PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Átírás

1 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS ALAKJA A Past Perfect Continuous-nak két segédigéje van: HAD ez a perfect szemléletet segít kifejezni BEEN ez a folyamatosságot segít kifejezni Ezt használjuk kijelentő, állító mondatokban és kérdezéskor, valamint tagadáskor is! Ehhez kapcsolódik az adott ige ING-es alakja. Tehát: KIJELENTŐ, ÁLLÍTÓ (NEM TAGADÓ) MONDATBAN: HAD BEEN + az ige ING-es alakja pl. The boss had been waiting for an hour by the time their Joe arrived. The boss wanted to know if Joe had been sleeping so long. (A főnök egy órája várt, mire Joe megérkezett. A főnök tudni akarta, hogy Joe ilyen sokáig aludt-e.) ÖSSZEVONÁS: Az had segédige az alannyal összevonható. pl. He had been waiting for an hour. = He d been washing his teeth for an hour. TAGADÁS: ritka, ha mégis előfordul, a HAD segédige után kerül a not tagadószó HAD + NOT + BEEN + az ige ING-es alakja pl. Joe said that he had not been sleeping for so long. (Joe azt mondta, hogy nem aludt ilyen sokáig) ÖSSZEVONÁS: Az had segédige a not tagadószóval összevonható: pl. He had not been sleeping so long. = He hadn t been sleeping so long. KÉRDEZÉS: csak a HAD segédige kerül az alany elé: HAD + ALANY + BEEN + az ige ING-es ALAKJA pl. What had he been doing for so long? Had he been washing his teeth? (Mit csinált ilyen sokáig? Fogat mosott?)

2 HASZNÁLATA EGY MÁSIK MÚLTBELI ESEMÉNY VAGY IDŐPONT ELŐTT ELKEZDŐDÖTT, ÉS MÉG AKKOR IS TARTÓ CSELEKVÉS pl. They had been living there for 10 years when the neighbour smiled at them. (hamarabb kezdődött, (későbbi esemény) és még folyamatban volt) (Már 10 éve ott laktak, amikor a szomszéd rájuk mosolygott.) Jellemzően használható időhatározók: Az esemény lefolyásának időtartamát vagy kezdőpontját jelölő elöljárószók since (valamilyen időpont óta) pl. I had been living there since Friday when he arrived. (Péntek óta ott laktam, amikor megérkezett.) for (valamennyi ideje, valamilyen időhossz óta) pl. They had been living together for 10 years when they maried. (10 éve éltek együtt, amikor összeházasodtak.) Használhatók az előidejűségre utaló időhatározók is (l. Past Perfect Simple-nél! - (by, by the time, already, yet etc.)) pl. They had been living together for 10 years by the time they married. (10 éve éltek együtt, amikor összeházasodtak.) A Past Perfect Simple és a Past Perfect Continuous közötti különbség: PAST PERFECT SIMPLE hansúlyozza, hogy a cselekvés hamarabb kezdődött, és már befejeződött, mielőtt valamilyen másik esemény bekövetkezett a múltban They had eaten my cake by the time I got home. (Megették a tortámat, mire hazaértem.) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS hangsúlyozza, hogy egy cselekvés hamarabb kezdődött, és még folyamatban volt, amikor egy másik esemény bekövetkezett a múltban They had been eating my cake for an hour by the time I got home. (Egy órája ették a tortámat, mire hazaértem.)

3 A Past Continuous (folyamatos múlt) és a Past Perfect Continuous közötti különbség: PAST CONTINUOUS csak az a fontos, hogy a cselekvés éppen folyt egy adott időpontban They were eating my cake when I got home. (Ették a tortámat, amikor hazaértem.) PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS nem csak az a fontos, hogy a cselekvés éppen folyt egy adott időpontban, hanem az is, hogy mióta tartott már They had been eating my cake for an hour when I got home. (Egy órája ették a tortámat, amikor hazaértem.) 1) Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: Past Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous. 1. I (wait) in the office for more than two hours when the Boss finally arrived. 2. They (talk) for over an hour before the other members arrived. 3. (you/watch) the match when I telephoned you? 4. She (work) for that company for three years when it went out of business. 5. How long (you/wait) for John before he finally arrived? 6. Mike was longing to sit down because he (stand) all day at work. 7. What (you/do) yesterday at 8 p.m.? 8. David (teach) at the international school for more than a year before he left forf rance. 9. How long (you/study Italian before you moved there? 10. The footballers were tired because they (play) for two hours. 11. Helen (not/do) anything special when we arrived. 12. Sam put on a lot of weight because he (eat) too much. 13. I (have) lunch when he entered the restaurant. 14. Florence failed the final test because she (not/revise) enough. 15. While I (walk) home last Monday I saw a terrible car accident. 2) Use the exact form of the verbs in brackets. (Past Simple / Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple / Past Perfect Continuous) 1. He (keep) looking at her, wondering where he (see) her before. 2. He (help) me as soon as he (finish) his work.

