DEBRECENI EGYETEM AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI CENTRUM MEZŐGAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR M E G H Í V Ó

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1 DEBRECENI EGYETEM AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI CENTRUM MEZŐGAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR M E G H Í V Ó GÉNMEGŐRZÉS ÉS HAGYOMÁNYOS ÁLLATFAJTÁINK TERMÉKEI A KÁRPÁT- MEDENCÉBEN GENE CONSERVATION AND TRADITIONAL ANIMAL BREEDS PRODUCTS IN CARPATIAN BASIN DEBRECEN szeptember

2 2 DEBRECENI EGYETEM AGRÁRTUDOMÁNYI CENTRUM MEZŐGAZDASÁGTUDOMÁNYI KAR ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉSTUDOMÁNYI TANSZÉK az ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉS OKTATÁSÁÉRT ALAPÍTVÁNY a V-TRADE KIÁLLÍTÁSOK KFT. a DAB ÁLLATTENYÉSZTÉSI MUNKABIZOTTSÁGA és a DAGENE (Dunamenti Országok Génmegőrző Egyesülete) tisztelettel meghívja Önt és munkatársait a XV. Nemzetközi FARMER EXPO ideje alatt GÉNMEGŐRZÉS ÉS HAGYOMÁNYOS ÁLLATFAJTÁINK TERMÉKEI A KÁRPÁT-MENDENCÉBEN címmel megrendezésre kerülő konferenciára A tanácskozás helye: Debreceni Egyetem Agrártudományi Centrum 4032 Debrecen, Böszörményi út előadó Ideje: szeptember

3 3 A TUDOMÁNYOS ÜLÉS PROGRAMJA THE PROGRAM OF THE SCIENTIFIC SESSION September September DAGENE elnökségi ülés DAGENE session Állattenyésztéstudományi Tanszék, Tormay-terem (I.em. 128.) Department of Animal Husbandry, Tormay-room (I. floor 128.) DAGENE közgyűlés (6. előadó (fszt.)) DAGENE general meeting 6. auditorium (downstairs) Kiállítás megtekintése Viewing the exhibition EBÉDSZÜNET / LUNCH BREAK Tudományos ülés (2. előadó (fszt.)) Scientific session (2. auditorium (downstrairs)) Ausztria, Szlovénia, Horvátország, Szerbia, Románia, Ukrajna, Szlovákia génmegőrző tevékenységéről The gene preservation work of Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Romania, Ukraine, Slovakia Tudományos ülés folytatása (2. előadó (fszt.)) Contiuing the scientific session (2. auditorium (downstrairs)) Magyar előadások Hungarian presentations EBÉDSZÜNET / LUNCH BREAK A Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park védett állományainak megtekintése a DAGENE tagok részvételével Viewing the protected live-stocks of Hortobágy National Park with DAGENE members

4 4 SZEKCIÓÜLÉSEK szeptember 01. Levezető elnök: Dr. Dr. h.c. Bodó Imre egyetemi tanár MEGNYITÓ Dr. Ertsey Imre, egyetemi tanár, centrumelnök A veszélyeztetett osztrák kecskefajták genetikai különállósága molekuláris genetikai markerek alapján Genetic differentiation of endangered Austrian goat breeds using molecular genetic markers Franz Fischerleitner - Roswitha Baumung, Ausztria Génmegőrzés és a hagyományos állatfajták termékei Szlovéniában Gene conservation and products of traditional domestic breeds in Slovenia Franc Habe - Drgo Kompan, Szlovénia Vita /Debate Génmegőrzés és a hagyományos állatfajták termékei Horvátországban Gene conservation and products of traditional animal breeds in Croatia Ante Ivanković P. Caput Nikolina Kelava M. Konjačić - Jelena Ramljak, Horvátország A hagyományos háziállatfajták helyzete és termékei Szerbiában Conservation of domestic animal breeds and their products in Serbia Srdjan Stojanovic, Szerbia SZÜNET / BREAK

5 A hagyományos fajták védelme és termékei Romániában Protection of traditional domestic animal breeds and their products in Romania Campeánu Adrian Nagy Sándor, Románia A kárpáti borzderes génmegőrzése és termékei Ukrajnában Gene conservation and products of Carpathian Brown Vieh in Ukraine Oroszi József, Kárpátalja A szarvasmarha sokfélesége Szlovákiában és a szlovák pinzgaui fajta ökonómiai értéke Cattle breed diversity in Slovakia and the economical importance of the Slovakian Pinzgau cattle Oravcová Marta Huba Ján Hetényi Ladislav Dano Jozef Krupová Zuzana, Szlovákia SZAKEMBER TALÁLKOZÓ / RECEPTION

