miitpk mdl egwiie" "eterie zenc ly zitxbepewi`d zegztzdd lr zepn`ae zicedid zepn`a speknd j`lnd *zenecwd zixvepd ipel` xiy zicedid zepn`a speknd j`lnd zenc ly ditxbepewi`d zegztzd xg` awer xn`nd ze`ndn zeax zexivi.miipiad ini ziy`xae zxge`nd dwizrd zra zixvepd zepn`ae `ll zeixab zeiyep` zeienck ef dtewza ex`ez mik`lny ze`xn p"dql zepey`xd jldna.cg`k dycgd zixad lye j"pzd ly hqwhl dwecd dwifa z`fe,miitpk zednl qgia zixvepde zicedid zeibele`izd zeyiba miiepiyn d`vezk od,onfd sqeezd,zexg` zeieaxzn miitxbepewi` minbc ueni` zeawra ode mciwtze mik`lnd dl` zeienc mr xzeia ddefnd oiit`nl jtdy cr,miitpkd aikxn dbxcda.zepn`d zecleza zexge`nd odizeienlbzda ze`xidl mixen` cvik iicnl xexa byen eppeinca yi,mik`ln lr miayeg ep` xy`k epgex ipira milrn ep`.seb ixqge miipgex,miirahîlr md mzedna xy`,dl` mixevi,dwidan dnilb diehr e` iqwh cba dyeal,d`xnl ziliv`e dxirv,ziyep` zenc,mlerne f`n miiw did j`lnd ly df ienic ik dncpy s` lr.miitpk zlra ± xwirae oeirxdn enqwed zeaxzd xgyn xy` mipn` ici lr exewna xvep `ed.jk xacd oi` (q"yz) 'miipiad ini zepn`a j"pzd ly ditxbepewi`' qxewa zipeixpinq dceark exewna azkp df xn`n * j`ln,l"f ipel`î`xity dxtr,in`l ycwen xn`nd.zixard dhiqxaipe`a lax rayil` 'text zkxcda.(2003±1940) 60 [89±60 'nr,(d"qyz) 4 oeilib,dixehqidl dxirv dna,did did] Ÿ
61 zeixezqn zeininy zeieyi oze`l mlve seb wiprdl eywiae d`xpl d`xp izlad z` jetdl.mik`ln zeiexwd epiidc,mik`lnd zeiencl ipiite`l ziaxrnd dixehqidd jldna jtdy ienicd mle` mlerd iyp` ly dqitzdn ce`n dpey,d`xnl zixixayde ztpeknd zipinîl`d drtedd zenecwd zixvepd zepn`de zicedid zepn`dn zeax ze`nbeca.el` zeiencl qgia wizrd xar df mbcy xg`n.miitpk xqge ezedna ixab,iyep` d`xn ilrak mix`ezn mik`lnd dqp`,miitpkd ztqed `ed mday wdaend xy`,zexecd zvexna zkl iwigxn miiepiy ± xarnd zeygxzdl mixaqdd z`e zexewnd z`,miripnd z` xxal epiptly xn`na.speknd j`lnd clep eay rbxd zepn`a mik`lnd ixe`iz ceqia migpen eidy miil`ehqwh zexewn biv` dligz mb j`,dycgd zixade j"pzd ixtqa mxekf` dpey`xae y`xa :zixvepde zicedid qgia diiqpkd zea`e miicedid zcd inkg axwa eyabzdy zeibele`izd zetwydd zexivi ly siwn xgan xewq` xn`nd ly ipyd ewlga.mdiciwtzle mzrtedl,mzednl dwifd zybcd jezn,oda miriten miitpk ixqg mik`lny p"dql zepey`xd ze`ndn ewlga.mipn`d eknzqd mdilry miaezkd zexewnl izefgd ienicd oia oda yiy zxkipd lr speknd j`lnd mbcl miitpkd xqg j`lnd mbc oia xarnd alyl qgiiz` iyilyd zeienc cvl miitpk ilehp mik`ln ixe`iz miriten oday dtewzd zepn`n ze`nbec ceqi qgia mipey mixweg elrdy zexryda oec` oexg`de iriaxd wlga.zexg` zetpekn ifkxnd oiit`nl onfd jldna jtdy aihen,miitpkd aihen zegztzdl enxzy zertydl.ziaxrnd zepn`a mik`ln zeienc ly ibele`ize il`ehqwh rwx.` dycgd zixaae `xwna j`lnd zixvepd zepn`ae zicedid zepn`a j`lnd zenc ly ditxbepewi`d z` oegal zpn lr ly dipiit`n lr dligz cenrl epilr,miipiad ini ziy`xae zxge`nd dwizrd zra zexewn oky,p"dql zepey`xd ze`na zezcd izy ly zebdae ycewd iazka ef zenc epilr.dtewz dze`a mik`ln zeienc ly izefgd aevirl zipeirx zizyz eyniy dl` eritydy miiepiy,mik`lnd ly mdizepekze mzedn zqitza elgy miiepiyd z` oegal mb.izepn`d mbevii zegztzd lr mxeza mzernyny milrtl ynyn zenecw zeiny zetyay,k"`l yxeydn xfbp j`ln myd mc`n zerced xqenk od,gily ciwtza llkk riten j"pza j`lnd 1.zexiy e` zegily.l`d ly egilyk ynynd mce xya epi`y xevik ode l`d zegilya `iapk od,mc`l
ipel` xiy 62 "midel` j`ln" yxetna migilyd z` zepkl bdep `xwnd oexg`d oaend z` yibcdl ick.zxg` jxca,ziyep`îl`d,zicegiid mzedf z` oiivl e` " 'd j`ln" e` z` `lnl,mc`l l`dn zerced xeqnl md `xwna 'd j`ln ly miixwird eiciwtz rbna `a j`lnd df eciwtza.d`eap zepeifg yxtle zerxd eizexfb z`e miaehd eizepevx ipa mr xywzl `ed mik`lnd ly mciwtzy oeeik.zecigia aex it lr,miyp` mr sekz.(fh,g l`ipc) "xab d`xnk" e`,mc` zenca llk jxca milbp md,l`d zegilya yep` zyelye mdxa` xetiqa jk."miyp`" miiexw mik`lnd i`xwnd hqwha mipey zenewna aexl,z`fn dxzi.cere j`lnde ryedi zyibta,j`lna wa`pd awri xe`iza,mik`lnd,milke`,mikled,mi`a :dzenz ipak milrete mibdep mdyk j"pza mix`ezn 'd ik`ln.zirahîlrd mzeyi iabl xexa ipevig fnx ozpiiy ila dnecke mikxan,miwa`p,mixacn jk.j`lnd zenc ly zcgein drtedl mihrn mixekf` j"pza mpyi,`qib jci`n midel`d yi`" :dlral dyi`d zxne` dixg`ly,oeyny ly en`l zelbzda,dnbecl hxtn epi` `xwnd.(e,bi mihtey) "c`n `xep midl`d j`ln d`xnk ed`xne il` `a.xzeia dbixg `id j`lnd zefg ik dyi`d ly dzaebzn xexa mle`,d`xnd ly eaih z` `ed s` ± (b,h l`wfgi) "eipzna xtqd zqwy micad yeal yi`d" xkfp l`wfgi oefga mitgd ly mgvn lr oniq zeezdl eciwtzy inl qgiiznd) j`lnd zenc ly mezq xe`iz "dlnygd oirk xdf d`xnk dlrnle eipzn d`xnn y` d`xnk zenc" ok enke ;(rytn ey`x ziviva `iapd z` z`yepd zpxew zenc dpid aezkd it lry (a,g l`wfgi) d`xnk eipte yiyxzk ezieb [...] cg` yi`" riten l`ipc xtqa.dpikya zefgl milyexil dnec xe`iz ± (e±d,i l`ipc) "llw zyegp oirk eizlbxne eizrxfe y` icitlk eipire wxa mik`lnd zeienc lr drtydd zexewnk eyniy ile` cgi xy`,l`wfgia ritend dfl aeyg.y` ienc xnegn miieyrk zixvepd zepn`ae dibele`iza eqtzpy dxeyad iazka,j`lnd zenc ly micgeind dipiit`n hexit zexnl,elld mixe`izd lka ik yibcdl l`ixab yi`de" xn`p eay,l`ipc xtqn cigi weqtn ueg z`f.miitpk ly xekf` lk oi` dpi` xy`,otec z`vei dnbec `edy ± (`k,h l`ipc) "sria srn [...] oefga izi`x xy`.miitpkd lehp,ik"pzd j`lnd ly ipiite`d ienicd z` ztwyn `xwnd ztewza l`xyia zlaewn dziid mdipinl mik`lna dpen`dy migipn mixweg zepey zeiv`ix`eea driten `ide,i`xwnîmcw,d`xpd lkk,`ed d`ven xwir ik m` ly mzeaiyg z` cgeina yibcn `xwnd oi`,z`f mr 2.zeax zeinheteqn zezca ueg) zenya mi`xwp mpi` md.dagxda ea mix`ezn mpi` md ± epi`xy itke,mik`lnd ilehp md llkke,mii`nvr dlert zlekie oevx mdl oi`,(l`ipc xtqa l`kine l`ixabn oi`e mik`lnd l` milltzn oi` ok enk.zil`ecieeicpi` zeiyi` e` miicegii mipiit`n.mze` micaer
