTA fñak;eli. b: uenþgv IEdleFV I[eyIgcab;Garm~N_enaH KWdMeNIrkar efvitarunkm~syrcemøiynigkarsmøab;gñketasmanercinena mnþ Irsnþ isuxfñak;erkametavij. mnþ IrEdlmanskm~PaBnig dmenirkarsmxan;nigrsücrsal;bmputenah KWmnÞ IrGb;rMRsuknig mnþ Irsnþ isuxtmbn;. mnþirqøbxumkwcamnþirxumxamgcnrgerkahedlmanetas Rsal duccalycebhe)acbenøbgáarbnþicbnþüc. mnþirqøb XuM manmuxgar2 KWCamnÞ IrXu MXaMgbeNþaHGasnñ nigcamnþ Ir lt;dmefvikargarf n;f r. RbCaCnEdlCab;XuMXaMgkñúgmnÞIr QøbXu MRtÚv)anehAfa «GñkeTasrbs;GgÁkar. mnþ IrQøb XuMsßiteRkamkarRKb;RKgrbs;KN³XuMnigRbFanQøbXuM. mnþirgb;rmrsukcamnþirenacenøahknþalrvagmnþirqøbxumnig mnþ Irsnþ isuxtmbn;. mnþ IrGb;rMRsuk KWCamnÞ IrXu MXaMgRbCaCn EdlRtÚv)anecaTRbkan;nigcab;xø ÜnBIbTRbePTxµaMgrbs;GgÁkar CaGtItTahan b:ulisénrbb ln; Nul nig RbePTxµaMgeFVI skmµpabrbqamgnwgggákar. mnþirgb;rmrsukbmebjmuxgar Xu MXaMg syrcemø Iy nig RbharCIvit. mnþ IrGb;rMRsuksß itena erkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;kn³rsuk nigkn³mnþ IrGb;rMRsuk. mnþirsnþisuxtmbn;kwcamnþirxumxamgrbcacnedlpak ercincagtittahan b: Uliskñ úgrbb ln; Nul nig kmµapi)al bermikargarkñ úgrbbkm< úcarbcafibetyü EdlRtÚv)anecaT Rbkan;fak,t;nwgGgÁkarCaExSsgVak;. mnþirsnþisuxtmbn; bmebjmuxgarcamnþirxumxamg syrcemøiy nig RbharCIvit. RbCaCnEdlCab;XuMXaMgkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;RtÚv)anehAfa «xµamgrbs;ggákar. mnþ Irsnþ isuxtmbn;sß iterkamkarrkb;rkg rbs;kn³mnþirsnþisuxtmbn;nigkn³tmbn;. mnþirsnþisuxpumipaknirtimantitamgenapñmsnøúgkñúgrsuk mcämnðléksarkm<úca 31

34 RTaMg extþtaekv. mnþ Irsnþ isuxpumipakenhkwcamnþ IrsRmab; XuMXaMgRbCaCnEdlRtÚvCaRbBn kun sac;jatirbs;gñk EdlRtÚv)anecaTRbkan;faCaxµaMgrbs;GgÁkar ehiyrtúv)an GgÁkarcab;xøÜnnigRbharCIvit. mnþirsnþisuxpumipaknirti KWCamnÞIrXuMXaMgsRmab;lt;dMkargarF n;f r nigmanrbbhub cukminrkb;rkan;. RbCaCnEdlRtÚvemIleXIjfa)an RbRBwtþkMhusbEnßm rymmankarlycqk;rbs;rbrsmuhpab lycrt;ekcxøün efvikarminebjédebjecig RtÚvnaMeTAdak;kñúg bnþb;xumxamg nig RbharCIvit. mnþirsnþisuxpumipakenhsßit erkamkarrkb;rkgrbs;elxapumipaknirti. xagerkamenhkwcaclnatak;tgcaexssgvak;edl begáit[mnþirsnþisuxkñúgpumipaknirtimandmenirkar TMnak;TMngeTAvijeTAmkrvagfñak;eRkamnigfñak;elI)an efvi[rbtibtþikarrbs;mnþirsnþisuxdmenirkarminechdac; duc clnakgrgvg;edlvilminqb;qr. RbFanRkúm RbFankg RbFanPUmi KN³XuM nigkn³shkrn_ CaGñkraykarN_GMBI smaspabxµamgetakn³rsuk. bnþab;bibinitür)aykarn_ KN³RsukbBa a[qøbxumcab;xøünrbcacnbba ÚneTAmnÞIrQøb Xu MnigmnÞ IrGb;rMRsuk edim,isyrcemø Iy. GñkeTaskñ úgmnþ IrQøb XuMRtÚvTTYleCaKvasna2 KW 1 RtÚv)anedaHElg[vil RtLb;eTAPUmi XuM nigshkrn_vij nig2 RtÚvbBa Únbnþ etamnþirgb;rmrsuk. RbFanmnÞIrGb;rMRsukepJIcemøIysarPaB rbs;gñketasetakn³tmbn;. bnþab;bibinitücemøiysarpab rbs;gñketas KN³tMbn;CaGñkseRmc[RbharCIvit. GñkeTasEdlmanbuNüskþix<s;nigCab;Bak;B½n dl;epnkar RbqaMgnwgGgÁkarCaExSsgVak; RtÚv)anbBa ÚnCabnþbnÞab;BI mnþirsnþisuxfñak;tabdl;fñak;x<s; nigrhutdl;mnþirs-21 enamcäim. cemø IysarPaBrbs;GñkeTasmnÞ Irs-21 RtÚv KN³mnÞIrs-21 epjietakn³mcäimbksedim,ibinitünig sermc. n hiug ra:ya: RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnenAéf TI26 Extula qñam 1975BIRBMRbTl;RbeTsevotNamxagt,ÚgeRkamkar 32 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav ecatrbkan;facacarnari nigcaexscat;tamgrbs; efa yij. bnþab;bicab;xumxamgnigqøgkat;karsycemøiygs;ry³ebl myyexkñúgmnþirsnþisuxtmbn;25 n huig r:aya: RtÚv)anbBa Ún etamnþirs-21enaéf TI25 Exvicäka qñam1975. GñkeTasmñak;eToteQµaH suisuvtßi bu tsara: eha Rcwg Gayu33qñaM RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnXuMXaMgkñúgmnÞIrsnþisuxtMbn;25 enaéf TI3 ExkumÖ³ qñam1976. Rcwg RtÚv)anbBa Únmkdl; mnþ Irs-21enAéf TI4 ExmIna qñam1976 ehiyrtúvsmmitþ Duc dak;eqµahcunkn³mcäimbksbinitüenaéf TI8 Extula qñam mcämnðléksarkm<úca

35 EsVgrkkarBit-EpñkRbvtiþsa sþnigkarrsavrcav R)ahu Im GtItTahanskþ i4knøhénrbb ln; Nul RtÚv)an cab;nigbba ÚnxøÜnCabnþbnÞab;BImnÞIrQøbXuMekaHFMeTAmnÞIrGb;rM RsukekaHFM. bnþab;mkrtúvbba ÚnBImnÞIrGb;rMRsukekaHFMeTA mnþirsnþisuxtmbn;25 nigbimnþirsnþisuxtmbn;25etamnþir s-21. tamcemøiysarpabrbs; R)ahuIm )an[dwgfa Kat;RtÚvbBa Únmkdl;mnÞIrs-21 enaéf TI24 Exmkra qñam 1976 ehiyrtúvkn³mcäimbkssermc[kemþcenaéf TI 26 Ex]sPa qñam1976. GtItsmaCikRBwT sparbb ln; Nul eqµah y:as; y:a RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnenAPUmieKaeh XuMrkaekag RsukmuxkMBUl tmbn;25enaevlaem:ag10yb;naéf TI6 ExFñ Ú qñam1975. bnþab;birtúvcab;xøün y:as;y:a RtÚvbBa ÚnxøÜnCabnþbnÞab;BI kenøgmyyetakenøgmyy. TIbMput y:as;ya: RtÚvsøab;eday karefvitarunkmµenamnþirs-21. karsøab;)at;bg;civitrbs; huim m:an GtItkmµaPi)al LÚt ensatkñúgtmbn;25 mandmenirerogminxusbiy:as;y:a eliy. huim m:an RtÚv)ancab;xøÜnXuMXaMg ehiybba ÚnxøÜnBI mnþirsnþisuxmyyetamnþirsnþisuxmyyrhutdl;mnþirs-21. TIbMput Kat;RtÚvKN³mCÄimbkSseRmc[kemÞcecalenAbwg ecigék. ego em:g RTI mnþ Irsnþ isuxtmbn;15 mcämnðléksarkm<úca 33

36 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; karelikelgetasnigkargp½yetas karelikelgetas nigkargp½yetas mancritxus Kña. karelikelgetasbak;b½n etanwgkarlubbm)at;nigkar bmepøcnuvetaskm~edltamg]rkidækmµnigtnðkmµrtúvtukca nirakrn_. pþúymkvij kargp½yetasrkan;etrtúvtukkar dak;tnðkmµdl;btelµismyygenøisin. «CaTUeTAkarelIk ElgeTasRtÚv)aneRbIcMeBaH]RkidækmµRbqaMgnwgGFibetyü PaBrbs;rdæ GMeBIk,t;Cati GMeBIbHe)ar ]TÞamkmµ nig cmebahetaskarn_neya)aykargt;eganetasedlrtúv )anekyl;famanpabskþisit isrmab;suxmalpab safarn³cacagkarykmkkat;etas nigkardak;tnðkm~ >>>kargp½yetaseliketas[karrbrbwtþbtelµisedlb:h Bal;dl;snþiPaBrbs;rdæ. ekalbmngd¾cm,grbs;karelikelgetaskwedim,i sßabnaeligvijnuvsnþab;fñab;épþkñúg. karelikelg etaskwca]tahrn_d¾mansarrbeyacn_srmab;gñkrdæ)al Bn nakar niggñkcrcaneya)ayerbahvapþl;nuvbec kets myykñúgkarrkb;rkgépþkñúgnigganupabneya)ay. Rbsin ebiggásmaciksmxan;²énpakimçagrbemilexijfa lt pl cugerkaymyyecjbikic RBmeRBógsnþiPaBCakarvinicä½ykþI GMBIskmµPaBEdlBYkxøÜneFVIeLIgenAkñúgxN³manCemøaHenaH RbEhlCaGñkTaMgenaHKµanbMNgTmøak;GavuFecaleLIy. karelikelgetasgnubaøat[gtitbykcihcan;kabsgát;xag eyafagacculmkrymrs;enakñúgsgámcativij)an. kar pøas;bþúrrebobenhrtúv)ancmrujedaysµartiénmarta6 5 énsarbenßmti2éngnusbaøatirkúghswenvedlecgfa³ «>>>cugbba b;énkarrbtusra:ynanagacjafrkan;gmnacrtúv EtxitxMeFVIy:agNapþl;nUvkarelIkElgeTas[)anTUlay etatamlt PaBEdlGaceFVI)andl;CnTaMgLayEdl)an RbLÚkenAkñúgCemøaHRbdab;GavuF b dl;cnedl)an)at;nuv esripabrbs;xøün edayehtufamancab;bak;b½n nwgcemøah Rbdab;GavuFedayRtÚveKXuM b Xat;xøÜn. krnienhmingac Gnuvtþ)ancMeBaHCnkMNaceXareXArMelaPsiT imnuss eliy. karelikelgetasmansarsmxan;nas;cmebahsnþab; Fñab;saFarN³. karefvi[brac½yepñkeyafarbs;rbbmun varsülcagkarefvi[kgkmøamgsnþisuxtmøak;gavufcuhcaj;. lkçxnðénkarelikelgetask¾gacnam[mankarrmelap bmbanetaéf GnaKtEdr ehiykarn_enhnwgnametadl;pab RcbUkRcbl;enAkñúgsgÁmkan;EtxøaMgEfmeTot. Cnrg erkahrbehlcaenaxøacregg. sum,ietkñúgkal³ets³ Edlfa CnrgeRKaHRtÚv)anFanapþl;nUvGnaKtmYyEdl KµanGMeBIhigSa k¾gñkedlrs;ranmancivittamggs;enah RbEhlCaTamTarkan;EteRcInCagkarvilRtLb;eTArk snþab;fñab;safarn³etaetot ebalkwcnrgerkahgac TamTakarsgswk b cgeborcmnysvij. karxkxankñúgkarpþl;nuvkarsgswk b cgeborbgðaj fa kartmøaypabrycetasdl;rbbmunedl)anrbrbwtþmin GaceTArYceT. ehtuducenh karelikelgetasrbehlca mingacrtrtg;nuvkþisgçwmfa manrbsit ipabktiyutþenakñúg citþéncnrmelapbmbandét²etotet. mü:agvijetot PaB pþac;kar)anpþac;civitneya)ay. kñúgxn³ebledlman kartmøak;ecjbigmnac karebgeckneya)ay nigkar EbkExJkmenaKmviC aekiteligmuneblmankarb gáab. karelikelgetasefvi[mankarpøas;bþúrxagneya)ayy:ag 34 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

37 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; rh½s b:uenþkrmnwgefvi[manpøúvkñúgkarrs;enaedaykµanhigsa Nas;. fµi²enhrbetsgaemriklatinmyycmnyn)angnum½tc,ab; CaeRcInEdlpþl;karelIkElgeTasdl;kmøaMgsnþisuxnig eyafaedlrtúv)anecatrbkan;bibtbak;b½n etanwgkar rmelapsit imnuss. kñúgkrniercinetotc,ab;tamggs;enh )ankarbarbykeyafa[rycbikarkat;etasxagrbhµtnðnig rdæb,evnietahbicaxøün)anrmelapsit imnussy:agf n;f rk¾ eday. kñúgkrnimyycmnynetot GgÁkarGnþrCatinanaEdl TTYlxusRtÚvkic karrtütbinitükargnuvtþrbs;rdæ[rsbeta nwgkatbvkic sit isbaøa)anep ketaelikarts Umtirbs;xøÜn RbqaMgnwgc,ab;elIkElgeTasTaMgenH. ]TahrN_kar RbqaMgnwgkarelIkElgeTasenARbeTsGahSg;TIn EGlsavv:aD½r s UrINam nig G Ur:aháay RtÚv)andak;esñICUn GgÁkarGnþrGaemrikTTYlbnÞúksiT imnussénggákarrdænana enativbgaemrik. bbaðatamgenhsßitenaelikarfanafa katbvkic Edl EcgkñúgsiT isbaøasit imnussmyycmnynedim,iykmkkat;etas nuvkarrmelapbmban KWminRtÚveKRbmafemIlgayeT erbah enhkwcavifanénbtdæandac;xat Jus Cogens. mann½yfa RtÚvRbtibtþisiT iminrbmaf. kalbiqñam1985 GñkcgRkg ÉksarBiessrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatimñak;)anelIk eligfa karelikelgetasminkyrrtúvpþl;[cntamglayna EdlmaneTas]RkidæRbqaMgnwgmnusSCatieT. karelik eligebbenhrtúv)anekkamrtedayesckþirbkasnigesckþi sermcrbs;ggákarshrbcacatisþigmbiekalkarn_ muldæanbirényutþifm srmab;cnrgerkaheday]rkidækmµ nigkarrmelapgmnac. eglihsaeb t v:an;sáak; smmitþ egog sari mcämnðléksarkm<úca 35

