ÉksareKalneya)ay. ekalneya)ayfambl. FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu. Exmifuna qñam2009

Átírás

1 ÉksareKalneya)ay Exmifuna qñam2009 ekalneya)ayfambl FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu

2 Baküsresrkat; ADB Asian Development Bank FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu CO 2 carbon dioxide kabundiguksiut CDM Clean Development Mechanism ynþkargpivdæn_brisßans at DMC developing member country RbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCik EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and FnaKarshPaBGIr:ubedIm,IkarsßabnaeLIgvij nigkargpivdæ EITI Development Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative KMnitpþÜcepþImedIm,ItmøaPaBkñúg]sSahkmµEdl)aneRCIserIs EU European Union shkmn_gwr:ub GDP gross domestic product plitplkñúgrsuksrub IEA International Energy Agency TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati IED Independent Evaluation Department naykdæanvaytémøedayékracü LNG liquefied natural gas ]sµ½nfmµcatirav LPG liquefied petroleum gas erbgkatrav MDB multilateral development bank FnaKarGPivDÆn_BhuPaKI MDG Millennium Development Goal ekaledagpivdæn_shssvts GgÁkaredIm,Ikic shrbtibtþikaresdækic niggpivdæn_ OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation PRC and Development People s Republic of China safarn³rdærbcamanitcin RSDD Regional and Sustainable Development Department Tm n; nigrgvas; naykdæangpivdæn_tmbn; nignirnþrpab btoe billion tons of oil equivalent esµinwgerbgetanekadi C Celsius GgSa {C} mb/d million barrels per day lanfugkñúgmyyéf mtoe million tons of oil equivalent esµinwgerbglanetan tcm trillion cubic meters EsnekadiEm:RtKUb

3 ]bsm<½n 1 kmnt;smáal; enakñúgr)aykarn_enh sbaøa $ tmnag[r)ak;duløagaemrik GnuRbFan U. Schäfer-Preuss TTYlbnÞúkRKb;RKgcMeNHdwg niggpivdæ edaynirnþrpab GKÁnayk X. Yao naykdæangpivdæn_tmbn; nigedaynirnþrpab RSDD nayk W. Um, TTYlbnÞúkEpñkGPivDÆn_ehdæarcnasm<½n edaynirnþrpabrbs; KN³kmµakarfamBl RSDD S. Chander RbFan A. Terway shrbfan A. Jude, A. Guha, T. RbFanRkum smacikrkum Jung, T. Kimura, R. Stroem, M. Tsuji, S. Tumiwa J.I. Kim, GñkÉkeTsfamBlrbs; RSDD P. Calcetas, m nþican;x<s;ttylbnþúktamvis½yrbs; RSDD

4 matika I. esckþiepþim... 1 II. esckþisegçbénkarbinitüeligvij...2 III. ekalneya)ayfambl... 5 IV. kargnuvtþekalneya)ay... 6 k> karelikkm<s;rbsit PaBfamBl nigkarcmruj[manfamblkekiteligvij...7 x> karbegáinkarpát;pág;fambldl;rbcablrdætamggs;[)ancagtibrima... 9 K> karelikkm<s;kmentrmg;vis½yfambl karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic X> EpnkarGnuvtþn_...15 V. Gnusasn_...16 ]bsm<½n 1> karvipakekalneya)ay > Rkbx½NÐlT plsrmab;gnuvtþekalneya)ayfamblrbs; ADB TMB½r

5 1 ]bsm<½n 1 I. esckþiepþim 1> kmeninesdækic ya:gqab;rh½senakñúgbnþarbetskmbuggpivdæenagasiu )annwigkmbugbegáinnuvtrmuvkarepñkfambl kñúgkrmitx<s;myy. eyagetatamtipñak;garfamblgnþrcati (IEA) )an[dwgfa enakñúgebledlvibtþihirbaøvtßúbipb elakbc úb,nñ kmbugetmansm<afetaeliesdækic kñ úgry³eblxø Ik¾eday k¾trmuvkarfamblcam)ac;enakñúgbnþarbetskmbug GPivDÆenAGasIu RtUv)aneKrMBwgfa nwgmankarekineligcitetvrdgenarvagqñam2006 nigqñam2030. kmeninfamblenh nwgkµannirnþrpabet RbsinebIfamBlEdleRbIPaKeRcInRtUvbMeBjeday\n n³pusiulenah. kmeninénkarerbir)as;\n n³ pusiul nwgbegáinkarbeba jnuv]sµ½npþhkba k;. GñkviTüasa sþ)ancgrkgcaéksarsþibikmeninsitunðpabenakñúgbriyakas nigbermbrmylgakasfatukyr[kt;smkal;epsg² EdlbNþal[manplvi)aky:agF n;f rdl;tmbn;gasiu nig)a:siuhvik. duecñhehiy karedahrsayrbsit PaBfamBl nigbbaðabermbrmylgakasfatu KWCakarRbQmd¾cm,gedIm,IseRmc[)an nuvkargpivdærbkbedaynirnþpab. 2> kñúgebldmnalkñaenhedr karerbrbyltémøerbgnaeblbc úb,nñ )ancmruj[bnþarbetskmbuggpivdæmyycmnyn epþat karykcitþtukdak;etaelisnþ isuxfambl karkat;bnßykarerbir)as;erbg nigkargpivdærbpbfamblfmµcati. karerbrbyl enh)anefvi[mankmeninénkarerbir)as;füúgfµ EdlCaehtunaM[mankarekIneLIgnUvkarbeBa j]sµ½npþhkba k;. bbaðacm,g myyetot KWkareqøIytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarfamBl nigkarpát;pág;famblkñúglkçn³tmenibdl;gñkerbir)as;tamggs;kña. RbCaBlrdæRbmaNCamYyBan;lannak; enatmbn;gasiu nig)a:siuhvik BuMmanfamBleRbIR)as;RKb;RKan;eT. 3> FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu (ADB) )annwgkmbugpþl;cmnyydl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikrbs;xøün (DMCs) eli vis½yfamblkñúgry³ebl 40 qñam cugerkayenh edayepþatetaelikmµvifibrgikvis½ygkáisni karefvignþrkmn_kñúgvis½yerbg nig]sµ½n karksagsmtßpabsßab½n kmentrmg;vis½yfambl GPi)alkic nigkarelikkm<s;rbsit PaB. ADB )an Gnum½tnUveKalneya)ayfamBlelIkTImYyrbs;xøÜnkalBIqñaM 1981 edim,ixitxmsvhesvgrkmefüa)aytb;tl;nwgvibtþiedl bgáreligedaysarkarerbrbyltémøerbgkñ úgtsvtsr_qñam ekalneya)ayenah)ansgát;f n;etaeli (i) kargpivdæ ehdæarcnasm<½n fambl nigrbpbfamblenakñúgtmbn; (ii) karelikkm<s;rbsit PaB nig (iii) karbegáittipsaredl GMeNaypldl;karvinieyaKTunbreTsenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆ. 4> ÉksareKalneya)ayfamBlelIkTIBIr Edl)anecjpSaykalBIqñaM1995 )ankt;smáal;fa enaeblvinieyaktun enakñúgvis½yfamblrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæ)anekinelig ekmingacrkb;rkgetaelivis½ytamgenh ehiyefvi[vis½ytamg enhmanrbsit PaB)an BIeRBaHGVIEdlsMxan;enaH KWedaysarrdæaPi)almantYnaTIBIr KWCaGñkbegá IteKalneya)aypg nig 1 ADB 1981 tynatirbs;fnakarenakñúgvis½yfamblsrmab;rbetskñúgtmbn; Éksarkargarelx 2 TIRkugm:anIl.

6 ]bsm<½n 1 2 Cam as;kmµsit ipþac;muxpg 2. ÉksareKalneya)ayelIkTIBIrenH TTYlsÁal;nUvtRmUvkarpøas;bþÚreTAelIvis½yfamBl nig pþl;gnusasn_[mankarvinieyakehdæarcnasm<½n RbkbedaytulüPaB nigkarbegáitnuvrbtibtþikard¾rwgmam nigrbkbeday RbsiT PaBEpñkhirBaØvtßú. Gnusasn_epSg²eTot rymbba ÚlTaMgkarepþatkarykcitþTukdak;bEnßmeTotelIkarRKb;RKgtRmUv kar kic karbarbrisßan GKÁisnICnbT nigkargpivdæfamblkekiteligvij. 5> kareksrmyleligvijetaeliekalneya)ayfamblenakñúgqñam2000 )anbba ak;fa Rkbx½NÐEdlmanRsab; KWman PaBsmRsb nigmanlkçn³rwgmam 3. etahcaduecñhk¾eday edaysarmankarbicarnaetaeligatipabénrbtibtþ ikaredl)an EksRmYlrbs;FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu nigkarpøas;bþúrtrmuvkarrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikenah ÉksarEdl)an EksRmYl eligvijenh )anpþl;cagnusasn_[mankarbegáitelignuvtipsarfamblékracü nigékcn EdlnwgCMruj[man karerbir)as; famblrbkbedayrbsit PaB ehiymantémøefak nigmanédkuékcnculrymvinieyakkan;etercinelig. Gnusasn_enAkñúg ÉksarenHk¾)anbEnßmeTotfa kareksrmyleligvijenaeblerkay KYrEt)aneFVIenAqñaM 2005 edim,ifana fa Rbtibtþikarrbs; ADB manpabrsbkñacamyynwgtrmuvkarrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik. 6> enakñúgqñam 2008 FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu )anbba b;kareksrmyleligvijeliktibirrbs;xøün etaeliekalneya)ay famblqñam1995. ÉksarenHRtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,ITTYl)ankarGnum½tBIRkumRbwkSaPi)aleTAelIsMeNIEksRmYleKal neya)ay edaybicarnaetaelilt plfµi²enaeblmankarrtytbinitüeligvijetaelikarerbrbylspabkarn_kñúgtmbn; nig spabkarn_esdækic nigkargnum½tnuvrkbx½nðyut sa sþry³eblevg yut sa sþ rbs;fnakar GPivDÆn_GasIu. II. esckþisegçbénkarbinitüeligvij 7> naykdæangpivdæn_kñúgtmbn; nigrbkbedaynirnþrpab (RSDD) )ancab;epþimrtytbinitüeligvijnuvekalneya)ay famblqñam2006 edaymankarbipaksacamyygñkcmnajkarfamblenakñúgnaykdæanrbtibtþikar. KN³kmµkarfamBl rbs;fnakargpivdæn_gasiuk¾)anculrymerobcméksarenhedr. benßmelikarbierkaheyabl;épþkñúg fñak;dwknam)anerobcm[man dmenirkarbierkaheyabl;camyygñkmkbixagerkakñúgry³ebl60éf benßmetot EdlTTYl)annUvTsSn³epSg²KñaBIsMNak; rdæapi)al GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvil Gñk]sSahkmµ GñksikSa niggñkbak;b½n détetot. 2 ADB qñam1995 ekalneya)ayrbs;fnakarsrmab;vis½yfambl TIRkugm:anIl. 3 ADB qñam2000 fambl qñam karrtytbinitüeligvijetaeliekalneya)ay TIRkugm:anIl. 4 ADB qñam2008 yut sa sþ Rkbx½NÐyuT sa sþkñúgry³eblevgrbs;fnakargpivdæn_gasiu TIRkugm:anIl.

