IGÉK, MELYEKET GERUND ÉS TO+INFINITIVE IS KÖVETHET

Átírás

1 IGÉK, MELYEKET GERUND ÉS TO+INFINITIVE IS KÖVETHET LÉNYEGES JELENTÉSBELI KÜLÖNBSÉG NÉLKÜL ATTEMPT to do sg. / doing sg. (megkísérel ni) pl. He attempted to run away. He attempted running away. BEGIN to do sg. / doing sg. (elkezd ni) pl. It began to rain. (Elkezdett esni az eső.) It began raining. CONTINUE to do sg. / doing sg. (folytat vmit) pl. She continued to learn. She continued learning. HATE to do sg. / doing sg. (utál ni) pl. I hate going to school. I hate to go to school. INTEND to do sg. / doing sg. (szándékszik ni) pl. He intended to write a letter. He intended writing a letter. LIKE to do sg. / doing sg. (szeret ni) Ha a to+ infinitive-et használjuk, a cselekvés folyamatára vonatkozik, ha az ing-es alakot, akkor a cselekvés egészére, eredményére. pl. I like to read. az olvasás folyamatát folyamatát szeretem (Szeretek olvasni.) I like reading. azt szeretem, hogy vmit megismerek az olvasás által (tkp. Szeretem az olvasást.) LOVE to do sg. / doing sg. (imád...ni) Ha a to+ infinitive-et használjuk, a cselekvés folyamatára vonatkozik, ha az ing-es alakot, akkor a cselekvés egészére, eredményére. pl. I love to eat. I love eating. (Imádok enni.) PLAN to do sg. / doing sg. (azt tervezi, hogy ) pl. He planned to go to Australia. He planned going to Australia. (Azt tervezte, hogy Ausztráliába utazik.) PREFER to do sg. / doing sg. (jobban szeret ni) pl. I prefer to go to the cinema. I prefer going to the cinema. START to do sg. / doing sg. (elkezd...ni) pl. We started to laugh. We started laughing. (Megkísérelt elfutni.) (Folytatta a tanulást.) (Utálok iskolába járni.) (Levelet szándékozott írni.) az evés folyamatát imádom magát az evést imádom (tkp. Imádom az evést.) (Azt tervezte, hogy Ausztráliába utazik.) (Jobban szeretek moziba járni.) (Elkezdtünk nevetni.)

2 LÉNYEGES JELENTÉSBELI KÜLÖNBSÉGGEL FORGET to do sg. (elfelejt vmit megcsinálni) pl. I forgot to post the letter. (Elfelejtettem feladni a levelet.) REMEMBER doing sg. (elfelejti, hogy már megcsinált vmit) pl. I forgot posting the letter. (Elfelejtettem, hogy (már)feladtam a levelet.) to do sg. (nem felejt el vmit megcsinálni) pl. I remembered to post the letter. (Emlékeztem, hogy feladjam a levelet. - azaz: Nem felejtettem el feladni a levelet.) to do sg. (sajnálja, hogy vmit meg kell tennie ) pl. I regret to leave London. (Sajnálom, hogy el kell mennem Londonból.) REGRET doing sg. (emlékszik, hogy megcsinált vmit) pl. I remembered posting the letter. (Emlékeztem, hogy feladtam a levelet.) doing sg. (sajnálja, hogy vmit megtett) pl. I regret leaving London. (Sajnálom, hogy elmentem Londonból.) to do sg. (megáll, hogy vmit csináljon) pl. We stopped to talk. (Megálltunk beszélgetni.) STOP doing sg. (abbahagy, befejez vmit) pl. We stopped talking. (Abbahagytuk a beszélgetést.) TRY to do sg. (kísérletet tesz vmilyen cselekedetre, ami valószínűleg nem fog sikerülni) pl. I tried to take an Aspirin but it fell from my mouth. (Megpróbáltam bevenni egy Aspirint, de kiesett a számból.) doing sg. (próbálkozik valamivel, kipróbál vmilyen módszert, amit addig még nem próbált) pl. I tried taking an Aspirin but I still felt bad. (Megpróbáltam, hogy beveszek egy Aspirint, de még mindig rosszul éreztem magam.) A fő különbség a két jelentés között: A to -val arra utalunk, hogy maga a cselekedet sikertelen. Az ing-es alak arra utal, hogy a cselekedet maga nem sikertelen, legfeljebb az általa kiváltott hatás lehet nem megfelelő.

