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Átírás

1 (fi.~ UNITED NATIONS ~' ~ NATIONS UNIES CAMBODIA OFFICE OF THE ~ 11 BUREAU DU HAUT COMMISSAIRE HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS "-;:'~-"" Aux DROITS DE L'HOMME AU CAMBODGE $-$~ m$~~~~~ei - ~ -cj... -'" 0 tf ',\ m$~g'i.s~;~g~$:$ro~m$~~g'l.st5~firo~$:$~~~~t5~fi$:$~ n... ~ 44...!I--VG ~ ~ ~ ~ ~,,~ ~ ~ ~:e" ~ COHCHR "AA 0 G~ tigm s.;~ ~OO~..,... ~ G~G~Gi~ unfinitbgmbtmruum~~ut~hmif1mnj1h'tiu~t'1~mmi u "1 unfinitbg leifulbtiju UlBt~9MJBfi~t'1~mmIfJlt9j~91f; mum~'tim1tmmm leifulbut~eitgj~~~rji ~ssm B~ t~ntmiulmmirulrumh~mitlnii~fiulrumm v I v I t~ru "1 unfinitbg Mt~uH'ti~Bmt'1tLULUrutBi~~ t'1~mmi mum~'tirji~ss~hn t~rutt'1rutmgm1tmmmluuint;ft31 UlBtut1JtlJ1m~fIUlmmIrul I t;!m t~rumbijm~t~~m fj!7sm(j(j!!fj7mrfsil[jfgfzjfiffd7t~ruulbnf;rjmrn mmmt~rulnijfib B~1Mmt~ru~Bthu "1 I 1 u I IUlmmIrultBg UlBr;hfitu']fJ1H~finM8t;!mij~B rjnut~mif1mnj1hmmbmittlj~9 t~ru mumf;tgj~ t~hjt~~~bmt'1t'1~mmru~uj~ulb~lutmit9j~ttlht9jei "1 t~mummmbmi,..,alai 0 ~ QQ Q 2gfJ1U~B ~ut31mih~f~buj1u~r1miur2 BUt~g mm~ r1l~~ t'lj~~ru~i~a q1;)'tlnt91mb~fj B u fj1utmg tt1imb~ur1jjumih~ f~8t;!mij~b ~ufjlmir;hfit~g tlnt91mfjlt~h "11mBmIttlJ~tgjei eilhf~mb mitnt LUtm rubttmulm B~ mi truuf~rs BmBUt.@HtgjeirJnu~ rn~r1~mmi "1 V ~ H!ju9iriMlrnt8: wtm8nmrijlmt;!r.um~\:i1t1~81m1 tbiqt:1riii1r;ttgi'il~t;!rn itjrnm8i'il1'ijrnlhrimrunfih~ mb~mlrirgt:1hunt~ 8t1lrirgt1rI1B\:iH n~umh~i'il1tlm1~nmrn8181 '1 n~nmrijlt8: m8lulnnt9itli'ilhhgun m t11umtllnrinrunt:1ntmm tbi nt:1h9jt1tt1rntgtumririiitrnrig lwn 1 1U MtLlnrit:!'rii'ilB lut9mri'\!m i'ilrnni 21y i'il.,, ~\!Joo\!J'1 # 10. Street 302. Sangkat Boeng Keng Kang I. Khan Chamcar Mon. Phnom Penh. Cambodia. Tel: (855) /993590/ or Fax: (855) or cohchr~~online.com.kh Internet:

2 tmnagbiess énelakgkáelxafikarttylbnþúksit imnussenakm<úcasgçwmfa ÉksarBiPakSaenH kmbugmankareconelonetamux nwgsmkal;bikarcab;epþimbipaksakñúgn½ysßabnaenakñúgrbetskm<úca GMBI ekalneya)ayrbhµtnð niglkçxnðénkardak;bn nakar. duccarbetsdétetotedr KWmanEtCnRkIRk etedlrgerkahercincagekbiekalneya)ay nigkargnuvtþn_bc úb,nñenh. elaktmnagbiessecocak;fa spabkarn_bc úb,nñ KWCasPaBkarN_mYy EdleKGaceFVI[RbesIreT,Ig)an nig ecocak;fa ekalneya)aynigkargnuvtþn_rbkbedaymnussfm cmebahgñketaskñúgbn nakm<úca GacnaM[ manrbeyacn_dl;sgámkm<úcatamgmul. bbaðacm,gnana GñkeTaskñúgBn nakarkm<úca mancm WruaMér suxpabcuhexsay xvhxatmðúbgahar Twk niggnam½y EdlenHKWCamUlehtucMbg. cmnyngñketasercineliscmnuhrtúv)anxmuxøüncabenþahgasnñkñúgbn nakarrg;camsvnakar GñkxøHRtÚvCab; XuMXaMghYsry³eBlkMNt; ehiycaeroy² BYkeKCab;ecaTBIbTelµIstUctac. CaerOy² CnCab;ecaTRtÚv)antulakarebIksvnakarkM)aMgmux nigedaykµanemfavikarbaretotpg CaBiess enatambnþaextþnanaénrbetskm<úca. enhkwcakarrmelapy:agf n;f relisit imnuss rbs;gñketas nigcakarrbbwtþkmhusqágf n;f r kñúgkic dmenirkarrbs;tulakar. tamfmµta eksegátexibajmankardak;etasf n; cmebahbtelµistuctac enaxn³edlekgac pþnþaetastamcmerisepsg EdlmanlkçN³smrmüCag. sit ibþwg]t rn_mankmrittictycbmput ebitamkargnuvtþn_cak;esþg. karculsyrsuxtukçgñketas nigbirut Cn edayemfavi smacikrküsar nigggákarsit imnussnanaman karritt,itxøamg. Canic kal BiruT CnRtÚv)aneKdak;[enAlayT,MKñaCamYynwgTN it GñkeTasCaGnItiCnCamYyGñk etascaniticn ehiygñketasburscamyygñketas sþi. 2

3 1- kardak;gñketasercineliscmnuh niggñketas r)aykarn_gmbisßanpabbn nakarénrbetskm<úca RtÚv)anerobcMeT,Ig Ep ktamkarsiksa RsavRCav EdlCaEpñkmYyénkareFVITsSnkic Bn nakary:agetogtat; enakñúgexmina rhutdl;ex kkáda qñam1994 RBmCamYynwgkaresuIbGegátbEnßmeTot rhutdl;exvicäika qñam1994. cmnyngñketaskm<úcatamggs; cmnyngñketas mkra 94 mkra 95 mkra 96 mkra 97 mkra 98 mkra 99 mkra 00 mkra 01 mkra 02 mkra 03 r)aykan_ enhk¾mandak;bba ÚlpgEdr nuvkarrsavrcavmankmnt; etaeligñketascmnyn85 nak; GMBIsPaBkarN_CuMvijkarXuMXaMg niglkçxnðepsg²etot EdlBYkeK)anCYbRbTHenAkñúgBn nakar. r)aykarn_enh)anbgðajfa enakñúgexkbaøa qñam1994 mangñketassrubtamggs; 1981 nak; rymtamggñketas sþicmnyn 93 nak;pgedr RtÚv)aneKdak;Bn nakarsuivilcmnyn24 énrbetskm<úca 2. cab;tamgbieblenah cmnyngñketasmankarekineligcitbidgkw5760 nak; enakñúgextula qñam2002. ebierbóbefobcmnyngñketasetanwggartarbcablrdæedaykitcmnyngñketas kñúgcmenamrbcablrdæ 100/000nak; exijfamankarekineligrbehlbi22 eta 43nak; etahbicatyelxenhmancmnyntab k_eday ebierbobefobetanwgmfümpakkmritbipbelak Edl)an):an;RbmaNKWcMnYn 140 nak; kñúgqñam eyaletaelir)aykarn_edlmantmenaretarkrbfanbn nakarnaeblenah EdlsresrbMepøIscMnYnGñkeTas edim,i)an TTYlfvikarbEnßm duecñhehiycmnynbitr)akd éngñketassrubtamggs; GacmancMnYnticCagenH. 2 ]bkrn_sþibikargpivdæn_ekalkarn_bn nakargnþrcati énmcæmnðlgnþrcati edim,iektmrg;c,ab;rbhµtnðnig ekalkarn_ yutþifm RBhµTNÐ Exkkáda

