oanuk ikb Ëkjrh lhl :i U;kjk csj&hkko fcan ikyuk I;kjk #V~Vh VYyk FkksM+ fur&fur

ikb 1 oanuk Ëkjrh lhl :i U;kjk csj&hkko fcan ikyuk I;kjk #V~Vh VYyk FkksM+ fur&fur Ëkjrh&eka rwa lc nh eka] rsjs vxxsa lhl >qdka A :i rsjk,s cm+k U;kjk] yxnk,s lhkusa xh I;kjkA csj&hkko nk fcan fua uka Ëkjrh&eka rwa lc nh eka 1

fgunw] eqflye] fld[k] bzlkbz] ikysa eka rwa Nkrh ykbza QoZG usb± rwa djsa nuka Ëkjrh&eka rwa lc nh eka :i rsjk dqrs mpps IgkM+sa] fgj.k nksm+ns taxy&tkm+saa xk ns rksrs] fpfm+;ka] dka Ëkjrh&eka rwa lc nh eka vh;kl fnanh Qy] QqYy] #V~Vh] VYyk] FkksM+ fua dksbz dqls ch xyyka xq.k rsjs esa fur&fur xka Ëkjrh&eka rwa lc nh eka 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) Ëkjrh xh eka dh xyk;k xsnk,s\ ([k) taxysa&tkm+sa p jksg~us vkg~ys dq*usa ia*tsa tkuojsa ns uka fy[kksa (x) dq*usa ia*tsa id[k#,a ns uka fy[kksa mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuk rs lkeku; Kku nk fodkl 2

2- [kkyyh Fkkg~j Hkjks %& (d) fgunw eqflye fld[k bzlkbz ikysa eka rwa ---------------- A ([k) fnanh Qy] QqYy] #Íh] VYyk FkksM+ fua dksbz dqls ---------------- A (x) :i rsjk dqrs mpps IgkM+sa] fgj.k nksm+ns ---------------- A (?k) xk ns rksrs] fpfm+;ka] dka Ëkjrh&eka ---------------- A mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkl 3- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& lhl Hkko >qdka uka -------- -------- -------- -------- Nkrh VYyk #V~Vh -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] mppjus rs fy[kus nk vh;kl 4- LgsbZ ns vxxsa ( ) rs xyr ns vxxsa ( ) nk u'kku ykvks%& (d) Ëkjrh lkjsa nh eka,sa ([k) Ëkjrh lkjsa us Hksn&Hkko djnh,sa (x) Ëkjrh ij flqz ekg~uw xs jksag~ns ua (?k) taxy&tkm+sa p fgj.k nksm+ns ua mn~ns'; % fopkj&'kfdr nk fodkl 3

5- bl dfork pk L=hfyax 'kcn pqfu;s fy[kks %& mnkgj.k %& Ëkjrh eka -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % O;kdjf.kd Kku nk fodkl 6- Ëkjrh&eka duus ljcaëkr dksbz gksj dfork vius vë;kid dksyk iqfpn;s psrs djksa mn~ns'; % (i) fo'ks&hkko ns cksëk nk fodkl (ii) dfork xh ys p i<+us nk vh;kl vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p lhl] fgj.k] dka] Qy] QqYy] VYyk] IgkM+] taxy] :i] csj] uka ] Ëkjrh] eka] fpfm+;ka cxsjk lakka cjrksbz fn;ka ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa xh lakk&'kcnsa nh tkudkjh djku rs duus gksj mnkgj.k nsb;s manh tkudkjh xh iddk djus nk vh;kl djkua 4

ikb 2 esjk xzka fnÿkjh dphm+ nccm+ xyhpk Ánw'ku dykm+h [kekuh [kklk leksëk yksdukp yksdxhr dqm~< esjs xzka nk uka iapsjh,sa,g~ mëkeiqjs d'kk fnÿkjh fdyksehvj nwj,sa,g~ns =ksusa iklsa yn~nk rs ihj iapky fn;ka pksfv;ka ua nsvkjsa] phm+sa rs dphm+sa ns cwg~vs,g~nh 'kkshkk xh pkj puu ykans ua yees&pksm+ s lsyys nccm+ b*;ka lsgh gksans u ft*;ka e[keyh xyhps fcns ns gksua IgkM+h bykdk gksus dkj.k brfks Ánw'ku nk uka &u'kku ch usb±,sa bl xzka p bd yksg~dk&lkjk ctkj,s] ftrfks vllh&uccs gfv~v;ka ua iapsjh nh dykm+h nwjs&nwjs rxj e'gwj,sa blns vykok brfks [kksm+] [kekuh] lsc] uk[kka] vkyw c[kkjk cxsjk 5