6 szeptember 02. Levezető elnök: Dr. Mihók Sándor, egyetemi tanár A magyar szürke értékei a termékelőállításban Values of Hungarian Grey cattle in production Bodó Imre, elnök, Magyar Szürke Szarvasmarhát Tenyésztők Egyesülete, Budapest Génmegőrzés a magyar lófajtáknál, használatuk a változó értékrendben Gene conservation of Hungarian horse breeds and their use in changing conditions Mihók Sándor, egyetemi tanár, DE ATC A modern- és az alternatív sertésfajták hús- és zsírsavösszetétele Fatty acid and meat composition of modern and alternative pig breeds Szabó Péter, egyetemi adjunktus, DE ATC Az őshonos állatfajták megőrzése Magyarországon Preservation of traditional domestic animal breeds in Hungary Radnóczi László, osztályvezető, OMMI SZÜNET /BREAK Őshonos állatok húsának jellemzői Characteristics of traditional animals meat Zelenák Levente Vadáné Dr. Kovács Mária Nagy Sándorné, OHKI Kht.

7 Húskészítmények őshonos állatok húsából Meat products out of traditional breeds Vadáné Dr. Kovács Mária Zelenák Levente Nagy Sándorné, OHKI Kht A magyar baromfifajták molekuláris genetikai sajátosságai Molecular genetic traits of Hungarian poultry breeds Hidas András, tudományos főmunkatárs, ÁTK A hagyományos fajták területhasználata a természetvédelemben Field use of traditional breeds in nature reservation Sándor István, osztályvezető, FVM Zárszó Mihók Sándor Final words POSZTER / POSTER Az ökogazdálkodó farmerek szerepe a veszélyeztetett ritka háziállatfajták megmentésében Ausztriában The role of organic farmers in saving the endangered rare domestic animal breeds in Austria Franz Fischerleitner, Ausztria

8 8 Részvétellel kapcsolatos tájékoztató Részvételi díj: Ft A részvételi díj tartalmazza: a tanácskozáson való részvételt, a génmegőrzésről készült kiadványt, a Farmer Expo-ra szóló belépőt, a szakember találkozón való részvételt, a tanácskozás szünetében üdítő és kávé fogyasztást. A szállás költségeit a vendégek maguk finanszírozzák, de a V-Trade Kiállítások Kft. előzetes jelentkezések alapján a Campus Hotel-ben szállást foglal. A szállás visszaigazolása a mellékelt jelentkezési lapon (postán, vagy az 52/ ös fax számon) legkésőbb augusztus 20-ig. Szállás lehetőség: A részvételi díj fizetése: Campus Hotel*** 4028 Debrecen, Kassai út 26. ára: Ft/szoba (2 ágyas, légkondicionált) (2 éjszaka: aug. 31. és szept. 01.) a mellékelt csekken, vagy átutalással az Az Állattenyésztés Oktatásáért Alapítvány OTP Bank Rt-nél vezetett sz. számlájára, az átutalási közlemény részében az Őshonos tanácskozás feltüntetésével. A befizetésekről kérés esetén számlát adunk, mely a regisztráción vehető át, illetve postázásra kerül. Ha további információra van szüksége érdeklődhet az 52/ as telefonszámon, vagy a kanyasi@agr.unideb.hu címen.

