Current Weed Control strategies in sorghum I

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2 Current Weed Control strategies in sorghum I In Pre-planting/pre-emergence chemichal fallow use of seed safeners residual herbicides efficacy uncertain high dependency on rains

3 Current Weed Control strategies in sorghum II In Post-emergency parcial control of broad leaf weeds non existence of graminicides Diagnostic Almost nothing to do with weeds!!!

4 Usual failures in weed control in Sorghum I

5 Usual failures in weed control in Sorghum II

6 Usual failures in weed control in Sorghum III

7 How to Maximize Advanta s Competitive Genetic Gain Thailand October 2007 Argentina Sorghum R&D Team Argentina Sorghum Breeding Program New technologies for a new sorghum crop Non transgenic herbicides resistance Mutagenic Program started

8 Grain Mutagenesis Program started on elite lines (BG) First selections M3 First introgression crosses Active ingredients & dosis. Genetic characterization & heritability Gene secquencing & Gene mapping in Mol Lab. Grain & biomass Yield drag field trials

9 M3 generation resistant mutation Summer 2008/09, Venado Tuerto, Argentina - one of thousands rows

10 Mol Lab: mutation sequencing /align 1 SbAHAS-F1 Start Codon ADV-IMI-R (1) (1) GTGCCCCCGCCCCAAACCCTCGCGCCGCCTCCGAGACAGCCGCCGCAACCATGGCCACCACCGCCGCCGCCGCTGCCGCCGCGCTAGCCGGCGCCACTAC ADV-IMI-R (1) (101) CGCTGCGCCCAAGGCGAGGCGCCGGGCGCACCTCCTGGCCGCACGGCGCGCCCTCGCCGCGCCCATCAGGTGCTCAGCGGCGCCACCCGCCACGCTGACG 201 SbAHAS-F ADV-IMI-R (1) TCGAGGCTCTTGAGCGCTGCGGCGTCC (201) GTGACGGCTCCCCCGGCCACCCCGCTCCGGCCGTGGGGCCCCACCGATCCCCGCAAGGGCGCCGACATCCTCGTCGAGGCTCTTGAGCGCTGCGGCGTCC G A 400 ADV-IMI-R (28) GCGACGTCTTCGCCTACCCCGGCGGCACGTCCATGGAGATCCACCAGGCACTCACCCGTTCCCCCGTCATCGCCAACCACCTCTTCCGCCACGAGCAAGG (301) GCGACGTCTTCGCCTACCCCGGCGGCGCGTCCATGGAGATCCACCAGGCACTCACCCGTTCCCCCGTCATCGCCAACCACCTCTTCCGCCACGAGCAAGG ADV-IMI-R (128) GGAGGCCTTCGCCGCCTCTGGCTTCGCGCGCTCCTCGGGCCGCGTCGGCGTCTGCGTCGCCACCTCCGGCCCCGGCGCCACCAACCTAGTCTCCGCGCTC (401) GGAGGCCTTCGCCGCCTCTGGCTTCGCGCGCTCCTCGGGCCGCGTCGGCGTCTGCGTCGCCACCTCCGGCCCCGGCGCCACCAACCTAGTCTCCGCGCTC