Qy ch [kklh ek=k p gksans ua brfks fgunw&eqlyeku jyh&fefy;s rs fgj[k&leksëks duus jksag~ns ua iapsjh p dsb± fudds&cm~ms esys gksans ua esysa p yksdukp rs yksdxhr leka c*uns ua ^dqm~<* ukp brfkwa nk e'gwj ukp,sa,g~ns pksusa iklsa vkg~yh IgkM+sa fn;sa cd[k&cd[k pksfv;sa ij nsorsa ns iat eanj u] ftrfks gj c*js esys yxns ua esjk xzka fexh cm+k I;kjk,sA vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) iapsjh Ëkeiqjk 'kk fduus fdyksehvj nwj,s\ ([k) iapsjh ns =ksusa iklsa dsg~fm+;ka iozr k`a[kyk u\ (x) iapsjh p Ánw'ku dh usb±,s\ (?k) iapsjh ns dq*usa ia*tas Qysa ns uka fy[kksa ( ) iapsjh bykds nk dsg~m+k ukp e'gwj,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuk 2- i<+ks le>ks rs fy[kks %& xzka phm+ nccm+ xyhpk -------- -------- -------- -------- Ánw'ku dykm+h yksdukp yksdxhr -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] mppjus rs fy[kus nk vh;kl 6

3- [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& (d) ([k) (x) (?k) ( ) nsvkjsa] phm+sa rs dphm+sa ns cwg~vs,g~nh 'kkshkk xh ------- puu ykans ua (pkj @ lÿk) yees&pksm+s lsyys nccm+ b*;ka lsgh gksans u ft*;ka e[keyh ------- fcns ns gksua (xn~ns @ xyhps) iapsjh nh ------- nwjk&nwjk rxj e'gwj,sa (dykm+h@ism+s) iapsjh p dsb± fudds&cïs ------- gksans ua (esys @ gkfkh) IgkM+sa fn;sa cd[k&cd[k pksfv;sa ij nsorsa ns ------- eanj ua (iat @ nl) mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcnsa duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kl 4- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& xzka ---------------------------------------------------- pksvh ---------------------------------------------------- nccm+ ---------------------------------------------------- Ánw'ku ---------------------------------------------------- ctkj ---------------------------------------------------- dykm+h ---------------------------------------------------- esyk ---------------------------------------------------- dqm~< ---------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kl 7

5- dq*usa nllsa Qysa ns uka fy[kksa mn~ns'; % lëkkj.k tkudkjh nk fodkl 6- iapsjh vkaxj dqls gksj IgkM+h bykds ns ckjs p iat iaxfr;ka fy[kksa mn~ns'; % jpukred ÁfrHkk nk fodkl vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p cjrks, ns lakk&'kcnsa μ iapsjh] yn~nk] ihj iapky] nsvkj] phm+] dphm+] xyhps] gfv~v;ka] [kksm+] dykm+h] [kekuh] uk[kka] vkyw c[kkjk cxsjk lakk,a nh ppkz djns gksbz vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa ns lakk&ljcaëkh Kku xh nj~gkua 8

ikb 3 clk[kh nk esyk jk[kh pk M~gksyk >ksyk dbiqryh f=d[kh Fkkg~j HkkaxM+k xksg~tk eqjyh Hkk,sar csar ykm lhlka ilksuk vk;k esyk vtt clk[kha eqddh gwu duds nh jk[kh esyk fnd[kus nk eu pk A puuw pysvk vius jkg~ 9

ikik nsbz xs nl jis A puuw lksps] ysxk dsg~ * >wvh bd jis nk M~gksykA pysvk pqddh viuk >ksyk [ks<ka tknwfxj fn;ka fnd[kha dbiqryh nh pky f=d[kh vksg~nh gwu cëkh xsbz pkg~a puuw pysvk vius jkg~ puuw ychkh tnwa tyscha lkspu yxsvk [kkbz ysa,g~ ch ychkh dqyqh jax&cjaxha puuw [kkn~ëkh] yxxh paxh fdfuu;ka gfí;ka] fduus xkg~dha [kkyyh Fkkg~j fua dksbz ckdh dsg~ fd'k NksM+S] dsg~ fd'k [kka puuw pysvk vius jkg~ 10