9 Genetic differentiation of endangered Austrian goat breeds using molecular genetic markers F. FISCHERLEITNER 1 and R. BAUMUNG 2 1 Institute of organic farming and farm animal biodiversity, Wels HBLFA Raumberg-Gumpenstein 2 Department of sustainable agricultural systems BOKU, Vienna Conservation of old varieties and breeds as a part of Austrian agro-biodiversity has been an issue in the Austrian Program for Ecological and Sustainable Agriculture (ÖPUL) since In 2007 a new program (RD Rural Development 2007) will be launched. This program will last until According to the Council Regulation (EC)1257/1999 the program for conservation of genetic resources is co-financed by the EC. The conservation of Austrian rare endangered breeds currently 27 breeds (Table 1) and probably 30 breeds in the program RD is linked to a special Austrian gene conservation program. Official acknowledgement as an endangered breed, registration in a herdbook and the participation in the gene conservation program are essential basics for supporting conservation actions. Endangered livestock breeds in Austria Endangered breeds Gefährdete Rassen stock farms Cattle Rinder The Original Austrian Brown Cattle Original Braunvieh he The Original Pinzgau Cattle Original Pinzgauer e The Tyrolean Grey Cattle Tiroler Grauvieh e The Waldviertel Blond Cattle Waldviertler Blondvieh he The Carinthian Blond Cattle Kärntner Blondvieh he The Tux-Zillertal Cattle Tux-Zillertaler he The Pustertal Spotted Cattle Pustertaler Sprintzen he The Murboden Cattle Murbodner he The Ennstal Pied Cattle Ennstaler Bergschecken he Sheep Schafe The Carinthian Brillen Sheep Kärntner Brillenschaf he The Brown Mountain Sheep Braunes Bergschaf e The Tyrolean Stone Sheep Tiroler Steinschaf e The Krainer Stone Sheep Krainer Steinschaf he The Forest Sheep Waldschaf he The Alpine Stone Sheep Alpines Steinschaf he The Montafon Stone Sheep Montafoner Steinschaf he The Hungarian Racka Sheep Zackelschaf he Goats Ziegen The Chamois Alpine Goat Gemsfärbige Gebirgsziege e The Pinzgau Goat Pinzgauer Ziege he The Tauern Pied Goat Tauernschecken Ziege he The Styrian Pied Goat Steirische Scheckenziege he 40 4 The Austrian Peacock Goat Österreichische Pfauenziege he The Austrian Striped Goat Pinzgauer Strahlenziege he 36 4 Horses Pferde The Austrian Draught Horse - Noriker Österreichischer Noriker e The Old Austrian Warmblood Horse Altösterreichisches Warmblut he The Lipitsan Horse Lipizzaner e The Shagya Arabian Horse Shagya Araber he The Huzulen Horse Alt-Österreichische Huzulen he Pigs Schweine The Mangalitza Pig Mangalitza he The Turopolje Pig Turopolje he total Summe Source: ÖNGENE, AMA e= endangered he = high endangered Tab. 1 Endangered livestock breeds in Austria 1

10 The core of the gene conservation program is a system of planned mating to minimize the rate of inbreeding and therefore to conserve the genetic diversity within breeds. Mating plans are based on pedigree information aiming to produce offspring with relatively low inbreeding coefficients. Other main items of the gene conservation program are to provide as many sires as possible, which should be as unrelated as possible, and the building of a comprehensive gene bank (Fig. 1) Austrian programme for conservation of rare breeds In situ conservation on farms Conservation genetic diversity 1. Definition of breeds and level of endangering 21 breeds high endangered; 7 breeds endangered 2. Mating programme Conservation of genetic diversity selective mating Minimization of inbreeding obligatory! Breeding and mating use of a great number of sires 3. Ancestry control for every sire (obligatory) 4. Ex situ conservation (gene bank) 5. Subsidies Fig. 1 Gene conservation programme 2000 As sheep and goat breeds as well as some cattle breeds show only slight phenotypic differences the ÖNGENE has initiated and funded several research projects on genetic diversity of rare breeds. In September 2004 I had the pleasure to present a genetic diversity study of rare Austrian sheep breeds at the EAAP-Workshop Animal Genetic Resources. I may repeat briefly some of our results. In that project we estimated genetic distances between11 sheep breeds, 7 of them endangered Austrian breeds, using 25 microsatellite loci and we were able to show clear genetic differences between all 11 breeds. The shortest distance existed between Alpine Stone Sheep and Forest Sheep. Former crossbreeding between these two breeds was already known. In the so-called Stone Sheep Group (Alpine Stone Sheep, Montafon Stone Sheep, Krainer Stone Sheep and Tyrolean Stone Sheep) the Montafon Stone Sheep showed the longest distance to the other breeds. Therefore the Montafon Stone Sheep was 2