SbAHAS-F2 SbAHAS-R1 600 ADV-IMI-R (228) GCCGACGCGCTGCTCGACTCCGTCCCCATGGTCGCCATCACGGGACAGGTTCCGCGGCGCATGATTGGCACCGACGCCTTCCAGGAGACGCCCATCGTCG (501) GCCGACGCGCTGCTCGACTCCGTCCCCATGGTCGCCATCACGGGACAGGTTCCGCGGCGCATGATTGGCACCGACGCCTTCCAGGAGACGCCCATCGTCG ADV-IMI-R (328) AGGTCACCCGCTCCATCACCAAACATAACTACCTGGTCCTCGACGTCGACGACATCCCCCGCGTCGTGCAGGAGGCTTTCTTCCTCGCCTCCTCCGGTCG (601) AGGTCACCCGCTCCATCACCAAACATAACTACCTGGTCCTCGACGTCGACGACATCCCCCGCGTCGTGCAGGAGGCTTTCTTCCTCGCCTCCTCCGGTCG ADV-IMI-R (428) CCCGGGACCGGTGCTTGTCGACATCCCCAAGGACATCCAGCAGCAGATGGCCGTGCCGGTCTGGGACACGCCCATGAGTCTGCCTGGGTACATTGCGCGC (701) CCCGGGACCGGTGCTTGTCGACATCCCCAAGGACATCCAGCAGCAGATGGCCGTGCCGGTCTGGGACACGCCCATGAGTCTGCCTGGGTACATTGCGCGC ADV-IMI-R (528) CTTCCCAAGCCTCCTGCGACTGAATTGCTTGAGCAGGTGCTGCGTCTTGTTGGTGAATCAAGGCGCCCTGTTCTTTATGTTGGTGGTGGCTGCGCAGCAT (801) CTTCCCAAGCCTCCTGCGACTGAATTGCTTGAGCAGGTGCTGCGTCTTGTTGGTGAATCAAGGCGCCCTGTTCTTTATGTTGGTGGTGGCTGCGCAGCAT ADV-IMI-R (628) CTGGCGAGGAGTTGCGCCGCTTTGTGGAGATGACTGGAATCCCAGTCACAACTACTCTTATGGGCCTTGGCAATTTCCCTGGCGACGACCCACTGTCTCT (901) CTGGCGAGGAGTTGCGCCGCTTTGTGGAGATGACTGGAATCCCAGTCACAACTACTCTTATGGGCCTTGGCAATTTCCCTGGCGACGACCCACTGTCTCT SbAHAS-F3 SbAHAS-R ADV-IMI-R (728) GCGCATGCTTGGTATGCATGGCACGGTGTATGCAAATTATGCAGTGGATAAGGCGGATCTGTTGCTTGCATTTGGTGTGCGGTTTGATGATCGTGTGACA (1001) GCGCATGCTTGGTATGCATGGCACGGTGTATGCAAATTATGCAGTGGATAAGGCGGATCTGTTGCTTGCATTTGGTGTGCGGTTTGATGATCGTGTGACA ADV-IMI-R (828) GGGAAGATTGAGGCTTTTGCAAGCAGGGCTAAGATTGTGCACATTGATATTGATCCCGCTGAGATTGGCAAGAACAAGCAGCCACATGTGTCCATCTGTG (1101) GGGAAGATTGAGGCTTTTGCAAGCAGGGCTAAGATTGTGCACATTGATATTGATCCCGCTGAGATTGGCAAGAACAAGCAGCCACATGTGTCCATCTGTG ADV-IMI-R (928) CAGACGTTAAGCTTGCTTTGCAGGGCATGAATGCTCTTCTGGAAGGAAGCACATCAAAGAAGAGCTTTGACTTTGGCTCATGGCAAGCTGAGTTGGATCA (1201) CAGACGTTAAGCTTGCTTTGCAGGGCATGAATGCTCTTCTGGAAGGAAGCACATCAAAGAAGAGCTTTGACTTTGGCTCATGGCAAGCTGAGTTGGATCA ADV-IMI-R (1028) GCAGAAGAGAGAGTTCCCCCTTGGGTATAAAACTTTTGATGACGAGATCCAGCCACAATATGCTATTCAGGTTCTTGATGAGCTGACAAAAGGGGAGGCC (1301) GCAGAAGAGAGAGTTCCCCCTTGGGTATAAAACTTTTGATGACGAGATCCAGCCACAATATGCTATTCAGGTTCTTGATGAGCTGACAAAAGGGGAGGCC 1401 SbAHAS-F