bursti1 ³ I = )at nag erbicmnysgñkniyayetmñak;kt; erbicmnysgñkniyayercinnak;

Átírás

1 sbv VnaménPasaGg; ;ekø øs PRONOUN OF ENGLISH smnyr = Pronoun KWCaGVI? EckecjCab:unµanEpñk? manepñkgvixøh? cemøiy = Pronoun ERbfa : sbvnam : EdleRbIsMrab;CMnYseQµaHmnusS stv vtßú b CMnYsTIkEnøg epsg². sbvnam )anrtuverbikñúgbmngedim,iecosvagkarerbieqµahmnuss stv vtßú b TIkEnøgsÞÜn Kña b RcMEdl² EdlCaehtuminBieraHsþab;. PasaGg;eKøs ekebgeck Pronoun Ca8cMENkKW³ 1-Personal Pronoun = burssbvnam 2-Possessive Pronoun = samisbvnam 3-Definite Pronoun = niymsbvnam 4-Indefinite Pronoun = GniymsBVnam 5-Interrogative Pronoun = buqän³sbvnam 6-Relative Pronoun = snþansbvnam 7-Reflexive Pronoun = sbvnamqø úhrtlb; qøúhbba amg 8-Distributive Pronoun = vipaksbvnam sbvnamvipak 1>1 -Personal Pronoun ERbfa³ burssbvnam. sbvnamenh erbismrab;cmnyseqµahbit rbs;gñkniyay niggñksþab; CMnYseQµaHBitrbs;vtßú nigtikenøg. burssbvnameckecjca2vcn³ ehiynig3bursduc³ Ékvcn³ Bhuvcn³ bursti1 ³ I = )at nag We = eyig BYkeyIg erbicmnysgñkniyayetmñak;kt; erbicmnysgñkniyayercinnak; bursti2 ³ You = Gñk elak Gñknag GñkRsI You = BYkGñk BYkelak erbicmnysgñkedleyigniyaycamyyetmñak;kt; bursti3 ³ He = Kat; erbicmnysbursetmñak;kt;edleyigniyaydl; ³ She = Kat; erbicmnysgñkedleyigniyaycamyyercinnak; They = BYkKat; erbicmnysbursercinkñaedleyigniyaydl; They = BYkKat; 105

2 erbicmnysrsþietmñak;kt;edleyigniyaydl; erbicmnysrsþiercinkñaedleyigniyaydl; ³ It = va They = BYkva erbicmnysstv¼vtßú¼tikenøgetmyyedleyig erbicmnysstv¼vtßú¼tikenøgercinedleyig niyaydl; niyaydl; erkabienh Personal Pronoun )anrtuvebgeckca5rbeptetot KWtRmUveTAtamkareRbIR)as;³ Nominative Case erbicarbfan I We You He She It They Accusative Case erbicakmµbt me us you him her it them ty YnaTI Irbs; Possessive Adj. KuNnamCam as; Possessive Pron. sbvnamcam as; my mine our ours your yours his his her hers its its their theirs ; PERSONAL PRONOUN Reflexive Pron. sbvnamqøúhrtlb; myself ourselves yourself,-ves himself herself itself themselves smnyr = Personal Pronoun rubti1 mannati function CaGVI)anxøH? cemøiy = Personal Pronoun rubti1 man³ I, We, You, He, She, It nig They erbiefvinatiducteta³ 1 -erbiefvinaticarbfan Nominative Case rbs;kiriyas½bþkñúgrbeyak)anduc³ I know everything from him. dwgrkb;ya:gbikat; You can speak English better than French. elakgacniyaypasagg;ekøs)anl CagPasa)araMg He is the principal of O Ambel primary school. Kat;CanayksalabzmsikSaGUrGMbil She has been loved by many people. nagmanekrslaj;ercinnas; They like to play football after class. BYkeKcUlcitþelg)al;Tat;eRkayeBleron 2 -erbiefvinaticaepñkbmebjbrgáb;rbs;kiriyas½bþ Subjective Complement EdlPaKeRcIn ekdak;vabixagerkaykiriyas½bþ To be duc³ If I were he, I would not do that. ebi CaKat;vijenaH minefviduecñaheliy It is I, who can repair your computer. 106