11 0.01 acknowledged as an independent rare and endangered breed in Austria. Further more than 90% of the individual animals could be assigned correctly to their respective breeds. (Fig. 2) Reconstructed phylogenetic distance tree of sheep breeds 11 breeds, 717 individuals, 21 mikrosatellite-loci Jura Sheep JURA TEX Texel Sheep Krainer KR STEIN Stone Sheep Hungarian Racka Sheep ZACK WALD Forest Sheep Montafon Stone MONTSheep BERG Tyrolean A STEIN BR BERG K BRILLE T STEIN Mountain Sheep Carinthian Brillen Sheep Tyrolean Stone Sheep Alpine Stone Sheep Brown Mountain Sheep Fig. 2 Reconstructed phylogenetic tree for 11 populations based on the distance matrix with Nei s minimum distance employing the Neighbour-Joining -method. Bootstrap-values from 100 samples over loci. Based on the useful results from the sheep project the ÖNGENE initiated a similar project with rare Austrian goat breeds. I am happy to present these results to you today. Introduction Several goat breeds of acknowledged endangered status whose conservation is subsidized exist. in Austria. Those are: - Chamois Alpine Goat - Tauern Pied Goat - Pinzgau Goat - Styrian Pied Goat Several breeders wanted to include the meanwhile native breeds Austrian Peacock Goat and Austrian Striped Goat in the coming conservation program 2007 to (Fig. 3) 3

12 Investigated Austrian goat breeds endangered: up to now Chamois Alpine Goat Pinzgau Goat StyrianPiedGoat Tauern Pied Goat endangered: 2007 Austrian Striped Goat Austrian Peacock Goat not endangered: but phenotypic similarities German Improved Fawn Goat Fig. 3 Investigated goat breeds Further the German Improved Fawn Goat, an established but not endangered breed was entered into the project because of a phenotypic resemblance to the Pinzgau Goat and the Chamois Alpine Goat. The main goal of the project was to investigate genetic similarities and differences between goat breeds aiming to ensure that only such breeds are defined as separate units which deserve special conservation promotion. Our results provide the basis for decisions which closely related breeds might be combined in case of severe bottlenecks. Further the possibility of a correct assignment of single individuals to a breed according to their marker genotypes is investigated. This might be of interest for phenotypically suitable individuals where no pedigree information is available Materials and Methods 60 tissue samples were collected from each of the 7 investigated goat breeds. 26 microsatellite loci (recommended by FAO) were typed for each sample at molecular genetic labs in Vienna and Madrid. Data were analysed at the Department for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, BOKU Vienna. Statistical analysis was done in 3 parts: 1. Qualitative evaluation of microsatellite loci 2. Estimation of genetic distances between the investigated breeds 3. Correct assignment of individuals to their breed 4

13 Results 1. Data collection and data quality In table 2 an overview on the number of investigated samples and breeds is given. In total 377 samples of 7 Austrian goat breeds were analysed for 26 gene loci lasting total 278 animals where at least 14 loci were typed successfully could be entered into the statistic computations. Number of analysed samples (N) and number of usable samples with at least 14 successfully typed loci breed German Improved Fawn Goat Chamois Alpine Goat Austrian Peacock Goat Pinzgau Goat Austrian Striped Goat Styrian Pied Goat Tauern Pied Goat total N Nv Tab. 2 Number of analysed samples (N) and number of usable samples with at least 14 successfully typed loci (Nv). 2. Genetic distances and genetic distance tree Following the theory of classical population-genetics a population or breed is defined by the frequency of alleles (frequency of gene variations). After recording of the allele frequencies the genetic distances based on the allele frequencies can be calculated with several methods. In this study Nei s minimum distance (NEI, 1987) and Reynold s distance (REYNOLDS, 1983) were used. Both methods yielded similar results (Table 3) 5

14 Nei s minimum genetic distance (1972) (lower triangle) and Reynolds distance (1983) (upper triangle) German Improved Fawn G. Chamois Alpine G. Austrian Peacock G. Pinzgau Goat Austrian Striped G. Styrian Pied G. Tauern Pied G. G. Improved Fawn G. 0,02 0,04 0,07 0,08 Chamois Alpine Goat 0,02 0,04 0,07 0,03 0,08 Austrian Peacock G. 0,07 0,10 Pinzgau Goat 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,08 Austrian Striped Goat 0,07 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,13 Styrian Pied Goat 0,04 0,03 0,03 0,06 0,07 Tauern Pied Goat 0,06 0,06 0,08 0,06 0,11 Table 3: Nei s minimum genetic distance below the diagonal and Reynold s distance above the diagonal Based on the above matrix of genetic distances phylogenetic trees were reconstructed employing the Neighbour-Joining method to visualize genetic relations between the breeds. Reconstructed phylogenetic distance tree for goat breeds 7 breeds, 278 individuals, 22 mikrosatellite loci Tauern Pied Goat Pinzgau Goat Austrian Striped Goat Austrian Peacock Goat 0.01 Styrian Pied Goat Chamois Alpine Goat German Improved Fawn Goat Fig. 4 Reconstructed phylogenetic tree for the 7 populations based on the distance matrix with Nei s minimum distance employing the Neighbour-Joining method. Bootstrap values of 100 random samples over loci. 6