ADV-IMI-R (1128) ATCATTGCCACAGGTGTTGGGCAGCACCAGATGTGGGCGGCACAGTACTACACTTACAAGCGGCCAAGGCAGTGGTTGTCTTCAGCTGGTCTTGGGGCTA (1401) ATCATTGCCACAGGTGTTGGGCAGCACCAGATGTGGGCGGCACAGTACTACACTTACAAGCGGCCAAGGCAGTGGTTGTCTTCAGCTGGTCTTGGGGCTA 1501 SbAHAS-R ADV-IMI-R (1228) TGGGATTTGGTTTGCCGGCTGCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGTGGCCAACCCAGGTATCACTGTTGTTGACATCGACGGAGATGGTAGCTTCCTCATGAACATTCA (1501) TGGGATTTGGTTTGCCGGCTGCTGCTGGCGCTGCTGTGGCCAACCCAGGTATCACTGTTGTTGACATCGACGGAGATGGTAGCTTCCTCATGAACATTCA 1601 SbAHAS-F ADV-IMI-R (1328) GGAGCTAGCTATGATCCGAATTGAGAACCTCCCAGTGAAGGTCTTTGTGCTAAACAACCAGCACCTGGGGATGGTGGTGCAGTGGGAGGACAGGTTCTAT (1601) GGAGCTAGCTATGATCCGAATTGAGAACCTCCCAGTGAAGGTCTTTGTGCTAAACAACCAGCACCTGGGGATGGTGGTGCAGTGGGAGGACAGGTTCTAT ADV-IMI-R (1428) AAGGCCAATAGAGCACACACATACTTGGGAAACCCAGAGAATGAAAGTGAGATATATCCAGATTTCGTGACAATTGCCAAAGGGTTCAACATTCCAGCAG (1701) AAGGCCAATAGAGCACACACATACTTGGGAAACCCAGAGAATGAAAGTGAGATATATCCAGATTTCGTGACAATTGCCAAAGGGTTCAACATTCCAGCAG ADV-IMI-R (1528) TCCGTGTGACAAAGAAGAGCGAAGTCCATGCAGCAATCAAGAAGATGCTTGAGACTCCAGGGCCATACCTCTTGGATATAATCGTCCCGCACCAGGAGCA (1801) TCCGTGTGACAAAGAAGAGCGAAGTCCATGCAGCAATCAAGAAGATGCTTGAGACTCCAGGGCCATACCTCTTGGATATAATCGTCCCGCACCAGGAGCA 1901 SbAHAS-R4 Stop Codon 2000 ADV-IMI-R (1628) TGTGTTGCCTATGATCCCTAGTGGTGGGGCTTTCAAGGATATGATCCTGGATGGTGATGGCAGGACTGTGTATTGATCTAAATTTCAGCATGCACATCTC (1901) TGTGTTGCCTATGATCCCTAGTGGTGGGGCTTTCAAGGATATGATCCTGGATGGTGATGGCAGGACTGTGTATTGATCTAAATTTCAGCATGCACATCTC ADV-IMI-R (1728) CCTGCCTTTCTTTGACATGCATATGAGCTGGTACAAGGGTGATGTGTTATTTATGTGATGTTCTCCTGTGTTCTATCTTTTTGTAAGCCGTCAGCTATCT (2001) CCTGCCTTTCTTTGACATGCATATGAGCTGGTACAAGGGTGATGTGTTATTTATGTGATGTTCTCCTGTGTTCTATCTTTTTGTAAGCCGTCAGCTATCT ADV-IMI-R (1828) ATAGTGTGCTTGTTTGATGTACTCTGTTATGGTAATCTTAAGTAGTTTCCTACCTTGTAGTGGTGTAGTCTGTTGTTTCGTGCTGGCATATCTGTCATCA (2101) ATAGTGTGCTTGTTTGATGTACTCTGTTATGGTAATCTTAAGTAGTTTCCTACCTTGTAGTGGTGTAGTCTGTTGTTTCGTGCTGGCATATCTGTCATCA 2201 SbAHAS-R ADV-IMI-R (1928) GAGGTCATGTAAGTGCCTTTTGCTACAGATAAATAAGGAAATAAGCATTGCTATGCAGTGGTTCTGTACGCCTC (2201) GAGGTCATGTAAGTGCCTTTTGCTACAGATAAATAAGGAAATAAGCATTGCTATGCAGTGGTTCTGTACGCCTC