4 bc úb,nñenh Bn nakarmyycmnyn mandak;gñketasercinhyscmnuh CaBiessKWmCÄmNÐlEk ERbTI1 CC1 Bn nakarextþbnþaymanc½y Bn nakarrkugrbhsihnu nigbn nakarextþkmbg;fm Ca Bn nakar EdlTMhMGb,brimaénkarrs;enArbs;GñkeTasKW1/7m 2 kñúggñketasmñak; tamkarkt; smkal;kñúg qñam1998 TMhMenH)anfycuHmkenARtwm 0/97m 2 kñúggñketasmñak; enakñúgqñam Bn nakarpakercinmanspabcas;rtudertamy:agxøamg. Bn nakarpakercinminmanrbgrwgmam edim,i karbarbrievnbn nakaret,iy. karxvhxatbnþb;xumxamgenaetcabbaðabnþmanrhutmk ehiycatueta bnþb;xmuxamgmanspabtucceg ót b ggitxøamg. GñkeTasxøHRtÚveKdak;[rs;enAtamTIFøa b edktam RckpøÚvedIr xn³edlgñketasdétetot mingaccakecjbibnþb; EdlmanGñkeTaseRcInhYscMNuH enah)anet. GñkeTasRKb;rUbmansiT iecjmkerkabnþb;xmuxamg edim,iykxül;gakasy:agehacnas;k¾ 1 em:agedrkñúgmyyéf 5 b:uenþbbaøtþienh minrtúv)anekgnuvtþtal;etesah CaBiessenABn nakareb:hsiú mcämnðlekerbti1 Bn nakarextþknþal nigbn nakarrkugrbhsihnu 6. kardak;gñketasercinhyscmnuh KWCakarKMramkMEhgdl;suxPaBGñkeTas nam[mankarral dalcmgwqøgekinelig ducca rmas; s<wk nigkarqøgemerakepsg² duccarkunpþasayfm EdleKBinitü exibajmaneraksbaøaenh 14/1 % éngñketassrubkñúgqñam bnþb;twk nigkenøgedkrymkña efvi[gñketasrbqmmuxetanwgbbaðagnam½yf n;f r. kardak;gñketasercinhyscmnuh CaFmµtaKW karbba ÚnGñkeTasBItMbn;EdlBYkeKrs;enA nigkarbnßykarsyrsuxtukçbirkumrkysar EdlnaM[mankar KMramkMEhgteTAeTot dl;gñketaskñúgkarttyl)anmðúbgahar. krnienhtrmuv[mankaredah RsayCabnÞan; cmebahkardak;gñketasercinhyscmnuh. mulehtuedlbnþal[mankarekineligéncmnyngñketas Bn nakarenaetcatmrg;énkarpþnþaetascmebahbtelµispakercin etahbicamancmerisepsg²ca ercinetot EdleKGacykmkeRbIR)as;)ank¾eday k¾cmeristamgenahmintan;)andak;bba ÚleTAkñúg 4 r)aykarn_sþibisßanpabbn nakarqñam2001 edayggákarlikadu qñam Rbkaselx 217 (sþibikarrkb;rkgbn nakar ) marta 7 x 6 Rbkaselx 217 (sþibikarrkb;rkgbn nakar ) marta 7 x 7 sit imnuss nigbn nakarkm<ca³ r)aykarn_suxpabqñam2001 rbs;ggákarlikadu qñam2002 4

5 c,ab;km<úcaenaet,iyet 8. ek)anerbir)as;karpþnþaetaskmritgb,rma edaykarpakbin½y nigkarbüür etas etahbicaminmanekalkarn_ennamcarbb½n smrab;kargnuvtþn_rbs;xøün RtÚv)anerobcM[eTACa c,ab;k¾eday. minmanesvashkmn_ EdlCaCMerIssMrab;CnelµIsCaGnitiCn EdlRbBwtþbTelµIsCa elikdmbugenahet etahbicam nþitulakarpakercin nigrdæapi)alsvakmn_[mankmeragrbeptenh Edl GacCYykat;bnßydl;karcMNayk¾eday 9. cmnyngñketaskñúgbn nakarkm<úca qñam1994 nig qñam2002 ExkBaØa Extula l>r Bn nakar cmnyngñketas srub cmnyngñketas RsþI cmnyngñketas srub cmnyngñketas RsþI 1 T3 bitqñam CC1 ebikqñam CC2 GtIt érbs CC3 GtIt T P.J )at;dmbg bnþaymanc½y kmbg;cam kmbg;qñamg kmbt kmbg;s<w btdæangb,rmarbs; G>s>b sþibi;vifankarénkardak;[enaerkaxmu edayesñi[edahrsaykrnierogrbhµtnðepsg² tam mefüa)aynana²ducca kardak;tnðkmµedaybaküsmdi karbenþjecjedaymanlkçxnð karbin½ycar)ak; karrwbgus karcysculsmngkarxucxat karbüüretas karsakl,g btbba aesvashkmn_ karxumxamgkñúgpþh ehiynigkarbba ÚneTA mcæmnðlrbmulpþúmcaedim. 9 karsiksagmbilt PaB kñúgkarbegáit[mancmerisénkardak;[enaerkaxmucapøúvkar etakñúgrbb½n yutþifm RBhµTNÐénRBH racanacrkkm<úca edaymcämnðlsit imnussggákarshrbcacati qñam tyelxrbs;naykdæanbn nakar RksYgmhaépÞ 11 tyelxrbs;kmµvificmnyyepñkrbhµtnð nigyutþifm enakm<úca (CCJAP). 5

6 12 kmbg;fm knþal ekahkug RkecH mnðlkiri RBHvihar érbevg ebafisat; rtnkiri esomrab RkugRBHsIhnu sþwgertg svayerog taekv sarub * cmnyngñketasraykarn_ mkrtwmexmifuna qñam cmnyngñketasraykarn_mkrtwmexmifuna qñam2002 RbmaNCa 30% éngñketastamggs; mintan;rtúv)antulakarpþnþaetasbibtelµisnamyyenaeliyet BYkeKkMBugsßitkñúgkarXuMxøÜnbeNþaHGasnñrg;caMsvnakar. enhkwcaplvi)akmyyepñkénkic dmenirkarkþi rbs;tulakar EdlmankaryWty:av ehiymyyepñketotkwtulakarkm<úca mantmenaretarkkarbba Ún GñkeTasRtT,b;eTAkEnøgXuMXaMg EdlenHKWCakarGnuvtþn_TUeTAeTAehIy. kargnuvtþn_ebbenh KWpÞúyeTA nwgbtdæangnþrcati nigc,ab;rbhµtnðkm<úcabc úb,nñ EdlEcgy:agc,as;GMBIlkçN³vinicä½y smrab;gnuvtþ cmebahkarxumxøünbenþahgasnñkw ³ :manetecarkmet EdlGacseRmcedaymanEcgmUlehtu [XuMxøÜnCnCab;ecaTkñúgmnÞIrXuMXaMg tamesckþiesñisumrbs;rdægacja ehiymanetkñúgkrniedl)armöxøacerkgcnenahrt;ekcxøünnigedaykµan GVIGac[Fana)anfa CnCab;ecaTR)akdCaRtT,b;mkbgðajxøÜncMeBaHmuxtulakarvij mann½yfasamicn KµankargareFVI KµanRKÜsar KµanTIlMenABitR)akd b edayxøaccncab;ecatenaherbi\t iblelisaksi b elidmenikaresuibgegát. : 6

7 marta14>1 énc,ab;g untak; etahcamanbbaøtiþenhk¾eday k¾kargnuvtþn_cak;esþgekenaetefvimindwgminb CadEdl sum,ietcnedl RtÚv)aneKecaTRbkan;BIbTelµIstUctack¾RtÚv)aneKdak;Bn nakarry³ebld¾yurrg;camsvnakaredr. 2- suxpab kardak;gñketashyscmnuhcaerogrhutmk enakñúgbn nakarkm<úca KWCakarrYmcMENkd¾FMmYy kñúgkarefvi[xucsuxpabgñketas. etahcaduecñhkþi suxpabk¾rtúvttylrgplb:hbal;f n;f rpgedr edaysarmðúbgaharminrkb;rkan; nigtwks at EdlbBaðaTaMgenHmankarERbRbÜltictYc enakñúgry³ebl 8 qñam cugerkayenh. mðúbgahar nig Twk r)aykarn_sþigmbisßanpabbn nakarénrbetskm<úca )anrkexijfa enakñúgqñam1994 man GñkeTasPaKeRcInsßitkñúg }PaBGt;XøanCanic }. kñúgcmenamgñketas Edl)ansÞg;mti mangñketas 78 )ant ÚjEt rfa BYkeKminmanGaharhUbcukRKb;RKan;eT ehiygñketasercincag 60 )anghgag fa karxvhgaharhubcukkwcabbaðafmbmputetmyykt; EdlBYkeKCYbRbTH. sßankarn_enh minmankarpøas; bþúret. fvikarbcaméf smrab;gñketasmñak;² enaet1000erolcadedl ehiyfvikaenhrtúverbir)as;pgedr smrab;tibajgusdut nigsmöar³smrab;damsø. karsiksarsavrcav)anbgðajfa GñkeTasxøHTTYl)anGahar EdlmanCatikaT,ÚrItictYcbMputKWRbmaNCa 1200kaLÚrI kñúgmyyéf ebierbobefobetanwgkmritgahar RbcaMéf CaGb,rmasMrab;mnusSRbuseBBaJv½yKW 2200kaLÚrI. Bn nakarmyycmnyncybrbthkarxvhxattwkcaxøamg rymtamgbn nakarextþbnþaymanc½y RBHvihar nigrkugrbhsihnu. KMeragfµImYyrbs;smaKmBn nakar Prison Fellowship )an begáit]bkrn_ cermahtwkedayxsac; smrab;dak;rkb;bnþb;bn nakar CC1 nig CC2 etahbicaduecñahkþi k¾ekenaetrtúvemil faetimantwkrkb;rkan;smrab;pát;pág;tamfugcermahtwktamgenahenarduvr)amgedrb et. bnþajlutwksmguy RKb;Bn nakarkm<úca TamTar[mankarerobcMeLIgvij edim,iecosvagkarefvi[rkxvk;dl;rbpbtwksmrab; GñkeTaseRbIR)as; ehiyrtúvmanfvikarsmrab;bg;éføtwk EdleRbIR)as;enAkñúgBn nakar. 7

