= smasnam = kark³nam

Átírás

1 naménpasagg; ;ekø øs NOUN OF ENGLISH smnyr = Noun KWCaGVI? EckecjCab:unµanEpñk? manepñkgvixøh? cemøiy = Noun ERbfa : nam : )andl;baküedlcaeqµahrbs;mnuss stv TIkEnøg KuNsm,tþi b KuNRbeyaCn_epSg².l. ekebgecknam Nuoun kñúggg;ekøsca8epñkfm²kw³ 1-Common Noun = safarnnam 2-Proper Noun = GsaFarNnam 3-Collective Noun = smuhnam 4-Material Noun = vtßúnam 5-Abstract Noun = GrUbnam 6-Equivalent Noun = smmulünam namsmmul 7-Compound Noun 8-Agent Noun = smasnam = kark³nam 1-saFarNnam COMMON NOUN Common Noun ERbfa : safarnnam : )andl;eqµahrbs;mnuss stv vtßú nig TIkEnøg³ The man works in the office. bursmñak;enahefvikarenakñúgkariyal½y The tiger is in the forest. stvxøaenakñúgérb The water-jar is full of clean water. BagTwkeBjeTAedayTwks at There is a new house in that district. manpþhfµimyyxñgenakñúgrsukenah 17

2 Baküfa man, office, tiger, forest, water-jar, water, house nig district Ca common noun TaMgGs; Edlmann½yfa burs kariyal½y stvxøa érb BagTwk Twk pþh nigrsuk EdleK niyaycatueta ehiyedlmanenarkb;rbets elibipbelakduc²kñatamggs;. ]TahrN_³ enaé RbeTséf b RbeTsevotNamk¾man³ burs kariyal½y b stvxøa.l. 2-GsaFarNnam PROPER NOUN Proper Noun ERbfa : GsaFarNnam : )andl;namtamglayedlcaeqµahrbs;mnuss stv vtßú nigtikenøg. Gacniyay)anfa Proper Noun CaeQµaHEdleK)ankMNt;eGay Common Noun k¾)anedr. sumkmuepøcfa Proper Noun eblsresrvartuvepþimedaytygksrfm capital letter enabimuxnamenahcanic minfa Proper Noun enah dak;enaedim knþalb xagcugrbeyakk¾eday. sumcun]tahrn_ducteta³ Sam Onn lives in Otdar Meanchey, but works in Svay Rieng. smgunrs;enaéextþ]tþrmanc½y b:uenþefvikarenaextþsvayerog Banteay Meanchey is the twenty-fourth province of Cambodia. extþbnþaymanc½ycaextþti24énrbetskm<úca Bangkok is a capital of Thailand. )agkkcatirkugrbs;rbetséf Seila program is known as the program of the Royal Government of Cambodia. kmµvifisila)anrtuveksáal;facakmµvifirbs;racrdæapi)alkm< úca Romeas Haek is farther than Romduol district. RsukrmasEhkq aycagrsukrmdyl Baküfa Sam Onn, Otdar Meanchey, Svay Rieng, Banteay Meanchey, Cambodia, Bangkok, Thailand, Seila program, Romeas Haek nig Romduol CaGsaFarNnam proper noun ehiyty GkSrenAxagedIménBakünImYy²RtUvepþImedayGkSrFMCanic 3-smU Uhnam COLLECTIVE NOUN Collective Noun ERbfa : smuhnam : )andl;namtamglayedlcaeqµahrbs;rkum BYk kg TIm hvúg KMnr )ac;.l. tamfmµtaeketgeterbismuhnam collective noun rymkñacamyysafa 18

3 rnnam common noun Canic edaymangaytni)at Of erbicamyypg edim,ibba ak;n½ycarkumegay kan;etc,as;las;benßmetot. sumemil]tahrn_³ Collective Noun + Of + Common Noun ERbCaPasaExµr A flock of sheep = ecommyyhvúg A bunch of flowers = páamyy)ac; A herd of cattle = ekamyyhvúg cattle Ca plural rbs; cow A heap of stones = fµmyykmnr A gang of thieves = ecarmyyrkum A flock of chicken = man;myyhvúg A cluster of stars = páaymyyhvúg A crowd of people = mnussmyyhvúg A group of students = sissmyyrkum A tribe of citizen = kulsm<½n myyrkum citizen ERbfaRkumRbCaCn müa:getot smuhnam collective noun erkabicabaküpsmedlman Of erbicamyyehiyenah eblxøhsmuhnamenh GacCaBaküEtmYyma:t; b EtmYyBakük¾manEdr b:uenþrkan;etfa vamann½ycarkum Etb:ueNÑaHdUc³ family = RKYsar army = kgt½becigekak team = Rkum TIm class = siss nissit jury = KN³vinicä½y party = bksbyk KN³bkS fleet = kgnava government = rdæapi)al mob = RkummnusS regiment = kgvr³esnafm committee = KN³kmµaFikar cabinet = KN³rdæmRnþI swarm = hvúgstvl it crew = Rkumyanik 19