63 mi`lnn,"miyp`" i`xwnd iepika mipekn mizrl xy`,mik`lnd dycgd zixaa lr 3.l`d mrhn mipeilr migily ly epiidc,j"pza mix`eznd dl`l minec miciwtz oeiv ly jxca zfnxp ziyep`îl`d mziieed mizrl j`,mc` zenca milbzn md aex it mznvr lye (f,` mixard l` zxbi`a lynl) epnn miieyr mdy xnegd ly cgeind aihd zxdefde zpxewd mzrted xe`iz zervn`a mbe (`i,a qexhtl diipyd zxbi`d) ziptebd xkfp (l`ipc xtqa bixgd xekf`l dneca) dycgd zixaa cg` mewna wx.oald myeal e`.(e,ci opgei oefg) "riwxd mexna stern xg` j`ln `x`e" :dterz zleki lra j`ln qwel) dixkfl zexeyaa,lynl,mixkfpd migilyîmik`ln mivetp dxeyad iazka izn) mixvnl dyecwd dgtynd zgixaa ;(k,` izn) sqeile (gk,` qwel) dixnl (`i,`.(`l,ck izn) eyi ly eizeyxcae (ai,k opgei) wixd xawa miypd xewiaa ;(bi,a j`lnd byenl zagxen zeqgiizd mitwyn xak mwlg xy`,mik`ln ly mitqep mixekf` mixeaiga mb miriten ± minyd `ava mipey miciwtz lra `l` l`d gily wx `l epiidc ± zian qexht xexgy zyxta,migilyd iyrna,lynl,jk.dycgd zixaa mixg`,oaenke ;(f,` miwipelqzd l` zipyd) qele`t zexbi`a ;(`i,ai migilyd iyrn) mixeq`d aiaqe `qkl aiaq ecnr mik`lnd lke" :cakp ciwtz ea milhep mik`lndy,opgei oefga.(`i,f opgei oefg) "midel`l eegzyie `qkd iptl mdipt lr eltie zeigd rax`le mipwfl zenca zealynd dl`k,mik`lnd zeienc ly xzei zexge`n zeqitz xikfn oexg`d weqtd dilntd ixagl llk jxca j"pza mixenyd,ezvxrde l`d ieeil enk mipiit`n gilyd.dlrn ly dlrn ly dilntde mitxy,miaexk miininy mi`exa mb xikfn `xwnd,mc`d ipa l` l`d igily miynynd,'d ik`ln caln xwir.minyd `av,mixy,midel`îipa,miyecw,mil`x`,miaexk,mitxy :oebk,mixg` jezne,eny z` xic`dle ceakd `qik z` siwdl,'d ly ezelbzd z` zeell `ed mciwtz llk jxca xaecn "mik`ln" ly df beq lr.dlrn ly dilntk mzellka mixcben md jk xkidd ipniqn od miitpk xy`,zirahîlr mii`lk zeyik zbven mzence,miax oeyla.dly mihlead mdl xy`,dl`k mipeilr mixevi ly zpgaen dixebhwa miievn mitxyde miaexkd xtqne,i`xwnd hqwha zeax minrt miriten miaexkd.mixcben miciwtz cgiin `xwnd zeienck ;(ck,b ziy`xa) ocrd ob ixneyk mixkfp md.xe`izl xe`izn dpzyn mditpk,ek zeny) zkextde okynd zerixi lr ;(akîgi,dk zeny) zixad oex` lr zeritend ceak dlbzn dilry dakxn zeynynd zeiencke (fk,e ` mikln) dnly ycwna ;(`l ;` miiqx` miygp ly zernyna mb j"pza miritend) mitxyd.(hi±gi,i l`wfgi) 'd
ipel` xiy 64,miininy mii`lk ixevi ly sqep beq md (eh,g mixac ;g,e,`k xacna,lynl,minecw,izivnze mvnevn j"pza mxekf`y s` lr.(b±a,e ediryi) miitpk yye mc` seb ilra jxca mze` ex`iz xy`,miipiad inia zexivi zexyrl d`xyd xewn eyniy mitxyd zeieyi.miaexkd zeienc mr leala jezn mizrl,miitpk yya swend y`xk llk zenca,dixkf xtqa mb zeriten ("dciqgd itpkk" miitpk mr) zetpekn zeibelezin,cala zg` mrt j"pza zexkfp dl` zeienc.(h,d dixkf) "dti`" ze`yepd miyp izy mpkyn mewn,zininy dxitq dze` z` ozrteda zetwyn,mitxyde miaexkd enk,od j`.mitpeknd mixevid ly jtd `ede,j`lnd byenl qgia mibyen aexir ygxzd zexge`n zetewzay s` lr mibeqd oia dpgadd `xwna ik d`xp,zexg` zeininy zeieyi mb llekd iepik zeidl ciwtza iehia icil d`a ef dpgad.icnl dxexa dziid minyd `av i`exa ly mipeyd mzrtedae mdn cg` lkl ozipy mieqnd mya,dpeilrd dxitqd ixagn cg` lkl creiy miievnk mix`ezn dlrn ly dilntd ixag xzie mitxyd,miaexkd.zlcapd zipevigd jeeznd j`lnl cebipa,jk meyn.zeyep`l miyibp mpi`y inke dpikyd zaxwa cinz zeny mi`yepe iyep`îl`e irahîlr d`xn ilra md ;yep` zenca jxev mdl oi`,gilyde 4.zcgeind mzefg z`e mciwtz z` mitwynd zixvepde zicedid dibele`iza j`lnd zenc ileblb qgiiznd byenk "j`ln" myd onfd jldna lawzp mipey miil`ehqwh mileblbn d`vezk byend ly ef dllkd 5.l`d zexiya miynyne mc`d lr mipeilr mdy mixevi mze` lkl zeibele`iz zenbnn od,ycewd iazk ly miipeyl miyeaiyne minebxzn od drap odizeawra ;dxitqd ixg`e iptly zepey`xd ze`na zexvpae zecdia ehyty zeipyxte eqgei okl mcewy mipiit`n yekxl lgde gilyk izxeqnd eciwtzn wzpzde j`lnd jld.zininyd dxitqa zexg` zeieyil gily ± qflbp`) áããåëïò dlina ynzydl daxdy,mirayd mebxza ligzn jildzd oi`,ok lr xzi 6.zexg` zeiyep`îl` zeienc lr mb j`ln gpend z` ligde (zipeeia dpgad,l`d igily mdy mik`ln oiae mc` igily mdy mik`ln oia dpgad df mebxza "`k`ln" oia licady,zinx`l mebxza mb jke mi`pzd oeyla zniiw dziid xy` lelkiy jk j`ln byend ly dagxd mirayd mebxza dlg cg` cvn,xnelk 7."`cbfi`"l mebxzae mi`pzd oeyla lg,xg` cvn ;dlrn ly dilntd jezn zexg` zepeilr zeieyi mb rvand gily ly dlibxd zernynd epnn dlcaede byena mevnv xzei mixge`nd inx`d ipihld mebxzd.'l`d gily' ly oaend wx ea xzepy jk,mc` ipa ornle mrhn zeniyn zernynl zipihla dcgiizpy zipeeid dlind,angelus oia oigad (dhbleed) j"pzd ly
65 aexa dyabzp dhbleed zrtyda 8.gilyl dlibxd zipihld dlind,nutius oiae 'd j`ln.ipihld angelusîdn zxfbpd,'d j`ln oeivl zcgein dlin zeitexi`d zetyd zixvepde zicedid zexeqna elg,zeipeyld zertydd ly d`vez eidy miiepiy caln dxabzd ipy zia ztewza.j`lnd zenc ly zxg` dqitzl e`iady zexenz onvr mixtqd aex lye l`ipc xtq ly mdizetwyd itl.zizcd dqitza mik`lnd ly mzeaiyg miynyn (mipey mibeqle zezikl mipnf mze`a ewlgp xaky) mik`lnd,miipevigd,mik`ln ly miyxetn zeny dpey`xl mixkfen l`ipc xtqa 9.mipeebne miax miciwtza d`xpd lkk,dterz zleki mik`lnl qgiind j"pzd ixtqn cigid mb `ed df xtq,xen`ke 10 dcedi xacn zk zextqae miipevigd mixtqa.gxfnd zeieaxzn miqezin zrtyda,mdizeny xekf` jez hxetn ote`a mibeeqne xzei cer cakp mewn miqtez mik`lnd xtqn diaeh xtq.mc`d ipa iiga mzeaxerne zedel`l mzaxw,miinqewd mdiciwtz 11 cirn milaeid xtqe,(ezgtyn ipae diaeh) miwicv iiga axrznd (l`tx) j`ln lr 12 z` oiivn iteiz`d jepg xtq.j`ln itn dynl elek azkedy xeaig `edy envr lr zecgein zeiegily ea zexkfene,mik`lnd ly mzeixg` inegz z`e mdibeq z`,mdizeny mikex` milag epzp dpde mdd minia `x`e" :miitpk mdl zepzip onylye mirvan mdy.(`,`q,iteiz`d jepg) "oetv cv l` eklie eterie miitpk mdl egwiie mdd mik`lnd l` zekted miitpkde hexita mik`lnd d`xn x`ezn,xzei xge`nd,ia`lqd jepg xtqa mdenk izi`x `l xy` c`n milecb" miyp` ipy lr mleg jepg.reaw (heaixh`) oiit`nl z`vei mditn y` micitlk zexrea mdipir ynyk mixidfn eid mdipte ;ux`d lr iinin "zekf blyn mdicie zexidfn adfn mditpk onbx`k mdilbx d`xnl zepey zevep mdicba.(d±c,` ia`lqd jepg) z`ixaa miwqerd mipey miyxcn yi cenlza j`,llk mik`ln dxikfn dpi` dpynd mixaec,mitewf mikldn mik`lny zexaq zelren mdae,mdizepekzae mzxeva,mik`lnd 13 s` miyxcnd cg`.min eivge y` eivg `edy xnegn miieyre cizrd z` mifeg,zixar,ipexcpqkl`d oelit mb rawy itk,(`r,fh dbibg zkqn) serl mileki mik`lny oiivn :azk 'dyn iig lr' exeaiga xy`,p"dql dpey`xd d`nd oa ihqipldîicedid seqelitd 14."spk ilra md mzellka minyd ixdy" j"pzd,ycewd iazk lr xwira mik`lnl dzepyxta dpryp zixvepd dibele`izd xwira,mii`xwnîueg zexewn ici lr mb dzgped dzligza mle` ;cg`k dycgd zixade 15 egeexy zeinnr zepen` ici lr ok enke,zeihqepb zerepze zeicedi zeihqin zezk mik`lnd ditly dqitzd zlaewn dziid xak zecdiay xg`n 16.p"dql zepey`xd ze`na zncwend zixvepd dibele`iza mb ef dtwyd dyxzyd,zeipgex zeieyi mrahn md,cere diixcpqkl`n hpnlw,qep`ilehxh,qpibixe`,qe`pixi` ly mdiazka dritene