8 esvaebtü r)aykarn_sþibisßanpabbn nakarénrbetskm<úca )ansmkal;exibajfa kñúgexkbaøa qñam1994 RksYgsuxaPi)al {RtÚv)aneKraykarN_fa CaGñkTTYlxusRtÚvkñúgkarpþl;esvaeBTüdl;Bn nakartamg Gs;. etahcaduecñhkþi enakñúgeblefvitssnkic tambn nakarnana ekminexibajmanpsþútagnamyy bgðabajfamanesvakmµenahet,iy{. r)aykarn_enah )anelikeligpgedr GMBIsPaBRTuDeRTaméntY GaKarBn nakar karxvhgnam½y nigkarpþl;kmµkre)assmgatmin)anrkb;rkan; CaktþarYmcMENkdl; karefvi[ { suxpabgñketascuhexsayxøamg { edaysmkal;exibajfa mangñketascaercinnak; { nwg RtÚvsøab;edaysarEtkareFVsRbEhsTaMgenH{. critnigtmhménbbaðasuxpab EdlGñkeTas)aneBalGHGag enakñúgqñam1994 KWmansPaB duckñaesþirettamgrsugnwgeblbc úb,nñenh. enaedimqñam2000 naykdæansuxpabbn nakar RksYg mhaépþ RtÚv)anbegáIteLIg. naykdæanenh )anttylfvikarcaercin tamry³tipñak;gargpivdæn_gnþr Catirbs;GU sþali {AUSAID}. etahcaduecñahkþi erkabikarefvibrgagesovepaennamsþibisuxpabbn nakar nigepnkarsþibishrbtibtþikarrvagrksygmhaépþ nigrksygsuxapi)alecj KWmankargartictYcNas; Edl)aneFVI edim,ibegáinkic KaMBarsuxPaBGñkeTas. GñkeTasPaKeRcInelIslubBwgEp kelicmnyyrbs; GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alnana. enamintan;manekalkarn_ennamc,as;las;enaeliy GMBIkic shrbtibtþikarrvagrksygtamgbir Tak;Tgnwgkarpþl;kic KaMBarsuxPaBdl;GñkeTas. bukálikebtüedlbba Ún[eTAeFVIkarenABn nakar CaerOy²CaGñkEdlmin)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalCMnajRtwmRtÚv ehiyxvhfnfancam)ac;epsg² ducca ]bkrn_muldæansmrab;ebtü fñamebtü nigmefüa)ayefvidmenir. GñkeTasmin)anTTYlkarBinitüsuxPaB CaFmµta enaeblbba ÚncUleTAkñúgBn nakar ehiykmnt;ehtuebtüetotesaf k¾min)anrksatuk[)an Kt;mt;Edr. smpar³smrab;gnam½y nigbgáarcm W enaetmankarxvhxatxøamgcadedl. GñkeTasmansiT i TTYl)ansmÖar³eRbIR)as;CaeTogTat;dUcCa kenþl mug sab U.l. etahcaduecñhkþi smöar³erbir)as; mankmritedlføab;)anpþl;[gñketaskalbi 8 qñamknøgmk bc úb,nñenh RtÚv)ankat;bnßymkenARtwm 8

9 kmrittictyc KWpþl;[EtsMelokbMBak;ÉksNæanBn nakaretb:uenñah. RKÜsarGñkeTas nigggákarerka rdæapi)alnana KWCaRbPBd¾sMxan;énesckþIRtÚvkarCamUldæan duccasab U CaedIm ebikµanvaetnwgbnþal [mancm WesIrEs,kdUcCa rmas; CaedIm. ekmin)andwgc,ab;gmbimulehtuénkarxkxankñúgkarpát;pág; smöar³camuldæantamgenhet,iy k¾b:uenþrbfanbn nakar RtÚveFVIdMeNIrCaeTogTat;mkraCFanIPñMeBj edim,iebikr)ak;smrab;mðúbgahar nigsmöar³epsg² ehiyéføcmnaykñúgkarefvidmenirrtúv)ankat;ecbaj BIfvikarenH. naykdæanmyycmnynrbs;rdæapi)al RtÚv)aneKecaTRbkan;fa)ankat;ykR)ak;CaeRcIn BIxÞg;fvikarTaMgenH edim,ifanadl;karebikr)ak;[)anrh½stan;eblevla. GñkeTassøab;enAkñúgBn nakar nwgrtúvekesuibgegát RbsinebImanehtuplEdleKsgS½yfa mincab;bak;b½n etanwgkarbüa)alebtü kalebic,ab; b btdæangnþrcatitrmúvfa GñkeTasEdlRtÚv Büa)aledayRKÚeBTüÉkeTs RtÚv)anbBa ÚneTAsßab½nÉkeTs b mnþirebtü 12 karenh)anrbrbwtþefvi etacadedl²edaymanpabywty:avbmput enakñúgrbetskm<úca 13. CaFmµta ekbba ÚnGñkeTaseTA mnþirebtü luhrtaetekexijc,as;fa GñkeTasenaHCitsøab;ehIy ebietahbicamuneblbba Ún nigkar ykcitþtukdak;büa)alrtwmrtúv GacCYyse gáahcivitbykekk¾eday. karxvhxatfvikasmrab;dwkcba Ún nigkarxvhgñkyam KWCaehtuplEdleK)anelIkeLIgCajwkjab;. y:agehacnas; mangñketas 48 nak; søab;edaycmgwkñúgqñam kñúgcmenamgñketas 30 nak; Edl)ansøab; kñúgqñam2001 maneqµahkñúgbba IXuMXaMgenAkñúg Bn nakar CC1 GñkeTasRbmaNCa 25 nak; RtÚv)aneKbBa ÚneTAkan;mnÞIreBTünKr)almunIvgS minyur b:unµanenamuneblsøab;. bnþb;smrab;büa)algñketas enamnþirebtüenhmanspabekþaxøamg nigkµangnam½y Tal;EtesaH. EpnkarepÞrmnÞIreBTüenH etamnþirebtümyyetot enakñúgqñam2002 enamintan;dwgr)akd enaeliy. 12 btdæangb,rmaén G>s>b smrab;rkb;rkggñketas cmnuc btdæangb,rmaén G>s>b smrab;rkb;rkggñketas cmnuc 22 9

