RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa. PaK 1. ebg ehg. qñam c Gdæs½k BuT skrac 2550 RKwsþskraC

RksYgGb;rM yuvcn nigkila RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCa Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt PaK 1 ebg ehg qñam c Gdæs½k BuT skrac 2550 RKwsþskraC 2006-1 -

UGarmÖkfa skmμpabblkmμepñkxyrk,al nig rubragkayrbs;mnussexμr KWCavb,Fm rbs;catiexμr. bbaða vb,fm TUeTACabBaðasMxan;mYy EdlqøúHbBa amgnuvcmenhdwgtueta ( La Connaissance Générale ) srmab;kunexμr EdlRtUvEtsikSaEsVgyl; BIeRBaHvaCatémøminGackat;éfø)anrbs;RBlwgCatiExμr nigrbcacnkm<úcaeyig. RbeTskm<úCa CaRbeTsmYy Edlsm,ÚN etaedayr)agár)asatsilapusecjbiérbrbwksaesþirbas ebjrbets. TMhMRTBüsm,tþid¾FMeFgenH )anefvi[km<úcal,isuhsay CaehtuTak;TajGñkR)aCJ nig Gñk etscrn_cg;mktssnarbetsenh. sm,tþid¾éføføaenh BitCaekItecjBIsñaédd¾Bisidærbs;dUntaeyIg Edl)an ksagtukcaekrþ mrt k dl;kunecacmnan;erkay minemnekiteligedaygpiniharrbs;gatietbeliy. rubggárvtþ RtUv)anpþitCab;nwgTg;Catirbs;Exμr CanimμitrUbénPaBrugerOgnasm½ymhanKrtMNag[ karrikcerminxagvis½ysßabtükmμexμrburan CakBa k;qøúhbba amgnuvcivpabrs;enarbs;bubvbursexμr RBmTaMgkar vivtþepsg² énrbvtþisa sþ. epþimecjbikarsáal;mnussexμr RbPBlkçN³CatiExμr efvi[cncatienhmantwkcitþ esñhacati esñhatwkdi nigrbébni TMenomTMlab;d¾l rbs;xøün EdlCaCnCatiFøab;manGarüFm x<g;x<s; ekrþ eqμahl,il,ajnasm½ykalmhankr K>s { 802-1432 }. qøgtambtbiesafn_knøgmk kñúgkarrsavrcav nigbergonelimuxvic avb,fm GriyFm Exμr yl;fa karsiksamuxvic aenh KWCakarcaM)ac;Nas; cmebahsiss nissit Edlmñak;² RtUvsÁal;xøÜnÉg[)anc,as; sáal;gvi² EdlCarbs;CatiExμr enahetibgacrksa)annuvgtþsbaøancatixøün karbar[)anrwgmam nigqanetaksagrbets Cati[)anrIkceRmInya:gqab;rh½s. ebiexμrmñak;² BMusÁal;xøÜnÉg BMusÁal;vb,Fm GriyFm rbs;xøünc,as;las; etenah GacQaneTArkkarrlMrlayCati. eyigenaetmansgçwmfa { ExμrminsabsUnü } duccaepøgcatielik eligfa { CatiExμrdUcfμ rwgbuwgcmhr>>>>>>}. GaRs½yehtuenH ExμrRKb;rUbRtUvPJak;rlwkvilmkKiterOgCati ehiyminrtuvbenþtbenþayepøcxøün [RBlwgCatirlay)at;bg;eLIy. )atsgçwmjjwmtukcamun kñúgbmngrg;camcanic nuvkmnitrihkn;cyy sßabnabismnak;rbhggám as; Gñk GgÁm as; Ék]tþm elakcmtav Gs;elak elakrsi edaykþisgçwmrbkbedaytwkcitþesamnssrikraycatibmput. sumgrrbhkun niggrkun PñMeBj> efvienaéf TI 01 Ex mifuna qñam 2006 sa sþacarügksrsa sþ EpñkGriyFm Exμr ebg ehg - 2 -

esckþiepþim RKb;Catisasn_enAelIelakeyIgenH sut Etmanvb,Fm GriyFm CamUldæan srmab;rtrtg;rbets Catirbs;eKerog²xøÜn. edaysarblkmμxagxyrk,al nigxagrubkayrbs;mnussefvi[mankarvivtþrbmtamgrik cermin\tqb;qr. RbeTsNamankarrIkcMerInxøaMg eketgniyayfavb,fm GriyFm rbs;rbetsenahx<g; x<s; b ekeha { GarüRbeTs }. CnCatiExμrKWCaCnCatimYyrs;enAelITwkdIrbs;xøÜn )anksagexonvb,fm GriyFm tamgbism½y én karkekittwkdimkemøh. Rbvtþisa sþ)anbba ak;fa CnCatiExμr)anksagvb,Fm GriyFm rbs;xøünx<s;rtedt ehiyl,il,ajbasebjsklelaknasm½ymhankr eblenahexμr)ankøayetacamhagmnacmyyya:gfm ena PUmiPaKGasIuGaeKñy_. GaRs½yehtuenH ExμrRKb;rUbKYrKb,IxMEsVgyl;vb,Fm GriyFm Catirbs;xøÜn[)anc,as; munnwg QaneTAsÁal;vb,Fm GriyFm Catisasn_déTeTot. sáal;vb,fm GriyFm CatixøÜn KWsÁal;RbPBlkçN³rbs; Cati RBmTaMgsÁal;témøBiessénvb,Fm GriyFm tamgbism½yburan edim,iqøúhbba amgnuvfatuskmμ niggskmμ rbs;emgfagvb,fm GriyFm Edlmanknøgmk. erkaybikaryl;dwgbitémøvb,fm GriyFm nigfatuepsg² Edlman\T ibletaelivb,fm GriyFm enahehiy nam[eyigmanematnpabqanetasáal;catirbs;xøün sáal; TwkdI sáal;karvivtþ rbs;sgámcati ehiyekatsresirsñaédduntaeyig Edl)anbnSl;TuknUvekrþ dmenlsm,tþi vb,fm GriyFm TMenom TMlab; RbéBNId¾l RbéB srmab;kunexμrcmnan;erkay. TnÞwmnwgkarsÁal;témøCati ematnpabcatirycmk eyigminrtuvbnþabvb,fm GriyFm Catisasn_ détetotedr BIeRBaHlkçN³sßitesßrrbs;CatinImYy²EtgEtman ehiytmnak;tmnggriyfm Cati niggriyfm brets vacaplrymqanetarkkarrikcermin. curexμrrkb;rub xitxmrksakarbarexonvb,fm GriyFm Cati[)anKg;vgS nigrikcmerin. { vb,fm rlt;catirlay vb,fm BNÑray CatiefáIgfáan } - 3 -

1> cmenhdwg ekalbmng bnþúhmenaseba tna [echefrksakarbarnuvgvi² EdlCarbs;Cati mrtkvb,fm Cati ebalkw vb,fm GriyFm d¾rugerogrbs;bubvbursedl)anbnsl;tuk[. sáal;c,as;nuvrbpblkçn³énvb,fm GriyFm xøün RKb;\riyabf edk edir Qr GgÁúy TMenom TMlab;RbéBNI CMenOsasna sil,³>>>>>rbs;cati. 2> cmenhefvi echécñrbditnuvgvi² EdlminEmnCarbs;;CatixøÜn[eTACarbs;CatixøÜn { CatUbnIykmμ } Rsbtam dygrblwgcati. psarp ab;cmenhdwgtuetasþibivb,fm Cati GnþrCati rymcamyynwgmuxvic aéketspþal;xøün edim,ielik km<s;kunpabgb;rm tamepnkarrbs;cati. niymerbir)as;nuvgvi² EdlCarbs;Cati nigpsbvpsay EfrkSa karbar nigeliktemáignuvgvi² Edl Carbs;Cati. 3> \riyabf sáal;katbvkic nigsv½ygb;rmxøün[køaycabrdæl manmnsikarkñúgrbrvic aciv³ tamsmμacieva. sáal;rbmednénsit i nigc,ab; krniykic nigkarttylxusrtuv edim,iecosvagkarrmelapsit i. mansamkáipabl RsLaj;yutþiFm nigrslaj;mnusscatitueta. mantmnak;tmngl CamYyCati niggnþrcati minrbkan;bucsasn_ BN sm,úr CMenOsasna>>>>>>>. echefrksakarbarbrisßan. 4> cmenhechrs;enakñúgsgám echrs;enakñúgsgámcamyykña RsLaj;rab;GanKña ekarbsit ikña rksa)annuvvb,fm snþipab. echrs;enarbkbedaycriyafm KuNFm edim,irs;enakñúgesckþiéføfñúr. - 4 -

matikaerog TMB½r 1- RbeTskm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 5 2- vb,fm GriyFm Exμr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8 3- edimkmeniténbaküvb,fm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 10 4- n½yénbaküvb,fm nigemkfagrbs;vb,fm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 1 4 5- n½yénbaküsgámfm nigemkfagrbs;sgámfm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 15 6- TMnak;TMngrvagvb,Fm nigsgámfm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17 7- n½yénbakügriyfm nigemkfaggriyfm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 18 8- FatusMxan;² EdlsMerc[ekItmanvb,Fm GriyFm rbs;catimyy>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 20 9- TMnak;TMngGriyFm Exμr niggriyfm brets>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 22 10- edimkmenitcncatiexμr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 31 11- lkçn³biessrbs;griyfm Exμr >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 34 12- vb,fm GU sþúgasiu GasIuxagt,Úg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 34 13- GMBIsasna nigrbpbénsasnaenakm<úca>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 40 14- RBhμBaØsasna>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 41 11- lti irbahμn_kñúgsgámexμr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 61 15- RBHBuT sasna>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 71 16- BuT Rbvtþi >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 72 17- RTwsþIsMxan;²rbs;RBHBuT >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 75 18- GMBIBuT lt i >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 78 19- BuT Pav³ sux³ kñúgsasnarbahμn_ nigrbhbut sasna>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 85 20- RBHBuT sasna nigsgámexμr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 90-5 -

EpnTIsm½ymhanKr - 6 -

EpnTIRbeTskm<úCanaeBlbc úb,nñ épþdi ³ 181 035 KILÚEm:Rtkaer extþ-rkug ³ 24 GakasFatu ³ ekþa ehiyesim RbCaCn ³ 13 091 000 lannak; GegátRbCaCncenøaHCMerOnqñaM 2004 cmebahkarebgeckrduv RbeTskm<úCaEckecjCabIrdUv KWrdUvvsSa BIExmifuna dl;exkbaøa rduv rga BIExtuladl;Exmkra nigrduvr)amg BIExkumÖ³ dl;ex]spa. EtrdUvrgaenARbeTskm<úCaminRtCak;xøaMg duccaenarbetséetot²eliy. b:uenþgñkxøhekeckrduvenarbetskm<úcacabirrduvb:uenñah KWrdUvePøóg nigrduvekþa BIeRBaHRbCaCnkm<úCa GacRbkbrbrrksIueFVIERscmáar nigdmnamdamduhepsg² )anesþirrkb;rduv. RbeTskm<úCa CaRbeTsmYysßitenAPUmiPaKGasIuGaeKñy_ manrbmrbtl;cab;rbetsevotnam Lav éf nigqugsmurt EdlmaneqñrRbEvg 440 Km. manépþdi 181 035 KILÚEm:Rtkaer KWRbmaN 1¼3 én RbeTséf. mansitunðpabcamfümrbcamqñam 28/5 GgSa. RbeTskm<úCamanGMeNayplFmμCatiCaeRcIn ducca - 7 -

TenøsabKWCa)atsmuRTd¾eRCA nasm½yedim RtUvcak;bMeBjedaydIl,ab;énTenøemKgÁ manragca)at xþh ehiyk¾cacmrkrtitwksabpgedr. valtmnabknþal Edllatsn wgbitisbay½büetagaekñy_ sut swgcatmbn;edlmancicaticagmenay pl dl;ksikrrbkbmuxrbrksikmμ. CYrPñMenAxaglic xagecig nigx<g;rabeb:kxagekit CarnaMgkarBarxül;BüúH nigerkahmhnþray Edl bnþalmkbi)atuputfmμcatinana. kmeda nigsmeniméngakasfatu )angnuerkahdl;dmnamdamduh rukçcati nigcacmrkstvérb. RbeTskm<úCa CaRbeTsmYymanFnFanFmμCatiya:geRcIn EdlCaTunmYyEpñksRmab;eFVIkarGPivDÆ sgám Cati duccaer: érbeqi ]sμ½n enatamekahednsmurtmyycmnyn. - 8 -

siksavb,fm GriyFm Exμr eyigdwgehiyfa RbPBrbs;vb,Fm rbs;mnussekitecjbiblkmμ. BlkmμmanBIrKW BlkmμxYr k,al nigblkmμepñkrubragkay. BlkmμEpñkxYrk,al trmuv[rubragkayefviskmμpab b plitnuvgvi² sbv Ebbya:g edim,ibermi b bmebjtrmuvkarxagxyrk,al. kaledimeliymansut EtTwksmuRT bnþab;mketibmancyrpñmtamglay )anpusecjbitwksmurtena eblenah RbmaNkñúgkMLúgs½kþTI1 ( Ere Primaire ) PUmiPaKGasIuGaeKñy+_TaMgmUl )ancybrbthnuv)atuput FmμCatimYyeQμaHfaBMenIgpñt; ( Plissement Calédonien et Hercynien ) b ehafa Rbtikmμ ( Tétonique ) EdlbNþal[pus nuvcyr PñMTaMg LayBIkñúgTwksmuRT nigx<g;rabnanabasebjpumipak k¾duccaenaelitwkdikm<úca eyigedr. bnþab;mk)atuputfmμcatienah k¾efvi[cyrpñm nigx<g;rabnanalicetakñúgtwksmurtvij rhutetadl;cug s½kþþti3. enaedims½kþti 4 k¾cab;epþimpusnuvcyrpñm nigx<g;rabmþgetot cab;bipumipakpñmehmbanþeq<ahmkpumipak GasIu GaeKñy_TaMgmUl. edayelk TwkdIExμreyIgmYycMnYnk¾RtUvpuseLIgEdr. kñúgkmlúgs½kþti 4 man)atuput FmμCatimYy etot KWTwkeCar TwknaceRcInelIkeRcInsar. enacenøahqñambi 60>000 qñammk 15>000 qñammunk>s TwksmuRT)annac fybi 130-180 Em:Rt ebierbobefobnwgkmbs;twksmurtsbvéf. edayehtuxagelienh ehiy )ancaeblenah PUmiPaK\NÐÚcin nigrbcmuekahgamgs uylamg ( Insulinde ) sßitenacab;kñarhutkμanx½nð TwksmuRTdUcsBVéf enhet. kmlúg 15> 000 qñammunk>s ekexijtwksmurt)anecareligkmbs; 15 Em:Rt Ca ehtunam[twkdiexμreyigepñkxagerkam nigtmbn;valtmnab RtUvliceTAkñúgTwksmuRTvij. luhdl;stvtsti 3 mun K>s TwksmuRT)annacbnþicmþg²eTAvij eblenahtenøemkgá)anhurnamdil,ab;mkcak;bmebjbegáitcatwkdi snþ ( Delta) eligeq<ahetatisxagt,úg. GaRs½ydUc)anerobrab;xagelI )ancalkçn³pumisa sþénrbets km<úca manpñm nigx<g;rabb½t CMuvij erbob)annwgxþhmyy Edlmat;elIx<s; CaehtunaM[RbeTskm<úCa CaRbeTs myy BMusUvCYbRbTHnwg)atuPUtFmμCati duccaxül;büúhfm² ducrbetsdétetoteliy. eyigsegátexijfa enaebledlcyrpñm nigx<g;rabtamglaypusecjbikñúgtwksmurt eblenahpav³ mancivit nig\tcivit ( Les êttres Vivants ) k¾ekitmaneligedr. CamYyKñaenaH stvsvamüa:gedlmankmenit CamnusS)ankekItmanenAelIPBEpndI. edim,irs;ranmancivit nigekc[putbikarkmramkmehgénbmenigpñt; BYk ek)annamkñart;etars;enaelikmbulpñm ecahpñmcalmena. enaebl\t ibl énbmenigpñt;fycuh ekcuhmkrs;enatam - 9 -

cegáhpñm efvipþhbisøwkeqi smbkeqirmub½t bit)amgenasl;rn ecjculetmyy. karefvipþhebbenh edaysarblkmμ xyrk,al ekyl;fa edim,ikarbargakasfaturtcak;tmbn;érbpñm nigkarbarstvsahavepsg². bnþab;bi\t iblénbmenigpñt;)an)at;bg;eta nigtwkecartwknacfy\t iblrbs;xøün svamnuss)ancuhmk rs;enatamvaltmnab CamYyKñaenaH TenøemKgÁ )anhurnamdil,ab;mkcak;bmebj begáit)ancadi valtmnab enasl;etbwgtenøsabmyyet EdlCa )atusmurtd¾erca nigcmnas;cagek. CIvPaBrs;enArbs;sVamnusS )anrs; enacahvúg CaBYk CaRkum EdlehAfaRkumkul sm½<n kñúgenah)andwknam nig)anttylxusrtuveli burnpabedndi edayemrkumkulsm<½n. emrkum kulsm<½ntamgenh Ca GñkrkyutþiFm nigkarbar suvtßipab [kunrkumkullsm<½n. luhemrkumkul sm<½n søab;eta ekmancmenofarblwgrbs;emrkum kul sm<½n \tsøab;et enaetcyyefrksabykekteta etot. eblcybgasnñgn;rkmþg² ekts URbyuT edaykmøamgkñúgxøüngs;smtßpabehiy eketget BwgEp kelikmøamgerkaxøünrbs;eketot KWkarbn; Rsn;ehArkRBlwgemRkumkulsm<½n [CYyBYk ek CMenOenHsm½yeRkaymkeKehAfa CMenOeTAelIGarkçGñkta. kaledimeliy BYkeKsIusøwkeQI emimeqicagahar edaymankarrikcmerin nigbtbiesafn_epñk BlkmμxYrk,al nigrubragkayrbs;bykek BYkeKrkeXIjRKab;FBaØCatisMrab;daMduH edim,iykpløanuplefvica Gahar ebalkwqb;hubsøwkeqietotehiy. BYkeKkaledImeLIysIusac;eqACaGahar EdlCaehtueFVI[ BlkmμxYrk,al nigruubragkayechplitsmpar³ edim,ismlab;stv edayykeqi fμ q wgstvefvicagavuf nig smpar³erbir)as;. erkaymk BYkeKrkeXIjvtßúFaturwgKYtKñaecjCapáaePøIg mann½yfaek)anrkexijepøig smrab;cmgin GaharepSg² eblenahekqb;hubsac;eqaetotehiy ekqanmkhubsac;q invij nigcmginmðúbgaharepsg². tmketot edaysarkarrikcmerinepñkblkmμxyrk,al nigrubragkay BYkeKecHsøelah³FatuplitnUvsMPar³ erbir)as;rkb;ebbya:g edim,ibmebjtrmuvkarrbs;bykek. kaledimeliy xøünbykekgarkat KμankareGonxμas; - 10 -

karvivtþbisvamnuss mkcamnuss bnþab;mkminyurb:unμan BYkeKcab;epþImankareGonxμas;yksøwkeQI b smbkeqibit)amgrubragkay rhutdl;echdam edimkr kb,asykmkt,aj révefvicasmelokbmbak;.bmbak;. edaysarkargpivdæepñkblkmμxyrk,al nigrubragkayrbs;bykek efvi[bykekechefvima:siunbak; knþalsv½yrbvtþi ma:siunsv½yrbvtþi echplitsmpar³erbir)as;tmenib²qanelig\tqb;qr rhutechefvierkog eglicrtunic ma:siun kmubüút½r nigma:siungab:ulúsbvéf enh. etivb,fm mankmenitekitmk BINa? etivb,fm cab;epþimmancab;bieblnamk? eyigdwgehiyfa Blkmμ KWCaskmμPaB manbmngrbs;mnuss. riévb,fm k¾mankmenitekit ecjbiblkmμedr ehiymankmenitdmnalkñanwg kmenitmnuss mann½yfa mnussmankmenitebl Navb,Fm k¾cab;epþimmaneblenah BIeRBaHmnusS mancivitkalna EtgEteFVIBlkmμeBlenaHEdr ebalkw skmμpabenahég. enaelisaklelak eyigenh eksegátexijfa skmμpabblkmμxyr k,al nigrubragkayrbs;mnuss mankarvivtþminduc KñaTaMgRsugenaHeT BIeRBaHkarvivtþBIRkumkulsm<½n - 11 -

køaymkcarbetsnimyy² KWGaRs½yeTAeday sßanpabpumisa sþ esdækic éncncatinimyy²rs; ena ducenhehiy manrkumxøh RbeTsxøHeCOnelOn RkumxøH RbeTsxøHGn;fyeTAtamtémø yl;dwg nigkarvivtþénrbvtþisa sþ nigsßanpab esdækic éncncati enah. RbCaCati Edlsb,ÚN rugerog man krmityl;dwgx<s; ekfamanvb,fm x<s; cmebah RbCaCati Edlmankaryl;dwgTab ekfaman vb,fm Tab karvaytémøørbs;cncatimyycakar lm)akbmput hak;biduccabmusuvrtwmrtuvenahet BI erbahekbi)aknwgføwgeføgfa vb,fm rbs;cnenah x<s; b Tab BIeRBaHvb,Fm rbs;cncatimyy RbCa Catirbs;eKEtgEtGYtsresIr nigmanematpab cmebahcn Cati ekerog²xøün. ]TahrN_ ³ epøgcin eyigsþab;hak;eta hak;minbierah epøgexμreyigsþab;etabierahebj citþ. srubmk eyigexijfacncatinimyy² manvb,fm epsg²kña CnCatiExμreyIgk¾manvb,Fm xusebøkbiekedr ebalkw manvb,fm c,as;las; srmab;cncatiexμr. ]TahrN_ ³ nariexμrmanvb,fm c,as; las;rbs;xøün ehiyebøkbiekducca supabrabsa Tn;Pøn; mankar egonxμas;ercin GwumeGon emil mincm>>>>>. cab;tamgbikarkekittwkdimk CnCati Exμr)anksagTwkdI nigvb,fm rbs;xøün )anl RbesIrx<g;x<s; ehiy l,il,ajsuhsayenaeli - 12 -

BiPBelak. ]TahrN_ ³ enasm½y GgÁr ExμreyIg)anksagvb,Fm myy x<s;ya:grtedt EdleK)ancat;Tukfa CaGriyFm x<g;x<s;na sm½yggár. tam Rbvtþisa sþggár sgámvitu RbvtþiviTU ek snμt;faexμrcamhagmnac d¾fmmyyena PUmiPaKGasIuGaeKñy_ vb,fm GriyFm Exμr enasm½yggár EdlFøab;Etl,Il,aj enh RtUv)ans gáambmpøicbmpøaj\tqb; Qr RBmTaMgBYkGaNa nikm )anbmpøic bmpøajbnþicmþg² efvi[vb,fm ExμrcuH Gn;fy EfmTaMgcuHGnuPaBElgman CMenOelIxøÜnÉg fa xøünégca GñkBUEk Gs arüenah rhutha n niyayfar)asatggárvtþkw RBHvisÑúCaGñkksageTAvij {GPiniharbs;GaTieTB }. ]TahrN_ ³ erkaysm½yggár RbCaCnGgÁúyhUb)ayecagehag bba ak;nuvkarrbugrby½tñs gáam rbs; BYkGaNaniKm nigsxμamgsrtuvrkb;rbept { )ak;s,at }. kacsahavcagenhetaetot KWrbbGtIt kal {GavexμA } )anbmpøicbmpøajvb,fm [sabsunü bmpøajsm,tþi vb,fm Cati[vinasGnþray - 13 -

BIeRBaHBYkeK )anbdiesftamgrsug nigbmpøajsm,tþivb,fm Cati EdlmanBIsgÁmcas; mann½yfagvi² Edlcas; rymtamgmnuss pgedr. BYkeKBMuyl;fa vb,fm rbbcas; BitCamanvb,Fm econelonrbs; mhacn RbCaCneyIgenaHeT RtUv KitfaGVI²TaMgGs; EdlCavb,Fm rbs;rbcacn RtUvEtBRgwg nigbrgikefmetot RBmTaMg begáitvb,fm fμi Edl manlkçn³catieconelon. karsiksavb,fm GriyFm KWCakarcaM)ac; kñúgkarksagvb,fm fμi ehiyrtuvsáal; Fatuskmμ nigfatugskmμrbs;vb,fm nasgámcas;sin. TsSn³viTU nig RbvtþiviTU)anmanRbsasn_fa { ebikμan GtItkal KWKμanbc úb,nñkal ehiyk¾kμangnaktkaledr}. QrelIsμartI enh eyiggaceckvb,fm sgám cas; CaBIr KW vb,fm cas;kmrilgn;fy EdlmankarrMelaPsiT imnuss nig vb,fm econelon EdlmankareKarBsiT i mnuss. ducenhehiy eyiggacdwgfa vb,fm sgámcas; manvb,fm mhacn EtBMuGacrIkcMerIn)aneT BIeRBaH Etmankar rmelap sit i. mtiti 1 ³ ekyl;fa karksagvb,fm fμi RtUvTat;ecalvb,Fm cas;tamgrsug ksagvb,fm eday ELk EdlBMuFøab;man. mtiti 2 ³ RtUvrkSavb,Fm cas;tamgrsug BIeRBaHvb,Fm CatinImYy² manlkçn³skl srmab; CatimYy. - 14 -

mtitamgbirxagelienh KWCamtiPan;RcLM KWminTukTaMgRsug b Tat;ecalTaMgRsugenaHeT. riévb,fm km<úcaeyig KWksagvb,Fm fμi edaykmcat;vb,fm BukrlYyBalaGava:Es ehiybrgwgrksatuknuvvb,fm mhacn EdlmanlkçN³eCOnelOn EdlmantaMgBIyUryaNas;mkehIy. I. n½yénbaküvb,fm nigemkfagrbs;vb,fm k- vb,fm tamn½ys½bþcati ³ vb,fm > vb, Fm vb, ³ karsabrbys karbnþúhpsam karbnþúhbuc karbnþúhbnþal Fm ³ FmμPaB Fatu vifi spav³rtrtg; RTwsþI cmebahbaküvb,fm manmticaercin)an[niymn½yebøk²kña. x- TsSn³epSg² xøhyl;fa vb,fm KWCakarbNþúHpSaM karsabrbys karbnþúhbnþaltamgepñksμarti nigr)acja xøhyl;fa vb,fm KWCacMeNHdwg karsiksagb;rm b GVI² EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkarsikSa xøhyl;fa vb,fm KWCaGVIEdleFVI[rIklUtlas;elIRKb;vis½y K- tamvcnanurkmexμr rbs;semþcsgç CYn Nat vb,fm smáal;nuvkarpsam bnþúhcmenhvic a nigr)acjasμarti[rikcmerin edayvitüasa sþ sil,³>>>>>>. X- tamn½ys½bþpasa)aramg vb,fm ³ La Culture Est Le Travail De La Terre KWCakargar EdlTak;TgeTAnwgviFIdaMduH epsg² La Culture Est Le Travail De L'esprit KWCakargar EdlTak;TgnwgcitþKMnit sμarti vic aepsg². etahbicamann½yercinya:genhk¾eday k¾n½yedimrbs;vb,fm )ankøaycakarsmáal;fm TaMgLayNa Edl RTRTg; bnþúhbnþal TaMgpøÚvkay nigpøúvcitþ[rikcmerinlutlas;ecjcaepøpáa. srubmk eyigexijfabaküvb,fm RtUv)aneK[niymn½yepSg² EdlmanlkçN³dUcKñaRtg;témø énkarlutlas;epñkbbaøasμarti nigkargb;rm. ]TahrN_ ³ bsuvb,kmμ ³ kaarbnþúhbnþalxagepñkciba wmstv ensatvb,kmμ ³ karbnþúhbnþal xagepñkensatrti rukçvb,kmμ ³ karbnþúhbnþalxagepñkdamduhrukçcati RbBlvb,kmμ ³ karbnþúhbnþalefvi[ mantinñplx<s;. esckþisnñidæan - 15 -

vb,fm KWCasBaØaNd¾TUlMTUlaymYYy ekþabkþab;rkb;skmμpabécñrbditepñkblkmμxyrk,al nig rubragkayrbs;mnuss. II. EmkFagénvb,Fm cmenhdwg karpsbvpsay kargnuvtþ kargpivdæxøünecjbipabcastvrbs;svamnuss k¾edaysarmankarrikcmerinepñkcmenhdwg nigbt BiesaFn_ BlkmμxYrk,al nigrubragkay mankmritqaneligbitabmkx<s; BIPaBminTan;suRkwtmkPaB surkwitelig² \tqb;qretatamrbkkmehijrbs;mnuss éndmnak;kalrbvtþisa sþ. TnÞwmnwgmancMeNHdwg btbiesafn_ eketgetpsbvpsayeckcaydl;kñabikenøgmyyetakenøgmyy tamry³sil,³ GkSrsa sþ GkSrsil, Bt man>>>>>>cabnþbnþab;bism½ymyyetasm½ymyy. kalnamancmenhdwg nigmankarpsbvpsayehiy BitCaBMuTan;RKab;RKan;eT ekrtuvbegáitecjnuv lt plcasñaédelikargnuvtþefmetot tamry³\riyabf edk edir Qr GgÁúy niyaysþieliepñktmenomtmlab; RbéBNIkar siksagb;rm nigc,ab;epsg². - CMenO Croyance - silfm Morale 1> cmenhdwg - sasna Religion - vitüasa sþ Science - sil,³ Arts - GkSrsa sþ Lettres vb,fm 2> karpsbvpsay - GkSrsil, Littérature - Bt man Information - TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI Moeurs et Coutumes 3> kargnuvtþ - karsiksa Enseignement - kargb;rm Education - c,ab; Droit - 16 -