4 smnyr = Collective Noun RbsinebIvaCaRbFan subject rbs;rbeyak kiriyas½bþekal finite verb rbs;vartuverbitamebbrbfancaékvcn³ singular b k¾bhuvcn³ plural? cemøiy = kiriyas½bþekal finite verb rbs; Collective Noun nwgerbitamebbrbfancaékvcn³b Ca Bhuvcn³enaH KWvaGaRs½yeTAelIn½yEdlGñkniyaycg;eRbIEtb:ueNÑaH. sumemil]tahrn_³ ebi Collective Noun EdleKniyayenaH smedadl; Rkum b BYk minsmedadl;fatu b smaspabmñak;²edlsßitenakñúgrkum b BYkeTenaH kiriyas½bþkwrtuverbitamebbrbfanca Ékvcn³ singular verb. pþúyetavijebi Collective Noun EdleKniyayenaH smedadl;fatu b smaspabrbs;mnuss b stvnimyy²minsmedaelirkumetenah kiriyas½bþkwrtuverbitamebbrbfancabhuvcn³ plural verb. A flock of sheep is worth 5 million riels. ecommyyhvúg mantmél5lanerol erbikiriyas½bþcarubékvcn³kw is erbahgñkniyaycg;smedaeliecommyyhvúg minemneliecom nimyy²et A flock of sheep are standing under the tree. ecommyyhvúg kmbugqrenaerkamedimeqi erbikiriyas½bþcarubbhuvcn³kw are erbahgñkniyaycg;smedaeliecomnimyyy²kñúghvúgedlkmbug namkñaqr minemnhvúgcagñkqret The government is trying a new measure. rdæapi)alkmbugsakl,gerbivifankarfµi erbikiriyas½bþcarubékvcn³kw is erbahekniyaycg;smedaelisßab½nrdæapi)al CaCagniyay GMBImnusSmñak;²EdlsßitenAkñúgCYrrdæaPi)al The government have discussed the flood issue in Phnom Penh for three hours. rdæapi)al)anbipaksaerogtwkcmnn;kñ úgtirkugpñmebjgs;ry³ebl3ema:g ekerbikiriyas½bþcarubbhuvcn³kw have erbahgñkniyaycg;smedaelismacikmñak;²enakñ úgcyr rdæapi)al EdlCaGñkcUlrYmeFVIkarBiPakSa minemnsmedaelisßab½nrdæapi)aleliy 20

5 4-vtþ þú únam : : MATERIAL NOUN Material Noun ERbfa vtßúnam )andl;namtamglay EdlCavtßúdUc³ Er: elah³ rbs;rwg rbs;tn; rbs;rav.l. mannammyycmnyn GacR)ab;cMnYn)anedayeRbItYrelx number cmenké nammyycmnynetot GacbgðajR)ab;)anfa tic b k¾ercin edaybriman quantity Edl eketgehafa Mass Noun BIeRBaHfavasßitenACadMu ehiynamtamgenh minmanni)at article b KuNnammüa:geRbIBI muxvaeliyduc³ sugar = sárs bread = nmb½ug cream = RKIm ERkm flour = ems:a smrab;efvinm.l. rice = RsUv Ggár )ay gold = mas coal = FüÚgfµ soil = di wood = eqi cloth = RkNat; leather = Es,kstV copper = s<an; ink = TwkexµA air = Gakas xül;gakas water = Twk oil = erbg mud = Pk; smoke = EpSg fuel = erbg\n n³ cheese = RhVÚma:s; Rbhuk)araMg soap = sab U furniture = erkogsgðarwm meat = sac; Copper is less valuable than gold. s<an;mantmélefakcagmas Mud is soil mixed with water. Pk;KWCadIpSMCamYyTwk Living things can not remain without air. vtßúmancivittamglaymingacrs;ena)anedaykµanxül;gakaseliy copper, gold, mud, soil, water nig air Ca material noun smnyr = Material Noun ebleyigrtuvkarcg;dwggmbicmnyn b briman number or quantity etiefvi ya:gna? 21

6 cemøiy = Material Noun FmµtavaCanamEdleyIgminGacrab;cMnYn)an edaymanrubragcaékvcn³ Etmüa:gKt; vamingacetacabhuvcn³)aneliy. ehtuenh ebigñkniyay manbmngcg;dwgbicmnynb brimanrbs;vaenah KWeyIgRtUvyk Common Noun mkerbicamyy edaymangaytni)at Of dak;bi mux Material Noun enahpgduc³ Common Noun + Of + Material Noun ERbCaPasaExµr A glass of milk = TwkedaHeKamYyEkv Two glasses of water = TwkBIrEkv Five pieces of chalk = disr)amedim A cup of tea = TwkEtmYyEBg Three cups of tea = TwkEtbIEBg One kilogram of sugar = sársmyykilúrkam Six kilograms of meat = sac;r)ammyykilúrkam Ten bags of sand = dixsac;db;karu:g A bottle of whisky = RsavIsIÁmYydb Material Noun tamebbdmbug Edl)anGFib,ayxagelIbg s; ebleyigcg;ykvaefvicarbfan énrbeyak cam)ac;rtuverbikiriyas½bþcaékvcn³canic. ebieyigcg;erbikiriyas½bþcabhuvcn³vijenah k¾ sumgnuvtþetatamrebobedlrtuverbi Common Noun rymcamyy. müa:gvijetot ebi Common Noun manrubragcaékvcn³ sumerbikiriyas½bþtamebbékvcn³ ehiyebi Common Noun CaBhuvcn³ k¾sum erbikiriyas½bþtamebbbhuvcn³etatamspabcak;esþgduc³ A piece of chalk is on the table. dismyyedimenaelitu material noun CaÉkvcn³ etibeyigerbi is Four kilograms of meat are worth twenty-eight thousand riels. sac;bynkilúrkaméføbirmwunr)ambiban;erol material noun CaBhuvcn³ etibeyigerbi are 22