10 minmankarykcitþtukdak;cabiess cmebahgñketasedlmancmgwegds_ (HIV/AIDS) EdlCa RbePTCMgWmYyeRKaHfñak;bMput. kñúgqñam2001 mangñketasrbmanca 20 nak; RtÚv)aneKraykarN_fa )ansøab;edaymankarbba ak;c,as; b sgs½yfa edaysarcmgwegds_. ekmintan;exibajman ekalneya)aysmrsbnamyy smrab;gñketasedlmancmgwegds_et ehiykrmexibajmankarelik ElgeTas cmebahgñketasedlsßitkñúgdmnak;kalcugerkayéncmgwegds_nas;. GñkeTasPaKeRcIn EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ k¾manekitcmgw»kasniym duccacmgwrebg EdlCaCMgWqøgxøaMgbMput Edlvagay qøgetagñketasdétetotenakñúgbn nakar. 3- karrkb;rkgbn nakar r)aykarn_sþigmbisßanpabbn nakarénrbetskm<úca )anbriyaygmbikarrkb;rkgbn nakar km<úcafaca {rebobrkb;rkghyssm½y EdlbegáItPaBsµúKsµaBaJedayxøÜnÉg>>>CaRbB½n myyedlnam mknuvbbaðacaercinmingacecosput duccatmnak;tmngminl CaTUeTA nigpát;pág;dl;bn nakar silfm rbs;m nþibn nakarenamankmrittab RBmTaMgmin)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþalRKb;RKan; :. EpñkmYycMnYnénkarRKb;RKgBn nakarmankarrikcmerin. mankarebgeckdac;bikñarvagesva Bn nakar nignkr)al EdlkñúgenaH RbFanBn nakarminefvir)aykarn_etasñgkarrgnkr)almuldæan etotet. kariyal½ykic kartulakar nigbn nakarextþ¼rkúg bc úb,nñenh sßitenaerkamkarrkb;rkg edaypþal;bigpi)alrgti2 extþ¼rkug. erkabienh mankarpþücepþimkmnit edim,ibegáinsmtßpabdl; m nþibn nakar rymtamgtamry³kmµvifirtrtg;tulakar (JMP) rbs;kariyal½y]tþmsñgkarg>s>b TTYlbnÞúksiT imnussrbcamenakm<úca nigtamry³kmµvificmnyyepñkrbhµtn nigyutþifm enakm<úca (CCJAP). etahcaduecñahkþi k¾enamanbbaðaf n;f rbnþmanenakñúgvis½ycaercin rymmannitivifihirbaøvtßú Edl manplb:hbal;y:agxøamgdl;suxpab nigsuxmalpabgñketas bbaðatmnak;tmngmankarywtya:v nig efvi[karrkb;rkgbn nakarmanpabsµúksµabaj bbaðar)ak;ebovtsr_tab lkçxnðkargar nigsmtßpab rbs;m nþibn nakar enaetbnþmancabbaðadedl. 10

11 mefüa)aydwkcba Ún bbaðafmmyy kñúgcmenambbaðafm²détetot EdlesvaBn nakarkm<úcakmbugcybrbth KWkarxVH mefüa)aydwkcba ÚnGñkeTas. CaerOy² tulakarelikeblsvnakar k¾erbahetgñketasmingacmkculrym)an. bbaðaenh begáinbnþúkdl;karxumxøünbenþahgasnñ nignam[mancmnyngñketasercinhyscmnuhkñúgbnþb;xmuxamg. kñúgkrniepsgetot tulakarebiksvnakarkm)amgmux EdlenHKWCakarrMelaPelIsiT icncab;ecatkñúg karmanvtþmankñúgsvnakarrbs;xøün. riégñketasedlcasaksikñúgkrniepsgetot k¾krmexijman vtþmanedim,ipþl;cmeliy nigedim,i[tulakarsyredbajedalpgedr. bbaðaenhmanspabf n;f rcabiess enaebledlrtúvbba ÚnGñkeTaseTAcUlrYmkñúgsvnakar enasala]t rn_ nigtulakarkmbul. tulakartamgenh tamgenaracfanipñmebj duecñahehiyekrtúvefvi dmenirpøúvq ay nigrtúvcmnayéføefvidmenirx<s; cmebahgñketasenatambnþaextþnana. GñkeTasxøHRtÚv cmnayeblercinqñam rg;camsvnakarenasala]t rn_ ehiyry³eblenhminrtúv)anektutat;sgvibajet RbsinebIBYkeKRtÚv)anelIkElgecaTRbkan;Caykfaehtu. karrbüy)armöenaetman GMBIGñkeTasEdl rg;camsvnakarenasala]t rn_ ehiyedl)anbmebbajry³ebletas Edltulakarextþ¼Rkug)ansMercrYc ehiy KWenAEtbnþCab;Bn nakarrhuttal;etsala]t rn_ebiksvnakar b elikelgkarecatrbkan;. ekgacefvi[mankarrikcmerincadmkmpyn nigqanetarkkarlubbm)at;bbaðatamgenh)an edaybegáit[man sala]t rn_fñak;tmbn; b sala]t rn_cl½t. CaerOy² mulehtucmbgénkarxvhmefüa)aydwkcba Ún KWbBaðafvikasMrab;cMNayelIeRbg\nÞn³ ehiycynkaléføcylrfynþ nigr)ak;benßmelir)ak;]btßmörbcaméf smrab;bukálikbn nakar kñúgkaryamkam enaebldwkcba ÚnGñkeTas k¾duccakarbinitütulakarnana RbB½n dwkcba ÚnGñkeTasenATUTaMgRbeTskm<úCa RtÚvEtbegáIteLIg nigcat;tukcakarrbbajab;. 11

12 sßanpabdwkcba Ún k¾gacmanplb:hbal;cacmbgpgedr dl;suxpabrbs;gñketas duc)an kt;smkal;xageli GñkeTasEdlmanCMgWF n; ekkrmnwgbba ÚneTAmnÞIreBTüNas; luhrtaetgñkcmgwenah Citsøab;eTIbeKbBa Ún. 4- karkmramkmehgdl;suvtßipabgñketas karmin)anbmebkgñketastam Gayu ept nig btelµis btbbaøtþicabtdæangb,rmasmrab;karrkb;rkggñketasecgfa { cmebahmnþirxumxamgedlttyl yktamggñketasrbus niggñketasrsienah brievnsmrab;dak;gñketasrsirtúvetenadac;edayelkbikña Cadac;xat ehiygñketasekµg² {yuvetaskr {RtÚvdak;[enAdac;edayELkBIGñkeTaseBjv½y{ 14. duc CaenAkñúgqñaM1994 btbbaøtþitamgenh krmmanekgnuvtþtamnas;enabn nakarnana erkaracfaniipñmebj. etahbicatamfmµta GñkeTasRbus niggñketasrsi manbnþb;xmuxamgepsgkñakþi k¾enaeblecbajmkxag erkabnþb; BYkeKGacenAlayT,MKñaedayesrI ehiygñketasekµg² {yuvetaskr { CaerOy² RtÚv)aneK dak;[enacamyygñketasebjv½y 15. mankarxitxmtictycb KµanTal;EtesaH edim,ibmebkecbajbikñarvag GñkRbRBwtþbTelµIstUctac niggñkrbrbwtþbt]rkidæ b GñkCab;XuMXaMgbeNþaHGasnñrgcaMsvnakarBITNÐit EdlenHCakarERbkøayBn nakarkm<úcaetacasala]rkidækmµmyyd¾manrbsit PaBsMrab;ekµg² niggñkedl gayttylrgerkah. enaeblcamyykñaenhedr manplvi)akcatueta edaysarkµangakarrkb;rkan;smrab; dak;gñketas kardak;gñketas[enalaylmkña k¾gacbegáit[mangmebirmelapf n;f r CaBiesskarrMelaP bmbanxagpøúvepteli sþi. karmin)anpþnþaetas cmebahkarefvitarunkmµ niggmebiexarexa GmnusSFm nigedlnam[ )at;bg;tmélcamnuss krnipakercinedl)anraykarn_ Tak;TgnwgkareFVITaruNkmµ nigkardak;tnðkmµ kñúgrubpab exarexa GmnusSFm nignam[)at;bg;tmélcamnuss ekitmanenakenøgxumxamgrbs;nkr)al b:uenþ]b,tþi ehtuenh k¾ekitmanpgedr enakñúgbn nakarnana. ebitamkarsþg;mtiefvieligsmrab;r)aykarn_sþibi sßanpabbn nakarenarbetskm<úca mancncab;ecat 46% )anghgagfa xøün)anttylrgedaykarefvi 14 btbbaøtþicabtdæangb,rmasmrab;karrkb;rkggñketas cmnuc 8 15 bbaðakgvl;catuetamyycmnynenakñúgbn nakar/ kariyal½y]tþmsñg G>s>b TTYlbnÞúksiT imnussrbcamenakm<úca qñam