7 3 ]bsm<½n 1 8> brimanfambledlkmbugerbir)as;enagasiu nig)a:siuhvikkñúgeblbc úb,nñ niggnakt RtUv)aneKrMBwgfa nwgpþl;plvi)ak y:agf n;f r. enakñúgbnþarbetskmbuggpivdæenagasiu trmuvkarfamblcam)ac;edlek)anbüakrtuk nwgekineligesµinwg Tm n;;erbg 3>227 lanetan (mtoe) srmab;qñam 2006 dl; 6>325 lanetanenakñúgqñam 2030 edaysarettrmuv karrbs;safarnrdærbcamanitcin (PRC) nigrbets\nðamancmenkercincagek. tamkarbüakrn_ kmeninesdækic d¾qab; rh½s nigkmeninrbcacn nwgefvi[trmuvkarfamblmankarekineligercin. ]ssahubniykmµ nkrubniykmµ nigkarerbir)as; erbgedlgacefvibanic kmµ )ancmnyserbgcivm:asedlminemnbanic kmµ k¾nwgefvi[trmuvkarfamblmankarekinelig Edr 5. ktþaepsg²etotk¾mankarekineligpgedr duccaskmµpabesdækic krmitcivpabrs;enakan;etrbesir nigkmeninén karerbir)as;famblenakñúgrkysarnimyy². trmuvkarfamblkan;etx<s;kñúgbnþarbetskmbuggpivdæenagasiu )anbnþal [mankgvl;kan;etxøamgeliggmbisnþisuxfambl. cam)ac;rtuvesvgrkcermisebbkic shrbtibtþikarkñúgry³eblevgca GnþrCati edim,ifanaplitkmµ nigkarerbir)as;famblkñúgtémøsmrmü nigrbkbedaynirnþpab. 9> trmuvkarfamblx<s; k¾rtuvefvikarpát;pág;rbkbedaynirnþpab TaMgelIEpñksgÁm esdækic nigbrisßanpgedr. duc EdleK)anTTYlsÁal;CaTUeTAkñ úgebl\lúvenh karkmramkmehgbikarerbrbylgakasfatu BitCaekItmaneLIg ehiyekinelig EfmeTotpg. karekinelignuvkarbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k; nigtmnak;tmngénkarbeba jecalenhcamyynwgsitunðpabmfüm enaelibipbelak TMngCanwgeFVI[mankarERbRbYlGakasFatuxøaMg nigmankarpøas;bþúrsitunðpabenarduvkal nigkarpøas;bþúr situnðpabrbcamqñam TaMgenATIVbGasIu nigenasakl. eyagetatamkmruénbermbrmylgakasfatu ek)anbüakrfarbsin ebiminmanvifankar[)anhµt;ct;kñúgebl\lúvenhet tmbn;diekakenativbgasiu nwgmankmeninsitunðpabrbcamqñam RbEhlCa 3GgSa enakñúgtsvtsr_qñam2050 nigrbehlca 5GgSa enakñúgtsvtsr_qñam2080 ebieyagetatamkmeninénkmhab;]sµ½npþh kba k; 6. 10> plb:hbal;bikarerbrbylgakasfatu RtUv)aneKrMBwgTukfa nwgmanspabf n;f r srmab;tvibgasiu nigtmbn;)a:siuhvik. cab;bitmbn;x<g;rabhimal½yrhutdl;tmbn;rtubiksmburérbeqienakñúgpumipakgasiugaekñy_ nigenaeliekah)a:siuhvik RbB½n egku LÚsIuFmµCatiCaeRcIn gayttylrgnuvplb:hbal;bikarerbrbylgakasfatu ehiymyycmnynnaenah nwgttylrgnuvkarxucxat mingackekiteligvij)an. RbCaBlrdæRkIRkbMputkñúgcMeNamRbCaCnenAkñúgGnutMbn;saharaénTIVbGaRhVik nigenakñúg 5 bnþarbetskmbuggpivdæedlkmnt;edaytipñak;garfamblgnþrcati (IEA) manducca RbeTsGahVháanIsßan RbeTsbg;køaeds RbeTsb Utan RbeTs Rb uyen darus salam RbeTskm<úCa safarnrdærbcamanitcin ekahhvihsiú RbeTs)araMg b:uliensiu ekahhugkug RbeTs\NÐa RbeTs\NÐÚeNsIu ekah KIrI)aTI safarnrdærbcamanitrbcafibetyükuer: safarnrdærbcamanitrbcafibetyülav RbeTsm:aeLsIu ekahm:al;div RbeTsm:ugehÁalI RbeTs PUma RbeTsen)a:l; RbeTsjÚv kalidueno RbeTs)a:KIsßan ekah)a:byr nuevl háien RbeTshVIlIBIn ekahsavm:av RbeTssigðburI ekahsulúm:ug RbeTs RsIlgáa RbeTséf RbeTstugháa RkugétbuiH RbeTscin RbeTsevotNam nigrbetsv:an;nytta. 6 RkumkargarGnþrrdæaPi)alsþIBIbERmbRmYlGakasFatu (IPCC) r)aykarn_vaytémøeliktibynrbs; IPCC: esckþisegçbénr)aykarn_ srmab;gñkerobcmekalneya)ayrkumkargartimyy --The Physical Science Basis. UK: Cambridge University Press.

8 ]bsm<½n 1 4 tmbn;gasiuxagt,úg gayttylrgnuvplb:hbal;bikarerbrbylgakasfatuenhnas; 7. GñkviTüasa sþ )ansegátetaelipab minrbrktiéngakasfatu nigplb:hbal;rbs;vakñúgeblfµienh² rymman (i) BüúHRtUBikEdlmansPaBkan;EtxøaMg nigercin elig (ii) erkahramgs Üt nigerkahtwkcmnn;edlmanspabkan;etf n;f r nigjwkjab; (iii) karrlaytwkkkkan;etelon nig kmeninkrmittwksmurt (iv) epøigeqhérbjwkjab; (v) kgvhtwksab (vi) karkmramkmehgdl;plitkmµ dmnam nigvarivb,kmµ (vii) karekitelignuvcmgwedltak;tgnwgebhdug nigcmgwqøgnana nig (viii) hanip½ykan;etx<s;elikar)at;bg;civit nigrtbü sm,tþi. 11> karttyl)annuvkarpát;pág;fambltmenib nigecotukcitþ)an KWCaktþad¾sMxan; srmab;kargpivdæfnfanmnussrbkb edaynirnþrpab srmab;kmeninesdækic KuNPaBCIvitkan;Etl nigkarpþl;esvagb;rm nigsuxpabkan;etrbesir. etahbicaek min)ankmnt;fa karttyl)anfamblkwcaekaledagpivdæn_shssvts (MDG) k¾eday k¾karsiksa)anbgðajfa karsermc ekaledagpivdæn_shssvts nwgmingacetaryc)aneliy RbsinebIKµanesvapÁt;pÁg;famBlTMenIb. karttyl)anfambl KWCaktþad¾sMxan; srmab;kat;bnßypabrkirk 8. enaebledlminmanesvapát;pág;fambl RbCaBlrdæRkIRkEdlrs;enA tamcnbt RtUvEteRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlCIvm:asEbbburaN ducca Gus FüÚg lamkstv nigkaksmnl;epsg²etotsrmab; cmgin nigdutcapñk;epøigkmeda. TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati )anbüakrfa manrbcablrdærbmanca 2/5 Ban;lannak; ena kñúgrbetskmbuggpivdæ )anbwgep ketaeli]sµ½ncivm:asburan edim,ibmebjtrmuvkarfamblrbs;bykekenakñúgqñam karerbir)as;\n n³ nigcrnþgkáisnitan;sm½yenatampþh k¾nwgcyyedahrsaybbaðavismpabeynd½rpgedr tamry³karbegáin smtßpabplit nigkarkat;bnßykarbmbulbrisßanenatampþh. 12> karbinitüemilkmhitkñúgeblbc úb,nñ ckçúvis½y bbaðafambledlkmbugekitmaneligenagasiu nig):asiuhvik )anrkexij fa ekalneya)ayfamblqñam1995 enaetpþl;rkbx½nðmuldæand¾rwgmam srmab;edahrsaytrmuvkarrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæ CasmaCik. cmnucsmxan;²énekalneya)aymanducca RbsiT PaBfamBl fambl nigbrisßan kargpivdæfamblena CnbT kmentrmg;rcnasm<½n nigkic shrbtibtþikarkñúgtmbn; enaetmanpabcab;tak;tgkñadedl. karvaytémølm iteli bbaðaekalneya)aysmxan;²rtuv)anefv IeLIg edaybicarnaetaeliekalneya)ayfamblqñam1995 karbinitüekalneya)ay eligvijenakñúgqñam2000 lt plbikarbinitüekalneya)ayenh nigbnþagatipabedlmanenakñúgyut sa sþqñam 2020 ]bsm<½n 1. 7 Stern, Nicholas Stern Review: karsiksagmbiesdækic énbermbrmylgakasfatu RkugLúg kariyal½yhirbaøvtßúénrdæapi)alcrkpbgg;ekøs nig nig rdæapi)alegoklg;xagecig. 8 Modi, V., S. McDade, D. Lallement, and J. Saghir esvapát;pág;famblsrmab;ekaledagpivdæn_shssvts. New york: kmµvificmnyyedim,ikarrkb;rkgvis½ybnþan; kmµvifigpivdæn_shrbcacati KeRmagshsSvtSshRbCaCati nigfnakarbipbelak. 9 IEA qñam2006 TsSnvis½yfamBlBiPBelakqñaM2006 Rkug)a:rIs.

