`mkw 15 ABGô S G IQƒ S A ymbw 17 Ckvdm-Dv QwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwE wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

ABGô S G IQƒ S 17. kqdxp Ckvdm-Dv a -bn Ah-X-cn- Xv hn-\-ßƒ 111 hn`mkw (dp-iq-dv) 12 Ppkv-Dv þ 15 ["kqdøv _\q Ckvdm-Cu ' F pw "kqdøv kp_vlm\' F pw Cu kqd- Øn\v t]cv ]d-b-s -Sm-dp v. Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cpsS Ncn-{X-kw-`-h-ßƒ ]expw CXn hnh-cn- -s - n-cn- p- -Xn \n mwv "kqdøv _\qc-kvdm-cu ' F t]cv h Xv. "kp_vlm\' F t] kqd-øns XpS- -søbpw, "Ckvdm-Dv' F t] BZyh-N-\-Øn {]kvxm-hn- p Ckvdm-Dv (cm{]-bmw) kw`-h-søbpw kqnn- n- p p. CXv a o kqd-øp-i-fn s]- -Xmbn FÆ-s -Sp- p-s - nepw Ah-km-\-Ønse GXm\pw Nne hn-\-ßƒ azo-\-bn Ah-X-cn- -Xm-sW pw A`n-{]m-b-ap v. Ah C -sxm-s -bm-sw- p- -Xn GtIm-]n A`n-{]m-b-an.] F m cm{xn-bnepw \_n Xncp-ta\n kqd-øv- _-\q-c-kvdm-cuepw, kqd-øpp-adpw HmXm-dp- m-bn-cp- p-sh v BCim (d) {]kvxm-hn- -Xmbn AlvaZv, Xn azn, \kmcu (d) apx-em-b-h \nth-z\w snbvxn-cn- p p. ]c-a-im-cp-wn-i\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[nbp-amb A m-lp-hns \ma-øn. 1 bmsxm-cp-h alm-]-cn-ip-! Xs ASn-bms\ Hcp cm{xnbn "akvpn-zp ldman ' []hn- {X-amb ] n-bn ] \n v Ah cm{]-bmww snøn- n-cn- p p. Np p- ]mspw \mw Bio h-zn- n- p (AYhm A\p-{K-ln- n- p ) "akvpn- Zp AIzvkzm' [Atß-A- sø ] n]bnte v; \ΩpsS ZrjvSm- ß-fn \n v (Nne-sX mw) At±- 2653

l-øn\v \mw ImWn- p-sim-sp- phm th n. \n -b-ambpw Ah-\s{X (F mw) tiƒ p- -h\pw, ImWp- -h-\p-am-bp- -h. 1 alm-]-cn-ip-, Rm kvtxm{xw snøp p cm{]-bmww (cmhp-bm{x) snøn- -hs\ Xs ASn-asb, ASn-bms\ Hcp cm{xn-bn akvpn-zn (] n-bn ) \n v ldm-amb (Aew-L-\o-b-amb ]hn- {X-amb) akvpn-zn-te v (] n-bn-te v) AIz-vkzbm-Ip (Atß A -Øp ) bmsxmcp (] n) \mw _ Øv (Bio mzw A\p- {Klw KpW-h [\) snbvxn-cn- p p AXns Np p-]m-sn At±-l-Øn\v \mw ImWn- p-sim-sp- p-hm th n \ΩpsS ZrjvSm- -ß-fn \n v \n -b-ambpw Ah-\s{X tiƒ p- -h ImWp- -h, ImWp- -h- \mb [\ΩpsS ASn-bm v \ΩpsS ZrjvSm- -ß-fn \n v (Nne-sX mw) ImWn- p-sim- Sp- p-hm th n, "akvpn-zp ldm-an' \n v Hcp cm{xn-bn Np p-]mspw \mw A\p-{K-ln- m-io h-zn- n- p "akvpn-zp AIzvkzm"bnte v At±-lsØ cm{]- bmww snøn- -h (A mlp) alm-]-cn-ip- Xs. Ah-\s{X (F mw) tiƒ p- -h\pw ImWp- -h-\p-am-bp- -h ] Hcp cm{xn-bn a bn \n v ss_øp apiz±-kn-te pw, ]n osv AhnsS \n v BIm-i-tØ pw \_n snbvx c v bm{x-i-fn H m-a-søxv AGnôr Sp G (cm{]-bmww AYhm cmhp-bm{x) F pw, c m-a-søxv êgnôr pÿg (BIm-im-tcm-lWw AYhm hm-\-bm{x) F p-ap t]cp-i-fn {]kn- -amwv. kmam-\y-am-bn-s - nepw Ah-sb- p-dn v Adn-bm-Ø-h apkvenw kap-zm-b-øn D m-bn-cn- p-hm {]bmk-amwv. BIm-im-tcm-l-WsØ ("ana-vdmpns\v') kw_- n Nne ]cm-a i-ßƒ kqd-øp- -Pvav: 13 18 ImWm-hp- -XmWv. (B hn-\-ßfpw Ah-bpsS hymjym- \hpw t\m pi) cm{]-bm-wsø ("Ckvdm-Dv' s\) pdn- mwv Cu hn-\-øn {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p- Xv. {]kvxpx c v kw`-h-ß-sf- p-dn pw hni-z-hn-hcw \ap v e`n- p- Xv ]cn-tim-[n mw. (Xs ASn-bms\ cm{]-bmww snøn- -h alm-]-cn-ip-.) F p "Xkv_oln' s {]tbmkw, B {]bmww tihew km[m-c-w-t]mse-bp Hcp bm{x-b-s pw, A `p-x-i-chpw Akm-[m-c-W-hp-amb Hcp bm{x-bmbn-cp- p-sh pw ImWn- p p. (kp_vlm\) F ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn- p-sim v B cyw {]I-Sn- n- p- -Xmbn Izp -B-\n h n- p ÿm\-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n- m Cu hkvxpx a\- n-em- m-hp- -Xm-Ip p. (Akvdm) F {Inb-bn \n v- 2654

Xs B bm{x cm{xn Ime-Øm-bn-cp- p-sh- -dn-bm-sa- nepw Hcp cm{xn-bpss GXm\pw `mkta AXn\v FSp-Øn- p- q-sh v (Hcp cm{xn-bn ) F hm n ("akvpn-zp ldm- \n v a\- n-em mw. bm{x-bpss XpS- -sø- n an ' \n v) F s{x A mlp ]d- Xv. IA-v_x-bpsS Np p-]p-d-ß-fn-embn ÿnxn snøp ] n- mwv km[m-c-w-bmbn "akvpn-zp ldmw' F v ]d-bm-dp- Xv. lzo-yp-i-fn-em-is, akvpn-zp ldm-an \n v F pw, DΩp-lm\o (d)bpss ho n \n v F pw, lnpvdn \n v F pw cnhm-b-øp-iƒ hyxykvx cq]-øn h n- p v Xm\pw. AXp-sIm v "akvpn-zp ldmw' sim v ChnsS Dt±-in- -s - n-cn- p- Xv ]e alm amcpw ]d-bp- -Xvt]mse, a m-l-dtam, a m-cm-pytam BsW v Icp-tX- n-bn-cn- p p. a -sbbpw, a -ml-d-an-s\bpw Dt±-in p "akvpn-zp ldmw' F v ]d-bm-sa pw A _-Izdx 191, 196 F o hn-\-ß-fn \n v hy -am-ip- p- v-xm\pw. DΩp-lm\o (d) bpss hospw akvpn-zp ldm-ans ]cn-k-c-øn-em-bn-cp- p-sh- p- Xpw, lnpv IA-v_- bpss Hcp `mk-am-sw- p- Xpw (*) {]kvxm-hy-am-ip p. CXpw lzo-yns cnhm-b- Øp-Ifpw IqSn ]cn-tim-[n- p-tºmƒ, \_n ktlm-zcn DΩp-lm\n (d)bpss ho n Dd-ßn- n-s- p-t -SØv \n v Fgp-t p akvpn-zp ldm-an-te v t]msb pw, ]n osv lnpvdn sh v Xncp-ta\n Dd- -Øn\pw DW - p-an-s-bn-ep (icn pw Dd-ßn-I-gn- n- n- mø) Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn- p-tºm-gm-bn-cp p Ckvdm-Cs XpS- -ap- m-bsx pw, InS- n-cp hncp- n Xs bm{x Ign p as-ßn-sb-øn-sb pw ]e alm amcpw Nq n- m- p p. "akvpn-zp AIzvkzm' bn-te- v AYhm ss_øp apiz±kp-hsc Bbn-cp p B bm{x. Ahn-Sp- -tßm v D]cn temi-tø- p- mb bm{xbmwv "ana-vdmpv'. AXn-s\- p-dn v ChnsS ]cm-a i-sam- p-an. ss_øp apiz-±knse ] n a -bn \n v hfsc AYhm A m-eøv Hcp amksø bm{xm- Zqcw AI-se-bm-b-Xv-sIm pw, A m-eøv AXn-\- pdw ]ffn C m-xn-cp- -Xv -sim- p-amwv AXns\ AtßA -tøxv ( ) F v hnti-jn- n- n-cn- p- Xv. (Np p-]mspw \mw A\p-{K-ln- m-io h-zn- Xv) F p AXns\ hntijn- n- n-cn- p p. hnhn-[-xcw Irjn-I-fmepw txm -ß-fmepw kar- hpw A\p-{K-lo- X-hp-as{X A pw C pw B {]tz-i-ßƒ. AtXm-SvIqSn,C_vdmlow \_n (A) apx At\Iw {]hm-n-i am-cp-ssbpw Ah-cpsS ax-{]-t_m-[\ kwcw-`-ß-fp-ssbpw Ncn-{X-ßƒ v Nnc-Imekm yw hln- p-hm-\p `mkyhpw B \msp-iƒ v A mlp \ In-bn- p- v. \ΩpsS ZrjvSm- -ß-fn \n pw At±-l-Øn\v \mw ImWn- p-sim-sp- p-hm th n. CXm-bn-cp p B {]bm-w-øns e yw. Cu ZrjvSm- ßƒ sim p-t±iyw F m-sw v hy -am- -s - n- n. {]kvxpx bm{xm-th-f-bn \_n I Xpw, A\p-`-hn- -Xp-ambn {]_-e-amb lzo-yp-i-fn h n- p A p- (*) Ct m-gp IAv_x si n-s-øn-\p- n s]-sp-ømsx, AtXm-SvtN Øv A ]w Db-c-Øn axn si -s p InS- p- Xpw, km m IA-v_-xbpsS ÿm\w Xs D -Xp-amb ÿe-øn-\s{x lnpv AYhm lnpv Ckvam- Cu F v ]d-b-s -Sp- Xv. 2655

X-I-c-amb kw`-h-ßfpw Ahn-Sp-tØ v kn n A\p-{K-l-ß-fp-am-bn-cn pw AXpsIm v hnh- -sb v kmam-\y-ambn a\- n-em- m-hp- -XmWv. Hcp cm{xn-bpss GXm\pw kabw sim v Hcp amksø hgn-zq-c-ap ÿe-søøn as-ßp-hm Ign- Xv, Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-amb ss_øp apiz±kpw ] nbpw I Xv, Ign- pt]mb ]e {]hm-n-i am-cp-ambn kº w ]pe Øn-bXv F n-ßs\ lzo-yp-ifn h n- p- -sx mw B ZrjvSm- -ß-fn s]- -Xm-Ip p. Xs ASn-bms \_n Xncp-ta-\n -bpss F m ÿnxn-k-xn-ifpw ti pw I pw Adn-bp- -h-\mwv A mlp. AXp-sIm- v-x-s -bmwv Akm-[m-c-Whpw A p-x-i-c-hp-amb Cu bm{x-t]m-se-bp A\p-{K-l-ßƒ \ In At±-lsØ BZ-cn- Xpw. Cßn-s\-bp kqn-\-bmwv Ah-km-\sØ hmiyw. (\n -b-ambpw, Ah ti -dn-bp- -h\pw I -dn-bp- -h-\p-am-ip p) "CkvdmDw', "ana-vdmppw'. (cmhp-bm-{xbpw, hm\-bm-{xbpw) Da, Aen, C_v\p-a-kv-DuZv, A\kv, A_q-lp-dbvdx, A_q-Z dvx, C_v\p A mkv (d) apx-emb kzlm_o {]ap-j am-cn \n pw, DΩp-lm\o, Akvam-Dv (d) F o {]apj h\nxm kzlm-_n-i-fn \n p-ambn _pjmco, apkvenw (d) XpSßnb lzoyv ]WvUn-X am ]e am K-ß-fn qsn Cu hnjbw kw_- n v [mcmfw lzo-yp-iƒ tcj-s -Sp-Øn-bn- p v. Nne-Xn kpzo L-ambpw, Nne-Xn kw n-]vx-ambpw kw`hw hnh-cn- -s - n-cn- p p. hni-zmw-i-ß-fn Nne cnhm-b- Øp-Iƒ XΩn A ]w Nne hyxym-k-ßƒ ImW-s -Sp-sa- nepw {][m\ hi-ßfn Ah XΩn tbmpn v ImWm-hp- -XmWv. an -hmdpw lzo-yp-ifpw cnhm-b- Øp-Ifpw D -cn- -tijw C_v\p IYo (d) Ckvdm-C-s\- n {]kvxm-hn- -Xns Npcp w Xmsg simsp- p p: "\_n DW -bn-em-bn-cp- -t mƒ Xs kz]v\-øn-e a bn \n v ss_xp apiz±-kn-te v "_pdmizn' ta cm{xn-bn Xncp-ta\n sim p-t]m-is p. ] n-bpss hmxn -se-øn-b-t mƒ arksø (_pdm-izns\) hmxn si n. ] n-bn IS v c v div-aøv "Xln-øØv' (*) \a-kvi-cn p. ]n osv "anavdmpv' (**) sim p-h-c-s p. ]e ]Sn-I-fp timwn-t]m-se-bm-bn-cp p AXv. AXn-embn ASpØ BIm-i-Øn-te pw, a p BIm-i-Øn-te pw Xncp-ta\n Ibdn-t mbn. AX-Xnse {][m-\n-i-fmb Bfp-Iƒ (ae- p-iƒ) Xncp-ta-\nsb kzoicn p. BIm-i-ß-fn-ep- m-bn-cp {]hm-n-i am (***) Ah-c-h-cpsS ]Z-hn-{I-a-a-\pk-cn v \_n kemw ]d-bp-ibpw snbvxp. Aßs\, Bdmw BIm-i-Øn "Ieo- (*) ] n-bn {]th-in- p-tºmƒ A m-lp-hns apºn Hcp D]-Nm-c-sat mww snø-s -ts- p \a-kvim-c-amwv Xln-øØv. (**) Ib-dn-t m-im-\p km[\w. (***) Cu ImgvN-sb- - nbpw a pw Xmsg hnh-cn- p- p v. 2656