38 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; karpswkrbhsgç³ ]RkidækmµénkareFVITukçbukemñjelIsasna enaeblexµrrkhmculmkkan;gmnacenaexemsa qñam 1975 RbCaCnkm< úcapakercin)anekarbrbtibtþ isasna epsg²edlmankarerobcmrtwmrtúv. k¾b:uenþ karbegáitelig nuvrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyürbmcamyynwgkargaketark «qñamsunü )annam[mankarkat;bnßydl;krmittabbmputnuv esripabkñúgkarekarbrbtibtþisasna. cmebahrbvtþivitunig GñkEdlenArs;ranmanCIvitBIrbb b:ul Bt yl;fa vaca karc,as;kµangv IKYr[sgS½yeTfa bkskumµ úynisþkm<úcabitca )anefvitukçbukemñjelisasnaemnenagmlúgqñam k¾b:uenþ edim,irk[exijfa emdwknamkm<úcarbca- FibetyümankarTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaH]RkidækmµeFVITukçbukemñj elisasna trmúv[manlkçxnðktiyutþcak;lak;myy cmnyn. GtßbTenHbgðajFatupSMmYycMnYnén]RkidækmµeFVITukç bukemñjelisasna BiPakSaelIPaBmann½yminR)akdRbCa CuMvijbTelµIsnigelIkCUnCasegçbnUvP½sþútagmYycMnYnEdl manrsab;kñúgkarbgðaj[exijfa emdwknambkskumµúynisþ km<úcabitcarbrbwtþbtelµisenhemn. c,ab;sþigmbikarbegáit[manggácmnumcrmhvisambaøkñúg tulakarkm<úcaedim,ikat;esckþi]rkidækmµedlrbrbwtþeligena kñúgry³kalénkm<úcarbcafibetyü EdlehAenATIenHfa «c,ab;kat;etasexµrrkhm EdlLayRBHhsþelxaeday semþcrbhneratþsihnu RBHmhakSRténRBHraCaNacRk km<úca enaexsiha qñam2001 )anecgnuvbbaøtþimyycmnyn EdlTMngCaedIm,IRKb;RKgtulakarExµrRkhmEtmþg. ena erkamc,ab;kat;etasexµrrkhm karefvitukçbukemñjeli sasnakwcabt]rkidæmyykñúgcmenambt]rkidætamg8edl sßitkñúgsmtßkic rbs;tulakarexµrrkhmkñúgenahrymman 36 TaruNkmµ karrbl½ybucsasn_ ]Rkidækmµs gáam ]Rkidækmµ RbqaMgnwgmnusSCati karbmpøicbmpøajrtbüsm,tþivb,fm nig karrmelapetaelignusbaøatirkúgvieynqñam1961sþigmbi TMnak;TMngkarTUt. c,ab;kat;etasexµrrkhmykniymn½ykarefvitukçbukemñjecjbimarta209nig210énrkm RBhµTNÐkm<úCaEdlhamR)ambTelµIsRbqaMgnwgCIvitb bukálcasgç etahbicaenakñúgeblkmbugfvaybgámsumsilkþib edaysarkarekarbrbtibtþikþi. GMeBItRmÚv[man³ RkúmEdlRtÚvkarBaredayc,ab; duccabt]rkidæepsg²etotedr karefvitukçbukemñjeli sasnamanfatupsmcaekalcmnynbirkw trmúvkar[mangmebi ekitelig nig trmúvkar[manectna. RkmRBhµTNÐkm<úCa qñam1956ecgy:agceg óttamtrmg;c,ab;tak;tgnwgtrmúv kar[mangmebiekitelig. c,ab;enhhamr)ammin[rbrbwtþ btelµistamglaynamkelicivit b bukáledlcasgç. k¾b:uenþ marta3énc,ab;kat;etasexµrrkhmmandak;bba Úl marta209 nig210 «karvayrbharelisasna Edl Ca]RkidækmµmYyRbePTEdlRtÚv)anBRgIkkan;EtTUlaycUl mcämnðléksarkm<úca

39 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; etakñúgc,ab;gnþrcaticagenakñúgc,ab;km<úca. ehtuducenh c,ab;kat;etasexµrrkhmefvi[trmg;]rkidækmµenhkan;et TUlMTUlayCagenAkñúgRkmRBhµTNÐqñaM1956eTAeTot. CakarKYr[egOgq l;kwfarkmrbhµtnðqñam1956 karbaretrbhsgçedlekarbrbtibtþisasna «EdlTTYl sáal;edayrdæapi)alkm<úca bba ak;enakñúggtßbtedim. enakñúgrdæfmµnubaøqñam1947nig1972 etahbicarbhbut - sasnartúv)anrbkascapøúvkarfacasasnarbs;rdæk¾ eday k¾esripabkñúgkarekarbrbtibtþisasnatuetartúv)an Fanay:agTUlMTUlayEdr. etahbicay:agnak¾eday kmnt; smáal;enakñúgrkmrbhµtnðqñam1956sresrfa manet RBHsgÇkan;RBHBuT sasnaetedlrtúv)ankarbarmin[man karefvitukçbukemñjerkammarta209 nigmarta210. cmebahbtelµisrbqamgnwgbbvciténsasnaepsg²etot c,ab;enhr)ab;gñkgan[etaemilmarta495nigtmb½rbnþ bnþab;etot rymman]rkidækmµedlmanedngnuvtþtueta CaGaT duccamnussxatnigtarunkmµcaedim. karminrab;bba ÚlRkúmsasnaEdlCaCnCatiPaKtic ducca\søamsasnik nig RKisþsasnikenAkñ úgrkmrbhµtnð qñam1956efvi[mancemøahrbehagetakñúgc,ab;kat;etas ExµrRkhm. KitRtwmqñaM1975 c,ab;gnþrcatitak;tgnwg RbFanbTenH k¾mintan;manlkçn³c,as;las;enaeliyedr. KµanGnusBaØaNamYyedIm,InwghamR)amkarerIseGIgsasna et Tal;Etdl;qñaM1981eTIbmhasnñi)atGgÁkarsh- RbCaCatiGnum½tesckþ IseRmc GARes.36/55. esckþ IseRmc enhminemncaesckþirbkassrmab;kargnuvtþrymsþigmbikar lubbm)at;pabminechgt;nnigkarerisegigedaysar sasna b CMenORKb;rUbPaBenaHeT. TLðIkrN_l CageKkñúgkarbBa ÚlbuKÁleRkABIRBHsgÇ RBHBuT sasnaenakñúgc,ab;exµrrkhm KWsßitenAelIkarviPaK etaelic,ab;tmøab;gnþrcati. FmµnuBaØGgÁkarshRbCaCati esckþirbkascasaklsþigmbisit imnuss nig ktikasbaøa GnþrCatisþIGMBIsiT iblrdænigsit ineya)ay hamr)ammin[ mankarerisegigsasnaedayeliktmál;esripabxagcmeno sasnacasit imnussd¾fm. GñksikSaCan;x<s;CaeRcInyl; Rsbfa karefvitukbukemñjelisasna BitCarMelaPelI c,ab;gnþrcatitamgbimunsm½yexµrrkhmmkemø:h. Ep ktam TLðIkrN_enH esckþirbkascasaklrbs;ggákarsh- RbCaCatienAqñaM1981 RKan;Etcab;epþImsaCafµInUvFmµniymCaTmøab;EdlmantaMgBImunmk RbqaMgnwgkareFVITukç bukemñjelisasna. mann½yfa etahbicac,ab;km<úcakarbaretrbhsgç kan;rbhbut sasna[cakputbikarefvitukbukemñjelisasna KitRtwmqñaM1975y:agNak¾eday k¾enamantlðikrn_d¾mam myyelikeligfa c,ab;tmøab;gnþrcatihamr)ammin[man karerisegigsasnatamtrmg;epsg²edlefvieligeday bkskumµúynisþkm<úca. RBHraCGaCJaRbEhlCanwgTaj ehtuplebbenhkñúgtulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm. k¾b:uenþkarttylykrbs;tulakary:agna²enahmintan;man lkçn³r)akdrbcaenaeliyet. enakñúggmlúgqñam tamgc,ab;km<úcatamgc,ab;gnþrcati BitCaKµanlkçN³ c,as;las;etkñúgkarfanafa RKb;TRmg;énkareFVITukçbukemñj elisasnartúv)anhamr)am. GMeBItRmÚv[man³ niymn½yénkarefvitukçbukemñjeli sasna GMeBI«eFVITukçbukemñjelIsasna mintan;manniymn½y Cak;lak;NamYyenAeLIyeT tamc,ab;gnþrcati b:uenþbakü enhekþabgmebiefvi)abrab;cab;bikarbm)at;rhutdl;karbdiesf min[ttylsit icablrdæ. ]TahrN_tulakarnUrimb Wk[ niymn½yetaeli«karefvitukbukemñjelisasna farymman karcab;xøün karxumxøün karvaydm TaruNkmµ karrwbgus RTBüsm,tþi karnirets karbgçm[efviblkmµ karbdiesfmin RBmpþl;siT irbkbgacib nigerobkaredayesri b min[bnþ karsiksa nig karsmøab;. sþiv r:an;n½r nig ecsin GaR)am mcämnðléksarkm<úca 37

40 i GHGagfa karefvitukçbukemñjelisasnarbehlcarym bba ÚlGMeBIepSgBIenHeTot duccakarbmpø icbmpøajrtbüsm,tþ ÉkCn nig karbitrkwhsßansasna. kar[niymn½ytamc,ab;gnþrcatietaelibakü «efvitukbukemñjelisasna RbEhlCapþl;nUvkarbgðajpøÚv d¾l bmputetaelirebobkñúgkarkmnt;«btelµis RbqaMgnwg CIvitRBHsgÇ b CIvitbuKÁl. b:uenþtulakarexµrrkhmnwgman GanuPaBxøaMgkñúgkarbkRsayc,ab;Tak;TgnwgGMeBIEdl trmúv[mancmebahkarefvitukçbukemñjelisasna BIeRBaH TaMgc,ab;GnþrCatinigkrNIyutþisa sþenakñúgtulakarkñúg Rsuk pþl;nuvkarennamy:agmamtamgmbitrmúykñúgkarganc,ab; TaMgGs;enH. Ep ketaelikarkitetatampøúvc,ab;vij TMhMénGMeBIEdl trmúv[manedim,i[køayetacakarefvitukbukemñjelisasna KWBitCamansarsMxan;BiessxøaMgNas;. edim,iqandl; esckþisermcrbkbedayyutþifm tulakarexµrrkhmrtúv EtGnuelamtameKalkarN_c,ab;EdlesÞIrEtkøayCa ekalkarn_sakletaehiyenah ebalkwekalkarn_ «nullem criman sine lege Edlmann½yfa bukáltamglay mingacrtúvkat;[cab;etasbibtelµisnamyyedlminemn CabTelµIsenAeBlRbRBwtþ)aneLIy. duecñh kar[niym n½yminc,as;las;etaelibtelµisgacrmelapetaelisit i rbs;cugecatexµrrkhm. pþúymkvij kar[niymn½yceg ótcg l;ebknam[ brac½ykñúgkarpþl;nuvyutþifm srmab;cnrgerkahénrbb km<úcarbcafibetyü. eyagtamdmenirerogrbvtþisa sþ nigéksaredlmanrsab;exijfa fñak;dwknamnigkmµapi)al bkskumµúynisþkm<úca)anrbrbwtþgmebirbtusr:ayrbqamgnwg bbvcitkan;rbhbut sasna b:uenþgñktamgenahk¾)anefvitukç bukemñjelibbvcitminkan;rbhbut sasnaedr ducca\søam sasniknigrkisþsasnikkñúggmlúgqñam1975dl;qñam RbCaBlrdækm<úCaRtÚv)aneFVIXat cab;dak;kuk 38 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; [efvikartamgbgçitbgçmnigminttyl)annuvsit iblrdæ nig esripab. TegVIEbbenHKWCaEpñkmYyényuT nakarrbs; rbb b:ul Bt kñúgkarlubbm)at;sasna. RbsinebItulakarExµrRkhm[niymn½yceg ót b kmnt;fa c,ab;kat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmkarbarrtwmet bbvcitkan;rbhbut sasna enahkarrmelapbmbanedaymulehtu sasnarbs;rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyügacnwgculkñúgbt elµisrbeptepsgbienhetot duccagmebirbl½ybucsasn_ b ]RkidækmµRbqaMgmnusSCatiCaedIm. k¾b:uenþ karefvitukç bukemñjmyycmnynminculcabtelµisepsg²etoteday ebjeljet ehiyedaysarkar[niymn½yceg ótetot enah karrmelapbmbanxøhgacnwgminttylkarpþnþaetaseliy. tulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmnwgmangmnacsmxan; Nas;kñúgkarbkRsayTMhMénEdnsmtßkic rbs;xøün ehiybtelµisnanaedlsßitenaerkaednsmtßkic enahnwg RtÚvkat;esckþIenAkEnøgepSgeTot RbsinebIman. ectnaedltrmúv[man benßmbieligmebiedltrmúv[manducedlbipaksaxag elienh ]RkidækmµénkareFVITukçbukemñjelIsasnatRmÚvfa cugecat)anefvitukçbukemñjmkelicnrgerkahedayectna edayehtuplekarbrbtibtþisasna b CMenOsasna. GtßbTc,ab;énRkmRBhµTNÐqñaM1956Ecgfa ectnakñúg krmitbtdæantueta cam)ac;rtúvetman. enaebledlgmebi ekiteligenakñúgeblbbvcitfvaybgámsumsil GMeBIenaHKWRtÚv EteFVIeLIgedaykareRKagTukCamun mann½yfa cugecat BitCa)andwgfaCnelµIskMBugEtvayRbharmkelIRBHsgÇ enaeblfvaybgámsumsil. enaebledlkarefvitukçbukemñj elisasnaekiteligerkargvg;énkarekarbrbtibtþisasna rbs;rbhsgç eyig RtÚvbgðajfa cugecatbitca)anefvi TukçbukemñjmkelICnrgeRKaHedaymUlehtueKarBRbtibtþi sasna. kñ úgkrniedltulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm TTYlyknUvniymn½yTUlayCagenHcMeBaHbT]RkidæenH mcämnðléksarkm<úca