9 5 ]bsm<½n 1 III. ekalneya)ayfambl 13> ekalneya)ayfamblqñam1995 kmbugrtuv)anefv IkarEksRmYl edim,ieqøiytbetanwgbbaðarbqmmyycmnynedl)an erobrab;enakñ úgkfax½nð 8-11 nigedim,iqø úhbba amgbilt plnanaénkarbinitüeligvij B½t manrtlb;bigñkbak;b½n btbiesafn_ EdlTTYl)an nigkarvipakekalneya)ay. ekalneya)ayfamblqñam2009 manpabsu IsgVak;KñaeTAnwgyuT sa sþqñam 2020 EdleFVI[RbtibtþikarfamBlmanPaBRsbKñaCamYynwgyuT sa sþtamgmulrbs; ADB Edlsgát;F n;etaelisnþisux fambl CYysRmYlkarpøas;bþ ÚreTACaesdækic EdleRbIR)as;kabUntic karttyl)anfamblcasakl nigedim,isermc[)annuv ckçúvis½yrbs; ADB BItMbn;EdlrYcputBIPaBRkIRk. 14> ekalneya)ayfamblqñam2009 manekaledacyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik [manlt PaBpþl;famBl RKb;RKan; mantémøsmrmü nigkyrcatitukcitþ edim,isermc[)annuvkmeninrkb;vis½y RbkbedaynirnþPaBsgÁm esdækic nig brisßan. ekaledaenh epþatetaelirbsit PaBfamBl nigfamblekiteligvij karpát;pág;famblsrmab;tamggs;kña kmen TRmg;vis½yfamBl karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic. 15> edim,isermc)anekaledatamgenh kargnuvtþekalneya)ay cam)ac;rtuvetbwgep ketaeliekalkarn_xagerkam ³ (i) karkamrtkarelikkm<s;rbsit PaBfamBl nigkermagfamblekiteligvij nwgrtuv)anpþl;cagatipab nigbrgikkan;etfm edim,ieq<ahetadl;vis½ycaercintamkaredlgacefvieta)an. karkamrtenhnwg k CYy kat;bnßykmeninéntrmuvkar\n n³pusiul nigcyybegáintémøfambl x elikkm<s;snþisuxfambl nig K kat;bnßykarbeba jecal]sµ½npþhkba k;. (ii) kic xitxmrbwgerbgkñúgkarpát;pág;fambledim,i[mankmeninesdækic elirkb;vis½y nwgmanvisalpabkan;et ercinelig ehiykmµvifiedim,ibrgikesvapát;pág;fambldl;shkmn_ nigrkumnana nwgekinelig. edayehtu fa ekaledagpivdæn_shssvts nwgmingacsermc)anet RbsinebIKµankarpÁt;pÁg;famBlTMenIb² duecñh karttyl)anfamblkwcaktþasmxan;nas;srmab;kat;bnßypabrkirk. (iii) kic shrbtibtþikarl kñúgtmbn;tak;tgnwgvis½yfambl nwgrtuv)anelikkm<s; edim,ibrgwgsnþisuxfambl. (iv) kmentrmg;vis½yfambl karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic nwgrtuv)anykcitþtukdak; edim,ibegáinkar vinieyak nigkarerbir)as;fnfanrbkbedayrbsit PaB. karculrymbivis½yékcn nigpabcaédku rvag vis½ysafarn³ nigvis½yékcn nwgrtuv)ancmruj edim,ielikkm<s;rbsit PaBvis½yfamBl tamry³kar RbkYtRbECg nigedim,ibegáinnuvfnfanedlgacvinieyak)an b:uenþtamgenhminemncaekaledacugerkayén karefvikmentrmg;enahet. (v) karvinieyakelivis½yfambltamggs; RtUveKarBtameKalneya)aysþIBIsuvtßiPaBrbs; ADB Tak;Tgnwg brisßan kartamgtilmenafµiedaykµanebob nigcncatiedim edim,ifanafa GñkrgeRKaHTaMgGs;TTYl)ankic

10 ]bsm<½n 1 6 karbarbihanip½yénpabrkirk ehiykmµvifigpivdæn_nanasrmab;cngayrgerkahtamgenh RtUv)andak;bBa Úl niggnuvtþ. (vi) ADB nwgminculbak;b½n kñúgkarpþl;hirbaøb,tanbegáiteragcrkgkáisniediredayfamblnuyekøeg eliy. (vii) edaysarfüúgfµ nigerbg KWCamuxTMnijEdleKeFV IBaNiC kmµcagnþrcatiedaymankarkarbarnuvplrbeyacn_ EpñkBaNiC kmµpgenah duecñhehiy ADB nwgminpþl;hirbaøb,tandl;gacivkmµciker:füúgfµenhet elikelg EtykFüÚgfµTaMgenaHykmkeRbIR)as;sRmab;EteragcRkGKÁisnIedIredayfamBlkMedA ehiyk¾nwgmin pþl;hirbaøb,tandl;gacivkmµrukrkerbgpgedr elikelgetgacivkmµrukrkerbgenahmanrsab; nigman RTg;RTaytUc. (viii) kñ úgzan³caxøamgcmenhdwgrbcamtmbn; FnaKarnwgelIkkm<s;karRKb;RKgcMeNHdwgsMxan;² nigcyypsbvpsay nuvkargnuvtþl ² nigbtbiesafn_edlttyl)an. ADB k¾nwgkamrtnuvkarts Umti nigpþl;nuvcmnyyelikarepþr bec kvitüa nigkarbrgaybec kvitüatamgenhpgedr dl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik. (ix) ADB nwgefv Ikic shrbtibtþ ikarcamyyédkugpivdæn_myycmnyn rymmantipñak;gargpivdæn_gnþrcati sßab½nbhu- PaKI nigetvpaki vis½yékcn GgÁkarminEmnrdæaPi)al GgÁkarenAkñ úgshkmn_ nigmulnificyycnrkirk. (x) sßanpabenatamtmbn; nwgrtuv)ankmnt; srmab;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik kñ úgkarefv IEpnkar nigerobcm GnþraKmn_ CaBiess srmab;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikenakñúgtmbn;)a:siuhvik ebikitetaelifnfanfam BlEdlmankMNt; nigpabgayrgerkahrbs;rbetstamgenah. (xi) kargnuvtþekalneya)ay nwgrtuvrtytbinitüedaylt plrkbx½nðkargar kfax½nð 49. IV. kargnuvtþekalneya)ay 16> RsbCamYynwgeKaledAéneKalneya)ayfamBlqñaM2009 kargnuvtþekalneya)ayenh RtUvEtBicarNaeTAelI bbaðananaedlkmbugekitmanelig CeRmIséndMeNaHRsay btbiesafn_edlttyl)anbirbtibtþ ikarmun² nigbtbiesafn_ rbs;édkugpivdæn_nana duccafnakarbipbelakcaedim. kargnuvtþekalneya)ayenh k¾ttyl)ankarkamrtbikareksrmyl ÉksarEdl)aneFVIeTAelIbBaðananaTak;TgeTAnwg\n n³pusiul karplitfambl famblerbir)as;kñúgpþh kmentrmg;vis½y fambl nigkareksrmylrcnasm< ½n kic shrbtibtþ ikarkñ úgtmbn; RBmTaMgtRmUvkarCak;lak; srmab;rbetskmbuggpivdæ CasmaCikenAkñúgtMbn;)a:sIuhVik. kargnuvtþekalneya)ayenh k¾cakarbgðaj[exijnuvpabrbtak;rklakña rvagcmnuc smxan;² EdlmanenAkñ úgyut sa sþqñam2020 EdlepþatGaTiPaBeTAelIeKaledATak;TgnwgfamBl nigk¾cyykmnt;smtßpab rbs;sßab½nedlcam)ac;srmab;eblgnakt enakñ úgbribttmbn; BiPBelak nigbec kvitüapgedr. 17> edim,i[kargnuvtþkan;etmanrbsit PaB ADB nwgxitxmesvgrkkic shrbtibtþikarbenßmetot CamYynwgédKUGPivDÆn_epSg²eTot. ekk¾)anbegáitesvakmµédkupþl;hirbaøb,tan nigmulnifimrtk edim,iekorkrfvika nigebbbtcam)ac;nana

11 7 ]bsm<½n 1 srmab;kmnitpþ Ücepþ Imfµ Ikñ úgvis½yfambl duccakmnitpþücepþ IménRbsiT PaBfamBl nigkmnitpþ ÜcepþImTIpSarkabUnCaedIm. elis BIenH fvikananartuv)anekorkredim,ipþl;shhirbaøb,tandl;kermag nigkmnitpþücepþimcak;lak;. ADB k¾nwgefv Ikic sh Rbtibtþ ikary:agcitsñ it CamYynwgKMnitpþ Ücepþ ImnanaEdlepþatkarykcitþTukdak;eTAelIbERmbRmYlGakasFatuBiPBelak duc CamUlniFivinieyaKGakasFatu (Climate Investment Funds) edim,icyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikrbs;xøün [sermc)an nuvesdækic EdlBwgEp ketaeli]sµ½nkabunticbmput 10. ADB nwg (i) bnþsermc[)annuvkarepþcjacitþ cmebahkmrushhirbaøb,tan (ii) EckrMElkcMeNHdwg nigbtbiesafn_ nig (iii) srmbsrmylkic xitxmrbwgerbgcamyynwgédkugpivdæn_nana. ebibicarna etaelitrmuvkarénkarvinieyakd¾fm srmab;vis½yfamblenakñúgtvibgasiu nigtmbn;)a:siuhvik k¾duccapabcam)ac;kñúgkarbegáin RbsiT PaBesdækic CaGtibrimaEdrenaH ADB k¾nwgcyybrgwgtynatirbs;vis½yékcn nigcyybegáinkmøamgrbtibtþikar rvag vis½ysafarn³ nigvis½yékcnrbs; ADB pgedr. 18> edim,icyy[rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikeq<ahetarkesdækic EdlBwgEp ketaeli]sµ ½nkabUnticbMputenaH ADB nwg pþl;cmnyy edim,ibrgayskmµpabkat;bnßykarerbrbylgakasfatu srmab;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik ducca (i) karpþl; hirbaøb,tancmebahkermagkat;bnßykarbeba j]sµ ½npÞHkBa k; (ii) efv IkarviPaKelICeRmIsnana edim,ieqø IytbeTAnwgkarBRgIk vis½yfambl (iii) erobcmkermagsþ IBIbrimaN]sµ ½nkabUn (iv) pþl;karkamrtdl;karksagsmtßpabbec ketsedim,ikmnt; nigvaytémøyut sa sþgpivdæn_edaybwgep keli]sµ½nkabunticbmput. 19> kargnuvtþekalneya)ay RtUveFV IeLIgeTAtamTRmsMxan;²cMnYnbI EdlepþatkarykcitþTukdak;elIeKalneya)ay fambl ³ TRmTaMgbIenaHmandUcCa (i) karelikkm<s;rbsit PaBfamBl nigfamblekiteligvij (ii) begá InkarTTYl)anfam BlCaGtibrma srmab;tamggs;kña (iii) karcmrujkmentrmg;vis½yfambl karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic. k> karelikkm<s;rbsit PaBfamBl nigfamblekiteligvij 20> karsermc)anrbsit PaBfamBl KWCameFüa)ayd¾manRbsiT PaBbMput edim,ibmebjtrmuvkarfambl kñúgebledah RsaybBaðakMeNInénkMedABiPBelak. karbegá InRbsiT PaBeRbIR)as; nigpát;pág;fambl nwgttyl)antémøesvakmµfamblkan; Etx<s; BIfamBlcaM)ac;nImYy²Edl)aneRbIR)as; RBmTaMgpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_CaeRcIndl;brisßan nigesdækic etotpg. RbsiT PaBfamBlmansar³sMxan;Nas; srmab; (i) bnßykmenintrmuvkar\n n³pusiul nigcyybegáintémøfambl (ii) begáin snþisuxfambl nig (iii) kat;bnßykarbeba jecal]sµ½npþhkba k;. 21> karbegá InRbsiT PaBfamBl tamry³karrtytbinitüelitrmuvkar nigkarpát;pág; KWCaGaTiPaBrbs; ADB. kic xitxm RbwgERbgbEnßmeTot RtUvbnþeFVIeLIgeRkameKalneya)ayenH edim,ikat;bnßytrmuvkar tamry³kmnitpþücepþimnana edim,i 10 mulnifivinieyakgakasfatu RtUv)anbegá IteLIgedayrdæaPi)alénRbeTsCb:un crkpbgg;ekøs nigshrdægaemrik edim,icyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasma Cik[sRmc)annUvesdækic EdlBwgBak;elI]sµ½nkabUnticbMput nigesdækic Edlminb:HBal;dl;bERbbRmYlGakasFatu.