7 erkabienh Material Noun ebirtuvkarniyaygmbibriman ticb ercin Edlminniyaydl;cMnYn etenah sumerbibakümyycmnynducca Little, A little, Much, A lot of, Plenty of, A great deal of.l. mkdak;enabimuxduc³ Chakriya has a little salt in the kitchen. Penh LeaK and Ratha have much ink in the inkpot. Boreth drank much whisky yesterday. Bora bought a lot of meat from the market. Chinda has left plenty of coffee in her glass. My friends have much water sugar. Mrs Channy wants to buy a lot of rice for her family this year. There is plenty of milk in the plate. Samnang has a great deal of fish in his refrigerator. cmnam³ karerbitamrebobxageli sumkmunamykbakü Many, Several, Few, A few, A large number of, A great number of mkdak;bimux Material Noun egayesah. 5-GrU Ubnam ABSTRACT NOUN Abstract Noun ERbfa : GrUbnam : )andl;namtamglaynaedlminmanrub emilmin exij nigmingaccab;)an. tambiteta GrUbnam CasPav³ spablkçn³ b CaGMeBIrbs;mnusSstV b vtßúepsg²duc³ Death comes to all men. esckþisøab;remgetgetekitmandl;mnussrkb;rub It gives me much pleasure to see you here. vaefviegay rikraycaxøamgedl)ancybelakenatienh I have no choice for this. KµanpøÚveRCIserIseTcMeBaHbBaðaenH Prevention is better than cure. karkarbarrbesircagkarbüa)al Beauty is wanted by every one. srms;caesckþirtuvkarrbs;mnussrkb;rub Honesty is the best policy for all. PaBesµaHRtg;CaeKalneya)ayd¾l bmputsmrab;mnussrkb;rub Baküfa death, pleasure, choice, prevention, cure, beauty nig honesty Ca abstract noun 23

8 cmnam³ GrUbnam ekminerbi Article nammuxvaet elikelgetkúñgkrniedleyig namvamkerbica karcg úlbgðajdl;bukálnamyy etibeyigerbi The EdlCa Article nammux Abstract Noun enah)anduc³ The death of Bora calls for justice. karsøab;rbs;bura:tamtarrkyutþifm s The struggle of Boreth s father is admired. karts Urbs;«BukbUer:tCaerOgEdleKRKb;KñaekatsresIr eyigrtuverbi The nammux death nig struggle erbahfava)anbgðajgmbikarsøab;rbs;bura: ehiy nigkarts Urbs;«BukbUer:t Edlmin)ansMedAn½yeTAelImnusSCaTUeTAeLIy smnyr = Abstract Noun manrubmkbirbpb b EpñkNaxøH? cemøiy = Abstract Noun manrubmkbikiriyas½bþ verb xøh mkbikunnam adjective xøh nigmanrub mkbinam noun xøh. sumemil]tahrn_³ 1 - Abstract Noun manrubmkbikiriyas½bþ Verb ³ kiriyas½bþ BaküERb GrUbnam BaküERb act = efvi acting = karefvi live = rs;ena life = CIvit know = dwg ech knowledge = karechdwg cmenhdwg please = ykcitþ bmebjcitþ pleasure = esckþiebjcitþ karrikray speak = niyay speech = karniyay kareføg sunþrkfa succeed = smerc)an success = karsmerc)an ecakc½y decide = smerccitþ decision = karsmerccitþ organize = erobcmbegáit cat;ecg organization = karerobcmbegáit karcat;ecg drink = pwk Bisar drink = epsc ³ 2 - Abstract Noun manrubmkbikunnam Adjective ³ KuNnam BaküERb GrUbnam BaküERb true = Bit truth = karbit 24