ipel` xiy 66,mik`lnd itpk `yepl yxetna qgiizd s` qep`ilehxh 17.'zegex' :iepikd ziieela mizrl `id gex lk" :ik jxrl p"dql 197În (Apologeticum) 'mewihbelet`' exeaiga erawa 18."mik`lnl qgia mb xacd jk,ztpekn mik`lnd ly zhlgend mzeipgexa wtq lihdl ehp diiqpkd zea`n wlg,z`f znerl mik`lnd ly ininyd maih z` m`ez xy`,df xneg.edylk xnegn miieyrk mze` x`zle ycewd iazka mixe`izd qiqa lr qtzp,`qib jci`n yep` ipal yibp epi` j` `qib cgn zipevigd mzrtedle iptebd mrahl qgia ok ixg` elred zetqep zervd.y` e` xe` ienck jxevl cgein xnegn zeqk miyael e` xiee` miieyr mdy rved,xzid oia.mik`lnd ly ziyingd d`na,orhy oey`xd bele`izd did qeqipeicîece`qt.dnc`d ipt lr mzelbzd diikxxidd z` xexa ote`a xicbdy mb `ede,mik`lnd ly zhlgen zeipgexl,p"dql 19 jxc xwirae,eizeawra.mik`ln ixcqn dryz,ezhiyl,dllk xy`,zininyd dcnrd miixvepd mipyxtd aex zrc lr dlawzd,qpieew` qnez ly zxge`nd ezrtyd dcireea zinyx dxkd mb seqal dlaiw ef dcnr.mik`lnd ly d`lnd mzeipgex xaca izla md dl`k md xy`ae,seb ixqg md mik`ln ik fxked day,1215 ly zipxhld 20.zeenl` ipae mi`xp zenecwd zixvepd zepn`ae zicedid zepn`a miitpk ixqg mik`ln.a itxbepewi` mbc zixvepde zicedid zepn`a yabzd p"dql zepey`xd ze`nd jldna,ziyep` zenck j`lnd zbvd did exwir.`xwnd ixetiqa mik`ln xe`iz ly ogaen ± xexa ote`ae,zepn`d zxivi dxvep day dtewzd icbaa dyeal,llk jxca zixab mizrl eynzyd ik"pzd xetiqa dciwtze zencd iedif z` xyt`l zpn lr.miitpk zlehp eay llekd itxbepewi`d xywdd lr eknzqd aexl ik m`,micgein xkid ipniqa mipn`d zexivia rited,p"dql ziyingd d`nd cr uetp did xy`,j`lnd ly df mbc.dbved.dxirfd zepn`a od zilhpnepend zepn`a od,mipey miizeaxz mifkxna zeax zepn` exwira qqazd,"miitpkd xqg j`lnd" eze` zepkl ozipy,mcwend izefgd mbcd yeaib itk,dxewny,zixvepde zicedid daygna j`lnd zenc ly zizxeqnd dqitzd lr.mdizeawra dgztzdy dtprd zibele`izd zepyxtae ycewd iazka,epi`xy zepn`a driten miitpk xqg j`ln zenc ly epl drecid xzeia zncwend dnbecd ly ipetvd xiwd lr oeilrd xhqibxa zxievnd [1 dpenz] awri melg zpvqa,zicedid 21,epnn rhw wx cxyy,xiwd xeiv.(p"dql 245) dixeq,qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia,zil`nyd erexf z` dqknd dkex` dpal dnilb yeal,awri ly dpyid ezenc z` x`zn ewlg d`xp xe`izd ly il`nyd ecva.dlecb oa` eizey`xnle mipal znixr lr rexy
67 izy zeavip mleqd ly ecv lr.dlrn itlk dpete xiee`a `yipd mleq ly oezgzd ozipy itk.oab lr zeltepd,zenilbe zexvw zelny zeyeal,zizifg dgepza zeienc enelga awril elbpy midel` ik`ln ly od dl` zeienc,dpvqa mihxtd lelknn wiqdl.miitpk `ll miyp`k xe`iza miritend,(ai,gk ziy`xa) awri melg.1.[xefgy] xiw xeiv,p"dql 245,qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia dxeawd ixcga xiwd ixeiv xefgna zepey zepvqa mb mix`ezn miitpk ixqg mik`ln d`nd rvn`l jx`eznd,`nexa (Via Latina) dpihl diie ly zeanewhwa miixvepd mda xy`,j"pza mxewny mixetiq xe`iza xiyr mixeivd xefgn.p"dql ziriaxd zyelye mdxa` zyibt z` zx`zn zepvqd zg`.ifkxn ciwtz mik`lnd mi`lnn zixvepd zepn`a zeax minrt zxfegd,ef dpvq.[2 dpenz] `xnn ipel`a mik`lnd xetiqa zelretd zeytpd z` cgeina ihqilnipine ipkqg aevira dbivn,dnecwd iyeal mixirv minlr dyelyk mi`xpd,mik`lnd ly mdizeienc z` hxtae,i`xwnd miavp miyp` dyely dpde `xie eipir `yie" :weqtd z` dpn`p swynd xe`iz,zenilb.(a,gi ziy`xa) "eilr dxeawd zepn`l `ed s` jiizyn xy`,miitpk lehp j`ln riten eay xg` xiw xeiv jx`ezne `nexa (Vigna Massimo) eniq`n dipie zgzy danewhwa ievn,zixvepd zepvq dnk ze`xp,rhw wx xzep epnny,xeiva.[3 dpenz] ziriaxd d`nd rvn`l
ipel` xiy 68 oda,dtewzl zeipiite` ziigze zeix`d aeba l`ipc zg`.(qex`f`l) xfrl` wlga dritend,zepvqd zx`zn,ewqxtd ly oezgzd lwne bc fge` xirv xrp dnilb dyeal zenc ecvle z` eil` dhiyend dkex` dpvqa dxirvd zencd.dci ezenck mixweg ici lr dzdef 22 diaeh xtqn diaeh ly xtql aygp xy`,ipevigd 23,zilezwd diiqpka ipepw ex`zl eaxd mixvepde ly eziieel oa,l`tx j`lnd ly ezenck jkitl dzdef diipyd zencd.mdizexivia,izin`d erah z` el dlib `le eipta ezedf z` syg `l xetiqd it lr xy`,diaeh yeal xirv xabk bven j`lnd,dpihl diieay mixeivl dneca,o`k mb.iyep`îl`d.miitpk xqge zewlg mipt lra,dkex` dnilb `xnn ipel`a mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zyibt.2.xiw xeiv,p"dql ziriaxd d`nd rvn`,`nex,dpihl diie ly danewhwd l`tx j`lnde diaeh.3.[xefgy] xiw xeiv,p"dql ziriaxd d`nd rvn`,`nex,eniq`n dipie zgzy danewhwd ze`na zixvepd zepn`d ly ditxbepewi`a miitpkd xqg j`lnd mbc ly ezeifkxn lr ziiqpk iqtiqt oda,zeaeyg zeilhpnepen zexivia ezrtedn cenll ozip p"dql zepey`xd miqtiqtay s` lr.(p"dql 440±432) `nexa (Santa Maria Maggiore)dxe'bndixndhpq zeik"pz zepvq izya mkeza oigadl ozip,mitpekn mik`ln ly mixe`iz mb yi diiqpka,mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zpenz `id odn zg`.miitpk `ll oda miriten mik`lndy
69.[4 dpenz] miwlg ipyl zwlegnde jeezd mle` ly iaxrnîinexcd xiwd lr dievnd zelida swzynd,xexa ixvep xywd `han xak df xe`iz,zencewd ze`nbecl d`eeyda (zeanewhwd ixeivae qetexi` `xeca eid `l odenky) mik`lnd ly my`x z`zexhrnd ininyd orah oeit`l on`d z` o`k zeynyn zelidd ik d`xp.lde`d lr alvd oniqae zeiencdn olicadl zpn lr,mce xya yeala ozbvd lr ievit oirnk,zeiencd ly yecwde.dpvqa zeritend zexg`d zeiyep`d yeniy eyr dxe'bn dixn dhpqn mipn`d ik ze`xl ozip miqtiqta zipctw zeppeazda mdipty jkl `id dpeekd.mik`lnd ly cgeind mrah zybcdl sqep izefg irvn`a xidad,odicie odipt oebn dpeyd,aedvîmezk oeeba mipa`n zeieyr mik`lnd ly mdicie.dycgd zixadn zegewld el`a mbe zeik"pzd zepvqa mb jk.zeiencd x`y ly,xzei,mipey`xd diiqpkd zea` axwa mik`lnd zedn lr zgeexd drca jkl xaqd `evnl ozip 25 24 lkk,sebl gex oia `edy xnegn miieyr mik`lnd ditly,qepihqebe`e lifa mda zhladl zepey mikxc eytig xy`,qtiqtd ipn`y okzii.wxa e` xe`,y` ienc d`xpd mik`lnd ly zirahîlrd mzeki` eqip,miitpkd ixqg,"miiyep`"d ozn ici lr mcegii z` yigndl ziziiqpkd zepyxtl izefg iehia qtiqt ipa`a yeniy zervn`a xwgnd zextqa.mihdel mirava yeniyl zetqep ze`nbec ze`aen mik`ln zeiencl iedif oniqk rava zepn`ae dnecwd zixvepd zepn`a zexge`n zetewza s`e) zihpfiad lr zeriavn xy` ze`nbec 26 ;(xzei j`lndlymecwdmbcdzexnzyd el etqep xak xy`k mb ± 'iperav'd xaca dxaqd z` zewfgne ± miitpk y`d ienc aevirl ibele`izd xewnd `xnn ipel`a mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zyibt.4 iqtiqta ritend mik`lnd seb ly.qtiqt,p"dql 440±422,`nex,dxe'bn dixn dhpq ziiqpk.dxe'bn dixn dhpq `id zilhpnepend zixqiwd zepn`a miitpk ixqg mik`ln xe`izl zxge`n dnbec dpeexa (San Vitale) dlhie oq ziiqpkay qtiqta dievnd mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zpvq,dyecwd zelid mda) miixvep milnqae mipiit`na dieex dpvqd.[5 dpenz] (p"dql 547)