12 I ]bsm<½n 1 8 RbsiT PaBfamBl duccakarkat;bnßy karerbir)as;eligvij nigkarekécñcafµ nigkarbegá InRbsiT PaBRbB½n fambl. enaeblman»kasercin kñúgkarbegáinrbsit PaBfamBl kmenintrmuvkarfamblenakñúgtmbn; trmuv[mankarvinieyak smxan;²elismtßpabplitfamblfµi². ehtuduecñhehiy enaeblkmnitpþücepþiménrbsit PaBfamBl nigfamblekitelig vij KWCaGaTiPaBEdlRtUvykcitþTukdak; karkat;bnßytrmuvkarfamblminkyrføak;kñúgsßanpabmyyrhutdl;suxcitþ {Qb; erbifamblgkáisnienaheliy}. 22> ADB nwgbrgiknuvrbtibtþ ikarrbs;xø ÜnenAkñ úgvis½y]ssahkmµ edayshkarcamyynwgsmakm]ssahkmµfnakar kñúgrbets TIPñak;garCMnajEpñkRbsiT PaBfamBl nigbnþarkumh unpát;pág;famblnana. ADB nwgcyykmnt;cermis RbsiT PaBfamBlnana nigerobcmcmnyyhirbaøvtßú nigkarfanaepsg²etot. ADB nwg CYybNþaRbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasma Cik kñ úgkarerobcmrkbx½nðc,ab; nigbtdæanrbsit PaB EdltRmUv[mankarplit nigkarerbir)as;]bkrn_ nigtmnijedlerbi famblrbkbedayrbsit PaB CaBiessKWsmÖareRbIR)as;rbs;GtifiCn edim,icakareqø IytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarfamBlsRmab; BaNiC kmµ nigekhdæan EdlmanbrimaNRbEhlCa 30 éntrmuvkarfamblsrubtamggs;enah. kartmnukbrmugenh Gacnwg rab;bba ÚlTaMgkarbegá It[manGaCJaFrsRmab;ecjCayIehapgEdr. 23> ADB nwgxitxmesvgrkkermagfamblekiteligvijedim,ipþl;hirbaøb,tan erbahfa lt PaBTTYl)anRbPBfamBl fµi nigfamblekiteligvij mankarekineligedaysarkarrikcerminepñkbec kets nigerbahetmancermiskñúgkarpát;pág; GKÁisnIeRkAbNþaj enatamshkm. edim,ibegáinkarerbir)as;fambls atenakñúgrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik ADB nwgcyysrmyldl;karpsbvpsaybec kvitüafambls at[kan;ettulmtulay edayxmelikkm<s;karyl;dwg BRgwgeKaln eya)ay nigkargnuvtþtambtbbaøtþi kñúgekalbmngcmruj[mankarerbir)as;bec kvitüatamgenah RBmTaMgelIksÞÜydl; kba b;srmab;pþl;hirbaøb,tan EdlCakarrYmcMENkkñúgkarkat;bnßyhaniP½y nigkarcmnay. edaybicarnaetaelipl RbeyaCn_CasaklénCIv\n n³ ADB nwgkamrt[mankarsiksabenßmetot edim,ivaytémøetaelikarcmnay niggtßrbeyacn_ énkargpivdæciv\n n³edlrbkbedaynirnþpab CaBiess karsiksaetaelisnþisuxes,óg tulüpabpldmnambegáitfambl sut nigplb:hbal;dl;brisßan. ADB nwgkamrtdl;kargpivdæciv\n n³enah enaebledlgtßrbeyacn_rbs;va manlkçn³ smrsb. 24> nirnþpabhirbaøvtßúénkermagrbsit PaBfamBl nigkermagfamblekiteligvij nwgmanpabrbesireligedaysar manr)ak;cmnulbenßmbiynþkargpivdæs at (CDM) ebalkwcmnulbizan³carbetsedlttyl)ankarbba ak;fa CaRbeTs Edl)ankat;bnßykarbeBa j]sµ½n. KMnitpþÜcepþImTIpSarkabUnénFnaKarGPivDÆn_GasIu CYypþl;buerhirBaØb,Tan nigenaet pþl;cmnyybec ketsdl;gñkgpivdæ niggñk]btßmökermagedlmangtßrbeyacn_kñúgkarkat;bnßy]sµ½npþhkba k; ehiygtß RbeyaCn_TaMgenHmanlkçN³smRsb srmab;kermagénynþkargpivdæs at eyagtambifikarrkugküútu. ADB nwgbnþ

13 9 ]bsm<½n 1 pþl;cmnyydl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik edim,ierobcmkermagsmrsb srmab;kat;bnßykarbeba j]sµ½n edaymankar TTYlsÁal;RtwmRtUv. 25> ADB nwgeliksþüydl;karbrgikekalneya)ay EdlCakarCMruj[mankarGPivDÆfamBlekIteLIgvij. ekaleda enh KWedIm,IbegáItRkbx½NÐmYy EdleFVI[karvinieyaKkñúgvis½yfamBlekIteLIgvij GacRbRBwtþeTA)anedayeCaKC½ykñúg lkçn³cabanic kmµ. benßmbienh ADB nwgykcitþtukdak;kan;etxøamgetaelihanip½y tamry³karvaytémø[)anhµt;ct; ehiynwgefv ICakatalIkrsRmab;vinieyaKTaMgLayNa Edlvis½yÉkCnminmanqnÞHeFV I. ADB nwgcyysrmyldl;karvinieyak edaypþal;rbs;vis½yékcn EdlCakarKaMRT[mankarrIkceRmInRKb;vis½y nigelikkm<s;brisßan. 26> edaybicarnaetaelitmhménkarrbqmkñ úgepñksnþ isuxfambl nigkarerbrbylgakasfatu ADB )anbrgwgkarebþcja citþepñksßab½nrbs;xøün nig)andak;[dmenirkarnuvvificayut sa sþénkmµvififambl nigbrisßans at. kmµvifienhmankmnit pþ Ücepþ ImCaeRcIn edim,icyy[rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikbegá InkareRbIR)as;famBlekIteLIgvij nigbec kvitüaénrbsit PaB fambl. ADB k¾enagacedirtynaticakatalikrkñ úgkarcmruj[mankareliksþ Üyrebobvar³famBls at enakñ úgtv IbGasI u nig tmbn;)a:siuhvik. ekaledarbs; ADB Edl)anbegá InkarvinieyaKelIRbsiT PaBfamBledIm,IPaBs at EdlmanTwkR)ak;ekIneLIg dl; 1 Ban;landuløarkñúgmYyqñaM cab;tamgbiqñam2008 TTYl)aneCaKC½yrbs;xøÜnkalBIqñaMdEdlenH edaybegáitcaevtikar myy edim,ibegáinekaleda KWrhUtTTYl)anTwkR)ak;cMnYn 2 Ban;landuløar kñúgmyyqñam cab;biqñam 2013 teta 11. etahbica TwkR)ak;enHKWCacMENkd¾tUcmYy efobetanwgtrmuvkarkñúgtmbn;k¾eday k¾vacafnfanbenßmedlttyl)anbirbpbepsg² pgedr. x> karbegáinkarpát;pág;fambldl;rbcablrdætamggs;[)ancagtibrima 27> ekaledagpivdæn_shssvts nwgmingacsermceta)anet RbsinebIKµanfamBlTMenIb. karttyl)anfambl KW Caktþad¾sMxan;edIm,Ikat;bnßyPaBRkIRk. RsbtameKalneya)ayfamBlqñaM2009 nigrebobvar³edim,icmrujkmeninrkb; vis½yényut sa sþqñam2020 duecñhkargnuvtþekalneya)ayenh trmuv[rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik nigédkugpivdæn_ etvpaki nigbhupaki efvikarrymkñay:agskmµ edim,iedahrsaykgvhxaténkarttyl)anfambl. ADB nwgkamrtkic xitxmrbwg ERbgeFVIGKÁisnIPavUbnIykmµCnbTRbkbedaynirnþPaBenAkñúgRbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCik EdlRtUv)anerobcMeLIgedIm,I pþl;gkáisnidl;rbcablrdætamggs; CaBiessRbCaCnenACnbT. 28> ADB nwgepþatkarykcitþtukdak;cabiessetaelishkmn_enatmbn;dac;rsy:aledltmngcanwgminttyl)anbnþaj GKÁisnIenAeBlxagmux. ADB nwgbegáitkermagbgðajedlcartg;rtaytuc ehiygac[tmbn;epsg²etotykcakmru)an 11 kmµvifineya)ayenh rymbba ÚlkarvinieyaKrbs; ADB TaMgGs;EdlnwgnaM[mankarbeBa j]sµ½npþhkba k;ticcagmun duccakermagfamblekiteligvij KeRmagRbsiT PaBfamBl nigkermag\n n³s at.