9 wise = qøat wisdom = karqøat bbaøa ]tþmkti high = x<s; height = kmbs; poor = Rk poverty = PaBRkIRk happy = sb,ay happiness = supmgál esckþisux strong = xøamg strength = kmøamg kmøamgxøamg PaBxøaMg honest = esµahrtg; honesty = PaBesµaHRtg; brave = køahan braveness = PaBkøahan dead = søab; death = karsøab; 3 - Abstract Noun manrubmkbinam Noun ³ nam BaküERb GrUbnam BaküERb child = ekµg kumar childhood = kumarpab v½ykumar slave = Taskr slavery = TasPaB friend = mitþ smøaj; friendship = mitþpab monk = elaksgç monkhood = PaBCaRBHsgÇ cmnam³ erkabienh eqµahsil,³epsg²ducca³ Pasa turütrnþi kilacaedim k¾cat;ca Abstract Noun pgedrduc³ chemistry = KImIviTüa music = epøg turütrnþi grammar = evyüakrn_ English = PasaGg;eKøs science = vitüasarsþ geology = FrNIviTüa economics = esdæsarsþ politics = neya)ay football = kit,a)al;tat; volleyball = kila)al;th mathematics = KNitsaRsþ art = sil,³ elçan 25

10 6-smmU Ulünam namsmmu Ul EQUIVALENT NOUN Equivalent Noun (Noun-equivalent) ERbfa : smmulünamb namsmmulb k¾namrbhak; RbEhl : )andl;bakü b RkumBakümYycMnYn EdlemIlrUbPaBeTAeXIjfa vaminemncanamet b:uenþva GacykmkeRbICanamFmµta)anEdr. Equivalent Noun kñúgpasagg;ekøsman5ya:gducteta³ 1 -Infinitive EdlsMedAdl;kiriyas½BÞman To enabimux ]TahrN_³ To go, To walk, To sleep, To come CaedIm GaceRbICanamEbb Equivalent Noun )anedrduc³ To sleep is necessary for health. karttyltandmenkcakarcam)ac;smrab;suxpab He wants to walk every morning. Kat;RtUv kar edirral;²rbwk tameyigemilrubragrbs; to sleep nig to walk KWsuT EtCakiriyas½BÞTaMgGs; b:uenþekgacyk mkerbiefvicanam equivalent noun. BaküdMbUg to sleep CaRbFan object énrbeyak rié BakübnÞab; to walk CakmµbT object rbs;kiriyas½bþ wants 2 -Gerund EdlsMedAdl;kiriyas½BÞEfm ing enabimux ]TahrN_³ Running, Walking, Sleeping, Eating, Reading CaedIm EdlGaceRbICanamEbb Equivalent Noun )anduc³ Sleeping at midday is necessary for a baby. karedkenaebléf CakarcaM)ac;sMrab;Tark Chakriya likes reading after dinner. criyaculcitþganesovepaerkayebl)ayl ac sleeping nammkerbiefvinaticarbfanrbs;rbeyak rié reading kiriyas½bþ likes KWeKeRbIeFVICakmµbTrbs; 3 -Adjective EdlCaKuNnamR)ab;BIlkçN³dUcCa³ l Good, køahan Brave, man Rich, b Rk Poor CaedIm GacnaMmkeRbIeFVICanamEbb Equivalent Noun )an bu:enþrtuvman The RKb;eBl ehiyn½yrbs;vacabhuvcn³canic duc³ The good should be praised. mnussl KYr)anTTYlkarekatsresIr mnussl ercinkña The rich must help the poor. GñkmanRtUvEtCYydl;GñkRkxSt; GñkmaneRcInKña-GñkRkeRcInKña 26

11 ebibinitüeta eyigexijfa good, rich, poor CaKuNnamTaMgGs; bu:enþvagacykmkerbicanam Ebb equivalent noun )an eday the good efvinaticarbfankñúgrbeyakti1 ehiy the rich efvicarbfankñúgrbeyakti2 nig the poor CakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞ help kñúgrbeyakti2 4 -Phrase XøaEdlmanBaküBIrbIma:t; GacnaMmkeRbICanamEbb Equivalent Noun )an³ Where to go is not known yet. kenøgedlrtuveta mintan;mannrnadwgenaeliyet I do not know what to say. mindwgfa nwgniyaygmbigviet where to go CaXøa )anrtuvykmkerbicanamebb equivalent noun kñúgnaticarbfanrbs; RbeyaK. rié what to say k¾)anrtuverbicanamebb equivalent noun pgedrkñ úgnaticakmµbt rbs;kiriyas½bþ know 5 -Clause GnuRbeyaK k¾gacnammkerbicanamebb Equivalent Noun )anpgedrduc³ What he is doing now is difficult for us to know. GVIEdlKat;kMBugeFVInaeBlenH vabi)aksmrab;eyigdwg)annas; No one can understand why she cried. KµanGñkNadwg)aneTfa ehtugiv)ancanagym what he is doing now CaGnuRbeyaK noun clause )anrtuvykmkerbicanamebb equivalent noun kñúgnaticarbfanrbs;rbeyak. rié why she cried CaGnuRbeyaK ehiyk¾)anrtuverbi CanamEbb equivalent noun pgedr kñúgnaticakmµbtrbs;kiriyas½bþ understand 7-smasnam COMPOUND NOUN Compound Noun ERbfa : smasnam : )andl;nampsmkña ebalkwkaryknam2mksresr culkñaegayetacabaküetmyy b k¾sresrdac;bikñaedaymanshsbaøa Hyphen - b k¾eblxøhgac sresrdac;bikñaedaymincam)ac;manshsbaøak¾)anedr. nampsmtamrebobenh PasaGg;eKøseKehAfa Compound Noun. smasnamgacmanrbpbecjmkbikenøgepsg²ducteta³ 1 -edaynamyknam2ty mksresrp ab;kñaegayetacabaküetmyy EdlGackøayCasmas nam)anduc³ life + boat = lifeboat navasergáah moon + light = moonlight rsµirbhc½nþ 27