amb' (A- m-lp-hns kwkmcw t\cn ti {]hm-n-i-\m-b) aqkm-\_n(a)-bpssbpw, Ggmw BIm-i-Øn (A m-lp-hns D NßmXn F v A mlp hntijn- n ) C_vdmlow \_n(a)-bp-ssbpw ASp- Xncp-ta\n sn p. ]n osv AhnsS \n pw A pdw IS p A mlp IW- m- p Imcy-ßsf tcj-s -Sp- -Øp t]\- I-fpsS Ne\w tiƒ p-am-dp Hcp awvu-e-øn Xncp-ta\n FØn. "knzvd-xp ap Xlm'(*) F hr hpw I p. AXn-a-l-Ømb ]e Imcy-ßfpw IW- h W-ßfpw, ae- p-ifpw AXns\ Bh-cWw snbvxn-cp- p. Ahn-sS-sh v Pn_vco (-A)s\ At±-l-Øns km m cq-]-øn Adp- qdv Nnd-Ip-Iƒ klnxw Xncpta\n ImWp-I-bp- m-bn (**). ss_xp aavaqdpw Xncp-ta\n I p (***). `qan-bnse "IAv_x' bpss ÿm]-i-\mb C_vdmlow \_n (A) AXn-te v ]pdw-nmcn Ccn- p- -Xm-bn- mwv Xncp-ta\n I Xv. ImcWw AXv BIm-i-Ønse "IAv_x'bmIp p. Znh-kw-tXmdpw Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw ae- p-iƒ AXn {]th-in p Bcm-[-\m-I a-ßƒ \S-Øp p. Ah ]n osv Iznbm-a-Øp-\mƒhsc AXn-te v as-ßn-h-cp-i-bn. Xncp-ta\n kz Khpw \c-ihpw I p. AºXvt\-csØ \a-kvimcw AhnsS sh v-\n _- -am- -s p. A\- cw (aqkm-\-_n-bpss D]-tZ-i-{]-Imcw Xncpta\n A m-lp-hn-t\msv At]- n- -X-\p-k-cn v FÆw Iptds» Npcp- n-s m-sp-øpsim v) AXn elpxzw \ In. AXv A vt\-c-am n Cfhv snbvxp-sim-sp- p- Ibpw snbvxp. \a-kvim-c-øns al-xzhpw, a\p-jy-tcmsv A m-lp-hn-\p Imcp- Wyhpw \nan-ø-am-wxv. ]n osv Xncp-ta\n ss_xp apiz-±-kn-te v Cd-ßn-t m-cp- Ibpw (AhnsS sh p-i ) {]hm-n-i am-scbpw sim v \a-kvi-cn- p-ibpw snbvxp. ]n osv, Xncp-ta\n _pdm-izn ta Ib-dn-s m v (\nim- y-ønse) Ccp- Øv Xs a bn-te v as-ßn-h-cp-ibpw snbvxp. hmkvxhw A m-lp-hn-\-dnbmw. B bm{x-bn \_n v ]mepw tx\pw a pw ImWn- -s - Xpw Ahn-Sp v ]m Xnc-s -Sp-ØXpw ss_øp apiz±-kn sh m-sw pw, BIm-iØv sh msw pw (cnhm-bøv) h n- p v. Hcp-]t, c n-søv sh pw AXv D m-bn-cn- phm km[y-x-bp v. ImcWw, kµ i-\-øn\v hcp Bƒ v \ I-s -Sp Hcp k mcw t]mse-bp- -Xm-Wt m AXv. A m-lp-hn-\-dnbmw. ["C_v\q IYodn' s {]kvxm-h\ Ah-km-\n p]. t\cw ]pe -tijw cm{xn-bn-ep- mb Akm-[m-c-Whpw A `p-x-i-c-hp-amb Cu kw`-h-sø- p-dn v \_n P\-ßsf Adn-bn-t Xmakw, P\-as[y AXns\-Øp-S p- mb timem-l-e-ßƒ ]e-x-c-øn-em-bn-cp p. ssisim- n- n-cn- p- h, Xe-bn ssish p B cyw {]I-Sn- n- p- -h F n-ßs\ ]e-cq-]-ønepw (*) kz K-Øn-\-SpØv ÿnxn snøp Hc `px alm-hr- -amwv "knzvd- Xp ap Xlm' ( àæÿg IQ~ S) CXn-s\- n kqd-xp- Pvav, 14 18epw, lzo-yp-ifnepw hnh-cn- -s - n-cn- p p. kqd-xp- -Pvans hymjym-\-øn CXn-s\- n {]kvxm-hn- Xv t\m pi. (**) CXn-s\-]- nbpw kqd-xp- -Pvan ]cm-a i-ap v. (***) kzm s]cp-am- -ap `h\w F mwv. "ss_xp aa-vaq ' F hm ns kmcw. XpS p hnh-c-w-øn \n v CXn-s\- n kmam\yw {Kln mw. 2657

Ah ]cn-lm-k-øn-s bpw, \ntj-[-øn-s bpw {]I-S-\-ßƒ \SØn. Nne A_q- _-Iv (d)s ASp- -te v HmSn hnhcw ]d p At±-l-Øns {]Xn-I-cWw Bcm p. \_n Aßns\ ]d- pthm? F v am{xta At±-l-Øn\v Adn-tb- -Xp- m-bn-cp- p q. "AsX, At±lw Aßns\ ]d p' F -dn- -txmss A_q- _-Iv (d) ]d p: "At±lw Aßns\ ]d- n- p-s - n AXv kxyamsw v Rm km yw hln- p p.' "Hcp cm{xn sim v Ah iman t]mbn h psh v ]d- Xv Xm ƒ hniz-kn- p- pthm? At±lw adp-]sn ]d p: "AXns\ mƒ hnzq-c-amb hnj-b-ønepw Rm\-t±-lsØ hniz-kn pw. BIm-i-Øv-\n- p h Ø-am-\-Øn Rm\-t±-lsØ hniz-kn- p-h-cp p.' CXv apx mwv At±-l-sØ- n "kn±oizv' ( j~ üdg alm kxy-hm AYhm kxy-k- ) F v hnfn- -s - p-h- -sx v ]d-b-s -Sp p. ]n osv, ss_xp apiz±kv t\cn t]mbn I n- p- -h-cpss apºn sh v B ] n-sb- n ]expw tnmzn- p-sim v apivcn- p-iƒ \_n sb ]co- Ww \S- Øn-t\m n. \_n bpss hnh-cww XnI pw icn-bm-sw v Ah v t_m[yambn. "Cu hnh-c-w-sams icn-xs. F m, Rß-fpsS Hcp h Ø-I-kwLw iman-te v t]mbn- p v. Ah-cpsS h Ø-am-\-sa- mwv? CXm-bn-cp p ASpØ tnmzyw. B kwl-øn C{X Bfp-I-fp v. C{X H -I-ß-fp v; C Znhkw Ah Xncn-s Øpw Fs ms \_n {]Xn-h-Nn p. AXvt]mse Ah h p-tn-cp-ibpw snbvxp. ]t, CXv-sIm-s m pw Ah hniz-kn- p-hm Hcp- -ap- m-bn-cp- n. "apl-ω-zns knlv h mø knlv Xs ' F v ]d p XSn-X- n- -f-bp-ibmwv Ah snbvxxv.' _e-h-ømb At\Iw lzo-yp-isf ASn-ÿm-\-am n Ckvdm-Cepw ana-vdm-pnepw \S {][m\ kw`-h-ßƒ C -h-bm-sw v C_v\p-I-Yo (d)s taep- -cn {]kvxm-h-\-bn \n v a\- n-em-bt m. Ckvdm-Cs e yw Nq n- m- n-s m v. (At±-l-Øn\v \ΩpsS ZrjvSm- -ß-fn \n pw ImWn- p-sim-sp- phm th n) F v A mlp ]d- -Xns kmcw Gsd- psd AXn \n p a\- n- em- m-hp- -Xm-Ip p. ana-vdm-pn \S Nne kw`-h-ß-sf- n kqd-xp- -Pvanse hn-\-ß-fnepw CXv-t]mse AXns e ysø kqnn- n- p-sim v kqd-xp- -Pvan (Xo -bmbpw, At±lw Xs d ns AXn-a-l- Ømb ZrjvSm- -ß-fn \n pw I n- p v) F v ]d- p-imwmw. IqSmsX, lzo- Yp-I-fn {]kvxm-hn- -s - n- p taep- -cn- -Xn s] Nne Imcy-ßfpw A mlp AhnsS FSp-Øp-]-d- n-cn- p p. bp n-hm-z- m pw, Izp -B-\ntem, lzo-yntem ImW-s -Sp Akm-[m-cW kw`-h-ßsf Ign-hXpw km[m-c-w-h -cn- p- -Xn Xm ]-cy-sa-sp- p- -h pw CkvdmC-s bpw ana-vdm-pn-s bpw hnh-c-w-øn ]expw Zln- m-ø-h-bp- m-bncn pw. AXv kzm`m-hn-i-hp-amwv. \sω kw_- n- n-s-tømfw A m-lphpw dkqepw hy -amb `mj-bn {]kvxm-hn GXp-Im-cyhpw apj-hn-e v Xs kzoi-cn- phm \mw Xøm-dm-Ip p. Hcp cm{xn sim v a -bn \n v Hcmƒ ss_xp apiz- ±-kn t]mbn h Xv, Hcp a\p-jy BIm-i-tØ v Ibdn Xncn- p-h- Xv; ac-ws - p-t]mb {]hm-n-i am-cp-ambn kº w ]pe Ø-Ø- -hæw Ah v cq]w 2658