ipel` xiy 70 zqgiizne (ogleyd lr zeberd ly ycewd mgl zxeve mik`lnd ly dkxad zeegn yeliyd ly beviik i`xwnd xetiqay mik`lnd zyelyl diiqpkd zea` ly mzepyxtl 27 miwifgnd mitpekn mik`ln ipy mi`xp qtiqtl lrny zywd oexnwa,ok enk.yecwd mik`ln ly mzegkepe miwdaend miixvepd mipnnqd zexnl.gvpnd alvd lnq z` mdipia mbcd ik xexiaa ze`xl ozip diiqpkd ly zllekd xehird zipkza miax mitpekn dqitzl dax dcina on`p oiicr zik"pzd dpvqa mik`lnd zeienc ly itxbepewi`d.miitpk xqg iyep` d`xn lrak j`lnd ly dnecwd zi`xwnd `xnn ipel`a mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zyibt.5.qtiqt,p"dql 547±532,dpeex,dlhieÎoq ziiqpk ly ziy`xa'a `evnl ozip,dxirfd zepn`d megzn,dtewz dze`n ztqep dnbec xzeia mincwend mixhernd cid iazkn cg` `edy,zipeei aezkd ixvep ci azk,'dpie rawp ekex`ize,dixcpqkl`a e` il`xyiîixeqd xef`a,d`xpd lkk,exewn.mirecid miaezka dpeknd,j`lna awri wa`n zpvq zx`ezn zexeh`ipind zg`a `.ziyiyd d`nl l"pd dxaqd ik m`,jex`izd iabl ode 'dpie ly ziy`xa'd xevii mewn iabl od zewelg xwgna zercd.17 'nr,(1999) qn`ilie :e`x.zgeexd `id `
71,dxeh`ipina zbvend xetiqd zegztzd ialy lka.[6 dpenz] (dk,al,ziy`xa) "yi`" 28 cebipa z`f.hqwha xn`pl dn`zda,miitpk `ll x`ezn ixezqnd "yi`"d awri ;mik`lnde hel,mdxa` zpvq lynl) cid azka zeritend zexg` zexeh`ipinl jkl daiqdy okzii.mitpekn mi`xp mik`lnd oday (j`lnde sqei ;oal zaifr xg`l ipy ly mzeaxern `id,dxivia mixteq e` mipn` xqegl xaqddy xyt` j` ezeedzda oenh zeaiwrd itxbepewi` xarn aly ly xqg j`lnd mbc oia j`lnd mbcl miitpkd iehia icil `a xy`,speknd zepa zexg` zexivia mb j`lna awri wa`n.6.[xefgy] xhern ci azk,p"dql ziyyd d`nd rvn`,'dpie ly ziy`xad' iqtiqt znbeck,dtewzd.dpeexa dlhieîoq ziiqpk miixvep mibtewxq ihilaza mb zedfl ozip miitpkd xqg j`lnd mbca yeniyd z` zcd ly miifkxnd miizepn`d iehiad ilkn cg` eid xy`,p"dql zepey`xd ze`nd on zexge`n zetewza mb exnzypy zeitxbepewi` zenkq egzete eedzd mzxbqnae,dycgd xzeia zepiiprnd ze`nbecd zg`.xzei dievnd zeix`d aeba l`ipc zpvq `id dpeknd btewxqd ly oezgzd xhqibxa Dogmatic) 'ihnbec'd btewxqd,p"dql 330±320În (sarcophagus zex`ezn eae,owizeea meik xenyd zencd.dycgd zixadne j"pzdn zepvq dpenz] xe`izd fkxna dritend dnexird ozip dze`y,l`ipc ly ezenc `id [7 zeix` ly laewnd oiit`nd it lr zedfl zcner dl`nyl.diccv ipyn miavipd dy`x lr dci z` dgipnd zpwefn zenc dyibn zi`xpy xzei dphw zenc ly.`ln ilk `iapl.7 zeix`d aeba l`ipc.hilaz,p"dql 330±320,'ihnbec'd btewxqd
ipel` xiy 72 l`ipc xtqa ritend xetiq it lr dpvqd z` yxtn (Lugt) hbel uixt zepn`d xweg wfged ekezay zeix`d xeal wewag `iapd ly ezgily zyxt zx`ezn eay,ipevigd 29 dny ipkilei in" :wewag ly ezl`yl daebza.arxa zeenn ezlvdl,l`ipc `iapd ed`ypie ey`x ziviva j`lnd edgwie" :aiyn aezkd "jxcd ipnn dwegxe z`fk zrl 30 z` dgipnd zpwefnd zixabd zencd."l`ipc l` xead jez l` edgipie ecia dgex`de wewag `iapd z` fge`d j`lnk ef zepyxt it lr ddefnd,dphwd zencd y`x lr dci xe`iz mr ahid zayiizn miitpk zlra zenc ik dncp ik s`,ztpekn dppi`,exrya.`iapd ly zi`ltd ez`iyp miitpk lehp j`ln zrtedl ztqep dnbec zpvqa dievn miixvep dxeaw zepex` ixehira qeipei btewxq ly oeilrd xhqibxa wgvi zciwr s` ievnd,p"dql 359În (Junius Bassus) qeqa dciwrd xe`iz.[8 dpenz] owizeed sqe`a `ed ea ze`xpe hilazd ly zil`nyd dpita mwenn (zrxekd,dphwd zencd) wgvi ly mdizeienc `ly oikq ecia fg` d`xpd lkky) mdxa` lye it lre mzgepz it lr midefn md ;(xnzyp ixeg`n.li`e xrea gafn ± mitqepd mipiit`nd,xvw xriy zlra ztqep zenc zavip mdxa` zeweyt zencd ly dizty.dnilbe miwlg mipt z` mlbnd ote`a,xeaic zrya enk,hrn xn`ie minyd on 'd j`ln eil` `xwie" :weqtd "xrpd l` jci glyz l` [...] mdxa` mdxa` ze`nbecl dneca.(ai±`i,ak ziy`xa) `ll j`ln ze`xl ozip ef zenca mb,zexg`d epnn rpene mdxa` l` dpet xy` df,miitpk.epa z` aixwdl zepvqa mb miriten miitpk ixqg mik`ln oey`xd.dycgd zixad iazkn zegewld zepey xe`iza ritend j`lnd,d`xpd lkk,`ed mday (Priscilla) dliwqixt ly danewhwa dxeyad diipyd d`nd seql jx`eznd xiw xeiv,`nexa.[9 dpenz] p"dql ziyilyd d`nd zligz e` wgvi zciwr.8.hilaz,p"dql 359,'qeq`a qeipei' btewxq dxeyad.9 dipyd d`nd seq,`nex,dliwqixt ly danewhwd.xiw xeiv,p"dql ziyilyd d`nd zligz e`
73 zcnerd zencde,dixn `id zayeid zencd 31,dxeyad zpivqk mixweg ici lr ddef xeivd xqg,dkex` dnilba yeal d`xp j`lnd.l`ixab j`lnd ly `id dcia drepz deegne xekf` oi` eay (hk±ek,`) qwela ritend hqwhd z` zn`ez ef drted.spekn izlae owf.mixg` miirahîlr mipiit`nl e` miitpkl cgein mb micirn dxeyad iazk ly mixe`iza exeniye spekn izlad j`lnd mbc ueni` lr xawa zeixnd izy xewia z` mix`znd,p"dql ziyingd d`nd zligzn adpy zegel xef`a d`xpd lkk,exewny,(jxrl p"dql 400) 'okpin adpy',miadpyd cg`a.wixd xyia xy` j`lnd zenc xawd gzta zx`ezn,[10 dpenz] okpina meik `vnpde eplin mlrk zbven zencd.dkxa zeegna eci z` mixn `edyk,eyi ly eziigz xac z` miypl l` dp`aze" :weqtd mr ayiiznd xe`iz,miitpk xqge mipt wlg,dnilb yeal,xirv cg` xega dpi`xze xawd jez dlny dhr `ede oinin ayi xe`iz.(d,fh qewxn) "dpal ly oezgzd ewlga riten dnec `ed s` jx`eznd,eplin adpy lkk exewne jxrl 400 zpyl mb.eplina dpcq dze`a d`xpd dpvqd jxrn it lr,o`k zedfl ozip zeiencd zegepze zayeid zencd z` iyew `ll xqg,xirv :j`lnk xawd gzta xehr ik m`) spekn izlae owf adpy ly oeilrd ewlga.(dlid zepyid mdizeienc lrn,eplin mix`ezn,xawd ixney ipy ly Îmixyandn mipy ilnq qwele (mc`) izn :mihqilbpee`d ly mzeid zcaer.(xey) zpiiprn mitpekn milnqd,d`xpd itk,dcirne df xywda xwira) mpia dxexa dpgad lr (speknd mc`d,izn ly df oia wixd xawa miypd xewiae miinyl dilrd.10.adpy gel,p"dql 400,'okpin adpy' zlehp j`lnd zenc oiae
ipel` xiy 74.dtewz dze`a zniiw dziid xy` miitpkd `ly mrtd,dnecwd zixvepd zepn`a miitpk ixqg mik`ln xe`izl zxg` dnbec (Vibia) diiaie xawa ievnd xiw xeiv `id,ycewd iazk jezn dpvq ly dbvdn wlgk 32 xeiva.p"dql ziriaxd d`nd zligzn `nexa (Via Appia) dit` diie ly danewhwa ddefnd j`ln `ad mlerl dze` deelnyk ± diiaie mya dyi` ± zxhtpd zenc zi`xp ziyep`d zefgd ilra mik`lnl dneca.[11 dpenz] 'angelus bonus' zaezkd zervn`a o`k mb,dycgd zixad jezn zepvqae zeik"pz zepvqa miritend,okl mcew exkfpy.miitpk xqge zewlg mipt lra,dkex` dxida dnilb yeal,xirv xabk x`ezn j`lnd aeliya dpin`dy zihqihxwpiq zkl,d`xpd lkk,zkiiy dziid danewhwd mpne` dqitz ly ueni`k xzei zincp df xywda j`lnd ly ezenc j`,zeixvepe zeipbt zexeqn zeieyia rteyn did,jynda d`xpy itk,ipbtd mlerd oky,zipbt `le zixvepîzicedi.zetpekn zeibelezin ocr obl deeln diiaie zxhtpd.11.xiw xeiv,p"dql ziriaxd d`nd,`nex,dit` diie ly danewhwd zepn`dne zicedid zepn`dn mixe`iz llekd,lirl ebvedy ze`nbecd uawn jnq lr zlawzn,miipiad ini ziy`x ly zihpfiad zepn`dne zxge`nd dwizrd zra zixvepd.qpqpxd ztewze miipiad ini idly ly zexividn epl drecid efn dpey j`ln zenc `et` d`xna p"dql zepey`xd ze`nd ly j`lnd oiit`zd zepn`a mixge`nd einelibl cebipa