EmkFagTaMgbI énvb,fm xagelienh EdlsMerceFVI[mnusSmansuPmgÁl nigvdænpabsmrsbeta tamsm½ykal éndmnak;kalrbvtþisa sþnamyy b:uenþeyiggackt;smkal;)anfa EmkFagxøHénvb,Fm RtUv rlubrlayetavij b RtUvrIkcMerIntamkarvivtþrbs;sgÁmmnusS. vb,fm rbs;catimyymantémønas; BMuGackat; éfø)an srmab;catinimyy². ducenh kalnaniyaybivb,fm rbs;catimyy RtUvniyayBIkarKaMRT nigkarebj citþrbs;mhacn éncncatienah. III. n½yénbaküsgámfm BaküsgÁm {La Societé } smedaykfmμcatimnussedlrs;enarymkña mantilmena manrbrrksiu man rebobebbbtrs;enatak;tgkña kñúgrsukedlcardæ. ÉBaküsgÁmFm Le Social smááal;fm TaMgLayNa EdlCaFatu vifi FmμPaB erobcmsgáám mnuss[manspabtrmg; niglkçn³cmerinlutlas; )anesckþifa erobcmsgám[rs;ena)anrsyl Rbkbeday erkogsmpar³rkb;rkan; nigmanspabl RbesIrEfmeTot. rymmk eyig)andwgfagriyfm manvb,fm nigsgámfm CameFüa)ay vifismedasmercnuvsux³ kñúg dmeniretakan;ekaledamyy. etivb,fm nigsgámfm man\t ibltak;tgkñaebbnaxøh? k- EmkFagrbs;sgÁmFm - Rbdab;RbdaeRbIR)as; sgámfm sgám smpar³ rbbsgám sgámvifi TRmg;sgÁm - Rbdab; Technique - muxrbr vic aciv³ - esdækic ksikmμ ]ssahkmμ - BaNiC kmμ - sgámkic snþisux suxmalpab - rbbneya)aykñúg nigerkarbets - zan³sgám Classe Sociale - sßab½nrdæ Institution - rdæ RbCaCn Etat-nation knøgmk - 17 -

eyigetgetb ekniyaybakücab;kñafa ³ vb,fm GriyFm cmenkébakü)aramg k¾ekniyaycab; KñaEdr Culture et La Civilisation ehtuducemþc)ancaekniyayya:genh k¾minniyayrtwmetgriyfm BIeRBaH GriyFm va ekþabkþab;sgámfm bbaðaenhmaneyabl;ebøk²kñacaercin xøhekyl;fa ekrtuvniyayvb,fm BIeRBaHvaman\TÞiBlxøaMg srmab;rtrtg;griyfm ebikμan vb,fm GriyFm k¾kμanedr. ducmanbakümyyebalfa edim,i)angriyfm RtUvEtbNþúHbNþalvb,Fm sin. müa:getot ekbnül;famnusstamglaybmu)anttylnuvkarsiksa mnusstamgenahbmukøayetacagriycn)anet { GriybuKÁl }. GñkxøHeTotyl;fa ³ ekegacemilexijvb,fm rbs;mnussmñak;)anedaygay ehiyk¾gacemil exij nuvgriyfm rbs;cncatinimyy²)anedr. ducenh karniymeha vb,fm EtgEtenAmuxGriyFm Canic. ehtugvi)ancaeketgetniyayfa vb,fm GriyFm minedlniyayfa sgámfm GriyFm? )ancaekniyayfa vb,fm GriyFm Baküvb,Fm EtgEtenAmuxBaküGriyFm Canic BIeRBaH vb,fm smedaetaelimnussmñak;² EdleFVIskmμPaBBlkmμ niyaysþi edk edir Qr GgÁúy ekgacvaytémø )anpøam² etaeligñk enahfa mankrmitvb,fm Tab b GñkenHmankRmitvb,Fm x<s;. cmenkésgámfm vij ekbmusuvniyaycab;nwgbakügriyfm et BIeRBaHsgÁmFm EtgEtsßitenACab; kñúgsgámmnuss ehiysgámfm k¾minsßitcab;enanwgmnussmñak;²edr ekgacsáal;sgámfm énrbcacnnimyy ena kñúgsgámnimyy²)an luhrtaetqøgkat;efvikarrsavrcaveliéksar nigbinitücak;esþgetaelismpar³sgám sgám vifi nigtrmg;sgám. ebalkwsmedaetaelicegáammnuss EdlmanTIlMenA manmuxrbrrksiu mancivpabtak;tgkña etavijetamk EdlmankarRsavRCavRtYtBinitüeTAelIÉksarepSg² enatamrksyg mnþir sßab½nrdæ Rkumh un nana GgÁkarepSg² etibgacvaytémøfasgámenh Gn;fy b sgámenaheconelon)an. x- TMnak;TMngrvagvb,Fm nigsgámfm manmtiercinya:gnas; Edl[témøEbøk²KñaeTAelIvb,Fm nigsgámfm mtiti 1 ³ KWtémøGriyFm sßitenaelivb,fm )anesckþifacmenhdwg karsiksargb;rm GkSrsil, sasna GkSr GkSr CaedIm CakmøaMgvb,Fm GacEkERbsgÁmmnusS[mantémøkRmitCIvPaBx<g;x<s;. mtiti 2 ³ kmøamggriyfm sßitenaelisgámfm ebalkwsgámfm CabuBVehtuénkareCOnelOn BIeRBaH sgámfm GacEkERbpøas;bþÚrCIvPaBTaMgTsSn³ citþkmnit cmng;cmnulcitþrbs;mnuss [mankarrikcmerin ya:gnamij Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as;RKb;Ebbya:g EdlmnusSmñak;²eRbIR)as; b rebobbgábegáinpl nigeck caypl b c,ab; RKb;RKgsgÁm reboberobcmsgámk¾gacbba ak;[exijtémø énkarrikcmerinedr. rymesckþimk TsSn³TaMgBIr xag elienh xuskñaxøh RtUvKñaxøH BIeRBaHCYnkalkmøaMgGriyFm sßitenaelivb,fm CYnkalsßit - 18 -

enaelisgámfm BMuEmnsßitenAdac;EtÉkÉgenaHeT. ebiniyay[gaysþab; KWRtUvTak;TgKñaCanic. ya:gna mij sgámfm EdllUtlas;eTAekIt GaRs½yelIvb,Fm enhég duccaerkogrbdab;erbir)as;epsg² EdlGac plitetaekit luhrtaetmancmenhdwgrbkbedaybec kets vitüasa sþrkb;rkan; etibsmpar³rbdab;rbdarerbi R)as;enaH GacsMerceTA)an. segçbesckþimkexijfa GriyFm GacduHdalrIkcMerInlUtlas;eTA)an GaRs½yeTAelIvb,Fm nig sgámfm EdlTak;Tg nigbak;b½n KñaeTAvijeTAmkCacaM)ac;. IV. Gtßn½y énbakügriyfm k- GriyFm CaGVI? GriyFm > Griy Fm Griy³ supab søútrtg; RtwmRtUv l RbesIr Gay ³ EbbbTl - Garü ³ éføfñúr x<g;x<s; GriyFm mangtßn½yercinya:g ³ TI 1 ³ tamvcnanurkmexμr PaK 2 )anbnül;fa GriyFm KWCaGVI² EdlnaMmknUvesckþIsuxcMereIn b EbbbTsNþab;Fñab; reboberobryl. TI 2 ³ tam La rousse s>vti 20 fa GriyFm KWCareboberobryepSg²énkarrIkcMerInxagEpñk cmenh dwg silfm ]ssahkmμ énsgámmnuss. TI 3 ³ tamelak La Lande K>s { 1732-1807 } CataraviTUCnCati)araMgfa GriyFm KWCa EmkFageRcInEbbeRcInya:g enakñúgsgámmnuss EdlmanlkçN³sil,³ sasna ticnik CaCIvitbnþKñakñúg kal Gakas. TI 4 ³ tamelak Mirabeau { 1715-1789 } CnCati)araMgfa GriyFm KWCakarrIkcMerInlUt las; éncncati EdlmanPaBpÞúyKñanwgPaBéRBépS. TI 5 ³ tamelak Wibeur {1864-1920 } CnCatiGaløWm:g;fa GriyFm KWCakRmgviC aticnic vic avivtþ ekalc,ab; smrab;camefüa)aytb;tl;nwgfmμcati. TI 6 ³ tamlelak kalma:ks { 1818-1883 } fa GriyFm KWCatémøxagsMPar³. tamtssn³xageli etahbimangtßn½yebøk²kñak¾eday b:uenþgtßn½ynimyy²rbhak;rbehlkña KWCa kar[témøetaelikarrikcmerinrbs;sgámmnusstamgepñksμarti nigsmpar³. BYkGarü CanrNa? - 19 -

enastvtsti 15 munk>s CnCatiGarü Aryen EdlsßitenAkñúg Empire Perse enatmbn; Cocace elix<g;rab Pamir )anvayrbharetaelicncatiedim KWBYk Dravidien enarbets\nða. erkaymk )anttylc½ycmnhelibyk Aryen )antamgxøüncagñkrkan;ebix<g;x<s; ehiy)ancat;tukcacncatiedlxøünvayqñh enah faxvhkarrikcmerin b GñkGn;fy. ducenh ek[ykbykgarü enhsmáal;fa rugerogx<g;x<s;cagek. ehtuducemþc)ancaekniyayfa vb,fm \NÐaCaRbPBd¾sMxan;kñúgkarbegáItvb,Fm Exμr? vb,fm \NÐaCaRbPBd¾sMxan; kñúgkarbegáitvb,fm Exμr erbahfa enakñúgvb,fm Exμr eksegátexij manvb,fm \NÐaCaeRcIndUcCa Pasa GkSr GkSrsil, sil,³ sasna RBHBuT sasna nigrbahμn_sasna cmøak; smng;r)asat TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI karrkb;rkg rbbracafibetyü. b:uenþvb,fm \NÐaBMuman RbPBkMeNIt kñúgkarbegáitvb,fm ExμrenaHeLIy BIeRBaHfaCnCatiExμrmankMeNIt nigmanvb,fm edimrbs; xøünryccaerscehiy muneblgriyfm \NÐacUlmk. Exμr)anRkéL écñrbditvb,fm brets[mkcarbs;exμr. rymesckþimkkmnitedlfa vb,fm \NÐaCaRbPBd¾sMxan;kñúgkarbegáItvb,Fm ExμrenaH KWCakarPn½þ RcLM. RtUvniyayfa vb,fm \NÐa)anCH\T iblelivb,fm Exμr. x- EmkFagénGriyFm - CMenO - cmenhdwg - sasna - vitüasa sþ - Pasa GkSr - sbaøa - vb,fm - kmnt;psay - GkSrsa sþ GkSrsil, - sil,³ Bt man - vitüú TUrTsSn_ - TMenomTMlab; {RbéBNI } - Gnuvtþ - karsiksa kargb;rmrbedatunμan { c,ab; } UGriyFm U - kila El,gkMsanþepSg² - Rbdab;rs;enA {lmena cmnigahar smelokbmbak;} - erkogsgám - Rbdab;ticnic {ma:siuncmng; bgábegáinpl efvidmeni - muxrbr { vic aciv³ } - esdækic ksikmμ BaNiC kmμ ]ssahkmμ - sgámfm - sgámvifi - sgámkic suxapi)al snþisux kargar - 20 -

- neya)ay rebobrbb c,ab;rkb;rkg c,ab;rdæ - sñúlsgám { RKYsar } - TRmg;sgÁm - vnñ³sgáám { vnñ³catikmenit vnñ³kargar vnñ³ cmenhvic a GgÁkarsgÁm } sßab½nepsg² neya)ay vb,fm ehtugiv)ancaexμrrtuvechgriyfm Exμr? etikarechgriyfm ExμrCakarRKb;RKan;ehIyb ena? )ancaexμrrtuvechgriyfm Exμr erbah GriyFm ExμrCamUldæanRKwH smrab;sgámexμr. mnussexμr RtUvEtyl;[)anc,as;GMBIGVI EdlxøÜnman Edll ehiyekttylsáal; ekrslaj;culcitþtamgbiburankalmk. kunexμr RtUvEtbNþúHmenaseBa tna RsLaj; nigkarbarvb,fm GriyFm rbs;xøün edaypsbvpsay nigbrgikbrgwgbenßm. karsáal;vb,fm GriyFm rbs;xøün[)anc,as;enh edim,ierbobefobvb,fm GriyFm brets rycrkcmnucxøamg nigcmnucexsay. karechgriyfm Exμr BitCaBMuTan;RKb;RKan;enAeLIyeT eyigrtuvesvg yl;nuvvb,fm GriyFm bretsbenßmetot edayrtuverciserisykgviedll edim,iekécñ[mkcarbs;xøün smrsbtamcmng;cmnulcitþrbs;rbcacatixøün CatUbnIykmμ benßmetot b: uenþminrtuvemilrsal dl;vb,fm GriyFm bretseliy. V. FatusMxan;² EdlsMerc[ekItmanvb,Fm GriyFm rbs;cncatimyy mñak;² EtgEtecaTsYrfa etivb,fm GriyFm mkbina? bbaðaenhmaneyabl;caercin Edl)aneqøIy nwgsmnyrenh xøhyl;fa GriyFm rbs;cncatinimyy² ekitligedayékég KWvasßitenACab;nwgmnusSmñak;rbs; CnCatienaH BMumannrNabegáItvaeT. GñkxøHeTotyl;fa vb,fm ekiteligedaygatietbcagñkkmnt; KWRBhμlixitrbs;mnusSmñak;² ekit eligedaysargatietb BIeRBaHGaTieTBCaGñkbegáIt nigbmpøajelak. eyigdwgehiyfaenakñúgelakenh BMu mangatietbnamyy b bukálnamyybegáitgvimyy[mhacnekniymebjcitþenahet. vb,fm RtUvbegáIteLIg edayrbcacnxøünég etibekebjcitþ. ]TahrN_ ³ ramvg; ramk,ac; sut EtCar)aMrbs;RbCaCn. eyigdwgehiyfa mnusscagñkksag Rbvtþisa sþ BMuEmnGaTieTBCaGñkksagRbvtþisa sþenahet ehiyk¾bmuemngatietbcagñkbegáitmnussedr. tamn½yvb,fm CasBaØaNTUlMTUlayekþabkþab;RKb;témøécñRbDitTaMgkayBlkmμ nigbbaøablkmμetanwg )atuputepsg² énfmμcati. - 21 -

etifatusmxan;² EdlCH\T ibldl;karbegáitvb,fm GriyFm rbs;catinimyy²mangvixøh? eyigrkexijfatusmxan;² EdlsMercvb,Fm GriyFm rbs;catimyykw k-ktþablkmμ Blkmμ KWCaskmμPaBEdlmanbMNg BlkmμseRmcGVI²TaMgGs;EdlmnusS)aneFVI. GVI² Edl mnussttyl)an k¾edaysarblkmμ. svamnuss EdlkøaymkCamnusS k¾edaysarblkmμ KW)anqøgkat;BI dmnak;kalnimyy² efvi[mnussmanr)acja echksag nigécñrbditsmpar³epsg². duecñh BlkmμCaFatumYy EdlseRmc[begáItvb,Fm. ]TahrN_ ³ R)asaTGgÁrvtþ k¾casñaédrbs;rbcacn ekiteligedaysarkarefviblkmμya:g xøamgkøabmput. R)asaTenaH tmnag[cmenhdwgd¾x<g;x<s;rbs;rbcacnexμr etibekniyayfar)asatggárvtþca dygrblwgrbs;rbcacatiexμr. sil,³myyycmnyn mhacnek)anykkargarblkmμ Edl)aneFVIRbcaMéf mksemþg sil,³tamgenah k¾tmnagnuvkargarblkmμrbs;mhacnedr. BlkmμEtgEteq<aHeTArkPaBsuRkwt RsbeTA tamkarrikcermin énrbvtþisa sþ. ducenh vb,fm k¾rikcmerinetatamrbvtþisa sþedr. x- ktþapumisa sþ edim,irs;ranmancivit mnussetgetrtuvkarcam)ac;nuvfmμcati ehiytmnajplbifmμcatienah edim,i ykplmkbmeriesckþirtuvkarrbs;xøün. ducenh lkçn³fmμcati PUmisa sþ TwkdiI érbpñm bwgbyr GakasFatu sut EtCH\T iblmkelimnuss efiv[mnussgayrsyl b lm)akkñúgkargarblkmμ. ]TahrN_ ³ enarbetsekþacivpabrs;ena nigtmenomtmlab;rbébnirbs;rbcacnek xusebøkbicivit rs;enarbs;rbcacnenarbetsrtcak;. K- ktþarbbsgám rbbsgámnam[man\t ibl nigbegáitelignuvvb,fm GriyFm rbs;catimyy kñúgdmnak;kalnamyy énrbvtþisa sþ. karrikcmerinénrbbsgám vapøas;bþúrsmrsbetatamebbepnplitkmμ. ebinrnakþab; mefüa)ayplitkmμ nigcagñkekþabkþab;sμartiefmetot KWGñkenaHmansiT iebgeckepakplplitkmμenah. GVI²TaMgGs;enAkñúgsgÁmmYy EtgEtbeRmI[rbbsgÁm nigvnñ³cagñkekþabkþab;kñúgsgámenah. vb,fm GriyFm EdlCamnsikarsgÁm énrcnasm<½n Can;x<s; RtUvEtbeRmI nigcyybrgwgvnñ³rkb;rkgkñúgsgámenahpgedr. ducenh eyiggacbba ak;vb,fm GriyFm rbs;cncatimyy Rbkan;nUvlkçN³CacritvNÑ³rbs;CatienaH. müa:gvij etot eyiggacbba ak;favb,fm GriyFm rbs;cncatinimyy² BMuGacenAsßitesßrnwgfál;BMurIkcMerInenaHeT. etahbicavb,fm GriyFm rbs;catimyy)anrikcmerineligpøas;bþúrcrit niglkçn³k¾eday k¾lkçn³enasßitesßr KWlkçN³Catirbs;eK. K- ktþasasna - 22 -

sasnagb;rmtunμanerbonrbeda b bnþamepji enakñúgrbetskm<úcaeyig sasnamanercin Edlman kmenitenakñúgstvtsti 6 munk>s. sasnatamgenah rymman RBhμBaØsasna b sasnarbahμn_mankmenitmkbirbets\nða BuT sasna b sasnarbhbut mankmenitmkbirbets\nða RKwsþsasna mankmenitmkbirbetssiuri GIsøamsasna mankmenitmkbirbetsgara:b; sasnaeta mankmenitmkbirbetscin sasnasiuntu mankmenitmkbirbetscb:un VI. TMnak;TMngGriyFm Exμr niggriyfm brets mulfm GriyFm Exμr-mn {munk>s } enaelisklelakenh BMuEdlmanCatisasn_NamYy EdlmanlkçN³suT saf Kμanl,aysasn_ éngriyfm bretsenaheliy. elikelgetcatisasn_enah sßitenaq aydac;etékégbiek KμanTMnak;TMngnwg RbeTsdéT. karb:htgáicrvagcatisasn_myyetanwgcatisasn_epsg²etot remgttyl\t ibletavijetamk Cadrab. ebieyigrkelkmkrbetskm<úcaeyigvij enaheyigexijfacncatiexμr EdlFøab;EtmanGriyFm l,il,aj tamgbiyurnas;mkehiy k¾manttylnuv\t iblgriyfm bretscaercinedr. etiexμrtak;tgcamyycncatinaxøh? ehiyttyl\t iblgvixøh? eyigdwgehiyfa kaledimeliy ExμreyIgeCOelIRBlwgGarkSGñkta elisbienhetaetotena sm½yedim ekcat;tuk sþicafm rbbmatafibetyü. eblefviers ekniym)actwkbba ÚlERs. CnCatiExμr munk>s )anechpsamgstvxøhehiy. BYkeKmanTMnak;TMngTMenomTMlab;BiessmYYyeTot KWenAeBlmanmnusS søab; ekyketakb;enaerkamfμdul b dak;kñúgrkl. cmebahpasaniyayvij BMusUvdUcPasarbs;Catisasn_ dételiy BIeRBaHPasaExμrmanGnþrbT b pñt;eck. TaMgGs;xagelIenH KWCamUlFm ExμrmnmunK>s BMuTan;manTMnak;TMngCamYynwgbreTs. \T ibl\nða { stvtsti 1 } - 23 -

luhmkdl;stvtsti 1 \T iblbrets Edl)ancUlmkdl;RsukExμreyIgmuneK KW\T ibl\nða. KWenAeBlenaHehIy EdlExμreyIg)aneBIbRbTHnwgTsSn³raCaFibetyü Pasa GkSr GkSrsil, TMenom TMlab; CMenOsasna nigc,ab;epsg² edayrbhnag livyi TTYlbraC½yCamYyT½Brbs;RBH)aT h un eton ekaniðnü etiberobgpiesk ryc)aneligefvicaesþcesayracüenaeblenah. CamYyKñaenaHEdr RBH)aT Gesak³mharaC Edl)anbBa ÚnsamNTUtBIrRBHGgÁ KW esanetßr nig ]tþretß kñúgkmlúgstvtsti 2 edim,i psbvpsaygmbisasna. - 24 -

\T iblcin {stvtsti 3 } bnþab;bi\t ibl\nðamk man\t iblcin Edl)aneRCotcUlya:gkøaMgkøaenAstvtSTI3. cin)an ecjcultak;tgxagepñkcmnyj EdlCaehtueFVI[CnCatiExμreyIgecHeFVICMnYj minetb:uenñahbykcin Edl)ancUl mkdl;rsukexμrehiy )anerobkarcamyy sþiexμrkñúgekalbmng[manpabgayrsyl kñúgmuxrbrrbkbcmnyj. elisbienhetaetot BYkcin)anbBa ÚlmkCamYynUv sil,³ elçanhiu nigpasa>>>>>. EdleyIgeXIjenAman esssl; rhutmkdl;sbvéf enh. \T iblcam CVa { stvtsti 5 } mkdl;stvtsti 5 etibman\t iblcam-cva EdlenAkñúgenaH eyigexijmankarrikcmerinxag sßabtükmμ { smng;r)asatpñm nigk,ac;lmgepsg² } \T ibléf evotnam { stvtsti 13 } luhmkdl;stvtsti 13 etibman\t ibléf evotnammkdl;edr. enaeblenahehiy EdlExμr eyigsmburbaküebcn_niyay Biess KWkarx IKñaeTAvijeTAmkkñúgzan³CaRbeTsCitxag. \T iblgwr:ub {stvtsti 16 } k- TMnak;TMngExμr-\NÐa CaTMnak;TMngEdlmancMNas;CaeK enakñúgtmbn;gasiugaekñy_tamgmul elikelgetrbetsevotnam nigrbetshvilibinecj erbahtamkarrsavrcavek)anrkexijvtßúcaercinmkbi\nðaducca Rtaqøak;GkSrsMriT ena GUrEkv enama:elsüa nigrbhbut rubenaekaheselb. \NÐacUlmkRbeTsExμr dmbugtamry³ QμÜjsMeBAGñklk;dUr tamry³gñkdwknamexμr siksaeronsurtmnþgakmbi\nða tamry³rkysarexμr ykbþirbbn \NÐa. dmenirrbs;cncati\nðamkkan;rbetsexμreyig manekalbmngefvibanic kmμ nigbbaðapsbvpsay sasna edayekyl;fa enapumipakenh smburetaedaymas nigerkogetsmaneqirkgubcaedim. taméksarrbs;elak Rtwg ga Casa sþacarüenamhavitüal½ygksrsa sþ nigmnusssa sþ mun qñam 1975 )an[eyabl;fa karefvidmenirmkdl; éncncati\nðamanktþa 3 KW 1 - karrikcmerinepñknavacrn_rbs;\nða BIeRBaHeKGaceFV IsMeBAFM²pÞ úkmnuss)ancmnynbi 600-700 nak; nigkarrkexijénkarpøas;bþúrxül;rduv Edlsresredayelak hiu )a:lús enakñúgstvtsti 1 énk>s Edl CaehtunaM[vis½yCMnYjrvagRbeTs\NÐa nigkmbg;eptamglayenatameqñrsmurtrkhmmanpabgayrsyl. 2 - edaysasna)anlubecalnuvrbb½n vnñ³ bnþal[byk\nðaqb;xøac)at;bg;pabbrisut xagcatisasn_ kñúgtmnak;tmngcamyycncatidét. - 25 -

3 - eksegátexijkarrikfmfat;psarcmnyjcin erkayebledlcncatienh)anvaylukyk)antmbn;myy cmnynenapakxagt,úg éntenøy:g;es. srubmktamelak hskehvr:g; )anefvismtikmμcmebahkarmkdl;éncncati\nðaenapumipakgasi ugaekñy_ fa BYkcMNUlfμI { \NÐa } )anmktak;tgcamyyemdwknam tamry³karbüa)alcm W karpþl;nuvy½nþkafa RBmTaMg )anerobkarcamyynwgkunrsirbs;bykemdwknam EdlCamUlehtunaM[\NÐamanlT PaBpSBVpSayGriyFm rbs; xøünedayecakc½y. x- TMnak;TMngExμr-cin tamrbvtþisa sþ)anbba ak;fa enastvtsti 3 énk>s mancncaticinbirnak;)anmkefvitssnkic ena nkrpñm KWelak kamg éf nigelak CU yig etibsm½yerkay²mk sm½yecnla sm½yggármantmnak;tmngca hurehr. CaBiessmkdl;stvtSTI 18 nigti 19 CnCaticinmkkan;RbeTsExμreyIgkan;EteRcIneLIg² edaysarrsukrbs;ekekitmanbbaðagsnþisux EdlCaehtueFVI[CIvPaBrs;enArbs;RbCaBlrdæ nigtmenomtmlab; RbéBNI sil,³ Pasa manl,aysasn_. ]TahrN_ ³ etahu Xinqay Ec esa qareqa cab;qay nig rebobrbbefvicmnyj lk; Tij føwg Kitelxtamk,Ün k,ac; sbvsarebir. K- TMnak;TMngExμr-cam CVa enakñúgvb,fm Exμr eksegátexij\t iblcam-cav EpñksßabtükmμdUcCa k,ac;lm rubrahu nigkar ksagr)asatpñm EdleyIgTTYl\T iblbi\nðapg b:uenþ\t iblenh RtUv)anRBH)aTC½yvrμ½nTI 2 RbkasQb; TTYlsiT irkb;ebbya:grbs;cam-cva rab;tamgvb,fm pgedr. X- TMnak;TMngExμr-éf eyigdwgehiyfa kaledimeliycncatiéfcacncatipakticenaextþyunan énrbetscin b:uenþ erkaymkmanbbaðacncatimugeháal nig cin bnþal[cncatiéfnamkñaefvidmenirmktisxagt,úgtamdgtenø emnam ryc)ankøayetacacncatipakticenakñúgtwkdiexμr. mkdl;qñamrbmanca 1220 CnCatiPaKticéfmankarrIkcMerInenARtg;valTMnab éntenøemnam efvi[mankarb:htgáicrvagecahvayextþexμr CamYyemdwknaMéf bnþal[ecahvayextþexμreposxøünecjbi suexat½y rycemdwknaméfmñak;namfa \ nþbti nþatitü eligesayracenatienah. cab;bieblenahmk CnCatiéf )anbrgwg nigbrgikgnupabrbs;xøünbnþicmþg² rhuth anecjrbqamgnwgcacatiexμredayecjmux edim,ibrgiktwkdi BiessenAsm½yGgÁr CnCatiéf)anvaybMEbkRkugGgÁrdl;eTABIrelIk kñúgracürbhracaexμr { lmbgüraca } 1346-1351 esþcesomnam ramafibti EdltaMgraCFanI enarkuggayufüa)anelikt½bculmkvayexμr b:uenþrtuv)anrbhrac]bracexμr KWRBH)aT surieyat½y RtUvCa - 26 -