12 cow + boy door + man = cowboy GñkXValeKa mail + box = mailbox RbGb;sMbuRt = doorman GñkyamTVar country + man = countryman GñkCnbT 2 -edaynamykkiriyas½bþedlman ing Verb + ing xøh nignam Noun xøh mkp ab; CamYy namepsgmyyetot edayerbishsbaøa - bnþab;mkgackøaycasmasnam)an³ court-martial = salrkmeyafa swimming-pool = RsHEhlTwk living-room = bnþb;ttylepjóv hand-organ = hibepøg Gak;keLGug looking-mirror = kba k;qøúh school-boy = sissrbus school-girl = sissrsi 3 -edaynamyknam Noun myy etadak;bimuxnammyyetot. rebobenh ekehanamedlena xagmuxfa namrbkb b namebbkunnam Adjective. cmenknamedlenaxagerkayekehafanam ekal. kalnanamtamgbirenh )anrtuvykmkerbirymkñavagackøayetacasmasnam)an. karpsmtam rebobenh min)ac;manshsbaøa - etduc³ royal bank = FnaKarr:Uya:l; mango tree = edimsvay football game = kila)al;tat; salt water = TwkGMbil picnic basket = krnþksmrab;edirkmsanþ foot path = pøúvefµirecig examination paper= vibaøasarrblg government school= salaeronrdæ)al : : 8-kark³nam AGENT NOUN Agent Noun ERbfa kark³nam )andl;namcapñak;gar EdlmanrUbmkBIkiriyas½BÞ verb b BIbc ½y suffix ducca³ Er, Or, Ent, Ant, Ist b k¾ Ian. bc ½yTaMgenH GacsßitenARtg;xagcug kiriyas½bþ b namtamgenah. bnþab;mkvagackøayetacakark³nam)anduc³ kiriyas½bþedim BaküERb Efmbc ½y BaküERb teach = bergon teacher = RKUbeRgon farm = efvierscmkar farmer = GñkeFVIERscMkar GñkERs act = efvi actor = GñkeFVI GñksMEdg sail = ecjtuk sailor = navwk 28

13 study = eron student = siss Gñkeron preside = efvicarbfan president = RbFan serve = bmeri servant = GñkbMerI attend = RbugsµartI attendant = qµam Gñkyam GñkbMerI namedim BaküERb Efmbc ½y BaküERb piano = erkogbiya:nu pianist = GñkelgBIya:NU music = turütrnþi musician = trnþikr history = RbvtþisaRsþ historian = GñkRbvtþisaRsþ COUNTABLE NOUN AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUN smnyr = Countable Noun ERbfa : namrab;)an :. etinamrbeptnaxøhedlekgaccat;tukfaca Countable Noun? cemøiy = Countable Noun smedaelinamtamglaynaedlgacrab;cmnynrbs;va)an. namrbeptenh eyiggacdak;cmnyntyelxbimuxva)anducca³ One man, Two men, Three boys, Four girls CaedIm. erka BIenH ekgacefvivaegayetacabhuvcn³ plural )anetotpg. ebitamkarsegát eyiggacemilexijfa mannam5rbeptkñúgcmenamnamtamg8rbeptxageli EdleyIgGacrab;cMnYnrbs;va)andUc³ 1-Common Noun = safarn³nam duc³ boy, book, cat, house, 2-Proper Noun = GsaFarN³nam duc³ Sam, Chhien, Vannak, Rina, 3-Collective Noun = smuhnam duc³ a group of students, 4-Compound Noun = smasnam duc³ living-room, cowboy, mango tree, 5-Agent Noun = kark³nam duc³ sailor, visitor, farmer, student, namtamg5ya:gxageli )anrtuvcat;facanamedlgacrab;)an countable noun. Countable Noun cam)ac;rtuvmanlkçn³sm,tþismxan;3ya:gkw³ 1-rab;cMnYn)an 2-eFVICaBhuvcn³)an 3-eRbItYelxBImux)an 29