\ I-s - Xv F n-ß-s\-bp Imcy-ß-sfms \ΩpsS Adn-hnepw ]cn-n-b-ønep-ap {]IrXn \nb-a-ßƒ -XoXw Xs. ]t, _p n-]-c-ambn t\m p-tºmƒ Ah-sbm pw Akw-`-hy-ß-f. A m-lp-hns\ kw_- n- m-sw- n, Ah Dt±in- p-tºmƒ am w kzoi-cn- mø {]IrXn \nbaw Fs m- n- -Xm\pw. {]Ir-Xnsb v \mw GXn-s\- n ]d-bp- pthm AXv, A mlp km[m-c-w-ambn \S- m- n-hcp Nne \S-]Sn {Ia-ßƒ am{x-am-ip p. \ap v AXn am w hcp-øp-hm km[ya-s Xv icn. A m-lp-hn\v, Ah Dt±-in- p- -sx pw snøm-hp- -Xm-Ip p. (AÉ ûj Ée dg π Øjh) DW -bn \_n bpss ico-c-tømsv Iq-Sn-X-s -bm-bn-cp p B bm{x-sb pw, Dd- -Øn kz]v\-cq-]-øn-em-bn-cp p AsX pw c -`n-{]m-b-ßƒ ]WvUn- X am n-s-bn aptº \ne-hn-ep v. B[p-\nI ImeØv Cu c m-asø A`n-{]mb-Øn\v ]q hm-[niw kzoi-c-whpw, {]Nm-chpw ImWp-sa- nepw, kzlm-_n-iƒsxm v ASpØ Imewhsc-bp ap Km-an-Ifpw ]n Km-an-I-fp-a-S-ßp _lp-`q-cn-] w ]WvUn-X amcpw H m-asø A`n-{]m-b- m-cm-ip p. BCix, apb-hnb, lk (d) F n-h c m-asø A`n-{]m-b- m-cm-bn- mwv Adn-b-s -Sp- Xv. Ckvdm-Dv imcocn-ihpw ana-vdmpv Bflo-bhpw (AYhm kz]v\-ønepw) Bbn-cp- p-sh aq m-asxmcp A`n-{]m-bhpw \ne-hn-ep-s - nepw BZyw ]d c -`n-{]m-b-ßfpw XΩn Iq n-bn-w- p-hm-\p Hcp {ia-amtb AXv KWn-t - -Xp q. \_n DW n-cn- p-tºmƒ ico-c-tømspw Bflm-thmSpw IqSn-Ø-s -bm-bncp p B bm{x-sb v ÿm]n- p- -Xn\v Xmsg ImWpw-hn[w ]e sxfn-hp-ifpw C_v\p-P-co, C_v\p-I-Yo, dmko (d) t]mse-bp {]apj Izp -B hymjym-xmfpw, Camw AkvIz-em\o (d) t]mse-bp lzoyv ]WvUn-X amcpw Ah-c-hcpsS {KŸ-ß-fn Nq n- m- n-bn-cn- p p. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: (1) F "Xkv_o-lns hmiy-tøm-ss-bmwv A mlp Ckvdm-Cs\- p-dn v {]kvxm-hn- Xv. hºn Imcy-ß-sf- p-dn v ]d-bp-tºmƒ am{x-amwv Cßns\-bp Xkv_o-lns cq]-øn-ep hmn-i-ßƒ {]tbm-kn- pi ]Xnhv. AXv tihew Hcp kz]v\w am{x-am-bn-cp- p-sh- n, Cu {]tbm-k-øn\v ChnsS hntijn v ÿm\-sam- p-an. (2) AsXmcp kz]v\-am-bn-cp-s - n, Izpssd-in-Iƒ AXns\ \ntj-[n- p-hmt\m Ckvemw kzoi-cn Nne kwi-b-tømss tnmzyw snøp-hmt\m apxn-cp-am-bn-cp- n. A_q-_-Iv (d) B hm Ø ti DSs\ AXv icn-sh- -Xn Hcp {]txy-i- Xbpw D m-bn-cn- p-hm\pw Ah-Im-i-an. AXv \_n bpss kxy-k- -X v Hcp sxfn-hm-bn-cn- p-i-bp-an. kz]v\-øn CXv-t]m-se-bp ]expw kw`-hn- m-sa- p- -Xn hnti-j-_p- n-bp- -h-cmcpw X n- p-i-bn- t m. (3) (Xs ASn-bms\ Ah cmhp-bm{x snøn p) F mwv A mlp ]d- Xv. Bflm-hns\ am{xw Dt±-in p ASn-bm (~rñny) F v ]d-b-s -Sm-dn. (4) "_pdmizv' F Hcp ark-øns ]pd-øm-bn-cp p B bm{x-sb v lzo-yp-ifn hy -am- -s - n-cn- p p. ico-c-øn- - msx Bflm-hn\v Hcp ark-øn ta 2659

khmcn sntø- p Bh-iy-an. (5) cmhn-sebpw, sship-t -chpw Hmtcm amksø hgn-zqcw kpsse-am \_n- (A)sbbpw sim v Im v Nen- n-cp- p-sh pw 34:12epw, IÆ-S p angn- Xpd p-tºmtg pw ba-\nse cm n-bpss knwlm-k\w AhnsS \nv v iman kpsse-am (A)s apºn sim p-h-c-s - -Xmbn 27:40epw A mlp {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p p. At mƒ B cm{xn-bn Hcp amksø Zqcw \_n k -cn- -Xn Akmw-K-Xysam- p-an. (6) Izp -B-\nepw lzo-yp-i-fnepw h hm p-iƒ ]cn-tim-[n- m t\ p-t\sc a\- n-em- m Ign-bp- Xv B bm{x imco-cn-ihpw DW -bnepw Bbn-cp- p-sh- m-ip p. F n-cns, AXns\ Bflo-b-sat m, kz]v\- mgvn Ft m hymjym- \n- p- Xv \ymb-a. (7) kzlm-_n-i-fn s] Npcp w t] AXv Bflo-b-am-bn-cp- p-sht m, kz]v\- Øn-em-bn-cp- p-sht m {]kvxm-hn- n-cp- m Xs bpw Ah-sc- mƒ F{Xtbm A[nIw kzlm-_n-iƒ AXn\v FXn-cm-bns Nne-cpsS am{xw {]kvxm-h\ sxfnhmbn FSp-Øp-Iq-Sm-Ø-XmWv. am{x-a, FXn-c-`n-{]m-b- m-cmbn Adn-b-s -Sp kzlm- _n-iƒ a p- -h-sc-t mse \_n bpambn A[n-I-Imew kl-h-kn- p-hm km[n- n- n- m-ø-h-cp-am-ip- p-sh- p- Xv {it -b-amwv. Bflo-b-am-bn-cp p, AYhm kz]v\-am-bn-cp p F -Xn\v ]d-b-s -Sm-dp {][m\ sxfn-hp-iƒ Ch-bm-Ip p: (1) A v dkq Xncp-ta-\n bpss icocw ImW-s -Sm-Xm-bn- n F v BCim (d)bpss Hcp {]kvxm-h\. (2) AXv kz]v\-øn A mlp ImWn- p-sim-spø ImgvN-bm-bn-cp- p-sh apbhnbx(d)bpss {]kvxm-h\. hmkvx-h-øn Cu c v sxfn-hp-ifpw hna i\ hnt[- b-ß-fm-ip p. ImcWw, \_n bpss B bm{x D m-b-im-eøv BCix(d) \_nbpss ]Xv\n-bm-bn- n-s - v-am-{x-a, hfsc sndp- -hp-am-bn-cp p. apb-hnbx (d) BIs, B kw`-h-im-eøv apivcn- p-i-fpss Iq -Øn-em-bn-cp p. ]n osv GXm\pw sim -ßƒ v tij-am-w-t±lw apkven-am-bxpw. B ÿnxn v B c p-t] pw hnj-b-øns bym Y ÿnxn-sb- n icn v Adn-bp-hm-\n-S-bn. ]n o-sxv GXm\pw Nne bp n-\ym-b-ßƒ am{x-amwv. Ahsb AtX \ne-hm-c-øn-ep bp n-\ym-bßƒ sim vxs hna in- mhp- -Xp-am-Ip p. º YG q dgh temim-h-km\w hsc-bp a\p-jy-k-ap-zm-b-øns dkq-emwv \_nxncp-ta\n. F m-e-tø pw _m[-ihpw ]Iz-hp-amb Hcp thz-{k-ÿhpw \nb-a-kw-ln-x-bp-amwv Xncp-ta-\n v P\-as[y ka n- p-hm-\p- Xpw. \_n msw- n, h ]mtim-e-bn \nt m, A\y-cpsS in -W-Øn sht m at m H pw ]Tn- -dn-bp-hm kµ `w In n-bn- p-an. thz-{k-ÿ-ßtfm, Ncn-{X-Ir-Xn-Itfm hmbn- -dn- n- p-an. FgpØpw hmb-\-bpw-t]mepw Adn- p-iqsm. a\p-jy-k-ap-zm-b-am-is, _p n-]-chpw, Nn m-]-chpw, imkv{x-]-c-hp-sa mw Xs hf p hf p-sim- p-an-cn- p p. a\pjy\v {ItaW kn n- p-sim- n-cn- p hn m-\afie-ßfpssbpw ]tcm-k-a\ 2660

kml-n-cy-ß-fp-ssbpw ^e-ambn `mhn-x-e-ap-d-iƒ ]pxnb ]pxnb Adn-hp-Ifpw A\p- `-h-ßfpw t\sn-s m- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. Izp -B Ah-X-cn- p ImeØv Hm phm t]mepw Ign-bmØ ]e Imcy-ßfpw, A v Akw-`-hy-am-sW v ]cs Icp- X-s - n-cp ]e Imcy-ßfpw C v a\p-jy-po-hn-x-ønse \nxy-kw-`-h-ß-fmbn amdn- -gn- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: hmbp-hn a\p-jy btyjvsw k -cn- p- -Xn-s\- n ap Im-eØv hn`m-h\w snbvhm t]mepw Ign- n-cp- n. C v hmbp-hnse bm{xsb A hmbp-a-wvu-e-øn-\- pdw IS p tkmfm- cbm{x- IƒIqSn a\p-jy \S-Øn-s m- n-cn- p p. \mfsø IY Fs m-s -bm-bn-cn- p-sa v A m-lp-hnt\ Adn- p-iqsq! At mƒ, a\p-jy-km-[m-c-w-amb {]Ir-XnbpsS ]cn-an-xn-isf Ih- p-sh- p-amdv Bflob khn-ti-j-x-i-fm A\p-Kr-lo-Xcmb {]hm-n-i am v hnti-jn pw {]hm-ni {]`p-hmb \_nxncp-ta-\n v Cu `uxni awvu-e-ßƒ - pdw ÿnxn snøp Nne bmym Yy-ßƒ k -i- \pw, k - -\p-amb A mlp shfn-hm- n-s m-sp- p-ibpw, {]hm-n-i am-c- mø a\pjy v kn n- m-h-x- mø Nne kn n-iƒ simsp- p-ibpw snøp- -Xn bp nhn-cp- -ambn F m-wp- Xv? CXv _mly-tem-i-øn-\- pdw \ΩpsS Dul-Øn\pw hn`m-h-\-øn\pw AXo-Xamb IW- bmym Yy-ßƒ \S-am-Sp as mcp Bflob temi-ap-s v hniz-kn- p- -h v Ckvdm-Ctem, ana-vdm-pntem Akw-K-X-ambn H p-an. A mlp \_n tbmsv ]d-bp p: (\n\ v A mlp thz-{k-ÿhpw hn m-\hpw Cd- n-ø-cnibpw \n\- -dn-bm-xn-cp- Xv ]Tn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p. \ns - ta A m-lp-hns A\p-{Klw hºn- -Xm-Ip p. (kqdx \nkm-d.v 113) 2 aqkm v \mw (thz){kÿw \ In-bn-cn- p p; AXns\ \mw Ckvdm-Cu k -Xn-Iƒ v am K- Z i-\-am- p-ibpw snbvxp; Fs - q-smsx (Imcy-ßƒ) `c-ta ]n- s -Sp Hcm-sfbpw \nßƒ D m- n-sh- -cp-sx v (I ]n- psim v); 3 \qlns IqsS \mw (I en ) Ib- n-b-h-cpss k -Xn-Itf! [\nß-tfm-smwv Cßns\ I ]n- Xv.] \n -b-ambpw At±lw hfsc \µn-bp Hcp ASn-bm-\mbn-cp p. 2 \mw \ In aqkm v {KŸw AXns\ \mw B p-ibpw snbvxp am K-Z i\w CkvdmCu k -Xn-Iƒ v \nßƒ B -cpxv (kzoi-cn- -cpxv G s -Sp-Ø-cpXv) F v Fs - 2661

q-smsx, F\n- v-]p-dsa Hcp `c-ta ]n- -s -Sp- -hs\, ssiim-cy- m-cs\. 3 k -Xn-Itf \mw hln (Ib- nb) hcpss \qlns H w \n -b-ambpw At±lw Bbn-cp p Hcp ASn-bm, ASna hfsc \µn-bp. "CkvdmDv' F cmhp-bm-{x aptj\ \_n sb A\p-{K-ln- m-z-cn kw`-hsø-xp-s p aqkm\_n (A) v XudmØv \ In A\p-{K-ln hnhcw DW Øp- I-bmWv. \_n Xncp-ta-\n -sb- n {]kvxm-hn- -tijw aqkm\_n(a)-sb- p-dn p {]kvxm-hn- pi Izp -B-\n ]e-t mgpw ]Xn-hp- -Xm-Ip p. Hcp hºn kap-zmbsø Hcp thz-{k-ÿ-øn-s bpw \nb-a-kw-ln-x-bp-ssbpw Iogn GIo-I-cn p kap- -cn- p-i-sb Kuc-h-ta-dnb Npa-Xem\n h-l-w-øn, \_n v apºv Hcp Ncn{Xw krjvsn {]hm-n-i-h-cy-\m-wt m At±lw. {]kvxpx IrXy-\n h-l-w- Øn aqkm \_n-(a)bpss Ncn-{X-Øn \n v \_n v ]expw ]Tn- p-hm-\p- -Xm-bn-cn- Ww AXn\v ImcWw. CkvdmCu-ey v am K-Z i\w \ Ip-hm\pw, A mlp A mø Bscbpw ssiim-cy- m-cm- -cp-sx v I ]n- p-sim- p-amwv aqkm (A) v thz-{kÿw \ Inb-sX v A mlp BZyw ]d p. XpS p-sim v B am K-Z i\w kzoi-cn- phm _m[y-ÿ-amb Hcp ]mc-º-cy-øns ]n Xp-S - m-cmwv \nßƒ AYhm \qlv \_n(a)-bpss t\xr-xz-øn I -en Ibdn Pe-{]-f-b-Øn \n v c s kxy-hn-izm-kn-i-fpss k m-\-]-c-º-c-bm-wt m \nßƒ F v Ckvdm-Cueysc A\p-kva-cn- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p. \qlv \_n(a)-bm-sw- n, A mlp-hn-t\msv hfsc Iqdpw \µnbpw A\p-k-c-W-hp-ap Bfm-bn-cp p. B amxri \nßfpw ]n ]-t - -Xm-Wt m F pw Hm an- n- n-cn- p p. B amxr-i pw ]mc- º-cy-Øn\pw FXn-cmbn CkvdmCu-ey-cn D mb Nne snbvxn-i-fmwv ASpØ hn-\-ß-fn Nq n- m- p- Xv: 4 CkvdmCu k -Xn-Iƒ v (B) thz-{k-ÿ-øn \mw Xocpam\n ( dnbn) pibpw snbvxp; Xo -bmbpw, \nßƒ `qan-bn c p-{]m-hiyw Ipg- -ap- m pw; Xo -bmbpw, \nßƒ henb Hu Xyw (s]mß w) ImWn- p- Ibpw snøpw. 5 Aßs\, B c n BZytØ-Xns hmkvzøw (in m-h[n) h m, \ΩpsS ISpØ iucy-imen-i-fmb Nne ASn-bm amsc \mw \nß-fp-ss-ta \ntbm-kn- p- - XmWv; F n- -h (\nß-fpss hmkÿ-e-ßƒ n-s-bn-eqss txsn-øn- 2662

