A JÖVŐ IDEJŰSÉG EGYÉB KIFEJEZŐ ESZKÖZEI

Átírás

1 A JÖVŐ IDEJŰSÉG EGYÉB KIFEJEZŐ ESZKÖZEI GOING TO SZERKEZET Használata: Ezt a szerkezetet két esetben használhatjuk: SZÁNDÉKBAN ÁLLÓ, TERVEZETT (de még nem biztos) közeli jövőbeli esemény (= szándékában áll, azt tervezi, hogy, szándékszik, akar) pl. I am going to cook turkey tomorrow. (Holnap pulykát fogok főzni.) az is benne van, hogy ezt tervezem, ez áll szándékomban olyan nagy valószínűséggel bekövetkező közeli jövőbeli esemény, amelynek A JELENBEN TAPASZTALHATÓ ELŐJELE VAN (= mindjárt ) pl. I feel sick. I am going to faint. (Rosszul vagyok. Mindjárt elájulok.) az is benne van, hogy érzem, mi fog történni Alakja: Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain. (Nézd azokat a fekete felhőket! Mindjárt esni fog.) Kijelentő mondatban: alany + AM/IS/ARE GOING TO + az ige INFINITIVE alakja pl. They are going to eat turkey. (Pulykát fognak enni.) Tagadáskor az AM/IS/ARE segédige után kerül a not tagadószó, majd GOING TO kifejezés: alany + AM/IS/ARE + NOT + GOING TO + az ige INFINITIVE alakja összevonható: are not = aren t; is not = isn t pl. They are not going to eat hamburgers. (Nem fognak hamburgert enni.) Kérdezéskor az AM/IS/ARE segédige kerül az alany elé, majd az alany, utána a GOING TO kifejezés:

2 AM/IS/ARE + ALANY + GOING TO + az ige INFINITIVE alakja pl. Are you going to eat this? (Meg fogod ezt enni?) Megjegyzés: A go ige mellett bár használható, de inkább kerülik, a furcsa hangzás miatt. (pl. I am going to go to the cinema. inkább: I will go to the cinema.) JÖVŐ IDEJŰSÉG KIFEJEZÉSE JELEN IDEJŰ IGEALAKOKKAL A) PRESENT CONTINUOUS alakkal Akkor használhatjuk, ha hangsúlyozni akarjuk, hogy a jövőbeli esemény MÁR MEG VAN SZERVEZVE, EL VAN RENDEZVE. Ilyenkor muszáj használnunk olyan időhatározót, amely a jövőre utal! pl. I am cooking turkey tomorrow. (Holnap pulykát főzök.) az is benne van, hogy már megszerveztem (pl. megvettem a pulykát) B) PRESENT SIMPLE alakkal IDŐHATÁROZÓI MELLÉKMONDATOKBAN pl. When we get there, we will have dinner. (Amikor odaérünk, megebédelünk.) NAPTÁRI, MENETRENDSZERINTI VONATKOZÁSOKKAL (amikor valami úgy fog bekövetkezni, ahogy egyébként is szokásosan be szokott következni) pl. The train leaves at 9 tomorrow. (A vonat holnap 9-kor indul.) JÖVŐ IDEJŰSÉG KIFEJEZÉSE EGYÉB SZERKEZETTEL BE (ABOUT) TO szerkezet Akkor használhatjuk, ha a jövőbeli esemény MÁR KÜSZÖBÖN ÁLL. (= épp azon van, hogy ; Arra készül, hogy ) pl. The taxi is here and we are about to leave. (Itt van a taxi, és épp indulni készülünk.)