3 KW EdlGacCYsCulkMuBüÚT½rrbs;elak)an smnyr = Personal Pronoun rubti2 efvinati function CaGVI)anxøH? cemøiy = Personal Pronoun rubti2man³ Me, Us, You, Him, Her, It nig Them EdleKeRbIdUc teta³ 1 -erbiefvinaticakmµbt Accusative Case b Object rbs;kiriyas½bþkñúgrbeyak)anduc³ Boreth meets me at school every day. buer:tcyb enasalaeronral;éf We miss her very much. BYkeyIgnwknagxøaMgNas; The teacher watches us paying volleyball. elakrkuemilbykeyigelg)al;th 2 -erbiefvinaticakmµbt Object rbs;gaytni)at Preposition duc³ My mother thought of me a lot when I left her for Sihanouk Ville. ma:k; Kwtdl; xøamgnas;naebledl ecjbikat;etakan;rkugrbhsihnu She is very pleased to stay with him. nagsb,aycitþxøamgnas;eday)anenacamyykat; We pay attention to her alone. eyigykcitþtukdak;cmebahnagmñak;kt; 3 -erbiefvinaticarbfanrbs; Infinitive )anduc³ He asked me to work with him in Otdar Meanchey Province. Kat;)ansMu egayefvikarcamyykat;enaextþ]tþrmanc½y I told her to study English and Japanese. )anr)ab;nagegayeronpasagg;ekøs nigcb:un karerbi I IT tamebbebjelj It CasBVnambursTI3Ékvcn³ EdleyIgEtgEtyl;fa BaküenHeRbICMnYsstV vtßú ehiynig TIkEnøgÉkvcn³b:ueNÑaH. pþúyetavij vagacerbicmnysnam)anercinya:gducteta³ 1 -erbicmnysstv vtßú nigtikenøg)anduc³ This is my dog. It is a very grateful animal. enhcaeqárbs;. vacastvmyyedldwgkunm as;xøamgnas; Boreth likes this car. He bought it from Japan. buer:tculcitþlanenhnas;. Kat;TijvaBIRbeTsCb:un 107

4 My home is in O Ambel village. It is not so far from Serey Sophoan market. pþhrbs; enakñúgpumigurgmbil. vasßitenaminq ayb:unµanbipsarsiriesap½net 2 -erbicamyy épþemx FatuGakas eblevla nigcm aypøúv)anduc³ It is very hot today. éf enhgakasfatuekþaxøamgnas; It is raining too much outside. xagerkaepøógkmbugføak;xøamgnas; It is five minutes to two. xvh5natiema:g2 5naTIeTotema:g2ehIy It is two hundred kilometers to Phnom Penh. etapñmebjmancm aypøúv200kilúem:rt It takes nine hours from Svay Rieng to Banteay Meanchey. BIsVayerogeTAbnÞaymanC½yeRbIeBlcMnYn9ema:g 3 -erbicarbfanrbs;kiriyas½bþ To be kñúgebletanammux Clause b Phrase )anduc³ It is probable that it will rain today. GacfanwgmanePøógFøak;kñ úgéf enh It is very hard to do this job. Bi)akxøaMgNas;EdlnwgeFVIkargarenH cmnam³ RbeyaKTaMg2xagelI GacerobvasaCafµI)an edayminman It EdlCaRbFandUc³ That it will rain today is probable. EdlfaePøógnwgFøak;kñúgéf enhgacetaryc To do this job is very hard. karefvikargarenhcaerogbi)akxøamgnas; 4 -erbicamyyekµg b TarkEdleTIbekIt b k¾camyyekµgtuc² BiesscMeBaHGñkniyayEdl min)andwgfaekµgenah² maneptgvi b k¾niyayedaymin)anbba ak;casmxan;etaelieptduc³ Look at that long-haired child. It is very pretty. emilekµgedlmansk;evgenahcuh s atxøamgnas; The baby is in bed. It is crying. ekµgedkenaelierk ek va kmbugetym 5 -erbi It kñúgsmnynénrbeyak Passive Voice tetaenh)anduc³ It is said that... = ekniyayfa>>> It is hoped that... = eksgçwmfa>>> 108

5 It is believed that... It is understood that... It is expected that... = ekecofa>>> = ekyl;fa>>> = ekrmbwgfa>>> It is believed that negligence is the path of death. ekecofaesckþirbmatcapøúvénesckþisøab; karerbi I SUBJECT FORM ni ig OBJECT FORM BI IeRkayki iri iyas½ ½BÞ Þ TO BE b BaküRbhak; ;RbEhl nw wgki iri iyas½ ½BÞ Þ TO BE smnyr = Pronoun EdltamBIeRkaykiriyas½BÞ To be, Except, Let nigbakü Than, As...as, Such as, Between nig But eyigerbirubnal rvag Subject Form rubrbfan nig Object Form rubkmµbt? cemøiy = BaküTaMgenH hak;duccarcbukrcbl;bnþicenaeblman Pronoun erbibierkay erbahbbaða enhetgetekitmanfa eblxøherbirubrbfan eblxøherbirubkmµbt ehiyenaeblxøhetot kenøgedl KYreRbICarUbRbFan RtLb;CaeRbIrUbkmµbTeTAvij. b:uenþkarerbir)as;ya:gna²enah sumcun]tahrn_ ducteta³ 1 -erbisbvnamedlcarubkmµbt Object Form kñúgebledlvasßitenabierkaykiriyas½bþ To be It s..., That s..., This is... kñúgrbeyak)anduc³ Who is that? It s me. GñkNaeKhñwg? KW Na+ kmuerbi It s I. egayesah That s her over there. enah nagenatienah kmuerbi That s she over there. egayesah Look at this photo. This is him standing in front of the office. emilrubftenh enhkwrubkat;kmbugqrenamuxkariyal½y kmuerbi This is he... egayesah 2 -erbivatambierkaykiriyas½bþ To be kñúgrbeyaktetaenh. eyiggacerbicarubrbfan b Ca rubkmµbt)anenah KWGaRs½yelIn½yb esckþirbs;rbeyak faetivasßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvigmebi b CaGñkTTYlGMeBI enakñ úgrbeyakedltambierkaytamgenah. sumbnül;ducteta³ 2>1-sUmeRbIsBVnamEdlCarUbRbFan Subject Form erbahvasßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvi GMeBIenAkñ úgrbeyakedltambierkayduc³ 109