3 ÉRZÉKELÉST KIFEJEZŐ IGÉK, MELYEKET GERUND VAGY SIMA (TO NÉLKÜLI) INFINITIVE KÖVET A kettő között van jelentésbeli különbség! Sima infinitive-vel: ha a cselekvés befejeződött voltát tapasztalta valaki A magyarban ilyenkor a cselekvést múlt időben mondjuk és/vagy (ha van) az igekötőt az ige előtt használjuk. pl. I heard someone come up the stairs. (Hallottam, hogy valaki feljött a lépcsőn.) I saw him get in the car. (Láttam, hogy beszállt az autóba.) Gerunddal: ha a cselekvés folyamatát tapasztalta valaki A magyarban ilyenkor jellemzően a cselekvést jelen időben mondjuk, valamint az igét igekötő nélül használjuk, é vagy az igekötőt az ige után tesszük. pl. I heard someone coming up the stairs. (Hallottam, hogy valaki jön fel(felé) a lépcsőn.) I saw him getting in the car. (Láttam, hogy száll be(felé) az autóba.) 1) Add the gerund or infinitive form of the verb in brackets. 1. We had to stay indoors all day as it wouldn t stop (rain). 2. A: Do you know how this coffee machine works? B: I ve no idea. Have you tried (press) the green button? 3. Don t forget (check) your essays before you hand them in reminded the teacher. 4. Jack has never regretted (move) to Brazil. 5. After visiting the museum we stopped (have) a quick snack. 6. We regret (inform) you that the hotel will be closed for renovation until April. 7. Virginia s never going to forget (swim) with sharks in Hawaii. It was such a thrill. In fact she s now trying (persuade) her husband to go too. 8. Don t forget (buy) some eggs. 9. I regret (inform) you that we cannot give you a refund. 10. I will never forget (meet) my husband for the first time. 11. Fred remembered (drink) a lot last night. 12. Don t forget (pay) the bill.

4 13. Please remember (post) the parcel, Tim. 14. I regret (be) late. 15. You must remember (go) to the meeting next Monday. 16. Do you remember (kiss) him last night? 17. You should regret (tell) a lie. 18. We regret (tell) you that this article is not available any longer. 19. When you are in London you should remember (visit) Madame Tussauds. 20. I can t remember (see) that film. 21. The clothes are still wet. I forgot (switch) on the tumbler. 22. It s been a long journey. Why don t we stop (grab) a bite to eat? 23. I don t regret (leave) my last job at all. 24. Please stop (laugh) and get on with your work. 25. He tried (push) the car to make it start, but he was not strong enough.(he couldn t push the car.) 26. He tried (push) the car to make it start, but there was some other problem. (He couldn t start it.) 27. Do you regret (have) a baby so early? 28. Mary has forgotten (take) his bag. 29. Did you remember (post) the letter? 30. He tried (take) a couple of aspirins, but they did not have any effect. 31. Will you please stop (make) noise? 32. Did you remember (watch) the match on TV last Wednesday? 33. My father still remembers (watch) Brave Hearth. 2) Transform the sentences by the example. e.g. You say that I ve met Janet, but I can t remember her. I can t remember meeting Janet. 1. Please remember that you must buy some stamps. Please remember.(buy) stamps. 2. We wanted to open the door, but we couldn t. We tried..(open) the door. 3. Sheila intended to phone Peter, but she forgot. Sheila forgot.(phone) Peter. 4. John met Madonna once. He ll never forget.(meet) Madonna. 5. Jenny had a headache. She took an aspirin for her headache. Jenny tried.(take) an aspirin for her headache. 6. It will not be easy to finish all the work today. We ll try.(finish) the work before tonight. 7. I stayed in Jane s flat while she was on holiday. I remembered that I had to feed her cats every day. I remembered.(feed) Janet s cat s every day. 8. Remember that you must invite Mary to the party next week. Don t forget.(invite) Mary to the party next week.