cn p \S- p- -XmWv. AXv {]tbm-k-øn hcp-ø-s - Sp Hcp hmkvzøw (Xs ) Bbncp- p-xm\pw. 6 ]n osv, Ah s -Xn-cn \nßƒ v \mw Du v (hnpbw) Xncn- p-x p; kzøp- fpw a fpw sim v \nßƒ v \mw klmbw \ Ip-Ibpw snbvxp; \nßsf \mw hfsc IqSp-X kwl (_e)ap h-cm- p-ibpw snbvxp. 4 \mw Xocp-am\w \SØn (Xocp-am\w Adn-bn p) Ckvdm- Cu k -Xn-I-fn-te v (thz) {KŸ-Øn Xo -bmbpw \nßƒ Ipg- -ap- m pw, \mi-ap- m- p-i-xs snøpw c p {]mhiyw `qan-bn \nßƒ Hu Xyw ImWn (s]mß w Im pi)bpw Xs snøpw. Hu Xyw (s]mß w) hep-xmb 5 Aßs\ h m hmkvzøw, Xm oxv B c n BZy-tØ-Xns \mw Ab pw, Fgp-t ]n pw (\ntbm-kn pw) \nß-fp-ss-ta, \nßƒs -Xnsc Nne ASn-bm amsc \ΩpsS D -h-cmb, DS-b-h-cmb iucyw (]cm-{i-ai n) ITn-\-amb, ISpØ F n- -h txsn-øn-c p \S pw, \mi-hnlmcw snøpw, ]cxpw CS-bn-eqsS hosv (hkxn hmk-ÿew) IfpsS AXm-bn-cn- p p, (BIp p) Xm\pw Hcp hmkvzøw snø-s - Sp ({]tbm-k-øn hcp-ø-s -Sp ) 6 ]ns \mw as n (Xncn p) Xcp- -XmWv \nßƒ v FSp-Øp-Nm w (i n hnpbw) Ah-cp-sSta (FXnsc) \nßƒ v \mw klmbw (t]mjww) \ Ip-Ibpw snøpw kzøp- ƒ ([\w) sim pw a fpw (sim pw) \nßsf \mw B p-ibpw snøpw. hfsc A[n-I-ap- -h kwlw (Iq w) 7 \nßƒ \ a {]h Øn- p- -] w, \nß-fpss kz -ßƒ v (Xs ) \nßƒ \ a {]h Øn- p- I-bmWv (snøp- Xv). \nßƒ Xn a {]h Øn- p-i-bm-sw- n-em- Is, AXn- m-bn-cn pw (AXpw). 2663

F m, Ah-km-\-tØ-Xns hmkvzøw (in m hn[n) h m, \nß-fpss apj-ßsf Ah (i{xp- ƒ) hj-fm- p-hm\pw, BZy-{]mhiyw Ah ] n-bn {]th-in- - Xvt]mse, (ho pw) AXn {]thin p-hm\pw, Ah Hu Xyw t\sn-bxv (Pbn- -S- n-bxv) Ah Hcp (ISpØ) \in- n- \in- n p XI p-hm\pw (Ahsc \mw \ntbm-kn pw). 8 \nß-fpss d v \nßƒ v IcpW snøp-am-dm-tb mw. \nßƒ (ho pw) Bh Øn- psh- n, \mapw Bh Øn- p- - XmWv. Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ v "Pl- an' s\ (\c-isø) \mw XS-ß ÿm\-am- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p. 7 \nßƒ \ snøp- -] w \nßƒ \ a snbvxp (snøp p) \nßƒ vxs, \nß-fpss kz -ßƒ v \nßƒ Xn a snbvxp-sh- n-em-is F m-e-xn\v (Xs ), AXn- m-bn-cn pw F\n (F m ) h m hmkvzøw Ah-km-\-tØ-Xns Ah Xn a (tamiw hj-fxzw) snbvhm th n \nß-fpss apj-ßsf Ah {]th-in- p-hm\pw ] n-bn Ah-c-Xn {]thin- Xvt]mse H mw (BZy) {]mhiyw Ah \in- n- p-hm\pw, XI p-hm\pw, Ah Hu Xyw (ta a hnpbw Du v) t\sn-b-xns\ Hcp (ISpØ) \in- n-. 8 Btb mw \nß-fpss d v \nß-tfmsv (\nßƒ v) IcpW snøp-amdv ntem, Bh Øn- m-em-is \nßƒ as-ßn-sb- \mw (\mapw) as-ßp- -XmWv, Bh Øn- p-ibmbn \mw B p- -Xp-amWv, B p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p Pl- ans\ Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ v XS-ß ÿm\w, Hcp XS-ß, ]mb ap Iq n thz-{kÿw aptj\ A mlp Xm oxv \ In-bn pw AXns\ hne-sh- msx Ckvdm-Cu-ey ssis m Nne Agn-a-Xn-I-sfbpw, AXns A\- -c- 2664

^ew Ah A\p-`-hn-t n h -Xn-s\bpw kw_- n- mwv Cu hn-\-ß-fn {]kvxm-hn- p- Xv. ax-i ]-\-Isf ewln- epw, A{Iaw {]h Øn- epw CkvdmCu-ey-cn \nxy-kw-`-h-ß-fm-bn-cp p. Ah-bn G hpw AXn-cp-I-hn c vah-k-c-ßsf (AYhm Ipg- -ßsf) n A mlp Ahsc {]txyiw Xm oxv snbvxn-cp p. H m-asø Ipg- -Øns L -Øn-em-bn-cp p ia-vbm-dv. ( - AÉn«r n T) \_n sim -s - -sx pw, Ah v t\cn-sp-hm t]mip `hn-jy-øp-i-sf- n ap dn-bn v \ In-s m- n-cp A an-bm-dv (A) _ -\-ÿ-\m- -s - -sx pw ]d-bs -Sp p. AXvt]mse, c m-asø Ipg- -Øns Ime-ØmWv ki-cnøm (A) blvbm (A) F o \_n-am sim -s - -sx pw ]d-b-s - p-im-wp p. c n Hmtcm- n-s bpw L w h -t mƒ, Ah ]n am-dm-ø-] w Ah - \p-`-hn-t - n-h-cp A\p-`-h-ß-sfbpw Zpcn-X-ß-sfbpw Ipdn v {]hm-n-i am aptj\ t\csø Xs Ah v A mlp ap -dn-bn v \ In-bn-cp p. H mw {]mhiy-sø- p-dn- p Xm o-xmwv 5 mw hn-\-øn ImWp- Xv. A mlp Ahs ASn-bm am-cn Nnesc Ah-cn \ntbm-kn pw. Ah I\Ø ]cm-{i-a-im-en-ifpw Du am-cp-am-bn-cn pw. Ah \m n-eq-ssbpw ]m n-s-ß-fn-eq-ssbpw ]cxn \S pw Fs m-s -bm-bn-cp p Xm o-xns Npcp w. AYhm, I Xpw In n-b-xp-sa mw \in- n pw. txsn-øn-cn p I p-in- n-b-h-sc-sb mw sim p-itbm _- -\-ÿ-cm- p-itbm ASn-a-I-fm- p-itbm snøpw. sim bpw Ih bpw \SØpw. Aßs\ Ah-scbpw Ah-cpsS k h-kzhpw \in- n pw F v kmcw. AXv A Sn Xs kw`-hn- p-ibpw snbvxp. "Cu ASn-bm am ' Bcm-bn-cp- p-sh- p- -Xn Izp - B hymjym-xm- ƒ n-s-bn c v aq -`n-{]m-b-ßƒ ImW-s -Sp p. (1) PmeqØv (äƒodénl) cmpmhpw ssk\y-hp-am-sw pw, (2) k lm-co_v (ÖjpQÉnëræn S) cmpmhpw Iq -cp-am-bn-cp- p-sh pw (3) _pjv-xp-\-kzdpw (ô ünæoàrîoh) ssk\y-hp-am-bn-cp- p-sh- pamwv B A`n-{]m-b-ßƒ. Ch-bn aq m-asø A`n-{]m-b-Øn-\mWv IqSp-X \ymbw ImWp- Xv º YG q dg Pmeq-Øn-s\- n kqd-øp _-Iz-dxbn hnh-cn p Ign- n- p v. Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cpsS t\sc ]S-sb-Sp- p-ibpw, hºn \mi-\-jvs-ßƒ hcp-øn-sh- p-ibpw \n ±bw sims m-sp- p-ibpw snbvx Hcp _m_n-tem-wy cmpm-hm-bn-cp p k lm-co_v. (*) _pjvxp\kzdpw Hcp _m_n-tem-wy cmpm-hm-bn-cp p. Cbmƒ ss_øp apiz±-knse ] nbpw, Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cpsS ax-kw-kvimc Nn -ßfpw, kzøp- -fpsa mw XI p-ibpw Ahsc Iq -tømss _ -\-ÿ-cm n _m_n-tem-wn-te v sim p-t]m-hp-ibpw snbvxp. (**) _m_n-tem-wy-cpss B{I-a-ß-fn Xudm-Øns (*) {In. ap.701 k tl-co_v kncnbm cmpysø B{I-an p. \m ]-Ømdv tim -Iƒ ]nsn p. c p-e w P\-ßsf ASn-a-I-fm n \m n-te v sim pt]mbn... ]n osv sbcp-itew ] -WsØ hf p. (th.]p. \nl p. t]. 28) (**) s\_q-jzv t\k (_pjvxp- kz ) {In.ap. 604 apx 561 hsc cmpyw `cn p... sbcp-i-te-ans\ ho pw h v \ntcm-[n p. AXnse P\-ßsf Bk- Iew _ -\-ÿ-cm n _m_n-tem-wym-bn-te v sim p-t]mbn. ise-tam 2665