3 A JÖVŐ IDEJŰSÉG KIFEJEZÉSÉNEK MÓDJAI KÖZÖTTI KÜLÖNBSÉG (egy példán keresztül) pl. Future Simple I will travel to London. (Londonba fogok utazni.) I will travel to London twice a month. (Havonta kétszer Londonba fogok utazni.) Future Continuous I will be travelling to London for a day. (Egy napig fogok Londonba utazni.) I will be travelling to London this time tomorrow. (Holnap ilyenkor épp utazni fogok Londonba.) Going to szerkezet I m going to travel to London. (Londonba szándékozom utazni.) Present Continuous alak I m travelling to London tomorrow. (Holnap Londonba utazom.) Present Simple alak When I travel to London, I will write you. (Amikor Londonba utazom, írni fogok neked.) Be about to szerkezet I am about to travel to London. (Épp készülök Londonba utazni.) Mit fejez ki? - egyszerű tényközlés - szokás - hosszadalmasság - épp tartani fog egy adott időpontban terv, szándék már meg van szervezve időhatá-rozói mellék-mondat küszöbön áll 1) Complete the sentences. Use GOING TO and the verb in brackets. e.g. Are you going to buy (you / buy) a new bike? 1. Tom (not / be) a doctor. 2. I (buy) some new shoes. 3. (Helen / catch) the train? 4. Who (carry) the shopping bags for me? 5. Jim and Dinah (not / marry). 6. Sam (take) a holiday. 7. What time (you / phone) me? 8. Where (we / eat) tonight? 9. I (not /give) a birthday present! 2) Make sentences by the example. * miss the train * make some tea * change it * crash * shout at us * take some photos * play in the snow * fall off * sell his house * make a cake e.g. She can t stop the car! She is going to crash

4 1. They are late. They 2. The headmaster looks angry! 3. Jim has got his camera. 4. Mick s putting up a For Sale sign. 5. The car has got a flat tyre. 6. Mum s looking at a recipe. She.. 7. Look! The ladder is broken. Oh no, he. 8. They re putting their hats and gloves on. They. 9. Kevin s putting the kettle on. 3) Complete the sentences using the going to construction and translate them into Hungarian. 1. They travel next week. 2. Look at those clouds! It rain. 3. I think I paint the fence light blue. 4. We ride the bike this afternoon. 5. They get married next month. 6. Peter study medicine. He wants to be a doctor.

5 1. They are going to win the lottery. 2. She is going to iron the clothes. 3. They are going to have a drink. 4. They are going to bake some cakes. 5. She is going to arrive soon. 6. He is going to fly a plane. 7. She is going to find a coin. 8. They are going to be arrested. 9. They are going to play chess. 10. They are going to get married. 11. He is going to have a barbecue. 12. He is going to sell newspapers. 13. He is going to celebrate his birthday. 14. He is going to live on a desert island. 15. He is going to sing next Sunday. 16. John is going to receive a prize. 4) Match the pictures with the sentences. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p 5) Decide if it is possible to use the going to construction or the Present Continuous form to express future actions. If it is not, use the Future Simple tense. 1. She (come) back on Monday. 2. I hope that you (have) a good time tomorrow. 3. I (wait) here till he comes back. 4. A lot of paint was delivered here today. you (redecorate) your kitchen? 5. The chimney sweep (come) at eight tomorrow. 6. I (believe) it when I see it. 7. I'm sure that you (like) him. 8. You look frozen. Sit down by the fire and I (make) you a cup of tea. 9. Why are you carrying a corkscrew? I (open) a bottle of wine. 10. I (go) to the cinema tonight, there 's a great film on.