5 1) Making pizza or to make pizza? MIXED EXERCISES 1. I enjoy. 2. Yesterday Frank meant, but he didn't have time. 3. My father put off until later. 4. Do you really intend for breakfast?! 5. Please hurry up and finish! I'm hungry! 6. Sylvia expects tomorrow. 7. Please stop and talk to me! 8. Are you planning? 2) Use the GERUND or INFINITIVE forms of the verbs: I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames. He gave up (gamble). We are looking forward to (read) your new book. We don t want anybody (know) we are here. I don t enjoy (go) to the dentist. He was accused of (steal) the DVD player. I m sorry sir, I m late, but I promise (not / be) late again. He seems (have) plenty of money. Imagine (live) with someone who never stops (talk). Try to avoid (make) him angry. After she had decided (stay) in Turkey, she got used to (eat) Turkish food. After (read) this article, will you give up (smoke)? Try (forget) it; it s not worth (worry) about. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. I can hear the bell (ring), but nobody seems to be coming (open) the door. I can t help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught. Don t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. She tried (explain) but they refused (listen). We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) up and finally decided (set) out in the rain. He managed (pass) his exams.

6 I ll give it back when I finish (read) it. I remember (go) to the cinema with my girl friend when I was a teenager. There are people who can t help (laugh) when they see someone (slip) on a banana skin. They don t allow you (smoke) here. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the new machine? He warned his child (not / touch) the wire. Would you like (listen) to some music? Her doctor advised her (give up) (sit) up late at night. I enjoy (walk) in the rain. He seems (be) happy. Remember (post) the letters. Who is responsible for (tidy) the room? Instead of (study) Alice watched TV. Do you feel like (go) for a swim? I m interested in (play) tennis. Thank you for (help) me (carry) the goods. 3) Add the gerund or infinitive form of the verb in brackets. 1. He gave up (gamble). 2. He told me (try) (come) early. 3. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 4. We are looking forward to (read) your new book. 5. I don t enjoy (go) to the dentist. 6. A: Did you remember (give) him the money? 7. B: No, I didn t. I still have it in my pocket; but I ll (see) him tonight and I promise (not / forget) this time. 8. I saw the plane (crash) in to the hill and (burst) into flames. 9. We don t want anybody (know) we are here. 10. He was accused of (steal) the valuable vase. 11. I don t feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco instead?

7 12. Imagine (live) with someone who never stops (talk). 13. I hope the children won t go near the water. I warned them (not / go) near it. 14. Try to avoid (make) him angry. 15. Would you mind (write) your name and address on the back of the cheque? 16. After (read) this article, will you give up (smoke)? 17. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 18. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn t bear (see) my favorite actress in such a dreadful part. 19. Try (forget) it; it s not worth (worry) about. 20. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once. 21. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring). 22. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures. 23. Don t forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 24. I arranged (meet) them here. 25. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 26. I regret (inform) you that your application has been refused. 27. I can t help (sneeze); I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught. 28. We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain. 29. There are people who can t help (laugh) when they see someone (slip) on a banana skin. 30. After she had decided (stay) in Turkey, she got used to (eat) Turkish foods. 31. They seem (have) plenty of money. 32. I m sorry sir, I m late, but I promise (not / be) late again. 33. I think we d better (exchange) names and addresses. 34. She warned her child (not / touch) the wire. 35. Do you fancy (play) tennis this afternoon? 36. I enjoy (walk) in the rain. 37. I decided (go) on Saturday. 38. They managed (pass) their exams. 39. I m looking forward to (go) to London. 40. Do you feel like (go) for a swim? 41. Thank you for (help) me carry the goods. 42. The little boy s mother warned him (not / eat) so many apples. 43. She always puts off (do) the laundry. 44. Bob refused (talk) about his problems. 45. Who is responsible for (tidy) the room? 46. Henry is quite good at (make up) stories. 47. Can you touch your toes without (bend) your knees? 48. Jim can t stand (be) interrupted. 49. We went for a walk after we finished (clean) up the kitchen. 50. The baby started (talk) when she was about eighteen months old. 51. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the teacher if they don t want (answer) a question. 52. We re going out for dinner. Would you like (join) us? 53. Mrs. Allen promised (come) tomorrow. 54. My boss expects me (complete) this work as soon as possible.