41 I EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; trmúvkarectnadedlenhkwtmngcaykcasmgag)ansrmab; CnrgeRKaHeRkABIbBVCitkan;RBHBuT sasna. bgðaj[exijfacakarefvitukçbukemñjelisasna edim,ibgðajfa GtItemdwknaMbkSkumµúynisþkm<úCaman etasbibtefv ITukçbukemñjelIsasna cam)ac;rtúvmanp½sþ útag TaMgkarRbRBwtþ GMeBI nigectna. jtþirbs;gñkenars; nig GtßbTsmÖasn_CaeRcInRbmUl)anBIkEnøgnanaenATUTaMg RbeTskm<úCa bba ak;fa karekarbrbtibtþisasnarbhbut nig\søam RtÚv)anhamXat; viharrtúv)ankemþc ehiy elaksgçrtúv)anpswk b ebiminduecñahet RtÚv)anrMelaP bmban. Éksarrbs;tulakarRbCaCnbdivtþn_Edlkat; etas b:ul Bt nig egog sari bgðajbidmenirerogrbs; CnrgeRKaHEdlenArs;CaeRcInEdl)anmkBIRbPBepSg² ebietahbicabbaðaénpablem ógepñkneya)ayefvi[xucdl; témøp½sþ útagrbs;xø Ünk¾eday. srubmk KMrUP½sþ útagéksar EdlmansBVéf bgðajnuvkarrmelapbmbancaercinkrnirbqamg nwgrbhsgçkan;rbhbut sasnanigshkmn_sasnanana. RbsinebIsnµt;fa tulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµr Rkhmk¾)anKitKUreTAelIkareFVITukçbukemñjelIbuKÁlminkan; RBHBuT sasnaenah RbvtþirUb cemøiysarpab niggtßbtkic smöasn_nanaedlmanrsab;erobrab;bikarefvitukçbukemñj BIsMNak;bkSkumµúynisþkm<úCamkelIsasnik\søam. ]TahrN_ GtßbTkic smöasn_pþl;nuvp½sþútagbgðajfaenaqñam 1976 bkskumµúynisþkm<úca)anhamr)ammin[tm)ay nigmin[smyuamg. GtßbTkic smöasn_ jtþi nigéksar nanabnsl;tukedaytulakarqñam1979edlmankarcrmúg crmas;k¾pþúketaedayp½sþútagbgðajbineya)ayrbs;bks kumµúynisþkm<úcaenaextþkmbg;cam nigkenøgepsg²etot ebalkwkarbgçm[cncaticambriepaksac;rcúk ciba wmrcúk nig[ykrkdaskm<irkurganefvicarkdasbgán;. etahbicabbvcitkan;rbhbut sasna nig Rkúmsasna epsg²etotrtúv)anefv ITukçbukemñjy:agRbtükSenAkñ úgsm½y km<úcarbcafibetyüy:agnak¾eday vaenaetcakarcam)ac; kñúgkarbgðaj[exijfakarrmelapbmbanedlelikeligxag elirtúv)anefvieligedaymulehtusasna. manp½sþ útag bba ak;fa emdwknamkmbul²manectnacg;efvitukçbukemñjeli Rkúmsasna CaBiessbBVCitkan;RBHBuT sasna. marta 20énrdæFmµnuBaØkm<úCaRbCaFibetyüqñaM1975Ecgfa «>>>mingnubaøat[mansasnarbtikiriyaedlbmpøajkm< úcarb CaFibetyü nigrbcacnkm<úcadac;xat. «sasna Rbtikiriya minrtúv)an[niymn½yc,as;las;et b:uenþ P½sþútageRkay²mkbBa ak;fa RBHBuT sana \søamsasna nig RKisþsasna KWCamuxsBaØa. GtßbTkic smöasn_rbs;elak Eb n exornin CamYy GtItkmµaPi)alkm<úCaRbCaFibetyümYycMnYndUcCa ehg smrin/ sin sug nig KuN qay bba ak;fa enakñ úgmhasnñ i)at bkskñ úgex]spa qñam1975 emdwknamkmbulénbkskumµ úynisþ km< úca)anbba a[kuneca «e)assm at b «pswk b «smøab; RBHsgÇ. eyagtamsmþirbs; ehg smrin )an[dwgfa b:ul Bt nig nyn Ca k¾)anniyayfa RBHsgÇKWCa «vnñ³ Biess CavNѳd¾sMxan;kñúgkarRbyuT. b:ul Bt nig nyn Ca TTUcElg[manRBHsgÇ nig vifirbébnisasnaepsg² nig min[manvtþgaramehiygñktamgbir)anefv Ikarsrubesckþ enakñúgesckþiennamnanaedlmann½yfa «Elg[man sasnaetotehiy. qñambnþab;mk enartg;cmnucti6 énesckþisermcqñam1976 mcäimbksénbkskumµúynisþ km<úca)anecjbba a[ «kgkmøamgrbdab;gavufkemþc vihar katulik. P½sþútagEdlelIkmkBiPakSaxagelIenHbgðajnUv ectnay:agrbtütsrbs;emdwknammcäiménbkskumµúnisþkm<úca kñúgkarefvitukçbukemñjelirbhsgçkan;rbhbut sasna nig RkúmsasnaepSg²eTot. edaysaretpakercinén kmµapi)aldwknambkskumµúynisþkm<úca)anculrymkñúgmhasnñi)atbksqñam1975rbmcamyynwgkarbitedlfakµan mcämnðléksarkm<úca 39

42 P½sþútagbBa ak;fa fñak;dwknamtamgenahmankarexvgeyabl;eta nwgesckþiennamrbs;bkskumµúynisþkm<úcaet. RBHraCGaCJa munebltulakarekiteligkyretgacbgðaj[exijfapak ercin ehiyrbehlcatamggs;pgk¾mindwg énfñak;dwknam bkskumµúnisþkm<úcabitca)anbmebjnuvtrmúvkarectnabibt efvitukçbukemñjelisasna. sum,ietgñkedlmin)anbba a edaypþal;[rbrbwtþ]rkidækmµénkarefvitukbukemñjeli sasnak¾eday k¾tmngcartúvttylxusrtúvtamc,ab;énkar TTYlxusRtÚvCaExSsgVak;bBa abibt)andwggmbiesckþiennam rbs;bksnigkargnuvtþcak;esþg ehiymin)ancat;vifankar Tb;sáat;. esckþ Isnñ idæan tamry³p½sþútagedlmanrsab; RBHraCGaCJaTaMg LayKYrEtGacbegáItnUvkrNIbTelµIsrbs;GtItemdwknaM bkskumµúynisþkm<úcabibtefvitukçbukemñjelisasnakñúggmlúg qñam1975dl;1979. k¾b:uenþducedlgtßbtenh)an elikeligrtüs²ehiyfa TMhMénbT]RkidædUcEdl)anEcg enakñúgc,ab;kat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmkwrbkbedaykar mnþilsgs½yxøamgnas;. karrmelapbmbanetaelibbvcit kan;rbhbut sasna R)akdCanwgRtÚvvinicä ½y)an b: uenþlkçn³ énkarrmelapbmbanenahvagars½yedaykar[niymn½y rbs;tulakarexµrrkhmpþal;etmþgfa etigmebigvixøhedlcul kñúgbt «efvitukçbukemñjelisasna. karkat;[cab;etasbi btefv ITukçbukemñjelIbuKÁlminEmnCaBuT sanik ducca\søam sasnik RKisþsasnik nig bukálcmbukepsgetotnwgbwgep k y:agxøamgetaelikarbkrsayc,ab;bismnak;ecarkmetaeli RkmRBhµTNÐqñaM1956 nigc,ab;tmøab;gnþrcati. kar snñidæantamgenhkwcg;bgðajfa karcmnumcrmhkþigtitemdwknam km<úcarbcafibetyünwgminrtwmetgars½yetaeliggáehtu EdlmankarRbTak;RbTgCMBak;vak;vinKñab:ueNÑaHeTEtEfm TaMgkaredaHRsaybBaðasµúKsµajénGgÁc,ab;eTotpg. cn qrqigari 40 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; mcämnðléksarkm<úca

43 EsVgrkkarBit-Epñkc,ab; vtþekahkr enaextþtaekv mcämnðléksarkm<úca 41

44 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ mhagmnacekøgb knigtulakarexµrrkhm b:unµanqñamknøgetaenh PaKeRcInénRbB½n psbvpsayedl elikeliggmbitulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm)anepþat etaelikarcrcarvagggákarshrbcacatinigrdæapi)al km<úca. karepþatkarykcitþtukdak;etaelim nþiggákar shrbcacatiminemncakarkyr[pjak;ep IleT edayehtufa m nþitamgenahpakercincagñkføab;)anculrymcalkçn³ GnþrCatienAkñúgdMeNIrkarbegáIttulakar. k¾b:uenþggátut rbs;ggákarshrbcacatikwrkan;etcatmnagcyrmuxrbs;rdæ karknþalgnþrcatiedlttylrg\t ibld¾f n;bismnak;mha GMNac. GtßbTenHcg;elIkeLIgGMBItYnaTIrbs;rdæCasmaCik EdlmanGMNacbMputehIyEdlRtÚv)aneRbIR)as;kñúgkar CMruj nigykecigratwkmin[dmenikarbegáittulakareq<ah etamux. kariyal½yttylbnþúkepñkc,ab; énggákarshrbcacatinigrbmux dwknambc úb,nñ elak ehn kuer:l minemnrtwmetcaqñan;rbs;mha GMNacb:ueNÑaHeT b:uenþbukáliklkçn³nigrbb½n rbs;ggákar shrbcacatiman\t ibly:agc,as;rkeltetaelidmenirkar crcacamyyrdæapi)alkm<úcaetotpg KWminxusGMBIGVIEdlCa neya)aykariyal½yniym enakñúgggákarshrbcacati enahet. b:uenþetahcamankariyal½yniymy:agenhk¾eday k¾tmnagcrcarbs;ggákarshrbcacatiminedldmenirkar edaykµanbicarnagmbiplrbeyacn_rbs;mhagmnac)an Edr. Cak;EsþgkñúgkrNIkm<úCa EdlCaTIsRmab;karRbkYt RbECgyuT sa sþneya)aynigmenakmvic aenah neya)ay 42 rbs;mhagmnac)anbnsl;tuknuvsøaksñamrbvtþisa sþ c,as;bmputenaelineya)ayrbs;ggákarshrbcacati. PaBTal;Rckedaysars gáamrtcak;enatsvtsr_ti80 )anbba b;etaedayevotnamdkkgkmøamgrbdab;gavuf nigmankic RBmeRBógTIRkúg)arIsk¾BitEmn b: uenþneya)ay bc úb,nñcumvijbbaðatulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm bgðajfa km<úcaenaetcakmµvtßúrbs;rdæcasmacikd¾man GMNacRkasX~wkenAelIBiPBelakdEdl. cab;tamgbisuevotdkxøünfybi\nðúcinenacugtsvtsr_ti 80mk tyékedlmangmnacbmputxageyafanigneya- )ayenadiekakgasui-gaekñy_ KWRbeTscin nig shrdæ Gaemrik. enakñúggantþitibirrbs;rdækarelakrbfanafibti b IlkøIntun rdæapi)alshrdægaemrik)ancmrujy:agxøamgkøa etahbicamin)ancmruj[gs;tmhwgk¾eday [mantulakar kat;etasexµrrkhm kñúgxn³edlrbetscinrbqamgy:ag dac;ghgáarnuvkarcmnmucrmhkþigtitemdwknambkskumµúynisþ km<úca. tulakarexµrrkhmedlesñieligenh )ankøayeta CamuxsBaØamYykñúgcMeNammuxsBaØaCaeRcInepSgeTotEdl TIRkúgeb:kaMgnigTIRkúgv:asuInetan RkajnenolelIbBaða GFibetyüCatinigsiT imnuss. erkamkardwknamrbs;rdækar RbFanaFibtI b Us CaBiesscab;taMgBIkarvayRbharenA éf TI11 ExkBaØaenaHmk karkamrtrbs;shrdægaemrik cmebahbbaðatulakarexµrrkhm)anfmfycuh. cmenké safarnrdærbcamanitcinenaetcmtas;y:agdac;ghgáar dedl. edayrbetsd¾fmbmputenaelibipbelakrbqamgnwg tulakar ehiyrbetsmangmnacbmputminsuvcaykcitþtuk mcämnðléksarkm<úca

45 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ dak;enah karvinicä½yetasedlkyr[tukcitþ)anetaeliemdwknam bkskumµ únisþkm< úcakwbitcafycuhy:agrbtüksedr. karcmtas;rbs;rbetscin RbeTscinknøgmkk¾dUcCabc úb,nñ enaetniyaycmtas;edaycmh minttylyktulakarmyyedl erobcmcat;ecg b RKb;RKgeday GnþrCatisRmab;kat;eTasGtItemdwknaMExµrRkhm. kar RbqaMgCMTas;rbs;RbeTscin KWmanlkçN³c,as;las; ehiyrtg;²etmþg edaysmgagfa tulakaredlerobcm eligedaygnþrcatinwgrmelapeligfibetyücatirbs; RbeTskm< úca. GacmanehtuplmYycMnYnEdleFVI[RbeTs cinrbqamgcmtas;nwgtulakargnþrcatienh. TImYy karkamrt y:agditdl;rbs;cincmebahbkskumµúynisþkm<úcaenagmlúg qñam efvi[]rkidækmµedlrbrbwtþeligeday ExµrRkhmmanlkçN³b:HBal;xøaMgkøadl;TIRkúgeb:kaMg. karcmnumcrmhetasemdwknambkskumµúynisþkm<úca swget c,as;fa CakarebIkkkayeLIgvijnUvkarBiPakSaGMBItYnaTI rbs;cinkñúgkarcyytmnukbmrugdl;exµrrkhmnigefvi[cin segáórrn RtecokedaysarkarriHKn;BIsMNak;GnþrCati etotpg. TIBIreTot tulakargnþrcatic,as;catak;tajkarykcitþ Tukdak;eTAelIliT iema:niym nigkumµúynisþniymenacmnan; b:ul Bt. karcmnumcrmhkþienhgacpþl;kasdl;mha GMNacelakxaglic niggñkrbqamgcacnkumµúynisþ vay RbhareTAelImenaKmviC akumµúynisþnigkmramdl;kitüanupab menakmn_vic arbs;fñak;dwknambkskumµúynisþcinenatirkúg eb:kamg. cmnucrsbkñamyycmnynrvag mhaelatepøah «mhags arü rbs;em:a ebalkwbdivtþn_vb,fm qñam nig Epnkar qñamsunü rbs;ggákarex~rrkhm KWBit «CasMxan;EdlGñksegátkarN_TaMgkñúgnigeRkARbeTsmin Gac[rMlg)an. muldæantibiedlefvi[cincmtas;dl;tulakarenahkwfa tulakarerkamkarcat;ecgrbs;gnþrcati nigcabiesselak xaglic nwgbgðaj[exijbikarghgaggmbiekalkarn_fa karrmelapsit imnusscynkalcakarbgðajnuvehtuplrbs; RbeTsGñkmansþúksþmÖkñúgkarrMelaPeTAelI«EdnGFibetyüPaB rbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæ. CemøaHEdlekIteLIg sacafµirvagcinnigshrdægaemrikrbmtamgrbetsepsg² etottak;tgnwgsit imnusscacmnucd¾smxan;tak;tindl;bbaða xageli CaBiessenAeBlEdltulakarExµrRkhmGacnwg ecjrubrageligenaek,rrbetscin KWTVIbGasuI-GaeKñy_. TIRkúgeb:kaMgFøab;)anyl;fa erogsit imnusselakxaglic manpabesþigrehor b esir²cmebahneya)ayf~i nigmin em óg ehiytirkúgeb:kamgmanmnþ ilsgs½yetaelidmenirkar EdlCakarcg úlbgðajgmbipabgayttylrgnuvkarrihkn;eli bbaðasit imnuss. cmnuccugerkaymyyetotkwfa KMnitbegáIttulakar kat;etasexµrrkhmcalkçn³gnþrcatiedlman\t ibl y:agxøamgbielakxaglicefvi[xatbg;cmebahtulüpabgmnac katutrbs;cinenaeliedndigasui-gaekñy_. TIRkúgeb:kaMg cat;tukdiekakenagasui-gaekñy_facatmbn;edlsßitena erkam\t iblrbs;xøüncarbébniyurlg;nas;mkehiy ehiyyl;exijfa GMNacd¾xøaMgkøarbs;elakxaglicenA kñúgtmbn;enhkwca GnutþrPaB b Rbmafdl;bMNgd¾Rsbc,ab; «rbs;xøünmkelitmbn;enh. CagenHeTAeTot TIRkúgeb:kaMg sgs½yfa karculrymrbs;elakxaglictamrubpabeyafa esdækic nigkartutenakñúgtmbn;enhbegáit)ancayut sa sþfµi myyedldwknamedayshrdægaemrikerkaybis gáamrtcak; RtÚv)anbBa b;edim,irksanuvkarrkbdnþb;rbs;gaemriketa elipøúvsmurtgasui-gaekñy_d¾smxan; pþl;kérmercinnigca yut sa sþesdækic. karbegáittulakarexµrrkhmedl dwknamedayelakxaglicnwgkøaycasbaøabba ak;bikarbnþ PaBsMxan;rbs;GaemrikenAkñúgtMbn;EdleK[témøxagyuT - mcämnðléksarkm<úca 43