13 TaruNkmµ 65% edaykarvaydm 52% edaykarxumxamg[enaéekadac;biek ehiy 25% etoteday karbba a[efviblkmµhyskmnt; TukCakardak;TNÐkmµxagvin½y. r)aykarn_caercin)anbgðajfa karefvitarunkmµenakñúgbn nakargacmankarfycuh cab;bi qñam1994mk EdlenHCaninñakarmYyKYr[sVaKmn_. etahbicaduecñhkþi k¾ekkt;smkal;exibajehtukarn_ TaMgenH enaetbnþekitmancadedl ehiykarrbüy)armöbmputenahkw minmancnnamñak;rtúv)anpþnþaetas cmebahbtelµisenhet,iy cab;biebledlkariyal½ysit imnussrbcamenakm<úca )ancab;epþimkargarxøam emilbn nakarkm<úca 16. krniénkarpþnþaetasekitmancaelikdmbug kñúgexsiha qñam2002 enaebledl qµambnþnakarcmnyn 5 nak; RtÚv)aneKecaTRbkan;fa)aneFVIkarvaydMGñkeTasy:agF n;f r erkayebledl GñkeTas)anBüayamrt;eKecBaJBIBn nakar. etahbicamanpsþútagcak;c,as; GMBIkMhusrbs;BYkeKkþI k¾qµambn nakartamgenah RtÚv)antulakarelIkElgkarecaTRbkan;Edr. sumemil EpñkxageRkam. karefvitarunkmµ exarexa GmnusSFm nignam[xuctmélcamnussenakñúgbn nkarbc úb,nñenh TMngCamanCab;Bak;B½n ya:gxøamgetanwgbtelµisxagvin½y ehiycabiess KWkarb:unb:grt;eKcecjBI Bn nakar. mankardak;tnðkmµtamtmenigcitþ rymmankarvaydmya:gf n;f r kardak;kmhitelimðúb Gahar nig Twk kardak;exñah nigkarerbir)as;bnþb;tuc nigrtugd¾ceg ótdac;biek. karerbir)as;vifibgçamgelirubkayedayxusc,ab; tamkarsþg;mti Edl)aneFVIeLIgsMrab;r)aykarN_sþIBIsßanPaBBn nakarenarbetskm<úca mancncab;ecat 40% )anraykarn_bikarerbivifibgçamgelirubkay manduccakardak;exñah Cakardak; TNÐkmµ. karerbir)as;vifidak;exñah KWCakarrMelaPeTAelIbBaØtþiCabTdæanGb,rmasMrab;karRKb;RKg GñkeTas ehiynigc,ab;g untak;marta12. karerbir)as;vifibgçamgelirubkay erkabikardak;exñahéd EdlGnuBaØatsMrab;EtkardwkCBa ÚnGñkeTasenaH KWminGacTTYlyk)anCadac;xat. enaxn³edl bbaðaenhhak;mankarfycuh Bn nakarxøhenaminrbmlhbg;karerbiexñahéd exñahecig nigvifibgçamgeli 16 enamunexsiha qñam2002 karpþnþaetas EdleK)andwgCacugeRkay etaelim nþibn nakar BIbTeRbIGMeBITaruNkmµ KWenAkñúgqñaM 1993 kalenahgnurbfanbn nakarextþ)at;dmbg RtÚv)anb:UluIsG untak;cab;xøün ehiy)anpþnþaetasbibterbiigmebihwgsa rymmankarcggñketascab;etanwgedimeqi ehiyykedkekþadutbykek. m nþibn nakarrubenah RtÚv)anpþnÞaeTasdak;Kukry³ eblmyyqñam etahbicaekmin)andwgfa etaskukenahrtúv)anekgnuvtþedrb et. 13

14 rubkayepsgetot EdlmincaM)ac; CaviFankardak;vin½y b RKan;EtCakarCMnYs[viFankarBRgwgsnþisux Fmµtab:ueNÑaH. Ca]TahrN_ naeblfµi²enh mankrnigñketas 5 nak; RtÚv)aneKdak;exñaHeCIgenA kñúgbn nakar CC3 kñúgbak;knþalqñam2002 CaTNÐkmµsMrab;karb:unb:geKcxøÜnecBaJBIBn nakar. GMeBIhwgSakñúgcMeNamGñkeTas r)aykarn_sþigmbisßanpabbn nakarenarbetskm<úca )anrkexijfamangñketas60% )an GHGagfa minmankarerbigmebihigsacadumkmpyn enakñúgcmenamgñketaset. etahcay:agnak¾eday k¾ bc úb,nñenh manr)aykarn_caercin GMBIqµaMBn nakar nigm nþibn nakardétetot )anepþrgmnacxagkar dak;vin½y[etagñketasmyycmnynedlbykekculcitþ. tamfmµta GñkeTasmñak; b ercinnak;rtúv)ancat; [emilkarxusrtúvtambnþb; ehiygñketasenaherbir)as;tynatienh edim,icmritykmðúbgaharnigsmöar³ erbir)as;epsg²bigñketasdétetot RBmTaMgsMercdak;TNÐkmµtamGMeBIcitþcMeBaHkarRbRBwtþbMBan Edl ek)andwg. karrbrbwtþkmhustuctacducca karceckkñaerkayebléf lic GacnigRtÚvTTYlkarvaydM ehiycabiess GñkeTascMNUlfµI KWCamuxsBaØaénkarvayRbharCaRbB½n. enakñúgkrnif n;f rpakercin m nþibn nakar)anennamgñketas[efvitnðkmµcmebahbtelµisfm² duccakarrt;ekcxøünecbajbibn nakar. kñúgqñam1998 enabn nakarextþérbevg mangñketasmyyrkumrymtamg {embnþb;xmuxamg} pgedr )anvay søab;gñketasmñak;kñúgbnþb;camyykña ehiy)anbgárbyssñamf n;f r dl;gñketasdétetot y:agticnas; k¾ 4 nak; bnþab;bimankarb:unb:grt;ekcecbajbibnþnakarenah. qµambn nakarrtúv)anekraykarn_fa manvtþmannaeblenahedr. krnisakl,g³ karcmnmucmrhbtefvitarunkmµenaextþkmbg;cam kalbiéf TI13 ExFñÚ qñam1999 mangñketas5 nak; enabn nakarextþkmbg;cam)anelatepøahrbg kñúgkarbüayamrt;ekcecbajbikuk b:uenþrtúv)ancab;xøünmkvijenaeblpøam²enahedr ehiy)annamxøünrtt,b; etakan;brievnbn nakarvibaj. tamkarbmpøwbigñketasdétetot nigcnrgerkahpþal;)an[dwgfa enaebl enahgñketastamg 5 nak; RtÚvqµaMBn nakarvaydmya:gf n;f r. mankarghgagfa karvaydmenhefvielig enacmebahmuxm nþibn nakar rymtamgrbfanbn nakar nigm nþiebtübn nakarpgedr ehiygñketascaercin nak;epsgetot )anexibajehtukarn_enhya:gc,as;. karefviebbenhkwmanekalbmngdak;tnðkmµpg 14

15 nigefvi[mankarragcalpg. CnrgeRKaHTaMg 5 nak;enah RtÚv)aneKvaydMya:geRcIn edaydgcbb kmnat;eqi ehiygñkxøhrtúvekdal; Tat;Fak; TH b vayk,aledaydumfµ. y:agticnas;k¾mancnrgerkah 2 nak;edr )anghgagfa xøünrtúv)anmnþirbüa)albn nakar bdiesfminttylbüa)alcm W mñak;manry³ebl 2 éf ehiymñak;etotmanry³ebl 1 s)þah_. ry³ ebl2s)þah_bnþab;bikarvaydm CnrgeRKaHTaMg5nak;enaHRtÚv)aneKGHGagfa RtÚveKedaHsMelok bmbak;gs;tuketexakñúg nigdkhutykkenþl PYy nigmug. GñkxøH)anGHGagfa RtÚveKkat;bnßy rbbmðúbgahar ehiyrtúv)anekdak;[enakñúgbnþb;xmuxamg 24 em:agkñúgmyyéf EdlenHKWCakarrMelaP elibtbba abn nakar ehiykarrmelapebbenh ekitmanya:gticnas;k¾ry³ebl 1 Ex EdrbnÞab;BIkar vaydmrycmk. karbg t;min[guttwk bnþal[gñkxøhekitcmgwesires,k. enaebledlggákarsit imnuss erkardæapi)al likadu )anefvikarsmöasn_myyexbnþab;bikarvaydm eksegátexibajfakñúgcmenamcn rgerkahtamg5 nak; mancnrgerkah 4 nak; enaetmandme)a nigsñamrbyscaercinkenøgenaragkay ehiy CnrgeRKaHmñak;eTotmankarlM)akkñúgkaredIr. kñúgex siha qñam2000 qµambn nakar 5 nak; RtÚv)anecaTRbkan;BIbTrMelaPelIsiT ibukál tam marta57 énc,ab;g untak; EdlhamXat;kareFVITaruNkmµ nigkarrmelapepsg²etaelisiti CnCab;XuMXaMg niggñketas. btelµismcäwmenh RtÚvpþnÞaeTasdak;;Bn nakarbi1qñam eta 5qñaM. cab;tamgbimankarecat Rbkan;mk y:agehacnas;k¾manqµambn nakar2nak;edr )ansmulaqb;bikargar. qµambn nakarmñak; )an GHGagenAkñúgkMNt;ehtusaksYrrbs;ecARkmesuIbGegátfa xøün)anefvikarvaydmenhtambba arbs; RbFanBn nakar. CnsgS½y 3 nak;epsgetot )anbnþbmerikargarcaqµamenabn nakarextþkmbg;cam CadEdl. kalenahrbfanbn nakar minrtúv)antulakarecatrbkan;et ehiyrtúv)anefvikarpøas;bþúr etakan;muxdmengfµi. etahbicabidmbug ekerkagebiksvnakarenacugqñam2001 nig mansmnumbrmþgehiymþgetot BIkariyal½ysiT imnussg>s>brbcamenakm<úca nigrkumggákarsit imnussdétetotk¾eday k¾enaetminman karkmnt;;kalbriec TCak;lak;sMrab;ebIksvnakarenHEdr. kalbiexmifunaqñam2002 elaktmnagbiess )ancybcamyyrbfan nig RBHraCGaCJaGmtulakarextþkMBg;cam ehiy)anelikelig GMBIbBaðayWty:av 15