14 : : smnyr = Uncountable Noun ERbfa namrab;min)an. etinamrbeptnaedleyigcat;ca uncountable noun? cemøiy = Uncountable Noun smedaelinamtamglaynaedlmingacrab;cmnynrbs;va)an. namenh vagacbgðajr)ab;gmbicmnynrbs;va)an edayerbibriman quantity vij ducca³ Much water, Little ink, CaedIm. b:uenþvamingacdak;cmnyntyelxducca³ One, Two, Three, BImuxva)anCadac;xat. erkabienh ekmingacefvivaegayetacabhuvcn³ plural )anefmetotpg. duecñheyigexijfa mannam3rbeptkñúg cmenamnamtamg8rbeptxageliedleyigmingacrab;cmnynrbs;va)anduc³ 1-Material Noun = vtßúnamduc³ Rice, Gold, Air, Ink, Paper, 2-Abstract Noun = GrUbnamdUc³ Education, Skill, Wisdom, 3-Equivalent Noun = smmulünamduc³ To walk, To eat, What to do, namtamg3ya:gxageli )anrtuvcat;fa CanamEdlminGacrab;cMnYn)an uncountable noun. Uncountable Noun manlkçn³sm,tþismxan;3ya:gkw³ 1-rab;cMnYnmin)anedaynamxøÜnvapÞal; erbahvasßitenacadmu 2-eFVICaBhuvcn³min)an 3-eRbIbrimaN edim,ibgðajcmnyntic b ercinrbs;va cmnam³ eyiggacefvinamedlmingacrab;cmnyn)an uncountable noun egayetacanamedlgacrab; cmnyn)an countable noun tamrebobgay²ducxagerkam³ rubnamékvcn³ Singular Noun a piece of paper = Rkdas;mYysnøwk a drop of water = TwkmYydMNk; an item of news = Bt manmyy a bar of soap = sab UmYydMu a roll of cloth = RkNat;mYykI a loaf of bread = nmb½ugmyy a bag of flour = ems:amimyykar:ug a bottle of beer = b ÍEy:mYydb a basket of fruit = EpøeQImYyl I a cup of tea = EtmYyEBg a glass of water = TwkmYyEkv a ton of rice = RsUvmYyetan a kilo of sugar = sármyykilú a meter of rope = ExSmYyEm:Rt 30

15 rubnambhuvcn³ Plural Noun many pieces of paper = Rkdas;eRcInsnøwk three drops of water = TwkbIdMNk; three items of news = Bt manbiepñk five bars of soap = sab UR)aMdMu few rolls of cloth = RkNat;BIrbIkI six loaves of bread = nmb½ugr)ammyy several bags of flour = ems:amiercinkarug two bottles of milk = TwkedaHeKa2db four baskets of fruit = EpøeQIbYnl I cups of tea = EteRcInEBg many meters of cloth = RkNat;eRcInEm:Rt glasses of water = TwkeRcInEkv He wants to buy several (many) bags of rice. Kat;cg;TijRsUveRcInkaru:g Five meters of string is worth five hundred riels. ExSR)aMEm:RtmantMélR)aMryerol cmnam³ Common Noun myycmnyn ebiniyaydl;rubragedimrbs;va eyiggacexijya:gc,as;fa vaca Countable Noun. b:uenþebiniyaybicmenkedlekpþac;ecjbidmurbs;vaenah eyigexijfa vaca Uncountable Noun. sumemil]tahrn_xagerkam³ namrab;)an Countable Noun namrab;min)an³ Uncountable Noun cow, ox = eka beef = sac;eka pig = RCUk pork = sac;rcuk sheep = ecom mutton = sac;ecom tree = edimeqi wood = eqi GarrYcb ekdam trousers = exaecigevg cloth = RkNat; ty YnaTI Irbs; ;nam FUNCTION OF NOUN ducgñksiksa)anrcabrycmkehiyfa namenakñúgpasagg;ekøsmanrhutdl;eta8epñkfm². kñúg namtamg8epñkenh ek)anebgecketaca2rbeptefmetot KWnamrab;)an countable noun nignamrab; min)an uncountable noun. mkdl;rtwmcmnucenh karsáal;nam enamintan;)anrkb;rkan;enaeliy EdleyIgRtUvEtEsVgyl;GMBInamenHteTAeTot. Etmunnwgdl;cMNucenaH eyigkyresvgyl;gmbitynati 31

16 rbs;nam function of noun Camunsin faetinamtamgenh RtUveKGnuBaØateGayeRbIR)as;)an Rtg;kEnøg NaxøHenAkñúgRbeyaK. tynatirbs;nammanducteta³ 1 -efvinaticarbfanrbs;kiriyas½bþkñúgrbeyak Subject of a Verb ³ Kanha is a student of English language. kbaøacasisspasagg;ekøs Neary loves her parents very much. narirslaj;«bukmþayrbs;nagxøamgnas; This boy likes to have dinner at eight o clock in the evening. ekµgrbusenhculcitþbaújam)ayl acenaem:ag8 Kanha, Nary, boy Canam mannaticarbfanrbs;kiriyas½bþ is, loves nig likes 2 -efvinaticakmµbtrbs;kiriyas½bþkñúgrbeyak Object of a Verb ³ Sovann loves Nimol. suvnñrslaj;niml We respect the teacher. eyigekarbelakrku Channa eats mangoes. can;nabajúamepøsvay Nimol, teacher nig mangoes Canam mannaticakmµbténkiriyas½bþ loves, respect nig eats 3 -efvinaticakmµbtrbs;gaytni)atkñúgrbeyak Object of a Preposition ³ We think of our friends when we leave school. eyigkitdl; nwk mitþp½kþ ebleyigecjbisala Qb;eron He speaks to his girlfriend every day. Kat;niyaydl; etakan; mitþrsirbs;kat;erogral;éf Sarin has waited for Thida. sarin)anrg;camfita friends, girlfriend nig Thida Canam mannaticakmµbtrbs;gaytni)at of, to nig for 4 -efvinaticaepñksmburn rbs;kiriyas½bþ edim,ibrgikegayrbfanmanesckþikan;etc,as;elig Subject Complement CaBiess)anelInamEdlnaMmkeRbIBIeRkaykiriyas½BÞ To be, Become³ Chakriya is a student. criyacasiss Bunthoeun becomes a doctor. b unefoncaevc bnðit 32