75.miitpk xcrda ± hxtae,zewlg mipta aex it lr,xidae heyt yeala,ixab iyep` lrak mc`d ipal dlbpd,gilyd j`lnd ly i`xwnd exe`iz lr oryp df mbcy xexa ze`nbecd.miaezkd z`f mipiivny itk "xega" e` "xab","yi`" zenca,mce xya zefg oia dtewz dze` zepn`a miiwzdy wecd xyw lr xexiaa zeriavn epxwqy zepeyd zelehp zeiyep` zeienck mik`lnd xe`iza `haznd,daezkd dlinl izefgd ienicd mzrted lr fnex wx `l`,"miyp`" yxetna mze` dpkn epi` hqwhd xy`k mb) miitpk dycgd zixadn zegewld zepvqa ode zeik"pz zepvqa mik`lnd ixe`iza od z`fe (dlibxd mzecnvid.j`lnd zenc ly zi`xwnd dqitzd drnhp mda xy`,miipevigd mixtqdn e` miitpk ixqg mibven mik`ln oday zexivia cgeina zxkip miaezkd zexewnl mipn`d ly zil`ehqwh dwif mixcrpd,miileaniq miienicl jenqa ixetiq hqwha zepbernd zepvqa alvd z` mi`yepd mik`lnd znbeck) mitpekn mik`ln miriten mda xy`,dxiyi.(dlhieîoq ziiqpk iqtiqta zixvepde zicedid ditxbepewi`a ezvetze ezeifkxn lr xy`,miitpkd xqg j`lnd mbc zeilhpnepene zexirf zexivi oeebna ezegkepn wiqdl ozip oey`xd sl`d ziy`x ly ihilaz,zeiqpka qtiqt ixehir,zeanewhwa xiw ixeivk ± ogletde dxeawd zepn`n mixg` miizeaxz mixywda ezrtedn mbe ± mipey zenewnn ci iazke miadpye mibtewxq itk,df alya.jxrl ziyingd d`nd rvn` cr geex,(ihqihxwpiqd diiaie xaw znbec),mitpekn mik`ln mb miitpk ilehp mik`ln ly mixe`iz cvl ritedl elgd,oldl d`xpy mik`ln zeienc ly iqetihd mbcl onfd zvexna ektde mnewn z` dbxcda eyxi xy`.axrnd zepn`a speknd j`lnd mbc yeaiba miipia ialy.b df mbc oky,speknd j`lnd mbc xvep eay wiecnd ixehqidd rbxd lr riavdl dyw zeipyxtd zeyiba miiepiyle j`lnd byen xary miipeyl mileblbl liawna gztzd zeitxbepewi` zertyd zrnhd ick jez,eipiit`ne ezedn itlk zixvepde zicedid miitpkd aihen zeedzd xg` aewrl ozip,z`f mr.jynda biv`y itk,mipey zexewnn cvl dl` zetpekn zeience miitpk ixqg mik`ln zeienc zeriten oday zexivi oze` jxc.oeince dwif jezn ± jyndae,dxexa dcxtd jezn dlgzda,dl` ixeiva xak miievn miitpk ixqg mik`ln ixe`iz cvl zetpekn zeienc ly mixe`iz ziigz zpvqae miycwnd zebb lr :mixywd ipya qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia ly xiwd z`ivi zepvqa ± miycwnd zebb lr zex`eznd zetpeknd zeiencd.l`wfgi oefga miznd
ipel` xiy 76 mixf ze`yep zeienck xwgna zedefn [12 dpenz] oexd` ycwne xebqd ycwnd,mixvn 33.`(Victoria) dixehwie zinexd oegvipd zl` ly [hxt] oexd` ycwn.12.[xefgy],xiw xeiv,p"dql 245,qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia axwa zwelgn exxer [13 dpenz] miznd ziigz zpvqa zeritend zetpeknd zeiencd,fl l`wfgi) l`wfgi oefga zexkfpd zegexd rax` z` e` oda ze`xl ehp xy`,mixwegd,mle`.mziigz xe`izn wlgk miznd zenyp ly ziaihxebit dbvd,oitelgl,e` (h (Psyche) dkiqt xe`izn xexiaa zegewl dl` zeienc,odly mixtxtd itpk it lr l`wfgi oefg.13.[xefgy] xiw xeiv,p"dql 245,qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia dx`ez `id.zipeeid dibelezina dzenc za (Nike) dwip ly dzyxei dziid dixehwie zinexd oegvipd zl` qaend aie`d lly z` z`yepd,ztpekn dyi`k zerahne mibtewxq,oegvip zezyw iab lr zepn`a zetekz.dwihlz`d zeiexgza migvpnle inexd `avd i`iavnl oegvipd iqxt z` e` axwa `
77 wixd xawa miypd xewia.14.adpy gel,p"dql 400,'eplin adpy' dneca,ztwyn ef dcaere `,zinexd drtyd,dixehwie ly zeiencl.xiwd ixeiv lr zipbt dcxtdd lr riavdl aeyg `xeca zxkipd zpeeknde zrcend dl` zetpekn zeienc oia qetexi` bvendmiitpkdxqgj`lndzencl dixehwie,zetpeknd zeiencd.ocvl ipbtd mlerd jezn evne`,dkiqte mibyen il`efie ote`a yigndl ick,oegvipk miilnq zepeirxe mihyten mdl ozip `ly ('gex') dnype dle`b ;miaezka xexa izefg iehia miitpkd xqg j`lnd,oznerl dpenz] awri melg zpivqa ritend ilelin xe`iz it lr aver [1.i`xwnd hqwha xkfpd ihxwpew zepn`a mb zniiw dnec drtez dnbec.zihpfiade dnecwd zixvepd zligzn 'eplin adpy' `id jkl dti,[14 dpenz] p"dql ziyingd d`nd j`ln x`ezn oezgzd ewlga xy` izy xewia zpivqa miitpk xqg oeilrd ewlgae wixd xawa zeixnd mihqilbpee` ilnq ipy miriten zexnl.mitpekn (qwele izn) zg` lk ly dpeyd dqitzd izravd dilry,zeiencdn gipdl xiaq,xn`nd ziy`xa xewn eid mitpeknd milnqdy `.zinexde zipeeid dibelezina dad`d l`,(qex`) oecitew ly ezy`."ytp" zilelin :(Psyche) dkiqt dilr dziydy mixeqiie ze`lz xg`l.diitei lya qepe ly dz`pw z` dxxer xy`,dzenz za dkiqp dxewna
ipel` xiy 78 xwgnd zextqa xy` ± izn ly elnq hxtae,jynda j`lnd zenc zegztzdl d`xyd miitpkd ilra mik`lnl ce`n dnec `ede spekn mc`k avernd ± 'j`ln' mizrl dpekn s`.xzei zexge`n zetewzn epl mirecid xy`e zetpekn zeienc cvl miitpk ixqg mik`ln ly mixe`iz zalynd,zxg` dxivi 34,hilaza xhern btewxq ly xay `id,mdipia befind zligz z` ze`xl ozip xak da p"dql ziriaxd d`nl jx`ezne `nexay (Casa dei Pupazzi) iv`tet ic df`wa ievnd ly,l`nyn,zg`d ± ab l` ab zecnerd,zeienc izy ze`xp hilaza.[15 dpenz] dkex` dwipeh yeal xirv mlr ly,oinin,diipyd ;spekne dvgnl mexir (Eros) qex` cnv.oweic eae oeilcn `yp xy` cnvn wlg dziid zeiencdn zg` lk.miitpk xqge ddfn eze`y,minlrd cnve ;xhtpd ly epweic z`,d`xpd lkk,`yp qex`d zeienc ('qe`tilw') lebr obn `yp,miitpk ixqg mik`lnk (Berefelt) hltxa x`peb zepn`d xweg 35.eyi ly ezenc eae eyniy mde miinex mibtewxq iab lr laewne uetp xehir eeid spekn qex` zeienc.ef dnbeca mb jke,(eros Psychophoros) `ad mlerl mixhtpd zenyp ieeln ciwtza iazkn mixetiq ly zepvqa xwira ± epi`x xaky itk ± erited,mznerl,mik`lnd `yepd cnvk mik`lnd zbvda.zpiiprne zcgein df xywda mzrted okle,ycewd zernyn ekezl wvi mle`,qex`d zeienc cnv aihen z` on`d dyrnl ltky,'qe`tilw' lr zei`xg`k,ipbtd,izxeqnd mciwtza xehira zeynyn qex`d zeienc cera :dycg zeibelehkq` zeklyd zlra zixvep dliawn md mik`lnd,`ad mlera znd znyp ziigz ik,oigadl mb oiiprn.minid zixg`a eyi ly eziigz z` zepiivn od oky,xzei zeagx i`xwnd xetiqd xywdn ce`n dpeyd,df beqn ixvep xe`iza mik`lnd zrted zexnl ± lekiak miiyep`d,miipevigd mdipiit`n ixd,dtewzd zepn`a llk jxca ebved eay mik`lne qex` zeienca xhern btewxq xay.15.[xefgy] hilaz,p"dql ziriaxd d`nd,`nex,iv`tet ic df`w cnv zlra,aex it lr dnexir,dtie dxirv dyi`k zx`ezn `id zepn`a.mil`d axwa gvp iigl dzkf qepe.dabl zexaegnd (mixtxt itpk zeienc) zelbern miitpk