46 sa sþnigesdækic EdlcinmanGarmµN_fa Carbs;xøÜnebIKit BIRbvtþisa sþ vb,fm nig PUmisa sþ. karsþak;esþirrbs;shrdægaemrik tynatirbs;shrdægaemrikenakñúg karcrcabegáittulakarkan;et manlkçn³minr)akdcalmdab; edaysaretkmnitenatirkúg v:asuinetanmanlkçn³xuskñarslhbikmnitedlsemþg ecjenatirkúgeb:kamg. CaGnþrCati rdæapi)alshrdæ Gaemrik)anKaMRT\tgakercMeBaHkarbegáIttulakarmYy erkamkarrtütbinitüditdl;rbs;gnþrcati. k¾b:uenþtirkúg v:asuinetankµanectnacg;beba jkmøamgkartutebjtmhwg rbs;xøünrbqamgnwgtirkúgpñmebj[nammknuvtulakargnþrcati b tulakarcrmúhedaymankarfana[manepøpáaedlgacttyl yk)ancalkçn³gnþrcatieliy. RbsinebIniyayfa RbeTscin)aneFVImin[seRmc )annuvkarbegáittulakartamkarrbqamgcmtas;rbs;xøünenah k¾gacniyay)anedrfa shrdægaemrik)anraramgdmenirkar kan;etxøamgcagrbetscintamry³karkamrtminrkb;rkan; b PaBGskm~. enakñ úgxn³edlfñak;dwknamneya)ay skmµ- CnnigGñke)aHeqñatKaMRTdl;karbegáIttulakarCalkçN³ GnþrCati TIRkúgv:asuInetandUcCaBMuh ancmrujbbaðaenh[)an xøamgkøa. TegVIenHeFVIeLIgedaymanehtuplCaeRcIn. TI myy duccacing IcwgEdr shrdægaemrikrtúv)anrihkn;y:ag xøamggmbiskmµpabrbs;xøünenakñúgrbetskm<úcacab;epþimbikar KaMRTrbbsarFarNrdæEx~r ln; Nul nigyut nakar Tmøak;RKab;EbkenAqñaM rhUtdl;karbnþ CYyPaKIbdibkçkm<úCaenAkñ úggmlúgtsvtsr_ti80enaebledl rdæapi)alshrdægaemrikkamrtrdæapi)alcrmúhrtipakikm<úca RbCaFibetyüEdlkñúgenaHmanRkúmExµrRkhm. karcmnum CRmHkþIGacTak;Tajkarcab;GarmµN_rbs;GnþrCatieTAelI neya)ays gáamrtcak;rbs;gaemrikenatwkdi\nðúcin 44 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ ehiykarqáwhdme)acas;sm½ys gáamevotnamefvi[em dwknamshrdægaemrikmankarjejitxøamgnas;. GñkKaMRT xagknbkssafarnrdæniymrbs;rdækar nic sun Edl ebikyut nakartmøak;rkab;ebkkñúggmlúgqñam BitCacab;GarmµN_xøaMgNas;fa karn_enhnwgbegáit[man lt PaBqáwHdMe)Acas;enAkm<úCaeLIgvijCak;Caminxan. CagenHeTAeTot emdwknammyycmnynkñúgtirkúgv:asuinetan Kµanectnacg;KaMRTdMeNIrkarNamYyEdlGacs ametanwgpl RbeyaCn_dl;semþcnaykrdæm nþi h un Esn EdlCaKU bdibkçneya)ayrbs;shrdægaemrikenahet. smacik spagaemriknigrdækarrbtibtþicaercinrub sut EtCaTahan ecigcas;føab;rblúks gáamevotnam ehiypakercinén GñkTaMgenaHFøab;)anrs;enAqøgkat;sm½ymYyEdlTIRkúg musáú TIRkúghaNUynigsm<½n mitþkm<úca)anefvicasrtúvsøab; rs;rbs;tirkúgv:asuinetanxagepñkyut sa sþnigmenakm vic a. manemdwknamgaemrikdétetotrbqamgcmtas;nayk rdæm nþi h un Esn edayehtuplepsg²kñaedayelikelig nuvkarecatrbkan;gmbikarrmelapsit imnussnigkarerbigmnac pþac;kar. smacikrbwt spagaemrik ecsui Ehm nig smacikspa danar:ur:a)ax½r EfmTaMg)anesñIeLIgnUv dmenahrsaymyysum[mankarkat;etasnaykrdæm nþi h un Esn BIbT]Rkidækm~s gáamcacagkat;etasemdwknamexµr RkhmEdlmanv½ykan;Etcas;eTAehIyenaH. emdwknamshrdægaemrikdwgxøünetotfa karcmruj[man tulakargnþrcatirtúvetcmnaykartak;tgtampøúvkartut. karrbqamgnwgrbetscin KWCakarxatbg;mYy. TIRkúgv:asuIn etank¾rtúvrbüy)armöpgedrgmbi\t iblénskmµpabrbs;xøün enatamrbetskmbuggpivdænanaedlp½yxøacgaemrikefvi GnþraKmn_. rdækarelakrbfanafibti b Us hak;minsuvman suqnþ³cg;brgikfnfanneya)ayetaelibbaðamyycmnynducca bbaðaexµrrkhmcaedimcab;tamgbimankarvayrbhareprvkmµ enasrtrduvqñam2001knøgmk. kmµvifirbqamgnwgeprvkmµ mcämnðléksarkm<úca

47 I EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ manlkçn³lubelibbaðakartutedlcat;tukmyyelksin. vaminxusgvibikrnis gáamrtcak;kalbitsvtsr_ti80et EdlkalenaH TIRkúgv:asuInetan)an[GaTiPaBeTAelIkar Tak;TajkarKaMRTBIrdæaPi)albreTskñúgkarRbyuT RbqaMg CamYyRkúmCIvBlRCúlniym\søam. ehtuplcugerkaymyyetotkwfafñak;dwknamshrdæ GaemrikEdlbeBa jeyabl;\tsmécenakñúgbbaðabegáit tulakargnþrcati k¾gacmanbbaðapgedrenakñúgsm½ymyy EdlTIRkúgv:asuInetan)ankøayCaGñkTTYlkarriHKn;xøaMgCag ekbg s;enaelibipbelaketaelitulakarrbhµtnðgnþrcati fµi. emdwknamneya)aygaemrikcaercinrubmanlkçxnð CMTas;nanaCamYyGgÁkarshRbCaCati. CaBiessCagenH etaetotemdwknamtamgenhecofa karcmruj[mantulakar GnþrCatiminyUrminqab;nwgeFVI[emdwknaMnigeyaFaGaemrik gayttylrgnuvkarvinicä½yetasedlcmrujtampøúvneya- )ay. TIRkúgv:asuInetanRtÚv)anecaTRbkan;CaTUeTArYceTA ehiyfacagñklak;buttamry³cmhrrbs;xøüncmebahtulakar RBhµTNÐGnþrCati ehiykarcmruj[mantulakarkat;etas emdwknamexµrrkhmvahak;duccakan;etbenßmetaelikarecat Rbkan;TaMgenaHmYykRmiteTot. tamkarbit emdwknamgaemriknigrkúmskmµcncaercin enaettamgcitþnamykemdwknamexµrrkhmmkkat;etastam ry³tulakarrbhµtnðedlerobcmcat;ecg b RtÜtBinitü edaygnþrcati. RkúmsiT imnussnigsmaciksmxan;²én KNbkSTaMgBIr)anKaMRTtulakarEdlesñ IeLIgenH CaBiess KNbkSRbCaFibetyü)anpþl;nUvkarKaMRT\tgakernig beba jeyabl;eday\tsméc. etahcay:agnak¾eday CMhrCaTUeTArbs;shrdæGaemrikGacRtwm)anEtcat;Tukfa manlkçn³pþúykña b RbTajRbTg;Kñab:ueNÑaH. RbeTscin )anefvikarbba úhbba ÚlGgÁkarshRbCaCatinigrdæFM²mYy cmnynetot[beba óskmu[mantulakargnþrcati. cmenké shrdægaemrikvijbeba jnuvsm<afmyyedllaylmkña rvagkarcmrujcalkçn³rdænigcalkçn³ékcnrbmtamgkar RbqaMgCMTas;. Cb:unnig\NÐaedIrCMeTIteCIg karmaneyabl;pþúykñarbs;gaemrikkamgnigkarcmtas; dac;ghgákarrbs;rbetscincmebahkarbegáittulakarkat; etasemdwknamexµrrkhm )antukkas[rbetsmangmnac epsgetotqanecigculmkedirtynatikan;etsmxan;kñúgkar begáittulakarenh. Cb:un nig \NÐa sut Et)anbeBa j [dwgnuvkarcab;garmµn_rbs;xøünmkelitulakarkat;etas emdwknamexµrrkhmetahbicamhagmnacenagasuitamgbirenh )anlukédedaymankarrbúgrby½tñk¾eday. RbeTs\NÐa mancmng;xøamgcg;kan;kab;nuvtynatidwknamx<s;cagektampøúvkar TUtenAPUmiPaKGasuI-GaeKñy_. Cak;Esþg \NÐa)anBRgwg BRgIkTMnak;TMngCamYyRbeTsevotNam RbeTs\NÐ Úensu nigtyéksmxan;²myycmnynetotenakñúgtmbn;. karpþl;nuvkar KaMRTrbs;TIRkúgjÚvedlIdl;tulakarcRmúHenH RbsinebI GgÁkarshRbCaCatidkfymincUlrYmCaerogrhUt qøúh bba amg[exijbicmnab;garmµn_rbs;\nðakñúgdmenirkardak; [TTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHmuxc,ab;nigcg;manmuxmat;x<g;x<s;enA kñ úgvis½ykartutenakñ úgpumipakgasu I-GaeKñy_. k¾b: uenþfµ I²enH \NÐaxVayxVl;EtBIerOgCmøaHenAkaesµó ehiyryjramincg; efvi[regáóscitþdl;tirkúgeb:kamgedlcasm<½n mitþrbs; )a:kisßanyuryarnas;mkehiyenah. TIRkúgjÚvedlIk¾ mankarrbüy)armöedrgmbikarp ab;sm<½n PaBsaCafµIrbs; shrdægaemrikcamyy)a:kisßan ehiynwgqanetaedah RsayerOgtulakarExµrRkhmy:agRbugRby½tñeCosvag mincat;;vifankartamglaynaedlnwgkmramkmehgdl;tmnak;tm ngd¾smxan;camyytirkúgv:asuinetan. mcämnðléksarkm<úca 45

48 RbeTsCb:unk¾sMEdgkarcab;GarmµN_rbs;xøÜndUcKña enhedr ebalkwcg;pþl;fvikadl;tulakarkat;etasemdwknam ExµrRkhm. Cb:unEfmTaMg)anpþl;nUvkarKaMRT\tgaker cmebahdmenirnitivifitulakarkñúgkarnamykemdwknamexµrrkhm mkkat;etas. k¾b:uenþetahcay:agnak¾edayminxusbi RbeTs\NÐaeTKWRbeTsCb:unRtÚv)anraraMgedayTMnak;TMng rbs;xøüncamyyrdæsmxan;²myycmnynedledirtyy:agskmµena kñúgtmbn;gasui-)a:suihvik. sm<½n PaBrvagxøÜnnigGaemrikenA EtrkSaTMnak;TMngl xagepñksnþisuxgnþrcati ehiytirkúg tuküúkrm)ancat;vifankartampøúvkartutenakñúgtmbn;edl GacnwgnaMdl;PaBtantwgCamYyTIRkúgv:asuInetanNas;. Cb:unk¾)anRby½tñRbEygpgEdr kñúgkarepþimkmnitxag kartutnanaedlefvi[gak;gn;citþdl;rbetsnanaenatvibgasui EdlenAEtcgcaMnUvlT icrkbtþiniymrbs;cb:unnig mhaedn «divibulpabenagasuixagekit Cak;EsþgdUcCaPaBrkaMrkUs EdlenAEtbnþminTan;cb; Tak;TgeTAnwgesovePARbvtþ isa sþ nana vimanrmb ks gáamcb: un nigkmµvtß úepsg²etotedlman EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ lkçn³rbhak;rbehlkñaenh. karrbqamgcmtas;edlcb: un CYbRbTHenAkñ úgkarkarbarpabcaemdwknamxagkartutenagasu I- GaeKñy_ KWdUcCa]TahrN_Cak;EsþgEdlelak li kvan;yu )anesþg[exijrsab;. elakføab;)anlan;mat;fa kar[ Cb:uncUlrYmenAkñúgebskkmµEfrkSasnþiPaBenAkm<úCakñúg Rkbx½NÐG untak;enahkw ducca[sukulaetagñkpwkrsag Icwg. «PaBmnÞilsgS½yrbs;GasuIeTAelITIRkúgtUküÚCYyBnül;nUv ehtupledlnam[cb:unbwgep ky:agxøamgetaelikarkamrtxag hirbaøvtßú minemnkmøamgeyafa b neya)aykñúgkarbba Úl \T iblkartutrbs;xøünenatvibgasuiet. bbaðatulakarexµr RkhmemIleTAdUcKñaebHbiT. niyayedayxøieta TaMgtUküÚ nig júvedli sut Etman cmnab;garmµn_cg;)annuvpabcagñkdwknamxøamgcagekenakñúg dmenirkarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm b:uenþrbetstamgbir sut EtmankarRbúgRby½tñmincg;[manPaBtantwgkñúgTMnak; TMngrbs;xøÜnCamYyRbeTscin b shrdægaemrikeliy. \NÐa nig Cb:un TMngCaminGacbnþyuT nakardak;[ttylxus smmitþ egog sari 46 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

49 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ RtÚvcMeBaHmuxc,ab;ykmYyQñHéd)aneT RbsinebIKµan epø Igébtg b epø IgsBaØaBN elogbitirkúgv:asu InetanenaH. esckþ Isnñ idæan³ mhagmnacrcbukrcbl; Casrubmk \T iblénneya)ay mhagmnacmkelikaresvgrk kardak;[ttylxusrtúvcmebahmux c,ab;enakm<úcamanlkçn³rcbuk Rcbl;Nas;. enakñúgtsvtsr_ti90 tulüpabén\t ibl mhagmnacetartn;etarkkarbegáittulakar b:uenþesckþi satrminedlmanrsuhkñatal;etesah. kalbiqñametamij rdæedlmangmnacnigbak;b½n bmputenamhatmbn;gasui- )a:suihvik niyay[cm shrdægaemrikpþal;etmþg)anbþúr etarbkan;ykcmhrmyyetotedlpþúybimun ehiytirkúg v:asuinetanedlebkexjkkña )anraramgmin[mantulakar kat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmxøamgesµinwgkaledlxøüncyy CMrujBImunmkeT. neya)ayrbs;\nða nig Cb:un man lkçn³pþl;nuvkþisgçwm b:uenþtal;etshrdægaemrikman cmnab;garmµn_sacafµi. ebikµankarkamrtebjtmhwgbismnak;mhagmnacetenah Gñkcrcarbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatiGacmanGanuPaBminRKb; RKan;kñúgkarTmøúHPaBTal;Rckbc úb,nñenhcamyyrdæapi)al km<úca. sßiterkamsm<afminf n;minrsal semþcnayk rdæm nþi h un Esn nig tmnagcrcaxagkm<úcaminmansuqnþ³ cg;efvitamkartamtarrbs;ggákarshrbcacatiedlcg;)an karfanabenßmetotetaelinitivifiedim,ifananuvkarcrmhkþi RbkbedayPaBRtwmRtÚvyutþ ifm eliy. karttyl)annuvfvika cmnyn600landuløarcacmnyyetvpakiedlelisbismenirbs; xø ÜnrhUteTAdl;200landuløarenaHbgðajfa karecatrbkan; fa semþcnaykrdæm niþ h un Esn mancmhrdac;ghgákar etaelibbaðatulakarenahminefvi[semþcrbwxøünbnþicesah eliy. ebicg;[rdæapi)alkm<úcattylyknuvkarcmnumcrmhkþi tamkartamtarrbs;gnþrcati CaBiessGgÁkarshRbCa- Cati mhagmnacnwgrtúvetdak;sm<afkan;etxøamgefm etot Ċak;EsþgmanbuKÁleRcInNas;enAkñúgRbeTsmha GMNacnImYy² RBmTaMgmanRkúmbdibkçepSg²BIKñaenAkñúg fñak;dwknamrdænimyy²edlkamrttulakartampøúvsilfm b menakmvic aerog²xø Ün. k¾b: uenþmktl;nwgsbvéf enhexijfa karkitbiplrbeyacn_catipþal;xø Ün y:agehacnas;k¾man sarsmxan;esµinwgkarkitdl;yutþifm kñúgkarbegáitneya)ay rbs;mhagmnacfm²edr ehiyplrbeyacn_catixøünég TaMgenH)aneFVI[KµanyutþiFm srmab;]rkidækmµrbs;bks kumµúynisþkm<úca. neya)ayrbs;mhagmnacminemncaktþaetmyykt; kñúgkarkamrttulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhmet. neya)aytamgenhgacmankarpøas;bþúrrh½sbmputetatam spabcak;esþgéndmenirkarcrca. kñúgnamcarbetsedl FnFanGMNacd¾manskþanuBlnigEtgEtpøas;bþÚrCMhrcMeBaH bbaðatulakarkat;etasemdwknamexµrrkhm shrdægaemrik RbEhlCaEPñkCaRcmuHk¾mindwg. edim,isermc)annuv yutþifm EdlKYr[eCOTukcitþ)anenAkm<úCaGñkbegáIteKal neya)ayrbs;shrdægaemrikrtúvetcmñhnuvbbaðanana rbs;xøün ehiytamgcitþelikkm<s;sit imnussduckñaedl CamUldæanRKwHénRbéBNIneya)aynigmenaKmviC arbs; Gaemrik. cn qrqigari sumsresrlixit b GtßbTBiPakSaCMuvijbBaðaEx~rRkhmepIJmk TsSnavdIþ «EsVgrkkarBit RbGb;sMbuRtelx1110 PñMeBj RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa b tamtursaelx³ b dccam@bigpond.com.kh mcämnðléksarkm<úca 47