]I p-i-sf mw km m Xudm-Øp-t]mepw A n- n-c-bm- -s -Sp-I-bp- mbn. (]n osv Iptd Ime-Øn\v tijw kz w Hm abn \n pw a p-am-bn- mwv Dssk (A) s ImeØv AXv ]p\ te-j\w snø-s - Xv F v ]d-b-s -Sp p. H m-asø {]mhiyw Ckvdm-Cu-ey A\p-`-hn-t n h in -sim- p-t±iyw Cu aq n GXm-bn-cp- mepw icn, ]n osv AXn-\v-tijw {ItaW Ah-cpsS ÿnxn- KXn amdn. Ah \ m-bn-øo-cp-ibpw A\y-cpsS ASn-a-Ø-Øn \n v tamn\w t\sp-ibpw snbvxp. cmpyhpw cmjv{shpw ]p\ \n amww snøp-hm\pw, kwkvimchpw {]Xm-]hpw \nd `c-w-ßƒ ÿm]n- p-hm\pw Ah v Ign p. P\-kw- Jy-bnepw kº k-ar- n-bnepw Ah ani p \n p-ibpw snbvxp. ]e cmpm- amcpw {]hm-n-i amcpw Ahsc \bn- p-hm-\p-ap- m-bn-cp p. CXn-s\- - n-bmwv 6 mw hn-\-øn {]kvxm-hn- p- Xv. Ah-cpsS kz w \ne-]msv \ m-bn-øo t m-gmwv Ah-cpsS ZpxÿnXn amdn \ a ssih- -sx pw a\p-jy snøp \ a- Xn a-i-fpss ^ew Cl-Ønepw ]c-ønepw Ah A\p-`-hn-t n hcp-sa pw AtXm-sSm w 7 mw hn-\-øns BZy-hm-Iy-ß-fn Nq n- m- n-bn-cn- p p. Ime-{I-a-Øn Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cpsS \ne ho pw ]g-b-]-sn-bm-bn-øo p. ax-aqey-ßƒ v hne-i ]n- m-xmbn. in nepw txm n-b-hm-k-ß-fnepw apgpin. Cu L -sø- - n-bp ap -dn-bn- mwv 7 mw hn-\-øn ]n osv ]d-bp- Xv F s{x Izp -B hymjym-xm- -fpss s]mxp-sh-bp A`n-{]mbw. apºv \nß-fpss i{xp- ƒ \nß-fn hcp-øn-øo Ø AtX-am-Xncn \mi-\-jvs-ßfpw A{I-a-a ±-\-ßfpw ho pw Agn- p-hn-sp-amdv \nß-fn A mlp i{xp- sf \ntbm-kn- p-sa v kmcw. c mw {]mhiyw Ckvdm-Cu-ey A\p-`-hn-t n h bmx-\-iƒ BcpsS ssisim- mwv A\p-`-h-s - -sx v \n W-bn p ]d-b-ø sxfn-hp-i-fn. Nne tdma ssik am-cpss ImeØv Ckvdm-Cu-ey IW- A{I-a-ßƒ v hnt[-b-cm-ti n h n- p v. PqZ {InkvXob Ncn-{X-ß-fn Ch-bpsS \o ] ni Xs ImWmw. Ch-bn s] GsX- n-ep-am-bn-cn mw Dt±iyw. A mlphn\-dnbmw. GXm-bmepw Camw dmko (d) apx-em-b-h Nq n- m- n-b-xp-t]mse GXp-Im-eØv BcpsS ssi m- WXv kw`-hn- -sx v \n W-bn- -dn-bm-bvi-sim v Cu hn-\-ßƒ \ Ip ]mtßƒ a\- n-em- p- -Xn\v XS- -sam- p-an- t m. Ah-km\w Nne Imcy-ßƒ A mlp Ahsc Hm an- n- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p: (1) (\nß-fpss d v \nßƒ v IcpW snbvtx mw) \nß-fpss A{I-a-ßƒ \nanøw c p {]mhiyw A m-lp-hns tim]-øn\v ]m{xam-ti n h mepw Ahs Imcp-Wy-sØ- p-dn v \nßƒ \ncm-i-s -ts- -Xn. \nßfpss ÿnxn-k-xn-iƒ \nßƒ \ m- n-øo Øm Ahs ImcpWyw \nßƒ v e`n- pi Xs snøpw F v kmcw. Cu hmkvzm\w A mlp Ah-cn ]men- pi Xs snbvxn- p-s pw F m \ne pw B kap-zmbw A`n-hr- n-s -Sp-I-bp- mbn- p-s pw Ah-cpsS Ncn{Xw ]cn-tim-[n- m Adn-bm-hp- -XmWv. (kpsse-am \_n) ]WnX tzhm-e-bsø (ss_xp apiz±kv ] nsb) {In.ap. 586 Ch \nt»jw \in- n p. (th.]p.\n.t]pv 209,390) 2666

(2) (\nßƒ Bh Øn- m \mapw Bh Øn pw). AXm-bXv ]ns bpw \nß-fpss \ne apºp- m-b-xp-t]mse hj-fm-bn-øo-cp- -] w \nß-fpss-ta A mlp \S-]Sn FSp- p-hm asn- p-i-bn-s v Xm ]cyw. Cu ap -dnbn pw Ah-cn km m Ir-X-am-Ip-I-bp- mbn. Xudm-Øn-s bpw {]hm-n-i amcp-ssbpw A[ym-]-\-ß-fn \n v AI- -I v sim n-cp Ah, \_n Xncp-ta\n \ntbm-kn- -s - -t mƒ Xncp-ta-\n-bp-sSbpw Ckvem-an-s bpw ITn-\-i-{Xp- -fmbn-øo p. \_n pw Ckvem-an-\p-sa-Xn-cn Ah kzoi-cn \ne-]msv Ip{]- kn- -amwv. AXn ^-e-ambn apkvenw-i-fpss ssi v ]e Ah-i-X-Ifpw Ah A\p- `-hn-t - n-h-cp-ibpw HSp w Atd-_y-bn \n v Iq -tømss Ah \msp-i-s-øs -Sp-Ibpw snbvxp. Ckvem-anI `c-w-øns BZy-Im-e-ß-fn apkvenw-iƒ v A[o-\-s - p-sim v Iptd-sbms im -ambn Ign- p-iq-sn-b-tijw Zpxkzm Y-ßƒaqew Ckvem-an-s\- Xn-sc-bp KqV-{]-h Ø-\-ß-fn Ah G s - p-sim-t -bn-cp p. ASp-Ø-Imew hsc Ah-tl-fn- -s Hc-[a kaq-l-am-bn-s m- - msx temiøv Pohn- p-hm Ah v Ign- n- n. \mep Zi-I-ßƒ - pdw P a-\n-bnse k hm-[n-]-xn-bm-bncp lnd-dve-dpss ssi v Ah A\p-`-hn-t n h Iq -s m-e-i-f-pssbpw IjvS- X-I-fp-sSbpw IY {]kn- -am-ip p. Ct mƒ, ln ve-dpss FXn-cm-fn-I-fm-bn-cp h tim-bva-i-fpss CS-s]-S \nanøw Ah-cpsS hi-bmbn ^e-kvxo-\n Hcp Ckvdm-Cu cmjv{sw ÿm]n- -s - -txmss apkvenw-iƒs -Xn-cn Ah-cpsS [n mchpw sshchpw ]q hm-[niw i n-s - p-sim- n-cn- p hkvxpx C m-scbpw ]d- -dn-bn-t - -Xn- t m. CXns ^ew C -s - n \msf, Hcp Iq -cpss ssi s - n as mcp ssi v Ah A\p-`-hn- m-xn-cn- p-i-bn-s - p- -Xn kwi-ban. "\nßƒ Bh Øn- m \mapw Bh Øn- psa' v A mlp ]d hm v ]pe-cm-xn-cn- p-i-bn. (3) (Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ v \mw Pl- -ans\ XS-ß ÿm\-am- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p). ta I- -sx mw Cu temiøv sh p-x-s bp \S-]-Sn-I-fmWv. CXp-sIm v Ah-cpsS taep \S-]Sn Ah-km-\n- p- n. Ckvdm-Cu-ey-cmb Ahn-izm-kn-I-f-S w F m Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ pw ]c-tem-iøv \c-i-am-bn-cn pw B[m-c-sa v kmcw. Ckvdm-Cu-eysc A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn pw, Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-sa \ne- p-amwv Cu hn-\-ßƒ \ne-sim- p- -sx- nepw, kxy-hn-izmkn-iƒ v Ah-cpsS Ncn-{X-Øn \n v ]mt-ßƒ ]Tn- p-hm-\p-s v Xo. AXn- \p-th- n-bmwv A mlp Izp -B-\n CXv {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p- Xpw. Ckvdm-Cu kap-zm-b-sø-t mse apkvenw kap-zmbw [n m-c-øn apgp-in-bm Ahcpw CXpt]mse Cl-Ønepw ]c-ønepw A m-lp-hns in m-\-s-]-sn-iƒ v ]m{x-am-ti- n-h-cp-sa- p- -Xn\v ]pdsa as mcp ]mtw-iqsn \mw CXn \n p a\- n-em-t - n-bn-cn- p p. AXm-bXv, Ckvdm-Cu-ey v t\cn IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ Ah-sc- mƒ kxy-hn-izm-k-ønepw k am K-Ønepw ani- p-\n- n-cp as mcp kap-zm-b-øns ssi m-bn-cp- n. hnizm-km-nm-c-ß-fn Ah-sc- mƒ Zpjn Nne kap-zm-b- mcpss ssi m-bn-cp p AXv. AXp-t]mse apkvenw kap-zmbw Zpjn- p-tºmgpw Ahsc- mƒ Zpjn as mcp Iq -cpss ssi mhmw Ah ]co- n- -s -Sp- Xpw. Ncn{Xw 2667

]cn-tim-[n- m Cu bmym Yy-Øns DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ]expw apkvenw kap-zm-b- Øn CXx]-cy w Ign- p-t]m-bn- p- vxm\pw. A mlp kap-zm-b-øn\v k am Khpw Xt -Shpw {]Zm\w snøs. Bao. 9 \n -b-ambpw Cu Izp -B G hpw snm mb (AYhm _e-h- Ømb) Xnte v am K-Z i\w \ Ip p. k I a-ßƒ {]h Øn- p kxy-hn-izm-kn- Iƒ v hep-xmb {]Xn-^ew Ds v AX-hsc kt m-jhm Ø Adn-bn- p-ibpw snøp p. 10 ]c-tem-i-øn hniz-kn- m-ø-h-cm-is, Ah v \mw thz-\-tb-dnb in Hcp- n-sh- ncn- p- p-sh pw. hn`mkw 2 11 a\p-jy KpW-Øn\p {]m Yn- p {]Imcw, tzmj- Øn\pw {]m Yn- p p. a\p-jy [rxn-iq- p- -h-\m-ip- p-xm\pw. 9 \n -b-ambpw CXv (Cu) Izp -B am K-Z i\w \ Ip p, hgn-im pw bmsxm- n-te v AXv G w snm m-b-xmwv, IqSp-X _e-h-ømwv AXp kt m-j-a-dn-bn- p-ibpw snøp p kxy-hn-izm-kn-isf {]h Øn- p- -h-cmb k I a-ßsf Ah p-s v {]Xn-^ew, Iqen henb 10 hniz-kn- m-ø-h ]c-tem-i-øn \mw Hcp- n-sh- n-cn- p p (F pw) Ah v in thz-\-tb-dnb 11 {]m Yn- p p a\p-jy tzmj-øn\v, Xn a-sb- p-dn v Ahs {]m Y\ KpW-Øn\v, \ a-sb- n [rxn Iq p- -h. a\p-jy BIp p (Bbn-cn- p p)xm\pw a\p-jy-k-l-p-amb Hcp kz`m-h-tzm-j-amwv A mlp Nq n- m- p- Xv. A\n-jvS- I-c-amb h Imcyhpw h p `hn- p-tºm-tg pw Ah A -a\pw hnim-c-`-cn-x-\p- 2668

am-bn-øo-cp p. X\nt m, Xs a ƒ, kzøp- ƒ apx-em-b-ht m tzmj-i-c-amb {]m Y-\-Ifpw im]-hm- p-ifpw Ah-\n \n p- m-ip p. "Rm acn-s - n! Ch \in- m \ m-bn-cp p! Xpe p \in- s!' F n-xymzn ]expw Ahs \ a- p-th n [rxn-s -Sp AtX cq]-øn Xn a pw Ah [rxn-iq- n-s m- ncn pw. `hn-jy-øn-s\- n Nn n- p-hmt\m, Zo L-Zr-jvSn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Imcy-ßsf hnebn-cp-øp-hmt\m `mhn-sb- p-dn- p kp{]-xo- -tbmsp IqSn-bn-cn- p-hmt\m Ah\p Ign-bmsX t]mip p. ]t, Ahs IY-tISpw A -a-bp-sa mw Adn-bp- -h\pw, ]c-a-im-cp-wn-i-\p-am-wt m A mlp. AXp-sIm v AØcw {]m Y-\-Isf A Sn kzoi-cn- msx A mlp Ah-t\mSv hn p-hogvn ImWn- p-i-bmwv snøp- Xv F v Xm ]cyw. A mlp ]d-bp p: (kmcw: a\p-jy KpW-Øn\v [rxn-im-wn- p {]Imcw A mlp Ah v tzmjsø [rxn-iq- n-s m-sp- p-am-bn-cp-s - n Ah v Ah-cpsS Ah[n Xocpam-\-am- -s -SpI Xs snøp-am-bn-cp p. (10:11) Hcp lzo-yn \_n ]d-bp p: "\nß-fpss kz -ßƒt m, \nß-fpss kzøp- ƒt m FXn-cmbn {]m Yn- -cpxv. A mlp {]m Y-\-Iƒ p-øcw snøp h ka-b-hp-ambn AXv HØp-Iq-Sn-sb- phcmw.' (ap) AYhm AXn\v CS-h-cp- Xv kq n- -W-sa- Yw. 12 cm{xn-sbbpw ]I-en-s\bpw \mw c v ZrjvSm- -ß-fm- n-bn-cn- p p. F m, cm{xn-bm-ip ZrjvSm- sø \mw ambn p (Ccp- nb-xm n) sh p; \nß-fpss d n- \n p A\p-{Klw \nßƒ txsn-sb-sp- m th n ]I-em- Ip ZrjvSm- sø \mw ImW- Ø (shfn- -ap )Xm p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p; \nßƒ sim -ßfpsS FÆhpw, IW pw Adn-bphm th nbpw. F m Imcyhpw Xs, \maxv hnkvx-cn v hni-zo-i-cn- n-cn- p p. (Bh-iy-am-b-sXm pw \mw hnh-cn- m-xn-cp- n- n.) 12 \mw B n-bn-cn- p p. cm{xnsb ]I-en-s\bpw c p ZrjvSm- -ßƒ cm{xn-bpss (cm{xn-bm-ip ) ZrjvSm- sø ]I-ens (]I-em-Ip ) ZrjvSm- sø F m (F n v Aßs\) \mw ambn p \mw B p-ibpw snbvxp ImW-Ø- Xv (ImWm-hp- Xv) \nßƒ txsp (txsn-sb-sp p At\z-jn p)hm th n A\p- 2669