GanuCrbs; RBH)aT lmbgüraca vaytb;s at;tan;eblevla. CamYyKñaenaH RBHraCaExμr)anrMsaykgT½B Edl CaehtueFVI[T½B esomelikt½bculmkmþgetotelamb½t CMuCitGs;ry³eBl 1 qñam 5 Ex cugerkayrkugggár RtUvFøak;cUleTAkñúgkNþab;édrbs;éf kñúgqñam 1352. enaqñam 1357 RBHraCaExμrRBHnam surieyavgs CaRBHGanuCrbs;RBH)aT lmbgüraca Edl)an eposxøünetars;enarbetslav )anelikt½bmkvayrmedah)anvijkñúgqñam 1357. enaqñam 1873 kñúgracrbh)at Fmμesak CaGanuCRBHbrmrama RBHmhakSRtéfnam ramasur )an Gnuvtþneya)ayBRgIkTwkdImþgeTot RkugGgÁrRtUveLamB½T sarcafμiry³ebl 7 Ex. edaysegátexijfa BMuGacykC½yCMnHelIkgT½BExμr esom)an[tahancmnyn 15 nak; mksmucuhculedayniyayfaesþcesom efvi)abxøünebk b:uenþtahantamg 15 nak;enh tambitcamefüa)ayefvikt;rbhmhaksrtexμrb:uenñah 1393. erkaykan;kab;rkugggár elikti 2 RBHecAesom)anerobGPieskbuRtaeQμaH BjaERkk [eligesayracüena qñam 1394 Edlmannamfa \nþraca. 5 Ex erkaymk RBH)aT ecabjaya:t )anvayrmedahrkugggáreligvij edaysaretbba atahansμ½rkcitþ 12 rub smucuhculcamyyesþcesom ehiy)andkgavuf efviktesþcesom)an sermc. RTg;)anTTYlkarerobcMeLIgRKgraCüedaysuxsanþ b:uenþgmnaccrkpbggár)ancuhexsaycalmdab;. mkdl;qñam 1595 CaqñaMEdlCnCatiesom)an vaybmebkrkuglegvk nig)anrbmulykkm<irk,ünxñat sm,tþi vb,fm ExμrCaeRcIneTARbeTseK. enaeblqñhs gáammþg² cab;biqñam 1352 mk kgt½besom)ancab; Gñkrs;enATIRkugrab;muWnnak;ykeFVICaeQøIyswk RbmUlykRTBüsm,tþi sm,tþibitikp½nðcati sm,tþivb,fm Exμr nigefmtamgdutbmpøajtirkugggáretotpg. cab;bieblenahmk eyigsegátexijfa vb,fm esomman lt PaBCH\T imkkñúgsgámexμrcaercin KWEpñkPasadUcCa pamyg Evnta esμón )alat; eyak,at; >>>>>. b:uenþcncatiesomk¾ykpasaexμrcaercinetaerbiedr EdleyIgsegáteXIjCaGaT - køahan éfganfa køahan - s<an - s³pan - ENnaM - EN³NaM - Rkdas - Rk³das - rdæm nþi - rut½m:urti - kmμkr - k½mm:³kn - RbeTs - Rbefb - RbCaCati - Rbqaqat>>>>>>>>> - 27 -

TwkdIExμr Edl)an)at;bg;edaysarRbeTsesommancMnYn 12 extþ KW 1- nkrrac 2- burirmü 3- FnburI 4- Rtac 5- c½nþburi 6- sirisaekt 7- ekakx½nð 8- sgáit 9- surinþ 10- sþwgerca 11- bs wmburi 12- G ÚUb un g- TMnak;TMngExμr-evotNam - 28 -

kaledimeliycncatievotnam ekehafa { dayevot }. cab;bistvtsti 1 dl;stvtsti 10 CnCatievotNam RtUvsßitenAeRkamkarQøanBan nigerkamganikmcin. cab;bistvtsti 10 mk CnCatienH )anrmedahxøünecjbicinefmtamg)anbrgikgnupabrbs;xøünkøayetacarbetsevotna. erkaybikarqøanbanykrbetscm,a:rbs;kgt½bevotnamcab;biqñam 1471 )anehiy evotnam )anefvidmenireq<ahetatisxagt,úgetot. enaqñam 1618 RBH)aT RsIsurieyaBN )andak;racfvaycunburtac,g rbs;rbhggá EdlmaneQμaHfa C½yeCdæaTI 2. kñúgrbhracbmngykkmøamgkgt½bevotnam mktb;tl;nwgkg T½Besom RBH)aT C½yeCdæaTI 2 )anerobgpieskcamyynwgburtirbs;esþcevotnam EdlmannameQμaHfa GgÁcUv. bnþab;birbh)at C½yeCdæaTI 2 1618-1628 )anerobgpieskcamyyksrtievotnamrubenh GgÁcUv enakñúgstvtsti 17 rycmk enaeblenahehiy EdlevotNamsMux IdIExμrenARtg;éRBnKrkMBg;RkbI edim,idak;kgt½bevotnam srmab;efvicm,amgcamyycin. R)aMqñaMeRkaymk Exμr)anTamTarsuMdIenaHmkvij Et evotnamsmuggvrbnþ edaymangnþrakmn_bi RBHnag GgÁcUv pg. - 29 -

erkaymkkartamtarenah køaycagasarbg; BIeRBaHenAeBlenaH mankar)ak;ebképþkñúg man TMnas;Cajwkjab; CaehtuEdlBMuGacedaHRsayrYc rhutmkdl;sbvéf enh EdlbNþal[extþExμrTaMgb:unμan)an køaycarbs;evotnam EdleKehAfa { km<úcaerkam } CamYyKñaenaHBYkGaNaniKm)araMg )ankat;twkdiexμr [evotnamenaqñam 1949. l,aysasn_cncatievotnamknøgmk eyiggacfa mnussevotnam ekmanrtwsiþmyy { ekitmkca mnussrtuvefvimuxrkas; édrh½s citþh an } xusbiexμreyig EdlmanRTwsIþfa { [ekvaena siuetavags; } man n½yfa citþl. Pasaniyay eksegátexijmanbaküebcn_myycmnyn ecjbibaküevotnamducca bebaäv Ecv )aj;hy edogehm kþaregor>>>>. TwkdIExμr Edl)an)at;bg; eday)aramgkat; [evotnamcmnyn 21 extþ eqμahedim eqμahfμi evotnamek 1- kmbg;rskarti eboghva epokfaj; - 30 -

2- eragdmri étnij Lúgnij 3- érbnkr éshán hucimij 4- psmgmbil éset ekonhva 5- ems ems DijePOg 6- ekahkg LúgGan 7- ERBkb ssi KinfW CugyIj 8- lugeha vijlúg 9- RBHRtBaMg Rtavij vijmij 10- psaredk saedk eponpug 11- mat;rcuk cuvduk Gagya:g Lúgesog 12- )arac epoel 13- XøaMg RsukRTaMg xayhvúg )aesog 14- Bam haetog 15- RkmYns ra:cya: ekogya:g econefon 16- Bllav )ak;liv 17- Bam)araC Lúgesog Ganya:g 18- TYltaemak FUy:Uvma:k b íjehog b íjlúg 19- RBHsYKa etokel ehvóg b íjtvi 20- GUrkab; v:ugtav 21- eqμahfμi kingan c- TMnak;TMngExμr-GWr:ub luherkaymketot enaebledlexμreyigcuhgn;fyehiy RtUvBYkCnCatienAGWr:ubcUlmkeFVICMnYj nigefvigananikm eblenahetibman\t iblgwr:ub )anercotculetakñúggriyfm ExμrenAstvtSTI 16 tamry³ Rbdab;RbdareRbIR)as; vitüasa sþ bec kets nigtmlab;xøh²etotducca cab;éd gk;k,alcaedim. eti\t iblbretsedl)anercotculmk GaceFVI[ b mankarekerblkçn³griyfm ExμrEdrb et? BitEmnEt\T iblbrets)anercotculmkercinebbercinya:gk¾eday k¾exμreyigbmuniym niggnuvtþ tamtamgrsugenahet. ExμrEtgEtyk\T ibltamgenahmkekécñ[smrsbtamcmng;cmnulcitþ nigtssn³rbs; Exμr EdlCaehtueFVI[GriyFm ExμrrwtEtsm,ÚN rugerog nigrikcmerinekineligefmetot. b:uenþvtþmangriyfm - 31 -

bretsenakñ úggriyfm Exμr )anefvi[griyfm ExμrEpñkxøHrlb;danesÞIrEtrkRbPBedImBMueXIj. ducenhehiy)an CaGñkR)aCJxøH xmtajsmμtikmμ nigtssn³pþal;xøünmkefvicagmnhgmnag kñúgkarefvinitssn_sþibigriyfm ExμrenH. TsSn³rbs;elak Jentaupain enakñúgesoveparbs;elak EdlmancMNgeCIgfa { Etude sur la littérature Khmère } Kat;mansresrfa GkSrsil, CaPasaExμr EdlsmÁal; { lkçn³exμr }. enakñúgesoveparbs;gñkrsavrcavmñak; EdlmancMNgeCIgfa { Le peleri D'ankor la peuple Khmère} bba ak;fa RbCaCnExμrmanEmkFagecjBIGMbUrGarü. TsSn³rbs;elak Ekb vnñdi elak eba Qin nigelak Qwm Rkesm k¾)anbeba jeyabl;fa GriyFm Exμr manrbpbecjbi\nðaedr. tamtssn³gñkr)acjmyycmnynduc)anebalxageli rymtamgelak hg;rdikekn EBühÁÚrU sut Etyl;fa Exμr KWCaCnCatiGenþaRbevsnþn_ecjBI\NÐa. eticncatiexμrmankmenitekitmkbi\nðaemnb et? CnCatiExμr KWCaCnCatim as;rsukrs;enaelitwkdirbs;xøünmanrcnasm<½n RKb;RKgc,as;las; man TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI ebalkwmangriyfm rbs;xøüncak;lak;munebledlexμrmanl,aycatisasn_. edayep k etaelikarsiksarsavrcavsßaniy_buerrbvtþisa sþenal gs<an enapñmtakrtamextþ)at;dmbg EdlsikSaedayelak RsI myer Mourer EdlCasa sþacarüburanvitüa enamhavitüal½yburanvtßú énsaklvitüal½yvicirtsil,³ enaqñam 1966-1969 )anbba ak;fa TwkdIenHmanmnusSrs;enAtaMgBI 4290 qñam munk>s. CamYyKñaenaH elak kabuenl Carbonel nigelak Dalibrias )anbba ak;fa TwkdIenH manmnussrs;enarbmanca 3420 qñammunk>s enhebitaméksarrsavrcavenasßaniy_buerrbvtþisa sþpñmk,alrmasextþkmbt. Ep kelivtßútagenatamsßaniy_buerrbvtþisa sþsmeragesn EdlRsavRCavedayelak Roque qñam 1876 nigsßaniy_gnøg;epþa EdlsikSaRsavRCavedayelak Mansuy enaqñam1962 nigsßaniy_møúérb EdlsikSa RsavRCavedayelak Paul lévy enaqñam 1943 ek)anrkexijvtßúepsg²efvigmbifμrmlig q wgstv smbkxüg lgðin Edk ducca BUefA snþúc kambit kenþóv Bnøak nigerkogglgáarepsg². ek)ansnñidæanfa enaelitwkdienh manmnussrs;enatamgbism½ybuerrbvtþisa sþmkemøh. b:uenþebitamvtßútagenasßaniy_smeragesnekvaytémøfa enaelitwkdienh manmnussrs;enarbmanca 200 b 100qñaMmunK>s. tamkarsiksarsavrcarbs;rbvtþivitu niggñkr)acjxøh duccaelak hg;rima:kesl elak RkUlIey elak égmu: niej: )anbba ak;fa ExμrCaCnCatiBiessmYysßitenAkñúgGMbUr {mn-exμr }. etimncanrna? CaCnCatirs;enAtamtMbn;emNamRbeTsesom nigtmbn;valtmnabtamtenø \ravti énrbetspumasbvéf. mn)an)at;bg;twkdirbs;xøün tamgbistvtsti 16 mkemøh. - 32 -

tamkarsiksarsavrcav ExμrmankMBs;CamFüm 1 ³ 61 Em:Rt nigmansnþssn_llad_k,al 84/5 nigk,alragmul. \NÐa s BYkGarüagÁ mankmbs;mfüm 1³72 Em:Rt snþssn_llad_k,al 73/8 k,alragby \NÐa exμa BYkRdavId mankmbs;mfüm 1³61 Em:Rt snþssn_llad_k,al 76/2 k,alragby mn mankmbs;mfüm 1³62 snþssn_llad_k,al 85/6 k,alragmul muneblrbh)at h un eton b ehafarbh)at ekanðinü culmkdl;rsukexμr enaeblenah eyigman rcnasm<½nrkb;rkgrbets mantwkdi mankgt½b mantmenomtmlab;rbébni EfmTaMgmanRBHmhakSRtIy_ KW RBHnag livyi b RBHnag esama esayracüenatienahryccaerscetaehiy. ducenh ExμrBMuEmnmanedImkMeNIt ekitbi\nðaenahet. VII. edimkmenitcncatiexμr BaküExμrmkBINa? Bakükm<úCamkBINa? enakñúggmburpasamn-exμrrbs;elak Kg; Gin nigelak Lúc Epøg cuhkñúgtssnavdþiexmr³yankmμ Ex tula qñam 1969 )anbba ak;fa Exμr)annaMKñamkrs;enAtamvalTMnabTenøemKgÁ. mn)anrs;enatamtmbn; emnam énrbetsesom nigtmbn;valtmnabtenø\ravti énrbetspumasbvéf ehiy)an)at;bg;twkdirbs;xøün tamgbistvtsti 16 mkemøh. elak rs; saer:t )anbba ak;enaqñam 1971 faexμrcmnan;edimmantirkugmyyeqμahfa Rkugxm {]btvib EdndIsuvNÑPUmi } xm = mas. xm > km > kemru > xemru > Exμr. elak ekg va:n;sak; yl;facncatiexμrcam as;rsukedim mantwkdibitr)akd edayexμrekarbemcafm { rbbmatafibetyü }. emdak;bubvbt k kem > ekμr > exμr > Exμr riébakükm<úcakøaymkbibucgñkca minemngñk ek etibeha kbucca > kbucca tam)ali nigsm sáwt > km<uúuca. elak hsk hsweds )anbnül;fa ExμrmkBIerOgeRBgenAkñúgsilacarwkbkSIcaMRkug enakñúgstvtsti - 33 -

10 nitanfa esþcexμrmanedimkmenitbi\sikm<ú sv½ymöú nignag emra GbSra KWnageTBGbSr EdlCa GMeNayrbs;RBHsIv³. \sikm<ú > emra > km<úemra > km<úca TsSn³elak s½r hsweds nigelak viriypikçú)a:gxat; ³ elak s½r hsweds CaGñkR)aCJ)araMgd¾ l,il,ajmñak; Edl)ansikSaRsavRCavGMBIsilacarwkenARbeTskm<úCa ehiy)ancmnayeblmyypakfm éncivit rbs;elak edim,isiksarsavrcavgmbiedimkmenitexμr. elak)anefvimrn³kalkñúgcnμayu 83 qñamenatirkug)aris. elak hsweds )anbnsl;tuknuvsñaéd EdlmantémøCaeRcIn ehiyedltak;tgetanwggriyfm Exμr KWesovePA myy EdlmancMNgeCIgfa Histoire Ancienne Des Etats Hindouises EdleyIg)andkRsgkñúgTMB½rTI 80 kñúgxøamyyedl)anniyaygmbiedimkmenit énbaküexμr ehiyedleyigbkerbcapasacati ducxagerkamenh tamerogerbgtak;tgnwgsnþivgs Dynastie Exμr Edl)anrkSaTukenAkñúgsilacariknastvtSTI 10 )an[dwggmbiedimkmenit énesþcexμr EdlecjmkBIkarrYmsm<½n rvag\sikm<ú { sv½ymöú ³ ekitég } bubvbursdmbug rbs;km<úca nignaggbsraemra {GMeNayrbs;RBHsIv³ } ehiyedleqμahenahrbehlerbrbyl edim,ibnül;gmbi Exμr. TsSn³rbs;elak s½r hsweds enh )anrtuvkamrtedayrbhpikçú )a:gxat; EfmTaMg)anykeTAeFVIbzkfa tamtssnavdþibut siksaqñamti 1 elx 5 qñam 1957 ducmangtßbtdkrsgxagerkamenh { kñúggtitkal EpndI eyig EdlehAfakm<úCasBVéf enh manbirpakfm² PaKxagelIehAfa ecnla {ecnla} PaKxageRkamehAfa hvúnn { PñM }. edimeliyecnla enaerkamgmnachvúnn KWsmnþraCnKrhVÚNn. ÉesþcesayraCübnþ rhutmk kñúgpakednditamgbirenh manvgsepsg²kña KWxagnKrPñMenAxagt,ÚgCaesamvgS ÉPaKxageCIg KW ecnlasurüvgs esamvgs nigsurvgsenh Cavb,Fm \NÐa. RbeTs\NÐamanRbéBNIenHGs;kald¾yUrlg;mk ehiy KWfa k- esamvgscarbébniekitecjmkbiesametb {RBHc½nÞ } EdleTBtamYyGgÁ kñ úglt isasnarbahμn_ manrubtmnagrbhrkwnñ³ EdlCaGvtarbs;RBHvisÑú kñúgerogmhapart. X- surüvgs CaRbéBNIekItecjBIsUrüeTB { RBHGaTitü } EdlmantYGgÁtMNagKW RBHram CaGvta rbs;rbhvisñú kñúgerogramayn³. cmenkenarbetsexμreyigvij tamsilacarwkenar)asattarbhμ RBHraCFItaxagsUrvgS { vgsrsi km<úemra } )anrbh)at Pvrμ½n xagesamvgscasvami. eyig)ancmøgykrbébnienh mkerbiduccarbébnisklelakedr kñúgkaledlvb,fm \NÐahUr - 34 -

culmkkñúgrbetseyigehiy. ÉbbuBVehtu EdlnaM[ekIt)anCaRbéBNIeLIgmundMbUgenaH KW esamvgsxagnkrpñmekitelig GaRs½yykkarsm<½n racabiburankw RBH)aT h uneton b ekanðinü nig nag liv yi b nag esama KW ekanð inü nigrbhracfita énrbhesam { silacarwkbksicamrkugkafa 16 } silacarwk miswn Nhatrang K>s 658 famanrbahμn_mñak;mkbirbets\nða ekatr³ ekark³ekanðinü )anlmebgbi GsVatm½n CabuRt ertan³ ehiytmál;tukkñúgpvbur³ ebalkw)antwkdi )anracfitarbs;rbhesamcaetbi. survgsekiteligbism<½n \sikm<ú nignag emra sursunþri. ebitamkarerbemiemilmkbisilacarwkr)asatbksi camrkugvijrtg;kafa 11-12 RbEhlCaRBH efag nig naki erogrbhefagnagnnak. tamrbvtþisa sþ karpøas;bþúrsm½ynkrpñmetacasm½yecnlavijenh edaymanbubvehtufa kñúg rvagstvtsti 6 RBHraCrtþaRBH)aT rurtvrμ½n RBHnam vrvrμ½n xagesamvgs)anrbhnag km<úcaclsi xag surüvgscarbhetbi. RBHraCkumarGgÁenH )anvaydenþ ImyksmnþraC {smnþracecnla} ehiyeligesayracü manrbhbrmnamfa RBH)aTPvrμ½nTI 1. RBHmhakSRtGgÁenH manrbhganucrbhnamcirtesna CMnajxagyuT vifi )anelikblerh_etavayknkrpñ MRkug vüafbur³ = vyfbur³ sbvéf KW)aPñ M extþérbevg ehiyyknkrpñmcasmnþrac ecnlavij. eday sarc½ycmnhelinkrpñmenhehiy etibgñkr)acjrbvtþisa sþ)an[eqμahsm½yenahfa Ca sm½yecnla EdlmanesþcesayraCüsnþivgSKW Pvrμ½nTI1 cirtesnameh\ nþvrμ½n sanvrμ½n Pvrμ½nTI 2 C½yvrμ½nTI 1 tmketotecnlak¾ebk)ak;cabirkw ecnlaeli nigecnlaerkam RbEhlqñaM 802 énk>s man RBHmhakSRtmYyGgÁRBHnam C½yrvμ½nTI 2 EpñkxagsUrüvgS)aneLIgRKgraCü edayb T anupab)anrbmulpþúm ecnlatamgbir[ékpabkñaeligvij. sm½yerkayenh ehafasm½ymhankr BIeRBaHsm½yenH manr)agá R)asaTFM² x<s;sá wmésácaercin. esckþ I)andkRsgmkxagelIenH )anbgðaj[exijc,as;fa vb,fm GriyFm ExμrBitCamanTMnak;TMngya:gCitsñiT CamYy\NÐa nigttyl\t ibl\nða. ducenh TsSn³rbs;elak hsweds EdlsnñidæanfaExμr manedimkmenitmkbi \sikm<ú nignag emra EdlnaM[ekIteQμaHkm<úCa b ExμrenH Cakar smrmünas;. edim,i[kan;etyl;c,as;biedimkmenit énbaküexμr nigkm<úca eyigelikykesckþigfib,ayrbs; RBHPikçú viriy)a:gxag tetaetot. BaküfaExμr kalbism½ybuurankñúgrbvtþisa sþtag Histoire distang K>s 608-680. cin eha { KIma:v }. silacarwkcamenaja:rtag ( Nhatrang ) Exμrfa { KμI } esom LavehAfa {ekμr{ evotnam ehafa { kaem:n b kavemon }. cmebahcncatidétetotehaducxagelienh RbEhleKehAExμreyIgBMuc,as;cM eqμah tamelak s r hsweds eyiggacenamanbakü km<ú emra > km<úemra > km<úca. k emr > ekμr > - 35 -

exμr > Exμr tamdmenirenh k¾tmngsmrmü nigykcakar)anedr. müa:getottamsilacarwk ekbinitüexij sresret { ekμr } b:uenñah. etigriyfm ExμrmanlkçN³BiessdUcemþcxøH? GriyFm ExμrmanlkçN³BiessBIrya:gKW lkçn³cati ³ CalkçN³sßitesßrrbs;RbCaCatikm<úCa EdlrYmman TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI sil,³ sasna PUmisa sþ TwkdI >>>>>>> RBlwgCati GtþsBaØaNCati. \T ibl EdlminsmRsbtamcMNg;cMNUl citþrbs;rbcacatiexμr RtUv)anTat;ecalTaMgRsug. lkçn³smeyak ³ CalkçN³ Edlbt;EbnTn;Pøn;eTAtamGVI EdlmanlkçN³rIkceRmIn edayykmk Ekécñ RbDit[mkCalkçN³Cati CatUbnIykmμ mann½yfa ExμrminTTYlykGriyFm bretstamgrsugeliy. edim,i[yl;kan;etc,as;sþigmbivb,fm GriyFm Exμr eyigrtuvetsiksabenßmetotetaelivb,fm GriyFm {GU sþúgasiu } VII. vb,fm GriyFm GU sþúgasiu GasIuxagt,Úg GU sþúgasiuxagt,úg EdlkMNt;cab;BIRbeTs\NÐadl;RbeTscinxagt,Úg rhutdl;rbetsnuevlkien kñúgmhasmurt)a:siupic. vb,fm GU sþúgasiugacehamüa:getotfa vb,fm GriyFm xül;musug b xül;rduv BIeRBaH tmbn;enhmanxül;rduvetogtat;. ekgacsegátexijmnusscati Edlrs;enAtMbn;enHmanvb,Fm duckñaxøh ducca - 36 -

CMenO ekgacefviersvssa ekecherbieka erbirkbi echerbi]bkrn_efviers echsøelah³fatu nigsþat;cmnajkñúg navacr. kñúgvis½ysgámkic ekcat;tuk sþicafmkñúgrkysar nigkñúgsgámekrab;jatitamexsrrslayxagmþay enakñúgrbetsexμrsbvéf sþik¾mantynatifmkñúgrkysaredr { cg;)an sþicarbbn ekrtuvculsþidnþwg ehiyeblxøh ekrtuvetabermixagrsibi 2 eta 3 Ex b elisbienhetaetotbi 6 eta 1 qñampgk¾swgman }. enaeblerob GaBah_BiBah_ ekrtuvetaefvibifienapþhxagrsi. eblerobkarryc kunrbusexμrrtuvetars;enapþhxagrsi. enarbets\nða nigrbtscinvij ekminelik sþicafmet ekebrcabenßak sþi edaycat;tuk sþica GñkGn;kñúgsgÁm. enarbets\nða tamgbierbgnaymk sþiemma:ykμansit iykbþietoteliy kalnabþisøab; eta RtUvenAbeRmI RKYsarxagbþIbnþeTAeTot b k¾rtuvelatculepøigsmøab;xøüntambþi. cmenkenakñúgsgámcinvij ek[témøetaelibursedr kñúgrkysarcinnimyy² KWbþICaGñkmanmuxgar smxan; kñúgkarttylxusrtuv. ebi«buksøab;eta kunrbusc,gcagñkrkb;rkg b TTYltMENgsMxan;CMnYs«Buk cmenkékunrsi KμantYnaTIvij KμantYnaTIGVIbnþiceLIy. eblerobgabah_bibah_ryc kunrsirtuvetars;enapþhxag kunrbus ebibþisøab;eta sþicin k¾enabermirkysarxagbþitetaetot. EpñkCMenOmnusSCan;edImfa mnusseyigrblwgmanbirbept KWRBlwgFM RBlwgtUc nigrblwgbnþab; bnsmetot. RBlwgFMecjBIkñ úgxø Ün 6 Ex munebl søab; RBlwgtUcecjenAeBlsøab; nig RBlwg bnþab;bnsmcakecj BIkñúgxøÜn \mnusssøab; 6 Ex erkaybisøab;mk. sbvéf enh enatamtmbn; x<g;rab k¾enamancmenoebbenhedr ExμreyIgenA manrhutdl;sbvéf enaeliy. enaeblsøab; b muneblsøab; jatimitþrbs;bukálsøab;etg EtnaMKñaerobcMkenÞag b Rbdab;Rbdarrbs;buKÁl søab; EdlFøab;eRbI ehiybba Ún[eTAdl;buKÁl søab;enah. enaeblsøab; b muneblsøab; jati mitþrbs;bukálsøab;tamggs; )anerobcmefvibifi - 37 -

rmlaysb eday dak;sbenakñúgrkl[ggáúyecamehag edaybmbak;erkogglgáar rycyketakb;enaerkam fμdul. cmebahsbrbs;gñkmanbnþas½kiþ b esþc ekyksbetadak;kñúgekadi[ggáúyecamehag bmbak;erkog Glgáar. CMenOTaMgGs; duc)anebalxageli mkbibykekenacmnan;enah mancmenofamnusssøab;eta RBlwg \tsøab;et RBlwgBitCaminsabsUnü ehiy)annametadl;karekarbeliexμac b ekarbelirblwggñktamggs;enah EdlmanlMnaMtaMgBIBYkeKrs;enACaRkumkulsm<½n ekarbrblwgemrkumkulsm<½n ebalkwrblwgemdwknam Gñk ts URbkbedayvIrPaBTaMgLay EdlsBVéf enamaneqμahfa CMenOeTAelIGarkSGñkta. GñktaCaGVI? Gñkta KWCaRBlwgrbs;vIrCnrbs; emk nþaj rbs;kulsm<½n rbs;emt½b EdlFøab;manKuNbMNac; CYy dl;kunecarbcara sþ kaledlbykkat;enars;. luhdl;eblbykkat;søab;eta RBlwgrbs;BYkKat;eTAekItCa Gñkta b GñkdUn Gñkyay ekecofa enaebledlgñkdunenars; Føab;Et[suxsuPmgÁl dl;smacikkñúgrkysar kñúgkulsm<½n enaebledl Kat;søab;eTA Kat;enAEtEfrkSa[sux b [Tukçdl;BYkeKdEdl. CMenOelIGñkta man\t iblya:gxøamgkøa etaeli RbCara sþeyig BiessenAtMbn;dac;Rsyal EdlviTüasa sþbmutan;econelon. rhutmkdl;sbvéf enh CMenO etaeligñkta k¾enamanenaeliy ehiyekefvibunüfvaygñkta b ehamüa:getot fa efvibunüeliggñkta edim,isermc)anesckþisux esckþicmerin enaebledlbykekcybrbth nwgerkahfmμcati epsg²ducca KμanePøóg ekefvibunü eliggñkta edim,ismutwkepøóg. enatamtmbn;xøh ekefvibunüeliggñktaenahaléf b dutkmedaedim,i[gñktapþl;twkepøóg. TMenom elakta elakyay xþmgñkta b Gasn³elakta elakyay - 38 -