16 hysebld¾yurminebiksvnakar. bnþab;bikarcybbipaksaenhmk tulakar)ankmnt; ykéf TI30 ExsIha qñam2002 smrab;ebiksvnakar. enakñúgeblsvnakar GñksegátkarN_énkariyal½ysiT imnussg>s>b RbcaMenAkm<úCa )an kt;smkal;exijfa PsþútagEdl)anbgðajenAkñúgtulakar BitCaRKb;RKan;GaceFVIkarpþnÞaeTas)an b:uenþtulakarenaetsmercelikelgkarecatrbkan;dl;cncab;ecattamg5nak;enah. etahbicaduecñahkþi tulakar)anbgáab;[dak;tnðkmµepñkrdæ)al dl;cncab;ecattamgenah esckþismerctmngcattylsáal; karttylxusrtúvrbs;cncab;ecatenakñúgkrnienh. ecarkmcmnmucmrhmin)anpþl;yutþikmµnamyy eta eliesckþismercenhet. enaxn³eblenahedr CnCab;ecaTTaMg 3 nak; kñúgcmenambykek bnþefvikar garcafmµtaenabn nakarenah. 5- karkmramkmehgdl;sit irsbc,ab;rbs;gñketas karxumxøünhysnitivifi :ry³eblxuxamgbenaþahgasnñ etahsßitkñúgkrninak¾eday minrtúv[hysbibynexet. b:uenþtamkarsmerc EdlmanEcgmUlehturbs;ecARkm ry³eblenhgacbnþdl;r)ammyyex RbsinebI mankarcam)ac;smrab;esuibgegát>>>: marta 14>4 énc,ab;g untak; r)aykarn_sþibisßanpabbn nakarenarbetskm<úca )anrkexijfa kñúgqñam1994 man18 % éngñketasedl)ansþg;mtisßitenakñúgkarxumxøünbenþahgasnñelisry³ebl6ex. GñkeTas2nak; )annigkmbugrg;camsvnakargs;ry³ebl9qñam. etahbicakrnihysehtuenhrtúv)ankat;bnßyk¾eday k¾karxumxøünhysnitivifienaetcabbaðaf n;f r nigekþakkukenatmbn;myycmnynkñúgrbets. rhutmktl;éf TI31Exkkáda qñam2002 manbirut Cn 205 nak; RtÚv)anXuMxøÜnhYsnitiviFI enabn nakar 3 kenøgkñúg RbeTskm<úCa 150nak; enamnþirekerbti1/ 37 nak; enamnþirekerbti2 nigman 18 nak;etotena Bn nakarextþbnþaymanc½y srubmancmnynrbmanca 3/5 % éncmnyngñketastamggs;enatutamg RbeTs. elisbienhetaetot bbaøtþiedlkmnt;ry³eblgtibrmaénkarxumxøünbenþahgasnñ 4 Ex ehiygacbnþ)anelisbienh cmebahkrnielikelgmyycmnyn CaFmµtaeKmin)aneKarBtamenaHeT 16

17 KWkMNt;ykedayKµankarEkERb nuvry³ebl6ex efvicaniyam. mulehtuénkarxumxøünhysnitivifirymman krnierogercinkksþhenatulakar karxvhmefüa)aydwkcba ÚnenABn nakar nigecarkúmesuibgegátmankar ywty:av kñúgkarbba b;karesuibgegát. ebitamkarghgagrbs;rbhracgacja )an[dwgfa CaerOy² nkr)altamtar[efvikarecatrbkan;bibtrbhµtnð edaymin)anpþl;psþútag RKb;RKan;eT,Iy Edlkar enhefvi[tulakarmankarraerkkñúgkarkmnt;kalbriecätebiksvnakar. cmnyngñkcab;xumxamgbenþahgasnñ mankarekinelig edaykµanemfavikarbar CaBiessBn nakar enatambnþaextþnana. GñkeTasmYycMnYnkMBugrg;caMesckþIsMercBIsvnakar Edl)anebIkCayUrmk ehiy. kariyal½ysit imnuss G>s>b RbcaMenAkm<úCa )anttyldmnwggmbikrnimyycmnyn EdlGñkeTas )annigkmbugrg;camesckþismercbitulakar kñúgerogkþirbs;xøüngs;ry³eblcagmyyqñammkehiy. karmin)andak;birut Cn nig TNÐit[enAdac;edayET,kBIKña btbbaøtþicabtdæangb,rmasmrab;karrkb;rkggñketas)anecgfa kñúgrkb;krnitamggs; :BiruT CnRtÚvEtdak;[enAdac;edayELkBITNÐit : 17. kargnuvtþn_ebbenh minedlmanetenakñúgrbets km<úca ehiycmnyngñkcab;xumxamgbenþahgasnñmanrbman 30 % éncmnyngñketastamggs;rtúv)anek dak;[enalayt,mkñacamyytnðit. kalbieblfµi²enh mankic xitxmrbwgerbgmyyefviet,igenabn nakar RkugRBHsIhnu edim,idak;gñketastamgbirrkumenh [enadac;edayet,kbikña Etbc úb,nñrtúvbbaäb;etavij edaysarcmnyngñketasmankarekineligercin 18. GvtþmanenAeBlebIksvnakar edaysarkarxvhmefüa)aydwkcba ÚnGñkeTas etibcynkalbirut CnminGacmkcUlrYmkñúgsvnakar rbs;xøün)an. kñúgkrnitamgenh CnCab;ecaTRtÚv)antulakarebIksvnakar edaykm)amgmux EdlCakar rmelapetaelisit icamuldæanrbs;bykek kñúgkarttyl)annuvkarcmnmucmrhrbkbedaypabrtwmrtúv. CagenH etaetot mantnðitcaercinnak; CaBiessenAtMbn;dac;Rsy:almYycMnYn RtÚv)aneKraykarN_fa min)an bgðabajxøüntamkalbriecätebiksvnakarenasala]t rn_ nigtulakakmbulet,iy. enakñúgkrnipakercin 17 btbbaøtþicabtdæangb,rmasmrab;karrkb;rkggñketas cmnuc 8 18 r)aykarn_tamkalkmnt; sþibibn nakarrbs;kariyal½y]tþmsñgkar G>s>b TTYlbnÞúksiT imnussrbcamenakm<úca ExmIna qñam

18 GñkeTasTaMgenH b RKYsarrbs;eKRtÚv)anesñI[ecjéføeFVIdMeNIrpÞal;xøÜn nigéføqñülgñkyambibn nakar EdlXMuxøÜnBYkeKeq<aHeTAraCFanIPñMeBj. éføqñültamgenh KYrEtCabnÞúkrbs;Bn nakarcagñkttylxusrtúv elikarecbajcmnay EdltMélenaHGaceRcInCag 100 duløargaemrik smrab;karefvidmenirbiextþq ay². karculrymsvnakarkñúgsmelokbmbak;cagñketas GñkeTasEdleKbBa ÚneTAtulakar CaerOy²sßitkñúgsMelokbMBak;CaGñkeTas EdlenHKWCakar rmelapeliekalkarn_énkarsnµt;camunfakµanetas. enakñúgqñam2001 RbFannaykdæanBn nakar )an ecjesckþiennammyycalaylkçgksr epjircunrbfanbn nakartamggs; sþibikarpþl;smelokbmbak;suivil [GñkeTas. etahcaya:gnak¾eday esckþiennamenh enamintan;)angnuvtþenakñúgkrnipakercin. karxumxamgry³eblkµankmnt;rg;camsvnakarenasala]t rn_ GñkeTasRtÚvEtsßitenAkñúgBn nakar rg;camsvnakarenasala]t rn_ etahbicabnþwg]t rn_ efvieligedayrbhracgacja b edaygñketasxøünégkþi. edaysarsvnaenasala]t rn_gusbnøayebl evlaevgebk etibmangñketascaercin EdlkrNIrbs;xøÜnCab;bNþwg]T rn_ enaetbnþcab;xumxamgetah bicaetasrbs;xøünrtúv)anbmebjcb;sbvrkb;ehiyk¾eday. enhcabbaðacmbgedlefvi[gñketasmankar raerkkñúgkarefvibnþwg]t rn_ ehiyenakñúgkrnixøhbbaðaenh)ancmrubaj[gñketas BüayamdkbNþwg]T rn_ rbs;xøünvij edim,i)ancakecbajbibn nakar. karminekarbbtbba abn nakar naykdæanbn nakar ecjbtbba aedayet,kcaercin etakan;bn nakarepsg²kña enatutamgrbets km<úca riérbfanbn nakark¾ecjnuvbtbbaøtþipþal;xøünpgedr. kariyal½y]tþmsñgkar G>s>b TTYlbnÞúk sit imnussrbcamenakm<úca )anrkexijfa EpñkxøHénbTbBaØtþiTaMgenaH minrsbtambtdæangnþrcati b Rbkas nignitivifibn nakarenahet. Ca]TahrN_Rbkar 9 énbtbba abn nakar CC1 pþl;sit i[rbfan Bn nakarerbir)as;gavufenaeblna EdlKat;yl;fa CasßanPaBcaM)ac;. RbkarenH manpabminrsbkña CamYyRbkaselx 217 sþibikarrkb;rkgbn nakar EdlEcgGMBIkal³eTs³BiessmYycMnYn Edl 18