{K-lsØ, Zb-hns\ \nß-fpss d n- \n p \nßƒ Adn-bp-hm th nbpw FÆw sim -ß-fpsS IW pw F m Imcyhpw (hkvxphpw) Hcp (\ )hni-zo-i-cww. \ma-xns\ hni-zo-i-cn- n-cn- p p im X, kzÿx, hn{iaw F n-h v DX-Ip-amdv cm{xnsb Ccp- p-a-b-am- n-bxv, D]-Po-h\ am K-ßfpw D±n-jvS-Im-cy-ßfpw At\z-jn p t\sn-sb-sp- p-hm km[n- p-amdv ]I-ens\ shfn- -am- n-bxv, cmhpw ]Iepw amdn amdn-s m p hcp- Xv F n-h-bn-sems A m-lp-hns aln-x-a-l-xz-ßƒ pw A\p-{K-l-ßƒ pw ]e ZrjvSm- -ßfpw AS-ßn-bn-cn- p p. AXp-sIm v Cu hnj-b-ß-sf- p-dn v A mlp ]e-t mgpw Izp -B-\n DW Øn- mwmw. cm -I-ep-I-fpsS am -Øn \n m-wt m ka-b-ß-fp-ssbpw a pw IW- p-iƒ \n W-bn- -s -Sp- Xv. kq: Izkz-kzv 71, 72 hn- \-ß-fn A mlp Nq n- m-wn- -Xp-t]mse, kzm-k-a-bhpw ]Item, cm{xntbm am{x-am-bn-cp- m-esø Ah-ÿ-sb- m-bn-cn pw? Btem-Nn p t\m pi! 13 F m a\p-jy\pw Xs, Ahs iip\w Ahs Igp- Øn \mw G s -SpØn (Dd- n p) sh n-cn- p p. Iznbm-aØp \mfn Ah\v Hcp {KŸw (tcj) \mw shfn- p-sim- p-h-cp-ibpw snøpw; (Xpd p) hncp-ø-s - -Xmbn AX-h Is - Øp- -XmWv. 14 (]d-b-s Spw:) "\ns {KŸw \o hmbn- p-sim- pi! \ns t]cn IW- v-t\m- p- h-\mbn C v \o Xs axn!" 13 F m a\p-jy\pw Ah\p \mw G s -Sp-Øn-sh- n-cn- p p (A\n-hm-cy-am n thdn-sm-xm- n-bn-cn- p p) Ahs Igp-Øn Ahs iip\w, e Ww \mw ]pd-s -Sp-hn- pi (shfn p sim p-hcpi)bpw snøpw. Ah\v Iznbm-aØp \mfn Hcp {KŸw, tcj, AX-h ImWpw, Is Øpw hncpø(\nh Ø)s -Xmbn 14 hmbn- pi \ns {KŸw axn \o Xs, \ns kz w C v \ns t]cn IW v t\m p- -h-\mbn. 2670

Iq n \n v ] n-iƒ he-tøm v ]mdn-bm ip`w, CS-tØm v ]mdn-bm Aip`w F pw a pw ] n-i-fpss Ne\w t\m n iip\w \n -bn- p Hcp ]Xnhv Ad- _n-iƒ p- m-bn-cp p. CXn \n v "] n' F Y-ap ôpfénw(xzmc ) F hm v "iip\w' F A Y-Ønepw D]-tbm-Kn- -s p h p. Chn-sSbpw Cu A Y-amWv AXn-\p- Xv. ]t, ChnsS ] n-b a\p-jy-i a-ß-fmwv ] n (iip\w) F - Xp-sIm v hnh. Cu hn-\-ß-fn {]kvxm-hn- -Xns kmcw C{]-Im-c-am-Ip p: Hmtcm-cp-Ø-s bpw iip\w Ahs Igp-Øn si n-øq n sh n- p Xment]mse Ah-t\m-sSm w Xs ÿnxn snøp p. Hmtcm-cp-Ø-s bpw I a-ßsf B{i-bn- mwv Ahs ip`m-ip` ^e-ßƒ \ne-sim- p- Xv. ] n-i-sftbm at m B{i-bn- AXv. AXn\v ]pdsa, Iznbm-a-Øp-\m-fn, Hmtcm-cp-h-s bpw kie I a-ßfpw khn-kvxcw tcj-s -Sp-Ø-s - n- p Hcp tcjm-{kÿw Ahs Iøn simsp- -s -Sp-Ibpw snøpw. AXn F mw Ah\v hy -ambn tcj-s -SpØn ImWmhp- -Xm-bn-cn pw. AXv ImWp-tºmƒ, Xs KpW-tZm-j-ß-sfbpw, c m-in- -Isfbpw, t\ -tim- -ß-sfbpw Ipdn v Hmtcm-cp-Ø pw icn pw hy -am-ip- -XmWv. ]c-k-lm-b-sam pw IqSmsX, Xs IW v XnI pw X\n- p-xs ]cn-tim-[n- dnbmw. 15 B t\ am Kw {]m]n- pthm Ah, Xs kz -Øn\p th n-x-s -bmwv t\ am Kw {]m]n- p- Xv. B hgn-]n-g- pthm Ah AXn-s\-Xn-cmbn Xs bmwv hgn-]n-g- p- Xpw. Ip w hln- p Hcp tzlhpw (AYhm Bflmhpw) as m- ns Ip w hln- p-i-bn. Hcp dkq-ens\ Ab- p- -Xv-hsc \mw (Bscbpw) in n- p- -h-cmbn-cn- n- -Xm\pw. 15 B, Bsc- nepw, bmsxm-cp-h F m-e-h t\ am Kw {]m]n- p- Xv t\ am Kw {]m]n p (F n ) X\n- p-th n Xs, Xs kz -Øn-\p-th n am{xw Bsc- nepw, h -h\pw hgn-]n-g p (F n ) F m-e-h hgn ]ng- p- Xv (Ip w) t]dpi (hln- pi)bn AXn-s -ta (FXn-cn ) Xs Hcp (Ip w) t]dnb tzlw (Bƒ) Ip sø, Ip -`mcw at -Xns, as m- ns \mam-bn-cn- p-i-bp-an 2671

in n- p- -h \mw Ab- p (Fgp-t ]n- p )Xphsc Hcp dkq-ens\. a\p-jy-cpss c m-in- -I-fn AwKo-I-cn- -s - n- p aq v ASn-ÿm\ XXzß-fmWv Cu hn-\-ß-fn ImWp- Xv. (1) Hmtcm Bfp-sSbpw k a ZpjvI a-ß-fpss ^ew B Bƒ v Xs -bmbn-cn pw A\p-`-h-s -SpI. (2) Hcm-fpsS Ip w as m-cmƒ hln- p-itbm, hln-t n hcp-itbm C. Cu c p hnj-b-sø- - nbpw A mlp H n-e-[niw ÿeøv {]kvxm-hn- p-imwmw. 1 ma-tø-xn-s\- n 10:108; 27:92;39:41 apx-emb hn-\-ß-fnepw, 2 ma-tø-xn-s\- n 6:164; 35:18; 39:7; 53:38 apx-emb hn-\-ß-fnepw t\m pi. (3) dkq-ep-isf Ab p t\ am Khpw, Zp am Khpw hnh-cn- p-sim-sp- msx A mlp Bscbpw in n- p-i-bn. {]hm-n-i am \ntbm-kn- -s -Sp-Itbm, {]hm- N-I am-cpss A[ym-]-\-ß-sf- n Adnhv e`n- p-itbm snbvxn- n- m-ø-h hgn-]ng- p-t]m-ip- -] w, Ah in m l-cm-bn-cn- -bn F v CXn \n v hy -am- Ip p. ]t, Hcp kap-zm-b-ønepw A mlp \_n-amsc Ab- m-xn-cp- n- n. A mlp ]d-bp p: lôjpònf né p«a ÓnN q EG máseo CG røue r EGnh (Hcp kap-zm-bhpw AXn Hcp Xm o-xp-imc Ign- p-t]m-im-xn-cp- n- n. 35:24) {]hm-n-i- m-cp-ambn t\cn _ -s -Sp-hm Ign-bm-Ø-h v Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-sf- n a p atxm-]-tz-jvsm- ƒ hgntbm, thz-{k-ÿ-ßƒ hgntbm Adn-hm-bmepw axn-bt m. \c-i-øns Bƒ m-cm-bn-øocp Hmtcm Iq w Bfp-I-sfbpw AXn CS-s -Sp-tºmƒ, \c-i-øns Imh m Ah-tcmSv \nßƒ v Hcp Xm o-xp-im-c\pw h nt ( ) F v tnmzn- p-sa pw, At mƒ Ah : Rßƒ v Xm o-xp-im h n- p v. F m Rßƒ hymp-am- p-i-bm-wp- m-b-sx v ( ) Ah adp-]sn ]dbp-sa pw kqd-xp ap In A mlp Adn-bn- n-cn- p p. 16 Hcp cmpysø \mw \in- n- p-hm Dt±-in- m, AXnse kpjn-b am-tcmsv \mw I ]n pw (A\p-k-cn- p-hm I ]\ simsp pw): F n v Ah AXn txm n-b-hmkw {]h Øn pw; Aßs\, AXn-s -ta (B) hm v (\ymb-ambn) ÿnc-s Spw; At mƒ, \mw AXns\ Hcp XI XI p- -XmWv. 2672

16 \mw Dt±-in- m \mw \in- n- p-hm Hcp cmpysø, h cmpy-søbpw \mw I ]n- p- -XmWv AXnse kpjn-b (kpjtem-ep-] ) amtcmsv F n v (At mƒ) Ah txm n-b-hmkw (sxωm- SnØw [n mcw) {]h Øn pw AXn At mƒ ÿnc-s Spw, \ymb-amipw, Ah-Im-i-s Spw, bym Y-amIpw AXns ta hm v (B ]d- Xv) At mƒ \mw AXns\ XI pw Hcp XI. dkq-ep-iƒ apjm- cw A mlp \ In-bn- p I ]-\-Isf hi-sh- msx [n cn- p-sim v cmpy-øp t\xm- ƒ, aq am XpS-ßnb kpj-tem-ep-] am txm n-b-hm-k-ønepw, Zp am K-Ønepw apgp-in-s m- n-cn pw. Aßs\ Ah-cpsS t\xr-xz-øn \m n [m an-i-amb Acm-P-IXzw \S-am-Sp-Ibpw At mƒ cmpyw D qe \mi-øn\v Ah-Im-i-s - -Xm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw snøp p. At m-gmwv A mlp AhnsS D aq-e-\miw hcp-øp- Xv. A msx, \m p-im s]mxpsh \nc-]-cm-[n-ifm-bn-cn- p-tºmƒ Hcp cmpyhpw A mlp \in- n- m-dn, Aßns\ Ah\v Dt±-ihp-an F v kmcw. FhnsS t\m n-bmepw txm n-b-hm-k-ønepw, kzm-nmc ewl- \-ß-fnepw apº- m-cm-bn-cn- pi Ahn-SsØ kpj-tem-ep-]- m-cm-bn-cn- p-at m. s]mxp- P-\-ßfpw, km[m-c-w- mcpw {ItaW Ah-cpsS A`o-jvS-ßƒ v-h-gßn Ah-cn ebn- p-i-bmwv ]Xnhv. AXp-sIm- mwv kpjn-b am-cpss txm n-b-hm-k-sø- n FSp-Øp-]-d-bp- Xv. 17 \qln-\p-ti-j-ambn F{X (tbsd) Xe-ap-d-I-sf-bmWv \mw \in- n- n-cn- p- Xv?! Xs ASn-bm- m-cpss ]m]-ß-sf- n kq va- \pw, I -dn-bp- -h-\p-ambn \ns d v Xs axn-xm\pw! 17 F{X-bmWv, F{Xtbm \mw \in- n- n-cn- p p Xe-ap-d-I-fn (Ime- m-cn ) \n pw tijw, tij-am-bn v \qlns axn-xm\pw \ns d v (Xs ) ]m]-ß-sf- n Xs ASn-bm- mcpss kq va- m-\n-bm-bn v I -dn-bp- -h-\m-bn v, ImWp- -h-\mb. \qlv \_n(a)-bpss Ime-tijw apx CXp-h-sc-bmbn ta {]kvxm-hn {]Imcw s]mxp-in- v hnt[-b-cm-ti- n-h F{Xtbm P\-k-aq-l-ßƒ Ign- pt]m-bn- p v! Hmtcm Iq -cp-ssbpw sx p-ip- -ßƒ Fs m-s -bm-bn-cp- p-sh pw, AXv F{X-am{Xw Ihn- p-t]m-bn-cp- p-sh- p-sams A m-lp-hn\v icn pw kq vaambpw Adnbmw. AX-\p-k-cn v Xs -bmwv Ahsc Ah in n- Xpw. A msx Hcp samø- -W- ntem, GI-tZi A\p-am-\-{]-Im-ctam A A mlp Aßns\ snbvxxv F v Xm ]cyw. AXp-t]m-se-bp h s]mxp-in- pw _m[y-ÿ- 2673