50 tbielxmun kñúgxn³edlkarmkdl;rbs;rbhbut sasnaefvi[man karpøas;bþúry:agercinenakñúgsgámexµr «mrtkgñkts UenH RtÚv)anbnþTuk ehiyefmtamgbrgikbrgwgetotpg. Rbsin ebighgagfa esþccagñkkarbarrbhfm ]TahrN_ enah RBHBuT sasna)anefvi[karerbikmøamgrbqamgnwgxµamgedl KMramkMEhgdl;sNþab;Fñab;sgÁmmanlkçN³Rsbc,ab;. FmµniymenH RtÚv)anBRgwgnigBRgIkedayPasitExµr c,ab; Rbús c,ab;rsi nignitankfaepsg²edlcmruj[gñkpg TaMgBYgeKarBRbtibtþieTAtamzan³rbs;xøÜn. kumarakumari eronsurtgmbikmruvirpabrbs; «Gñkts U Edlmankitþiys)an l,ieqµahedaysarkarkøahanbmebjparkic )ansermc nigvayxµamgrbkbedayvirpabx<s;. «KMrUvIrPaBExµr RbePT enhkwbwgep ketaelidmbunµanmyyedltunµanfa GñkNah an smøab;xµamgkwmanmuxmat; cmenkgñkedlminh ankwkyr[ Gam:as;Nas;. erogedlmanmanrbcarbiypabbmputkwerog «ramekrþ EdlExµr)anykmkécñRbDitCaerOgramayN³. erkabi QutqaksEmþgenAkñúgBiPBRBahµN_EdlRbkbedayhigSa nigkrnikic virkfak¾)anqøúhbba amgbikmnitexµretaeligakb,- kiriyarbkbedaykunfm kñúgcmenamshkmn_niggakb,- kiriyarbqamgnwgxµamg. tyggákumökarsemþgnuvkarekarbnig sþab;bgáab;bgrbúsrbs;xøünnigrbhmhaksrtrbhnamrabena RBHraCvaMg. k¾b:uenþenakñúgsmrpumivij kumökar RbyuT CamYybc amirttal;etsøab;edayedirtamkrnikic rbs;xøün CaGñkts U. kñúgerognimyy²sut EtmansIlFm Gb;rMxus² EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg³ briyaygmbikarb:htgáicpøúvgarmµn_tamlkçn³citþsa sþsgám enakñúgbribténgmebirbl½ybucsasn_enakm<úca Kña. duccagñkedirtamsemþc sihnu ln; Nul nig b:ul Bt Edr KW kumökar mantmenarrbqamgnwggmebiqøanbaneday \temtþaetaeligñkedlrtúv)ancat;tukfacasrtúvneya)ay sgám. karb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgámkñúgvalbixat ehvsþigh½ár GHGagfa bukálmñak;gackat;bnßykarb:h Bal;GarmµN_edaykardwgB tamry³ 1 karpøas;bþúrfatupsm epsg²énkaryl;dwg 2 karpøas;bþúrgakb,kiriya 3 benßmedayrbúgrby½tñnuvkaryl;dwgnanaedlbmebj cenøahrvagkardwgb EdlmanlkçN³b:HTgÁic b 4 kar pøas;bþúrsßankarn_ EdlkñúgenaHkaryl;dwgelcecj elig. yut sa sþkat;bnßykarb:htgáicgarmµn_tamgenh ebiniyay[kan;etevgq ayetot k¾gacerbisrmab;kat; bnßykarb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgámedr. ]TahrN_,buKÁlmñak;Edl)anTTYlrgnUvkarb:HTgÁicpøÚv GarmµN_edaycitþs sþsgámgac³ 1 pøas;bþúrkmruvb,fm myyrbs;xøün 2 pøas;bþúrgakb,kiriya EdlKMrUmYyénKMrU vb,fm epsg²etottrmúv[man 3 benßmnuvkermagfµiman krmittabedlnam[kmruvb,fm énkarb:hbal;garmµn_manpab cuhsrmúgkña nig b 4 pøas;bþúrbribtedlkñúgenah KMrUvb,Fm EdlelIkeLIgmkxagelIenHelcecjeLIg. yut sa sþ erkayenhercinetbi)ak BIeRBaHbuKÁlmñak; krmmangmnac pøas;bþúrbriyakasrbs;xøünedaykµancmnyynas;. k¾b: uenþrdæedlkan;gmnacpþac;karercinetefv Iy:agdUecñH. karkat;bnßynuvkarb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgám ekiteligetatambukálmñak;². rdæedlkan;gmnacpþac;kar 48 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

51 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ CYyERbkøayRbCaCn[eTACa «Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg eday 1 bmpusmenakmvic aedlpøas;bþúrkmruvb,fm EdlmanRsab; nig 2 pøas;bþúrbribtedlmankmrunanaelcecjelig. karb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgámi ³ kareqø Iy tbcalkçn³rdæ enaebledlexµrrkhmvaycultirkúgpñmebjeday ecakc½yenaef TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 kic karedlrtúv bba a KWCemøósRbCaCnecjBITIRkúgPñMeBjnigTIrYmextþ nana. karefvi[x at;rbat;rebobenhkwsmedarkb;rkgrbca- BlrdæEbgEckvNѳ begáitmuldæanblkmµ[rwgmamsrmab; bermi[sgámkumµúynisþksikmµfµimyy nigkmcat;ecalnuvgñk RbqaMgCMTas;. m nþieyafanigsuivilénrbbcas;rtúv)an RbmUlykeTAsmøab;ecal. erkabienhk¾enamanyut nakar EvkmuxCnk,t;FM² EdlrYmmandUcCaRKÚbeRgónsisSanusisS kariyelxanukar Gñkbec kets nig GñkÉkeTs. xµamg «vnñ³ myycmnynrtúv)ansmøab;ecal cmenkémyycmnyn etotrtúv)anbba ÚnykeTAGb;rMEkERbenAtamCMrMRbmUlpþúM b [lt;dmetatamcivitcak;esþgrbs;ksikr. y:agehac Nas; manmnussbi1esneta2esnnak;)ansøab;)at;bg; CIvitenAkñúgyuT nakarkab;smøab;elikdmbugrbs;km<úca RbCaFibetyü. erkaybi)ancat;karcamyygñkrbqamgnwg xøünmkbirbpbnana ExµrRkhm)anbegáItnUvkMENTRmg; myycmnynetaelisgámnigmenakmvic aedlcyysrmüldl; karrbl½ybucsasn_edaybmepøgbriyakasedlkñúgenah «Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg )anrbrbwtþgmebirbs;xøün. karpøas;bþúrsgámrbs;km<úcarbcafibetyü³ rbb km<úcarbcafibetyü)anefvikarpøas;bþúrcaercinedlefvi[ Gnþraydl; «silfm GhigSa Fm RtCak; EdlkalBIedIm eliyenacab;nwgkartak;tgtammuldæancanic. cmenké CIvitRbCaCnExµrRtÚv)anpøas;bþÚrRkLab;cak;. shkrn_ køayetacakgesdækic sgámy:agsmxan;. sßanpabesdækic nigbrisßanvitüaedlbimuntrmúv[mankic shrbtibtþikar CamYyKñaenaHRtÚv)aneFVIElg[mankarBak;B½n KñaeTAvij. BImunRbCaCnExµrFøab;EtmanTMnak;TMngmitþPkþisac;jatibgb Ú nedayrak;tak;sñit sñal tamry³karsáal;kñacaercinqñam b efvikarcamyykña b:uenþeblenhtmnak;tmngrvag RbCaCncas; «RbCaCnfµI «yut Cn nigkmµapi)almuldæanenatamshkrn_ebrcamanlkçn³rbkbedaykarp½yxøacnigmintuk citþkña ehiymankarsgs½ykñaetavijetamk. kalbimun Føab;EtsegáteXIjmanKMrUvin½ymantUcmanTabEdldak; krmitnigefvi[sayelignuvtmnas;. b:uenþmkdl;eblenh mñak;²mansit iesµi²kñaehiyrtúvetekarbefvitametggákar myyetb:uenñah. PaBcuHRmúgKñarvagRkúmmYyeTARkúmmYykan;Etricril EfmeTottamry³karbMpøicbMpøajRBHBuT sasna. RBHecA GFikarvt<CaeRcInRtÚv)ansmøab;ecalPøam²bnÞab;BIbdivt< n_cb;eta ehiyrbhgsgçenaesssl;b:unµanrtúv)anbgçm[ lacaksikçabtmkrs;enacarbcacnsmbaø. vtþgar:amrtúv )anbmpøicbmpøaj Km<IrsasnaRtÚv)andutbMpøajecal cmenk rubbut bdimartúv)anefvi[xucrtg;rtay. kalbimun kunexµrttyl)andmbunµansucivfm enatamvihar bu:en<\lúvrtúv )anbba ÚlmenaKmviC amyyedl[témøx<s;etaelip<ac;kar bdivt<n_nigkarbucasac;rss;qamrss;. lit ikumµúynis< )anculmkcmnysrbhbut sasnafaca sasnafµi. «edaysarbimunrküsarcaekasikarsgámrbs;civit RbCaCnExµr mkdl;eblenhvakøayetacakarkmramkmehg rbs;rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyüetavij. bks)anb:unb:g lubbm)at;nuvsarsmxan;énrküsaredaylubbm)at;nuvtynati sgámkic nigesdækic. smacikkñúgrküsarrtúv)anbmebketa tamrbb½n edaydak;krmitsg;pþhsem,g Cemøós[eTAenA kenøgepsg RbCuMsmUhPaB nigefvikarry³eblyuretatam RkúmkargarEdlEbgEcktamePT RsIdak;tamRsI-Rbús dak;tamrbús. karbmebkenhkwcaepñkmyyénclnad¾fmén karbegvrbikarpsap ab;rküsaretanwgrdæ. Ep ktamneya)ay mcämnðléksarkm<úca 49

52 CapøÚvkarénPaBKµanvNѳnigkar[témøy:agxøaMgeTAelI kumaedlcagnaktgñkbnþevnbdivtþn_ bks)anbmpøajnuvkmru silfm EdlmanenAkñúgTMnak;TMngrvagsmaCikRKÜsar. vkábmbak;bmb:ncitþsa sþ)anbergón[kunekµgfa ekmin cam)ac;ekarb«bukmþayrbs;xøünet. mþay «Buk kun niggñk CitxagsuT EtCa mitþ TaMgGs;. «menakmvic arbs;km<úcarbcafibetyü³ edaysar silfm GhigSaRtÚv)anbMpøjehIyenaH silfm higsa RtÚv)aneFVI[køayCamenaKmviC arsbc,ab;enatammuldæan ehiycab;epþimbegáitetacakartmnak;tmngcamyysmuhpab Caerogral;éf. enaeblfñak;dwknamrbbcas;rtúv)ankemþc ehiyesdækic sgámrtúv)ancab;epþimekerbpøas;bþúrenah rbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü)antamgcitþnammknuv sµarti «ts U dak;enakúñgshkrn_. menakmvic aexµrrkhmerbi Bakü «ts U edim,irmb kdl;rblwggñkts UBImun². mñak;² RtÚvcuHeQµaHcUlbdivtþn_edIm,I«ksagnigkarBar RbeTs. smrpumimuxkwkardæan. skmµpabral;éf RtÚv)anerobcM cat;ecgetatamexssgvak;eyafa. kg ««kggnuesnafm «kggnuesnafm kgvresnatuc nig kgbl énrkúmefvi ««kargar RtÚv)anbBa ÚneTA[daM nigrbmulpldmnam randiefvi cmáar nigeliktmnb; CIkRbLay. duccaeyafaedr kg esdækic enhmanvin½ymuwgm:at; rs;enay:ab;ywn nigefvikar garyur²etotpg. snþuisuxcatikwcasmrpumierkay. erkabigarmµn_ P½yxøacxµaMgxageRkA duccaevotnamcaedimrbbkm<úca RbCaFibetyü k¾mankarp½yxøaccmebahxµamgxagkñ úg. mñak;² RtÚv)anbgÁab;bBa a[xmesvgrk ExSk,t;EdlGacbMpøaj «bdivtþn_ b culbermibdivtþn_. dmbugbba aenhnam[mannuvkar RbyuT CamYy xµamgvnñ³ nigpñak;garsm at;bretsedlrtúv «)anerbóbrbducetanwg CMgWmü:agEdlcaM)ac;RtÚvEt ««Büa)al ecj b «kat;ecj etib)an. erkaybittylnuv brac½yepñkesdækic karb:unb:gbrmúgnwgefvirdærbhar 50 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ RbTUsþrayCamYyevotNamnigkarb:HTgÁicépÞkñúgCYrbkSmk yut nakarkab;smøab;eliktibirk¾cab;epþimeligenacugqñam enakñúgkare)assm atedlebarebjedaypab exarexaenah kmµapi)alcan;x<s;rbs;km< úcarbcafibetyü RtÚv)aneFVITaruNkmµenAkEnøgsYrcemøIyenAKukTYlEsøg. RKÜsarnigkUnecAeRkambgÁab;EdlmaneTasBIbTCab;Bak;B½n k¾rtúvnammkcamyyedr. RKan;EtenAPUmiPaKbUB aetmyykenøg b:uenñah manmnussdl;etacagmyyesnnak;rtúv)ansmøab; enaqñam1978 edayecatfa k,alyynxøünexµr. eprvkmµ «enhrtúv)aneliktemáig kñúgnambdivtþn_. higsakøayca «KuNFm. efvis gáamkøaycamanmuxmat;. smøab;xµamgrbs; bks k¾y:agduecñhedr. ebicg;[ karksagnigkarbar RbeTsTTYl)aneCaK «C½yCnCatiExµrTaMgGs;RtÚvmansµartIbdivtþn_RtwmRtÚv. KMnitfµIRtÚvkarTaMgkaredIrtammaK adwknamrbs;bksnigkar lhbg;smöar³niym Gakb,kiriyaRbtikiriya niglhbg; PkþIPaBTaMgGm,almanBImunmk. edaysarbkstmnag[ RbCaCneTIbral;sBaØaNTaMgLayénkarmineKarBRbtibtþi tammann½yesµinwggmebik,t;bks. enakñúgs gáamxµamgrbs; rdærbeptenh RtÚvTTYlnUvkarkat;eTasedayminmankarCMnuM CRmHeLIy. edaysarkmµapi)almuldæanrtúv)anbba a[ Mkm at;«emerak xagkñúgxøünedaymintamgefvierakvinicä½yetirtúv efviy:agnapgenah GMeBIhigSaEdlmanlkçN³xusKñaBI muldæanmyyetamuldæanmyyk¾cab;epþimelig. enakenøgxøh kmµapi)aldac;xatsmøab;cnsgs½yfa k,t;edaykµan jejitédeliy. enamuldæanepsg²etot kmµapi)alfm² efvikarlµm²mintwgebket. CakarBitNas;buKÁlRbePT enhcaercingacnwgttylrgnuvkarb:hbal;garmµn_eday citþsa sþsgámenaebledlxøünrtúv)anpþl;nuvbtbba a [smøab;mnussedlcakarrbqamgnwg silfm GhigSa «]TahrN_dUcKMrUvb,Fm pøúvcitþedlhammin[b:hbal;dl; smacikenakñúgshkmcamyykña EdlsIlFm GhigSaenHKW mcämnðléksarkm<úca