6 It was I who bought this computer last year. KW Edl)anTijkMuBüÚT½renHkalBIqñaMeTA erbi I erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvigmebiegaykiriyas½bþ bought It is she who can speak Chinese. KWnagEdlGacniyayPasacin)an erbi she erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvigmebiegaykiriyas½bþ can speak 2>2-sUmeRbIsBVnamEdlCarUbkmµbT Object Form erbahvasßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttyl GMeBIenAkñ úgrbeyakedltambierkayduc³ It is them who(m) Boreth is looking for. KWBYkeKEdlb:Uer:tkMBugtamrk erbi them erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttylgmebibikiriyas½bþ looking for It was me who(m) she loved very much. KW EdlnagRsLaj;ya:gxøaMg erbi me erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttylgmebibikiriyas½bþ loved cmnam³ karerbikñúgrbeyak 2>1 nig 2>2 Gacrab;bBa ÚlTaMgkareRbIBakü Except pgedrduc³ k¼-ebisßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvigmebi sumerbisbvnamrubrbfanduc³ No one except he who could speak Japanese here. enatienhkµangñknaerkabikat;etedlgacniyaypasacb:un)an erbi he erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkefvigmebiegaykiriyas½bþ could speak x¼-ebisßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttylgmebi sumerbisbvnamrubkmµbtduc³ No one except him who(m) she loved very much. KµanGñkNaeRkABIKat;eTEdlnagRsLaj;ya:gxøaMg erbi him erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttylgmebibikiriyas½bþ loved No one except her who(m) I asked for marrying. KµanGñkNaeRkABInageTEdl smuerobkarcamyy erbi her erbahsßitenakñúglkçn³cagñkttylgmebibikiriyas½b asked for 3 -BIeRkay Let sumerbisbvnamrubkmµbt Object Form duc³ Let me congratulate you on winning the prize. sumegay smedgesckþiertkgrcamyyelakpgedlelak)anttylrgvan; Don t let her stay here alone, please. sumemtþakmuegaynagenatienhmñak;égegayesah 110

7 sumerbi me nig her ehiykmuerbi I nig she egayesah 4 -BIeRkay Than ekgacerbisbvnamrubrbfank¾)an b k¾rubkmµbtk¾)anedr KWGaRs½yelI n½yedlgñkniyaycg;erbib:uenñah ehiybakü Than EtgEtman More enabixagmuxsbvnamduc³ I like you more than she. culcitþelakercincagnag mann½yfa culcitþelakercincagnagculcitþelak duecñhnagk¾cagñkculcitþelakedr eyigexijfa ekerbi she rubrbfan erbahfa she CaGñkeFVIGMeBI KWcUlcitþelakEdr I like you more than her. culcitþelakercincagnag mann½yfa culcitþelakercincag culcitþnag duecñhnagcagñkedl culcitþ eyigexij fa ekerbi her rubkmµbt erbahfa her CaGñkTTYlGMeBI KWCaGñkEdl culcitþedr 5 -BIeRkay As...as ekgacerbisbvnamrubrbfank¾)an b k¾rubkmµbtk¾)anedr KWGaRs½yelI n½yedlgñkniyaycg;erbib:uenñahduc³ He likes her as much as I. Kat;cUlcitþnageRcIndUc mann½yfa Kat;cUlcitþnageRcIndUc culcitþnag CaGñkEdlcUlcitþnag duecñh KWCaGñkeFVI GMeBIeTAelInag EdlsßitenAkñúglkçN³CaRbFanpgEdr etiberbi I I like you as much as him. culcitþelakercinduckat; mann½yfa culcitþelakercinb:unña k¾culcitþkat;ercinb:unñwgedr duecñhkat;kwcagñkttyl GMeBI EdlsßitenAkñúglkçN³CakmµbT etiberbi him 6 -BIeRkay Such as ekgacerbisbvnamrubrbfank¾)an b k¾rubkmµbtk¾)anedr KWGaRs½y elin½yedlgñkniyaycg;erbib:uenñahduc³ I give them money such as she. egayluybykekducnag mann½yfa egayluybykekducnagegaybykekedr duecñhnagkwcagñkefvigmebietaelibykek duc efviedr etiberbi she erbahvasßitenakñúglkçn³carbfan You will visit us such as her. elaknwgmksyrsuxtukçeyigducnag 111