11 Mol Lab: protein comparisons ATH (1) MAAATTTTTTSSSISFSTKPSPSSSKSPLPISRFSLPFSLNPNKSSSSSRRRGIKSSSPSSISAVLNTTTNVTTTPSPTKPTKPETFISRFAPDQPRKGA (1) --MATTAAAAAAALAGATTAAP KARRRAHLLAARRALAAPIRCSAAPPATLTVTAP--PATPLRPWGPTDPRKGA ADV-IMI-R (1) --MATTAAAAAAALAGATTAAP KARRRAHLLAARRALAAPIRCSAAPPATLTVTAP--PATPLRPWGPTDPRKGA 101 cd122 (Ala122Tyr) 200 ATH (101) DILVEALERQGVETVFAYPGGASMEIHQALTRSSSIRNVLPRHEQGGVFAAEGYARSSGKPGICIATSGPGATNLVSGLADALLDSVPLVAITGQVPRRM (72) DILVEALERCGVRDVFAYPGGASMEIHQALTRSPVIANHLFRHEQGEAFAASGFARSSGRVGVCVATSGPGATNLVSALADALLDSVPMVAITGQVPRRM ADV-IMI-R (72) DILVEALERCGVRDVFAYPGGTSMEIHQALTRSPVIANHLFRHEQGEAFAASGFARSSGRVGVCVATSGPGATNLVSALADALLDSVPMVAITGQVPRRM ATH (201) IGTDAFQETPIVEVTRSITKHNYLVMDVEDIPRIIEEAFFLATSGRPGPVLVDVPKDIQQQLAIPNWEQAMRLPGYMSRMPKPPEDSHLEQIVRLISESK (172) IGTDAFQETPIVEVTRSITKHNYLVLDVDDIPRVVQEAFFLASSGRPGPVLVDIPKDIQQQMAVPVWDTPMSLPGYIARLPKPPATELLEQVLRLVGESR ADV-IMI-R (172) IGTDAFQETPIVEVTRSITKHNYLVLDVDDIPRVVQEAFFLASSGRPGPVLVDIPKDIQQQMAVPVWDTPMSLPGYIARLPKPPATELLEQVLRLVGESR ATH (301) KPVLYVGGGCLNSSDELGRFVELTGIPVASTLMGLGSYPCDDELSLHMLGMHGTVYANYAVEHSDLLLAFGVRFDDRVTGKLEAFASRAKIVHIDIDSAE (272) RPVLYVGGGCAASGEELRRFVEMTGIPVTTTLMGLGNFPGDDPLSLRMLGMHGTVYANYAVDKADLLLAFGVRFDDRVTGKIEAFASRAKIVHIDIDPAE ADV-IMI-R (272) RPVLYVGGGCAASGEELRRFVEMTGIPVTTTLMGLGNFPGDDPLSLRMLGMHGTVYANYAVDKADLLLAFGVRFDDRVTGKIEAFASRAKIVHIDIDPAE ATH (401) IGKNKTPHVSVCGDVKLALQGMNKVLENRAEELKLDFGVWRNELNVQKQKFPLSFKTFGEAIPPQYAIKVLDELTDGKAIISTGVGQHQMWAAQFYNYKK (372) IGKNKQPHVSICADVKLALQGMNALLEGSTSKKSFDFGSWQAELDQQKREFPLGYKTFDDEIQPQYAIQVLDELTKGEAIIATGVGQHQMWAAQYYTYKR ADV-IMI-R (372) IGKNKQPHVSICADVKLALQGMNALLEGSTSKKSFDFGSWQAELDQQKREFPLGYKTFDDEIQPQYAIQVLDELTKGEAIIATGVGQHQMWAAQYYTYKR 501 cd562 cd ATH (501) PRQWLSSGGLGAMGFGLPAAIGASVANPDAIVVDIDGDGSFIMNVQELATIRVENLPVKVLLLNNQHLGMVMQWEDRFYKANRAHTFLGDPAQEDEIFPN (472) PRQWLSSAGLGAMGFGLPAAAGAAVANPGITVVDIDGDGSFLMNIQELAMIRIENLPVKVFVLNNQHLGMVVQWEDRFYKANRAHTYLGNPENESEIYPD ADV-IMI-R (472) PRQWLSSAGLGAMGFGLPAAAGAAVANPGITVVDIDGDGSFLMNIQELAMIRIENLPVKVFVLNNQHLGMVVQWEDRFYKANRAHTYLGNPENESEIYPD ATH (601) MLLFAAACGIPAARVTKKADLREAIQTMLDTPGPYLLDVICPHQEHVLPMIPSGGTFNDVITEGDGRIKY (572) FVTIAKGFNIPAVRVTKKSEVHAAIKKMLETPGPYLLDIIVPHQEHVLPMIPSGGAFKDMILDGDGRTVY ADV-IMI-R (572) FVTIAKGFNIPAVRVTKKSEVHAAIKKMLETPGPYLLDIIVPHQEHVLPMIPSGGAFKDMILDGDGRTVY

12 Field trials I: weed control effectiveness

13 Field trials II: imi herbicide tolerance

14 Field trials III: grain/biomass yield penalties

15 Grain yield [tn/ha] Yield drag I: isohybrids imi-non imi grain yield no sprayed R1 R2 R3 S

16 Grain yield [tn/ha] Yield drag II: isohybrids imi grain yield sprayed no sprayed R S R R R R R R R R R R R S R R R R R R R R R R CONTROL H1 H1 H2 H2 H3 H3 H4 H4 H5 H5 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x

17 Dry matter +_ SD [tn/ha] Yield drag I: isohybrids biomass dry matter yield R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S R1 R2 R3 S CONTROL H1 H1 H2 H2 H3 H3 H4 H4 H5 H5 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x 1x 2x

18 Tech to allow expressing yield potential

19 Tech to allow expressing yield potential

20 Igrowth Technology main features: Non transgenic Specific mutation: no tolerance to sulfonylurea and so controlled by sulfonylureas Recessive trait: homocigocity needed Mutacion has no impact in yield neither grain nor dry matter with or without herbicide application Post emergence alternative: unique Safe technology very well known by farmers

21 Part of the team responsible for success

22 THANK YOU