TMlab;enH )anch\t iblefmetotduccaenaeblkμanepøógføak; eketgetnimnþrbhsgçetasurtmnþhaléf edim,ismutwkepøógedr. edaysarcmenoetaelirblwgrbs;mnusscmnan;edimenhehiy etibrbhμbaøsasna nigbut sasna EdlmanCMenOeTAelIRBlwgrbs;mnusSenaH )anercotculmkpsbvpsaykñúgsgámexμr)anedaygay. TnÞwmnwgenHEdr mnussexμredim mancmenoekarbtikenøgedlx<s;ducca PñM dmbuk edimeqifm² BIeRBaHeKyl;fa CakEnøgGarkS Gñktasñak;enA. edaysaretexμredimmancmenoelitikenøg Edlx<s;enHehIy )ancaelak {Gam:UnIej } Bnül;BIkarksagR)asaTPñMfa k¾mankartak;tgetanwgcmenoebbenhedr. müa:getot GñkRsukedImmanCMenOelI Twk di epøig xül; sut EtCaGaTieTBTaMgGs; Edl[esckþI sux b esckþitukçdl;ek duecñhehiy)ancaenaeblmanepøógføak;fm manxül;e)akbk;xøamg eketgetgucfubsum GgVrRBHGaTieTBTaMgenaH edim,ignuerkahdl;bykek. kñúgkarrbkbrbrciba wmcivit k¾ekgucfub edim,ismuesckþisux cmerinbirbhpumiedr { EsnRkugBalI }. srubesckþimk CnCatiGU sþúgasiumanvb,fm GriyFm rbs;xøünmyyya:gc,as;las; ryccaersceta ehiy muneblttylykvb,fm rbs;cncatimyyetot cmenkexμr)anttyl\t iblvb,fm GriyFm PaKeRcInBI \NÐa enakñúgkmlúgstvtsti 2 munk>s BiessKW GesakmharaC Edl)anbBa ÚnsamN³sgÇBIrGgÁKWw]tþretßr nig esanetßr mkpsbvpsaybut sasnaenapumipakgasiugaekñy_eyig. etirbhbut sasnaenakñúrbhracanacrkkm<úcabc úb,nñ)ancyygvixøh dl;sgámexμreyigtamgxag pøúvelak nigxagpøúvfm? xagpøúvelak ³ vtþgaram tamgbiburankalmk )ancyyrtrtg;ya:g xøamgkøa dl;sgámexμreyig rhutmkdl; bc úb,nñenh rymman )ancyyefrksa karbar ksag vb,fm GriyFm TMenomTMlab; RbéBNI Exμr [sßitesßr enakg;vgsbicmnan;myyeta CMnan; myy. Casalaeron nigcaxøamg smrab;pþúkkm<irk,ünxñat srmab;bnþúhbuc FarRKb;Ebbya:g tamry³karsiksaeron surtt²kña efvibunütan rksasil nig esckþipavna CaedIm. - 39 -

CasalaBhubec kets EdlbNþúHbNþal nuvvic aciv³rkb;ebbya:g BIeRBaHfavtþGaramCMnan;edIm ek)anbnþúhbnþal Fmμvin½y Fm Gaf nigrkb;kic karedlmankñúgsgámducca Cagsagsg;pÞHsMEbg etak erkog ke Ba g ngá½lrnas; l I >>>>>. CamnÞIreBTüBüa)aleraKaBüaFi edaykarersactwk surtmnþrmedaherkah nigetsnagb;rmxag pøúvcitþkmnitcaedim. CamCÄmNÐlpSBVpSaysamKÁIFm nigbnþúhkmnitékpabcati rymcmenkksagsmit plrkb;ebb y:ag edim,iberbisgámcati. ]TahrN_ ³ efvibunüykbc ½yksagpøÚvfñl; efvis<an RsH GNþÚg RbLay TMnb; Twk b damduhedimeqiepsg². dwknammnuss[rslaj;brisßan FmμCati dwknammnuss[rslaj;lit irbca- Fibetyü ekarbsit ikñaetavijetamk kñúg ekalbmngrksa [)annuvvb,fm snþipab BIeRBaHfa RBHBuT KWCaemdwknaMénliT irbca- FibetyümuneK tamry³but vcn³ 84000 Fmμkç½n enahég. CakEnøgrMgab;GarmμN_ Rsay bbaðatmnas;vibtþirkb;ebbya:g edayqr eliekalcmhrkaykmμbi edaykay vci kmμbyn edayvaca nigmenakmμbi eday citþ. CaCRmksñak;GaRs½yrbs;Gñk dmenircitq ay siss nissit nigturktcn RKb;RbePT EdlKμanbgb ÚnBwgBak;GaRs½y enatienah. xagpøúvfm ³ tambut vcn³tamg 84000 Fmμkç½n rbs;rbhsmμasm<út RBHGgÁ - 40 -

EtgEtGb;rMTUnμaneRbonRbedA [RbRBwtþEtGMeBIl RKb;Ebbya:gtamry³ kay vaca citþ smrsbetanwg c,ab;rs;enarbs;mnuss c,ab;rdæ nigrsbetatamlt irbcafibetyü edim,iksagsgámmyymansc ³Fm KuNFm tmøapab nigpabrugerog eq<aheta nitirdæ. - 41 -

GMBIsasna sasnakøaymkbibaküfa ³ sasn³ Edlmann½yfa bnþam kartunμanerbonrbeda kargb;rm. sasna CaRTg;RTay énmnsikarsgám énrcnasm<½n Can;x<s; EdlqøúHbBa amgedaykarrevirvayrsemirsém kñúg xyrk,alrbs;mnuss. Gtßn½y énbaküsasna b lt isasnabmuemnsßitenaetrtg;cmeno bbaðafm nigkarekarb RbNibtn_b:ueNÑaHeT KWRtUvmanGgÁkarBiessmYy srmab;rtrtg; EfrkSalT isasnaenah [manesßrpabtamg enacasßabbrevgq aytetaetot. enaelielakeyigenh mansasnacaercinducca sasnarbahμn_ b RBhμBaØsasna manrbpb edimmkbirbets\nða RBHBuT sasna mkbirbets\nða sasnarkwsþ manrbpbmkbirbetsehsri sasna\søam manrbpbmkbirbetsgara:b; sasnaeta manrbpbmkbirbetscin sasnasiuntu man RbPBmkBIRbeTsCb:un nigsasnaecn manrbpbmkbirbets\nða. I.RbPBénsasna eticncatiexμreyigdmbugeliymansasnaedrb et? kñúgsm½ybubvkal karrs;enarbs;mnuss EtgEtCYbRbTH nuvkarlm)aknwg)atuputepsg² rbs; FmμCati. ral;)atuputtamggs;etgetkmramkmehg dl;civpabrs;enarbs;mnuss efvi[mnussxøbxøac cuhj:m BIeRBaHmnusSmankRmityl;dwgTab BMumanlT PaBBnül;PaBBit niggaf km)amgénfmμcatitamggs;enah)anet. ekecofa RKb;)atuPUt énkarp½ykøacrn t;jab;j½r EdlekIteLIgCaRbcaMkñúgxøÜnmnusS KwenAeBlenaHehIy EdlsasnaekItmaneLIg. duecñh ekk¾ecofa RKb;)atuPUtTaMgGs; sut EtekIteLIgedaysarnrNamñak;CaGñk begáit exñitenah KWCaRBHGaTieTBenHÉg. mnussecofa Twk di epøig xül; epøóg sut EtCaGaTieTBenHÉg. sasnamanrbpbmyyetot KWenAkñúgrbbEbgEckvNÑ³ erkayebledlrbbtaspab { shkmbubv - kal} )an)at;bg;eta rbbebgeckvnñ³ k¾ekitmanelig. kñúgsgámeckvnñ³ manvnñ³cihcan;)anekgrbv½ba CiHCan;ya:géRBépSeTAelIvNÑ³ EdlRtUveKCiHCan;ya:geXareXACaTIbMput. bnþakub,kmμrbs;vnñ³ EdlRtUveKCiHCan; RtUv)aneKvayrMlMrMlayBnøicTaMgGs; vnñ³enhmindwgrk pøúvnamyy edim,irmedahxøün[putbikarrs;enaya:gevtnacak;esþgenh)an ekk¾rkmefüa)ayfμi KWkarrMedaHcitþ rmedahkmnit edim,i[rs;enarbkbedayesckþisuxsupmgáletacatierkay KWzansYK zannibvan>>>>>. enh k¾ CaRbPBnaM [sasnaekiteligedr. - 42 -

II. RBhμBaØsasna RBhμBaØsasna b RBahμN_sasna CasasnamYyrbs;CnCati\NÐa EdleK)aneKarBenAqñaM 1500 mun K>s Avent J.C. sasnarbahμn_ )anculmkdl;rbetskm<úcatamry³qμüj Edl)aneFVIdMeNIrtam smebamklk;durenakñúgtmbn;gasiugaekñy_. müa:getot karhurcul én\t iblsasnatamktamry³rbh)at h uneton Hun Tien EdlCakUnesþc énrbets\nða)anerobgabah_bibah_camyyrbhnag liv yi erkaybikar vaylukluymkeliekahekakføkenasvtsti 1. tamkarsiksarsavénsasna ekeckca 3 dmnak;kalfm²kw 1- sm½yevtniym ³ Védisme { 1500-1550 munk>s} Avant J.C 2- sm½yrbhμn_niym ³ Brahmanisme { 1550 munk>s dl; stvtsti 10 énk>s } 3- sm½yhinðúniym ³ Hindouisme {stvtsti 10 dl; bc úb,nñ } 1- evtniym Védisme evtniym KWCalT iburanmyyenarbets\nða. BYkRBahμN_)ancat;Tukfa evtkwcabut id¾bisidæ EdlGaTieTBeFVIGMeNay[ BIeRBaHGaTieTB)anRbKl;[mnusSedImdMbUgbMputenAkñúgelakeyIgenH mnuss )anpsaykm<irevtdl;byk\si. BYk\sI)anbeRgonevTmnþdl;BYkRBahμN_ bergontamkaryl;exij kar surttam KμansiT iceckrkxusrtuv BIeRBaHeKyl;fa RBHGaTieTBmanlkçN³sc ³rYceTAehIy. duecñh BYk RBahμN_mansiT ipþac;mux kñúgkarpsbvpsay nigkan;kab;km<irevt. Km<IrevT )anpøas;bþúretatamkarvivtþduc xagerkam sm½smhita sm½yrbahμn_ sm½ygarnük³ sm½y]bnis½t Km<IrsMhita Km<IrsMhita KWCakRmgkMNaBü EdlniyayGMBIkarekatsresIrdl;GaTieTB nigkunubkar³ rbs;gatietb EdleR)asstVelak. Km<IrRBahμN_ Km<IrRBahμN_ KWCaBaküEpþpþaMrbs;RBHRBhμ[dl;RBahμN_ sþibikarbygsyggatietb efvi[mnuss mancmenoya:gkøamgkøa. Km<IrGarNük³ Km<IrGarNük³ KWCaKm<IrEdlniyayGMBImnþGaKm srmab;surtkñúgérb edim,iecosvagnuverkah fñak;tamglay. - 43 -

Km<Ir]bnis½T Km<Ir]bnis½T KWCaKm<IrmYy sßitenakñúgsm½yevt Edl)anelIkeLIgvij nuvkm<irtamg 3 xageli nigbtbba aepsg² dl;bykrbahμn_détetot. Km<IrenH )angfib,aygmbikarekit - søab;rbs;mnuss. k- Gatμ½n Ame Uiverselle enaebledlmnusssøab;eta Gatμ½n)aneTACYbnwgRBhμ½n. Gatμ½n KWCasarCatid¾brisuT EbkecjBI RBhμ½n. erkaybicybkñanwgrbhμ½nehiy RtUvseRmceTAtamkm n { kmμrbs;xøün }. karcyyrbhμ½n b mincyy erscetetaelikm n. RBhμ½n KWCaPav³TaMgLay EdlekIteLIgedaysarFatubrisuT rbs;rbhrbhμ EdlCaGaTieTB Dieu. tamkm<ir]bnis½t RBhμ½n { emrblwg } smáal;rblwgsklehafa emrblwg = RBlwgFM enakñúgrblwgfmman RBlwgtUcehAfa Gatμ½n { Âme Universelle}. ducenh RBhμ½n niggatμ½nmanfatuetmyyékpav³. ekgac erbobefobrbhμ½n-gatμ½netanwgtwksmurt TwkePøóg TwksenSIm EdlCaFatuEtmYy BIeRBaHFatuTaMgGs;enH sut EtecjBImhasmuRTdUcKña. enaebledlmnusssøab;eta rubragkayrtuvvinas EtGatμ½nBMusøab;eT. Gatμ½n )anecjbirubrag kay ehiyetaculkñúgrubragkayfμietot. kaledletaculkñúgrubragkayfμienh edaysarkmøamgmyy eha fa {km n} KWCakarvileTAvilmkkñúgvalvdþsgSar {karvilekit vilsøab; }. km n b kmμ smáal;pøúvl b pøúvgarkk;etatampøúvkay pøúvcitþ EdleyIg)anRbRBwtþkñúgsasnaRBahμN_ mann½yfa smáal;bubvehtuénkarekit-søab; smáal;nuvtmnak;tmnggmebi nigpl. GMeBI Edl)aneFVIminsabrlabenaHeT vaetgettak;tgkñacanic kñúgbc úb,nñkal b GtItkal niggnaktkal. 1- értevt ³ Km<IrevTman 3 EdleKehAfaéRtevTenaH 1- b kevt Regveda 2- samevt Samveda 3- yvcur evt Yajurveda erkaymkekbenßmkm<irmyyetot KWKm<IrTI 4 Gf vevt Km<Irb kevt Km<Irb kevt KWCaKm<IrEdlsresrGMBIGaTieTB nigetv³epsg² srmab;bygsygggvrgatietb etv³[ )ansmerc. - 44 -

Km<IrsamevT samevtkm<ir KWCaKm<Ir smrab;[tn;citþ { bnþn; } etv³epsg² kñúgeblmanbifibuca. Km<IryCur evt Km<IryCur evt KWCaKm<Ir smrab;bygsyggatietb[mangmnac sirisysþi. Km<IrGf vevt Km<IrGf vevt KWCaKm<IrmnþGaKmKafa surtbenþjrbaybisac GarkSGñkta nigmnþgakmepsg² détetot. 2- BuT icmebahgatietb RBahμN_sasna k¾rtuvyl;fa GaTieTB KWCaeTv³FMbg s; EdlekItmuneKbMputkñúgelaksV½ymÖÚ {edayékég } mantynaticagñkbegáitelak EfrkSaelak nigbmpøajelak. duecñhehiy )ancaedimi,[rs; enakñúgelak )ancybnwgesckþisuxeksmksanþ ecosputbitukçesakcayfaehtu RBahμN_sasnik RtUvEteKarB GaTieTB edirtam»vatgatietb { Km<IrevT } nigmanpkþipabcmebahgatietb. GaTieTBmanKuNsm,tþi 10 Rbkar EdlRBahμN_sasnikKYreKarBRbNib½tn_tam. KuNsm,tþi TaMg 10 RbkarenaH rymman svymöú ³ ekitég Gmt³ ³ minechsøab; min)at;bg; minsabsunü mhtþ³ ³ sem,im Gs arü mhit i ³ KμanKUrRbECg KμanKUrRbdUc etc³ ³ b T i)armid¾xøamgkøa sbvbbaúø ³ echdwg yl;sbvrkb;esckþi jan ³ EPñkTiBV RtecokTiBV RBhμcarü ³ RbkbeTAedayRBhμviharFm niml ³ KμanmnÞilesAhμg s atbrisut sc ³ ³ etogtat; KμanlMeGog 3- BuT icmebahpav³elak³ kñúgvdþsgsar RBahμN_sasnik RtUvyl;faPavelakkñúgcRkvaLenH mantamgkm ³ km n Gatμ½n RBhμ½n - 45 -

mnuss stv TwkdI rukçcati epøig xül;. FmμCatiTaMgGs;enH sut Et)anekIteLIg rikduhdalelig nigebl rlt;etavij edaysargmnacmhit ib T rbs;gatietb. ebalkw GaTieTBCam as;pavelak³ kñúgcrkval Edl bgá[pavelak mankarerbrbyl pøas;bþúrspabbmuetogtat;sßitesßr. vdþsgsar ³ KWCadMeNIrGenÞaleTAmk vilekit vilsøab; b CadMeNIrekItsøab; søab;ekit vilcuhvil elig duckg;crkval. sgsarvdþ ³ KWCaRbPBTukçesakrbs;mnusS Pavelak { CIvit } EdlekIteLIgedaysarkm ³ nig Gatμ½npþac;xøÜnecjBIRBhμ½n. RBhμ½nCabzmviBaØaN EdldUcCapáaePøIgxÞatecjBIregIkePøIg b erbobduccadmnk; TwkePøóg EdlekItecjBITwksmuRT. Gatμ½nrbs;Pavelak EdldwknaMedaykm ³ krmnwgman»kascakecj putbisgsarvdþetacybnwgrbhμ½nvijeliy CYnGenÞaleyankekItCamnusS stv FmμCati minetogesaheliy. mnuss ³ CaPav³elak EdlmanCIvit manclna { km ³} nigmankmnitbbaøa {Gatμ½n }. mnuss ekit eligedaysarrbhrbhμ {RBhμ½n} bba ÚnGatμ½n[mkeyankMeNItkñúgPavelak³. duecñh ehiy)ancamnuss RtUvrs;enACaPavelakmanCan;fñak; x<s; Tab xus²kñaetatamkm ³CaGñkkMNt; { mnu } kñúgm<irevt)anecgfa RtkUlRBahμN_ ekitbimat;rbahμn_ RtkUlkSRt ekitbirtugrbhrbhμ RtkUlévsS³ ekitecjbiepøarbhrbhμ RtkUlsURT³ ekitecjbiecigrbhrbhμ edaykmenitmnussekiteligbikalrbs;rbhrbhμxuskñaducenhehiy etib { c,ab;mnu }kmnt;mnuss [manvnñ³epsg²bikña etatamkayrbhrbhμkw vnñ³rbahμn_ esøókbak;s CaGñkpSaysasna vnñ³ksrt esøókbak;rkhmcagñkefviswk vnñ³evsü³ esøókbak;elogcagñkefvicmnyj vnñ³surt³ esøókbak;exμa CaTaskr kmμkr luherkaymkedaysar BYkRBahμN_mincg;[vNÑ³TaMgbYncgsm<½n vgsnwgkña BiessebIvNÑ³ RBahμN_ vnñ³ksrt nigvnñ³evsü³cgsm<½n nwgvnñ³surt³ EdlCavNÑ³efakTab kñúgsgám etibbykrbahμn_ dak;bbaøti nuvvnñ³tamgenh ekiteligedaysar)atecigrbhrbhμ. edaymefüa)ayenhehiy etibsasnahinðúniymefrksavnñ³pabkñúgsgám)an. b:uenþetahbica ya:gnak¾eday k¾c,ab;mnu ena)aneliktemáigmnusscagek kñúgcmenampav³elakenh ducya:gtssn³ecgfa - 46 -

{ RbéBbMput énpavelak KWPav³manCIvit RbéBbMput énpav³mancivit KWPav³stVmanclna RbéBbMput én Pav³stVmanclna KWstVmanbBaØa RbéBbMputénstVmanKMnitbBaØa KWmnusS RbéBbMputkñúgcMeNammnusS KW vnñ³rbahμn_. tamry³tssn³ { c,ab;mnu } KWCaBuT ibisidærbs;km<irevtenh EdlEsþg[eXIjfavNÑ³RBahμN_ CaRsTab;mnusS]tþúg]tþmRbesIr brisut enakñúgsgám. km ³ b km n CakmøaMgrujRcanGatμ½n[dac;BIRBhμ½n nigcakmøamgrujrcangatμ½n[vilvl;kñúgvdþsgsar CYb suxtukç RKb;Ebby:ag. duecñh km nhak;biduccasmáal;nuvpavgarkk;birya:gkw müa:gsmáal; bubvehtuéngmebibnþkña kñúgkarbegáitpavelakkñúgvdæsgsar nigmüa:getot smáal;nuvtmnak;tmngbicab;kñacitsñit Canic kalrvaggmebi nigpl duecñhkm n GackMNt;dl;Pav³CargVan; nigpav³caetasrbs;gatμ½n BMuGachamXat;)aneLIy ducya:g GMeBIxøHeFVIehIyhucplPøam² riégmebixøhetotefviehiy EtBMu)anhucplPøamkþI k¾etagnaktnwgtam rujrcangatμ½n [TTYlplF n; b RsaleTAtamkm nminelgeliy. Gatμ½nCaÉkFatumYyBiess EdlEbkecjmkGMBIRBhμ½ncUlmksNæitkñúgrUbragkaymnusS stv RKb;rUbkñúgelak. Gatμ½n nigrbhμ½n KWCaFatuEtmYy EdleRbobbIdUcCaTwksmuRT nigtwkepøógcafatutwket myy duckña KμannrNabegáItnrNaeLIy. Gatμ½nkalebIXøatq aybirbhμ½nehiy BMugaynwg)anRtLb;eTACYbRBhμ½nvij)anedaygayeLIy erbah km nca)abkmμraramgsþak;dmenirgatμ½n. km n )anbnþal[gatμ½nttylrgnuvplepsg² etatamrubkay EdlGatμ½nsNæitenA ehiyvilvl;kñúgsgsarvdþrktibmputkμaneliy. Gatμ½neRbobbIdUcCaTwkePøóg EdlekItBI cmhaytwksmurt enaeblføak;mkepndivijmingaynwg)anhurculsmurtvijnas;. b:uenþgatμ½n ebi)anetacyb RBhμ½nehIyeQμaHfarYcputBIsgSarvdþ KWemakS³ RbkbedaybribNÑsuxd¾brisuT ebalkw Gatμ½nElgvilmkcUl rubragkaymnussstvetotehiy. RBhμ½n CaPav³edIménelak nigcarblwgskl smrab;begáitgatμ½nénelak. CarYmRBhμ½n KWCaPav³ EdlekIteLIgedaysarPaKl it² nigpabbrisut rbs;rbhrbhμ ehiyk¾caetvbegáitcrkval. srubesckþimk enakñúgvdþsgsar mnuss stv rgtukçetasekitsøab; søab;ekitedaysargatμ½n Cab;CMBak;nwgkm n. ducenh edim,irmedahgatμ½n[etacybnwgrbhμ½n EdlCaTIbrmsuxenaH mnussrtuvetxitxm RbwgsagGMeBICakuslkmμ nigsmgatkayvacacitþ [)ans atbrisut R)ascakeRKOgmnÞisesAhμg edayrbrbwtþ RbtibtþitamdMbUlnμan énkm<irevt. - 47 -

4- BuT icmebahkarrbtibtþikñúgsasna edaykm<irevtecgfa { Pavelak sut EtekIteLIgedayGaTieTB } duecñh GaTieTBGac[sux Tukç l GaRkk; cmerin vinas dl;mnuss stvrbkb;rubtamggs;. ebalkw edim,i)anesckþisuxsb,ayeksmksanþcak TukçeTas kñúgvdþsgsar nigedim,irmedahgatμ½n[etacybnwgrbhμ½nvij RBahμsasnikRtUvRbtibtþitambTbBaØti rbs;evt RbtibtþiviFIRBhμcarü ³ CaBiFIGb;rMcitþkay GtþbuKÁlmñak;²[RbRBwtþEtkuslkmμbrisuT ducrbhrbhμ ebalkw lhbg;[gs;nuvcmng;tnða kñúgvdþsgsarmantamgkun RbBn RTBüsm,tþi kitþiys>>>> ehiyetaesvgrk BuT isaklü { Fm RbkbedayRBhμviharFm KW emtþa kruna mutita ]ebkça } psbvpsaydl;stvsbvelak. vifi RBhμcarü )andl;kartmál;citþkayenakñúgrbhμviharfm edim,irmedahgatμ½n[ecjbikm n. RbtibtþiviFIeyaK³ ³ CaviFIGb;rMcitþ[nwghñr brisut \tmnþilesahμg ebalkwtmál;citþ[sßitenakñúg spabs b; kmu[rmecibrmcyl kerkikrmebiketatamkm nedlcagkuslkmμ. vifieyak³ )andl;karhat;dkdegðim tamgsμarti[sßitenaerkamstism,cbaø³ dwgxusrtuv KuNeTas l GaRkk; ebalkwtunμangb;rmcitþ RtiHriHBicarNa trmg;sμartietarkpabbrisut rbs;gatietbtamg 10 Rbkar edim,irmedahgatμ½n[etacybnwgrbhμ½nvij. RbtibtþviFItb³ ³ CaviFIGb;rMkay[RbRBwtþEtkuslkmμbrisuT R)ascakeRKOgesAhμg edaytrmg; etarkgatietbefvicasaksi nig[gatietbcuhmkrbtanbr[sermctambmngr)afña. vifitb³ mann½ybiya:g kñúgkarrbtibtþi ebalkw müa:g KWkarBüayameKarBGaTieTB edaypkþipab edim,i[gatietbebjrbht½y. müa:getot KWkardutxøÜnÉg edim,i[gatietbekþarkhl;rkhay rmecibrmcyl ehiycuhmkrbtanbrc½y. müa:gvijetot )andl;karefvitukçkiriya edim,i[rmlt;nuvcmng;kielstnða EdlCakm nénvdþsgsar [ecjputbirubkay edim,irmedahgatμ½n[etacybnwgrbhμ½nvij. karrbrbwtþtukçkiriyaenh mintak;tgnwggatietb et KWeKeFI Vya:gNa[Gatμ½ns b;ex< ImrUbkay ehiypþac;xø ÜnecjBIkm nb:enñah ducya:ggt;gahar smrakhaléf smrakkñúgtiggwts úhs ab;bi)akrtam smrakrtamtwk BüayaminniyaysþI BüayammindkdegðImtamkalkMNt; CaedIm>>>>>. RbtibtþiviFIGKñiehaRt b ehamvifi ³ CaviFIbUCaePøIg edaydutepøigtamgyb;tamgéf fvaygatietb [ RbTanBrC½y. vifigkñiehartenakñúgkm<irevt cat;tukcakmbulénkarbuca ebalkwebibucaedayminr)arb efvi BiFIehamenHeT GaTieTBminTTYlnUvdgVayTaMgenaHeLIy duecñh GñkEdlRbtibtþitamenaH k¾min)ansermc tambmngrbs;xøünedr BIeRBaHGaTieTBminsb,ayRBaHT½ynwgkarbUCaenaHeT. duecñhehiy )ancaral;karbuca - 48 -

GaTieTBnana ebiminmanefvibifigkñiehartenahet eketetguceton FUb RbTIbCVala CaCMnYy BIeRBaHKm<IrevT Ecgfa {GKiñiehaRtsuxabBaØ ERbesckþIfa erkogbucatamglaymankarbucaepøigcarbfan. RbtibtþiviFIbUCayBaØ ³ CaviFIbUCamüa:g edayykmnuss stvtamgrs;etadutkñúgkmnrepøigeqhsen ar sen A edim,ifvaygatietb[sb,aycitþ bmngsmu[gatietbrbsit ibrc½y[sermctambmng. RbtibtþiviFIlag)ab b BiFIsIvraRtI ³ CaBiFImYy EdleKeFVIrMlwkdl;raRtIEdlRBH\sUr[kMeNItelak. BiFI enh ekerobefvietkñúgevlayb; ehiykñúgmyyqñamr)arb )anetmþgb:uenñah. enaeblyb;énbifienh eknamkña RBHRBhμGaTi etbcmbg kñúg sasna RBahμN_ etamuctwkkñúgtenøkgáa edim,ilag)abcérg]brtbrkb;ebbya:g edaybrikmμfa { KgÁa KgÁa }. cmenkrié GñkEdlrs;enAq aybitisßantenøkgáa ekgacetamuctwklag)abenatamsþwg b TenøNaEdlenACit ehiysnñidæan b snμt;fa CaTenøKgÁa edayeblgutlag)ab RtUveFVIbrikmμfa { KgÁa KgÁa }. enaeblguttwklag)abehiy ekrtuvyktwketakan;etvsßan edim,iyketaersacrsbsiriligá ehiyrtg;twkedlhurtameyaninag]ma EdlCa TRmrbl½øgÁtmál;ligÁRBH\sUrenaH mkersacrsbk,al RsLabxøÚn nigbriepaketatambmngr)afña cmenké - 49 -