8 55. He doesn t mind (be) alone. 56. The teacher seems (be) in a good mood today. 57. Maria can't stand (hear) a child cry. 58. Mary hates (listen) to classical music. 59. Rose suggested (go) to the McDonald s. 4) Fill in the text with the correct form of the verbs given in brackets. 1. Yuri was in his first year at university, studying History. He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid (work) whenever he could. In the middle of the semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks. Yuri intended (do) the assignment, but he postponed (write) it for a week. The following week, he forgot (do) it. The night before the assignment was due, he suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He tried (read) as much as possible on the topic, but there wasn't enough time. Yuri considered (ask) for more time to do his paper, but the History professor was known to be very tough on students, so finally he decided (cheat) and copy his paper from somewhere else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed it out. The next day, he submitted the paper. The following week, he was alarmed (see) the professor approaching him, looking angry. "Is this your own work, or did you copy it?" asked the professor. Yuri denied (copy) the paper. "If you expect me (believe) that, you must be very stupid," said the professor. "Every word is taken from an article I wrote myself five years ago. Did you really think I would forget (write) it?" 2. Tomorrow we have decided (go) to Rome and then we're planning (visit) Venice for a few days. After that we've arranged (stay) in France for a few weeks, but I hope (get) back before the end of the month. Though I promised (keep) (write), I don't know if I will be able (do) it until we get to Paris and they let me (have) my own room. My parents make me (finish) my homework before (go) to bed, so I don't have much time (write) either. I've tried (hide) myself in museum cloakrooms (guardarropías), but I am not used to (write) in such bad conditions, that is why my writing looks so bad, I'm sorry. Now we are in Berlin. It seems (be) a lively and interesting city. We are sitting in a restaurant and we have asked the waiter (bring) the menu, though I'm thinking about (ask) for a cup of tea only because I'm so sad, I miss (be) with you so much. I hope (be) strong enough (resist) tomorrow's excursion. We will probably start (drive) towards old eastern Germany early in the morning, since they say there are a couple of extraordinary things (see) somewhere called Leipzig.

9 5) Choose the correct answer. 1. I miss in London. live living to live 2. I enjoyed them again. see seeing to see 3. He avoided them do it because he wanted to get home early. help helping to help 4. I promised it by Friday. do doing to do 5. She's expected the job. get getting to get 6. Would you like? come coming to come 7. They don't tolerate any about their decisions. argue arguing to argue 8. She taught me it. do doing to do 9. I don't feel like it. do doing to do 10. Do you mind it with you? take taking to take 6) Choose the gerund or the infinitive, then answer the questions. 1. What do you like to do / doing in your free time? 2. Do you need / needing to buy new clothes? 3. Are you planning going / to go anywhere this summer? 4. What do you prefer doing / to do when you are home alone? 5. Have you ever decided to do / doing something forbidden? 6. Do you mind to speak / speaking in public? 7. Have you ever promised doing / to do something that you didn t do in the end? 8. Do you let people helping / help you when you don t know what to do? 9. Would you like to speak / speaking Chinese? 10. Can you imagine to live / living on another planet? 11. Do you hope to meet / meeting a celebrity? 12. Do you remember being / to be a child? 13. Do you avoid being / to be in dangerous situations? 14. Do you look forward to spend / to spending time with your friends next weekend? 15. Do you dare going / go alone in the streets at night? 16. Do you want to stop / stopping studying English? 7) Circle the right option. 1. Would you like come/ to come/ coming around next Saturday? 2. We have to stop getting/ to get/ get some petrol. 3. I regret inform/ informing/ to inform you that the company hasn t accepted your application. 4. My sister is brilliant at knitting/ knit/ to knit. 5. The burglar admitted to break/ breaking/ break in the Browns in September. 6. Before to leave/ leave/ leaving home, don t forget kissing/ kiss/ to kiss mum- it s her birthday!