8 mann½yfa elaknwgmksyrsuxtukçbykeyigducedlelak)anetasyrsuxtukçnagedr duecñhnag KWCaGñkTTYlGMeBI EdlsßitenAkñúglkçN³CakmµbT etiberbi her 7 -BIeRkay Between ekgacerbisbvnamrubkmµbt Object Form rhutduc³ The principal is standing between him and me. elaknayksalakmbugqrenacenøahkat; nig sumkmuerbi he nig I egayesah 8 -BIeRkay But EdlERbfa : erkabi b elikelget Except : sumerbisbvnamrub RbFan Subject Form rhutduc³ All but he could pass the examination. TaMgGs;elIkElgEtnag mñak;ég RbLgCab;RKb;Kña BYkeKTaMgGs;)anRbLgCab; Etnagmñak;Égb:ueNÑaHEdlRbLgminCab; All but I had escape. TaMgGs;elIkElgEt mñak;ég )anrt;ekcxøüngs;ehiy BYkeKTaMgGs;)anrt;eKcxøÜnrYc elikelget mñak;égb:uenñahrt;minryc 2>2 -Possessive Pronoun ERbfa³ samisbvnam. sbvnamenh smrab;erbicmnysnamkñúg karsmedgpabcam as;. tambitetavakwca Personal Pronoun EdlsßitenAkñúgburssBVnamrUbTI4³ mine = rbs; rbs;nag ours = rbs;eyig rbs;bykeyig yours = rbs;elak Gñk rbs;bykelak Gñk his = rbs;kat; Rbus hers = rbs;kat; RsI rbs;nag its = rbs;va theirs = rbs;ek rbs;bykek TaMgRbusRsI BaküTaMg7xagelICa Possessive Pronouns. vamanvifierbir)as;3ya:gducteta³ 2>2>1¼-eRbICaRbFanrbs;kiriyas½BÞ Subject of a Verb kñúgrbeyak)an Etk¾RtUvmanesckþI epsg²mkenabixagmuxcamunsinedrduc³ Your friend is Thai, and mine is American. mitþrbs;elakkwcacncatiéf cmenkémitþrbs; CaCnCatiGaemrikaMg 112

9 mine Ca possessive pronoun efvinaticarbfanrbs; is Their car is new, but hers is old. Lanrbs;BYkeKfµI ÉLanrbs;nagcas; hers Ca possessive pronoun efvinaticarbfanrbs; is 2>2>2¼-eRbICa Subject Compliment kñúgrbeyak)an ehiypakercineketgetdak;vabi erkaykiriyas½bþ To be duc³ This motorcycle is mine; that one is yours. m:utuenhcarbs; Etm:UtUenaHCarbs;elak mine nig yours Ca possessive pronouns efvinatica subject complement rbs; is 2>2>3¼-eRbIsgát;bBa ak;esckþiedlmann½ycam as; Double Possessive EtRtUvdak;BIeRkay Gaytni)at Of EdlmanTRmg;³ A + Noun + Of + Possessive Pronoun duc³ A friend of mine = One of my friends. mitþmñak;rbs; mitþrbs; mñak; A brother of yours = One of your brothers. b ÚnRbusmñak;rbs;elak b ÚnRbusrbs;elakmñak; A computer of her = One of her computers. kmubüút½rmyyrbs;nag kmubüút½rrbs;nagmyy I met a friend of mine at the karaoke s. )ancybmitþrbs; mñak;enahagxara:guex A watch of her is very dear. nalikaédrbs;nagmantméléføxøamgnas; cmnam³ sumkmurclm Possessive Pronoun nwg Possessive Adjective EdlCasBVnamrUbTI3 Edlman³ My, Our, Your, His, her, Its nig Theirs egayesah. BaküTaMgenH ekerbivaca KuNnamsMEdgPaBCam as; minemncasbvnamsmedgpabcam as;et duecñhenaeblerbi RtUvmannamtam BIeRkayCanic. cmenké Possessive Pronoun mincam)ac;mannamtambierkayeliy. sumcun karerbobefobducteta³ POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN Possessive Adjective mannamtambierkay Possessive Pronoun minmannamtambierkay This is my book. enhcaesoveparbs; This book is mine. esovepaenhcaesoveparbs; 113

10 3>3 -Definite Pronoun ERbfa³ niymsbvnam. sbvnamenh smrab;erbicmnysnamkñúg krniefvikarcg úlbgðajedaycmebah. EteTaHCaya:gNak¾eday niymsbvnamedlsmxan; nigerbi R)as;eRcInCageKKW³ This, These, That, Those, One, Ones, EdlsUmeFVIkarsBnül;dUcteTA³ This ERbfa³ : enh : erbicmnysnamékvcn³ Edlvtß úenh sßitenacitxøüngñkniyaycanic. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ This is an interesting book. enhkwcaesovepaedlkyregaycab;garmµn_ This CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; is Which book do you want? I want this. esovepanamyyedlelakrtuvkar? RtUvkaresovePAenH This CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; want That ERbfa³ : enah : erbicmnysnamékvcn³ EdlvtßúenaH sßitenaq aybixøüngñkniyay. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbt)anduc³ That is the thing I need. enhcarbs;edl RtUvkar That CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; is I used to do that before. Føab;eFVIkic karenahbimunmkehiy That CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; do One tamn½yedimerbfa³ : myy : EteBlnaMmkeRbICaniymsBVnam Definite Pronoun n½yrbs;vaminenadedleliy KWvaGaRs½yeTAelIesckþIEdl One etacmnys. mann½yfa One RtUv etacmnysnamna vakwcanamenahetmþg. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ Which car do you possess? I possess the red one. etielakcam as;lannamyy? Cam as;lanbn Rkhm one CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; possess There are many books on the table. The green one belongs to me. manesovepacaercink,alenaelitu esovepabn ébtgcaesoveparbs; one CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; belongs 114