53 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ CaEpñkmYyd¾sMxan;énGtþsBaØaNsgÁmrbs;pgxøÜn. \LÚv enheyigmkbinitüemilfaeti«pñak;garpþac;rblwg TaMgenH edahrsaycamyykarb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgám tamrebobna?. karb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgám II³ kar eqø IytbCalkçN³buKÁl etimnusskøaycaxatkrrbl½ybucsasn_tamrebob Na?dUceyIg)aneXIjRsab;ehIyfa ktþamyykñúgdmenir karpøas;bþúrkw)anmkbi«kareqøiytbcalkçn³rdæ. kñúg krnirbetskm<úcarbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü)ancyykat; bnßykarb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgámedaykar pøas;bþúrbriyakasduccabmpøajecalnuvsilfm GhigSa nignammknuvsilfmhigsamkdl;fñak;muldæan nigedaypþl; nuvmenakmvic aedlgacerbir)as;srmab;ekerbkmruvb,fm TaMgBIrenH duccakmnt;saeligvijnuvbaküfa xµamg bba a[ «smøab;«cnk,t;cmrujhigsabdivtþ. b:uenþenatibba b;kar b:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþsa sþsgámekitelig ehiyrtúv )ankat;bnßyetatambukál. «kareqøiytbcalkçn³bukál EbbenHmanlkçN³ xusbikñaetatambukálmñak;². Ep kelirbvtþicivitrbs;xøün bukálmñak;nwgcam)ac;rtúvkarcat;vifankarmyycmnynedim,i [køayxøünetaca Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg. manrbcacnxøh «RbEhlCaRtÚvkarRtwmEtbriyakasmYysmrmüedIm,I Gnum½tnUvskþanuBlPaBnanaEdlxøÜneFVI[ecjCarUbrag ehiyenah. mnussdétetotgacrtúvetefvikarpøas;bþúrmyy cmnynedim,i[køayxøüncaebcçxat. b:uenþk¾mangñkxøhgac bdiesfminculrymcamyyrbbrbl½ybucsasn_edr. ebcçxatrbl½ybucsasn_pakercinrbehlcaculkñúg CMBUkkNþalenHÉg. vkáenhenhnwgerobrab;gmbi vifankar «myycmnyntak;tgnwgkaryl;dwgedlbukáltamglaygac nwgrbkan;ykedim,ikat;bnßykarb:hbal;garmµn_edaycitþ sa sþsgámdl;cmnucedlefvi[gñktamgenahkøayxøünetaca «Pñak;garpþac;RBlwg. CaBiess nwgtajehtuplfa «bukáliklkçn³rbl½ybucsasn_ ekiteligenakñúgsßanpab EdlGñkedIrtYenaHmanlT PaBGac³ 1 efvi[cnrgerkah )at;bg;pabcamnuss 2 erbibaküsrmalkum[garkk;sþab; cmebahtegvirbs;xøün 3 erobcmsilfm eligvij 4 s amnwg karsmøab; nig 5 RbEkkminTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHTegVIrbs; xøün. nwgedahrsayrkyut sa sþnanakñúgkarkat;bnßy karb:htgáicpøúvgarmµn_enh. karefvi[)at;bg;témøcamnuss³ RkúmGñkcitþsa sþ sgámmyyrkúmenasaklvitüal½yesþnhvdføab;)andk BiesaFn_ecjBIKukmYyEdlkñúgenaHnisSitEdlCakmµvtßúén btbiesafn_enahrtúv)anerisdak;[semþgca «GñkeTas nig «qµamkuk. 6éf erkaymkkarsiksarsavrcavedl KeRmagfanwgeFVIeLIgBIrs)þah_RtÚv)anp akerkaybiqµamkuk semþgecjnuvkayvikarerkverkafrmelapbmbanxøamgebk cmebahgñketas. btbiesafn_enhbgðajbitidæpabbirtak;tg KñaéndMeNIrkareFVI[)at;bg;témøCamnusSEdlsRmÜldl; karrbl½ybucsasn_ ebalkwkarbdiesf nigkarbba úh témø. «karbdiesf smedadmenirkaredlmnuss)at;bg; nuvgtþsbaøanrbs;xøünnigrtúv)ancat;tukfacamnussedl sßitenarkúmepsgbisgámfmmyyenah. «karbba úhtémø smeda vifiedlrkúmmnusstamgenhrtúv)anefvi[køaycamnussmin smxan; b mnuss)atsgám. TaMgkarbdiesFnigkarbBa úh témøkwsut EtnaMdl;kareFVI[)at;bg;témøCamnusSEdlekIt eligenakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü. edim,ilubbm)at;zananurkmnigkarebgeckvnñ³ Exµr Rkhm)antaMgcitþdkecjnUvGñkNaEdl «Gatµaniym man KMnit «mulfnniym. kmµsit ÉkCnRtÚv)anlubbM)at; ecal. RtÚveFVIkargarrYm nighubrym. mñak;²rtúvesøók Bak;GavexµAexaexµA kat;sk;[xøi niyaysþiniggakb,kiriya «smsyn nigkm at;ecalnuvtmøab;gatµaniymedlrbqamg nwg «karpjak;rlwk bdivtþn_. ekalbmngedlcg;)ankw mcämnðléksarkm<úca 51

54 begáitelignuvsgámmyyedlmñak;²manlkçn³duc²kña ehiymñak;²sut EtsßitenAeRkamrdæEtmYy. tamkarbitmnussenakñúgsgámenahrtúv)anebgeck etatamrbeptepsgtetaetot. TImYy KWEbgEckrvag Exµr «BitR)akd EdlCaEpñkmYyrbs;GgÁkarnigGñkEdlCa «srtúv rbs;ggákar. edaysarggákarcagñktmnag[ RbCaCn GñkEdlRbqaMgKWCaGñkk,t;. kmµapi)almuldæan RtÚv)anbBa a[km at;«xµamgvnñ³ Edlcg;bMpøajbdivtþn_. GñkEdlsßitenAkñúgkarsgS½yKWRbCaCn «fµi ebalkwgñk TIRkúgnigCnePosxøÜnenAtamCnbTEdlRtÚv)anedjecj BITIRkúgnana nigedlrtúv)ankamrtedaypþal;bismnak; kgkmøamg ln; Nul EdlExµrRkhm)anvay[braC½y ehiyenah. edayføab;sßitenaerkam\t iblbrets nig crkbtþiniym RbCaCnfµIElgRtÚv)ancat;TukCa «ExµrsuT etotehiy EtEbrCacat;TukCaxµaMgEdlKYrEtTTYlrgnUvkar efvi)abetatamkrmiténsilfm higsa. RbCaCnCMBUkenH RtÚv)anEbgEckdac;BIkmµaPi)alnigyuT CnExµrRkhmnig RbCaCn «cas; Edl)anrs;edaylM)akevTnaenAeRkamkar RKb;RKgrbs;ExµrRkhmenAkñúgGMLúgqñaMekIts gáam. cab;tamgbidmbugédmkemø:hkwfarbcacn «fµi KWCa «GñkeRkA EdlTTYlrgnUvkareFVI)abxøaMgCageK. erkabimin[culkñúgcivpabsmuhpabducekducég RbCaCn «fµiniggñkedlrtúvsgs½yfacaxµamgrtúvttylrgnuv karefvi[)at;bg;témøcamnuss. RbCaCn «fµi )anniyay fa xøünrtúvekcab;jat;langs;ry³eblcaercinem:agena GMLúgeBlkarCemøóselIkeRkayeTot. PaKeRcInRtÚv bt;ecigfm nigbt;ecigtucenakenøgnaedlxøünqr. Lan ebiketamuxrhutminedlqb;srmaket etahbicamanmnuss dac;xül;søab;edaykarfb;degðimy:agnak¾eday. «ekefvi )abeyigxøamgcagekarkbietaetót ekemilgayemilefak>>> eyigelgcamnussetotehiy. RbCaCnRtÚv)anbgçM[ efvikarducstvfatu. RbCaCnTaMgenaHminRtwmEtbgçM[ 52 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ efvikarercinem:agnigdac;)aydac;twketb:uenñahet b:uenþefm TaMgeFVIkaredaysßitenAeRkamkarXøaMemIlmindak;EPñkBI smnak;yut Cn nigemkgedlmangmnacgacyketasmøab; ecalk¾)an. manrbcacncaercin)anerobrab;gmbikar rs;enad¾esnlm)akevtnaenakñúgsm½ykm<úcarbcafibetyü. «eyigxøan)ay Gs;kmøaMgrhitréhrhUtdl;Kµan kmøamgnwglagsm atxøünr)an b semøókbmbak;pg. dl; G IcwgeTA ElgnwkeXIjGnam½y GanamYy s IeTotehIy. s Ik¾eyIghUbEdrminerIseT[Et)anhUb>>>CuHkEnøgNak¾CuH eta GñkNaeXIjGI k¾exijetaelgxvl;. CMgWratt,atBas ebjpumi duccacmgwgasnñerak CMgWRKúncaj; CMgWraKmYl rak rus nigcmgwkmrmas;. karefvi[)at;bg;témøcamnussebbenhkwqøúhbba amgtam ry³menakmvic agb;rmrbs;exµrrkhm. RbCaCnRtÚv)an ENnaM[eFVIkardUceKadUcRkbI³ «smmitþekaminedlbdiesf minrbmefivkaret. smmitþechekarbbba a. smmitþeka minedlmat;kgimyym:at;. smmitþekaminedltv:aenaebl ekykrküsaretasmøab;ecalet. yut Cnmñak;R)ab;eTA RbCaCn «fµi faem:smmitþnarisøab;rbesircagekasøab; «eka CYyeyIgeRcInNas; ehiy\tsui)ayetot. varkan;ebi CagBYkÉgq aynas;. karbba úhtémømyyepñk bnþal mkbikaredlfarbcacnfµietgetrtúv)ancat;tukfaca «eqøiys gáam. «swgetral;ebleyigb yut CnERsk fa «eqøiyswk GaRCÚk. eyigqwcab;nas;bimun. \LÚv dl;eblégrtúvrgkarqwcab;mþg. CYnkaleKGt;n[ Edr Et «xµamg RtÚvEteFVIkarxøaMg ehiysþab;bgáab;. Rbsin ebiekefvigvixus dkecjk¾minxatcmebahkm<úcarbcafibetyü Edr. enakñúgeblbnül;erobrab;bimulehtuedlemxum smmitþ ecv smøab;nigbba a[smøab;rbcacnercinemø:h elak hamg ega: kt;smáal;fa «eyigminemncamnusset. eyigrs;enaefaktabnas; edaysareteyigcaxµamg. ekév:eyigecalducév:ruygba wgenhcapøúvkm at;gñkedlmin mcämnðléksarkm<úca

55 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ RtÚvTuk. ExµrRkhmRbePTenHRtÚv)anGb;rMbBa ÚlmenaKmviC a [KµanGarmµN_GaNitdl;xµaMg. ducedlkmµapi)almñak;)an R)ab; fa «eyigrtúv)anduhxat;sµarti[echkat;citþbixµamg[ mancitþcg;smøab;xµamgedlk,t;bdivtþn_ etahbicagñkenahca «Bukmþay bgb Ún mitþpkþi b sac;jatik¾edaycuh. GVI² EdleyIgeFVIKWedIm,IbkS. KMnit[kat;citþcMeBaH «xµamg Edl RtÚveKbdiesFecalnigeFVI[)at;bg;témøCamnusSCYy[ ExµrRkhmCaeRcInkñúgkarkat;bnßykarb:HBal;GarmµN_ edaycitþsa sþsgámtamry³karkmnt;sarcafµifagñkna RtÚvcat;cUlkñúgsgÁmnigbegáItnUvRkúmEdlCamuxsBaØaeFVI y:agna[xøünmangarmµn_gnþ³sar. edaysarclna ts Ubdivtþn_ecHEtbnþeTAenAtamshkrN_ kmµapi)alexµr RkhmmanbBaðatictYcNas;kñúgkareRbIR)as;«sIlFm higsa Fm ekþa edim,ismøab;xµamgedlxøüns b;edlcakarkmram kmehgdl;bdivtþ EdlminEmnCa «ExµrsuT nigedlmanzan³ TabCagmnusSeTAeTot. BaküsRmaleRbIkuM[GaRkk;sþab;eBk³ edayerbi R)as;nUvBaküsRmalCnéddl;RbRBwtþGMeBIhigSaman lt PaBGaclak;)aMgnUvsarCatiBiténGMeBIrbs;xøÜntamry³ karsemþgmenaseba tnatamglaynaedlefvi[xøünemileta exijduccamuxsü t b KYr[eKarB. enacmrmnahsirbs; GaløWm:g; Ca]TahrN_Cak;Esþg CnCatiCVIhVRtÚv)aneKcat; TukfaCaCMgWmYyRbePT ebikm at;cmgwenhetanwgmanrbeyacn_ dl;suxpabsafarnduecñhedr. CnCatiCVIhVEdlmkdl; TIRkúgGUsvIt RtÚv)anerobcM[ «Büa)alCMgWCalkçN³ Biess EdlkñúgkarBüa)alenaH «RkúmEdlminTan;qøg RtÚv cak;fñamsuiy:anitculetakñúgk,alr:umienpáaquk. karerbi l,iccalkçn³pasaebbenhpþl;[cnéddl;rbrbwtþgmebi Rbl½yBUCsasn_nUv «kareføgeyabl;edlgacttylyk )anfa karsmøab;elgcakarsmøab;etotehiy. cam)ac;rtúv EtsakemIl b yl;exijfa Cakarsmøab; k¾)an. GacmanGñksgÇwmfa enakñúgvb,fm myy karniyay tbimat;myyetamat;myycaerogfmµtaetaehiy. y:agna mij karebalbaküsrmal[bierahsþab;k¾caerogfmµtaedr enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü. k¾duccaenakñúgcmrmnahsi rbs;galøwm:g;edr GMeBIeXareXACaeRcInRtÚv)anBiBN na tamlkçn³evc sa sþ. karkm at;xµamgrtúv)an[ehtupl faduccakarcam)ac;duccakar km at; GñkEdlmanCMgWEdr. ««dmenirbnsút kmµebbenhechetbnþetamuxcalmdab;enaebj myysm½ykm< úcarbcafibetyüenhég. enacugqñam1976 b:ul Bt )anniyayfa³ enakñúgbksmancmgw>>>eyigmintan; «rkexijc,as;enaeliyet. RtÚvBinitüCMgW[EmnETn. ebi echetcamyur²eta emerakgacbgá[manbbaðafmminxan. el,ónénkarlb;bm)at;«karqøg enh)annam[manvisut kmµ higsaedlekineligcalmdab;tamgenatammuldæannigrkb;can; fñak;elirbs;bksxøünégpþal;. enapumipakbub aedlman RBMRbTl;Cab;nwgevotNammanbuKÁlCaeRcInCaBiess RbCaCnfµIEtmþgRtÚv)ansmøab;ecaledaysgS½yfa «mancmgwkamrtevotnam. kmµapi)almuldæankm<úcarbcafibetyü)anerbir)as; BaküsRmalkuM[Bi)aksþab;CaeRcInRbePTbiT)aMgGMeBI Rbl½yBUCsasn_rbs;xøÜn. GñkxøHRtÚv)anKMramfa nwgyk «etaérb xøhfayk etavalerkaypumi b yketa «efvikar «enaépñ MCaedIm. tamvb,fm Exµr kenøgtamgenhsut EtBak;B½n nwgbakü érb EdlCakEnøgmYyKYr[P½yxøacminsuIvil½y «CakEnøgEdlmanGMeBIeXareXAekIteLIg. muneblbenþir etaefvitarunkmµ dak;kuk ehiyyketasmøab;ecal GñkTaMg enahetgetrtúv)anr)ab;fa ekyketa eronsurt b eta ««CYbGgÁkar. BaküedaHsarEbbenHeRbIsRmab;biTbM)aMg nigefvigmebiexarexaedlkmµapi)alexµrrkhm)anrbrbwtþ[ manpabrsbc,ab;. enamant GaLic hiuntun mcämnðléksarkm<úca 53