10 7. Let s meeting/ meet/ to meet on Saturday evening for dinner! 8. To revise/ Revise/ Revising for exam is a good idea, Tom. You d better listen/ listening/ to listen to me next time! 10. While to live/ live/ living in London, we could improving/ improve/ to improve our English. 11. There s no point in argue/ to argue/arguing with Paul. He s always right! 12. Carol didn t accept go/ to go/ going out with his classmate. 13. He finally published his first novel after working/ to work/ work on it for years. 14. It was clear to everybody that the government had no plan tackling/ tackle/ to tackle inflation. 15. I m pretty sure our neighbours keep playing/ playing/ to play music that loud just to disturb us. 16. How about text/ texting/ to text Meg now? 17. I d like trying/ try/ to try hand-gliding. 18. Sarah is better at swim/ swimming/ to swimming than his brother. 19. It s worth to do/ do/ doing some exercise every day. 20. I m used to do/ to doing/ doing the shopping on Friday. 21. Pam thanked me for help/ to help/ helping her with the party. 22. Would you rather to have/ having/ have water or wine? 23. The windows need clean/ to clean/ cleaning. You can t see through them. 24. Patrick promised to be/ being/ be back before midnight. 25. My boyfriend persuaded me studying/ to study/ study Medicine. 8) Translate the following sentences using the infinitive or the gerund. 1. Sam megpróbált elfutni, de a kutya gyorsabb volt. 2. Azt terveztük, hogy elutazunk Londonba. 3. Amikor Charlie belépett, mindenki elkezdett nevetni. 4. Elfelejtettem kenyeret venni, ezért megint el kellett mennem a boltba. 5. Ne felejts el levelet írni a nagymamádnak! 6. Rose emlékezett, hogy adott Stevenek tízezer forintot. 7. Sajnálom, hogy elmentem abba a buliba. 8. Sajnálom, hogy el kell hagyjalak. 9. Hagyd abba a hangos nevetgélést! 10. Hazafelé menet megálltunk, hogy vegyünk egy kis ásványvizet. 11. Láttam, hogy Bob ül a buszon, és integet. 12. Hallottuk, hogy valahol becsapódott egy ajtó. 13. Örülni fogsz, ha újra látod? 14. Sikerült hazáig mennem a kocsival, bár az úton kétszer lerobbant. 15. Nem emlékszem, hogy ezt mondtam. 16. Az a bőrönd túl nehéz ahhoz, hogy te cipeld. Hadd segítsek! 17. A kávé nem volt elég ahhoz, hogy ébren tartson egész éjjel. 18. Nem tudod véletlenül, hogy hol lakik? 19. Arra számítok, hogy négy napig maradnak. 20. Nem kellett volna azt mondanod neki, hogy maradjon otthon. 21. George azt javasolta, hogy menjünk kirándulni. 22. Elmagyaráznád nekem, hogy hogyan kell innen felhívni Londont? (make a phone call) 23. A kosárban hagytam a kivasalandó holmikat. 24. Nem várhatunk arra, hogy dönts végre. 25. Hát te mit csinálsz itt? A leckédet kellene írnod. 26. Történetesen jól ismerem a barátodat, együtt jártunk egyetemre.