11 These ERbfa³ : TaMgenH b TaMgGs;enH : erbicmnysnambhuvcn³ ehiyvtßúenah sßitena CitxøÜnGñkniyay. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ These are students. TaMgenHCasisS These CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; are I can not understand the exercises. Can you explain these to me? mingacyl;)annuvlmhat;tamgenhet etielakgacbnül;lmhat;tamgenhdl; )anet? These CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; explain Those ERbfa³ : TaMgenaH b TaMgGs;enaH : erbicmnysnambhuvcn³ ehiyvtßúenah sßitena q aybixøüngñkniyay. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ Those are my friends. They have been here for 3 weeks. TaMgGs;enaHCamitþP½kþ rbs; BYkeKmkenATIenH)ancMnYn3s)þah_ehIy Those CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; are He had done those before he came here. Kat;)aneFVIkic kartamgenahehiymunebledlkat;mktienh Those CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; done Ones tamn½yedimerbfa³ : BYkmYy b RkummYy : EteBlnaMvamkeRbI CaniymsBVnam Definite Pronoun n½yrbs;vaminenadedleliy vagars½yetaeliesckþiedl Ones etacmnys. mann½yfa Ones RtUveTACMnYsnamNa vakwcanamenahetmþg EtsUmcaMfa vartuvcanambhuvcn³. ekgacerbiva)antamgrbfan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ The laptops in the shelf are expensive, but ones on the table are cheap. kmubüút½relbfb; yyréd enaeliefñirmantméléfø EtBBYkkuMBüÚT½renAelItumantMélefak ones CaniymsBVnam efvinaticarbfanrbs; are Which oranges will you have? I will have the big ones. etirkuc BYkmYy NaEdlelaknwgTTYlTan? nwgttyltanrkucfm² ones CaniymsBVnam efvinaticakmµbtrbs; have cmnam³ niymsbvnam definite pronoun Edl)anGFib,ayrYcmkehIyenH vacasbvnamedlerbitam n½yenaeblva)anrtuverbietég edayminmannamtambierkayb:uenñah. EtRbsinebIeRbIedaymannam 115

12 tambierkayvijenah vanwgminmannaticaniymsbvnameliy EtvaeFVInaTICaKuNnam adjective etavij. sumemilkarerbobefobxagerkam³ Ca Adjective erbahmannamtambierkay Ca Definite Pronoun erbahkµannamtambierkay This school is new. salaeronen³fµi These boys are clever. ekµgrbustamgenhqøat One pupil is in the room. sissmñak;enakñúgbnþb; This is a new school. enhcasalaeronfµi These are clever boys. TaMgenHCaekµgRbusqøat I can have this one. Gacmanrbs; vtßú myyenh)an 4>4 -Indefinite Pronoun ERbfa³ GniymsBVnam. sbvnamenh smrab;erbicmnysnamtueta Edlmin)ancg úlbgðajedaycmebahfa CMnYsGñkenH b GñkenaH vtßúenh b vtßúenaheliy. Gniym sbvnamrbeptenh manducteta³ some any none any all someone somebody something anybody anyone few everybody everything many nobody others = GñkxøH myycmnyn = GñkxøH myycmnyn = KµanGñkNamñak; = GñkxøH myycmnyn = GñkxøH = GñkxøH = GñkxøH = vtß úmyycmnyn = GñkxøH = GñkxøH = bnþicbnþüc = Gñkral;Kña = RKb;ya:g = ercin = KµanGñkNa = epsg² etc. 116

13 sbvnamtamgenh GaceRbIeFVInaTI)anTaMgRbFan nigtamgkmµbtduc³ There are many people at the party. Some are eating, but some are drinking. manmnusscaercinenakñúgbificb;elogenah GñkxøHkMBugjúaM GñkxøHkMBugpwk some TaMg2Bakü efvinaticarbfanrbs; eating nig drinking When I went by your house I did not see anyone in it. ebl edirkat;tampþhrbs;elak minexijmangñknaenakñúgpþhet anyone efvinaticakmµbtrbs; see None of us can answer to that question. BYkeyIgminmanGñkNaGaceqøIynwgsMNYrenaH)anesaH All are drowned. BYkeKTaMgGs;Kñalg;Twksøab;Gs;eTAehIy Many are called; but few are chosen. mnusscaercin)anrtuvehamk EtmnusStictYcb:ueNÑaHEdl)aneRCIserIs 5>5 -Interrogative Pronoun ERbfa³ buqän³sbvnam KWCasBVnamsMrab;eRbICMnYsnam EdlCaBaküsYrsMNYr. enaeblerbisbvnamrbeptenh nwgminmannamtambierkayvaet. buqän³ sbvnammanducteta³ Who, Whom, Whose, What, Which EdlmankareRbIR)as;dUcteTA³ Who ERbfa³ : GñkNa : erbisyrdl;bukál EdleFVInaTICaRbFanrbs;kiriyas½BÞdUc³ Who wants to take part in the football match? etigñknacg;culrymkñúgkarrbkyt)al;tat;enah? Who made you cry? etigñknaefviegaygñkym? Whom ERbfa³ : GñkNa : erbisyrdl;bukál EdleFVInaTICakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞdUc³ Whom do you wish to see? etielakcg;cybgñkna? Whom shall I marry next year? eti nwgerobkarcamyygñknaenaqñamerkay? cmnam³ karerbi Whom efvinaticakmµbt enakñúgrbeyaksnþnaebbgay² eyiggacerbi Who CMnYsvijk¾)andUc³ Who(m) are you speaking to? etielakkmbugniyaycamyy etakan; GñkNa? Who(m) did you write that letter to? 117