79,z`f mr.dcitwa exnyp ± miitpk zxqge ipeei oepbqa dyeal,dxirv,zixab zenc dlawdd z` yibcnd ixhniq jxrna zexg` zetpekn zeienc cvl mik`lnd mewin mvr.itxbepewi` befin jildz ly ezligz lr fnxn mdipia oeincde qtiqta mb,lirl xen`k,ievn,miitpk ilra mrtd,zexvpd ilnq i`yep mik`ln cnv zpvq lrn weica mwennd,[16 dpenz] dpeexa dlhie oq ziiqpk ly jeezd mle`a zyw `ll mik`lnd mix`ezn,[5 dpenz] epi`xy itk,da xy`,mik`lnd zyelye mdxa` zxge`n dtewza cer ik d`xn `idy meyn,eppiiprl cgeina daeyg ef dnbec.miitpk miitpk xqgk j`lnd xe`iz minieqn zenewna oiicr xnyp,ziyiyd d`nd rvn`k ezenc dykx miilnq e` miiheyiw mixehira eli`e,ik"pzd hqwhd lr zeqqeand zepvqa.miitpkd `ed mday ixwirdy,qex`e dixehwie miipbtd mil`d zeiencn mipiit`n dbxcda mik`lnd ieaix rwx lr i`xwn xetiq dbivnd dpvqa miitpk ixqg mik`ln ly mzrted oky,itxbepewi` mfipexkp` oirn deedn dlhie oq ziiqpk iqtiqta mix`eznd mitpeknd d`nd rvn`a cer dl`k mixetiq zex`znd zepvqa ritedl elgd miitpk ilra mik`ln oegvipd zyw iqtiqta dievn jkl xzeia zhlead dnbecd xy`k,jxrl p"dql ziyingd diiqpk ly jeezd mle` iqtiqt z` lirl izxkfd.`nexa dxe'bn dixn dhpq ziiqpka cebipa.[4 dpenz] miitpk ixqg mik`ln mi`xp oday zeik"pz zepvq xwira mix`znd,ef,eyi iign zepvq ly zicegii ditxbepewi` millek diiqpk dze` ly zywd iqtiqt,jkl elbzpy (sinopia) dpkdd ineyixa ik ze`xl oiiprn.mitpekn mik`ln miriten oda xy` etqep miitpkd ;miitpk `ll mix`ezn mik`lnd oegvipd zyw ly qtiqtd zpenzl zgzn zepqqd ly rbx,dnecnk,z`han ef dcaer!mipa`d ueaiy alya wx d`xpd lkk mdl j`lnd mbc oia xarnd z` dyignne j`lnd zenc aevirl qgia on`d cvn zitxbepewi`.speknd j`lnd mbcl miitpkd xqg alvd lnq mr oeilcn i`yep mik`ln.16.qtiqt,p"dql 547±532,dpeex,dlhie oq ziiqpk zegztzd lr oeica jxc oeiv mieedn dxe'bn dixn dhpq ly oegvipd zyw iqtiqt zyxl mitpekn mik`ln elgd eay alyd z` mitwyn mdy meyn,speknd j`lnd zenc
ipel` xiy 80 ditxbepewi` ;zeixetiq zepvqa mb,miitpkd ilehp,"miiyep`"d mik`lnd ly mnewn z`,qetexi` `xec ly xiwd ixeivy cera.cala miitpkd ilehpl onf eze` cr dxeny dziidy oia dxexa dcxtd lr oiicr micirn iv`tet ic df`wn btewxqd e` eplinn adpyd gel e`,qex`,dkiqt,dixehwie) zexg` zetpekn zeienc oiae j`lnd ly zi`xwnd ezenc mdipia befind ziy`x zxkip xak dxe'bn dixn dhpq iqtiqta ixd,(mihqilbpee`d ilnq z` dbxcda xvi xy` befin ± zixetiq dpvqa spekn j`ln ly zenc zrted epiid ±.meik epl zxkend ziqetihd j`lnd zenc miitxbepewi` zexewn ± speknd j`lnd mbc.c dze`y,zexaqd zg`.mik`lnd itpk ly oxewnl xy`a xwgna elred zepey zexaq,zei`xwnd mitxyde miaexkd zeienca miitpkd xewn z` ddfn,oldl dagxda biv` dibele`iza dbxcda eyhyhid (migilyd) midel`d ik`ln oiae mdipia milcadd xy` drtydd zlrak zicedid zxeqnd z` d`exd,ef dprh.zixvepde zicedid zepn`ae weqr`y zxg` zifkxn dxrydl cebipa zcner,speknd j`lnd mbc yeaiba zrxknd,`nexe oeei ly zeibelezinae zeaxza ef drtezl ziaxnd dnexzd z` zqgiind,da ze`ian,d`xpy itk,dl` zeyib.qex`e dixehwie ly zetpeknd odizeienca hxtae egeex xy`,miitpkd iaexn mii`lkd ixevi enk,mitqep d`xyd zexewn mb oeayga cgeina) miixvepd mihqilbpee`d ilnqae,dwizrd zra zinheteqnde zixvnd zepn`a.zixvepd ditxbepewi`a ef dtewza eyabzd xy`,(speknd mc`d,izn ly elnq mitxyde miaexkd ± miicedi zexewn zixvepd zepn`a dgztzdy itk j`lnd zenca oaexa zewqer lirl exkfedy zexrydd ik,orh (Landsberger) xbxaqcpl upxt zepn`d xweg,mle`.miipiad ini ziy`x ly zepn`a mbcd zrted iptl ax onf zicedid zepn`a iehia icil d`a speknd j`lnd zenc dpigan zniiw dziid miitpkd lra j`lnd ly ezegkepy,z`fn dxzie,zixvepd 36.miizefg zipaze dxev dl ewpred mxha cer zicedid zxeqnae dibele`iza zil`ehtqpew miaexkd hxtae,mi`iapd zepeifga ex`ez xy` zetpekn zei`xwn zeieyi oze`,ezprhl.speknd j`lnd mbc zexveeid lr xzeia izernynd drtydd mxeb eidy od,mitxyde mzefg xy`,mii`lk zeienc mxwira eid,zepey mikxca `xwna ex`ez xy`,miaexkd mixevil dneca `.midel`d izxynke ocrd ob ixneyk mciwtz z` dtwiy znii`nd
81 e`lin xy`,eq`nlde oetixbd,qwpitqd enk,mecwd gxfnd zeieaxzn miibelezin e`x) sere dig,mc` oia aeliy oirnk aezkd it lr miaexkd e`xp,minec miciwtz zencl daexw,d`xpd lkk,zipevigd mzrted dziid ok it lr s`.(k,i ;g±f,` l`wfgi xzei,(mteb z` dqkn miitpk bef ceryk) miccvl yext miitpk bef zlra dtewf mc` a minid ixac ;`i,d,` l`wfgi e`x) rax` lr mikledd mii`lkîipal daexw dziidyn.(bi±i,b mny ly dibelenih`dy,zeaxern zeieyi md miik"pzd mitxyd mb,miaexkl dneca 37 minieqn mixe`iz it lr mle`.mittern mipewxc ly beql e` miygpl xyw lr zfnxn lr oke (f±e,b,e ediryi e`x) miiyep` mieez lr miriavnd,i`xwnd hqwha mixkfpd mda xy`,(wxir) sl'g lza elbzpy q"dptl oey`xd sl`d zligzn mihilaz jnq z` dlrn xbxaqcpl,dicia miygp zfge` miitpk yy zlra ziyep` zenc zx`ezn mifnxn mpi`,mny mr midefnd,miygpde sewf mc` seb ilra eid mitxydy dxrydd 38.mdly miilnq mipiit`nk wxe j` miynyn `l` zipevigd mzrted lr,zeyext miitpk cnve dtewf dcinr,iyep` d`xn ilrak sxyde aexkd ly ef dqitz xecgl elgd mxha cer dnecwd zil`xyid zeaxza zyxyen,xbxaqcpl itl,dziid lr i`xwnd j`lnd zenc mr dze` bfnl wx yxcpe,inexde ipeeid mlerd zertyd dil` ecai` mitxyde miaexkdy dcaerd 39.meik epl xkend speknd j`lnd mbc z` yabl zpn,ixnbl zeiyep` zeienc mr dbxcda edefe miiziigd mdipiit`n z` zicedid daygna 40 `ed ef dtwyd qiqa lr.cenlzd iyxcn ici lr mb,xbxaqcpl ly ezprhl,zknzp jkae,mixvepd yeniy ea eyry iptl zicedid zepn`a rited speknd j`lnd mbc ik orh minbc dpnn el`y,dycgd zcl zepiera eqgiizdy,micedid ik zexyt`d z` lly mb ditxbepewi`d z` dvni`y `id zixvepd zepn`dy,xryl xzei oekp ezrcl.miizefg.dizexivia zicedid diipyd d`ndn,`nexn icedi btewxq `id ezcnr wefigl ze`aend zexivid zg` hilazn xnzypy cixya.(vignia Randanini) ipipcpx dipie btewxq dpeknd,p"dql zeienc rax` ocvae dxepnd lnqa zefge`d zetpekn zeienc izy zex`ezn btewxqd fkxna cnvd z` ex`iz mipey mixweg.[17 dpenz] dvgnl zenexir,zexg` zetpekn ziigz z`e ycwnd zia znewz z` :zecdid oegvip z` zexyand dixehwie zeienck zervn`a edef zexg`d zeiencd.minid zixg`a (btewxqa xawpy znd mllka) miznd 41 dritend dxepndy xg`n.dpyd zeper ly zeyp`dk e` milnqk mdly mipiit`nd dziid (ycwnd zia z` xzei xge`ne) zixad oex` z` exhiry miaexkl mb ik oreh (235 'nr) xbxaqcpl zeiencd ixe`izl dneca,dzelbzd zra dpikyd lr mditpka jkeql did mciwtze mippebn ly zernyn.zixvnd zepn`a qixife` ly elnq lr zepbnd zetpeknd `
ipel` xiy 82 zetpekn zeienc ici lr `yipd dxepnd lnqa xhern btewxq.17.hilaz,p"dql dipyd d`nd,'ipipcpx dipie' btewxq zewifgnd zetpeknd zeiencd z` mb yxtl rivn xbxaqcpl,wdaen icedi lnq `id xe`iza izxyn miaexkd ly xge`n leblb ile` e`,mik`ln oda ze`xle zicedi gexa dze` 42 ef drvd.l`xyi mr ly dle`bd lnq i`yepk df xywda miynynd,`xwna midel`d,dpikyd izxynk miaexkd,mecw i`xwn oeirx ly iehia dnibcn `idy meyn zpiiprn zeiencd ly oyeal,z`f mr.ziq`lwd ditxbepewi`dn le`yd,xge`n ileaniq mbca miipzena dxeywd zeitzk zlny ± dixehwie dl`d ly iypd yeall xzei dnec dxivia dcaer ;dnilbe mileexy zlra dkex` dwipeh :izxeqnd ixabd j`lnd yeall xy`n ±.ef zepyxt yilgdl dieyry lr zeritend zenexird zetpeknd zeiencd z` ze`xl xbxaqcpl rivd gex dze`a dpyd xefgn lr mi`xg`d mik`lnk `l`,dpyd zeper ly zeipbt zeyp`dk `l btewxqd,at iteiz`d jepg) jepg xtqa hxetne zxge`nd zicedid zxeqna mdl ozipy ciwtz ± zenexir zeienc oia xkipd oeincd meyn,ziy`x.zeaiq izyn iziira df yexit `.(bi epzipy mipiit`nde zipevigd dzrted lr,zinexd (Genius) a qeipbd zencl dl` zetpekne md dnvr dxivi dze`ay gipdl xiaq `l,mik`ln zeienc dl` eid ok` m`,zipy.dl d`ndn `tl` ziaa zqpkd zia ztvxa mb riten dpyd zetewz z` zelnqnd zetpekn zeieyi ly xe`iz.248 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl e`x.ezprh wefigl eze` xikfn xbxaqcple,p"dql ziyiyd a dqixrdn,eiig jxe` lkl mc`d z` deelnd dpibne daihin gex,zinexd dibelezina :(Genius) qeipb zenck mb zynyn j`,dgtynde oi`eyipd iigl,zial mixeywd mihaid lr xwira zi`xg`e,xawd cre zetekz,dnilb yeal e` mexir,xirv xrpk llk jxca zepn`a x`ez qeipbd.xeaiv ipane mixr lr dpbnd.rty oxw e` oii riab ecia `yepd,spekn `