GñkEdlmin)anmkcUlrYmBiFIenH GacTTYlbeBaØIBIGñkEdl)ancUlrYm ehiyyketaersacrsbkaycmrhnuv ]brtbcérg )anducbmngr)afñaedr. srubesckþimk BuT itamgbienhehiy Edl)ancgP ab;mnuss[mancmenoya:gmutmametaeligatietb én RBhμBaØsasna. edaykm<irevt EdlCaBuT isidæi EdlmanEcgenAbBaðaTaMgLay k¾catrmg;rkwh én RBhμBaØsasnaenHehIy etibetahbisasnarbahμn_erbrbylya:gna k¾enaetepþkpþülelibut iénkm<irevt enhedr. GaTieTBFM² 3 GgÁ RBHRBhμ RBHsIv³ RBHvisÑú CaGaTieTBRtImU ti EdlsißtenAkñúgsasnaRBahμN_ x-trmg;vivtþénsasnarbahμn_ KWCaTRmg;ERbRbYl énsasnarbahμn_etatamsm½ykalnimyy²rbs;rbahμn_sasnik kñúgkarekarb etv³ nigrbtibtþietatambut ikm<irevt. ebibinitücarym exijfa RBahμN_sasnavivtþbIdMNak;kalFM² KYr[kt;smÁal; KW sm½yevt b evtniym - 50 -

sm½yrbahμn_ b RBahμN_niym sm½yhinðú b hinðúniym kñúgkarerbrbyl énsasnarbahμn_tamgbism½ykalxagelienh nam[manekitelignuvkm<irgdækfa bynetot srmab;cacmnyybut ikñúgkm<irevt EdlrYmman Km<IrsMhita Km<IrRBahμN_ Km<IrGrNük³ Km<Ir]bnis½T 1- sm½yevt b evtniym Casm½ykaldMbUg énsasnahinðú. sm½yevtrab;cab;tamgbiqñam 1500 munk>s ebalkwcab;tamg BIBYkGarü½nBaMnaMlT ievtniymmkpsbvpsayenaelitwkdi\nðamkemøh. sm½yevt bubvcitrbahμn_ekarbetatam btbbaøti énkm<irevttamgrsug rymnwgkm<irsmhitapg. enasm½yevtenh Km<IrsMhitak¾CaeKal énbtnmsskar nigsøútigatietb RtUv)anBgVk;citþbuBVCit RBahμN_ [ecos b;etetaeligatietb bdiesfnuvral;gmebirpþal;rbs;gtþ³. duecñhehiy edim,i[xøün)ancyb esckþisuxeksmksanþkñúgelakiy_ nigedim,ietaekitenazanrbhμelak RBahμN_sasnik RtUveFVIviFItb³ edim,ibnþn; citþgatietb edaymanefviehambifi nigbifibucaybaøcaedim. enasm½yevt ekniymecofagatietbfmcmbgcagek KWRBH\ nþ RBH\ nþcagatietbbegáitelak duc kñúgkm<irsmhitaecgfa { RBH\ nþbegáitelak edayyksrsrmkdam ehiyépþxageliykemxefvicadmbul ruc begáitburis³elig EdlCamnusSdMbUgenAelIBiPBelakenH }. enasm½yevt RBahμN_sasnikykeTAtamKm<IrevTTaMgRsug eday\tlem ógkw elakekiteday GaTieTB. erkabirbh\ nþedlcagatietbcmbg enamangatietbbnþab;bnsmcaercinetot EdlCaeTvtMNag[ FmμCati TwkdI énrbets\nða EdlrYmmandUcCa RBHGaTitü RBHc½nÞ RBHKgÁa RBHBay RBHFrNI RBHPiruN RBHGKÁI nigrbhymcaedim. luhmkdl;sm½ycugevt RBH\ nþrtuvcuhfy\t ibl. RBahμN_sasnikgakereTArkeTvmYyGgÁ etot EdlmanlkçN³brisuT \tmnþilesahμg erbahrbh\ nþmankunvibtþicaercin duccaculcitþerkbsura elμap kamkun nigcaj;swks gáamcaercinelikercinsar. etvfμienh RtUv)antak;EtgeLIgedaymenaKmrbs; bubvcitrbahμn_ KWRBHRBhμ mann½yfabrisut \tmnþilesahμg. - 51 -

2- sm½yrbahμn_ b RBahμN_niym Casm½y EdlRBahμN_sasnikniym etatamrtwsþ I EdlbuBVCitRBahμN_Rbtibtþ i. sm½y RBahμN_niymmankareCOnelOneRcInCagsm½y evtniymedlrtwsþ IxøHenACarbs;Garü½nenAeLIy. bubvcitrbahμn_ erkabiekarbrbtibtþitamkm<irevt ekenamansmgagetatamkm<irrbahμn_ nigkm<ir GrNük³eTot. tamry³km<irrbahμn³ ekyl;fa RBHRBhμ CaeTvcMbgbMputEdl)anbegáItelak nigetvtamglay. ebalkw kaledimeliy RBH RBhμCasPavFm manlkçn³brisut Cam as;syk sß itenaxø ÜnÉg KμannrNasÁal;. RBHRBhμk¾begá It Twk ehiydak;rkab;buccamyy kñúgenahrkb;buc { RBhμ½n } )anekiteligcas utmasmyymanbnøw ducrbhgatietb TwkEdlRBHRBhμbegáItenaH man eqμahfa {nrn³} EdlCaFatubegáItnr³dMbUg kñúg vdþsgsar. s utmasenh kekiteligkñúgn½ygaf km)amgcapav³ nigcaspav³pg. RBhμ½n rs;ena kñúgs utmasgs;ry³ebl 100 qñam k¾ebksu t enah ehiybegáit)ancabipbelak nigburus³. burus³cabzmnussenaelielakenh ehiy)anbegáit mnuss nigttylkm<irevtbirbhrbhμmkrbkl;[ mnuss. tamtssn³enh eyigexijfa RBHRBhμ Cam as;syk pg Cam as;elakpg nig Cam as; evtpg. kñúgsm½yrbahμn_niym RBahμN_ sasnikekarbbucarbhrbhμcagatietbcmbg rié GaTieTB kñúgsm½yevtniym)ankøayetacaetv - 52 -

bnþab;bnsmvij. duecñh edim,ismubrbirbhrbhμ RBahμN_sasnik EtgEtRbtibtþiBiFIbUCayBaØ BiFIbUCaePøIg {GKñIehaRt} nigefvitb³fm [ekþarmecib rmcyldl;rbhrbhμ. luhmkdl;cugsm½yrbahμn_ k¾ekit manetvbiretot KW RBHvisÑú CaeTvEfrkSaelak RBHsIv³ CaeTvbegáItelak nigbmpøaj elak. edayamanekitelig nuvetvbiretotya:genhehiy etibrbahμn_sasnikmankarebk)ak;nikay ekarbbucaetv KWxøHeKarBbUCaRBHRBhμ xøhniymekarbbucarbhvisñú nigxøhetotniymekarbbucarbhsiv³. bbaða Ebk)ak;épÞkñúgminÉkPaBKñaenHehIy etibbubvcitrbahμn_k¾brgymetvtamgbi[mkenacaetvetmyyvij ehafa GaTieTBRtimU ti duckñúúkm<ir]bnis½tmanecgrsab;. 3- TRmg;GtßiPaBénsasnaRBahμN_ { \NÐÚniym } sm½yhinðúniym Casm½ycugeRkaybg s; énkarvivtþrbs;sasnarbahμn_. sm½yhinðú GaccatTukfaCacMNuc kmbul énmnsikarrbs;rbcacn\nða kñ úgkarekarb sasnarbahμn_. sm½yhinð ÚniymEsþg[eXIj nuvsμarticatiniym rbs;rbcacn\nða kñúgkaredah RsayTMnas;vibtþimnsikarsgÁmtamry³sasna nigbrgwgtssnatanrbs;sasnarbahμn_ [man lmnwg ebalkwmangtßipabcanirnþn_ enaelitwkdi \NÐa. edayenacugsm½yrbahμn_niymman karebk)ak;épþkñúg etibbubvcitrbahμn_)anecgnuv Km<Ir]bnis½TeLIg edim,icacmnyydl;km<irevt kñúg karrbtibtþifm nigecosvagnuvs gáamsasna. Km<Ir]bnis½T)anEcgfa { RBH\sVr³ CakMBUlén RBHGaTieTB EdlCam as;syk m as;elak nig Ca m as;evt RBHGgÁ)anEbgEckCaGvtabIGgÁ KWRBH RBhμ RBHvisÑú nigrbhsiv³ }. edaysartssn³ RtImU ténkm<ir]bnis½tenhehiy EdleFVI[RBahμN_ sasnikniymrab;gan rymnwgkarbüayambuksrub - 53 -

nuvcmenodétepsg²etot enaelitwkdirbs;rbets\nðapg etibsasnarbahμn_ køaymkcakarniymrbs; RbCaCatihiNÐÚ rhutmktl;nwgsbvéf enh. ducenh lkçn³biessénsasnahinðúniym KWCakarsMeyaKeTv ehafatssn³rtimut nigkar smeyakcmeno TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI karekarbbucavtßús½kþisit ielitwkdihinðú. enasm½yhinðúniym edim,irmedah Gatμ½nBIkm n[etacybnwgrbhμ½nvij RBahμN_ sasnikrbtibtþitamnuvbifitb³ BiFIeyaK³ BiFI GKñIehaRt BiFIbUCayBaØ BiFIsiv³raRtI nigbifi RBhμcarüCaedIm. karrbtibtþi kñúgsm½yhinðú manlkçn³surkwt edaybykbubvcitrbahμn_ )an RbmUlTsSn³ énkm<irgdæk fasm½yevt nig sm½yrbahμn_niym bba ÚlCaKm<Ir]bnis½T edim,icmnyydl;pakievt. duecñhehiy )anca enasm½yhinðúgatietbk¾smburebb ehiyman muxgarc,as;las;etot. g- TRmg;GaTieTBénRBahμBaØsasna duc)anerobrab;xagelimkehiyfa GaTieTB KWsßitenAkñúgTRmg;RKwH énsasna RBahμN_. sasnarbahμn_ mankarvivtþ\t Qb;Qr edaysarbbaðacmenorbs;rbahμn_ sasnik kñúgkarekarbbucagatietb. CaTUeTA enakñúgsasnarbahμn_ etahbiekiteligeday mefüa)ayebbnakþi k¾rtuvmanlkçn³sm,tþi RbkbedayKuNFm db;rbkarxagelienhedr. etvfm² éntssn³rtimu ti 1- RBHRBhμ ³ maneqμahehaercinya:g ducca GatμaPU mann½yfa Gñkrs;enAedayxøÜn - 54 -

Ég KμanBwgGñkdéT elaeks mann½yfa GaTieTBénBiPB elak hirnükk mann½yfagñk EdlecjputBIs utmas RBHRBhμ CaGaTieTBcMbgbMput erbahcaetvmannatibegáitelak ( Dieu Créateur Du Monde ) Pav³ FmμCati nigkm<irevt. RBhμsasnik ksagbdimarbhrbhμcarbahμn_mankaysm,úrrkhm manhgs CayanCMniH. RBHRBhμmanmuxbYn tmnagrbhμviharfm EdlpSBVpSaydl;sBVstV manrbhsßbynkan;evt fupáa fas nigsøabrba. RBHGgÁmanmehsIEtmYynam srsvti ehiyrbsurt)anburtibiggákw RBHTkS³ RBHPK nigrbhnag sn iya. 2- RBHsIv³ mann½yfa { eksmksanþ kruna }. TsSn³xøHyl;fa RBHsIv³ekIteLIgBIkarEbgPaK rbs;rbh\svr³ nigxøhetotyl;fa RBHGgÁekIteLIgBItMNk;elahit EdlRsk;ecjBIcweBa ImRBHRBhμ. RBHsIv³ mantynaticagatietbsagelak nigbmpøajelak. RBHGgÁmannameQμaHeRcInya:geTAtamkarniymehA Edl rymman RBH\sVr³ RBH\sUr RBHruRT³ RBHhr³ RBH]RK³ RBHGeXar³ RBHéPrv³ nig RBHmehsVr³ CaedIm. RBHsIv³ manmehsicmnyn 9 nak;kw nagtuk a RsIecHeFVImindwg minb nag]ma RsICaTIeBjcitþ nagekavi RsIsm,úrTg;Edg nagkali RssIsm,úrexμA nagcnþi RsIkMNac nagbv½ti RsIburTIm as;pñm nagkumari RsIRkmMuRBhμcarI nagetvi RsIeTBkBaØa nagmhaetvi RsIeTBGbSr ligárbs;rbh\sur RBHsIv³manbuRtIBIrGgÁKW RBHKens nigrbhsán ³ EdlxøHyl;faCakUnnagTuK a xøhyl;facaburtirbs; nag ]ma. RBHsIv³ manlmenasßanenaelikmbulpñméklas. RBahμN_sasnik ksagbdimarbhsiv³carbahμn_mankaysm,úr s manmuxmyy b:uenþgacebg)an mux 5 mankbn exov manepñkbi KWEPñkBIrdUcmnusSFmμta nigepñkmyyetotenaelif a s ehafa {GKÁIenRt }. GKÁIenRtenH kalnaebikeqh nigmanéd 2 b 10. RBHGgÁRKg - 55 -

semøókbmbak;es,ókxøa b Es,kdMrI mannakbak;casgvar CaeRKOgsmÁal;rab;qñaM krmgq wgllad_k,al Bak;eRKOgsmÁal;rab;kb,b yuká Bak;mYk manrbhc½nþmyycmnit CaeRKOg smáal;rab;ex mankan;rtisvl_ ExSpÁaM b KTa { dmbg } Ca erkogsmáal;ektnp½nð nigmanekaninþcayancmnih. 3- RBHvisÑú RBHGgÁ CaGaTieTBEdleRsacRsg;elak RTRTg;elak nigcmerinelak. ekniymeharbhvisñúfa RBHnrayN_ RBHPKvnþ RBHGnnþ RBHhrI. RBHGgÁ Kg;enAelIvimanTiBVCamYymehsIBIrGgÁ KWnaglkμSI nig RBHnagRsIu EdlmanbuRtmñak;RBHnam Kam. RBahμN_sasnik ksagrubbdimarbhvisñú CaRBahμN_ manédbir b byn b R)aMbI RKgsemøókbMBak; BN elog kan;kgcrk dmbg páaquk xügs½gç dav FñÚ kmesovtwk CaeRKOgsmÁal;ektnP½NÐ. RBHvisÑú ekksag[kg;enaelipáaquk b CiHRKuD BIeRBaHRBHGgÁ manrkudcayancmnih. edaysarrbhvisñ úcagatietbefrksaelak etibrbhggáetgetcyyyiteyagersacrsg;elakmnuss elak[cmerin suxeksmksanþ cakputtukçlm)ak edaysarpav³garkk;mkyayi. GvtaRBHvisÑú { karebg PaK } TaMg 10 rbs;rbhggácasaksirymman mtü³ Matsya CaRtICYyeRsacRsg;CIvitmnusS [rycputbitwkcmnn; EdlbegáIteLIgedayeQμaH hyrkav³. kum ³ Kurma CaGeNþIkCYyeFVIkMNl;PñMmnÞr³ edim,i[etvta nigyksyknakvasuk³cgbgvil PñMkUrsmuRTTwkedaH[rIgs Üt nigyktwkgrmwt { Gmt³ } mkpwkkmu[søab;. varah³ Varaha CaRCUkéRB)anbMpøajykSriNü Edl)anb:unb:grMlayelak[eTACaTwksmuRT. - 56 -

nrsigð Narasinha CamnusSsigð k,almnuss xøünsigð )anbmpøajykshirnü³ edim,ikmu[varuk KYneTvsßan nigmnusskan;sasna. vamn³ Vamuna CamnusSetO Edl)aneRbIl,icklsMdIykSbICMhanTuk[mnusSrs;enA. brsuram Paracurama CamnusSkan;BUefA Edl)anb gáabyksrtgrcun. ram Rama CaRBHramkñúgerOgramayN³ Edl)anb gáabrkugravn³ {rabn }. RkwsÑ Krusma CaRBHRKwsÑ³ kñúgerogmhapa rtyut Edl)anCYymnusS[rYcputBIeRKaHfñak; énrnþh)aj; edaylipñm)ar½tn³)amgkarbar. BuT Buddha CaRBHBuT samnekatþm Edl )ancyyersacrsg;das;etonmnusselak [sáal;bunü)ab GaRkk;l evorcak)abkmμtamglay. tambitrbhbut min EmnCaGvtaeT EtedayeXIjRBHGgÁmanGnuPaBxøaMgkøa enakñúgsgám\nða BYkRBahμN_k¾rab;RBHBuT bba Úl edim,i RbmUlRBahμN_sasnik[)aneRcIn. kláin Kalkin CamnusSesH KWmandgxøÜn CamnusS k,alcaesh ehiycagvtacugerkaybg s;. kláinetagnakt nwgcuhmkcyykat;etasmnussrbrbwtþ GMeBIGaRkk; ehiypþl;rgvan;[mnussrbrbwtþl nigerobcm yukáfμimyy[)anrugerog. GaTieTB RBHRBhμ RBHsIv³ nigrbhvisñú kñúg TsSn³RtUmU titamkm<ir]bnis½tfa ekiteligbikarebgpak rbs;rbh\svr³tukcatiskáar³buca ehiy)anrbsiti nam fa ³ RBHhrihr³ KWmYycMehogxageqVgRBHhri nigmyy cmehogxagsþamcarbhhr³. etvbnþab;bnsmedlekiteligedaymenakti rubbdimarbs;rbhláin 1- RBH\ nþ ³ kalenasm½yevt ek)ancat;tukca GaTieTBcMbgbegáItelakPav³ b:uenþmkdl;sm½y RBahμN_ nigsm½yhinðú RtUvcuHmkCaeTvbnÞab;bnSMvij. BIeRBaHRBH\ nþcaesþc énbyketvta mannameqμah ehaercinya:g RBHskáeTvraC RBHeTri nþ nigrbhshssnyn_ RTg;Kg;enAsßanéRtRtwgS. RBH\ nþcagatietb tmnag[ pár rnþh. RBahN_sasnik ksagrubbdimarbs;rbh\ nþ CakSRtmansm,úrkayexov RTg;kan;dMbg - 57 -

ebrc EdlCanimiμtrUbrnÞH RBHx½NÐRtIsUl_ nig CYnkal kan;fas BUefA nigkegvr ehiykg;enaelidmribvra:v½n CYn Kg;enAelIrfmasTwmesH manmatusietvburtcasarfi. 2- RBHsán ³ ³ RBHGgÁCabuRtRBHsIv³ mannatica emt½bénbyketvta. ekksagbdimarbhsán ³ CaRBahμN_ RBHeksmYy b R)aMmYy manrbhsßbir b db;bir RTg;kan; FñÚ dav BUefA nigrnþh CaektnP½NÐ ehiykg;enaeliek ak CayanCMniH. 3- RBHKens ³ RBHGgÁCabuRtrbs;RBHsIv³ man tynaticatulakar énbyketvta nigmnuss. ekksagrub bdimarbhkens CamnusSk,aldMrI manédbynkan;can Kg; enaelistvknþúúrcacmnih. 4- RBHym³ ³ mannamehafa RBHymraCa nig RBH FmμraCa RBHGgÁCaGaTieTB énesckþisøab;. ekksagrub bdimarbhggá manxøünexovrsgat; RBHenRteqHCaePøIg esøóksemøókbmbak;rkhmducqam RTg;kan;dMbgymP½NÐ CaGavuF nigexsrmyycgvay srmab;tak;tajvibaøankçn stvelak b CYnkalkan;BUefA RBHx½n dav ehiykg;ena elistvrkbicayancmnih. 5- RBHkam ³ RBHGgÁ CabuRtarbs;RBHvisÑú mantynati CaeTvesñha nigesckþiertkrtgal. 6- RBHBleTB ³ mannamehafa RBHsIrin nig RBH sir)ani CaGaTieTBtMNag[BUCFBaØhar nig RBHraCBiFI Rct;RBHngÁ½l. RBHBleTB CaRBHGanuCrbs;RBHRkwsÑ³ ekksagrubbdimarbhggá CarUbRBahμN_ mankan;ngá½lefvi CaGavuF. 7- RBHGRKsM ³ CaGaTieTBmYy { ym)al } man tynatikan;bba ImrN³stVelak RBHGgÁCaesnaédsþaMrbs; RBHym. RBHKens CabuRtrbs;RBHsIv³ - 58 -

8- RBHcitþkumþ ³ CaGaTieTB { ym)al } Ca esnaédeqvgrbs;rbhym mantynaticaesμón nig Ca GvtasURtvnakarTUlesñIRBHym BImrNPaBrbs; stvelak. 9- RBHnaglkμSI ³ CamehsIrbs;RBHvisÑ ú RBH nagcaetv Edl)anekIteLIgBIkarkUrsmuRTTwkedaH duecñhehiy etibrbhnagmantynaticaetvtmnag[ RTBüsm,tþ nigpabbrisut. 10- RBHnagRsIu ³ CamehsIrbs;RBHvisÑ ú RBH nagcaetvtmnag[esap½npab nigcaetvtmnag[ sirisysþi énsßanévkunð. 11- RBHnagsrsVtI ³ CamehsIrbs;RBHRBhμ RBHnagCaeTvtMNag[PaBbrisuT nigr)acjasμarti. 12- RBHnag]mavtI ³ CamehsIrbs;RBHRBhμ RBHnagCaeTvtMNag[karbegáItstVelak nigcasaksi énbaküsm,f. erkabienh enamangatietbdétcaercinetot EdlKμantYnaTIc,as;las; b:uenþsßitenasßansyk Edr ducca RBHTkS³ nigrbhpk burtrbs;rbhrbhμ. RBHnagTuKa nagekavi nagkali nagcnþi nagbr ti nagetvi nagkumari nignagmhaetvi EdlCamehsIRBHsIv³CaedIm. GaTieTBtMNg[b ksrasi CaGaTieTBtMNag[dMeNIreKaléntaraCMuvijcRkvaL. 1- RBHGaTitü ³ mannamercinducca RBHsuriy RBHsUrü RBHTivakr nigrbhvisr½t. RBHGgÁCaeTv³tMNag [BnøW nigkmeda ehiymanparkic kat;kþi nigrkyutþifm [mnusselak. RBHGaTitüCabuRtrbs;RBHnagGTiki RTg;manmehsInamnagsrnü nigmanburtmyyggákw RBHym. enakñúgerogramayn³fa BalI nig surkib k¾caburtrbs;rbhgatitüedr. RBHGaTitüKg;enAsßanGaTitüelak KWsßitenAcenøaHrvageTvelak nigmnuss elak. RBHGaTitü Kg;enAelIpáaQUk b CYnkalKg;enAelIrf TwmedayesHbBai HbMPøWelakenAeBlTivakaltam nb kscrkrasi. 2- RBHc½nÞ ³ CaeTvtMNag[esaP½NPaB nigcaetvefrksanuvrukçcatikñúgfmμcati. RBHc½nÞKg;enAelIvimanGENþt Ésßanc½nÞelakEtgEtKg;enAelIrfTwmedayesH manbnøwrsμirstn;bba ihyagtamcrkrasi edim,ibmpøwelak - 59 -

kñúgevlarartikal. ebitamerogramayn³ nigerogmhaparyut fa RBHc½nÞekItBIkarkUrsmuRTTwkedaH. enakñúg nb kscrkrasi rbs;rbhc½nþetgetmanetv 12 GgÁeTotyagdEgðrKW { ExTaMg 12 } RBHnb ks mkr³ mkra páayrubmkr RBHnb ks kumö³ kumö³ páayrubqñamg RBHnb ks min³ mina páayrubrti RBHnb ks ems³ emsa páayrubecom RBHnb ks ]sp³ ]spa páayrubk,aleka RBHnb ks mifun³ mifuna páayrubmnussbirnak; RBHnb ks kkþd³ kkþda páayrubkþam RBHnb ks sigð³ siha páayrubsigð RBHnb ks knü³ kbaøa páayrubrsirkmmu RBHnb ks tl³ tula páayrubcba Ig RBHnb ks vicäik³ vicäika páayrubxüþüy RBHnb ks Fnu FñÚ páayrubfñú 3- RBHGgÁar RBHGgÁar CaGaTieTBtMNag[eRKaHkaccéRg nigecarkmμ. RBHGgÁar CaesnaCMnitrbs;RBHsán ³. { EdlCaeTvRTRTg;tRmaecarviTüa } rbs;rbhsán ³. 4- RBHBuF RBHBuF CaGaTieTBtMNag[R)aCJa sμarti nigtmnag[baøannimletv³ kñúgkarrbemilemilnuv stvelak. 5- RBHRBhs,t RBHRBhs,t CaGaTieTB EdlCaRbFanrbs;eTv³kñ úgsßansyk RBHGgÁmannaTICaRBHRKUénsBVviC akar niggksrsa s þ. 6- RBHsuRk RBHsuRk CaGaTieTBtMNag[esckþIesñhabrisuT kñúgeblrymsgvas { suká mann½yfatwkkam b TwkbrisuT }. RBHGgÁ Caesnad¾CMnitrbs;RBHkam. 7- RBHesAr RBHesAr CaGaTieTBtMNag[sirIsYrsþIC½ymgÁl. RBHGgÁmantYnaTICaGñksURtsvnakar kñúg BiFIsnñi)at. - 60 -

8- RBHrahu RBHrahu CaGaTieTBtMNag[esckþIbMpøicbMpøaj nigkarerbrbyl. RBHrahu EtgEtBüa)aTRBH GaTitü nigrbhc½nþcanic kñúgmyyqñam² BIeRBaHRBHc½nÞ nigrbhgatitü)antulrbhvisñú[rkevgkgcrkkat;elixøün RBHrahu enaeblkmbuglycerkbtwkgrmit. 9- RBHektu RBHektu CaGaTieTBtMNag[BnøWrsμIBNÑrayenAkñúgsßansYK. RBHektu CaGaTieTBFMcMbgCageK kñúgcmenamgatietbtamg 9 GgÁenH EdlEtgEtbMPøWcRkvaL. RBHGaTieTBTaMg 9 GgÁenH KWCapáaynBVeRKaH EdlbMPøW crkvalenhég. riérbhgatietbtamg 12 EdltamdEgðrRBHc½nÞ KWpáayTaMg 12 dyg EdlrHbMPøWelak RbcaMExTaMg 12 kñúgcnþkti. GaTieTBtMNag[FmμCatikñúgcRkvaL 1- RBHGKñi RBHGaKñi CaGaTieTBtMNag[kMedAePøIg RBHGgÁmannaTICasakSIénkmμCaGMeBIl nanarbs;mnusskñúg BiFIbUCasBVya:g. ekksagrubbdimarbhgakñimanxøünrkhm k,al 2 GNþat 7 nigéd 4 mankan;buefa epøig Kb; pøwt nigexsrpáam 2 CasøabRBa { ehiykg;enaeliecomeqμal b Kg;enAelIrfTwmedayesHRkhm 7 man edatracvf { Tg; } sagbiepsg nigkg;racrfcaxül;. RBHGaKñiEtgesayvtßús at nigvtßúmins at[etaca brisut. 2- RBHvruN CaGaTieTBtMNag[ePøóg nigtwk RBHGgÁmannaTIcaMXøaMemIlGMeBIrl GaRkk;rbs;mnusSelak. RBHviruNKg;enAelIsßanPuCgÁ ehiycaesþc énbyknaktamglay. ekksagbdimarbhggávirunrubksrtkg;enaeli nakcasbaøaman ³ enarbhhsßmankan;exsr nigert. 3-RBHvayu CaGaTieTBtMNag[xül; RBHGgÁmannaTIbegáItel,Ón nigfambl. 4-RBHnagKgðIgFrNI CaGaTieTBtMNag[dI {RbfBI } FrNI nigsirisysþi. RBHnagmannaTIrMlayFatuTaMg 4 { FatuTwk FatudI FatuePøIg nigfatuxül; } EdlpSMpÁMúPavelak[brisuT. ekksagrubbdimarbhnagkgðigfrni CarUb etbfita Kg;enAelIstVRkeBI b stvgenþik ehiymanykrbhsßc,útrbheksard¾evg. 5-RBHnagsn iya CaGaTieTBtMNag[raRtIkal nigpabggwtsunüsug. RBHnagCabuRtIrbs;RBHRBhμ ehiymannati CaGñkbegáItfamBl nigpabegakguy. - 61 -