11 27. Úgy tűnik, fogytál egy kicsit. 28. Van kedved teniszezni délután? 29. Miután megreggelizett, Helen úgy döntött, hogy elmegy futni. 30. Sajnálom, hogy megbántottalak. 31. A bohócot látván, a gyerekek nem tudták visszafojtani a nevetést. 32. Peter nem volt hajlandó Skóciába utazni a húgával. 33. Nem bánod, ha leülök melléd? 34. Tom elment, anélkül, hogy köszönt volna. 35. A barátaim ragaszkodtak hozzá, hogy kifizessék a számlámat. 36. És most mit vársz tőlem, mit csináljak? 37. Az orvosom azt mondta, hogy hagyjam abba a dohányzást.

12 KEY: 1) 1. raining 2. pressing 3. to check 4. moving 5. to have 6. to inform 7. swimming, to persuade 8. to buy 9. to inform 10. meeting 11. drinking 12. to pay 13. to post 14. being 15. to go 16. kissing 17. telling 18. to tell 19. to visit 20. seeing 21. to switch 22. to grab 23. leaving 24. laughing 25. to push 26. pushing 27. having 28. to take 29. to post 30. taking 31. making 32. to watch 33. watching 2) 1. to buy 2. to open 3. to phone 4. meeting 5. taking 6. to finish 7. to feed 8. to invite MIXED EXERCISES 1) 1. making pizza 2. making pizza 3. to make pizza 4. making pizza 5. to make pizza 6. making pizza 7. to make pizza 2) He gave up gambling We are looking forward to reading your new book. I don t enjoy going to the dentist. I saw the plane crash into the hill and burst into flames. We don t want anybody to know we are here. He was accused of stealing the DVD player. I m sorry sir, I m late, but I promise not to be late again. Imagine living with someone who never stops talking. He seems to have plenty of money. Try to avoid making him angry. After she had decided to stay in Turkey, she got used to eating Turkish food. After reading this article, will you give up smoking? Try to forget it; it s not worth worrying about. He hates answering the phone, and very often just lets it ring. Don t forget to lock the door before going to bed. She tried to explain but they refused to listen.

13 I regret to inform you that your application has been refused. I can hear the bell ringing, but nobody seems to be coming to openthe door. I can t help sneezing; I caught a cold yesterday from sitting in a draught. We got tired of waiting for the weather to clear up and finally decided to set out in the rain. He managed to pass his exams. I ll give it back when I finish reading it. There are people who can t help laughing when they see someone slip on a banana skin. They don t allow you to smoke here. I remember going to the cinema with my girl friend when I was a teenager. Would you mind showing me how to work the new machine? He warned his child Not to touch the wire. I enjoy walking in the rain. Would you like to listen to some music? Who is responsible for tidying the room? Her doctor advised her to give up sitting up late at night. Instead of studying Alice watched TV. Do you feel like going for a swim? He seems to be happy. I m interested in playing tennis. Thank you for helping me carry the goods. Remember to post the letters. 3) 1. gambling 2. try to come 3. to ask to tell to get 4. reading 5. going 6. to give 7. see not to forget 8. crash - burst 9. to know 10. stealing 11. working - going 12. living - talking 13. not to go 14. making 15. writing 16. reading - smoking 17. holding 18. going - seeing 19. to forget - worrying 20. to start looking / to look 21. answering / to answer - ring 22. to learn reading - listening 23. to lock - going 24. to meet 25. to explain to listen 26. to infiorm 27. sneezing - sitting 28. waiting to clear to set 29. laughing - slip 30. to stay - eating 31. to have 32. not to be 33. exchange 34. not to touch 35. playing 36. walking 37. to go