83 lr lawzn xzei.(dxepnd i`yep "mik`ln"d) zenilb iher mrte minexir mrt ex`ez zegtd lkl if` mihxta `l m`,cig` d`xn df dxwna mdl wiprn did on`dy zrcd Îmiipbt miaihen ueni`k elek xe`izd z` yxtl xzei oekp d`xp jkitl.illkd aevira,dle`b ly mixqn zxarde zicedi zedf iehia jxevl ± qeipbe dixehwie zeienc ± miiq`lw 43.miig zeixefgne dnewz dhfex ze`yep zetpekn zeienc izy icixya xhern oa` sewyn.18.ilkixc` xehir,jxrl p"dql ziyilyd d`nd,(mrxia) mrxa xtka zqpkd zia zeiencd z` xbxaqcpl yxit mb dnec jxca izan mixhern mitewyn iab lr zeritend zetpeknd dpenz] lilba (mrxia) mrxaîxtka miwizrd zqpkd mdipy,[19 dpenz] (ocxid xara) dwicîc`e [18.jxrl p"dql ziyilyd d`ndn,zetgxn zetpekn zeienc ze`xp dl` mixe`iza dxzep dwicîc`a xehirdn) ixhniq jxrna zepbxe`n.dhfex e` xf odipia ewifgd xy` (zg` zenc wx zepn`dn gewl envr mbcdy s` lr,ezprhl ztpekn zenca xhern oa` sewyn.19,dwicîc`a zqpkd zia mini`zn mpi` miipbt miaihen,zinexde zihqipldd,jxrl p"dql ziyilyd d`nd,icedi zqpk zia ly dqipk xry lr ixehir aikxk.[xefgy] ilkixc` xehir zeiencd `:zxg` zernyna mze` oiadl yi jkitle miynynd,miaexk ± weic xzil e`,mik`ln ly `l` dixehwie dl`d ly opi` micnva 44 odipia wfgend xfd z`.dnly ycwnae zixad oex` lr eavipy adfd iaexkl xekf` xeiva l`l zewiprn zeiencdy xfdn,lynl,licadl mle`,zedel`l deegnk d`x `ed mihpnl`n mbe qetexi` `xeca zqpkd zia ixeiva zeritend dixehwie zeiencn egezipa mlrzn xbxaqcpl zia ollkae,p"dql ziyiyd d`ndn zqpkd iza iqtiqta zeievnd ynyd l` zeienc znbec,mixg` miipbt.`tl` ziaa zqpkd `
ipel` xiy 84 midel`d zenc dx`ez `l zqpkd iza itewyn lr,qetexi` `xeca qe`f ycwna xiwd ziaa miaexkd itpk ici lr dxzqedy dpikyd enk,zi`xpîizla zeyi dx`yp `ide 45.ycwnd xewn xaca oeicl zpiiprn zieef zewiprne daygn zexxern xbxaqcpl ly eizervd zrtyd z` icn dax zelwa lhal dhep `edy dncp,z`f mr.j`lnd ly miitpkd qgiil,ule`n ote`a mizrl,dqpne dnecwd zicedid zepn`d lr inexîipeeid agxnd ditxbepewi`d ly ilnqd orhnd z` oeayga `iadl ila,zicrla zicedi zernyn zexivil.yeniy mipn`d eyr day,ziq`lwd qex`e dixehwie ± miipbt zexewn.xbxaqcpln zepey zepwqnle zexrydl eribd hltxa x`pebe (Goodenough) spceb oieex` zegztzdl ixwird d`xydd xewn z` qex`e dixehwie ly zeipbtd zeienca midfn mdipy zeipgex,zexidnl lnqk miitpk ly ziq`lwd dqitzd,mztwydl.speknd j`lnd mbc zwprd ceqia dcnry `id,mc` ipal mil` oia e`,miivx`l miininy zenler oia jeeize 46 zenc,spceb it lr.zixvepde zicedid zepn`ae zebda midel`d ik`lnl miitpkd,ixewnd dpaena dze`xl yi zicedid zepn`a j`,zexvpa "j`ln" dzpek dixehwie 47.zenieqn zexivia j`ln owz lr zynyn `id xy`k mb,diigze oegvip lnqk zeaxza `ed,dligza diexw dziidy itk ± dwip e`,dixehwie ly dzenc xewn dfecne qnxd,dkiqt,qex` oda,zeizcb`d dizeiencl miitpk wiprdl dbdp xy`,zipeeid dzexidn lr fenxl ick ztpekn dziid zipeeid dwip.zetpekn zeiyep` zeienc olek ±.mi`wiqen e` mihlz`,mi`iavn aexl,mc`d ipal oegvip iqxt zwprda mil`d zgilyk d`nd zligza dwip ly dzenc mr dbfnzd,`nexa liawna dgztzdy,dixehwie zenc ozipy itk,gxfnd z` eyaky miinexd mixqiwd zipexhtl dzyrpe q"dptl ziyilyd.zerahne oegvip zezyw lr dtekzd dzrtedn ze`xl zipbtd dxeawd zepn`a ifkxn `yepk ynyl dixehwie zenc dlgd zinexd dtewza zlnqnk (xhtpd oweic z` e` scv,obn,xf `yepd cnva aexl) mibtewxq iab lr dx`eze e` qex` zeienc cnva dzenc dtlged mizrl.elenb md gvpd iigy,zeend lr oegvipd df xe`iza yeniy dzyr,spceb zprhl,zecdid.ddf zeilnq lr exny xy`,qeipb dbivda,miipevigd eiiehia z` wx `l`,epaen z` zepyl ila,dly dxeawd zepn`a lr miwicvd oegvipl lnqk (xg` lbern utg e`) xfd ze`yep dixehwie zeienc cnv z` 48 btewxqd lr xehird `ed jkl dnbec.zeenl`d xfpa mzxzkde oeilikde lte`d zegek ezernyn j`,icedid dxepnd lnqa ipbtd oeilcnd slged eay,[17 dpenz] ipipcpx diipien.gvp iiga diikfe zeend lr oegvip :dxnyp zllekd
85 Îc`ae mrxaa miwizrd zqpkd iza itewyn ly mixehird z` spceb gzpn dnec jxca,zetpekn zeienc izy ly micixy mi`xp eay,dnx xtkn zqpkd zia sewyn z`e dwic 49 `id ezxaq.[20 dpenz] xf odipia zefge`e diipyd len zg` ixhniq jxrna zetgxnd oky ± miipbtd miycwndn `l mdly dlitzd iza ixryl aihend z` evni` micedid ik xewn opi`y,zeinexd oegvipd zezywn `le ± dl` miycwna laewn did `l dfk mbc l`xyi mr ly epaxeg z`,xzid oia,zexikfn od oky) zqpk zia ixehirl mi`zn drtyd eynzyde zinexd dxeawd zepn` jezn mbcd z` el`y md.(`nexa qehih xry enk,envr zqpkd ziaa zelitzde dpen`d ik deewzd :icedi xywda ik m`,zernyn dze`a ea miipbtd dyecwd ilnqy myk,`ad mlera mipin`nl zeenl` iigle dle`bl,dreyil e`iai.znl gvp iigl ddinkd z` e`hia mibtewxqd ihilaza xf ze`yep zetpekn zeienc izya zxhern sewyn oa`.20.ilkixc` xehir,jxrl p"dql ziyilyd d`nd,dnx xtka zqpkd zia cegi`k zitxbepewi`d mzegztzd z` ddfn spceb?mitpeknd mik`lnl xy`a dne zeyeal,zeyecwd zeienca exewny miitpkd xqg j`lnd mbc oiae dixehwie zenc oia mipeeiiznd micedid ici lr zepn`l excg xy` (dkex` dxida dnilb) 'qixife` znilb' ziyep`d zencd `.mdly j"pzd ixtqa mik`ln zeienc xe`izl minbcl ewwfpy,mixvna,dixehwie ly zernyna dligza drited ± df itxbepewi` befin xvez ± miitpkd zlra mipiit`n dlaiw,zixvepd zepn`a xwira,jynda wxe,zeenl` iige ziyi` dle`bl lnqk.meik epl zxken ef zency itk j`ln ly mil`ey mdy jezn,spekn j`lnl dixehwie zenc z` dbxcda ektd mixvepd mzc ly mixqnd z` okezl miwveie oda drited zipbtd zencdy zepvqe zeivifetnew mi`xnd miinexde miihqipldd mixe`izd z` mktda mipn`d eyr,lynl,jk.dycgd milyexil eyi zqipk ly dbvdl,xqiwd ly oegvipd rqn ly dbidpnk dixehwie dl`d z` ` e`x.dxe'bn dixn dhpqa mik`lnd ixe`iza ok enke qetexi` `xeca xiwd ixeiva zeievn jkl ze`nbec.144±143 'nr,(1958) spceb