4 3. She (give) us the answer after she (speak) to her husband. 4. When we (arrive) at the station I (try) to find a porter. 5. Stan (say) good-bye to Dick as soon as he (get) the money. 6. Joe (let) them in after they (knock) the door three times. 7. They (leave) for school before I (make) them some sandwiches. 8. Joe (be) the gardener at the Lees before Dick (come). 9. John (not worry) as everything (be) all right so far. 10. I (have) no idea what (happen). 11. When Mark (turn) to say good-bye to them, they (already go). 12. They (be) tired and sleepy because they (travel) all through the night. 13. Peter (already drink) a lot when he (come) to the party. 14. Before she (present) her plans to me she (work it out) thoroughly. 15. By the time I (get up), the whole family (leave) home. 16. After she (write) the cheques she (go) to the post office. 17. Before we (visit) our parents we (pop) in a flower shop to buy a bunch of roses for my mom. 18. Who (take) the kids to the nursery the day before yesterday? 19. First I (wash) all the curtains, then I (clean) the windows. 20. My parents (be) proud of me because I (pass) all my exams. 21. Geoff (not see) his parents for fifteen years so he (feel) rather nervous at the airport. 3) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Mire Ann befejezte a mosogatást, már mindenki aludt. 2. Mielőtt Tom belépett a szobába, sokáig kopogtatott. 3. Mire elaludtam, már félórája hegedült a szomszéd. 4. Mire a nagybátyám megérkezett, már két órája esett az eső. 5. Mennyi ideig álltál a mozi előtt, mielőtt a barátaid megérkeztek? 6. Mit játszottak a gyerekek, mielőtt esni kezdett az eső?

5 1) 1. had been waiting. 2. had been talking 3. Were you watching 4. had been working 5. had you been waiting 6. had been standing 7. were you doing 8. had been teaching 9. had you been studying 10. had been playing 11. wasn t doing 12. had been eating 13. was having 14. hadn t been revising 15. was walking KEY: 2) 1. He kept looking at her, wondering where he had seen her before. 2. He helped me as soon as he finished his work. 3. She gave us the answer after she had spoken to her husband. 4. When we arrived at the station I tried to find a porter. 5. Stan said good-bye to Dick as soon as he got (/had got)the money. 6. Joe let them in after they had knocked the door three times. 7. They left for school before I had made them some sandwiches. 8. Joe had been the gardener at the Lees before Dick came. 9. John didn t worry as everything had been all right so far. 10. I had no idea what had happened. 11. When Mark turned to say good-bye to them, they had already gone. 12. They were tired and sleepy because they had been travelling all through the night. 13. Peter had already drunk a lot when he came to the party. 14. Before she presented her plans to me she had worked it out thoroughly. 15. By the time I got up, the whole family had left home. 16. After she had written the cheques she went to the post office. 17. Before we visited our parents we had popped in a flower shop to buy a bunch of roses for my mom. 18. Who took the kids to the nursery the day before yesterday? 19. First I washed all the curtains, then I cleaned the windows. 20. My parents were proud of me because I had passed all my exams. 21. Geoff hadn t seen his parents for fifteen years so he felt rather nervous at the airport. 3) 1. By the time Ann finished washing up, everybody had been sleeping. 2. Before Tom entered the room, he had been knocking for a long time. 3. By the time I fell asleep, the neighbour had been playing the violin for half an hour. 4. By the time my uncle arrived, it had been raining for two hours. 5. How long had you been standing in front of the cinema before your friends arrived? 6. What had the children been playing before it started to rain?