14 ]bsm<½n 1 10 duccapuminanaenatamtmbn;pñmdac;rsyal nigshkmn_enaeliekahcaedim. KeRmagEbbenH nwgbba ÚleTAkñúgkBa b;kermag EdlmanTMhMFMlµmGac[FnaKarpþl;Cakm I)an ehiyrbsinebigac KeRmagTaMgenaH nwgrtuvbba ÚleTAkñúgKeRmagvis½yfam BlsMxan;² EdlCasmasPaBmYyénkarpþl;famBlBiess. 29> kic shrbtibtþ ikarkñ úgtmbn; GacmantYnaTId¾sMxan;kñ úgkarfananuvsnþ isuxfamblrbkbedaynirnþrpab. BaNiC kmµ famblrvagbnþarbetsenakñ úggnutmbn; GacCYybMeBjtRmUvkarfamBl kñ úgebledlmankarxitxmtajykfnfanfmµcati d¾krm CaGtibrimaenaH. tamkarbinitüetaelieblevlaedlrbetscitxagerbir)as;famblercinbmputenah BaNiC kmµfam BlkñúgtMbn; GacCYykat;bnßytRmUvkarsagsg;eragcRkGKÁisnIfµIbEnßmeTotenAkñúgRbeTsnImYy². ducedl)anbgðaj enakñúgkic RbCMuénmhaGnutMbn;TenøemKgÁ ADB GacmantYnaTId¾sMxan;kñúgkarelIkkm<s;kic shrbtibtþikarelivis½yfambl enakñúgtmbn;rbkbedayecakc½y. 30> ADB nwgbnþerciseris niggnuvtþkermag nigkmµvifitamglaynaedleliksþüydl;banic kmµfamblkñúgtmbn; edayttyl)angtßrbeyacn_epñkesdækic nigbrisßan srmab;tmbn;tamgmul. ADB nwgcmrujrkbx½nðekalneya)aymyy EdlnwgeFVI[manBaNiC kmµelivis½ygkáisni ]sµ½n nigehdæarcnasm<½n enakñúgtmbn; edim,ielikkm<s;kic shrbtibtþikarkñúg tmbn; nigkarefvibanic kmµkñúgvis½yfambl. ADB k¾nwgykcitþtukdak; nigbuhbarnuv]bskánanaedlramgsþhdl;kic sh Rbtibtþikary:agCitsñiT nigbanic kmµkñúgvis½yfambl tamry³karesvgrkmefüa)ayedahrsaybtbbaøtþinana bbaðarubiy b½nñ nighanip½ybanic kmµ RBmTaMgGesßrPaBneya)ay. 31> ADB nwgefvikarcamyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik edim,iedahrsaytrmuvkargkáisnirbs;rbetstamgenah Rbkb edaynirnþrpab nigtamepnkaredl)anerkagtuk. ADB nwgeliktwkcitþdl;rkumh unpát;pág;famblnana edim,ibba ÚlnUv cmnucsmxan;²edlmanenakñúgepnkarerbir)as;fnfanrymkña etakñúgepnkarvis½yfamblrbs;rbetstamgenah nigcmruj [mankarvinieyakedlerbir)as;]sµ½nkabunticbmput 12. enaebledlgnþrakmn_etaelivis½yenhtamgmul RtUv)aneFVIEpn karrycral;ehiy srmab;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik ADB nwgcyyerobcmepntibgðajpøúv srmab;vis½yfambledlman karvinieyakbgáürelivis½ygkáisni nigcyyerobcmkermagtexsbnþajedlmanpabbt;ebnlµmtamspabcak;esþg. 32> ADB k¾nwgefvikarkamrtedayykcitþtukdak;etaelieragcrkvarigkáisnifm²tamglaynaedlmangagsþúktwktamrduv ehiyedlgagenahgacpþl;gtßrbeyacn_erciny:ag. etahcaduecñhk¾eday karpþl;hirbaøb,tansrmab;kermagebbenh RtUv EtEp ketaeligtßrbeyacn_epñkesdækic ehiykermagenahetotesat RtUvEteKarBtamlkçxNÐsgÁm nigsuvtßipabbrisßan rbs; ADB pgedr. KeRmagEbbenH RtUvEtpþl;GtßRbeyaCn_dl;m as;rbets b k¾tmbn;tamgmuletmþg. 12 karefviepnkarerbir)as;fnfanrymbba ÚlKña KWCadMeNIrkarénkareFVIEpnkarEdlcMNayGs;éføticbMput Edl (i) [témøetaelicermisbenßm trmuvkar nigcermisrkb;rkgxagtrmuvkaresµikña nig (ii) bba Úl nigtajykplrbeyacn_epñkbrisßan niggtßrbeyacn_epsg²etot)anebjeljcaefviepnkar enhtamebbvipakfmµtaedlcmnayticbmput.

15 11 ]bsm<½n 1 33> edim,ieqøiytbetanwgtrmuvkargkáisnienakñúgtmbn; karpát;pág;famblbenßmkñúgrtg;rtayfm RtUvEteFVIeLIg EdlenA kñúgenah eragcrkgkáisniedlerbir)as;famblfüúgfµ nwgmankarekinelig. ADB nwgeliktwkcitþdl;bnþarbetskmbug GPivDÆCasmaCik[ecHeRCIserIsnUvbec kvitüaedlminb:hbal;brisßanedlmanrsab;ykmkerbir)as; ducca bec kvitüa cmehhrstab;rwgedlrlayedaysar]sµ½n nigefvi[sm<afekiteligvdþbnsmsrmab;bmelgetacal,ay]sµ½nrbmtamgkarrsub yk nigpþúkkabun karrsubyk fluidized bed combustion, supercritical and ultra-supercritical technologies and flue gas desulferization )anbgðajfa GacykmkeRbIR)as;tambec kets)an nigsnsmsméccmnayetotpg. ADB nwgkamrtkarpsbvpsaybec kvitüatamgenhenakñúgrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikedim,ibegáinesßrpabepñkhirbaøvtßúrbs;rbetstamg enah. ADB k¾nwgcyydl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikenakñúgkic shrbtibtþikarcamyyrbetsgpivdæetaelikic RBm erbogepþrbec kvitüafµi² nigbec kvitüatmenib² kñúgry³eblevgsrmab;efvikargpivdæ. ADB k¾nwgerciseriskarkamrteta elikermagfambledlerbir)as;füúgfµ RbsinebIbec kvitüaminb:hbal;dl;brisßan nig]bkrn_ nigvifankarkat;bnßykarbmbul brisßan RtUv)aneKdak;bBa ÚleTAkñúgkarerobcMKeRmag. RbeTskMBugGPivDÆmYycMnYnEdlmanbNþajEckcayfamBltictYc ehiyedlbwgep ketaelikarpát;pág;fambledayerbierbg b karnamculfamblmkbirbetscitxag GacRtUvsagsg;eragcRk GKÁisnIedIreday]sµ½nFüÚgfµedayeRbIR)as;bec kvitüa subcritical boiler enh. BiBiFkmµEbbenH nwgcyybegá InTMnukcitþ etaelirbb½n fambl nigsnþisuxfambl ehiyenhcacermismyyedlcmnayfvikaticbmput. edim,icarbeyacn_dl;trmuv karesdækic nigkargpivdæn_ ADB nwgkamrteragcrkgkáisniedlplitfamblrbkbedaynirnþrpabebbenh RbsinebI mankarrkexijfa eragcrktamgenahmanlkçn³sm,tþirkb;rkan; bnþab;bi)anbinitüy:aghµt;ct;mkenah. CMnYyepSg²k¾nwg RtUvpþl;CUndl;eragcRkfamBlTaMgLayNaEdl)anbegáIteLIgrYc ehiyrtuvkarbmbak;nuv]bkrn_tmenibbenßmedim,ibegáin RbsiT PaBfamBlrbs;xøÜn. 34> ADB nwgbnþkarkamrtpþl;hirbaøb,tandl;eragcrkgkáisniedlerbir)as;]sµ½nfmµcati erbaheragcrktamgenahpþl; GtßRbeyaCn_dl;brisßan. 35> etahbica ADB CMruj[mankareRbIR)as;RbPBfamBlekIteLIgvij srmab;karplitfamblk¾eday k¾eragcrk GKÁisnIedIredayeRbg enaetcaepñkmyyénrbpbpát;pág;gkáisni srmab;esdækic énekahmyycmnynpgedr. ehtuduecñhehiy ADB nwgbnþpþl;hirbaøb,tandl;eragcrkgkáisniediredayerbg EdlmanTMhMtUc nigtmenib srmab;shkmn_enaeliekah tmbn;dac;rsyal nigtmbn;edlmanl,ayrbcacnminesµikña ebalkwtmbn;edlmingacmancermisepsgerkabienh. 36> karbmebjbenßmnuvsmtßpabkñ úgkarplitfambl[kan;etmancmnynercin nwgtrmuv[mankarvinieyaktunercinbgá Ür etaelibrikçasrmab;karbba Ún nigeckcay. ADB nwgbnþkarkamrtetaelikartemøigrbb½n bba Ún nigeckcay edim,iefvi[crnþ GKÁ isnimandmenirkarrbkbedayrbsit PaBBIsßanIyEckcayeTAkan;GtifiCn duccakarelikkm<s;rbb½n EdlmanRsab; edim,i

16 ]bsm<½n 1 12 kat;bnßykar)at;bg;gkáisniedaysarepñkbec kets nigcmruj[mankarrbkytrbecgcasafarn³enaebledlmanc,ab; GnuBaØat[mankarRbkYtRbECgCacMh. 37> RbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCikCaeRcInRtUvkarBRgIkRbB½n famblrbs;xøün benßmetaelikarbmbak;nuv]bkrn_fµi² srmab;rbb½n EdlmanRsab; ehiyedlekelgerbi. ADB nwgcyydl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikenakñúgkarkmnt; nig temø Igbec kvitüaerbir)as;fambltmenib nigmanrbsit PaB duccarbb½n erbir)as;kmeda nigfambl. ebigacefvieta)an karerbi R)as;famBlekIteLIgvij duccafamblrbhgatitü nigkarbumkmedabiepndicaedim nwgrtuv)ancmruj[man edim,ibmebj benßmnuvrbb½n pþl;kmedaedlmancaerscenakñúgrsuk. 38> ADB nwgbnþekalneya)ayrbs;xøünelikarminpþl;hirbaøb,tanetaelikermagesvgrktmbn;gacivkmµerbg nig]sµ½n etoteliy edaysarkermagtamgenhbak;b½n nwghanip½y. edaysarerbgcatmnijedlekefv IBaNiC kmµcagnþrcati ehiyman karkarbak;b½n CamYyvis½yÉkCnenaH CaTUeTA ADB nwgminpþl;mulnifidl;kermaggpivdætmbn;gacivkmµerbgeliy. kñúg krnicam)ac; ADB nwgbicarnaetaelicmnyygpivdætmbn;gacivkmµerbgtuc²edlmanrsab; RbsinebIkarGPivDÆEbbenH manlkçn³l RbesIrxagEpñkesdækic. ADB nwgpþl;karkamrtetaelikarcrmaj; kardwkcba Ún nigkareckcayplit plerbg. ADB nwgbnþpþl;cmnyydl;kargpivdætmbn;gacivkmµ]sµ ½n kardwkcba Ún nigeckcay]sµ ½n. ADB k¾nwgpþl;cmnyy CaeKalneya)ayedIm,I (i) elikkm<s;brisßanekalneya)ayedlcmruj[mankarculrymbivis½yékcn mankarrbkytrbecg kan;etxøamg nigmanbtbbaøtþ imyyékracü nigrbkbedaytmøapabenakñ úgvis½yerbg nig]sµ ½n nig (ii) CYydl;RbeTskMBug GPivDÆCasmaCikedIm,IerobcM nigrkb;rkgmuldæantinñn½yfnfanguirdukaby eliksþüycmnaj nigrkb;rkghirbaøvtßú. 39> edaysarfüúgfµcarbpbfambly:agsmxan;srmab;gkáisni nigkmeda RbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCikCaeRcIn nwg RtUvbnþkarGPivDÆGNþ ÚgEr:FüÚgfµ[)anxøaMgkøa. edaysarfüúgfµcatmnijedlrtuvekefv IBaNiC kmµcagnþrcati ADB enaetrksa ekalneya)aykñ úgeblbc úb,nñrbs;xø Ün kñ úgkarminpþl;hirbaøb,tanedaypþal; etaelikargpivdægnþ ÚgEr:FüÚgfµ elikelget GNþ ÚgEr:FüÚgfµTaMgenaH RtUv)aneRbIpþac;muxedayeragcRkGKÁ isni. enhcakrnimyybit ebledlplitkmµerbir)as;kmedafüúgfµ myyepñkfm RtUv)anpSarP ab;etanwgkic snüapát;pág;\n n³kñúgry³eblevg b karélecktamebbrdæ)al srmab;eragcrk GKÁisnI. ADB nwgminpþl;hirbaøb,taneliy eblnaedlxø Ünyl;fa GNþ ÚgEr:FüÚgfµmYyGacnwgRtUv)aneKGPivDÆedIm,Ilk; FüÚgfµeTA[TIpSarebIkTUlay b P ab;tmnak;tmngtamry³bnþajbanic kmµgnþrcatietanwgkarplitfamblgkáisnienakñúg RbeTsmYyepSgeTot edaysargacivkmµenhnwgrbrbwtþetaenaelitipsar. 40> ADB nwgefv IkarKaMRTdl; (i) suvtß ipabgnþ ÚgEr:FüÚgfµ (ii) GaCIvkmµEr:EdlmanlkçN³smRsbeTAnwgsgÁm nigbrisßan nigkarerbir)as;füúgfµedim,ibegáitfamblrbkbedayrbsit PaB (iii) karplit nigkarrksatuk]sµ½nkabun b karbmebkecj BIKña enaeblmanbec kvitüagacefvieta)an (iv) kartajyk nigkarerbir)as;]sµ½nemtankñúgrstab;füúg (v) karbmelgfüúg fµ[etaca]sµ½n (vi) ma:siunsrmab;lagfüúgfµ (vii) karerbir)as;smnl;füúg nig (viii) kardwkcba ÚnFüÚgfµRbkbeday