14 38. to pass 39. going 40. going 41. helping 42. not to eat 43. doing 44. to talk 45. tidying 46. making up 47. bending 48. being 49. cleaning 50. talking / to talk 51. looking to answer 52. to join 53. to come 54. to complete 55. being 56. to be 57. hearing 58. listening / to listen 59. going 4) 1. Yuri was in his first year at university, studying History. He was rather a lazy student, and he tended to avoid working whenever he could. In the middle of the semester, his history professor gave out an assignment, due in two weeks. Yuri intended to do the assignment, but he postponed writing it for a week. The following week, he forgot to do it. The night before the assignment was due, he suddenly remembered it, and rushed to the library. He tried to read as much as possible on the topic, but there wasn't enough time. Yuri considered asking for more time to do his paper, but the History professor was known to be very tough on students, so finally he decided to cheat and copy his paper from somewhere else. He found an old article on the same topic, and quickly typed it out. The next day, he submitted the paper. The following week, he was alarmed to see the professor approaching him, looking angry. "Is this your own work, or did you copy it?" asked the professor. Yuri denied having copied the paper. "If you expect me to believe that, you must be very stupid," said the professor. "Every word is taken from an article I wrote myself five years ago. Did you really think I would forget writing it?" 2. Tomorrow we have decided to go to Rome and then we're planning to visit Venice for a few days. After that we've arranged to stay in France for a few weeks, but I hope to get back before the end of the month. Though I promised to keep writing, I don't know if I will be able to do it until we get to Paris and they let me have my own room. My parents make me finish my homework before going to bed, so I don't have much time to write either. I've tried to hide myself in museum cloakrooms (guardarropías), but I am not used to writing in such bad conditions, that is why my writing looks so bad, I'm sorry. Now we are in Berlin. It seems to be a lively and interesting city. We are sitting in a restaurant and we have asked the waiter to bring the menu, though I'm thinking about asking for a cup of tea only because I'm so sad, I miss being with you so much. I hope to be strong enough to resist tomorrow's excursion. We will probably start driving / to drive towards old eastern Germany early in the morning, since they say there are a couple of extraordinary things to see somewhere called Leipzig. 5) 1. living 2. seeing 3. helping 4. to do 5. to get 6. to come 7. arguing 8. to do 9. doing 10. taking 6) 1. doing 2. need 3. to go 4. doing 5. to do 6. speaking 7. to do 8. help 9. to speak 10. living 11. to meet 12. being 13. being 14. to spending 15. go 16. to stop 7) 1. to come 2. to get 3. to inform 4. knitting 5. breaking 6. leaving to kiss 7. meet 8. Revising listen 10. living improve 11. arguing 12. going 13. working 14. to tackle 15. playing 16. texting 17. to try 18. swimming 19. doing 20. to doing 21. helping 22. have 23. cleaning. 24. to be 25. to study 8) 1. Sam tried to run away but the dog was faster. 2. We planned to travel to London. 3. When Charlie entered everybody started (/began) to laugh (/laughing).

15 4. I forgot to buy bread so I had to go to the shop again. 5. Don t forget to write a letter to your grandmother. 6. Rose remembered giving Steve 10 thousand forints. 7. I regret going to that party. 8. I regret to leave you. 9. Stop laughing loudly. 10. On our way home we stopped to buy some mineral water. 11. I saw Bob sitting on the bus waving. 12. We heard a door slam somewhere. 13. Will you be glad to see him (/her) again? 14. I managed to get home by car though it broke down twice during the journey. 15. I don t remember saying that. 16. That suitcase is too heavy for you to carry. Let me help you. 17. The coffee wasn t enough to keep me awake all night. 18. Don t you happen to know where he (/she) lives? 19. I expect to stay for four days. 20. You shouldn t have told him (/her) to stay at home. 21. George suggested going on a trip. 22. Could you explain me how to make a phone call to London from here? 23. I left the things to iron in the basket (/hamper) 24. We can t wait for you to decide. 25. What are you doing here? You should be writing your lesson. 26. I happen to know your friend well. We attended university together. 27. You seem to have lost some weight. 28. Do you feel like (/ Do you fancy) playing tennis in the afternoon? 29. After having breakfast, Helen decided to go running. 30. I regret hurting you. 31. Seeing the clown, the children couldn t help laughing. 32. Peter refused to travel to Scotland with his sister. 33. Do you mind my sitting next to you? 34. Tom left without saying good-bye. 35. My friends insisted on paying for my bill. 36. And now, what are you expecting from me to do? 37. My doctor told me to give up (/stop) smoking.