6-RBHnagGrueNaT½y CaGaGTieTBtMNag[BnøWd¾RtcHRtcg;enAeBlRBwkRBham. RBHnag mantynatidas;eton erkin rmlwkmnuss nigetv[qb;ni nþalg;lk; edaygmnacrbs;rbhnagsn iyabnþetaetot. RBHnagGrueNaT½y CabuRtIrbs;RBHnagKgðIgFrNI nigrbhc½nþ. RBHnagrs;enAya:g CisñiT CamYyRBHmata { enaeliepndi } edim,i CYybMPøWPBEpndI muneblrbhbitayagetabipbc½nþelak { sßancenøahetvelak nigmnuss } vij munebl RBHsuriyayagmkTTYlnaTIbMPøWelak. 7-RBHnagmNIemxløa RBHnag CaGaTieTBtMNag[smuRT nig PaBbrisuT. RBHnagCYnkaleKehAfa RBHsmuRT. RBHnag mniemxløa CaRBHmatarbs;RBHvruN RBH nag mantynatiefrksasßanpucgának nigcagñkbegáit epøóg pár rnþh. ek)anksagrubbdimarbs;rbhnag mniemxløa CarUbeTBmcäa manrbhkaycamkr É RBHeksCaeTBFItarebobEkv mnirtn³. rubpabtamenhbgðajbityxøhenakñúgerogramekrþ - 62 -

lt irbahμn_kñúgsgámexμr sasnarbahμn_ )anculmkcak;b sya:gercaenakñúgsgámexμr tamgbiyuryanas;mkehiy ehiy man\t iblya:gxøamgkøa culya:gercaetakñúgstigarmμn_rbs;rbcacnkm< úca edaybnsl;tuknuvtmenomtmlab; nig RbéBNIepSg² enakñúgsgámexμr. karrikcmerinénvitüasa sþþþþþþþþ EdlCaplrYm énblkmμxagxyrk,al nigblkmμ xagrubragkayrbs;mnuss mansnþúheconelonya:gxøamgkøaenaelibipbelak k¾edaysar\t iblénrbhμbaøsasna Edl)andk;Cab;enAkñúgstiGarmμN_ RBmTaMgCMenO TMenomTMlab;mYycMnYnEdr. k-epñkcmeno sasnarbahμn_) anefvi[rbcara sþeyignasm½yburankal mancmenoeligatietb exμacrbaybi sac GabFμb;.l. edim,itb;tl;nuvgviedlcapabgs arü ekesvgyl;mindl; ekrtuvetsiksamnþgakm Esn erbn bn;rsn; kñúgekalbmngsmu[sermcnuvbmnggvimyy. ]TahrN_ ³ muneblsg;pþh ekerobcm)aysi søafm >>>. enaeblekmancm W eknameliggarks b bba an;garkssaksyrexμacrbaybisac b erobcmbifiepsg² edim,iggvrkdl;gatietb. x-tmenomtmlab;rbébni enakñúgeblbunütanepsg² eketgetnamkñaefvinmgnsm nmkm.l. TaMgGs;enH k¾mancab; \T iblrbahμn_sasnaedr ebalkwrmlwkdl;lwgárbh\sur nigeyaninag]bma. erkabienh ekexijmanerobcm søafm dug { lwgárbh\sur }>>>>>. enaeblerobgabah_bibah_ mankartssn_tayemilevla efviranetbþa EsnRkugBalI>>>>>>>>>. enakñúgbifibucasb rmkil Ehr nigbba úhsb sut Ettamk,ÚnxñatTaMgGs;. karbüa)aledayesþah pømú erbimnþgakm. BiFIekarCuk k¾duccabifieharblwg { CBa at;rblwg }. K-sil,³ R)asaTmYycMnYn ekksagedim,i]t isdl;gatietb kñúgrbahμn_sasna. ]TahrN_ ³ ksag R)asaT PñM ksagkurtwk>>>>>. cmøak;enatamr)asat Cacmøak;tamlMnaMerOgramayN³ mhapart³ b ksaglwgárbh\suretmþg. - 63 -

karksagr)asatpñm nigkurtwktamebbrbhμbaøsana etigksrsil, EbbRBahμN_niymmanlkçN³smÁal;dUcemþcxøH? X- GkSrsil, emilgksrsil, kñúgrbahμn_sasna mangtßbtgksrsil, CaeRcInEdlmanTMnak;TMngnwgRBhμBaØsasna ebalkw)andkrsg;ykcmeno epsg² kñúglt irbahμn_mkerobrab;bnül; bgðajehtupl nigmüa:gvijetotmanelikyktyggágcäriy nig ehtukarn_gcäriymkbgðajetot. RbePTGkSrsil, EbbenH eyigehafa {clnagksrsil, RBahμniym } Ca GaT erogramekrþ erogrbhcinvgs erogvrvgssurüvgs erogrtnavgs erogtibvsgvar nigerogs½gçsil, C½y CaedIm. kñúgclnagksrsil, EbbRBahμN_niym manlkçn³biesskyrkt;smáal;kw 1-epþImerOg kñúgkarepþimerog manbtsøútisresirkunbunü)armib Ti GMNacGaTieTBRBHmunI\sI b mankarerob rab;bietspabfmμcati érbpñm érbbwksa EdlenACMuvijGaRsmRBHmunI\sI b k¾karrbtibtþibifieham BiFIbUCayBaØ edim,ismubrs½bþsarfukarbirbhgatietbcaedim>>>>>. 2-dMeNIrerOg enakñúgsac;erogetgetbgðajbi - 64 -

teca. tyggá tyggáékburs ³ KWCakMBUlburs b GvtaRBHnrayN_ tyggáéknari ³ KWCakMBUlnarI EdlCaRsIl Ék tyggárgman ³ GacCamnusS yks RKuD nak etvta Kn N \si CaedIm TIkEnøg mantak;tgnwgrkb;sßantamgbi kñúgcrkvalducca sßansyk sßanmnuss sßan)adal. bbaðaecat TMnas;vibtþiekIteLIgedaysar spavl RbqaMgnwgPavGaRkk; karrblgrbecgkñaxagyut sil, kardenþimgmnac RTBüsm,tþi kardenþimesñhakña karsgswk Büa)aTKña bbaðarsay ³ edahrsaytmnas;vibtiþedayerbihwgsa erbiyut vifi s gáamrbyut sgswkkñaminechcb; rhuttkun ]tþmktierog ³ ercingb;rmmnuss mancmenocmebahgatietb facagñkmanb T igmnaccyy[)ansuxcmerineksmksanþ. mancitr RþKMnitGatμaniym Rbkan;bkSBYk Rkumjati RkumRKYsar. mancitþbüa)atcg;kmnmukmkyn cggaxatsgswkkñarktibba b;kμan. 3-karbBa b;erog ekbba b;erog kñúgxn³ EdltYGgÁtMNagsPav³l )anttylecakc½ycasßabbrelityggátmnag spav³garkk;. erkabigksrsil, kñúgekalclnarbahμn_niymxageli enamancmerog btepøg GkSreTot Edl ebarebjetaedaylkçn³gksrsil,. eyigdwgehiyfa erkayeblrbhμbaøsasna RtUvfycuH\T iblbikñúg sgámexμredaysar\t iblrbhbut sasna GgÁGaTieTB EdlExμrFøab;eKarBbUCa )ankøaymkcagñkta GarkS bg;bt;vij. duecñhehiy etibmanbtcermogercogsresirsøúti KuNGaTieTB b GgVrkrGaTieTB [sb,ay hb T½y EdlmanEcgenAkñúgKm<IrevT. etisasnarbahμn_ nigrbhbut sasna )angb;rmmnussexμr[ecoeligvixøh? mantmenomtmlab; RbéBNIEbbNa? - 65 -

k- sasnarbahμn_ kargb;rm ³ Gb;rMmnusSExμr [ ecoeligatietb exμacrbaybisac GabFμb; mnþ GaKmKafa GcäriyehtuepSg²>>>>>. Gb;rMmnusSExμr [manbifiesnerbn bn;rsn; edim,itb;tl;nwgpabgs arüna myy b manekalbmngsmuesckþisux nig)an sermc tambmngr)afña. TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI ³ kñúg BiFIbuNüTanepSg² eketgetnamkñaerobcm EsneRBn EsnRkugBalI erobcmsøafm dug )aysi efvinmkm nmgnsmcaedim. munebl erobcmbfi ni mi yy ² eketgetkn;kru emilexéf rkéf CaeBlal tamk,ünxñatrbs;gacarü b eharatssn_tay. karbüa)alcm W eday vifiersactwk esþahpømú erbimnþgakm b erobcm efvibifirbmulrblwg b GnÞgehARBlwg. kar ksagr)asatpñm ksagkurtwkb½t CMuvij man cmøak;kñúgerogramayn³ b erogmhapart³ kñúgenahsmxan;kw ksaglwgárbh\sur Edl tmál;elieyanirbhnag]ma. x-rbhbut sasna kargb;rm ³ )angb;rmmnussexμr [ecoelibunü)ab kmμpl eborevra rbs; mnuss Edl)anRbRBwtþBIGtICati [mnuss yl;fa efvil EtgEtTTYlpll efvigarkk; EtgEtTTYlplGaRkk; kñúgbc úb,nñcati nig GnaKtCati. ducenh BuT sasnikcnrtuvet ekarbrbnibtþin_ tambut»vat KW BuT vcn³tamg 84000 Fmμkç½n EdlmanEcgenAkñúgKm<IrRBHéRtbidk. - 66 -

TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI ³ kñúgbifi bunüepsg² eketgetnamkñaekarbrbhbut rub CaFM ekarbrbhsgç KμanEsneRBn KμanerobcMEsnRkugBalI KμansøaFm dug surtetfm RBHBuT sþab;etbut»vat xmtmál;citþ[ brisut Rbkan;nUvsIlCanic mansil 5 sil 8 sil 10 xmsnsmkuslplbunü manst archføa bric aktan CaedIm. edaymancmenofa mnusssøab;etarblwg\tsøab; ehiyrblwgkwcasarfatu EdlminecH)at;bg; ehiymnussetgetvilekit vilsøab;kñúgvdþsgsar enaeblnaedlmintan;putkmμ. cmhayénkmμcas; b cmhay énkç½n RBlwg EtgEtCYbnwgFatupSM begáit)annuvrubragkaysarcafμi ebalkwcivitfμi rycetgetttylnuvcmhay énkmμcas;ehafa GMeBIénkmμcas;. CIvitcas; nigcivitfμi duckñapg xuskñapg duckñartg;civitfμi RtUvrg éngmebi cas; plcas; xuskñartg;civitfμimanskmμpabfμi mankargb;rmfμi manplkmμfμi. plkmμ eborevra EdlmnusS kmbugttylehafa vasna. etisbvéf manbifibunünaxøh EdlCaBiFIbuNümanlkçN³cRmuH? BIFINaxøHeTot Edlman lkçn³rbhbut sasnasut saf? BiFIbuNtamEbbRBHBuT sasnasut saf bunüculvssa ecjvssa bunübisaxbuca max buca kzintan bunüpáa bunübc ½ybYn bunü qakmhabgsúkul bunüetsnamhacatk bunü bmbysnak>>>>>. BiFIbuNü EdlmanlkçN³cRmuH manducca bunücerminrbhbritþ BiFIRct;RBHngÁ½l BiFIbgSúkUl BIFIsURtmnþrMedaHeRKaH surtmnþrmedah kmμpl bunüp MbiNÐ BiFIbUCasB BiFIdEgðrsB bunüculqñamexμr>>>>. etikarksagfnfanmnuss EdlCa mnussebjelj CaBlrdæl RtUvmanlkçN³ sm,tþiya:gducemþcxøh? edim,iksagmnussebjelj CaBlrdæl RtUvmankarrIkceRmInlUtlas; elirkb;epñk RBm²Kña RbkbedaytulüPaBrvagR)aCJasμartI seba tna nigrubragkay edim,ikøaycamnuss - 67 -

éføfñúr kñúgsgámmyysmburrugerog luhrtaetman cmenhdwg bmnin BiesaFn_ silfm KuNFm l echshkar GFüaRs½y mansμartivagév man samkáicati GnþrCati nigékpabcatil RBmTaMg manmnsikaresñhacati mantmøapab RsLaj; yutþifm mankarekarbc,ab; nigkarekarbsit i mnuss. Ep kelisμartittylxusrtuvx<s; echrsay bbaðaedaysnþivifi mancmenhdwgepñksuxmalpab pþal;xøün nigrkysar CaehtunaM[)ancUlrYmya:g skmμkñ úgkarsþar nigkargpivdæmatupumicatiesñha rbs;eyig ducca mancmenhdwg nigbmninelicmenhdwgtueta x<s; mansmtßpabgnuvtþn_cmenhdwgenah edayecakc½yetatam sßanpabcak;esþgénsgám. mansmtßpabcyyeklm edaybrgwgsuxpabpþal;xøün RKYsar nigsgám. mankarttylxusrtuvx<s; mantmnukcitþelixøünég echrsaybbaða echsermccitþnigechelikkermag EpnkaredayeCaKC½y kñúgcivit. mankareyakyl;kña GFüaRs½yKña TTYlsÁal;plRbeyaCn_GñkdéT sáal;tukçlm)akgñkdét ducca TukçlM)akpÞal;xøÜn edayyksμarti CYyKñaeTAvijeTAmk tamebbsmpab nigpatrpab. elikkm<s;smtßpab niglt PaBrbs;xøÜneBjmYyCIvit edayefvikarsiksarsavrcav dkbiesafn_. culcitþsiksaesvgyl;bibec kvitüatmenib tamebbrbb½n ticnulúsiu nigerkogeglicrtunic tamebb vitüasa sþtmenib. mancmenhechrs;enakñúgsgám echefvikarcamyygñkdét yl;dwgbirebobefvikargar rebobrkb;rkg kargar edayertomxøünbermimuxvic aciv³namyysmrsbtamlt PaB smtßpab nigcmng;cmnulcitþ erog²xøün. echrs;ena edayechsrmbxøünetatamkarvivtþrbs;sgám edim,igpivdæxøün nigsgámcatirbs;xøün[)an ecakc½y. manmnsikarsμartittylxusrtuv nigematpabcati RsLaj;Cati sasna RBHmhakSRt edaybrgwg sμarti EfrkSakarBarbrisßan sm,tþifmμcati sm,tþivb,fm sil,³ EdlCasñaédd¾Bisidæ nigyurlg; - 68 -

rbs;duntaeyigbnsl;tuk[. begáitsñaéd CaeTBekaslürbs;mnusS[køayCaekasikarrbs;sgÁm. mñak;² RtUveFVIGVI² EdlCa KuNRbeyaCn_dl;Cati nigmatupumirbs;xø Ün rs;mintm n;epndi kñ úgbmngksagxø Ün [køaycasßabnik d¾skmμ kñúgkarksagrbvtþisa sþrbs;sgámcati. srubmk mnusseyigmñak;² EtgEtmantRmUvkarkñúgmuxCMnajrbs;xøÜnCanic ehiymuxcmnajenah EtgEtRtUv)anEkERb[suRkwteLIg² nigmanpabl RbesIrRKb;eBlevla BIeRBaHvaCaCIvPaBrs;enAkñúgsgÁm témøkargar mansar³smxan;nas; BIeRBaH kargarcarbpbénlkçx½nðesdækic srmab;mnussmyyrub² k¾duccakñúgrkysar b sgámcati kargarrbkbedaysuc rit yutþifm mantmøapabbitcanammknuvesckþiéføfññúrrugerog kargarcarbpbénkareyakyl;kña nigmansamkáifm d¾yurlg; kargarcacmngsrmab;cg;mnuss[echrymrs;edaysuxsanþ nigmansuxdumrmna CamYyRKYsar nig sgámcati kargaredlrtwmrtuv BitCanaMmknUvmenaseBa tna sb,ayrikray EdlCakmμvtßú énsupmgáléncivit kargarcaskmμpab d¾rbéb CaehtunnaM[nwkeXIjGnusSavriyd¾l nigtémøpþal;xøün EdlelcecjCa lt pl Epøpáa EdlmhaCneKGacTTYlyk)an kargarnammnussetakan;pabm as;kar nigpabcam as;énfmμcati kargarnammnuss [echdwknamgarmμn_ ya:gsb,ayrikrayrbs;xøün [RbesIreLIg. eticmenhdwgepñkvb,fm GriyFm Exμr )anbnþúhnuvkmnit]tþmkti niggtþsbaøancatidl; kulburt kulfitaexμrya:gnaxøh? KMnit]tþmKtiCati ebiktulaynuvcmenhdwgtueta gayesvgyl;gmbimuldæanrkwhrbs;sgámcati nigrblwgrbs;cati bnþúhmenaseba tnaelikargarrkb;epñk edayrslaj; EfrkSakarBarGVI² EdlCarbs;Cati EsVgyl;nUvGVI² Edll mantémøtamgbiyurlg;nas;mkehiy tamgbi\riyabf edk edir Qr GgÁúy TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI CMenOsasna sil,³>>>>>>>> edim,ignuvtþ nigekarb. echrkvifankartb;sáat; nuv\t iblbrets Cavb,Fm TaMgLayNa EdlmanbMNgbMpøicbMpøajvb,Fm GriyFm CatixøÜn. echekécñ RkéL RbDit\T iblbrets [mkcarbs;catiexμr bermiplrbeyacn_exμr Rsbtam cmng; cmnulcitþrbs;exμr. - 69 -

GtþsBaØaNCati Gtþ = xøün sbaøan = erkogsmáal; smedaetaeligvi² EdlmanlkçN³ smáal; Carbs;CatiExμr ducca CnCatimanedImkMeNItelITwkdICamYyKña PasaniyaydUcKña PUmisa sþ Rbvtþisa sþetmyycamyykña semøókbmbak; Rbdab;eRbIR)as; karrs;enarbhak;rbehlkña b duckña FmμCatiman edimetñat Tenøsab t,úger: sil,³manlkçn³biessrbs;cati epøgbinbal epøgmehari epøgexμr>>>> El,gRbCaRbiy_ ecalqug e)ahggáúj lak;kensg>>>>> r)am buran RbéBNI RbCaRbiy>>> srubmk karsiksavb,fm GriyFm KWCakarbNþúHnUvKMnit]tþmKti niggtþsbaøancatiexμrdl; kulburt kulfitaexμr BitR)akdEmn. etisilfm nigkunfm R)aMRbkarrbs;ExμreyIgdUcemþcxøH? silfm ³ CaFm EdlnaMmnusSeq<aHeTArkGMeBI EdlCaKuNkusl b CaKnøg éncriyarbs;mnuss Edlrs;enARbkbeTAedayKuNFm edim,irs;enasmrmükñúgsgám. b CaRTwsþI BaküTUnμanTaMgLayNa Edldwk nammnusseq<ahetarkpøúvl. KuNFm ³ Catémøl EdlEsþgecjtamry³kay vaca citþ nigskmμpabrbs;mnuss. mnussrtuvmansilfm 5 ya:g KW ³ silfm pþal;xøün ³ dwgxusrtuv l GaRkk; køahanh anttylxusrtuveligmebirrbs;xøün tamgcam as; én citþrbs;xøün)an. silfm kñúgrkysar ³ sáal;nuvkatbvkic rbs;xøünca«buk - mþay ciba wmkunminkitbikartbkunvij efvi[ manpabsuxdumrmna. silfm kñúgvic aciv³ ³ manmnsikarkñúgkargar rksiutamsmtßpab nigtamsmμacieva minrmelapeli GñktUcCagxøÜn minelapefvikarhyskmøamgnam[xucsuxpab. silfm kñúgsgám ³ mansamkáipabl minbgátmnas; ekarbsit imnuss RsLaj;yutþiFm RsLaj; mnusstueta TTYlsÁal;TukçevTnaGñkdéT. silfm BiPBelak ³ mantmnak;tmngl CamYybreTs nigminrbkan;catisasn_ CMenOsasna >>>>>. mnussrtuvmankunfm 5 RbkarKW ³ ekarbmatabita cas;tmu ³ sáal;nuvgmebil niggmebigarkk; sucrit etogrtg; smfm yutþifm. - 70 -

ekarbsit imnuss ³ KμankarrMelaPsiT imnuss minerisregig ept BUCsasn_>>>> echgt;»n nig GFüaRs½y senþaser)asrbni. RBhμviharFm TaMg 4 ³ emtþa kruna mutita ]ebkça. silr)am ³ minkab;smøab; minlycrtbüsm,tþigñkdét minlycrbbn kunek minputkuhk; minesb erkogrsvwgrkb;rbept. TsBiFraCFm TaMgdb;Rbkar Tan sil bric ak GaC v³ mnþv³ tb³ GekáaFn³ GvihwgSa xnþi GvieraFn³ ehtugvi)ancatmenomtmlab;exμrtamgbiburankal rhutdbc úb,nñeketgetniyayfa { em - )a}? RbPBénBakü { em - )a } karkmnt;ykeptrsifmcagrbus { sgámmetyükar b matafibetyü } mantamgbism½ybuerrbvtþi rhutdl;stvtsti 1 énk>s. TMenOmTMlab;enH manrhutdl;eblbc úb,nñ KWBIsm½yRBHnag livyi {RBHnag esama } nigrbh)atekanðbaø { RbBH)aT h un eton } )anesayracüenaelitwkdikm<úca. cmenk)a smedaetaelimnuss )a = \NÐaraCa = Rbus. tamtmenomtmlab;\nða )anekarbrbuscafm enakñúgsgám nigenakñúgrkysar. tamtmenomtmlab;exμr ekarbemcafm tamgbism½yrbhnag liv yi esayracüenaeliekahekakføk. enaebl Edlesþc\NÐaeQμaHRBH)aT ekanðbaø mkefvicarbhsvamirbs;rbhnag liv yi k¾esþc\nðarubenh ena EteKarBemCaFM ekarbtamtmenomtmlab;rbébniexμrrhutmk minrbkan;tam\nðaeliy. ]TahrN_ ³ emt½b emdmbul emekøag emrsuk emxmu>>>>>>>>>. em-)a = raca mann½yfa RBHraCa mantynaticaempg Ca)apg. tambitrbébniexμr ykrsifmcag Rbus { emfmcag)a }. em-)a mindac;bikñaet CanimiμtrUbTwkdI GñkRsukExμredIm ekekarbrblwggñkta Caem - )a Cam as;twkm as;di ducenhehiy)ancabakü em - )a EtgEtenACab;KñaCanic. nak = em nakcastvedimsnþvgs CastVEdlminecHsøab; CastVEdlmansMNk manpabgmt³. ducenh eyigsgçwmfa { BUCExμr minedlsabsunü }. karksagxøün[l ekrtuvgpivdæcitþ edim,igpivdæn_citþ RtUvQrelIktþasMxan;² ducxagerkam ³ kargpivdæcitþ KWRtUveFVIcitþ[l b Cakuslü. smedaelicitþ Edll Cakusl)an KWcitþ Edlman suxpab KuNFm nigkunpab. citþmansuxpab KWcitþEdlmansuxPaBl ehiycitþedlmansuxpabl KWcitþEdlminecHekItTukç - 71 -

minesakesa minxwgrcelat minrevirvay rhutdl;faenaeblni nþalg;lk; minyl;sbþ i memimmay revirvay etotpg. ducenh mnuss EdlGacmansuxPaBl mammyn k¾gars½yetaelicitþmansuxpabl Edr. citþmankunpab KWsMedAeTAelIcitþEdlmankarGt;Fn; Gt;Fμt; rwgbuwg køahan emahmut BUEkKit cam)anercin )anyur BUEkdwg mingaytk;søút P½yrn t;.l. ebalkw efvicitþ[rwgmam BIeRBaHebIminrwgmaM xvh karts U vilvl; cab;enhcab;enahminr)akd kñúgkargar vanwgttylbrac½y kñúgqakcivitcak;caminxan. citþmankunfm KWcitþEdlQrelIRBhμviharFm bynya:gkw emtþa ³ mancitþemtþacmebahsbvstv. kruna ³ mancitþse gáahek[)anesckþisux minyksuxetég. mutita ³ ertkgr sb,ayrikray enaeblexijekmanesckþisuxsupmgál minrcennninþa QñanIs b pþnþaek>>>>. ]ebkça ³ mancitþcaknþal manyutþifm minluhetakñúggktifm. müa:etot RtUveCosvagnUvcitþ KμanKuNFm TaMg 16 ya:g EdlbRgÜbbRgÜmmkRtwmEt 3 Rbkar smxan; Kå ³ citþ EdlmanesckþIelaP elap³ esckþierkafxwg etas³ nigedlmanesckþivegvg min dwgxusrtuv emah³. cmnucsmxan;² rbs;svami-priyafμi edim,iksagsupmgál kñúgrkysar Parkic rbs;bþirtuv Rslaj;esμaHRtg; CamYyPriyaGs;mYyCIvit edayerbismdiep melðmetarkpriya RKb;eBlevla minebotebonedayrbkarnamyyetaelipriya nigminemilgaypriyaerbobduccatasirbs;xøün mink,t;citþpriya edayrbkarnamyyeliy RbKl;tMENgd¾Bisidædl;Priya Ca sþiempþhebjlkçn³ pþl;erkogglgáaepsg² dl;priya tamlt PaB nigsmtßpabrbs;xøün Parkic rbs;rbbn RtUv cmgingaharya:gp itp g; trmuvtameblevlatukcunbþi rab;ganjatixagsvami nigjatirbs;xøünya:gesμahesμikña rksatukdak;rtbüsm,tþi EdlbþIrk)an[Kg;vgS mink,t;citþbþi edayrbkarnamyyeliy RtUvmaneTBekaslü nigkarbiunrbsb; cat;ecgelirkb;kargar eday]ssah_büayam nigefvikar TaMgenaH[)anseRmceCaKC½y. - 72 -

RBHBuT sasna eyigsegátexijfa BuT sasna)anrikduhdal niggn;fycab;tamgbirbhbut )anrtas;dwg rhutmk dl;sbvéf enh. taméksarrbs;elak tuma: )ansresrfa enaqñam 528 RBHBuT )anrtas;dwg {stvtsti 6 munk>s }. enaqñam 483 RBHBuT RTg;)ancUlyag brinibvan rycehiy RBHGrhnþ Casav½k )ancab;epþimefvisgáaynaelikti 1 enarkugracrkwmkfrdæ. enaqñam 383 munk>s RBHGrhnþ)aneFVIsgÁaynaelIkTI 2 enarkugevsali. enaqñam 269 munk>s RBH)aT Gesak mharaca RTg;)aneLIgesayraCü rycehiy RBHGrhnR Rþ )anefvisgáaynaelikti 3 erkamrbhraccyy]btßmö rbs;rbhggá. bnþab;mketot RTg;)anbBa ÚnsamNTUtTaMgLay [etapsbvpsay GMBIBuT sasna enarkb;ti kenøgtamggs; enatutamgrbets\nða nigerkarbets. enaqñam 246 munk>s ebskkmμrbs;rbh mhinþetßr etakan;ekahrsilgáa Crylanca )anefvi[but sasnaebkecjcanikayfm²bir KW hinyan nigmhayan. nikayhinyan )anebkca 18 nikayetot. RBHraCaTaMgLay énkusanvgs )ansßabnatirkugmyyena RbeTs\NÐaEb:knirtI. enaqñam 29 dl; 17 munk>s CarC kalrbs;rbh)at {vdr RþKaminI }. enastvtsti 1 énk>s RBH)aTknisá³ énkusanvgsrtg;)anbgáab;[sresrrbhértbidk CaPasasM sáwt sgáaynaelikti 1 énnikay {sr sþivatin } Canikaymhayan erkamrbhraccyy]btßmö rbs;rbh)at knisárac. enastvtsti 2 énk>smannikaymhayanmyyetot )ankekiteligeqμahfa {eyakacar } erkam»vat nigkardwknamrbs;tssnvitubirrub KWelak {vsubn úgangá } enastvtsti 6 énk>s tkávic anikay erkam»vat nigkardwknamrbs;elak { DiKñaK³ } )anekiteligetot. enastvtsti 7 énk>s mantssnvitubirrub KWelak {snþietv³ } nig {Fmμkitþi } k¾)anmankmenitedr. enakñúgqñamenahedr k¾mantssnvitubirrub KW { sgáracarü } nig {kumarhril } CaBYkRBahμh_)anbnøMsikSaRTwsþIBuT sasnaya:gcmnaj ehiy)anektrmg;lt irbahμn_ eday)an rymbba Úl nuvrtwsþitamglaybegáitcakm<irrbahμn_myyeqμahfa { evtanþ } TIbMputénevT. enakñúggarmöbténkm<ir enh sgáracarü )anr)arb efvinmsskardl;rbhbut Gs;BIdYgcitþ EtCaKMnitEkTRmg;kñúglT irbahμn_ edayyk BuT sasnaefv ICayan nigcamuldæan kñúgenah ekgacsnñidæan)anfa karekarbrbhbut CafñaMBiseTAvij. enakñúgépþ Km<Ir { evtanþ } TaMgmUl ekexijmanrtwsþirbhbut PaKeRcInbMput ehiykmnittuetarbs;\nðasbvéf enh TaMg EpñksMPar³ nigcitþ KWmanKm<Ir {evtanþ } enhcamuldæan. ducenhehiy )ancasm½y EdlRBahμN_sasna - 73 -