17 I 13 ]bsm<½n 1 RbsiT PaBtampøÚveKak nigpøúvsmurt. ADB k¾nwgkamrtkarelikkm<s;suvtßipab nigrbsit PaBenAkñúgkardwkCBa ÚneRbg nig]sµ ½nFmµCatiBRgav (LNG) duccasßaniysþúkerbg nig]sµ½nfmµcatibrgav brikçarsrmab;karpþúk bmbg;bumerbg nigkardwk CBa ÚntampøÚvsmuRTpgEdr. K> karelikkm<s;kmentrmg;vis½yfambl karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic 41> ADB nwgrobcmrbtibtþikarfamblrbs;xøünelikmentrmg;nana karksagsmtßpab niggpi)alkic tamry³karbnþ CYydl;RbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCik[erobcMrcnasm<½n nigefvikmentrmg;vis½yfamblrbs;xøüneligvij tamry³cmnyy bec kets nigkarkamrtelikarerobcmc,ab;rkb;rkgfamblfmµcatipþac;mux nigbegá It[mankarRbkYtRbECgRbsinCaGaceFV eta)an. ADB nwgeckrmelknuvbtbiesafn_rbs;xøünedl)anmkbikmentrmg;vis½ymun². edaysarkarefvikmentrmg; Gacmanry³eBlyUr karbnþkarcab;bak;b½n rbs; ADB KWRtUvkarCacaM)ac;edIm,IFanafaRKb;EpñkTaMgGs;enAkñ úgsgám CaBiess GñkeRbIR)as; nwgttyl)anplrbeyacn_. karculrumbivis½yékcn nwgrtuv)aneliktwkcitþ CaBiessPaBCaédKUrvagvis½y safarn³ nig vis½yékcn. etahcay:agnak¾eday ÉkCnnIykmµminEmnCaeKaledA b minemncakmµvtßúcugerkayén skmµpabkmentrmg;etaelivis½ynanarbs; ADB eliy EtpÞúyeTAvij ÉkCnIykmµnwgkøayCaCeRmIsmYyEdleKGac erbi)anedim,ielikkm<s;rbsit PaBvis½yfamBl nigbegáinfnfanvinieyak. kmentrmg;vis½ynana rymtamg ÉkCnnIykmµ b sacivkmµniykmµ nwgrtuv)anbegáit nigerobcmmyyrbetsmþg² y:agrbugrby½tñ nigrbkbedaytmøapab. 42> erkabikarkamrtkmentrmg; nigkarerobcmrcnasm< ½n eligvij enah ADB nwgcyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikedl kmbugbegá It[manTIpSarRbkYtRbECgGKÁ isni nigkmbugetykmkerbinuvynþkarkmnt;témøelitipsaredim,ipþl;plrbeyacn_ dl;gñkerbir)as;. TIpSarTaMgenHTamTar[mankRmitrIkceRmInkñúgkRmitmYyénvis½ymYycMnYn munnwgcab;epþ ImTIpSarTaMgenaH edayecakc½y. ADB nwgkamrtetaelikarrsavrcav kartak;etgc,ab; kargpivdæbec kvitüa nigrkbx½nðbtbbaøtþ iepsg². 43> ADB nwgeliktwkcitþdl;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik[gnum½trcnasm<½n bg;bn edim,ielikkm<s;karsnsmsmécfam Bl nigkmnt;tméletaelikarerbir)as;kñ úgebl nigrduvedlgkásnirtuv)anerbir)as;ercin nigdak;binitükarerbir)as;x Hx ay epsg²etot. ]btßmöfn EdleFVIeLIgBIGtifiCnmYyeTAGtifiCnmYyeTotKYrkat;bnßy ehiykarpþl;cmnyyeta[gtificn EdleRbIR)as;famBlRbcaMExticbMput GacCakarsRmbsRmYlmYyEdlGacTTYlyk)an. RbsinebImankar]btßmÖFn kar]btßmöfnenah RtUveFVIedaymantmøaPaB GacdwgBIcMnYnTwkR)ak;BitR)akd manekaledabitr)akd niggacrtuv)anlub ecalenakñ úgry³eblmfümtamry³karbegá It[manbNþajsuvtß ipabsgámsmrsb. CamYyKñaenHEdr ADB k¾nwgcyy begá It[manynþkarniy½tkmµÉkraCümYy edim,iefv I[mantmøaPaBenAkñ úgkarrkb;rkgvis½yedlbegá It[mankMedA rymman ducca karkmnt;bn nig]btßmöfntamekaleda b edaypþal;.

18 ]bsm<½n > GPivDÆn_smtßPaBKWCaEpñkmYyy:agsMxan;kñúgkarelIkm<s;kMENTRmg; nigkarrkb;rkgfambl[manrbsit PaB. kargpivdæfnfanmnusskwcakarvinieyaktunedlmanry³eblevgenakñúgrbsit PaBénvis½yfamBl. ADB k¾nwgpþl; CMnYyEpñkbec ketsdl;gñkrkb;rkg nigrkumh unpþl;esvasafarn³epsg²etot edim,i[mangmnackñúgkarrkb;rkg enaeblefvirbtibtþikar/ karvipakbn nigkar]btßmöfn nitivifiénkarpþl;gacjab½nñ karvipakelitrmuvkar nigskmµpab epsgetottamggs;edlcam)ac;edim,i[gñkrkb;rkggnuvtþrbkbedayrbsit PaB. elisbienhetaetot ADB nwgpþl;cmnyy bec ketselikarksagsmtßpab EdlBak;B½n etanwgvis½yrbtibtþikarfambltamgmul duccakarerobcmepnkarfambl karbüakrn_trmuvkar karrkb;rkghirbaøvtßú karrkb;rkgrbtibtþikar nigkarefrksartbüsm,tþi nigkarvaytémøesdækic. 45> ADB kmbugetcyybegáincmenhdwg[kan;ettulmtulay nigkmbugeckrmelkcmenhdwgtamgenhtamry³mcämnðl Gb;rMnana. mcämnðltamgenhrtuv)anerobcmeligedim,i[køaycakarkamrtmyyy:agebjtmhwg kñ úgekaledabrgwgsmtßpab tmbn;gasu I)a:su IhV iksrmab;begá ItTsSnaTanfµ I² nigeliksþ ÜykarGPivDÆviTüasaRsþbec kets nigkarrkb;rkg EdlBak;B½n nwg fambls at famblekiteligvij nigbec kvitüas at tamry³kermagbgðajsrmab;karerbir)as;[manrbsit PaB. 46> ADB nwgcyyrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmaciktamggs;edim,ierobcm niggnuvtþkermagfambl edayepþatetaeliknenyüpab karculrym PaBGacBüakrTuk)an nigtmøapab EdlCaFatucaM)ac;énGPi)alkic l. ADB )ankamrtetaelikmnit pþücepþimtmøapab]ssahkmµtajykfambl ( Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative) kalbiqñam2008 ehiy køaycaggákarkamrtmyy edim,ibegáintmøapabr)ak;cmnulenakñúgkermagtajykfambledlpþl;eday ADB. ADB nwg begáintmøapabkan;etxøamgenakñúglt kmµ nigkargpivdæenakñúgkarrkb;rkgsacivkmµ nighirbaøvtßú. ADB nwgefivkarkamrteta elibmengeckd¾smrsbénkarttylxusrvagtynatiekalneya)ay btbbaøtþi nigrbtibtþikar GaRs½ytambribTrbs; RbeTsnImYy² nigtamkmritepsg²kñaénrdæapi)alenah. enacmnucnaedlxøüngacefvieta)an ADB nwgbegáinkic sh- Rbtibtþikar nigelikkm<s;kargpivdæcmnajepsg²etot. ADB nwgpþl;gatipabelikarrkb;rkgénpabpþac;muxelifambl FmµCati nigkarrbkytrbecgkñúgepñkepsg²etoténvis½yfambl. ADB nwgkamrtetaelikmentrmg; EdlelIkkm<s;kar RKb;RKg nigrbsit PaBshRKassaFarN³EdlkMBugdMeNIrkarenAkñúgvis½yfamBl ehiynwgbegáinkarrbkytrbecg nigrbsit PaBenAcMNucNaEdlsmRsb. RbsinebImansMeNIBIRbeTskMBugGPivDÆCasmaCikenaH ADB nwgkamrtetaeli ÉkCnnIykmµshRKassaFarN³ nigcyypøas;bþúrshrkastamgenahbikmµsit irbs;rdæetacakmµsit iékcnrbkbeday tmøapab.