cm-bn-øo t - m-\n-s-bp-s v \ne-hn-ep Cu apiv-cn- p-ifpw Hm Øp-sIm- s F p Hcp kqn-\-iqsn CXn AS-ßn-bn-cn- p p. 18 B (Cu) Wn-I-am-b- Xns\ (sflni Pohn-XsØ) Dt±in- p-sim- n-cn- p- pthm, AXn Ah\v (AsX) \mw thw-sa v sh p- Xv \mw thk-am- n-s m-sp- p- -XmWv; ]ns, Ah\v \mw "Pl- an"s\ (\c-isø) G s -Sp- Øn-s m-sp- p- -XmWv. AXn Ah Bt -]n- -s - -h-\mbpw (Imcp-Wy-Øn \n pw) B -s - -h- \mbpw sim v -I-S-s -cnbpw. 19 B ]c-tem-isø Dt±-in- pthm, Ah kxy-hn-izm-knbmbpw sim v AXn-\p-th n AXn-s Xmb ]cn-{iaw ]cn-{i-an- p-ibpw snbvxp (thm), F m A q- Ah-cpsS ]cn-{iaw \µn- ]q hw kzoi-cn- -s -Sp- -Xm-bncn pw. 20 F m-h pw C q- pw A q- pw (Xs ) \ns d ns simsp-xn-bn (Zm\- Øn ) \n pw \mw Ab p (\o n) simsp- p- -XmWv. \ns d ns simspxn (Zm\w) aps w snø-s -Sp- -Xm-bn-cn- n- - Xm\pw. 18 B Bbn-cp p (thm), Bsc- nepw Bbn-cp- m Dt±-in pw [rxn-bn Xocp- -Xns\, thkw Ign-bp- Xv, Wn-I-am-bXv \mw [rxnbm n (thk-am n) simsp pw Ah\v AXn \mw Dt±-in- p- Xv, thw-sa v sh p- Xv \mw Dt±-in- p- -h v ]ns \mw B pw (G s -SpØpw) Ah\v Pl- -ans\ Ah AXn Fcnbpw, IS pw 2674

(IS-s -cnbpw) Bt -]n (Ip -s -SpØ)s -h-\m-bn v B -s (AI- -s ) h\mbn. 19 B Dt±-in- pthm, Bsc- nepw Dt±-in- m ]n o-sp- -Xns\ (]c-tem-isø) AXn-\p-th n ]cn-{i-an- pi (bxv\n- pi) bpw (snbvxm ) AXns (Xmb) ]cn-{iaw Ah, Ah- \m-is kxy-hn-izm-kn-bp-amwv F m B Iq Bbn-cn pw Ah-cpsS ]cn-{iaw \µn snø-s -Sp (\µn-]q hw kzoi-cn- -s - Sp ) Xv. 20 F m-h pw \mw Ab- p-sim-sp pw, \o n-s m-sp pw. C q- v, Ch v C q- pw, Ah pw simsp-xn-bn (Zm\-Øn ) \n v \ns d ns Bbn- n Bbn-cn- -bn \ns d ns simspxn aps- -s (XS-b-s )Xv. Wn-I-amb Cu sflni kpj-ku-i-cy-ßsf e yw sh p- -h-cn Ah Dt±-in- p- -h v Cl-Øn Xm\p-t±-in- p GXm\pw Nne t\ -ßƒ A mlp X mew \ In-tb pw. F m-h pw ]q W-ambn e`n- p-i-bn. Ah-cpsS ]cyh-km\w \c-i-hp-am-bn-cn pw. imiz-x-amb ]c-temi kpj-ku-i-cy-ßsf e yw sh p-ibpw, AtXm-Sp-IqSn AXn-\p-th n hnizm-k-]q hw {]bxv\w \S-Øp-Ibpw snøp- -h-cpss {]h Ø\w A mlp kk-t mjw kzoi-cn- p-ibpw, A l-amb {]Xn-êw Ah v \ Ip-Ibpw snøpw. D]-Po-h-\-am K-ßƒ, Pohn-Xm-h-iy-ßƒ BZn-bmb ùxn-im-\p-{k-l-ß-fm-is, F m-h pw Ah \ In-s m- n-cn- p- Ibpw snøpw. AXn c p-iq- p-an-s-bn hyxymkw ImWn- p-i-bn, Fs ms -bmwv Cu hn-\-ß-fn ]d- -Xns Npcp- -sa v ]dbmw. F m, A mlp D]-tbm-Kn hmiy-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n- p- -] w AXn \n v \ap v ]e Imcy-ßfpw a\- n-em- p-hm Ign-bp- -XmWv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn: (1) sflni Pohn-XsØ Dt±-in- p- -h-sc- p-dn v ]d- -t mƒ, ]c-tem-isø Dt±-in- p- -h-sc- p-dn v ]d- -Xp-t]mse (AXn-\p-th n AXns - Xmb ]cn-{iaw \SØn) Ft m at m Hcp D]m[n ]d- n- n, F p-sim-s - m ]c-tem-iøv KpWw In p-sa e y-tøm-ss-bp F m {]h Ø-\-ßfpw e yw {]m]n- p-i-bn. A m-lphpw dkqepw \n t±-in {]Im-c-ap k I aßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ap-d-Ifpw kzoi-cn-t - -Xp v. AXp-sIm- mwv Zo\n ]pxp- Xmbn \n an- p- m- p _nzv-a-øp-iƒ {]h Øn- p- -Xn\v {]Xn-êw e`n- p- I-bn-s pw Ah X -s -ts- -Xm-sW pw \n tz-in- -s - n- p- Xv. Npcp- -Øn Pohn-X-Øns ]c-a-e yw ]c-temi hnp-b-am-bn-cn- Ww. (2) F m sflni t\ -ßsf e yw-sh- p- -h v Ah-cpsS D±njvS Imcyß-sf mw km[n- p-in- ptam? AXp-an. A mlp Dt±-in- p- Xpw Ah IW- m- n-bxpw am{xta e`n- p-i-bp- p-xm\pw. B s ms, Fs m-s -bmwv th Xv F p Imcyhpw Ahs Dt±-isØ am{xw B{i-bn- n-cn- p p. AXn- \- pdw h Xpw t\sp-hm Ah pw km[y-a. 2675

(3) ]c-tem-isø D w-sh- p- -h-cpss bxv\-ßfpw I a-ßfpw A mlp H pw ]mgm- p-i-bn. F mw \µn-]q hw kzoi-cn- p-i-xs snøpw. AYhm, Ah-cpsS Hmtcm Ne-\-ßƒ pw Cc- n- -W- n {]Xn-êw \ Ip-Ibpw, Ahsb hf Øn t]mjn- n- p-sim-sp- p-ibpw snøpw. (4) Pohn-X-e- ysø Bkv]-Z-am n a\p-jy ta - -{]-Imcw c p Xc- mcmbn hn`-pn- -s - p-sh- nepw Blmcw, BtcmKyw, [\w, k m\w BZn-bmb ùxn- I-amb A\p-{K-l-ß-fn B hnth-n\w D m-bn-cn- -bn. kxy-hn-izmkn, Ahnizmkn, Cl-temI Pohn-XsØ D w-sh- -h F n-ßs\ hyxym-k-an- msx A mlp F m-h pw AXv {]Zm\w snøp-i-xs snøpw. ]t, hy n-isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw Ah-bpsS txmxv hyxym-k-s - n-cn- p-sa- p- -Xns am\- ZWvUw A m-lp-hn\v am{xw Adn-bm-hp Hcp cl-ky-as{x. ASpØ hn-\-øn Cu bmym Yyw kqnn- n- -s - n-cn- p- Xv ImWmw. A mlp ]d-bp p: 21 t\m pi; Ah-cn (a\pjy-cn ) Nnesc Nnesc mƒ \mw t{ijvt-am- n-bn-cn- p- Xv Fßns\-bm-sW v! ]c-tem-i-am-is, ]Zhn-I-fn G w hepxpw, t{ijvt-xbn G w hepxpw Xs -bm-ip p. 21 t\m pi Fßns\, F{]-Im-c-amWv \mw t{ijvtam n (sa -s -SpØn)bXv Ah-cn Nnesc Nne-sc- mƒ ]ctemiw Xs G w hepxv ]Z-hn-I-fn, ]Sn-I-fm, G w hepxpw t{ijvtx \ Ip- -Xnepw (t{ijvt-x-bmepw.) [\w, Zmcn{Zyw, tcmkw, BtcmKyw, kpjw, ZpxJw, k m-\-em`w, k m-\-\jvsw, m\w, A m\w, _p n, t`mjøw BZn-bmb At\-I-a-t\Iw ùxn-i-im-cyß-fn k -\-ßfpw Zp -\-ßfpw XΩn s]mxpsh hyxym-k-s -Sm-dn. ]t, c p hn`m-k-øn-sebpw hy n-isf kw_- n- n-s-tømfw hyxym-k-ßƒ A\p-`h-s -Sm-dp v. Nne-t m-sg mw CXn\v hy n-]-ctam kml-n-cy-]-ctam Bb _mlyamb h Imc-W-ßfpw \ap v Is -Øp-hm Ign-t pw. F m Cu F - p-d-hns km m ImcWw A m-lp-hnt\ Adn- p-iqsq. Ahs Dt±-i-sØbpw, \nb-{ -W-sØbpw am{xw B{i-bn- mwv AXp- Xv F v A ]w Btem-Nn- m ImWm-hp- -Xm-Ip p. _p n-a-xn-ifpw, hnzym-k-º- cpw, AXn-k-a Y-cp-amb Bfp-Isf Zcn-{Z- mcpw tcmkn-i-fp-ambn ImW-s -Sp-Ibpw, adn v t`mj amcpw hnuvvn-ifpw Zp -e-cp-amb-hsc Btcm-Ky-hm- mcpw, [\m-vy am-cp-ambn ImW-s -Sp-Ibpw snøp- Xv Zp - `-a- t m. Bh-iy-amb t]mj-imw-i-ßƒ AS-ßnb ` -W-{I-ahpw Btcm-Ky-imkv{X hn[n-ifpw apd-sx- msx kq n- p-t]m-cp hy n-iƒ v alm-tcmkw ]nsn-s]-sp- 2676

Xpw, Xmfpw Xh-cbpw Xn pw, sshtzym-]-tz-i-ßƒ Adn-bm-sXbpw Ign- p-iq- Sp hy n-iƒ Atcm-K-Zr-V-Km-{X- m-cmbn \S- p- Xpw A]q h-a. At mƒ, CXn-s -sb mw ]n n Hcp AZr-iy-amb \nb-{ Ww \S- p- p-sh v kv]jvsamwv. AXv A m-lp-hn-s -X- msx a m-cp-ssxp-a. AXmWv Cu hn-\-ønse BZysØ hmiyw Nq n- m- p- Xv. Cu hnjbw kq: A Bw 165; kpjvdp^v 32 apx-emb ÿe-ß-fn A mlp IqSp-X hy -ambn {]kvxm-hn p ImWmw. ta {]kvxm-hn {]Imcw sflni kpj-ku-i-cy-ß-fn Nne Nne-sc mƒ Ihn- -hcpw Ipd- -h-cp-am-bn-cn pw. F m, ]c-tem-i-øn Cu G - p-dhv G hpw A[nIw hºn txmxn-em-bn-cn pw D m-bn-cn- pi F s{x c m-asø hmiy-øn A mlp Nq n- m- p- Xv. k -\-ßƒ kz Kob kpj-ku-i-cy-ßfn \nxym-\-µ-cm-bn-cn pw. Zp -\-ßƒ \c-iob ITn-\-in- -Iƒ A\p-`-hn- psim- n-cn- p- -h-cp-am-bn-cn pw. Ccp-hn-`m-K- m-cn-ep-ap hy n-i-fm-is, Hmtcmcp-Ø-cp-sSbpw I a-ßƒ -\p-k-cn v ]Z-hn-I-fn hyxy-kvx-cp-am-bn-cn- pw. \_n ]d-bp p: A m-lp-hns kzvhr-ø-cmb ASn-bm- m v Hcp IÆpw I n- n- m- ØXpw, Hcp ImXpw ti n- n- m-øxpw, Hcm-fpsS a\- nepw txm n-bn- n- m-øxpw (Bb A\p-{K-l-ßƒ) Ah Hcp- n-sh- n-cn- p p.' (_p;ap.) as mcp lzo-yn Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp p: "D X ]Z-hn- m-cmb Bfp-Iƒ "C n-øo\n" hkn- p- hsc ImWp- Xv \nßƒ BIm-i-Ønse hnzqc \ -{X-ßsf ImWp- -Xp-t]mse-bm-bn-cn pw' (_p:ap.) kz Khm-knI-fmb k -\-ß-fn Xs -bp ]Zhn hyxym-k-amwv \_n Cu hn-\-øn Nq n- m- p- Xv. CXp-t]mse \c-i-hmkn-iƒ n-s-bnepw in m-\p-`-h-ß-fn hºn hyxym-k-ß-fp- m-bn-cn pw. ]c-tem-isø e yw-sh- p-sim v kxy-hn-izm-k-tøm-sp-iqsn ]c-temi \ - vth n ]cn-{i-an- p-i-bmwv hnp-b-øn-\p am K-sa v ap h-n-\-ß-fn Nq n- m- n-bt m. B am Kw GXm-sW- p- -Xn\v Hcp hni-zo-i-c-w-amwv XpS p GXm\pw hn-\-ßƒ. kzm`m-hn-i-ambpw GI-ssZh hnizm-k-amwv F m- n-s bpw ASn-Ø-d-sb v ]d-tb- -Xn. A mlp ]d-bp p: 22 A m-lp-thm-sviqsn thsd Hcp Bcm-[y-s\bpw \o G s -Sp- Ø-cpXv; F m (Aßns\ snbvxm ), \o Bt -]n- -s - h-\mbpw, ssish-sn-b-s - -h-\mbpw Ccn-t - n-hcpw. hn`mkw 3 23 \ns d v Xocp-am\n ( p I ]n) ncn- p p; Ah-s\-b- msx \nßƒ Bcm-[n- -cp-sx v; amxm-]n-xm- -fn \ snø-wsa pw. 2677