19 ekgnubaøat[erbir)as;gavuf)an 19. mankarxvhxatpgedr nuvkargnuvtþn_esckþiennamrbs;rksygbak;b½n EdlTak;TgnwgbBaðaBn nakar. esckþiennam b btbba amyycmnynecjedayfñak;rksygetagacjafr Bn nakar b m nþirdæapi)albak;b½n b:uenþcak;esþgekkrmexibajmankargnuvtþn_tamnas;. 6-karcUlsYrsuxTukçGñkeTasenAkñúgBn nakar elaktmnagbiess kariyal½ysit imnussg>s>brbcamenakm<úca nigggákarsit imnusserka rdæapi)alkñúgrsukcaercin )ansmedgnuvkgvl;rbs;xøün GMBInitiviFIRKb;RKgkarcUlsYrsuxTukGñkeTas enakñúgbn nakar. TsSnkic etakan;bn nakar RtÚv)aneKEckecBaJCabIRbePTFMKW³ karsyrsuxtukçedayrkumrkysargñketas r)aykarn_sþibisßanpabbn nakarenarbetskm<úca )anrkexijfa karsþg;mti)ankmnt;ca mfümpak KWmankarcUlsYrsuxTukGñkeTas 2 dgkñúgmyyexsmrab;gñketasmñak;². karsyrsuxtukç GñkeTasBIRkumRKÜsar nigmitþp½kþ KWCakarsMxan;;xøaMgNas;sMrab;GñkeTas minrtwmetcacmnyyxagpøúvcitþ b:uenñahet EfmTaMgCYypþl;mðÚbGahar nigsmpar³cam)ac;epsgetot nigcyy[bykekvilrtt,b;mkrymrs; enakñúgsgámvij enaebl)anbmebjetascb;sbvrkb;. c,ab;trmúvfa GñkeTasRKb;rUbmansiTÞiTTYl)an karsyrsuxtukçbirkumrkysar b mitþp½kþ ry³eblmyyem:agcagb,brmakñúgmyys)þah_ 20. bbaøtþienhrtúv)an emilrmlgcarbb½n. tamkargnuvtþcak;esþg RkumRKYsarGñkeTasPaKeRcInGac)ancUlsYrsuxTukç ercin Cag 15 natibnþickñúgmyys)þah_. karculsyrsuxtukçgñketasritetmankarlm)akefmetot cmebahrkum RKYsarEdlmansac;BaJatiCab;XuMXaMgenABn nakar q aybilmenadæanrbs;xøün. sßanpabebbenh ekitman CaTUeTA²ehIy BIeRBaHGñkeTasRtÚv)aneKbBa ÚneTAkan;Bn nakarepsg²enatutamgrbets kñúgkic xitxm RbwgERbgkat;bnßybBaðadak;GñkeTaseRcInhYscMNuH enakñúgbn nakarmyycmnyn. 19 Rbkaselx217 sþibikarrkb;rkgbn nakar marta 7BEcgfa :minrtuverbir)as;gavuf elikelgetkñúgkrnimingac ecosvag)an duccakúñgkic sv½ykarbar b kic karepsgetotedlsßitkñúgkal³ets³ ductetaenh ³ kñúgkrnimankarkmramkmehg dl;gayucivit b rbysf n;f r edim,itb;sáat;btelµisf n;f rbak;b½n nwgkarkmramkmehgdl;gayucivit edim,itb;sáat;karrt;ekcxøün kñúgkrniedlkarerbir)as;mefüa)aytictyc mingacefvieta)an nigkñúgkarkarbarcnnamñak; EdlTTYlkarKMramkMEhgdl; GayuCIvit bgáeligedaygñketasedlkmbugrt;ekcxøün :. 20 Rbkaselx 217 sþibikarrkb;rkgbn nakar marta 7B. 19

20 etahbicagacetadl;bn nakarenahk¾eday k¾enamankarlm)akcaercinedr. Bn nakarxøh minman TIkEnøgsmrmüsMrab;RkumRKYsarGñkeTas ehiykarsyrsuxtukçefvieligenaerag)ay b mnþirbüa)alrbs; Bn nakar. enakñúgqñam1994 manbnþnakarcaercinbdiesfcajwkjab; nuvsit iculsyrsuxtukçbirkumrkysar facavifankardak;vin½ydl;gñketas. bbaðaedlf n;f rbmputenah KWmankarekIneLIg cab;tamgbiqñam1994 nuvgmebibukrlyybak;b½n etanwgkarculsyrsuxtukçbirkumrkysargñketas. qµam nigm nþibn nakar CaerOy² )ansmu[rkumrküsargñketasbg;r)ak;cafñúrnwgkargnubaøat[culsyrsuxtukç. tamfmµta ektamtar[ bg;r)ak;ya:gercin enaeblculsyrsuxtukçgñketaselikdmbug nigkarculsyrsuxtukçgñketasenaéf Edl KµankarGnuBaØatCapøÚvkar. GMeBIBukrlYyekItmanpgEdr enaebledlrkumrkysarmanbmngepjireta[ GñkeTasnUvmðÚbGahar Twk fñamebtü nigsmpar³cam)ac;epsgetot. karculcybgñketasedayemfavikarbarkþi enakñúgqñam1994 Bn nakarxøhxvhtikenøgsmrmüsmrab;emfavikarbarkþi edim,icybkunkþirbs;xøün Edl nam[gñketasminmantmnukcitþetaelikarsmgat;rbs;xøünenakñúgkarbierkaheyabl;. emfavikarbarkþi k¾)an t ÚjEt rpgedrfa m nþibn nakaretgetraramgdl;karcylcybkunkþirbs;xøün kardak;kmhiteblevla b kar trmuv[smukargnubaøatbenßmbirksygmhaépþ. TsSnkic etakan;bn nakar edayggákarshrbcacati nigggákarerkardæapi)al kariyal½ysit imnuss G>s>b RbcaMenAkm<úCa nigggákarerkardæapi)al )annigkmbugcybrbthkar lm)aky:agxøamg nigercinefmetot kñúgkarsmukargnubaøatculsyrsuxtukçgñketas nigkarculbn nakarena kñúgkrnimyycmnyn. sßanpabbibn nakarmyy etabn nakarmyyetot manpabxuskñaya:gxøamg edaykar culbn nakarxøh mankarkmnt;ya:gtwgetgtamglkçxnð TaMgeBlevlaEdlGnuBaØat niggacculbinitü tambnþb;xumxamg)an. karculcybgñkcab;xumxamgbenþahgasnñ GacGnuBaØateTA)an luhrtaetmanlixit GnuBaØatCalaylkçGkSrBIecARkm b RBHraCGaCJaBak;B½n ehiyedllixitenah ekbi)aktak;tgsmuxøamg Nas;. ebitamesckþiraykarn_ KWxVHkic shrbtibtþkarbismnak;m nþibn nakarmyycmnyn ]TahrN_ duccaenaextþsvayerog. ekmingnubaøat[efvismöasn_edaypþal;camyygñketaset,iy EdlCaehtu nam[mankarlm)akcaxøamgkñúgkarrbmulbt manedlgacecotukcitþ)an GMBIkareFVITukçeTas nigkarefvi TaruNkmµedaym nþirbtibtþic,ab;nigm nþibn nakar. 20