14 etielaksresrsmburtmyyc,ab;enahepjietagñkna? Excuse me; I don t know who you mean. sumetas mindwgfaelakniyaybigñknaet Whose ERbfa³ : rbs;gñkna : erbisyrdl;bukáledlcam as; EdlsBVnamenH minman namtambierkayyvaetduc³ Whose is this computer? etikmubüút½renhcarbs;gñkna? Whose is that car? etilanenahcarbs;gñkna? cmnam³ eyiggacerbi Whose edaymannamtambierkayk¾)anedr EdlmannaTICaKuNnamBRgIknam EdltamBIeRkayenaHdUc³ Whose computer is this? etienhcakmubüút½rrbs;gñkna? Whose car is that? etienahcalanrbs;gñkna? What ERbfa³ : GVI : CasBVnamsMrab;eRbIsYrdl;vtßú EdleRbI)anTaMgRbFan nigkmµbtduc³ What is in the box? etigvienakñúgrbgb;enh? what CaRbFan What is delayed you this morning? RBwkmiujenH etigviedlefviegayelakmankarywtya:v? what CaRbFan What does your sister do here every morning? etierogral;rbwkb ÚnRsIrbs;elakeFVIGVIenATIenH? what CakmµbTrbs; do cmnam³ erkabi What erbisyrdl;vtßúehiyenah ekgacerbivasyrgmbibukál)anpgedr KWsYrdl;GaCIB profession tynati roles sßanpab status b syrdl;sba ati nationality CaedImdUc³ What is your father? eti«bukrbs;elakcagvi? What is his nationality? etikat;mansba aticagvii? What are you? etielakcagvii? What is Mr. Sam Onn? etielaksmguncagvii? -He is a policeman. -Kat;Cab:UlIs -His nationality is Khmer. -sba atirbs;kat;kwcaexµr -I am the principal. - Canayksala -He is the staff of UNDP. -Kat;CabuKÁlik yugindipi 118

15 Which ERbfa³ : myyna : erbisyrdl;stv b vtßú EdleRbI)anTaMgRbFan nigkmµbtduc³ Which is the best? etimyynal bmput? Which do you prefer? -The green one is the best. which CaRbFan -BN ébtgl bmput -Pepsi and Coke. which CakmµbTrbs; prefer etielakculcitþmyynacag? -rvagtwkrkuc buibsiu nig xuk cmnam³ erkabierbi Which syrdl;stv nigvtß úehiyenah ekgacerbivasyrgmbibukál)anpgedr ebigñk syrmanbmngsyr edim,iefviegaymankarerciserisrvagcmnyn2 b kñúgcmenamcmnynkmnt;namyyduc³ Which do you love between Malai and Kim Ny? etielakrslaj;gñkna rvagma:l½y nigkwmni? There are children and adults. Which do you want to help? manekµg²ehiy nigmnusscas; etielakcg;cyygñkna? Which are your children in this photo? etigñknacakunecarbs;elakenakñúgrubftenh? cmnam³ ebierbi Which tambimuxnamvijenah vacakunnam adjective BRgIknam vaminemncabuqän³ sbvnametoteliyduc³ Which boy is your brother? etiekµgrbusnamyycab ÚnRbusrbs;elak? Which country are you from? etielakmkbirbetsnaedr? 6>6 -Relative Pronoun ERbfa³ snþansbvnam )andl;sbvnamsmrab;erbicmnysnam Edl sßitenaxagmux ehiyenaeblcamyykñaenh k¾efvinatip ab;rbeyakmux nigrbeyakerkayegayman esckþicab;kñapgedr. müa:getot vagacefvinaticarbfan b CakmµbTrbs;RbeyaKeRkay)anEfmeTot pg. snþansbvnam EdleKniymeRbIman³ Who, Whom, Whose, Which, Where, What, When, Why nig That. BaküTaMgenH enaeblerbicasnþansbvnam n½yrbs;vamankarerbrbylxusbin½y edimrbs;va]tahrn_³ Who n½yedimerbfa : GñkNa : Etn½yCasnñansBVnamERbfa : Edl b GñkEdl : duc³ He is the postman who brings a letter for us at home. Kat;KWCaburséRbsNIy_EdlyksMbuRtmYyc,ab;eGayeyIgdl;pÞH Baküfa Who kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an3ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 119