ERbRbYl eksegátexijenatibmput énlt irbahμn_k¾rtuvrsutcuh ehiybut sasna k¾)anrikraldalcabnþbnþab; rhutmkdl;eblbc úb,nñenh. BuT Rbvtþi 1-GMBIkMeNIt RBHBuT mannambikmenitkw {sit af } b {sit tß } ekitenakñúgvgsekatþm. RBHbitanam { suet atn_ } Ca RBHraCa énbkssm<½n sakü esayracüenankrkbilpsþú enarbets\nðaeb:kxagecig sbvéf enh enakñúg tmbn; énrbetsen)a:l;. RBHmatanam { sirimhamaya } CabuRtIrbs;esþcbkSsm<½n ekadü esayracüenankretvth³ manrbmrbtl;cab;kña. RBHGKÁmehsInam { Bum<ayesaFra } CabuRtIrbs;esR Rþc { sub,but }. RBHraCbuRt mannamfa {rahulkumar }. k-bubvehtuénkmenit RBHnag sirimhamaya )ansubinnimμitþ kñúgeblrartiexijdmripøúkr)ammyy cuhbizanelimk ehiycul kñúgépþrbhnagepñkxagsþam. tamtmnay RBHnagnwg)anbuRtamYyRBHGgÁRbkbedaybuNü)armIya:gelIslb;. tamerognitanxøh²fa etvburtsnþúsityagcuhbizantusitmkcab;kmenit kñúgépþrbs;rbhnag. x-kmenit RBHBuT RbsURtenAéf surk 15 ekitebjburmi énexbisax qñam c enaerkamedimsalrbwks kñúgérb sum<ini EdlsßitenAcMRBMRbTl; énnkrkbilpsþú nignkretvth³. enaeblrbsurt eksegátexijmanekit eptgs arünas;. RbsURt)anR)aMéf BYkRBahμN_ 8 nak; )anfvaynamrbh»rsfa {sit af } b {sit tß } Edlman n½yfa {Gñk EdlseRmcRbeyaCn_RKb;Ebbya:g }. kñúgeblfvayrbhnamkumar RBahμN_ 7 nak; )anelik RmamédBIr ehiyebalfa { ebirbhkumarsßitenacaksrt nwg)ancaesþccrkbtþi ebirbhggásagpñüs nwg)an sermccarbhbut }. b:uenþ manrbahμn_mñak;eqμah {ekanðbaø³ } )anelikrmamédmyytayfa { etaéf erkay RBH»rs nwg)ansermcca RBHBuT }. RbsURt)an 7 éf RBHmataRBHnam sirimhamaya )anyagcultivgátecalrbhggáeta. RBH sit tß RtUvRBHmatucäa mþaymig RBHnam { mhabcabtiekatmiu } ykmkciba wmbi)ac;. - 74 -

K-raCaPiesk luhrbhcnμ)an 16 qñam R Tg;)anerobGPieskCamYynwgRBHnag { Bim<ayesaFra }. edaygpsúk xøamgebk RBHGgÁ)anecjeTARksalsYn]Tüan EdlsßitenAkñúgRBHbrmraCavaMg. kñúgeblecjetarksaltamg 4 elik RBHGgÁRTg;)anTteXIjeTBnimitþ 4 ya:gedr. elikti 1 TteXIjmnusScas;Cra elikti 2 TteXIjmnusSQW elikti 3 TteXIjmnusSsøab; elikti 4 TteXIjmnusSGñkbYs mnusstamg 4 RbePTenH )anefvi[rbhggáekitkþisegvk ehiykitexijc,as;bibbaðacivitrbs;stv elak. mnussrbeptti 4 )anefvi[rbhggámanesckþiesamnssrikraycg;sagpñüs. K-karsagpñÜs luhdl;rbhcnμ)an 29 qñam RBH sit tß RTg;enOyNaynwgraCsm,tiþ ehiymanesckr RþIex<ImreGIm elaksnñivaskan;etxøamgelig². RBHGgÁsBVRBHraChb T½y cg;edahrsaybbaðacivit ehiycg;erciserisyk karsagpñüscamefüa)ay edim,isermc nuvsmμasem<afibaøan. enatibmput RBHGgÁ)anlHbg;RBHraCvgS ehiylycrt;etasagpñüstamgrartis at;. erkayebldwgfa RBHsiT tß yagetasagpñüs ekanðj RBahμN_ nigburtarbahμn_ 4 nak;etot k¾)anecjetasagpñüsedr. GñkbYsTaMg 5 xagerkamenh ehafa { bba vkáiy_ } tambermirbh sit tß. erkaybi)ansakl,gtb³fm tamsasnarbahμn_ CamYytabsRBahμN_BIrnak;KW { GaLartabs nig ]Tktabs } BMu)anseRmclT pll RBHGgÁk¾xMRbwgts UEsVgrksc Fm edayxøünégpþal;. 2-karRtas;dwg erkaybiefvitukçrkic { kic EdlRbtibtþiedayBi)ak } Gs;ry³eBl 6 vssamk RBHGgÁ)anyag ecjbiracrkwh efvidmeniretadl;rsukebafikya kñúgrdæmkf³. RBHGgÁRTg; )anefvismμafienaerkamedimebafi- RBwkS Ek,rsÞwgenrBa r³ ehiyrbhggártg;)anp aj;mar. RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;dwgCaRBHBuT enaéf BuF 15 ekit Ex Bisax qñam rka kñúgrbhcnμayu 35 qñam. 3-GMBIFmμeTsna luh)anrtas;dwg nuvsmμasem<afijanehiy RBHBuT RTg;sEmþgFm etsnatunμanstvelak eday BMuRbkan;vNÑ³eLIy. enaeblenah manmnussmñacaercin)ansmusiksaeronsurtenakñúgsmnak;rbs;rbhggá. RBHGgÁRTg;)anbMeBjBuT kic TaMg 5 Rbkar KWCakic EdlRBHGgÁRtUvbMeBjGs;ry³kal 45 qñam. enaeblrbwk RTg;nimnþbiNÐ)at - 75 -

eblresol RTg;sEmþgFm etsnadl;mhacn eblrblb; RTg;RbTan»vaTdl;PikçúsgÇ eblknþalgarfat RTg;edaHRsayRbsñaFM²rbs;BYkeTvta ebletobpøw RTg;RbemIlemIl nuvtukçevtnarbs;stvelak 4- GMBIbriiniBVanþ enaeblecjvssakmrb; 45 qñam éf 15 ekitebjbrmi Ex max qñam msaj; RBHBuT RTg;)andak; Gayusgçarrbs;RBHGgÁ edayr)ab;bykmarfa {RBHGgÁnwgcUlniBVanþehIy}. RBHGgÁyageTAdl;;nKrkusinara ehiyrtg;yagculsalv½nþ { érb }. RBHGgÁRtas;[ GannÞ erobcmerkfvayrbhggápþm { pþmep ógetaxagsþam RBH)ateqVgRtYtelIRBH)aTsþaM }. enabc wmrarti RBHGgÁRTg;Rtas;eTAPkçúsgÇTaMgLayfa {mñalpikçútamglay \LÚvenH tfakt R)ab;fa { GVI² EdlekIteLIg EdlmanehIy EdlpÁMúpSMehIy EtgEtmanskmμPaB nig rlt;etacafmμta. GñkTaMgLaycUljúaMgRbeyaCn_edaykiriyamineFVsRbEhscuH }. RBGgÁmanBuT dikaet b:uenñah RTg;k¾rlt;sgçareBlenaHeTA. RBHBuT )anculbrinibvanþenaéf 15 ekit Ex Bisax qñam msaj; { 543 munk>s } enakñúgrbhcnμayu 80 RBHvsSa. - 76 -

RTsþIsMxan;² rbs;rbhbut Griysc ³ KWCakarBitd¾RbesIr. RBHBuT )anrkexijgriysc ³ 4 RbkarehAfa Griysc ³TaMg 4 b cturariysc ³ EdlmandUcxageRkamenH 1-TukçGriysc ³ KWCaTukç énesckþibit EdlekItmaneLIgdl;mnusSstVRKb;rUb nigbmugacecosput)aneliy RKan;Et GñkxøHmanTukçtic GñkxøHeTotmanTukçeRcIn. TukçFM² rymman CatiTukç ³ TukçeRBaHmankMeNIt BüaFiTukç ³ TukçeRBaHmanCMegWebotebon CraTukç ³ TukeRBaHcas;Cra mrn³tukç ³ TukeRBaHesckþIsøab; erkabitukçfmtamg 4 enh enamantukçcaercinetot duccatukçekiteligedaysarkarrbat;r)as; min )anducbmngr)afña. 2-smuTGriysc ³ KWCaesckþIBit EdlTTYlekIteLIgmkBIehtu. ehtuedlname[mantukçman 2 ya:gfm² KW GviC a tnða GriC a KWCaesckþIl g;exøa b mindwg minyl;nuvehtu EdlnaM[manTukç. GriC aenh nam[ekitman elignuvtnða. tnðaenh Cab skl;d¾cmbg EdlnaM[manTukçRKb;Rbkar ehiynignam[mankmenitcabnþbnþab; mindac;duckñúgrtwsþibdic smub,at. 3-nieraFGriysc ³ KWCakarrYcRsLH b rlt;tukçcaesckþibit. kenøgrlt;tukç KWniBVanþ. edim,ibm)at;tukç[gs;rlig RtUvbM)at; b rmlaytnða niggvic a. 4-mKÁGriysc ³ KWCameFüa)ay EdlnaMe[putTukç CaesckþIBit. edim,irmlt;tukç ehiyetadl;nibvanþ RBHBuT )an bba ak;fa RtUvRbkan;ykpøÚvkNþal ehiyrbtibtþiya:gx ab;x ÜnnUvmKÁ³ 8 ya:g { GdægÁikmKÁ } KW - 77 -

smμatidæi ³ KWkaryl;eXIjtampøÚvRtUv b karyl;exijbitnuvspavfm TaMgLay. smμasgáb, ³ KWkarRtiHriHRtwmRtUv minbüa)at mineboteboncmebahmnussstvtueta karrtihrihrtwm RtUvnaM[CYbRbTH nuvpll esckþisuxcmerin. smμavaca ³ KWvacarRtwmRtUv vacaknuvvicirtuc rit 4 ya:g KW musavat { BaküminBit PUtPr kuhk; } bisunavat { Baküesots k ejahjg; bmebkbm)ak; } sm b,nvat { BaküeLHeLaH kmebøg esicelg\trbeyacn_ } prusvat { BaküDWdg bbaäitbebaäóg ecrrbetc } smμakmμnþ ³ KWkarRbRBwtþl evorcaknuvkaytuc rit 3 ya:g KW GTinña { karminlycrbbn GñkdéT } )ana { karminsmøab;stvmancivti } kaem {karminrbtibtþixusc,ab; lycrbbn kunek } smμagaciv³ ³ karrbkbrbciba wmcivtitampøúvrtuv KWBüayamxagpøÚvcitþ minlycbøn;rtbüsm,tþirbs; GñkdéT } smμavayam ³ KWkarBüayamRtwmRtUv KWBüayamxagpøÚvcitþ pøúvkmnit duccakarkarbarmin[man)ab Gkusl b esahμg EdlekItmaneLIgenAx½NÐsNþan nigbüayamxagpúøvkay duccabüayamefvigmebil ² RKb; Ebbya:g b BüayamrkSaGMeBIl EdlekItmaneLIg. smμasti ³ KWkarrMlwknwkeXIj nigdwgxøüncanic kñúgstirtwmrtuv. smμasmafi ³ KWkarcMerInQaneTArkkarPavna edim,itmál;citþ[l RtwmRtUv min[revirvaygenþt GNþÚg ebalkwtamgcitþs ubcanic kñúggarmμn_etmyy. mkátamg 8 ya:genh GacsegçbmkenARtwm 3 ya:gkw - smμavaca - smμavayam - smμasgáb, sil - smμakmμnþ smμafi - smμasti bbaøa - smμgaciv³ - smμasmafi - smμatidæi edim,ibba b;se gáamrvagcati nigcati nigedim,ipshpsarcati tamtssn³but sasnamnuss mñak;² RtUvGb;rMcitþkñúgKuNFm GVIxøH? - 78 -

ekarbkñaetavijetamk echeliksþüy nigechkarbaresckþiéføfñúrrbs;mnuss edayrbtibtþitam silfm Canic ducedlrbhbrmrku éneyig)anhamrbrbwtþgmebi 10 Rbkar EdlpÞúynwgsiT imnuss kaykmμbi edaygmebi minrtuvsmøab; minrtuvlyc minrtuvrmelapeptnana vicikmμbyn edayvaca minrtuvputkuhk; minrtuvniyayejahjg; minrtuvniyayrtekahe)ahe)ak min tuvniyaybakümin)ankar. menakmμbi edaycitþ minrtuvcg;)anrbs;ek minrtuvkmukynbüa)atek minrtuverbkøaykarbit RBhμviharFm TaMg 4 emtþa RsLaj;rab;GanKñaedayPaBesμaHRtg; kruna GaNitGasUrKñaeTAvijeTAmk mutita minrtuvrcennnwggñkdét)ansux ]ebkça efvicitþ[enaknþal minlem óg mnussrkb;rubsut Etcg;)anesckþIsux. edim,isermc)annuvesckþisux etirtuvefvigvixøh? suxmanb:unμanya:g? esckþisuxtamg 5 Rbkar EdlmnusSRKb;rUbcg;)anKW esckþisux erbahetmanmas-r)ak; nigrtbüsm,tþi esckþisux erbahet)anerbir)as;rtbüfn esckþisux erbahetkμancmbak;bmnulek esckþisux erbahetbmuedlmanetas nigcm WQWfáat; esckþisux erbahetmansnþisux nigkμans gáam edim,isermc)annuvesckþisuxtamggs;xagelienh mñak;² RtUvEtksagGMeBIl RKb;Ebbya:g TaMgkay vaca nigcitþ. - 79 -

GMBIBuT lt i TsSn³RTwsþIrbs;RBHBuT TaMgb:unμan KWsßitenAkñúgKm<IréRtbidk kñúglt ibut sasna. Km<IréRtbidk KWCaXøaMgsMrab;pÞúknUvBuT vcn³. { BaküsMdIrbs;RBHBuT } ebalkw»vatrbs;rbhggá Edl)ansEmþgFmμeTsna kñúgry³ebl 45 vssa cab;tamgbiebledlrtg;)anrtas;dwg rhutdl;rtg;cul)anculnibvan. BuT vcn³tamgenh ehafa Fmμvin½y. Fmμvin½yenHman 3 cmenkkw sutþnþ vin½y GPiFmμ Fmμvin½yTaMgbIcMENkenH RBHefrTaMgLay)ansgÁayna {ecjedayepþógpþat;}. ]TahrN_ ³ etsnasgáaynaerkbi. erkaymk )ancgrkgtukcarkumehafa { bidk }. KmI<rRBHéRtbidk mancmnynercin Cag Km<IrevT ercincagkm<irb Íb 11 dg. Km<IréRtbidk CaKm<IrsasnaeBjbribUN BIeRBaHvaminEmnCavcn³ rbs;gatietb duckñúglt irbahμn_eliy. erkayebl EdlRBHBuT culbrinibvanþpøam RtUv)aneFVIsgÁaynaya:g epþógpþat; nam[rksatuknuvpabedimminlem óg. KmI<rRBHéRtbidkman 3 cmenkkw vin½ybidk man 11 PaK sutþnþbidk man 64 PaK GPiFmμbidk man 33 PaK k-vin½ybidk vin½ybidk KWCaKm<IrEdlsþIGMBIRkwtRkm EdlRBHsmμasm<úT )anbbaøtþitukcapøúv srmab;rbtibtþirbs; Pikçú PikçnI ])ask ])asikatamglay. Km<IrenH CakBa k; srmab;qøúhbba amgkal EdlRBHGgÁRTg;Kg;enACa FrmanenAeLIy. vin½ybidkenh man 5 Km<IrKW GaTikmμ { etasf n; } - 80 -

)acitþiy { etasrsal } mhavká { vkáfm } culøvká { vkátuc } brivar { bnþab;bnsm rayrg } x-sutþnþbidk sutþnþbidk KWCaKm<IrsURt EdlRBHsmμasm< út RTg;sEmþgFmμeTsna. mansurtxøh RtUvsEmþgeday RBHGriysav½k duccarbh saributþetßr RBH emakáløanetßr RBH GannÞetßr CaedIm. Km<Irsutþnþ b RBHsURtman 5 Km<Ir KW 1-TiXnikay ³ surtmanxøwmsarbisþar 2-mCÄwmnikay ³ surtmanxøwmsarcamfüm 3-siyutþinikay ³ surtmanesckþirbehlkña 4-GgÁtþrnikay ³ surtmanesckþicarkum CaBYk 5-]TÞknikay ³ surtedayxøi² erkabienh maneckecjcanikaytuc²cmnyn 15 nikayetot KW 1- ]TÞk)az ³ GtßbTxøI² 2- FmμbT ³ pøúvénsc ³Fm 3- ]Tan ³ KafaeFVI[rIkray 4- \tivutþk ³ surtfamanduecñh 5- vimanvt ³ surtbivimanenaevburi 6- ebtvtß ³ nitanbierbt 7- efrkafa ³ KafaRBHefreTsna 8- efrikafa ³ KafaRBHefrIeTsna 9- Catk ³ nitancatk 10- nietþs ³ karsemþgbnül; 11- bdismöita ³ vic avipak 12- GbTan ³ CIvPaBRBHGrhnþ 13- BuT vgs ³ RbvtþiRBHsmμasm<úT 14- criybidk ³ vifirbtibtþitambut criya K-GPiFmμbidk - 81 -

GPiFmμbidk KWCaKm<Ir Edlniyayerobrab;GMBIFm Gaf ya:grcalercabmput. vacagtßbt EdlpÞúy BIsutþnþbidk. GPiFmμbidkCabrmtßeTsnasþIBIcitþ ectsik rubnibvanþ. Km<IrenH Tuk[stVelakeFVIkarEvkEjk ya:gl itl n;bmput. Km<IrenH EckecjCa 7 Km<Ir KW 1- FmμsgÁNI ³ karcat;rebobfm 2- vipgá ³ karebgeckfm 3- kfavtßú ³ cmnucfm EdlmanesckþIpÞúyKña 4- bukábbaøtiþ ³ bbaøtþifacabukál 5- Fatukfa ³ karevkejkfatu 6- ymk ³ Fm KUr²Kña 7- bdæan ³ Fm bc ½yTak;TgKña bidktamgbienh maneqμahfa tibidk b értbidk. UGMBIsgÁayna TI 1 ³ edim,irksa nuvpabedim énbut vcn³ erkayebledlrbhbut brinibvanþpøam mhaefrtamglay )ancat;ecgefvisgáayna manrbh mhakssbetßr CaRbFan CaGñksYr RBH ])alietßr CaGñkeqøIy. tmk syrfm RBH GannÞetßr CaGñkeqø Iy. kalenah minmancarwkcalayl½kçn_gksret karsyreqøiyrtwmrtuv ehiy RBH Garhnþ TaMg 500 GgÁsVaFüay KWsURtRBm²KñaTaMg 500 GgÁ Tal;EtmankarcgcaMsÞat;. karcgcam EbbenH ehafa { mux)az } sgáaynaenh )anefvieligerkayebl EdlRBHBuT brinibvanþ)an 3 Ex munk>s 276 qñam ehiy)anefvieligenakñúgrkugracrkwh elipñmevpar³ eqμahstþbnñkuhar erkamkarcyy]tßmörbs; RBH)aT GCatsRtUv EdnmKF³ sbvéf CardæBiharrbs;RbeTs\NÐa. TI 2 ³ Gs;ry³eBlmYyryqñaMeRkaymk mankarrbtibtþixusknøgbut bbaøtiþ efvi[mansgáaynaca eliktibir. sgáaynaenh efvieligenaerkamgfibtipabrbs;rbh sbvkamietßr RBH ervtetßrshcati CaGñksYr riérbh sbvkamietßr CaGñkeqøIy RBH sgátikacarü CaRBHGrhnþ 700 GgÁ efvienavtþvalukaram RkugevsalI EdnrC I erkamrbhraccyy]btßmörbs;rbh)at kalaesak CaRBHraCaRkug)adlibutþRbeTs\NÐa. B>s)an knøgeta)an 100 qñam KWmunK>s 377 qñam sgáaynaenhmaneqμahfa TtiysgÁayna )anefvieliggs;efrevla 8 Ex etibcb;. TI 3 ³ erkayeblrbhbut brinibvanþ)an 218 qñam mankarrcbukrcbl ;kñúgbut sasna BIeRBaHenA eblenah mangñkkan;sasnarbahμn_mkbysbnømxøün kñúgrc kalrbh)at GesakmharaC. sgáaynaenh cat; TukCamhasgÁaynad¾l RbéBmYy edim,irksatukpabbrisut Fmμvin½y [enakg;vgsducedim. sgáaynaenh RbRBwtþeTAGs;ry³eBl 8 Ex. - 82 -

TI 4 ³ sgáaynaenh RbRBwtþeTAenARbeTs\NÐa efvienaednksμir erkamrbhraccyy]btßmörbs; RBH)aT ksisá³. sgáaynaenh mankarculrymbirbh mhinþetßr CaRBHraCbuRtrbs;RBH)aT GesakmharaC Ca smntut [etapsbvpsaybut sasnaenalgáatvib nigrbhnag sgçmitþaefr CaRBHraCbuRtI nag GnuLaeTvI CaRBHGnuCéfø erkamkarer)asrbnirbs;rbhmhaksrtekahlgáa nigrbcara sþ. edim,irbtisßanbut sasna RBH)aT etvanmäiytiss { mhaksrtekahlgáa } RkabbgÁMTUlfVay RBH mhinþetßr sumefvisgáaynafm vin½y. munnwgefvisgáayna RBH)aT etvanmäiytss )anbba ÚnTUt[cUleTA bgámkal;dl;rbh)at FmμaesakmharaC enacm<útvib RbeTs\NÐa. kalenah RBHsgáa)ansikSaRBHBuT vcn³echcamsþat;ercinggá ehiy)anculrymefvisgáitipacarüena vtþfu)aram kñúgrkuggnurafbur³ efvigs;ry³ebl 10 Ex {B>s 236 munk>s 241 qñam }. TI 5 ³ RBHmhakSRtekaHlgáa )aner)asrbni [ksagvtþmyyenarkuggnurafbur³ {GPyvihar } RbeKndl;mhaefr Edlmannamfa tiss CaGñkEtgKm<IrmYyeQμaHfa vimutþimkákm<ir visut imká CasñaédBuT - exasacarü. RBHmhaefrGgÁenH kan;tamsit ivc Ibutþ ipikç ú EdlpÞ úynwgfmμvin½ykñ úgbut sasna. sgáaynati 5 enh RBH BuT etßr CaRbFan CaGñksYr RBH tissetßr CaGñkeqøIy ehiyedlrbrbwtþetags;ry³eblmyyqñametib cb; { B>s 520 munk>s 24 qñam }. eblenahehiy EdlnaM[ekItmanCakarcarwkCalayl½kçN_GkSr mundmbugbg s;enakñúgrbvtþirbs; BuT sasna. etirbhbut sasnamhayan nighinyanmanspablkçn³xusebøkkñaya:gnaxøh? spabxuskña mhayan ecig mhayancayanfmnamstvelaketakan; RtwmEtRBHeBaFisat;)aneRcIn. esøóksemøókbmbak;bn elog ekarbgacarümyy² GacrIyvaT vin½yfurrsal ekarbfm fμi Km<IrfμI bmngetakan;tynaticaebafisat; tynaticaebafisat; EtmansT a nigcmeno esμahrtg;elirbh. kuslrbs;xøüngacpsbvpsaydl;gñkdét ecielirbhebafisat; elaeksvr³ b Gvela- hinyan t,úg hinyancayantuc namstvelaketakan; ertiynibvan)antic. RKgs,g;cIvrBN elog ekarbtambut»vat énrbhsmμasm<út vin½ytwgetg ekarbkm<irértbidk lkçn³xuskña - 83 - bmngetakan;nibvan nigrbhgrhnþ PikçúeTIbGaceTAkan;niBVan)an ecoelikmøamgxøün { Gtßahi Gtþenanaefa } ecoelirbhsmμasm<út

etikarr)ascaksilfm rbs;mnussexμr )anpþl;plvi)akgvixøhdl;xøünég RKYsar nigsgám? cmebahxøünég ³ sgáms b;ex<im minttylsáal; )at;bg;témøcamnuss KμanjatimitþRKYsarrab;Gan RtUvc,ab;pþnÞa etas c,ab;rdæ c,ab;sgám sasna b:hbal;suxpab )at;bg;civit xatbg;r)ak;kas RTBüsm,tþi )at;bg; GnaKt kñúgqakcivit. ]Tarh_ ³ karlycqk;bøn;ek esbkb;erkogejón elgel,gsiusg ebore)a: knþúyelx cak;)al; GMeBIG)aymuxTaMg 3. cmebahrkysar ³ )at;bg;kitþiys kmøamgblkmμ fvika b esdækic ekitmangmebihigsakñúgrkysar xvhpabkk;ekþakñúg RKYsar xvhkarttylxusrtuvkñúgrkysar xvhkarekarb nigcmenotukcitr Rþ. cmebahsgám ³ )at;bg;fnfanmnuss RbeTsCatiGab;»nkitþiys KμankarrIkceRmIn )at;bg;fvikacati )at;bg;kar ekarbc,ab; )at;bg;tmøapab )at;bg;kargpivdæ )at;bg;sniþsux sgámgnafibetyü niglt plmingacyk Cakar)an. srubmk silfm mansar³smxan;nas; srmab;efvi[bukálmanmnsikar kñúgcivitrs;ena. ekniyayfa { ebicg;eklm b ksagmnuss RtUvBicarNa nigksagmcädæan EdlmnusS }. Bakü enh mann½yya:gna? kareklm b ksagmnuss EdlTak;TgnwgkarGb;rM TaMgkñúgsalaeron TaMgkñúgmCÄdæan EdlmnusS rs;enamanmanesckþiducteta Eklm mann½yfa Ek[)anl efvi[l EkBIGMeBIGaRkk;[mkCaGMeBIl ksag mann½yfa efvi[ekitmanelig bnþúhbnþal>>>>>>>>> mcädæan mann½yfa TIkEnøg sgámmnuss shkmn_ sßanpabsgámbc úb,nñman - 84 -

PaBRkIRketakyak silfm mintan;l BiesskareKarBc,ab; TTYl\T iblminl énvb,fm bretmkelivb,fm Cati { t nþi PaBynþ viedgu Gakb,kiriya edk edir Qr GgÁúy niyaysþi smpar³>>>>>>>}. cmnuctamggs;enh CaesrIPaBKμanRBMEdn EdlnaM[b:HBal;dl; TMenomTMlab; RbéBNICati CaBiessyuvCneyIg kargpivdæfnfanmnuss enamintan;eqø IytbeTAnwgtRmUvkarcaM)ac;rbs;sgÁmCati { bmninvic aciv³ nig TIpSarBlkmμ } karyl;dwg enamankrmittab sþibikarekarbsit imnuss lt irbcafibetyü brisßan vb,fm Cati suxpab >>>>>>. enamangmebibukrlyy silfm KuNFm enamankrmit>>>>>>>>>>. mefüa)ay nigvifankar bnþúhbnþalfnfanmnuss[mansμartiesñhacati { RBlwgCati GtþsBaØaNCati>>>>>>} psbvpsayvb,fm Cati[)aneRcInCagvb,Fm brets begáitsñaédvb,fm Cati [)anercincagbrets Tb;sáat; [xanet)annuv\t ibltamglayna Edlminl EdlCavb,Fm brets elikkm<s;karyl;dwgbidygrblwgcati GtþsBaØaNCati vb,fm Cati kat;bnßypabrkirkrbs;rbcacati edaybm)at;gmebibukrlyy GMeBIhwgSa karcyjdurerkogejón kar CYjdUrmnusS karerbigavufxusc,ab; El,gsIusgxusc,ab; BiessGnkçrPaBenAkñúgsgÁm nigral;)atupabca GviC man. GPivDÆshKmn_ edaybegáinbmninvic aciv³ RsbtamTIpSarBlkmμesrI edaycyy]btßmötamgsμarti nig smpar³. ksagmnussl yuvcnl nigblrdæl kaysm,tamammyn suxpabl manpabvagév rh½srhyn bbaøasm,ta EpñkcMeNHdwgTUlMTUlay manbec kvitüa vitüasa sþtmenib echerbierkogeglicrtunic cmenhefvi manbtbiesafn_ nigsiksarsavrcav silsm,ta mansilfm KuNFm econelon KμankarrMelaPsiT i ekarbsit imnuss nigc,ab; tam ekalneya)aylt irbcafibetyü manmnsikarcati mansamkáiékpabcati manktiyutþifm kñúgsgám. - 85 -

ehtugvi)ancaekniyayfa kitþiys - kitþinamrbs;mnussmñak; RtUvepþImecjBIskmμPaB nigsilfm Gakb,kiriyapÞal;xøÜnrbs;GñkenaH? kitþiys mann½yfa ekrþ eqμahd¾rugerog yss½kþid¾l,il,aj nigfámúefáig. kitþina mann½yfa nameqμah ekrþ eqμahd¾l,il,ajrnþwsuhsay. RtUvepþImecjBIskmμPaB silfm Gakb,kiriyapÞal;xøÜn tamry³kayvikar vacacitþ ducteta dwgxus dwgrtuv l GaRkk; køahan h anttylxusrtuveligmebirbs;xøün tamgxøüncam as;elicitþrbs;xøün sáal;parkic nigkatbvkic rbs;xøün RsLaj;xøÜn RKYsarrbs;xøÜn RsLaj;GñkdéT edayekarbsit imnuss lt irbcafibetyü efvi[ mansmpab suxdumrmna. manmnsikarkñúgkargar rksiutamsmtßpab nigtamsmμagacieva minrmelapeligñktuctaccagxøün b GñkxSt;exSayCagxøÜn. mansamkáipabl minbgátmnas; RsLaj;yutþiFm RsLaj;mnusSCatiTUeTA TTYlsÁal;TukçevTna rbs;gñkdét [ductukçevtnarbs;xøün. mantmnak;tmngl minrbkan;bn sm,úr Rbkan;BUCsasn_ minrbkan;vnñ³ zan³ CMenOsasna>>>>>>. Rbkan;nUvRBhμviharFm TaMg 4 emtþa kruna mutita ]ebkça nigsil 5. ebicagñkdwknam RtUvmanTsBiFraCFm 10 Rbkar KW Tan GMeNay sil minrbrbwtþgarkk; bric ak cmnayfnfan GaC v³ esμahrtg; mnþv³ Tn;Pøn; tb³ Kg;]e)asfsIl GekáaFn³ minekþa Rkhay GvihwgSa minerbigmebihwgsa xnþi Gt;Fμt; Tn;Pøn; GvieraFn³ minrmelapbmban - 86 -