19 15 ]bsm<½n 1 X> EpnkarGnuvtþn_ 47> naykdæangpivdæn_kñúgtmbn; nignirnþrpab nwgkamrtnaykdæanrbtibtþikarnanarbs; ADB enakñúgkargnuvtþn eya)ay ehiykn³kmµafikarfamblnwgpþl;nuvkarkamrtetaelickç úvis½yepñkbec kets edaymankarkamrtbielxa Fikardæanrbs;naykdæanGPivDÆn_kñúgtMbn; nignirnþrpab. 48> ADB nwgcyydl;rdæapi)alénrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik enakñúgkarerobcmepnkargnuvtþsrmab;vis½yfambl rbs;xøün nigyut sarsþshrbtibtþikarenakñúgtmbn;edayep kelikarbipaksaekalneya)ay. karcyyercamercgenh Gac RsbKñaCamYynwgkarerobcMyuT sarsþpabcaédkurbs;rbets RBmTaMgyuT sarsþ nigkmµvifishrbtibtþikarenakñúgtmbn; b k¾ GacRtUv)andak;bBa ÚlenAkñ úgdmenirkarerobcmepnkardac;edayelkmyy EdlsmRsbbMputsRmab;RbeTsnImYy² nigsrmab; GnutMbn;TaMgmUl. 49> Rkbx½NÐmYyEdlmansUcnakreKaledAsamBaز nigedlgacgnuvtþ)ansrmab;[ ADB RtYtBinitüvDÆnPaBén kargnuvtþekalneya)ay manenakñúg]bsm<½n 2. Rkbx½NÐenHbgðajBIlT plsmxan;²edlrtuvsermc[)an nigkarrym cmenkedlek)anesñieligrbs; ADB enakñúgkarefvi[sermclt pltamgenah. etahcay:agnak¾eday edaysarrbets nimyy² nwgsermccitþelicermisyut sarsþ nigekalneya)ayrbs;xø Ünedayxø ÜnÉgenaH duecñh vabi)aknwgbgðajbiekaleda srmab;gnuvtþekalneya)ayrymrbs; ADB enakñúgvis½yfamblenhnas;. sucnakrsrmab;trmnimyy²enakñúgrkbx½nð enh nwgrtuv)anrtytbinitüenakñúggmlúgeblerobcmkar)aykarn_birqñammþgrbs;vis½yfambl ehiyenaetrtuv)aneksrmyl tamry³karbipaksacamyynwgnaykdæanedlbak;b½n. 50> kargnuvtþekalneya)ay trmuv[manfnfanmnuss nigfnfanhirbaøvtßúrkb;rkan;. CMnajcRmuH nigsmtßpab bec kets RtUvEtelIkkm<s;sRmab;karGPivDÆRbsiT PaBfamBl nigfamblekiteligvijtamry³karbipaksay:ag l itl n;camyynwgknkmµafikarfambl nignaykdæanrkb;rkgfvika bukálik nigrbb½n epsg². elisbienhetaetot enaebledlmankermagfamblmyycmnynekinelig eknwgrtuvbegáincmnynbukálikedlmanmuxcmnajepñkfambl. FnFan hirbaøvtßú nwgrtuvmancacam)ac;edim,ignuvtþekalneya)ay rymbba ÚlTaMgkarerobcMEpnTIbgðajpøÚvvis½yfamBlRbcaM RbeTs. trmuvkartamgenh nwgrtuv)anbmebjtamry³karpþl;gatipabcafµinuvmulnififvikaedlman nigmulnifiepsg²etot erkamkmnitpþücepþimbegáitrbsit PaBfamBl esvakmµpabcaédkupþl;hirbaøb,tanfambls at nigrbpbcmnyybec kets nana.

20 V. karpþl;gnusasn_ ]bsm<½n > elakrbfan)anpþl;gnusasn_fa RkumRbwkSaKYrEtGnum½teKalneya)ayfamBlqñaM2009 duc)anerobrab;enakñúg kfax½nð niggnum½tkargnuvtþekalneya)ayfamblenh duc)anbgðajkñúgkfax½nð EdlRtUv)anbBa Úl rymkña ehiyéksarenh nwgcmnysekalneya)ayfamblqñam1995 nigéksareksrmylqñam 2000 énekalneya)ay famblqñam > ekrmbwgtukfaekaleda nigekalkarn_énekalneya)ayenhnwgenaetmansublpabkñ úgry³eblyurbgá Ür. ehtuenh karrtytbinitüeliekalneya)ayerkay²etotnwgrtuv)anefv IeLIgEtenAkñ úglkçx½nð nigeblevlaedlkal³ets³gmenaypl Etb:ueNÑaH.

21 17 ]bsm<½n 1 karvipakekalneya)ay 1> smenism uefv IkarEkERbeTAelIeKalneya)ayfamBlqñaM rbs;fnakargpivdæn_gasu I (ADB) nigkarsermccitþ erobcmkargnuvtþekalneya)aysacafµi RtUvBwgEp ketaelitidæpabtuetamyyénkarekerb EdlCH\T iblmkelitvibgasui nig tmbn;):asuihvik edayepþatetaelikargpivdænanaedltak;tgetanwgfambl nigbbaðayut sarsþepsg². karekerbtamgenh RtUvEp kelikarbinitüeligvijnuvbtbiesafn_knøgmkrbs; ADB enakñúgvis½yfambl nigbtbiesafn_edlbak;b½n rbs; FnaKarGPivDÆn_eTVPaKIdéTeTot (MDBs). karvaytémølm itelibbaðaekalneya)aysmxan;² k¾rtuv)anefvieligpgedr edaybicarnaetaeliekalneya)ayqñam1995 karbinitüeligvijnuvéksarqñam lt plénkarbinitüeligvij nig GaTiPaBnanaEdl)anbegá IteLIgkñ úgrkbx½nðyut sarsþry³eblevg qñam yut sarsþqñam k> vis½yfambl ³ TidæPaBTUeTA 2> trmuvkarfamblkñúgtvibgasui nigtmbn;)a:suihvikkmbugetmankarekineligy:agqab;rh½s edaysarkmeninesdækic Edl minføab;man. eyagtamtipñak;garfamblgnþrcati (IEA) ekrmbwgfatrmuvkarfamblcam)ac;enakñ úgbnþarbetskmbuggpivdæ enatvibgasui nwgbegáincmnynerbgeligbi 3/2 Ban;lanetan kñúgqñam2006 eta 6/3 Ban;lanetankñúgqñaM kmenin enh minmannirnþrpabeliy RbsinebIfamBlEbbenHPaKeRcIn RtUvBwgEp ketaeli\n n³pusuil. karerbir)as;\n n³pusuilkan; EteRcIn nwgefvi[karbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k;kan;etekineligx<s;edr. 3> ekdwgfakarekineligkmedaenaelibipbelakekiteligedaysarkarbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k; ehiypakercinkwbnþal mkbikarerbir)as;\n n³pusuilmankrmitx<s;. bermbrmylgakasfatukyr[kt;smáal; kmbugrtuv)anefv IkarGegát ehiykar ERbRbYlxøH )anch\t ibly:agxøamgetaelibipbelaktamgmul. RbeTsesdækic CaeRcIn)anEksRmYleKalneya)aynanarbs; BYkeKkñúgeKalbMNgkat;bnßytRmUvkarfamBlrbs;xøÜnkñúgeBlGnaKt. b:uenþ ekcam)ac;rtuvmanvifankarkan;etercin CagenH edim,ipøas;bþúrninñakarbc úb,nñénkarekineligkarbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k;. 4> karerbrbyltémøerbgenaeliqakgnþrcatiy:agqab;rh½skwcabnþúkmyykan;etf n; nigvismamart etaelirbetskmbug GPivDÆ. karpát;pág;erbg nigkareligcuhtémøerbg nam[mankarykcitþtukdak;kan;etxøamgetaelisnþisuxfambl edaykar kat;bnßykarerbir)as;erbg nig]btßmöfn nigkarerbir)as;rbpbfamblfmµcatikan;etercin. edim,i[vifankarenhttyl)an ecakc½y cam)ac;rtuvmanvifisarsþmyyy:agtulmtulay nigsuisgvak;kña. vifisarsþcam)ac;enhrymman esckþisermceliekal 1 ADB qñam1995 ekalneya)ayfanakarsrmab;vis½yfambl TIRkugm:anIl. 2 ADB qñam2000 famblqñam2000 ³ karbinitüeligvijeliekalneya)ayfambl TIRkugm:anIl. 3 ADB qñam2008 yut sarsþqñam2020 ³ Rkbx½NÐyuT sarsþkñúgry³eblevgrbs;fanakargpivdæn_gasui qñam TIRkugm:anIl. 4 TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati qñam2008 TsSnvis½yelIfamBlBiPaBelakqñaM2008 TIRkug)a:rIs.