56 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ EsVgyl;nUvRBHBuT dika³ «eborrmgab;edaykarmincgebor enakñúgsgámex~r karkmnt;ykrbhbut sasnaca sasnarbs;rdærtúv)angnuvtþcaercincmnan;. )avcnacati km< úcaecgkñ úgrdæfmµnubaøqñam1993rbs;rbhracanacrkkm< úca KW «Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt. kñ úgmarta43 vaküx½nð TI3 k¾)anecgedrfa «RBHBuT sasnakwcasasnarbs; rdæ. duecñhrbhbut sasna)ancak;b sy:agercaenakñúg TMenomTmøab;RbéBNIExµrCayUrlg;Nas;mkehIy. enakñúgrbbkm<úcarbcafibetyü esripabénkarekarb Rbtibtþisasna RtÚv)ankat;bnßyBIkRmitTabbMputmkdl; krmitsunüsug. RbCaCnEdl)anqøgkat;rbbenHyl; y:agc,as;fa ExµrRkhm)aneFVITukçbukemñjelIsasna kñúggmlúgqñam «karefvitukbukemñjelisasna KWCabT]RkidæmYykñúg cmenambt]rkidæmyycmnynedlsßitkñúgc,ab;kat;etasem dwknamcan;x<s;exµrrkhm. c,ab;sþibikarbegáit[manggácmnum CRmHvisamBaØkñúgtulakarkm<úCaedIm,Ikat;esckþI]Rkidækmµ TaMgLayEdlRbRBwtþeLIgenAkñ úgry³kalénkm< úcarbcafibetyü RtÚv)anLayRBHhsþelxaedaysemþcRBHneratþm sihnu RBHmhakSRténRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCakñúgExsIha qñam2001. enakñúgcmbukti1 btb,baøtiþtueta marta1)an kmnt;c,as;fa «c,ab;enherobcmeligkñúgekalbmngvinicä½y etasemdwknamcan;x<s;km<úcarbcafibetyünigcntamglay NaEdlRtÚvTTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaH]RkidækmµnigkarrMelaPy:ag F n;f relic,ab;rbhµt½nðkm<úca rmelapetaelic,ab;nigtmenom Tmøab;GnþrCati ehiynigrmelapelignusbaøagnþrcatiedl RbeTskm<úCaTTYlsÁal;ehIyEdl)anRbRBwtþkñúgGMLúgéf 17 emsa 1975dl;éf 6 mkra edaysarmancmenoelirbhbut sasnay:agmutmam RbCaCnExµrmYycMnYnEdlenArs;enAtamRsukERscmáar BM u)ankitkurl itl n;bitegviedlexµrrkhm)anrbrbwtþenakñúgqñam facabtelµiskrmitgnþrcatif n;f renah eliy. minetb:uenñahetotesat CnrgeRKaHmYycMnYnmin cg;rmb keligvijnuvgtitkald¾exµaggwtedlrkbdnþb;eday GMeBIeXareXAéRBépSrbs;emdwknaMEx~rRkhmeLIy ehiy suxcitþttylrgkarqwcab;nigrs;catilvigcurct;y:ags at; es ómetavijedaysaretkarp½yxøac. elisbienheta etot migma elakyay elaktaxøh )anelikyktssn³ RBHBuT sasna eborrmgab;edaykarmincgebor dak;kñúgcitþ «ehiybegvrcivitecjbiyutþifm etavij. TnÞwmnwgenH k¾enaetmangtitex~rrkhmmyycmnynetot yl;rclmedrfa TegVIrbs;ExµrRkhmEdl)anRbRBwtþcMeBaH CnrgeRKaHrbs;xøÜn minkyrrtúv)anrmb keligvijet BIeRBaH vakwcaeroggtitkaledlknøghyscayurqñammkehiy. exov smpn GtItKN³RbFanrdæénrbbkm< úcarbcafibetyü )anniyayenaésnñisitsarbt man enaexfñú qñam1998 CaPasaGg;eKøsTaMgrdak;rdubfa «erogedlknøghysetaehiy [vahysetacuh. RbsinebIeyIgbeNþay[GtItkalénkmµeBorrbs; ExµrRkhmknøghYseTAenaH bb aak;fa vaminemncategvimyy én eborrmgab;edaykarmincg;ebor et BIeRBaHfa RbsinebI «eyigminrsayeborrbs;exµrrkhmecjet eborenhk¾ech EtmanteTAeTot. Baküfa ebor mann½yfa cmngcitþerkafedlcg ««edaybüa)at brmúgnwgsgswkvij/ cmngcitþcasrtúv³ mcämnðléksarkm<úca

57 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ cgebor/ RsayeBor/ mnussmanebor. cmenkébakü fa ébr_ k¾mann½yduckñaetanigbakü ebor Edr. ExµreRbI ««BaküenHCabrivars½BÞsRmab;niyaypSMnwgBakü etas «KWfa³ etasébr_ KWeTasnwgeBor b etascaebor. Bakü køayrbs;bakü ébr_ KW «ébri mann½yfa GñkmaneBor/ «GñkcgeBor/ bc amitþ/ srtúv. ercinerbikñ úgbakükabü³ eyafa «\tranwgébri RbyuT vk;viy:aggg;gac efv I[sRtÚv)ak;xøbxøac fyrt;rbsacelggakerkay. kñúgn½yrbhbut sasna eborrtúvrmgab;edaykarmincg «ebor KWsMedAelI karryccakeborerbahrsayebor man «n½yfa kalebi)ancacgeborrycetaehiy Edl)anrYcrMedaH cakeborelgmantetaetot erbahrsaycmngeborenah[ RCHRsLHecj ebiminrsayecjet ebork¾echetmant² etaetot. ducbakükabüfa «TIXavukumarmanvacarN_ ecosebor)an etibmansuxeksmksanþ )anesayracürkg rdæbir. erogtixavukumarnigrbh)atrbhµttþkñúgtixavukumar Catk CaBuT Pasit. tambut vcnaelakecgfa «eborrmgab;edaykarmincg ebor. etikaredleyignamykemdwknamexµrkhmmkkat; etas cat;tukcakarcgeboredrb et? eqøiynwgsmnyrenh RBHmhasuemFaFibtI etb vgs semþcrbhsgçrackn³ mhanikayénkm<úca )anmansgçdikafa vagt;maneboret k¾bu:enþebiebortetaetotenah GabYneTAsgdb;enaH. ebidl; kat;etasenah vaechetxuseta vaechetgustajtamggagñk TaMgGs;Kñahñwg ebiminebornwg bu:l Bt cuh bu:l Bt eta ykéna ebi bu:l Bt gab;)at;etaehiy. fvid,itetemdwknamcan;x<s;exµrrkhmmyycmnynducca sun esn/ b:ul Bt nig Ekv Bk )ansøab;etaehiyk¾ BitEmn b:uenþenamanemdwknamcan;x<s;exµrrkhmedlenars; myycmnynetot ducca exov smpn/ nyn Ca/ egog sari/ egog FIriT nig tam:uk CaedIm RtÚvEtmancMENkkñúgkar TTYlxusRtÚvcMeBaHGVIEdl)anekIteLIgkñúgGMLúgeBlénkar RKb;RKgGMNacrbs;rbbkm<úCaRbCaFibetyü. GMeBIrbs;emdwknaMExµrRkhmEdleFVI[)at;bg;CIvit RbCaCnd¾eRcInsn wksn ab;hñwg etikyretrtúv)ankat;etas b k¾benþayetatamkmµebor? eqø IynwgsMNYrenH RBHmhasuemFaFibtI etb vgs )anmansgçdikafa minemnbenþay tamkmµeboret. GVIRtÚvEtvinicä½yTaMgGs; k¾bu:enþ vinicä½y[ manyutþifm pg sum[vinicä½ymanyutþifm tamry³sasna pg.>>>kum[rbkbnuvkarkmramkmehg karrbmafemilgay emilefaktbt ERkgeBorhñwgvatKñateTAeTot. cmenksemþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI RBHsgÇraC KN³FmµyutþiknikayénRBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa )anman sgçdikafa erogtulakar erogkat;etasexµrrkhmgitamggs; hñwg Gatµakñúgzan³CaGñkbYs. GñkbYs ebieyagetatam RBHBuT dika semþcrbhsmµasm< út esþcrtg;manrbht½yemtþa kruna mutita ]ebkça. KWfamincMeBaHfaGñkhñwgCas IeT KW RTg;manRBHT½yG Ícwg sum,ietetvttþedltamefvikutrbhbut GgÁ RBHBuT GgÁk¾esþcRTg;RBHBuT anubaøat[culkal;edr. semþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI )anmansgçdikabnþ etotfa ebieyigkitetatamrebobexµreyigtamgbibrmburan mk elakfa kat;twkmindac; kat;sac;vaqw Gahñwgk¾mYy «enakñúgcmenambaküexµreyigedlmanercinmk. myyetot ekfa «yl;jati Xøatc,ab;. Gahñwgk¾mYyeTotEdr. G IcwgsgÁmExµreyIgykmkeRbITaMgGs; c,ab;k¾erbi sac;jati k¾erbi erbitamgbir. supasitexµrtamgbirxøa BitCaRtwmRtÚvNas;. kat; «Twkmindac; kat;sac;vaqw CaerOgmYyBi)akxøaMgNas; ehiycaerogqwcab;etotpg. kñúgelakeyigenh KµanGVI EdlfaminGacedaHRsay)anenaHeT b:uenþrkan;etrtúvkar eblevlayurbnþicbu:enñah. edim,iefvi[sgámmyymankar GPivDÆ nigkøayetacanitirdæ eyigrtúvbuhbar]bskárkb; Ebby:ag nigrtamrtkarqwcab;minticeliy. su RTaMkar lm)ak nigkarqwcab;myyry³ebl RbesICagkarbENþt mcämnðléksarkm<úca 55

58 benþay[mankarlm)aknigkarqwcab;bnþnammuxeyigca erogrhut. «yl;jatixøatc,ab; k¾caerogbitmin RbEkk)anEdrenAeBlEdleyIgecHEtbnþkareyaKyl;Kña kargfüars½y[kñaedaykµanednkmnt;enah. karerbi menaseb atnahysehtukñúgkarelikelgetas[kñacaehtu efvi[c,ab;mantynatikan;ettictycenakñúgdmenirkarsgám edim,iqanetarknitirdæ. semþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI )anmansgçdikabba ak; etotfa Baküfa GP½y )ann½yfa ekykmk ekgb;rm[ «Ekcitþ EkKMnitRbRBwtþeTAtampøÚvl vij duccaggáúlimar G ÍcwgEdr RBHBuT GgÁeTAbBaÄb;kuM[GgÁúlImarhñwgeFVIkar GaRkk; EtelakykmkGb;rM[bYs hñwggb;rmmyyehiy. EteyIgminEmnfa [mkbysg IcwgeT eyiggacfamkcul Gb;rMeTAtampøÚvsgÁmEdleyIgRtÚvkarEdleyIgnaMKñaCYy ksagcatietatampøúvnaedll G IcwgeTA. enakñúgqñam1994 racrdæapi)alkm<úca)anecjc,ab; myydak;exµrrkhm[enaerkac,ab; b:uenþbc úb,nñenh racrdæa- Pi)alkm<úCa)anGnuBaØat[cUlrYmrs;kñúgsgÁmCatikm<úCa vij ehiy)anelikelgetasdl;emdwknamexµrrkhmmyy cmnyn duccakrni egog sari CaedImEdlRtÚv)antulakar bdivtþn_rbcacnkm<úcakat;[cab;etasbibtrbl½ybuc sasn_enaqñam1979. riéc,ab;edim,ikat;etasexµrrkhm KWCakarRsay ebor EdleFVI[RsbeTAtamRBHBuT bnþamfa «eborrmgab;edaykarmincgebor «. Tak;TinnwgsMNYrsYrfa etikñúgrbbexµrrkhmerogr:avén karsmøab;mnuss vacaerogpøúvelak b pøúvfm? eqøiynwg smnyrenh RBHmhasuemFaFibtI etb vgs k¾)anmansgç dikafa enhebitamelaktabicarnak¾minercarch mindac; erscedr. ehtuem:c)anfaduecñah? mkgmbistvcagñk GaRs½ykmµ. kmµ)ann½yfagmebiedlefvi.>>>mindwgca «bu:l Bt ekcab;epþimefvi b k¾cabykmyymkbiplehtugvi. ebi fa bu:l Bt ekmincab;epþimefviet GaenHeBorrbs;BYkeyIg EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ hñwg vamaneborbigtitmk. «esacbuebv cktþ bubaøka enh vahuc[bigtitkalmk «GtIta Catbc úb,na Fmµa enah. kñúgerogkmµeborenh mansmnyrecatsyrfaetiemdwknam vtþgm< ilbi rubftqñam1979 ExµrRkhmsBVéf enh)anttylkmµedlek)anrbrbwtþehiy b ena? eqøiynwgsmnyrenh semþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI mansgçdikafa BiPBelakeKs b;kat; ekdak;etaskat; TaMg Gs;hñwgCa)abkmµrbs;Kat;ehIy exijetgahñwgkat;)an 56 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

59 EsVgrkkarBit-evTikaBiPakSasaFarN³ TTYlrbs;Kat;ehIy. sbvéf BiPBelakmanGgÁkarsh- semþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI mansgçdikabba ak; RbCaCatiCaedIm ekechetttucedim,inwgkat;etasdak;etas benßmetotfa kñúgrbhbut sasnaminerbibaküécdnüdac;xat Kat;hñwg GahñwgsuT Et)abkmµrbs;Kat;ehIy. KWsuT EtkmµTaMgGs; kmµhñwgnam[etag Ícwg GMeBIEdleyIgeFVI hñwgnameyigetag Ícwg.>>>bu:EnþmnusSeyIgebIeyIgmineCOkmµ eyigrkkars b;gt;exijet kñúgcivitrs;kñúgrküsark¾g Ícwg rs;enakñúgsgámk¾g Icwg. RKb;TegVIrbs;ExµRkhmEdl)anRbRBwtþRbqaMgnwgCn rgerkahrbs;xø Ün mingaccat;tukfa Caécdnü)aneLIy. va sut EtCaectnaénkmµEdlExµrRkhm)ansagmkTaMg Gs;. RbsinebIExµrRkhmmineCOfa enhcakmµrbs;xøünet enah ExµrRkhmBitCaminGacrs;enAkñúgsgÁm)aneLIy. vifil bmputedim,i[exµrkhmgacrymrs;enakñúgsgám)an ElgmankmµeBorteTAeTotenaH KWRtÚvEtRsaynUvcMNgkmµ ebortamggs;enah[rchrslhtamry³kardak;[ttylxus RtÚvcMeBaHmuxc,ab; edim,iyutþifm nigkargpivdæsgámcati km<úcaqanetarknitirdæ. enakñúgn½yrbhbut sasna k¾duckñúgn½yc,ab;edr ebor nwgtampþnþacmebahgñkedlrbrbwtþnuvgmebi)ab. c,ab;nwg pnþaetascmebahbukáledlrbrbwtþxusnwgc,ab;. Ep ktam ekalkarn_tuetaénc,ab; KWbuKÁlRKb;rUbmansiT iesµikñacmebah muxc,ab;. ebic,ab;pþl;yutifm BitR)akd kmµebornwgelg ekitmanetotehiy. karnamykemdwknamcan;x<s;énrbb ExµrRkhmmkvinicä ½yeTas KWCaTegV ImYybgðajnUv eborrmgab; «edaykarmincgebor. ehtuenh karnamykemdwknam Can;x<s;ExµrRkhmmkkat;eTas BMuEmnCakarcgkmµcgeBor enahet b:uenþrtúvefviy:agnaedim,ifana[manyutþifm myy EdlmnusSTUeTAGacTTYlyk)an enahetibgaccat;tukfa Ca eborrmgab;edaykarmincgebor )an. etahbicaman «semþcrbhsukn afibti by r RKI mansgçdikabba ak; yl;exijy:agnak¾eday sgámmanc,ab; ehiyc,ab; benßmfa RBHBuT Cam as;elakfa eyigmankmµcarbs;xøün mantynatismxan; KWEsVgrkyutþiFm CUnCnrgeRKaHEdlRtÚv ekitmkmankmµmkcamyyehiy.>>>ebigt;kmµgt;ekitet )anrmelapenakñúgc,ab;énsgám. ekiterbahkmµ rs;enaerbahkmµ søab;etak¾erbahkmµ. CYg suparit mcämnðléksarkm<úca 57