BuT icagvi? BuT i ( La Connaissance ) KWCacMeNHdwg karyl;dwgtuetarbs;mnuss PasakþI kñúg citþkþi nigkñúgkargarkþi. UbBaðaBuT i U³ manmulehtu 3 ya:gkw BuT irbfan Objet de la Connaissance bbaðabut i Pav³ sux³ kñúgbut sasna nigrbhμbaøsasna - GñkbegáIt Canam CarUb CaGsßirUb - GñkpSay Mental Matiere Metaphysique - GñkTTYl BuT ivtßú Objet de la Connaissance BuT ibmng But de la Connaissance - vtßú BuT sil, BuT sasn BuT ivic a - mnuss Certhetuque Religieuse Savoir - sgámnuss - etv³ témøéntmnak;tmngrvagbut irbfan nigbut ivtßú - l GaRkk; - BieraH minbierah - sux Tukç - tf³ sc ³ Gcäriy³ Pav³CaGVI? smáal;nuvkarkekitrkb;ebbya:gkñúgfmμcatitamgbikmenitgrubi rubi niggsßirub. ]TahrN_ ³ dgáúv emgme)a>>>>>. - 87 -

+ UbBðaPav³U ³ manmulfatu 3 ya:g KW - spablkçn³ dixusbitwkebbna? PavPaB { Pav³manrUbragrYcmkehIy duccatwk xül; epøig di - dmenir smáal;nuvkarrbrbwtþetaénpav³ - sambaøvifi { vifibegáitpav³tammefüayfmμcati }. ]TahrN_ ³ dusfμ[ekþa - epøig. PavviFI ³ vifibegáit OB2B B HB2 HB2BO - vitüavifi { vifibegáitpav³tamvic asüg; } ]TahrN_ ³ karbiesafn_ rkkarbit. - TsSn³viFI { vifibegáitpav³tamtssn³gñkr)acjnimyy² }. - rubniymvat {smpar³} RTwsþI EdlniymykviFImkeRbI { kmμvtßú PavvaTRTwsIþ EdlBnül;BIPav³ KWyk siksaelak }. PavPaB-Pav³-viFI-PavvaTRTwsþI - menaniymvat { RTwsþIEdlykmenaCaFM } - smeyakniymvat {RTwsþIEdlpSMrvagmenaniym nigrubniym UbBaðasux³U Bonheur sux³cagvi? CabMNgrbs;mnusS ehiynigcalt plrym EdlekItBITMnak;TMngrvagBuT i nigpav³. sux³smáal;nuvesckþisux. UbBaðasux³U ³ manmulfatu 3 ya:g KW suxpab dmenirénsux³ BuT sasnanibvanþ - spablkçn³ { sux³ rubrag } - dmenir { karrbrbwtþénesckþisux } ]TahrN_ ³ Gnuvtþ vivtþ bdivtþn_. suxvifi { vifi smrab;begáitsux - sambaøvifi { vifibegáitsux)ancafmμta } ]TahrN_ ³ karesvgrkmas R)ak; edim,isuxkñúgcivpab. - vitüavifi {vifibegáitsuxtamvic asüg;} ]TahrN_ ³ karekarbgnam½y. - TsSn³viFI { vifibegáitsuxtamtssn³vitu nigkarbiesafn_pþal;xøün. - rubfatuniymvat { RTwsþIsmÁal;sux³ ykrubefvicaekal CamUldæan én - 88 -

RTwsþIEdlEsþgeLIgtamcitþ. suxvat RTwsþIEdlcgRkg - menaniymvat { RTwsIþBIsux³CaeKalmUldæan énrtwsþitamrubvat smrab;sux³ citþ nigsmpar³ }. - bdismeyakniymvat { rubniym nigmenaniym } - RBahμN_ ³ BN s - esþc ³ BN Rkhm vnñ³tamg 4 kñúgsasnarbahμn_ - évsü³ ³ BN elog - surt ³ BN exμa k-rbhμbaøsasna ³ BuT i Pav³ sux³ BuT i ³ KWCacMeNHdwg karyl;exijtulmtulayya:gl RbesIrrbs;mnusS enakñúgpasakþi citþkþi kñúgkargarepsg²kþi sut EtCaBuT i Edl)anmkedaysarGMeNayrbs;GaTieTB. BuT ienh manenakñúgkm<irevt ehiygñk EdlmansiT ittyl KWBYkRBahμN_ b RBHmhakSRt. Pav³ ³ smáal;nuvgvi²tamggs; EdlekItmanenAkñúgelak duccamnuss Twk di epøig xül; Ca edim. Pav³TaMgGs;enH sut EtekIteLIgedaysarGaTieTBCaGñkbegáIt. sux³ ³ mnussrkb;²rubenakñúgelakeyigenh edim,i)anesckþisuxkaysb,aycitþ mansupmgál mnussrtuvetmanpkþipabcmebahgatietb edaygnuvtþvifirbtibtþiepsg² enakñúgsasnarbahμn_. x-but sasna BuT i ³ CacMeNHdwg karyl;exijtuetarbs;mnuss etahbicamankrmitnakþi BitCaekItecj mkbikarsnsm ]ssah_büayambnþicmþg² rbs;mnuss minemncagmenayrbs;gatietbeliy mann½yfa mnuss RKb;vNÑ³ GacrkBuT iexijtamggs; Etedaysarkarts UBüayam. Pav³ ³ KWCaGVI² EdlekItmaneLIgenAkñúgelakeyIgenH mankmenitedaysmxtfatu KWFatu psm. ]TahrN_ ³ mnussekitelig edaysarfatupsmx½n TaMg 5 nigfatuepsg²etot. kñúgbut sasnaecgfa mnussbegáitpav³)an edaypav³epsg²etotrsbtamfmμcati EdlRTRTg;Pav³ ebalkw BiesaFn_Gacxus Gac RtUv. kmenitpav³enah Tak;TgnwgFmμPaBP ab;ehtu nigpl EdlmankarTak;TgKña. sux³ ³ mnussrkb;²rub RKb;Catisasn_ EtgEtcg;)anesckþIsuxkay sb,aycitþ RBmTaMg supmgál. RKb;sasnaTaMgGs; EtgEtmanbMNgEsVgrksux³ RKan;EtmeFüay edim,isermcepsg²kñaet b:uenñah. RTwsþIRBHBuT Ecgfa edim,isermcsux³ ekrtuvksaggmebil tampøúvkay vacarcitþ nigpøúvsmpar³. - 89 -

etikarrslaj;rab;gan karekarb karcyytukçfur³gñkdétmansar³rbeyacn_gvixøh? TTYlkarrab;Gan karekarb karykgsarbigñkdét tbmkvijnuvkarcyyse gáah b eliktwkcitþbi GñkdéT enaebledleyigmangasnñgn;rk. manpabs b; suxrsylkñúgcitþ mangriyrtbü kñúgelakxagmux manmitþpabenacmuvijxøün mansamkáipabcakmøamgd¾xøamgkøa mankic shrbtibtþikarl TTYlkarKaMRTBImitþP½ kþ jatimitþcitq ay TTYl)ankitþiys nigesckþiéføfñúr kñúgcivit ksag)ansgámmyyl GaceFVI[mansuxsuvtßiPaBTaMgGs;Kña ehtugvi)ancaekniyayfa esckþiéføfñúrrbs;mnusscamuldæanrkwhénsit imnuss? mnussmñak;² ekitmkehiy EtgEtTamTar nuvsit irs;ranmancivit esripab supmgál nigesckþi éføfñúr edim,irs;camnuss[)ansmrmüenakñúgsgám. ebisincacivit esripab supmgál esckþiéføfñúr RtUv)aneKbMbiT b dkhutenah eyigexijfa va pþúybismnumbrrbs;mnuss. lkçx½nðtamggs;xagelienhehiy BitCanaMmknUvesckþIéføfñÚr nigcamuldæanrkwh énsit imnuss kñúgsgámrbcafibetyübitr)akd. etifm RBHBuT EdlEcgfa esckþisux nigtukçekitmandl;bukáledlcagñkrbrbwtþ RBmTaMgham RbRBwtþGMeBIGaRkk; 10 ya:g EdlekItecjBIkay vaca nigcitþ mangtßn½yya:gnaxøh? curbnül;eday elikyk]tahrn_tampøúvelak nigpøúvfm mkbba ak;. 1- esckþisux ³ KWCaesckþIsb,ayEpñkkaycitþ RsNukRsYl. k- esckþisuxtampøúvelakman suxekitbikarmanrtbü suxekitbikarbriepak nigerbir)as;rtbüya:gsm,ún Ebb suxekitbikarmincmbak;bmnulek suxekitbikarefvikargarr)ascaketas suxerbahkμantmnas; KμanGsnþisuxsgÁm. x- esckþisuxtampøúvfm man )anati)ata hambmpøajcivitstvelak nam[mansit irs;ranmancivit GTinñaTana hamlyc nam[mansv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr mantémøcamnuss kaemsumicäacara hamesbkam RbBn kungñkdét musavata hamebalbaküminbit nam[esckþiéføfñúr mantémøcamnuss - 90 -

suraemry³ hampwkerkogrsvwg nam[manesckþiéføfñúrrbcamkay. 2-esckþITukç CakarRBYy)armÖ CakarlM)ak. k- esckþitukçtampøúvelakman TukçeRBaHeRskXøan TukçeRBaHrksIuBMu)an xvhkargarefvi TukçeRBaHCIvPaBdun dab CMBak;bMNuleK TukçeRBaHGsnþisux KμansuvtßiPaB TukçeRBaHmans gáam \tqb;qr x- esckþitukçtampøúvfm esckþitukçtampøúvfm KμaneT BIeRBaHFm nammknuvsil EdlevorcakGMeBIGaRkk;RKb;EbbRKb;ya:g Rbkan;ykEtGMeBIl tampøúvkay vaca nigcitþ. 3- mnussmñak;² minrtuvrbrbwtþgmebigarkk; 10 ya:g EdlTak;TgnwgsiT imnuss. k- kaykmμ 3 edaygmebir minrtuvsmøab; sit irs;ranmancivit minrtuvlyc sit isv½ysermc minrtuvrbrbwtþ rmelapelieptnana sit isv½ysermc x- vicikmμ 4 edayvaca minrtuvputkuhk sit isv½ysermc minrtuvniyayejahjg; sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr minrtuvniyayrtekahe)ahe)ak sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr minrtuvniyaybakümin)ankar sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr. K- menakmμ 3 edaycitþ minrtuvcg;)anrbs;gñkdét sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr - 91 -

minrtuvcggaxat KMuKYn Büa)aT sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr minrtuverbkøaykarbit sit isv½ysermc nigesckþiéføfñúr. BuT sasna nigsgámexμr bnþab;birbhsmμasm<út RTg;cUlRBHbriniBVanþeTA RbEhlCa 218 qñammunk>s kñúgracrbs;rbh)at FmμaesakmharaC Edl)anesayraCüenAkñ úgracfani )atsibutþ énmkfrdæ RBHGgÁ)anpSBVpSay nuvetcanupab TUTaMgRbeTs\NÐa. RBHGgÁrUbenH culkan;rbhbut sasnaenab>s 234. RBH)aT GesakmharaC edimeliycaesþccrkbtþi enarbets\nða CaesþchVasIus érbéps bmput. RBHGgÁ)ansmøab;sRtUvGs;mYycMnYnFM kñúgeblefvis gáamcamyy kligára sþ. minetb:uenñah RBHGgÁ EfmTaMg)ansmøab;bgb ÚnrYmQamCamYycMnYn 99 nak;etotpg. erkaybi)anrbrbwtþnuvgmebid¾exarexaenahmk RBHGgÁ)anekItmannUvvib,disarICaBn;eBk bnþal[mansmancitþemilexijpøúvfm Gaf tambut vcn³ 84000 Fmμkç½n k¾)anculxøünetaksagr)asatmyycmnyn edim,i]tþisdl;but sasna BiessKWBuT vcn³edlman 84000 Fmμkç½n. tamrbpbbiekahlgáar)an[dwgfa erkaybieblefvisgáaynags;cmnyn 4 dgmk RBHemaKÁlIbutþtisSetßr )ancat;[ esanetßr nig]tþretß cuhmkkan;edndi { suvnñpumi } rbs;eyig erkamkarcyy]btßmörbs;rbh)at FmμaesakmharaC. RbeTskm<úCasm,ÚN sm,tþifmμcati cuhehtugvirbcacnenaetrk? RbCaBlrdæenAmanCYbRbTHkgVHxatkarGb;rM Biessbec kvitüatmenib KμancMeNHdwg l g; Rk mancm W KμankarGPivDÆ manyuvcnbalagavaes mansvamipriyagbmgál mangmebihwgsakñúgrkysar nigsgám gayrsylkñúgkarcaj;e)akek b RtUveKe)ak Kμaneyabl; KμandMeNaHRsaybBaðakñúgRKYsar nigsgám KμanbMNinCIvit KμansmtßPaBbeRmIkargarepSg² RbCaCnxVHmUldæansMPar³fvika xvhdiføi xvhmefüa)ayplitkmμ xvhkmøamgplit xvhtipsarsrmab;lk;ksipl Ekécñksipl - 92 -

CemøaHRbdab;GavuF RbeTsExμr CaRbeTsmYyEdleTIbEtegIbecjBIs gáamcayurqñam RbB½n RKb;RKgGMNac mintan;ekarbc,ab;[)anrtwmrtuv ercinerbigmnacpþac;kar GMeBIekgRbv½Ba mnuss Ep kelitwkr)ak; niggmnac>>>>>>> kmeninrbcacn TamTarkarekIneLIg énkarerbir)as; nigmuldæansmpar³brikçar rcnasm<½n sgám RbeTstUc manrbcacntic k,alma:siundwknam nigrkb;rkgsmbigsmebag>>>>>>>>>> I. sm½ynkrpñm B>s>vTI 6-11 { B>s 543-1093 } K>s s>vti 1-6 { K>s 1550 } enaeblenah RbeTskm<úCaeyIgmankareKarBsasnacMnYnBIrKW RBahμN_sasna nigbut sasna. enakñúgrbahμn_sasna ekekarbrbh\surcafm nigrbhvisñú RBHhrihr³ { RBH\sUr nigrbhnrayn_rymkña }. cmenkriéxagbut sasnavij ek)anekarbbut sasnaefrvat { nikay } rhutmkdl;stvtsti 2 BuT sasna )anrikcmerinxøamgcarbahμn_sasna. enastvtsti 1-6 RbeTskm<úCamaneQμaHfa { nkrpñm } cinehafa hvúnn kñúgracfani { TUmU } BaküburaNehA { Tmak; } RTmak; Gñkbr)aj;. silacarwkexμr)ansresrfa { kurugbñm } Rv³vñM sm sáwtehafa {bb t PU)al } esþcpñm kñúgracfani vsafbur³ ERbfa { Gñkbr)aj; } tamgenatmbn;)apñm extþérbevgsbvéf enh. II. sm½yecnla B>s>vTI 11-14 { B>s 1093-1345 } K>s>s>vTI 6 - cugs>vti 8 { K>s 550-802 } enasm½yenh sasnarbahμn_)anrikcmerinlutlas;cagbut sasna rhutdl;stvtsti 12. ebl enah BuT sasnahinyan)anfycuh\t iblbnþic. enacugstvtsti 7 BuT sasnamhayan)anculmkpsbv psay\t iblkñúgrsukexμr ehiy)anrikcmerinlutlas;dl;stvtsti 13. enaeblenah ekbmusuvexijmanrub bdimakr EdlCaeBaFisatVelaeksVr³ GvelaeksVr³ ekexijmanenaetkñúgr)asatxøh² duccar)asat { - 93 -

RkmYns } enakm<úcaerkam R)asaT { takam } enaextþesomramcaedim etotet. luhmkdl;stvtsti 8 sasnarbahμn_enaetrikcmerintetaetot. III. sm½ymhankr B>s>vTI 14-20 { B>s 1345-1976 } K>s>vTI 9-15 { K>s 802-1432 } RBH)aT C½yvrμ½nTI 2 RTg;)aneLIgesayraCüenAK>s 802 enameh nþbt KWPñMKUEln. kal enah RTg;)annimnþRBahμN_mñak; EdlmaneQμaH hirnütam³ [mkcyyerobcmehambifirbkasékracü Ca crkbtþifirac ehiykitþiysrbs;rbhggá CatYGgÁeTvraC KWRBH hrihr³ dmbugbg s;kñúgrbvtþisa sþrbs;rbets km<úcaeyig. - 94 -

RBH)aT C½yvrμ½nTI 2 CaesþcmYyGgÁd¾RbesIréRkElg BIeRBaHGgÁRTg;)anbRgYbbRgYmRbeTsEdl Ebk)ak;Kña [mkrymcamyykñaeligvij. esþcggáenh kan;sasnarbahμn_ minkan;but sasnaenahet k¾b:uenþ BuT sasna k¾enacamyykñaducedim vijedr. RBHGgÁRTg;[eKksagligÁRBH\sUrtmál;TukkñúgR)asaTPñM srmab; ekarbbuca. enacugstvtsti 9 K>s 889 RBH)aT yesavrμ½nti 1 RTg;)aneLIgesayraCüsm,tþibnþ RTg;)an kan;rbahμn_sasna EdlniymRBH\sUrCaFM k¾b:uenþrtg;)angnubaøat[kan;but sasnaedr KWBuT sasnanikay hinyan mhayan RBmTaMgRBhμBaØsasna ekarbsasnatamgbi. enastvtsti 12 kñúgracrbs;rbh)at suriyavrμ½nti 2 K>s 1113 mankarerbrbyl kñúgsasna RBahμN_ KWRBHGgÁRTg;)aneKarBRBHvisÑúCaFM duccaekrbthexijmanenakñúgk,ac;cmøak;enatamcba amgr)asat GgÁvtþ EdlTak;TgnwgRBHGvtarbs;RBHvisÑú erogramayn³ erogmhapart³caedim rhutdl;stvtsti 12 etibrbhggáermkekarbbut sasnavij. - 95 -

enastvtsti 13 RBH)aT C½yvrμ½nTI 7 CaBuT sasnikd¾eqñim RBHGgÁRTg;)ankan;BuT sasnanikay mhayan ekarbrbhebafisatvelaeksvr³. RBHGgÁRTg;)anpøas;bþÚrRbéBNI EdlFøab;Et )anekarbetvrac tamgetbiracrbs;rbh)at C½yvrμ½nTI 2 mkekarbbut sasnavij. b:uenþ RBhμBaØsasna k¾bmutan;rlaysabsunüena eliyedr. RBHGgÁRTg;)anksagR)asaTCaeRcIn srmab;]tþisdl;but sasna duccar)asat )ay½n tmnag[rbhggácutivgát. cmenkrié RBHeBaFisatVelaeksVr³ KWsßitenAsmnþmux muxbyn EdlenARKb;kMBUl P½ kþjjwmeta RKb;TisTITaMg 4 ehafajjwm { )ay½n }. bnþab;biracrbh)at C½yvrμ½nTI 7 mk etibekvilrtlb;mkkan;rbhμbaøsasna eligvij EdleKarBRBH\sUrCaFM edayman karbmpøajrbhbut rub rhutmkdl;cugstvtsti 14 BuT sasnaepñkpasa)ali Edl)annaM RBH)aTC½yvrμ½nTI 7 cultamgbistvtsti 12 k¾)anrikduhdalelig rhutdl;eblbc úb,nñenh. IV. sm½yerkaymhankr cab;bik>s 1520 erkaysm½y mhankrmk RBHBuT sasnaefrvat)anrbtisßan enaelitwkdikm<úca eday)ancak;b sya:gerca CaerogrhUtmk cmenkérbhμbaøsasna nig BuT sasnanikaymhayanvij minsuvmansav½k culrym ehiyk¾sabsunübnþicmþg². RBHBuT sasnaefrvat )anrikcmerin ehiy)anykvtþrbhμbaøsasnamkefvicavtþebb - 96 - RBHeBaFistVelaeksVr³

BuT sasnavij KW)at;sIv³ ligá ehiy)anelc eføaelignuvbut rubcmnysvij. vtþ Edlpøas;BIvtþ RBhμBaØsasnamkCavtþBuT sasna manduccavtþ GgÁtaMgRkaMg vtþrlamg vtþ)aggá vtþrbhligá vtþtamgenaekak vtþrkamgsvay vtþrlamgekn vtþ)aqaycaedim. karedlpøas;bþúr manenadit damtmenomtmlab;ducbiedim ek)an[kunecaeta eronsurtenatamvtþgaram bergongksr elx nbvnþ rcna karsßabna c,ab;silfm nigfm - Gaf BuT sasna. luheronechdwglμmehiy RtUv bmbyscasamenr CaPikçú ekitcatmøab;fa kun RbusGayu 12 qñam RtUvbYsCasameNr edim,i sgkunmata. Gayu)an 21 qñam RtUvbYseronCa Pikçú edim,isgkunbita. luhbyscasamenr PikçúehIy etibekrab;camnussebjelj. ena eblswkmkvij ekehafa GnÞit bnðit Edl ERbfaCaGñkR)aCJ ekelgehafa Ga mwg etotehiy. etitmenomtmlab;rkysarburanexμrniym[kunrbussagpñü s kunrsiculmøm; etimangtßn½yya:gnaxøh? Gtßn½yénkarsagpñÜs byseron edim,isgkunmþay«buk EdlmnusSExμrman CMenOs b;etaelirbhbut sasna KuNmþayman 12 KuN«Buk man 21 dmnak;kalti 1 byscasamenr edim,isgkunmþay dmnak;kalti 2 byscapikçú edim,isgkun«buk bys edim,ittylkargb;rm BIecAGFikarvtþ CaRKU)aGacarü xagpøúvelak nigxagpøúvfm mancmenhdwgtueta bmnin \riyabf BiesaFn_ cmenh echrs;enakñúgsgám BiesscMeNHviC aciv³ cmenhbec kets nigbiesafn_ kñúgcivpabrbcaméf mancmenhdwgepñksilfm KuNFm c,ab;nana TMenom TMlab;RbéBNIrbs;CatiExμr EdlmantaMgBIburaNkalmk karbyseronsm½yburan KWCakatBVkic ebimin)anbys eron ekehagamwg b ehakunpñgcugrsuk EdlsgÁm ekminrab; rk GñkenaHKμansiT iksagrkysar EtebI)anbYseronvij cg; ksagrkysar eblsikmk ekehafagnþit ³ mkbibakübnðit R)aCJa)aremIta CaRBHeBaFistVEbgPaK R)aCJa)aremIta CaRBHeBaFistV - 97 - R)aCJa)aremIta CaRBHeBaFistV

KWCaGñkecHdwgx<s; mansit isþidnþwgkunek EdlTMenomTMlab; buran eblp ab;bakürycehiy em-)axagrsi trmuv[kunrbus etaenabermirkysarkunrsi cab;biry³ebl 6 Ex etacag 1 qñam tametkarkmnt;rbs;em)a. cmnuctamggs;enhehiy KWCakareFVIetsþcg;dwgBIcMeNHdwg Edl)anbYseronenA Évtþ. Gtßn½yénkarcUlmøb;rbs;kUnRsI TTYldwgB b TTYlsÁal;fa kunxøünebjv½yehiy nigpsbvpsay[jatimitþdwgb edim,ibnþmrubsmöss[rss;føa edim,ittylkarennambimþay b bgb Ún[yl;dwgBI ekhkic TMenomTMlab;RbéBNI silfm rs;ena>>>>>> Gb;rMGtþcarit nigkunfm edim,i[ebjlkçn³ca sþiexμr CanarIRKb;lkçN_ CaPriyad¾l kñúgeblgnaktd¾xøi. bc úb,nñenh karbyseron minrtuv)anekgnuvtþcatuetaenahet BIeRBaHsBVéf mansalaeronrkb;ti kenøg srmab;gb;rmsilfm KuNFm samkáifm cmenhdwgxagpasa vic aciv³ bec kvitüatmenib cmenhdwg TUeTA>>>>>. cmenkérbébniculmøb; k¾ekminniymedr BIeRBaHkUnRsImansiT iesμinwgburs RtUveTAsalaeron edim,ittylnuvcmenhdwgrkb;epñk EfmTaMgman»kascUlrYm kñúgskmμpabepsg²rbs;sgámetotpg. karculmøb;nam[xatkmøamgblkmμ kñúgrkysarexμr karculmøb;nam[xatbg;eblevla xattamgkmøamgmnuss srmab;eftamral;éf karculmøb;nam[xatbg;fvikarkysar nigsgámcati. CnCatiExμreBjcitþnwgeFVIbuNüTanepSg²CaeRcIn kñúgbut sasna edayekyl;fa { Rkk¾RkcuH[Et man KWmanGriyRTBü }. UbBa ak;u ³ enakñúúgnikayhinyan manebkecjcabirvtþepsg²kña Fmμyutþi ³ manvin½yminkan;luykak; minbak;es,kecig mins<ay)art KWRbtibtþiFm duckña EtGan xuskña. FmμyutþisURtFm Gantam { sm sáwt }. ]TahrN_ ³ BuT M FmμM>>>>> GanBuT amg FmμaMg>>>>. mhanikay ³ manvin½yfurrsal KWkan;luykak; Bak;Es,keCIg s<ay)art enaeblrtg;)art. surtfm GantamPasa)alI. ]TahrN_ ³ BuT M FmμM>>>>>. BuT sasnamaneckecjcabirnikaykw nikayhinyanefrvat TkçiNnikay nignikaymhayan {GacriyvaT ]tþrnikay }. - 98 -

hinyan ³ CayantUcceg ót GacpÞúk stvelaketakan;ertiynibvanþ)antic BIeRBaHvin½y twgetghμt;ct;. nikayenh niymfm cas; KW ekarbrbtibtþitambuet avat EdlmanenAkñúgKm<Ir { értbidk } CaXøaMgpÞúknUvBuT vcn³rbs;rbhbut. RbeTs Edlniymkan;nikayhInyanman Exμr Lav Puma éf \NÐa sirilgáka>>>>>. mhayan ³ CayanmYyd¾FM GacpÞúk stvelak)anercin etakan;ekaledartwmetrbh ebafistv EdlGacCYyENnaM Gb;rMstVelak)an. nikaymhayan niymfm fμi manvin½yfurrsal ekarbrbtibtþitamlt igacriyvat ebalkwekarb RKUGacarüt²Kña BMuEmneKarBtamBueT avat ducnikayhinyaneliy. ebafistv EdlRtUveKarBmanRBHeBaFistV GvelaeksVr³ b elaeksvr³ bba úrsiucaedim>>>. ehtugvi)ancamnussrkb;rub RKb;v½y mansit ittylkargb;rm? mnussrkb;v½y RtUvmansiT ittylkargb;rmrkb;²kña mnussrkb;rbept RKb;vNÑ³ RKb;zan³ RKb;esvasgÁm RtUvcUlrYmcMENkkñúgkarGb;rMelIEpñkcMeNHdwg - 99 -