22 ]bsm<½n 1 18 neya)ay Rkbx½NÐc,ab; nigbtbbaøtiþ karsmnsmsmécfambl nigrbsit PaBfamBl karerbir)as;\n n³pusuil[)ancagti brima karbegáinkarerbir)as;famblekiteligvij nigkart mg;tisepñktipsar edim,ieq<ahetarkgpivdæn_rbkbedaynirnþrpab. 5> enatvibgasui nigtmbn;)a:suihvik bbaðafm²détetotk¾kyrnwgttyl)annuvkarykcitþtukdak;pgedr duccatrmuvkarfambl mankarekinelig nigbbaðarbqmkñ úgkarpþl;[rbcablrdærkb;kñattyl)antrmg;pþl;fambltmenib. bc úb,nñenh manmnuss RbEhlmYylannak;enAkñúgtMbn; minmanlt PaBTTYl)anTRmg;famBlTMenIbEbbenHenAeLIy. 6> ADB )anculrymenakñ úgvis½yfamblrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikrbs;xø Ün (DMCs) cab;tamgbiqñam1969 mk. ekalneya)ayfambldmbugbmputrbs; ADB RtUv)anbegá IteLIgenAkñ úgqñam1981 edayepþatetaelikaredahrsayvibtþ iedl bgáeligedaysaretkarekiny:agqab;rh½séntémøerbg 5. ekalneya)ayenhsgát;f n;etaeli (i) kargpivdæehdæarcnasm<½n fambl nigrbpbfamblenakñúgtmbn; (ii) karelikkm<s;rbsit PaB nig (iii) karbegáit[mantipsaredlgmenaypldl;kar vinieyaktunbretsenakñúgrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik. 7> ÉksareKalneya)ayfamBlelIkTIBIr sumemilelxeyag1 EdlecjpSaykñúgqñaM1995 )ankmnt;faenaebl vinieyaktunkñúgvis½yfamblenakñúgrbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacikekinelig enahrbetstamgenahkmbugetmankarlm)ak kñúgkarrkb;rkg nigbmutty)anlt plercineliy CaBiessedaysarrdæaPi)almantYnaTIBIrrYmKña ebalkwgñkbegá IteKalneya- )aypg nigcam as;kmµsit pþac;muxpg. ÉksareKalneya)ayelIkTIBIrenH)anTTYlsÁal;nUvPaBcaM)ac;kñ úgkarefv IkMENTRmg; etaelivis½yfamblenh ehiy)anpþl;gnusasn_fakarvinieyaktunepñkehdæarcnasm< ½n RtUvEteFV IeLIgRbkbeedayPaBfø wgeføg nigdmenirkarrbtibtþikarenh RtUvEtmanhirBaØvtßúRKb;RKan; nigefvieligrbkbedayrbsit PaB. ÉksarenH)anbgðaj BIkar viletarkpabrbrktieligvijtamgrsugénkarcmnay karkat;bnßykar]btßmöfn karbegáitynþkarénbtbbaøtiþékracü nig Bn namcul edayep keliekalkarn_tmøapab. ÉksarenHk¾)anpþl;Gnusasn_[mankareFVIÉkCnPavUbnIykmµCasaCIvkmµ nigkarefv IesrIkmµBaNiC kmµrkumh unpþl;esvasafarn³edlrkb;rkgedayrdæapi)al Gnusasan_[mankarcUlrYmBIvis½yÉkCn nigkargpivdæbanic kmµfamblenakñúgtmbn;. erkabienh enamangnusasn_epsg²etot duccakarelikkm<s;karykcitþtuk dak;etaelikarrkb;rkgtrmuvkar karefrksabrisßan karpát;pág;gkáisnienatamtmbn;cnbt nigkargpivdæfamblekiteligvij. 8> ekalneya)ayfamblqñam1995 RtUv)anBinitüeLIgvijkñúgqñaM2000 sumemilelxeyag2. karbinitüeligvijenh bgðajfa Rkbx½NÐEdlmanRsab;manPaBsmRsb nigl RbesIr b:uenþebitamkarbicarnaetaeligatipab srmab;rbtibtþikar Edl ADB )aneksrmyl nigtrmuvkarekerbrbs;rbetskmbuggpivdæcasmacik enahkarbinitüeligvijenh)anennambikar GPivDÆTIpSarfamBlfaRtUvEtRKb;RKg nigefvigacivkmµékracüedlenhcakareq<ahetarkkarerbir)as;fambl[kan;etman RbsiT PaB karcmnaykan;ettab nigvinieyaktunkan;etmanlkçn³caékcn. ekalneya)ayenhsgát;f n;etaeli (i) 5 ADB qñam1981 tynatirbs;fnakarenakñúgvis½yfamblenakñúgtmbn; Éksarkargarelx 2 TIRkugm:anIl.

23 19 ]bsm<½n 1 karkat;bnßypabrkirktamry³karbegáit[manehdæáarcnasm<½n famblsrmab;nirnþrpabénkmeninesdækic nigelikkm<s; mefüa)ayedlefv I[GñkRkIRkTTYl)anfamBleRbIR)as; CaBiessenAtamtMbn;CnbT (ii) elikkm<s;vinieyaktunékcn tam ry³karerobcmeligvijnuvrcnasm<½n vis½yfambl nigbegáitbrisßancagtipabsrmab;gñkvinieyakékcnnana (iii) EsVgrk dmenahrsaytak;tgnwgplb:hbal;etaelibrisßankñ úgtmbn; nigbipbelak CaBiessbBaðaePøógGasuIt KaMRTfamBls at nig ynþkarbifisarkugküútu 6 (Kyoto Protocol) nigpþl;hirbaøb,tandl;kermagfamblekiteligvij nig (iv) elikkm<s;kic shrbtibtþikarkñúgtmbn;. enakñúgrkbx½nðénekalkarn_camuldæantamgenh karbinitü eligvij)ankamrtetaelikmnitpþücepþim CaeRcIndUcCakarerobcMrcnasm<½n fambleligvij karculrymbivis½yékcn kargpivdæsgám snitankmµ]btßmöfn karrkb;rkg vis½ybec kvitüab½t man karefrksabrisßan RbsiT PaBfamBl nigkarksagsmtßpabcaedim. karbinitüeligvijsrmab; qñam2000 )anesñ Isu M[mankarvaytémøeLIgvijkñ úgry³ebl 5 qñambnþab;. 9> Rbtibtþikarvis½yfamBlrbs; ADB k¾rtuv)annaykdæanvaytémøékracü (IED) efvikarvaytémøpgedr EdlenHCa karbba ak;[exijfarbtibtþikartamgenhmanlkçn³smrsb eqøiytbtan;eblevla ehiycatuetakwttyl)anecakc½y kñúgfax½nðti lt plénkarvaytémøenhbgðajfa karkamrtrbs; ADB cmebahvis½yfamblkyrrtuv)ancmruj edayeyagetaelikarbicarnaekalneya)aysmxan;²birkw RbsiT PaBfamBl niggpi)alkic l. x> TsSnvis½yelItRmUvkarfamBl 10> ekrmbwgtukfa trmuvkarfamblsmxan;²rbs;bipbelaknwgekineligdl; 45 enarvagqñam 2006 nigqñam 2030 ehiy GRtakMeNInCamFümRbcaMqñaMmanRbEhl 1/6 sumemilelxeyag4. enakñúgqñam 2030 trmuvkarfamblsrubnwgekin eligdl; 17/0 btoe eyagtamesnariy: UmYyEdlsnµt;fa RbsinebIKµankarpøas;bþ ÚreKalneya)ayRKb;RKgbEnßmelI ekalneya)ayedl)angnum½tenabak;knþalqñam 2008 enahet. esnariy: UEdlerobcMeLIgedayTIPñak;garfamBl GnþrCatienH ehiyedlrtuv)anekcat;tukfacaesnariy:ueyagenah )anbgðajfa karerbir)as;famblbipbelak Edl)anekIneLIgRbmaNCa 87 nwgbmebajedayrbetsepsg² EdlminsßitenAkñúgGgÁkarshRbtibtþkaresdækic nig GPivDÆn_ (OECD). enakñúgrbetsedlminemnca OECD TaMgenH GRtakMeNInesdækic nigrbcacnnwgenaetmankarekin eligcabgá Ür. \n n³pusu Il nwgmancmnyncag 79 énkmenintrmuvkarfamblcam)ac;edl)anbüakrtuk edayerbgenaetca 6 GnusBaØaénRkbx½NÐshRbCaCati sþibibermbrmylgakasfatu )anefvi[ekttylsáal;fasnñisitpaki (COP) CaRkumRbwkSakMBUlrbs;xøÜnedaymannaTI TTYlxusRtUvRtYtBinitüvDÆnPaBeq<aHeTArkeKaledAénGnusBaØa. kñúgvkádmbugrbs; COP RtUveFVIeLIgenAkñúgTIRkugEb klamg RbeTsGaløWm:g GnusBaØaenH RtUv)aneKseRmcfa karebþcjacitþmunqñam2000 nwgrkan;etrtuv)anekbegáiteligsrmab;pakién]bsm<½n 1 b:uenñah. enakñúgvkáti3 én COP kñúgtirkugküútu RbeTsCb:un katbvkic EdlRtUvbMeBjeTAtamc,ab;sRmab;RbeTs]sSahkmµcMnYn 38 RbeTs nig 11 RbeTseTotenA GWur:ubkNþal niggwr:ubxagekit RtUv)aneKbegá IteLIgedIm,IkMNt;karbMPay]s½ µnpþhkba k;etakñúgbriyakas[sß itenakrmitrbmanca 5/2 erkamkrmitpayeligkñ úgqñam1990 enakñúg GMLúgeBlénkarebþCJacitþkñúgqñaM lkçn³ebbenhrtuv)anek[eqµahfa BIFIsarRkugtUküÚ edim,ieqøiytbetanwggnusbaøa (Kyoto Protocol to the Convention).

24 ]bsm<½n 1 20 vtßúfatuy:agsmxan;énrbpbfamblcmruhcam)ac;. etahbicatrmuvkar]sµ ½nFmµCatiekIneLIgk¾eday CaBiessedaysarkMeNIn énkarniymkarplitfamblgkáisnigkáisniedayerbir)as;]sµ½n FüÚgfµ nwgenaetcarbpbpþl;fambld¾smxan; srmab; begáitfamblgkáisni. kareckcayfamblnuyekøeg 5/3 nigfamblvarigkáisni 2/4 nwgenaetmanpabrbrkti dedl. ekrmbwgfa kareckcaykarerbir)as;famblcivm:as nwgmankarfycuhedaysarkmeninénkarerbir)as;fambl TMenIbenAtamCnbTénRbeTskMBugGPiDÆ. kareckcayrbpbfamblekiteligvijepsgetot elikelgetfamblvarigká isni nigcivm:asfm²ecj nwgmancmnynrbmanca 2/1 éntrmuvkarfamblcam)ac;enaelibipbelak tarag k1>1. tarag k1>1 ³ trmuvkarfamblcam)ac;enaelibipbelak kñúgesnariy:ueyag esµinwgerbglanetan fambl karebgeck 2030 (%) k (%) FüÚg 1,788 2,295 3,053 4,023 4, erbg 3,107 3,649 4,029 4,525 5, ]sµ½n 1,235 2,088 2,407 2,903 3, famblnuyekøeg famblvarigkáisni CIvm:as nigkaksmnl; 748 1,045 1,186 1,375 1, famblekiteligvijepsg² srub 7,223 10,034 11,730 14,121 17, k GRtakMeNInCamFümRbcaMqñaM RbPB ³ TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati qñam2008 TsSnvis½yfamBlBiPBelakqñaM2008 Rkug)a:rIs. 11> FnFanfamBlBiPBelakmanRKb;RKan; srmab;kmenintrmuvkarfambledl)anbüakr ducedl)anbgðajenakñúg esnariy:ueyag b:uenþrbpbtamgenhmanl,ayminesµikñaetatampumisarsþnimyy². edim,ibmebjnuvtrmuvkarfambledl kmbugetekinelig eknwgrtuvkarcacam)ac;nuvvinieyaktuncag 26/3 EsnekadiduløarGaemrik duløarkñúgqñam2007 TUTaMg BiPBelak ehiykarbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k;rtuv)anbüakrfa nwgekineligpgedr 7. karbüakrtukcamunbitrmuvkartamggs; enhefvi[manplvi)akdl;nirnþpabbrisßan. edim,ivaytémøplvi)aktamgenh srmab;vis½yfambledl)anxitxmerbir)as; mefüa)aymyyepsgetot srmab;bipbelak edim,ikarbeba j]sµ½npþhkba k; TIPñak;garfamBlGnþrCati)anbegáItesNarIy:U 7 karbeba jkabundiguksuitrtuv)anek)a:n;sµanfa mancmnyn 45 kñúgqñam2030x<s;cagqñam2006.