16 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam the postman EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CaRbFanrbs;kiriyas½BÞ brings kñ úgrbeyakedltambierkay 3-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ He is the CamYyRbeyaKxageRkayKW³ brings a letter for us at home. The boy who studies hard can pass the examination easily. postman ekµgrbusedlxmrbwgerongacrblgcab;)anya:ggay Baküfa Who kñ úgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbm²kñakñ úgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam boy EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CaRbFanrbs;kiriyas½BÞ studies kñúgrbeyakedltambierkay Whom ERbfa : GñkEdl : EdleRbICMnYsnambuKÁl ehiyenaeblerbiehiyenah Whom sßitenacagñkttylgmebicanic duc³ That is the father whom his son died. enahca«bukedlkunrbusrbs;kat;)ansøab; : : Baküfa Whom kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an3ya:grbmkñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam father EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞ died kñúgrbeyakedltambierkay 3-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ That is the father CamYyRbeyaKxageRkayKW³ his son died. The commune clerk whom I saw at the office this morning is Mr.Channy. esµónxmuedl )ancybenakariyal½ybirbwkmiujenhkwcaelakcan;ni Baküfa Whom kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam commune clerk EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞ saw kñúggnurbeyakedltambierkay Whose ERbfa GñkEdl>>>rbs;Kat; EdleRbICMnYsnambuKÁl edim,ismedgdl;pabca m as;rbs;namedltambierkay. enabierkay Whose EtgmannamCanic duc³ Sam Onn is the father whose elder son died by car accident on 4 th October smgunca«bukedlkunrbusc,grbs;kat;)ansøab;edayerkahfñak;rfynþenaéf TI4ExtulaqñaM2002 Baküfa Whose kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an3ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 120

17 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam father EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CaBaküsMEdgPaBCam as; elder son kñúgrbeyakedltambierkay 3-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ Sam Onn is the father CamYyRbeyaKxageRkayKW³ elder son died by car accident on 4 th October The girls whose mother has died are my niece. ekµgrsi²edlmþayrbs;bykek)ansøab;enahcakµüyrsirbs; Baküfa Whose kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbmkñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam girls EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CaBaküsMEdgPaBCam as;rbs; mother kñúgrbeyakedltambierkay Which ERbfa : Edl : EdleRbICMnYsnamstV nigvtßú EdleFVInaTI)anTaMgCaRbFan nig kmµbtduc³ The animal which has wings is a bird. stvedlmansøabkwcastvsøab Baküfa Which kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam animal EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CaRbFanrbs;RbeyaKeRkay has wings This is the ticket which I bought for you. enhcasmburtedl TijCUnelak Baküfa Which kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an3ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam ticket EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-CakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞ bought kñúggnurbeyak 3-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ This is the ticket CamYyRbeyaKxageRkayKW³ I bought for you. What ERbfa : GVI b rbs;edl : EdleRbICMnYsnamvtßú ßú ehiynamedl What etacmnys enah minr)akdegayexijenaxagmuxduccasnþansbvnamepsg²eliy erbahcakrnimyy EdleK)an cat;famankaryl;esckþirycetaehiyduc³ I know what is in the bag. dwgfagviedlenakñúgfg;enh 121

18 Baküfa What kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an3ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam KW³ thing Etva)anbgáb;n½y edaymin)anbgðajegayeyigexijeliy 2-CaRbFanrbs;kiriyas½BÞ is kñúggnurbeyak 3-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ I know CamYyRbeyaK xagerkaykw³ is in the bag. When ERbfa : Edl : EdleRbICMnYsnamTak;TinnwgeBlevla éf Ex nigqñamduc³ Sunday is the day when we don t go to work. éf GaTitüCaéf EdleyIgmineTAeFVIkareT Baküfa When kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam the day EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ Sunday is the day Ca myyrbeyakxagerkaykw³ we don t go to work. Why ERbfa : ehtugvi : EdleRbICMnYsnamehtupl PaKeRcInniymeRbICMnYs Reason duc³ That s the reason why I killed him. enahkwcaehtupledlfaehtugvi)anca smøab;kat; Baküfa Why kñúgrbeyakenhca Relative Pronoun efvinati)an2ya:grbm²kñakñúgebletmyykw³ 1-CaBaküCMnYsnam reason EdlsßitenAxagmux 2-Casn an¼baküp ab;¼qñab;; conjunctive rvagrbeyakxagmuxkw³ That s the reason Ca myyrbeyakxagerkaykw³ I killed him. That ERbfa : Edl : EdlGacykmkeRbICMnYs)anTaMgnamEdlCastV vtßú TIkEnøg nig namedlcamnuss. müa:getot namedlyk That mkerbiefvinatiica Relative Pronoun )anenah cam)ac;rtuvsßitenakñúglkçx½nð4ya:gducteta³ 1 -namedlgacyk That mkerbiefvinaticasnþansbvnam Relative Pronoun )anenah cam)ac;namenah RtUvmanGtiviessKuNnam Superlative Degree mkbrgikbimux etibeyiggacerbi That Ca Relative Pronoun )anduc³ Touch Sun Nich is the most famous singer that a murderer has known well. TUcs unnic CaGñkceRmogl,Il,ajbMputEdlXatkrmñak;)ansÁal;ya:gc,as; 122