15 The smallest genetic distance was found between German Improved Fawn Goat and Chamois Alpine goat. It is well known that crossbreeding between these two breeds was performed before the start of the gene conservation program in Since then clearly separated breeding programmes were carried out. The longest genetic distance was found between the Tauern Pied Goat and the Austrian Striped Goat. The long distance of the Tauern Pied goat shows a long breeding history independent from other breeds. The large distance of the Austrian Striped Goat seems to stem from the too small random sample and and is therefore not of statistic relevance. Different sizes of random samples may bias genetic distances and small random samples are able to make genetic distances look longer. This could be shown in simulation studies (SIMIANER, 2002). 3. Assignment of individual animals It was tested how well single individuals based on their marker genotypes could be assigned to a population respectively to their breed. According to BAUMUNG and SÖLKNER (2002) the correct allocation was calculated following the Maximum-Likelihood method based on the Sentence of Bayes. With special calculation programs the probability of allocation can be expressed in percent respectively the part of the most probable assignments can be calculated. Of the 278 analysed goats 226 animals (81%) could be assigned with highest probability and 263 animals (95%) significantly to their own breed. The unfavourable results for the German Improved Fawn Goat confirm the known crossing with other breeds (Table 4). 7

16 Absolute number and percentage of correctly assigned animals based on 22 micro-satellite loci breed German Improved Fawn Goat Chamois Alpine Goat Austrian Peacock Goat Pinzgau Goat Austrian Striped Goat StyrianPiedGoat Tauern Pied Goat Number of animals Percentage of most probable assignments % Tab. 4 Absolute number and percentage of correctly assigned animals based on 22 microsatellite loci The correct assignment of individual animals to a breed is of growing importance as in the founding of breeding herds phenotypical similar animals are entered into the herdbook after genetic determination (found animals) and may participate in the conservation breeding program. Summary In the course of genotype analyses of endangered Austrian goat breeds the genetic individuality of each breed was confirmed. This is the basis for the acknowledgement as an endangered conservable breed. 26 micro-satellite markers were used in the investigation. 4 microsatellite markers had to be discarded from the analysis because of significant deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Based on 22 microsatellites the following statements were made: 1. All 7 breeds show significant differences in the frequencies of alleles and can be defined as individual breeds (exception: Austrian Striped Goat random sample too small) 2. The former crossings between German Improved Fawn Goat and Chamois Alpine Goat could be confirmed. 3. The phenotypically similar breeds Tauern Pied Goat and Styrian Pied Goat as well as Pinzgau Goat and Chamois Alpine Goat show distinct differences in allele and genotype frequencies. 8

17 Based on the reliable results of the genetic differentiation of Austrian sheep and goat breeds presently a project on genetic differentiation of rare Austrian solid coloured cattle breeds is realised. This project includes the Hungarian Grey Cattle. I am looking forward to presenting the results to you in the years to come. Literature BAUMUNG, R. und SÖLKNER, J. (2002): Genetische Differenzierung von Schafrassen im Ostalpenraum. Report to the Austrian National Association for Gene Reserves. BAUMUNG, R. und MÜLLER M. (2004): Genetische Differenzierung von Ziegenrassen in Österreich. Report to the Austrian National Association for Gene Reserves. BAUMUNG, R. und FISCHERLEITNER, F. (2005): Genetische Differenzierung von Ziegenrassen in Österreich. Proceedings 2. Fachtagung für Ziegenhaltung an der HBLFA Raumberg- Gumpenstein. NEI, M. (1987): Molecular evolutionary genetics. New York. Colubia University press. REYNOLDS, J. (1983): Estimation of the coancestry coefficient basis for a short term genetic distance. Genetics 105, SIMIANER, H. (2002) Molekulargenetische Differenzierung verschiedener Rotviehpopu- lationen. Schriftenreihe des Bundesministeriums für Verbraucherschutz, Ernährung und Landwirtschaft 493, Landwirtschaftsverlag GmbH. Münster-Hiltrup. 9