60 EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar drabnak~anyutþifm Lac ni enaetvilvl;nwgrsemalgtitkal rhutmkdl; sbvéf enh Lac ni )an rs;enaedaydk;cab; nuvkþitukçesaky:agf n; F r. Lac ni )an t Új Et rfa «mingacbmepøc Lac ni RbBn kun )anet luh RtaEt søab;. ebi ena manrsemalkwenaetnwkexijkunrbbn rbs;. supmgál RKÜsar)anrlay)at;Gs;BICIvit Lac ni bnþab;biexµr Rkhm)anykRbBn nigkuncatirslaj;tamg7nak;eta smøab;enagmlúgexkkáda qñam1977. Lac ni ekitenaqñam1937 enapumiebaf cinþam XMusVay GnÞr RsukéRBEvg extþérbevg. kñúgsm½ysgámra sþ niym Lac ni KWCaGñkFUrFarmñak;. Kat;rs;enAnigRbkb rbrlk;durenapsarsvaygnþr. Kat;manlT PaBbnþkar siksaenatirymextþérbevgnigenapmñebjrhutdl;fñak;ti5. qñam1960 Lac ni )anculbermikargarkñúgrksyg surieyadi. qñam1962 Lac ni )anerobkarcamyynarimñak; eqµah su san. su san manrsukkmenit enaercaycgva TIRkúgPMñeBj. «Bukrbs; s Mu san CakUnExµrkat;cin nig mþaycacncatievotnam. erkayeblerobkarryc Priyarbs; Lac ni bermikar CacugePAenARkúmhu nnihr½ngahr½nrbs;\nðaeqµah «hsaming; edsüg; ):ael edsvari enavifikal;em:t. cmenk Lac ni )anlaqb;bikargarenarksygsurieyadi. enaqñam1963 Lac ni )ansumculbermikarxagepñkcmnyykar Pasa)araMgenARkúmhu n hsaming; edsüg; ):ael edsvari CamYyRbBn rbs;kat;. TaMgBIrnak;bþIRbBn efvikarena Rkúmhu nenhrhutdl;qñam1968 etiblaqb;bikargar. bnþab;bienah Lac ni )anmkbergónpasa)aramgena salaékcnenaxmudi\dæ RsukekonsVay. bnþab;bibergón )anrbman6ex spabkarn_rbetsmangsßirpab Lac ni sermccitþqb;bergón ehiynamrküsarrtlb;etarsuk kmenitenaextþérbevgvij. kñúgry³kaledlrkúmrküsarrbs; Lac ni rs;ena PUmieBaF cinþam erkamkartmnukbrmúgbi«bukmþayrbs; Lac ni RbBn rbs;kat;k¾rbkbmuxrbrcagñklk;benøenakñúgpsar svaygnþr. cmenk Lac ni bergónsisspg nigetatij benøenagñkelogb enagurramg«mk[rbbn lk;durpg. karrbkbrbrlk;benørympsmnwgkarbergónsisspgenah )anefvi[civpabrküsar Lac ni FUrFarRKan;ebI. Lac ni )an[dwgfa Priyarbs;Kat;CamnusSrYsray nigmansnþancitþl cmebahbgb ÚnjatimitþCitxag. eblna GñkCitxagmanTukçFur³ su san EtgEtcUlrYmEckrMElk karxvhxatnigtukçlm)akcanic. Lac ni )anniyayfa «RbBn CaempÞHd¾l CaGñkpþl;esckIþsuxdl;RKÜsar CaGñk efvi[rküsarmansirisysþi echrslaj;rkúmrküsarnigjati mitþcitxag. RKÜsar minedlmankarfñamgfñak;gvicamyy bgb ÚnjatimitþCitxageLIy. supmgálrküsarrbs; Lac ni )anrlaygs; cab;biéf TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 Caéf EdlExµrRkhm cab;epþimrkb;rkgrbetskm<úca. kñúgrbbexµrrkhm Lac ni RtÚv)ankmµaPi)alExµrRkhmcat;taMg[beRgónkumar. Kat;)anTTYlbBa a[bergóngksrdl;kumaretkñúgfirevla Et2em:agbu:eNÑaHkñúgmYyéf KWeRkayeBl)ayéf Rtg;. eblevlasl;bienah Kat;RtÚvnaMkumareTAeFVIBlkmµenA valersnigenakenøgepsg²etottamedlfñak;eli 58 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

61 EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar cat;tamg. cmenkrbbn rbs; Lac ni EdlmankUntUc RtÚvkmµaPi)al ExµrRkhmcat;taMg[eFVIkargarkñúgkgmIg² KWdksÞÚg RcÚtkat; dambenøenacit²pumi. muneblexµrrkhmykrbbn nigkunrbs; Lac ni etasmøab; RbFanXMueQµaH Lwk Eqm )aneha Lac ni etasyrfa «RbBn mitþégcacncatievotnamb k¾exµr?. Lac ni )aneqøiyfa «RbBn ExµreT «BukCakUnecAcin. Eqm fa «minemnet CaCnCatievotNam RtÚvEtbBa ÚneTA RbeTsevotNamvij. etahbi Lac ni xmniyayy:agnak¾ Lwk Eqm minecofarbbn rbs; Lac ni minemncacncati evotnamedr. edaygs;sgçwmkñúgkarggvrkr Lac ni k¾smnumbrcacugerkayfa «ebimitþmineco cg;cab;rbbn nig kun yketak¾ykcuh sumtuketkunc,gmñak;eqµah dalida EdleFIVkarenAkñúgkgcl½t. Lwk Eqm enaetminrbm dedl. Lwk Eqm )anr)ab; Lac ni fa ebi«bukcacncati evotnam nwgyket«buketasmøab;et. bu:enþebimþayca CnCatievotNam nwgyktamgmþaytamgkunetasmøab;tamg Gs;. Lwk Eqm )anbba ak;fa «kunekitecjbitgsukmþay ekniyayfaemknþúrkunk¾knþúredr. eblrtlb;mkpþhvij Lac ni minh anr)ab;rbbn fanwg RtÚvExµrRkhmykeTAsmøab;eT RKan;Etniyayfa «Ég egiy ÉgnigkUnRtÚveKbBa ÚneTARbeTsevotNamehIy. RKan;EtB fartúvexµrrkhmbba ÚneTARbeTsevotNam RbBn rbs; Lac ni ekittukçsrmanþminlk;rhutdl;éf Edl kgqøbexµrrkhmyketasmøab;. enaéf cugerkay su san )anepþpþambþitamgerkómrkmfa «ÉgRtÚvEfrkSaxøÜn ena[ )ansuxsb,ay. kñúggmlúgexkkáda qñam1977 ExµrRkhm)anykRbBn nigkunrbs; Lac ni etasmøab;. xn³eblenah Lac ni RtÚvExµrRkhmcab;dak;mnÞIrXMuXaMg. ExµrRkhmeFVIEbbenH edim,ibgáarkum[ Lac ni tv:atametasøab;camyyrbbn kunedr erbahkrniebbenhføab;ekitmancmebahgñkmun²rycmk ehiy. RbBn nigkuntuc²6nak;rbs; Lac ni RtÚvkgQøbdwk tamrethesheta cmenkkunrsic,ggayu13qñameqµah dalida min)anetacamyykñúgrkaenahet erbahcab;efvikargar enaékgcl½t. muneblrtúvcab;xøünmyyéf dalida RtÚv QøbtamehABIkgcl½t[RtLb;mkpÞHvij. éf enah dalida edkenapþhciduncitaenaxaglicsalarsukérbevg. Lac ni niyayfa «enayb;enahkun Gt;edkeT ymtl;pwø ehiyniyayfa minetaet enacamyyyay enacamyy ta. kun dwgxøünfaexµrrkhmyketasmøab;. RBwkeLIg kun RtÚvQøbedjcab;dUcstVRCÚk. kun rt;[ekcyyebjpumi evtnanas;. dalida RtÚvQøbExµrRkhmDubtamkg;yk etasmøab;camyymþaynigb Ún². Lac ni Cab;enAkñúgmnÞIrXMuXaMgGs;ry³eBl2Ex etibexµrrkhmedahelgvij. ecjbikukvij Lac ni )anttyldmnwggmbikarsøab;rbbn nigkuntamg7nak;rbs; Kat;. Lac ni QWcab;ekItTukçrhUtFøak;xøÜnviklcrit ERsk rkkuntamgyb;tamgéf. Lac ni )anbba ak;naeblerkayfa «xyrk,al RkLab;cak;TaMgGs; EpndIeXøgeXøagGs;ehIy mindwglicekitet edimeqirklab;emkcuherkam. edir ERskrkkUnTaMgyb;TaMgéf exijkunekfakunég edirbet kunekebjtamgpumi. RbmaNmYyqñaMeRkayBIRbBn kunrtúvexµrrkhmsmøab; Lac ni RtÚvkmµaPi)alExµrRkhmbgçM[erobkarRbBn fµietot. Lac ni RtÚverobkarrYmCamYyKURskrcMnYn19KU kñúgenahmaneqµah Xun mu:n EdlmanerOgr:avRKÜsardUc Lac ni Edr. erkayeblerobkarrycexµrrkhm)ancemøós Lac ni nigrkúmrküsar «Bukmþay bgb Ún RtÚvEx~rRkhm CemøóseTArs;enAdIxøaj; KWeTAPUmiGagTMuElg nigpumiføúk RtBaMgkñúgRsuksVaydUnEkv extþebafisat;. ExµrRkhm )anniyayr)ab;fa dixøaj;sm,úrrsuv nigepøeqi bu:enþtam BitdIxøaj;CakEnøglt;dM cab;bgçm[mnussefvikary:agf n;f r mcämnðléksarkm<úca 59

62 GaharhUbminRKb;RKan;. myyéf ² exijetmnusssøab; edaysarkgvhcmnigahar efviblkmµhyskmøamg nigcab;yk etasmøab;tamghvúg². erkaykardylrlménrbbexµrrkhmnaqñam1979 Lac ni )anrtlb;mkrsukkmenitvij nig)andwgfa RbBn nigkunmunrbs;kat;rtúvexµrrkhmsmøab;enapumi RkaMgKr. RkaMgKr CakEnøgsnþisuxnigCaTItaMgsmøab;mnusS d¾fmmyyenakñúgrsukérbevg. CnrgeRKaHrab;muWnnak;Edl søab;enarkamgkr minemnsut swgcacncatievotnamet mantamgcncatiexµrnigrbhsgçetotpg. PaBGs;sgÇwm)anRKbdNþb;mkelICIvitrbs; Lac ni rhutmkdl;bc úb,nñenh. etahbicaexµrrkhmbgçm[kat; EsVgrkkarBit-TMB½rRsavRCavrkRKÜsar erobkarrbbn erkayedim,ibmepøcrbbn munk¾eday k¾kat; enaetmingacbmepøc)andedl. GarmµN_rbs; Lac ni enaetvilvl;camyyrsemalgtitkalrbs;kat;. Lac ni bba ak;fa «vakyr[gaenacgfmnas;edlrbbn kunrtúv søab;gs; rs;enaetmñak;ég. eblnarmb kdl;rbbn kun mþg² mangarmµn_hak;duccakun²tamggs;rbs; mk GgÁúyBImux G Ícwg. Lac ni sgçwmfa GarmµN_rbs;Kat;nwg)anFUrRsal eligvijenaeblnaedlmantulakarékracümyycmnmucrmh etasgtitemdwknamexµrrkhm edim,irkyutþifm [RbBn kun rbs;kat; nigcnrgerkahtamglayedl)ansøab;y:ag GyutþiFm erkamrbbexµrrkhm. Lúg dani cemøiysarpabrbs;«buk elaknaykcatirab;gan EtgGanedayykcitþTukdak;ral;TsSnavdþI «EsVgrkkarBit EdlmCÄmNÐlrbs;elak )anecjpsaycaerogral;ex. karganéksartamgenhefvi[ nwkexijnuvesckþiqwcab;\tknnarbs;«bukmþay k¾duc CaRbCaBlrdæExµrdéTeTotEdlRtÚv)at;bg;CIvitedaysarneya)aysahavyg;XñgKYr[ex<ImreGImrbs;GñkdwknaMkm<úCa RbCaFibetyü. fµi²enh )anrsavrcavdwgfa «Buk eqµah Bwg Kims a EdlCaevC bnðitmñak;ena)at;dmbg RtÚv)anBYk]RkidæCn exarexaenhefvitarunkmµrhutdl;søab;enakuktylesøg. CaP½BVsMNagrbs; tamry³ CD rbs;mcämnðlrbs;elak k¾)anrbthexijrubft elxsmáal;02572 RBmTaMgTinñn½yrbs;Kat;mYycMnYndUcCUnP ab;mkcamyyenh. Et min GacrkeXIjÉksarEdlBYkqµaMKukTYlEsøg)anbgçMKat;[sresr sarpab enaheliy. «GaRs½yehtuenH sumelaknayk emtþagnubaøatcyypþl;gtßbtcmøgén cemøiysarpab rbs;«buk edim,igac «EsVgyl;BImUlehtuénmrNPaBrbs;Kat;edayGnueRKaH. sumgrkuntukcamuncmebahgmebid¾sb,úrsfm KYrCaTIeKarBrbs;elak. sumcunbrdl;elak)anttylecakc½y RbesIrEfmeTotkñúgkarRsavRCavcgRkgÉksar]Rkidækmµrbs;CnRbl½yBUsasn_EdlnwgRtÚvykmkkat;eTasnaeBl xagmuxenh. éf TI23 Exmkra qñam2001 s a kusl 60 mcämnðléksarkm<úca

63 Bwg Kims a rubft Bwg Kims a. munéf TI17 Exemsa qñam1975 Bwg Kims a CanaykmnÞIrsuxaPi)alextþ)at;dMbg nig CaRbFanmnÞIreBTüFM)at;dMbg. Bwg Kims a )anttylsbaøabr½tevc bnðitbirkúg):aris RbeTs)araMg.

64 edim,i]btßmökare)ahbum<nigeckcayeday\tkitéfødl;mnþirrsuknigxmuenatutamgrbhracanacrkkm<úca TsSnavdþIcMnYn1000c,ab; Caerogral;elxnwgdak;lk;EtenAkñúgraCFanIPñMeBjb:ueNÑaH myyc,ab;kñúgtémø 7000erol mcämnðléksarkm<úcagmbavnavdl;rdæapi)al mulnifinana nigsafarncnrkb;rub sumcyy]btßmökare)ahbum<psaytssnavdþienh etatamlt PaBEdlGaceFVI)an. Bt man benßmcmebahkare)ahbum<psaytssnavdþiesvgrkkarbit sumemtþatak;tgmkkan;naykmcämnðléksarkm<úca tamturs½bþelx sumgrkun The Documentation Center of Cambodia would like to appeal to governments, foundations and individuals for support of the publication of Searching for the Truth! For contribution, please contact (855) or By Thank you. A magazine of the Documentation Center of Cambodia: Searching for the truth. Number 32, August Funded by the Royal Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Oslo, Norway, Section for the Human Rights and Humanitarian Assistance; the Royal Danish Government; Swedish International Development Co-operation Agency(Sida); and the Royal Netherlands Government, The Hague.