6 11. Don't be afraid of the dog, it (not bite) you. 12. I don't care about the weather, I (leave) tomorrow. 13. I'm afraid Johnny (not pass) his exam. 14. (you/go) to Florida next week? 15. "When (she/get) married?" "Next Saturday." 6) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. Amikor Angliába érünk, valószínűleg épp esni fog az eső. 2. Nagyon fáj a fejem, mindjárt szétrobban. 3. Nem kedvelem ezt az embert, és nem fogok segíteni neki. 4. Hallom, diétázni fogsz. Mikor akarod kezdeni? 5. Hétvégén dolgozni fogok, mint rendesen. Szombaton mindig ügyeletes vagyok. 6. A jövő hónapban meg akar látogatni az anyósom. 7. Tény, hogy a jövő hónapban meglátogat az anyósom. 8. A jövő hónapban meglátogat az anyósom. Van vonatjegye. 9. Holnap ilyenkor épp dolgozatot fogtok írni. 10. Terveim szerint a gyerekek szerdán gyümölcsöt fognak enni, és nem adok nekik csokit. 11. Azt hiszem, sokat ettem ebédre. Mindjárt hányni fogok. 12. A kocsma, szokás szerint, éjfélkor be fog zárni. 7) Let s talk about the future. What are you going to do tomorrow? Describe your plans. How will transportation and travel change in the future? Give your views. Do you think the world will be better or worse for future generations? Explain. Do you think aliens will ever visit the Earth? When? What will happen?

7 KEY: 1) 1. Tom is not going to be a doctor. 2. I am going to buy some new shoes. 3. Is Helen going to catch the train? 4. Who is going to carry the shopping bags for me? 5. Jim and Dinah is not going to marry. 2) 1. They are going to miss the train. 2. He is going to shout at us. 3. He is going to take some photos. 4. He is going to sell his house. 5. He is going to change it. 6. Sam is going to take a holiday. 7. What time are you going to phone me? 8. Where are we going to eat tonight? 9. I am not going to give a birthday present! 6. She is going to make a cake. 7. Oh no, he is going to fall off. 8. They are going to play in the snow. 9. He is going to make some tea 3) 1. They are going to travel next week. A jövő héten fognak utazni. 2. Look at those black clouds! It is going to rain. Nézd azokat a fekete felhőket! (Mindjárt) esni fog. 3. I think I am going to paint the fence light blue. Azt hiszem, világoskékre fogom festeni a kerítést. 4. We are going to ride the bike this afternoon. Ma délután biciklizni fogunk. 5. They are going to get married next month. A jövő hónapban össze fognak házasodni. 6. Peter is going to study medicine. He wants to be a doctor. Peter orvostudományt fog tanulni. Orvos akar lenni. 4) 1. n 2. o 3. p 4. c 5. f 6. d 7. i 8. g 9. m 10. k 11. b 12. e 13. l 14. h 15. a 16. j 5) 1. She is going to come / is coming back on Monday. 2. I hope that you will have a good time tomorrow. 3. I am going to wait here till he comes back. 4. A lot of paint was delivered here today. Are you going to redecorate your kitchen? 5. The chimney sweep is coming at eight tomorrow. 6. I will believe it when I see it. 7. I'm sure that you will like him. 8. You look frozen. Sit down by the fire and I will make you a cup of tea. 9. Why are you carrying a corkscrew? I am going to open a bottle of wine. 10. I am going to the cinema tonight, there 's a great film on. 11. Don't be afraid of the dog, it won t bite you. 12. I don't care about the weather, I am going to leave / am leaving tomorrow. 13. I'm afraid Johnny isn t going to pass his exam. 14. Are you going to Florida next week? 15. "When is she going to get / is she getting married?" "Next Saturday." 6) Translate the following sentences into English. 1. When we arrive in England it will probably be raining. 2. I have a bad headache, it is going to explode. 3. I don t like this man and I won t help him. 4. I hear you will go on a diet. When are you going to start it? 5. I work at the weekend as usual. I am always on duty on Saturdays. 6. My mother-in-law is going to visit us next month. 7. (Its a fact that) my mother-in-law will visit us next month. 8. My mother-in-law is visiting us next month. She has a train ticket. 9. You will be writing a test this time tomorrow. 10. (According to my plans) the children are going to eat fruit on Wednesday and I am not going to give them chocolate. 11. I think I have eaten too much for lunch. I am going to vomit (/throw up). 12. The pub closes at midnight, as usual.