17 She was an administrator two years ago. nagcagñkcat;karepñkrdæ)al2qñammkehiy student, doctor nig administrator Canam efvinaticaepñksmburn bmebjn½yegaykiriyas½bþ is, becomes nig was 5 -efvinaticaepñkbrgikkmµbt edim,iegaykmµbtenah manesckþikan;etc,as;las;elig Objective Complement b n½ymüa:getotehafa efvinatitamgkmµbt Object TaMgEpñksMbUrN Complement CamYyKñaEtmþg³ We elected Mr. Boreth leader. eyigerciserisykelakbuer:tcarbfan His parents named him Bora. «Bukmþayrbs;Kat;dak;eQµaHKat;fabUra: Every one called her a coward ekrkb;kñaehanagfacamnusskmsak leader, Bora nig coward Canam EtkñúgRbeyaKTaMg3enH nammkerbiefvinaticaepñkbrgiknam object EdlenAxagmuxKW Boreth, him, her. EtsUmcaMfa namedletaefvinatibrgikkmµbt Na sumdak;erogbierkaykmµbtenahrkb;ebl 6 -efvinaticanamsmrab;bnül;nam b BaküEdlsßitenAxagmux In Apposition ehiyrtuverbi culøpak b sbaøaek,ós, RKb;eBlbnÞab;BInamxagmuxnigenAxagcugnamxageRkay. karerbirebobenh manrebob2ya:gkw³ k-bnül;namedlenaxagmux³ KWnamEdlCaRbFanrbs;RbeyaK Noun in Subjective Apposition edaydak;xagerkayrbfankñúgrbeyak³ Mr. Rina, the Chief of Provincial Office of Local Administration, visited Seila program in Otdar Meanchey. elak rina RbFankariyal½yEpñkrdæ)almUldæanextþ )anetaefvitssnkic kmµvifisilaena extþ]tþrmanc½y Sovanny, my friend, can t go to school as usual. suvnñnimitþrbs; mingacetaeron)anducfmµtaet Our country, Cambodia, is the country of politics instability. RbeTseyIg KWRbeTskm< úca CaRbeTsGsißrPaBxagneya)ay 33

18 chief, friend nig Cambodia CanamTaMgGs; EtkñúgTIenH )anrtuvnammkerbiefvicanambnül; nam b BaküEdlenAxagmux Rina, Sovanny nig country x-bnül;epñkedlcakmµbtrbs;kiriyas½bþenakñúgrbeyak Noun in Objective Apposition edaydak;bierkaykmµbtkñúgrbeyak³ We admire our teacher, Mr. Narith. eyigsresirrkurbs;eyig elaknarit Now I am reading Advanced English Grammar, my book. \LÚvenH kmbuggan Advanced English Grammar EdlCaesovePArbs; Do you want to see Sam Onn, the writer of this book? elakgñkcg;cybsmgungñksresresovepaenhet? Mr. Narith, book nig writer TaMg3BaküenH CanamTaMgGs; Etkñ úgtienh )anrtuvnammkerbi efvicanambnül;nam b BaküEdlCakmµbT EdlsßitenABIeRkayBakü teacher, advanced English Grammar nig Sam Onn 7 -efvinaticanamsmrab;niyayeq<ahetark b smrab;ehaeqµah b k¾r)ab;egaydwg An Address or Vocative ³ Chakriya, please open the door. criyasum emtþa ebiktvarpg Teacher, explain it slowly. elakrkusumemtþabnül;egayywtbnþic Is it true, Penh Leak that your friend will come tomorrow? eticakarbitetebjl½kç Edlfamitþbs;ÉgnwgmkenAéf Es kenh? You are right, Chanthorn. elakrtuvehiy can;fn Chakriya, teacher, Penh Leak nig Chantorn TaMgGs;enHCanam EdlRtUvnaMykmkeRbI smrab;ehaeqµah b smrab;sgát; b k¾smrab;bba ak;egaydwg. sumkmuepøcefvikarcmnampgfa nam TaMgLayNaEdlykmk erbirebobenh eyiggacdak;vaculkenøgrtg;nak¾)anedrenakñúg RbeyaK. ÉculøPaK b k¾sbaøaek,ós, vijenah faetieblnaedlrtuverbisbaøaek,ósmyy ehiyeblnaekrtuv erbisbaøaek,ósbir. sumerbobefobrbeyak2enhkw³ Is it true, Penh Leak that...? Is it true, Penh Leak, which...?. RbeyaKTI1manek,ósEt1 ÉRbeyaKeRkay manek,ós2 34