ipel` xiy 86 mbxez xy`,xfd ze`yep dixehwie zeienc cnv aihena mb jke ;eiptl spekn j`lnyk oq ziiqpk iqtiqt mi`xny itk,zexvpd ilnq i`yep mik`ln befl zihpfiad zepn`a dwif xvi xy`,qepihqebe` ly eiazk lr mb eizeriawa jnzqn spceb.dpeexa dlhie eilr xn`p wcva" :"midel`d xir"a eazka j`lnd zencl dixehwie zenc oia dxexa,zeynn zlehp dpidy dixehwie `l gley `ed oky,igvpd izin`d jlnd `edy [...] 50.(spceb lv` zeybcd) "[...] ek`ln z` `l` meyn od speknd j`lnl qetihîa`k dixehwie mbc z` evni` mixvepd,hltxa it lr dxitqd oia xywnd,dawp e` xkf oinn zeidl lekiy,idel` gily ± ipkezd oeincd `hazdl lgd xak,epgkepy itk,xy`) dxeva oeincd llba ode,zivx`l zininyd,zexidn zetwynd,miitpk mr ziyep` zenc ± (dtewz dze` ly zixvepd daygna 51 dnxz inexîipeeid mlera dixehwie ly dzernyn.zenler oia segix zlekie zeipgex,dycgd mzc zepeilr z` oibtdl evx xy`,mixvepdy meyn,df ipey`x xeaigl zeax ycewd iazkl xzei min`ezd,zexvpd ilnqae j`ln zenca dbxcda dze` exind mpne` oeirx.zeenl`e oegvip lnq ± ixewnd dpaen lr exny j`,qepihqebe` ly ezepyxtle lr ex`ezy) zeixvepd zenxbepend i`yep,mitgxnd mik`lnd cnva cgeina xkip df mzrteda mipey mzeid zexnl xy`,(zeiqpka oegvip zezyw lre miadpy lr,mibtewxq ly dnec zernyn enlib,dixehwie zeiencn,mzwexqze myeala,mpina,zipevigd xzkend eyi ly mivetpd mixe`iza,jynda iehia icil d`a s` ef zernyn.oegvip.dze` mi`yep mik`ln icnv ipyy (cwy zienc,dlblbq dxev) dlxecpn jeza xwira erited mitpekn minexir mixrp :d`xydl xewn dziid qex` zenc mby okzii,dixehwie zepenz mb e`liny ciwtz,xhtpd oweic i`yepk miipbt mibtewxq iab lr dcina oiit` df ciwtz 52.`ad mlerl zenypd ieelnk eyniy qex` zeienc odn dpeya j` yeaibd jildza yeniy mipn`d mda eyr jk meyne,zixvepd daiyga mik`lnd z` dax mik`lnl ozkitd jldna qex` zeienc exary izednd iepiyd.speknd j`lnd mbc ly dpenz] iv`tet ic df`wn btewxqd xay mibcny itk,zenilba "ozyald" `ed mitpekn dnec jildz.df cvl df ea mix`ezn dnilb iehr spekn j`lne mexir qex` xy`,[15 mik`lndn wlg xy`k,dxyrîrax`d d`nd z`xwl,jetd oeeika j`,ztqep mrt ygxzd mdizenilbn "ehyted",iwlhi`d qpqpxa e`xwpy itk (Putti) 'ihet',miipiad ini ly dnbndn wlg didy,df jildz mle`.mexir qex` ly zenc ycgn elaiwe zexegvd 53.j`lnd byen ly zizedn difieexa deel `l,ziq`lwd zeaxzd z`iigd ly zizepn`d zegztzdd rwxa ecnr xy` miizepn`de miibele`izd,miipeyld miiepiyl cebipa z`f.xn`na izxwq dze`y,p"dql zepey`xd ze`na zencd ly zitxbepewi`d
87 mekiq.d zicedid zepn`a speknd j`lnd zenc ly ditxbepewi`d yeaib ialya wqr df xn`n ektd miitpky s` lr.miipiad ini ziy`xae zxge`nd dwizrd zra zixvepd zepn`ae ex`ez mxewna,zepn`a mik`ln zeienc ly xkidd oniqle ifkxnd oiit`nl onfd jldna ze`nbecd xgana ze`xl ozipy itk,miitpk `lle dlibx ziyep` zefg ilrak mik`lnd ze`ndn dxeaw zepex` ixehire adpy ihilaz,miqtiqt,ci iazk,xiw ixeiv ly qqazde jxrl p"dql ziyingd d`nd rvn` cr geex df ihppinec mbc.p"dql zepey`xd zexivia dpey`xae y`xa rited `ed.ycewd iazka mik`lnd ixe`iz lr wdaen ote`a ik m`,zipevigd zextqdne dycgd zixadn,j"pzdn mixetiq ly zepvq oda e`xpy.mixg` mixywda mb mik`ln zeienc aevir lr rityd Îj`lnd byen ly zixewnd dxcbda elgy miyeaiyne minebxzn d`vezk,dbxcda zicedid zibele`izd zebda zepey zeipyxt zenbn ly ozehytzd awr mbe,gilyd miininy mixevil dligza eqgeiy zepekze mipnnq lelkl j`lnd zenc dlgd,zixvepde mixweg mipreh jk,caa ca.ixwird dpiit`nl dxdna eyrpy miitpkd okezae,mixg` zeaxzdn zeitxbepewi` zertyd mb speknd j`lnd mbc zexveeidl enxz,micg` dl` zertyd.zetpekn zeibelezin zeienc erty xy`,zinexîzipeeide zinheteqnd,mecwd mbcd it lr,miitpk ixqg mik`ln mi`xp mday zexivia,epi`xy itk,zexkip epl xkend speknd j`lnd zxivil dbxcda ebfnzd xy`,miitpk zelra zeienc cvl.meik zepn`a xzei mixge`n mixe`iza mb ritedl etiqed miitpk `ll mik`ln,z`f mr zepn`a `weec.mecwd aihend z` givpdle xfgyl et`y xy` zexivia,miipiad ini jxe`le eizerted ehrnzpe ekld,miitpkd xqg j`lnd dpey`xl rited da xy`,zicedid oky,jk lr denzl oi`.mitpekn mik`ln wxe j` hrnk da `evnl ozip miipiad ini minbca yeniy eyr mixacd rahne,dxwira zixvep daiaqa elrt miicedid mipn`d mixge`n zexecay jka oiipr yi mle`.ixvepd mlera egeexe egztzdy miitxbepewi` yeyi`l wwcfdl ila,xnben mbck speknd j`lnd zenc z` miicedid mipn`d elaiw cinz hrnk x`ezn j`lnd,epi`xy itk,mda xy`) mii`xwnd zexewndn il`ehqwh.daezkd dlind znerl izefgd ienicd ly egek z` ahid yignnd xac ;(miitpk `ll mixywda ritedl zekiynn ± cg`k zetpekne miitpk zexqg ± mik`ln zeienc dxirqd xy`,zipgexîzinybd,zizcigd mzenca oky,epini mvr cr mipey miizeaxz,mipy itl` jyna mipn` lye mixxeyn ly,miteqelit ly,mibele`iz ly mzaygn z`.xe`izl ozip izlad ly dwnwngd zeki`d dnelb
ipel` xiy 88 mewn i`xn.280 'nr,(1944) hbel.272 'nr,(1944) hbel.119 'nr,(h"iyz) ipevigd l`ipc xtq.46 'nr,(1998) 'zxlqpe oehq`c.270 'nr,(1944) hbel.316±315 'nr,(1958) spceb.26 'nr,(1968) hltxa.64 'nr,(1968) hltxa.302±292 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.237 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.237 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.238 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.241 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl,(1998) qag ;244 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.71 'nr.244 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.71 'nr,(1998) qag.246±245 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.247 'nr,(1947) xbxaqcpl.17 'nr,(1968) hltxa.135 'nr,(1958) spceb.142±141 'nr,(1958) spceb.135 'nr,(1958) spceb.145 'nr,(1958) spceb hhevn.32 'nr,(1968) hltxa.57 'nr,(1968) hltxa.111 'nr,(1968) hltxa 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.284 'nr,(1987) hxcew ;240±239 'nr,(l"yz) hrpxae eheq`w.396 'nr,(a"nyz) xencz.957 'nr,(1992) mixg`e xbxana.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.976 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.26 'nr,(1949) daepqin`.368 'nr,(d"kyz) xqelt.988 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.968 'nr,(l"yz) hkil.292 'nr,(e"nyz) ipexcpqkl`d oelit.284 'nr,(1987) hxcew.509 'nr,(1981) i'fehe ql`ia,oel`t.509 'nr,(1981) i'fehe ql`ia,oel`t.211 'nr,(1966) o`ilehxh.14 'nr,(1994) oeqcieec.267 'nr,(1944) hbel.4 'nr,9 jxk,(1964) spceb.270 'nr,(1944) hbel.367 'nr,(d"kyz) xqelt.509 'nr,(1981) i'fehe ql`ia,oel`t.22 'nr,(1999) oxhltîoe.58 'nr,(2001) qxit.336±334 'nr,(1944) hbel 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 zexewn zniyx :a,miipevigd mixtqd,'ipevigd l`ipc xtq',jxere mbxzn,(h"iyz) y"`,mehxd.(aia` lz) mipexg` miaezk xe`l,'`nexa zeicedid zeanewhwa dxepnd :deewze zedf',(g"pyz) `idîil,qag.(milyexi) l`xyi oe`ifen,lnq ly eleblb :dxepnd oinipae oiai l`eny,ipiqîxeh uxd ilztp,'mik`ln/'d j`ln',(l"yz) mely awri,hkil c,eztewze `xwnd lr zericid xve` :zi`xwn dictelwivp`,(mikxer) xfn.(milyexi) :ipexcpqkl`d oelit,(zkxer) shp l`ipc ofeq,dyn iig,(e"nyz) ipexcpqkl`d oelit.(milyexi) `,miazk