19 pronoun )anenah 2 -namedlgacyk That mkerbiefvinaticasnþansbvnam relative cam)ac;namenah RtUvmantYelxbUrNsMxüa b tyrelxrab;cmnynlmdab;ti ordinal number mkbrgikena BImux etibeyiggacerbi That Ca Relative Pronoun )anduc³ France is the first country that Bora goes to study. )aramgcarbetsti1 dmbug EdlbUra:eTAsikSa She is the second lady that he loved. nagcarsþiti2ehiyedlkat;)anrslaj; 3 -namedlgacyk That mkerbiefvinaticasnþansbvnam Relative Pronoun )anenah cam)ac;namenah RtUvmanKuNnamR)ab;cMnYn Quantitative Adjective ducca³ Much, Many, Little, etc. mkbrgikenabimux etibeyiggacerbi That Ca Relative Pronoun )anduc³ Boreth has many pens that he gives me. buer:tmanb ícercinedlkat;egay Ratha has much money that she can lend you. rdæamanluyercinedlnaggacegayelakx I)an Penh Leak has little fresh milk that she can not share you. ebjl½kçmantwkedahekaeqabnþicbnþücedlnagmingaceckcunelak)anet 4 -erbi That CasnþansBVnam Relative Pronoun CMnYssmassBVnam b sbvnampsm Compound Pronoun )an kñúgkrniedlmansmassbvnamnamyyénsbvnamtetaenh erbienabi xagmuxduc³ Someone, Somebody, Something, Somewhere, Anyone, Anybody, Anything, Anywhere, Everyone, Everybody, Everything, No one, Nobody, Nothing, Nowhere, etc. There is nothing that I can do for you. minmangviedl GacCYyelak)aneLIy erbi that CMnYs)an erbahxagmux that CasmassBVnam Nora has everything that he gives me. NUra:manGVI²RKb;ya:gEdlKat;eGay )an erbi that CMnYs)an erbahxagmux that CasmassBVnam 7>7 -Reflexive Pronoun ERbfa³ sbvnamqøúhrtlb; qøúhbba amg b eblxøhekehavafaca sbvnamsgát;bba ak; Emphatic Pronoun EdlsBVnamTaMgenH ebieyigbinitüegaysiucmerabnþiceta exijfa vacaburssbvnam Personal Pronoun rubti5hñwgetmþgduc³ Myself, Ourselves, Yourself, 123

20 Yourselves, Himself, Herself, Itself, Themselves. eblniyay b sresrvamanvifierbir)as;cmnyn 4ya:gKW³ 1 -erbierogbierkayrbfan b CitRbFan enaeblgñkniyayrtuvkarsgát;bba ak;fa RbFanCa GñkeFVIskmµPaBenaH²edayxøÜnÉg minemngñkdétmkefviegayeliyduc³ Boreth himself will go to get that car. buer:txøünkat;nwgetayklanenah He himself did the exercise yesterday. Kat;xøÜnÉg)aneFVIlMhat;enaHkalBImSilmiuj They themselves close the windows everyday. BYkKat;xøÜnÉgbiTbg Ücerogral;éf 2 -erbibierkaykiriyas½bþ)an enaebledlpléntegvirbs;kiriyas½bþenah pþl;nuvtegvienah² etaegayxøünégvijduc³ The man in this room shot himself last night. bursedlenakñúgbnþb;enh)an)aj;smøab;xøünégkalbiyb;miuj We enjoy ourselves at the seaside. BYkeyIgsb,ayrIkray xøünég enamat;smurt 3 -erbibierkaykmµbt Object enaebledlcg;sgát;bba ak;dl;kmµbtenahduc³ I spoke to the Prime Minister himself. )anniyaycamyyrubelaknaykrdæmrnþi edaypþal;minemncamyygñknaepsget Chandy was informed by the teacher himself. can;di)anrtuvcmrabegaydwgedayrubelakrku edaypþal;minemnedaygñknaepsget 4 -erbibierkaygaytni)at Preposition By )an enaebledlcg;bba ak;fa RbFanCaGñk efviskmµpabenahedayxøünégpþal; KWminmanGñkNaCYyeFVIeGayeLIydUc³ I built this house by myself. )ansagsg;pþhenhedayxøünég Sarim lived here by herself. sarwmrs;enatienhedayxøünég 8>8 -Distributive Pronoun ERbfa³ vipaksbvnam EdlsMedAelIsBVnamEdleRbICMnYs nam edim,iebgeck b bmebkvtßú eblevla b rubbukálepsg².l. Distributive Pronoun EdleK EtgeRbIjwkjab;KW³ Each nimyy² Either GñkNamYyb vtßúnamyy Neither mintamg2ya:g duc³ There are many tourists coming here everyday. Each has a camera. 124

21 mangñketscrn_caercinnak;mktienherogral;éf ekmñak;²manrbdab;ftrubrkb;kña Either of two workers can go outside. kmµkr2nak;gacecjetaxagerka)anmñak; Neither of them was granted to live in U.S.A. BYkeKminmanGñkNamñak;)anTTYlkarGnuBaØateGayeTArs;enAshrdæGaemrikeLIy cmnam³ ebi Distributive Pronoun )anrtuverbietég eblenah vakwcasbvnam pronoun EtebI erbiedaymannamepsgetottambierkayvijenah vakøaycakunnam adjective CaBiessKW³ Each nig Either duc³ Ca Adjective edaymannamtambierkay Ca Pronoun erbahkµannamtambierkay Each boy receives a reward. ekµgrbusmñak;²)anttylrgvan; Either car is very expensive. LanmYyeRKOg²mantMéléføxøaMgNas; Each of boys was punished. ekµgrbusmñak;²)anrtuvttyltnðkmµ Either of girls is beautiful. ekµgrsimñak;²s atrkb;²kañ 125