Ah c n-sem-cmƒ As - n Ah c mfpw (Xs ) \ns ASp- sh v hm Iyw {]m]n-t - p- -] w, Ah-tcmSv "]vs^!' (AYhm "s!') F v \o ]d-b-cpxv; Ah-tcmSv Ib p-ibpw snø-cpxv; Ah-tcmSv \o am\y-amb hm v ]dbp-ibpw snøpi. 24 ImcpWyw \nanøw Ffn-abpsS NndIv Ah v XmgvØn-s m- Sp- p-ibpw snøpi. \o ]d-bp- Ibpw snøww: "dt! Ah c mfpw Fs sndp [{]mb]øn ]cn-]m-en p hf Ønb-Xvt]mse \o Ah-tcmSv IcpW sntø-wta!' F v. 22 \o B (D m G s -SpØ)cpXv A m-lp-hns IqsS thsd Bcm-[ys\ Bt -]n- -s - -h-\mbn F m \o Ccp- p-t]mipw, Ccn-t nhcpw ssish-sn-b-s (klmbw e`n- mø) h\mbn. 23 Xocp-am-\n- n-cn- p p (I ]n- n-cn- p p), hn[n p \ns d v \nßƒ Bcm-[n- -cp-sx v Ah-s\-b- msx amxm- ]n-xm- -tfmsv \ snbv-hm\pw, \ {]h Øn- p-ibpw (thw-sa v) {]m]n-t - p- -] w \ns ASp- hm Iyw B c nsem-cmƒ As - n Ah c mfpw F m \o ]d-b-cpxv Ah c m-tfmsv ]vs^!, s! (F v) Ah-tcmSv Ib pi (A[nt -]n- pi) bpw snø-cpxv \o ]d-bp-ibpw snøpi Ah c m-tfmspw hm v, ]d-b am\y-amb, BZ-c-hp. 24 XmgvØp-Ibpw snøpi Ah v NndIv, ] w Ffn-a-bpsS, Xmgva-bm-Ip Imcp-Wy-Øm, IcpW \nanøw \o ]d-bp-ibpw snøpi Fs dt Ah c m-tfmspw (c mƒ pw) \o IcpW snøtw c pt]cpw Fs hf Ønb (]cn-]m-en ) Xpt]mse sndp- -am-bn-cns (sndp- -Øn ). Cu hn-\-ß-fnepw, XpS p Nne hn-\-ß-fnepw "\o' F pw "\ns ' F pw t]mse-bp kwt_m-[-\-iƒ {]Xy- -Øn \_n sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn- p-sim- p- -h-bm-sw- nepw bym Y-Øn Ah kap-zm-bsø apgp-h\pw Dt±-in- p-sim- 2678

p- -Xm-Ip p. {]kw-k-th-f-i-fn kz-kysc apgp-h\pw D w-sh- p-sim v "ktlm-zcm' F pw a pw GI-h-N\ cq]-øn kwt_m-[\ snøm-dp- t m. bmsxmcp hn p-ho-gvnbpw IqSmsX c v Imcy-ßƒ A mlp Xocp-am-\n- p-d- n p sh n-cn- p- p-sh- -dn-bn- p-sim- mwv BZysØ c v I ]-\-Ifpw A mlp {]Jym-]n- n-cn- p- Xv. (1) A m-lp-hn-s\-b- msx a m-scbpw Bcm-[n- -cp-sx v. CXns {]m[m-\ysø- p-dn v hnti-jn-s m pw hnh-cn-t Bh-iy-an. (2) amxm-]n-xm- -tfmsv \ snø-w-sa v. a\p-jys P -Øn\v Imc-W- mcpw, Ah Pohn- p-hm kzbw-]-cym-]vx-\m-bn-øo-cp- -Xp-hsc IW- IjvS-\-jvSßƒ kln- p-sim v Ahs\ ]cn-]m-en p hf Øn-t m- -hcpw Ah-cm-Wt m. A mlp-hn-t\msv a\p-jy-\p G hpw al-ømb IS-a-sb- p-dn v {]kvxm-hn DSs\ Xs AtXmSv tn Øp-sIm v amxm-]n-xm- -tfmsv a ƒ \nd-th-t - p IS-asb- p-dn v {]kvxm-hn- -Xn \n v Ah-tcm-Sp IS-a-Iƒ v A mlp I ]n {]m[m\yw F{X hºn- -Xm-sW v a\- n-em- m-hp- -XmWv. ChnsS am{x-a, thsd ]e hn-\-ß-fnepw Cu c v Imcy-ßfpw CXp-t]mse A mlp Iq n-t Øp {]kvxmhn- n-cn- p- Xv ImWmw. Nne ÿe-ß-fn A m-lp-hns hi Hcp hkzn-ø-øv-iq- Sn-bm-bn- mwv amxm-]n-xm- ƒ v \ snøp Imcyw A mlp {]kvxm-hn- n-cn- p- Xv. (A I-_qØv 8; epizvam 14; AlvIzm^v 15 F n-hn-s-ß-fn t\m pi.) amxm-]n-xm- ƒ v \ snø-w-sa v I ]n p axn-bm- msx, AXn-s\mcp cq]- tc-j-sb-t mww XpS p hnh-cn- p-ibpw snbvxn-cn- p p. ChnsS \ Inb B hnh-c-w-ßƒ Ch-bm-Ip- p-: (1) amxmthm, ]nxmthm, As - n c m-fptam hm [Iyw {]m]n- p- -] w, a ƒ Ah-tcmSv "]vs^! s!' F n-ß-s\-bp Ad- n-s bpw shdp- n-s bpw hm p- Iƒ ]d- p-iqsm. F m-eøpw Ah-tcmSv A\p-h Øn- -s -ts- p Hcp ISa Xs -bmwv CXv. F nepw {]mbm-[niyw t\cn-sp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS hm nepw s]cpam- -Øn-ep-sams sndp- - m-cmb a ƒ v cpnn- mø ]expw IqSp-X A\p-`h-s -SpI kzm`m-hn-i-am-bn-cn pw. AXp-sIm- mwv {]mbm-[niyw hcp-tºm-gsø Imcyw {]txyiw A mlp FSp-Øp-]-d- n-cn- p- Xv. (2) Ah-tcmSv Ib Øp kwkm-cn- p-itbm, ]cp-j-hm- p-iƒ ]d-bp-itbm snøcpxv. (3) AXpw t]mcm, Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn- p- Xv am\y-amb hm p-i-fn-em-bn-cn- pi IqSn thww. AYhm, A -S- hpw, acym-zbpw, _lp-am-\hpw {]I-Sam-hp hm p-i-fm-bn-cn- Ww D]-tbm-Kn- p- Xv. Cu"am\y-amb hm v' ( ) sim v F m-wp-t±-iy-sa v tnmzn- -s - -t mƒ, kcu-zp-_v\p apk-ø_v (d) C{]-Imcw adp-]sn ]d- -Xmbn C_v\p Pco (d) \nth-z\w snbvxn-cn- p p: ÖfòŸG ~Ñ dg ƒb ßØdG ~«ù d (]m]w snbvx ASna ITn\ kz`m-hn-bmb bp-am-\-t\msv ]d-bpw-{]-im-c-ap hm v.) A mlp Hcn- epw s]mdp- mø alm-]m-]-am-wt m in v. B in v snbv-hm h amxm-]n-xmfpw a -tfmsv \n _ w snep- 2679

hnj-b-øn Ahsc A\p-k-cn- -cp-sx v I ]n- -txm-ssm w Xs, kqdøv epizvam-\n Ah-tcmSv Cl-Øn kzm-nm-c-a-\p-k-cn v \ \ne-bn kl-h-kn- p-ibpw thww ( ) F v IqSn A mlp I ]n- n-cn- p p. (4) Ah v Ffn-a-bm-Ip NndIv XmgvØn-s m-sp- Ww. X -t mgn AXns Ip p-ß-tfm-sp kvt\l-hm keyw \nanøw AXns Nnd-Ip-hn-S Øn XmgvØn-s m-sp-øp-sim v AXn-\p- n Ahsb AW p Iq m-dp- -Xn-t\mSv D]-an- p-sim- p Hcp Ae- m-c-{]-tbm-k-amwv "NndIv XmgvØ ( ) Hcp ImeØv kvt\l-hm- -ey-tøm-sp-iqsn Ah Ctßm v s]cp-am-dn-b-t]mse, Ct mƒ Ah-tcm-S-tßm v Xmgva-tbmSpw hn\-b-tømspw s]cp-am-d-w-sa v Xm ]cyw. CXv tihew Hcp {]I-S-\tam, A`n-\-btam Bbn- qsm. Ah-cpsS t\sc-bp Imcp-Wy-Øn \n pw Ir]-bn \n pw DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xm-bn-cn- p-ibpw thww F v- IqSn A mlp Nq n- m- p p. AXmWv (ImcpWyw \nanøw) F hm v kqnn- n- p- Xv. (5) Ah p-th n (Fs dt, Ah c mfpw Fs sndp- -Øn hf Øn-bp- m- n-b-xp-t]mse \o Ah-tcmSv IcpW sntø- Wta!) F v {]m n- Ww. Ah p-th n {]m n- -W-sat m at m ]d p axn-bm- msx, {]m n-t amxr-i-iqsn A mlp ImWn- p-x- n-cn- p-i-bmwv. sndp- -Im-eØv Fs hf Øn-bp- m- p-hm Ah hf-sc-b-[niw t i-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-t - n-h- n- p v. AXn Ah-tcm-Sp Fs IS- msv th Xvt]mse \n h-ln- p-hm F\n v km[y-a. AXp-sIm v AXns t]cn \o Xs \ns ImcpWyw Ah-cn snmcn-tb-wta! F mwm {]m -\-bpss Xm ]cyw. amxm-]n-xm- ƒ Pohn- n-cn- p-tºmƒ am{x-a, Ah-cpsS ac-w-ti-jhpw a ƒ v Ah-tcmSv Nne IS- m-sp-i-fp v. Ahbn H s{x Ah p-th- n-bp {]m Y\. "Fs amxm-]n-xm- ƒ ac-w-s - -tijw Ah v Rm sntø- p h ]pwyhpw Fs ta _m n-bpt m?' F v Hcmƒ \_n tbmsv tnmzn p. At mƒ Xncp-ta\n Cßns\ adp-]sn ]d-bp-i-bp- mbn: "D v. \mev Imcy-ß-fp v. Ah-cpsS t]cn (P\mkx) \a-kvi-cn- p-ibpw, Ah v ]m]-tam-n\w txsp-ibpw snøepw, Ah-cpsS hmkvzøw \S- n-em- epw, Ah-cpsS Nßm-Xn-amsc BZ-cn- epw, Ah apjm- ncw am{x-ap- m-ip c -_ w (IpSpw-_-_ w) ]men- epw. ChbmWv Ah-cpsS ac-w-tijw Ah-tcmSv sntø- p ]pwy-øn \ns -ta _m n-bp- Xv.' (A;Zm;P.) C_v\p Da (d) Hcn- a bn-se- Hcp sxcp-ho-ynbn sh v Hcp "AAv dm_n"sb ({Kmao-Ws\) I -t mƒ, At±-l-Øn\v kemw snm n hml-\- p-døv \n n-dßn At±-lsØ AXn ta H n- n-cp-øp-ibpw, Xs Xe- mhv At±-l-Øn\v kωm-\n- p-ibpw snbvxp. C_v\p-Zo-\m (d) ]d-bp- I-bmWv: "Cu AA-vdm-_n-Iƒ v A ]w simsp-ømepw Ah Xr]vXn-s -Sp-at m' F v Rßƒ At mƒ C_v\p Da (d) t\msv ]d-bp-i-bp- mbn. At±lw ]d p: "Cbm-fpsS ]nxmhv (Fs ]nxm-hmb) Da-dns Hcp CjvS- m-c-\m-bn-cp p. dkq C{]-Imcw ]d-bp- -Xmbn Rm ti n- p-ap v. "]pwy-øn sh p hfsc 2680