21 7- Gnusasn_ cmnyngñketasercinhyscmnuh cat;vifankarcabnþan; edim,ikat;bnßycmnyngñkcab;xumxamgcabenþahgasnñ tamry³karbenøón nitivifitulakar. FanafaminRtÚveFVIkarecaTRbkan;BIbTRBhµTNÐNamYyeLIy RbsinebIKµanPsþútagRKb;RKan; GaceFVIkarCMnMuCMrH)an. Rbtibtþic,ab;G untak;marta14>1 EdlEcgfa CnCab;ecaTGacRtÚv)anbBa ÚneTAXuMXaMgCabeNþaH Gasnñ EtkñúglkçxNÐCak;lak;b:ueNÑaH. Rbtibtþic,ab;G untak; marta14>4 EdlEcgfa karxumxamgcabenþahgasnñ etahsßitkñúgkrnina k¾edayminrtúv[hysbi 4 Ex et bu:enþry³eblenhgacbnþdl; 6 ExEtkñúgkal³eTs³Biess Etb:ueNÑaH. Fanafa RbFanBn nakarbmebjnuvkarttylxusrtúvrbs;xøün kñúgkarcundmnwgetatulakargmbikarput ry³eblxumxøünbenaþahgasnñ. begáit[mansala]t rn_fñak;tmbn; b sala]t rn_cl½t. bba ak;gmbikarbin½ycar)ak; nigkarbüüretas. BinitüeTAelImeFüa)ayepSg EdlCaCMerIssMrab;kardak;TNÐkmµ ehiybicarnaeligvijetaeli ry³eblénetascab;bn nakar smrab;btelµistuctac. RsavRCavBIlT PaBbegáItbTbBa aesvashkmn_ EdlGaceRbIR)as;)ansMrab;bTelµIstUctac niggñk RbRBwtþbTelµIselIkdMbUg ehiyniggb;rmdl;safarn³cngmbikargnuvtþn_etasenaerkabn nakar. CMnYs[kmµviFIénkaredaHElgmunry³eBlkMNt;EdlGnuvtþnabc úb,nñenh edaykmeragkartak;etg c,ab;d¾tumtulaymyy. pþl;gatipabdl;kargarsagsg; nigcysculeklmgreligvij nuvbn nakarrkugrbhsihnu kmbg;fm nigbnþaymanc½y. 21

22 mðúbgaharnigtwk RKb;RKgcat;Ecgfvika[)anl RbesIreT,IgEfmeTot edim,ifanafa minmankardkykfvikasmrab; Gahar]btßmÖGñkeTas etacmnayelismpar³ b esvaepsg²etotet,iy ehiyrtúvrtútbinitüemil edim,ifanafa rbbgaharedlmantmélgb,rma 1000 erol )andl;gñketasmñak;²erogral;éf edayminrtúv[)at;bg;etaeligmebibukrlyyeliy. bba ak;y:agc,as;fa kardak;kmhitetaeligahar]btßmö smrab;cavifankardak;tnðkmµenah KWminRtÚv benþay[efvitetaetotcadac;xat. ehiyrtúvcat;vifanxagvin½y cmebahm nþibn nakarnaedl RbRBwtþibTelµIs. Fanapþl;[)aneTogTat;nUvTwks atsmrab;pwk enarkb;bn nakartamggs; edaypþl;gatipab[bn nakar extþbnþaymanc½y extþrbhvihar nigrkugrbhsihnu. suxpab nigesvaebtü efivkarbba ak;bmpøw tamry³rbkasgnþrrksyg sþibikarttylxusrtúv smrab;bbaðasuxpabgñketas rvagrksygmhaépþ nigrksygsuxapi)al. FanafaR)ak;EdlRtÚvcMNayeTAelIGñkeTas nigr)ak;]btßmöepsg² RtÚv)anTTYlTan;eBlevla nigrkb;cmnyntamry³karepþredaypþal;binaykdæanhirbaøvtßúrksygmhaépþ etartnakartamextþ. CYsCulEklMGrEpñkGaKarBn nakarénmnþirebtümunivgs edaybmbak;]bkrn_gnam½y[)an smrmü. begáitekalneya)aysmrab;gñketasedlmancm WeGds_ nigelikelgetasdl;gñkekitcmgwegds_ TaMgLayNa EdlsßitkñúgsßanPaBcugeRkayénCMgWeGds_. rdæ)albn nakar Fanafa Bn nakarrtúvmanfvikarkb;rkan; nigrsbetatamkmeragcabiesstamry³karbegáinkic sh Rbtibtþikar rvagrksygmhaépþ nigrksygesdækic nighirbaøvtßú. pþl;karbnþúhbnþalcmnabajvic aciv³dl;m nþi nigqµambn nakar pþl;r)ak;ebovtsr_smrsb Gac[eK pát;pág;civpabrs;ena nigkenøgsñak;enasmrmü. Fanafa bukálikrdæ)alénbn nakarnimyy² mancmnynsmamartetanigcmnyngñketas. Fanakarpþl;[manqµaMBn nakarca sþi smrab;gñketas sþi. 22

23 kmnt;gatipabdl;kardwkcba ÚnGñkeTas edaypþl;tamesckþirtúvkarnuverbg\n n³ nigr)ak;]btßmö smrab;karefvidmenir. karkmramkmehgdl;suvtßipab BRgwgkic xitxmrbwgerbg edim,idak;gñketasetatam ept Gayu ekµg b mnussebjv½y zan³xag pøúvc,ab; BiruT Cn b TNÐit PaBF n;f rénbtelµis nigsßanpabxagsuxpab. nammkkat;etascntamgt,ayna EdlRtÚv)aneKecaTRbkan;fa)aneFVITaruNkmµ ehiyrtúvfanafa tulakagacefviesckþismerc edayesrikµankarkabsgát;birdæapi)al. ekarbbbaøtiþc,ab;tak;tgnigkarerbir)as;]bkrn_tb;tl;nwggñketas edayfanafa exñahéd RtÚv)aneRbIR)as;EtkñúgeBldwkbBa ÚnGñkeTas b kñúgsßanpabbnþan;namyy ehiykarerbir)as; exñahecig RtÚvEtlb;bM)at;ecal. hamerbir)as;gñketasedlxøünculcitþ nig :embnþb; :. sit ixagpøúvc,ab; begáinkic shrbtibtþikar rvagrksygmhaépþ nigrksygyutþifm. FanafaGñkeTasRtÚv)anpþl;[nUvsMelokbMBak;suIvilenAeBlbgðajxøÜnenAtulakar. Tb;sáat;karebIksvnakarkM)aMgmux cmebahgñketasedlsßitenakñúgmnþirxumxamg ehiymingacmkcul rymsvnakar)an edaysarxvhmefüa)aydwkcba Ún. edahelgcabnþan; GñkeTasEdlkMBugrg;caMsvnakarenAsala]T rn_ ehiyedl)anbmebjetas cb;sbvrkb;ehiy. btbbaøtþi nigbtbba a efvikaretgtamggñkcmnajkarc,ab;myyrkum edim,ibinitüet,igvibaj nuvc,ab;bn nakartamggs;rbs;km<úca duccarbkas nitivifi nigbtbbaøtþinana edim,i[rsbtamc,ab;bak;b½n EdlmanzananuRkmx<s;Cag nigrsbtambtdæangnþrcati edaymankarculrympþl;mtibiggákarerkardæapi)al nigggákarepsg² EdleFVIkarkñúgvis½yBn nakar. efvikarekerbc,ab; nigbtbba abn nakarbak;b½n nigdkecjnuvral;btbba anaedlpþúynwgc,ab;. 23

24 tamdanemilkargnuvtþn_ bnþab;bi)anecjbtbba a nigefvitssnkic etakan;bn nakarnimyy² edim,i Fanafa btbba anigc,ab; RtÚv)anyl;dwgy:agc,as; nigekarbtam. karculsyrsuxtukçgñketas cat;vifankarcabnþan; nigmanrbsit PaB edim,ibbaäb;gmebibukrlyykñúgrbb½n Bn nakar. xitxmrbwgerbggs;bilt PaB edim,ifanafa GñkeTasRtÚv)anXuMXaMg enatikenøgxumxamg EdlenACit lmenadæan nigrkysarrbs;ekbmput. GnuBaØat[GñkXøaMemIlBn nakar efvibtsmöasn_caékcn CamYyGñkeTas edaymankarsegátemil BIcMgay EtminGacsþab;B )anbim nþibn nakar sumganmarta7>1 nitivifi Bn nakarelx29. KaMRTdl;karGnum½tBRgagBiFIsarbEnßmrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatielIGnusBaØaRbqaMgnwgkareFVITaruN kmµ nigkarpþnþaetas b karrbrbwtþitamglayna EdleXareXA GmnusSFm b EdlnaM[)at;bg;tMél CamnusS nigpþl;sc ab½nelikargnum½tenh. 24