19 8 -efvinatismedgesckþicam as; Possessive Case rbs;namcatueta)an. TaMgenHGaRs½y elisbaø Apostrophe s RKb;eBl edim,ip ab;esckþicam as;³ The teacher s table is standing in front of the class. turbs;elakrkusßitenaxagmuxbnþb;eron This is the lady s handbag that is very dear. enhcakabubrsþiedlmantméléføcabiess Do you know my principal s house? etielaksáal;pþhcaghvagrbs; Edrb et? teacher s, lady s, nig principal s kúñgrbeyaktamg3 RtUvnaMmkeRbICanamsMEdgesckþICam as;. sumcmnamfa namnaedlrtuvyketaerbiefvicanamsmedgesckþicam as;rbs;nam RtUvman vnñyutþ s RKb;eBl edim,ip ab;esckþicam as; nigrtuvsßitenamuxnamedlrtuvp ab;enahcanic 9 -efvinaticanamedlmankunnam Adjectival Noun RbkbCamYynamdUcKña)an edaydak; enabimuxnamenah³ The football match of today is very interesting. karrbkyt)al;tat;éf enh KYreGaycab;GarmµN_Nas; Penh Leak is waiting for Boreth at the bus stop. ebjl½kçkmbugrg;cambuer:tenaécmntrfynþ There is my relative living in Paris city. manbgb Ún jati rbs; mñak;rs;enatirkug)a:ris football, bus, nig Paris enakúñgrbeyaktamg3 CanamEdlRtUvykmkeRbIeFVInaTIBRgIknam b CaKuNnamBRgIkBakü match karrbkyt, stop kenøgrfynþqb;b cmntrfynþ, nig city TIRkug EdltamBIeRkay. sumcmnamfa namnaedlefvinaticakunnam eblykva etarbkbcamyynamnamyy sumdak;vabimuxnamenahcanic 10 -efvinaticakmµbt EdlmanlkçN³nign½ydUcKñaeTAnwgkiriyas½BÞEdlenABImux Edl PasaGg;eKøsehAfa Cognate Object ERbfa kmµbtedlmanb skl;etmyy³ Mr. Bora died an accident death. elakbura:søab;edaysar]btþvehtu Malice dreamt a good dream last night. ma:lisyl;sbþi_l kalbiyb;muij Miss Chakriya smiled a sweet smile. kbaøacriyajjwmrss; 35

20 The children laughed a merry laugh. ekµg²tamgenahesicya:gsb,ay ya:gmanesckþisux They ran a lively race. BYkeKrt;RbNaMgKñaya:gsb,ay Boreth slept a sleep of having a new house. buer:tedkyl;sbþi_exijfamanpþhfµimyyxñg Baküfa death, dream, smile, laugh, race nig sleep kúñgrbeyaktamggs;xagelicanam KW GrUbnam abstract noun EtRtUvnaMmkeRbIeFVInaTICakmµbTrbs;kiriyas½BÞEdlmanlkçN³nign½ydUcKña 11 -efvinaticarbfanesri b dac;xatrbs;rkumbakü EdlCacMENkrbs;Xøakiriyas½BÞman ing Absolute Subject of Participle Phrase ehiyefvinatibrgikrbfankñ úgrbeyak Main Clause sacafµimþgetot³ Meeting being over, we all sat and talk. karrbcmu)ancb;sbvrkb;ehiy eyigtamggs;kñaggáúyceckkñaelg Meeting CaRbFanesrI b dac;xatrbs;xøakiriyas½bþ b RkumBakü being over ehiy Meeting being over BRgIk we enakñ úgrbeyak Chenda having been elected the chairman of the working group, I am sure that the meeting will have outstanding results. cinþa )anrtuverciserisegayefvicarbfanrkumkargarenah ecofakarrbcmunwgttyl)anlt pl ya:gebjcitþ Chinda Canam EdlykmkeRbICaRbFanesrIb dac;xat absolute subject rbs;xøakiriyas½bþ b RkumBakü participle phrase The sun having set, the farmers walked home. eblrbhgatitülic ksikrtamglayk¾rtlb;etapþh sun Canam EdlykmkeRbICaRbFanesrIb dac;xat absolute subject rbs;xøakiriyas½bþ b RkumBakü participle phrase cmnam³ sumefvikarcgcamcabiessfa RbFanrbs;RbeyaK Main Clause CamYyRbFanesrI b dac;xat absolute subject rbs;xøakiriyas½bþ b RkumBakü participle phrase RtUvCamnusSedayELkBIKña ÉBaküEdlRtUveRbIeFVICaRbFanesrIb dac;xatenah GacCasBVnamk¾)an mincam)ac;canamsut safeliy³ He having finished his work, we left the office together. eblkat;efvikarryc eyigecjbikariyal½ycamyykña 36