mrfks yksd HkkaxM+k uppua puuw xh vksg~ I;kjs yxxu xksg~ts ckdh iat jis A lkspu yxsvk djka gwu dsg~ fnd[kh eqjyh eu yypk;ka ysus xh muu grfk cëkk;k phtka cfm+;ka] cd[kjs Hkk A puuw pysvk vius jkg~ jsgh xs =S jis tn,sara ysrk nkns th ysbz csar nknk csar ysbz eqldk,a mîh puuw ns d'k vk, puuw xh gh ykm ymk;ka fnfÿk;ka lhlka xys us yk;k puuw vrr ilksbz tk A esyk fnd[kus nk eu pk A puuw pysvk vius jkg~ 11

vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) clk[kh ns esys njku dsg~m+h Qlyk nh ckm~<h gksanh,s\ ([k) puuw ns ikik us puuw xh esys tkus ysbz fduus jis fnÿks gs\ (x) puuw us ft*usa phtsa ij jis [kpz dhrs mans pk dq*usa p* a ns uka fy[kksa (?k) clk[kh ns esys p vke rksjk ij dsg~m+k ukp uppsvk tank,s\ ( ) puuw us vius nknk th vklrs esys pk dsg~m+h pht [kjhnh\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuk 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& lhlka ykm xksg~tk csar -------- -------- -------- -------- f=d[kh M~gksyk xkg~dh Fkkg~j -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] mppjus rs fy[kus nk vh;kl 3- [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& vk;k esyk vtt clk[kh 12

eqddh ------------------- >wvh bd jis nk M~g~ksyk pysvk ------------------- puuw ychkh tnwa tysch lkspu yxsvk ------------------- fdfuu;ka gfí;ka fduus xkg~dh [kkyyh ------------------- mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkl 4- ^d* rs ^[k* [kkuusa p y[kks, ns 'kcnsa xh vkiwa&psa eykvks %& d [k clk[kh nk >wísvk M~gksyk HkkaxM+k jax&cjaxh esyk ukp nknk th vklrs csar dqyqh mn~ns'; % fopkj&'kfdr nk fodkl 5- bl dfork xh ewag~ tokuh psrs dfj;s Dyklk p lukvksa mn~ns'; % (i) Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkl (ii) ys p dfork&ikb nk vh;kl 6- Jqrys[k %& dud] jk[kh] >ksyk] tysch] xkg~dh] csar] pk ] Hkk mn~ns'; % lqfu;s Ëofu;sa xh iunkuus rs LgsbZ fy[kus nk vh;kl 13

vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa xh ikb p cjrksbz fn;sa esyk] M~gksyk] >ksyk] tknwfxj] HkkaxM+k] grfk] csar] jis cxsjk iqfyax lakk,a rs dbiqryh] dqyqh] tysch] dud] gfv~v;ka] phtka] lhlka cxsjk L=hfyax lakk,a nh tkudkjh fnans gksbz m*usaxh fyax ns vëkkj miij lakk,a ns Hksn nllua 14

ikb 4 tsls xh rslk ywu ukyk gksyk ekyd [khj vknr erkcd vks[k pwj clqrz l*tk djuh bd vkneh?kksm+ s ij ywu yfì;s cspus vklrs jkst 'ksg~j tank gka vksg~ns jlrs p bd ukyk iksank gka?kksm+k jkst ml ukys p csgh tank gka ftl dkj.k ywu?kqyh tank gka?kksm+s nk Hkkj fd'k gksyk gksbz tank gka bl djh mlh vknr isbz xsnh gha vksg~ gj ckjh b*;s dee djnk gka ekydk ns ckj&ckj ekjus miij ch vksg~ usb± gk mbnka [khj?kksm+s nk ekyd rax isbz xsvka mlus nq[kh gksb;s bd fnu vksg~ns ij HkkaMs yn~ns rs pyh isvka?kksm+k viuh vknrk ns erkcd ml ukys p csgh xsvka ftlys mv~bsvk rka HkkaMs lkjs ikuh duus HkjksbZ xsns gsa vksg~ cm+h eq'dysa ukys pk mv~bsvka mlh ml fnu 'ksg~jk rksm+h iqttus p cm+h vks[k gksbza vksg~ FkfDd;S pwj gksbz xsvk rs jkrha clqrz gks, nk isvk jsgka mlh viuh uhrs nh l*tk FgksbZA blysbz mlh viuh bl djuh miij cm+k ipnksrk gksvka 15

vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) vkneh?kksm+s ij dsg~ yfì;s 'ksg~j tank gk\ ([k) ukys p csgh tkus djh?kksm+s nh fiv~bh nk Hkkj fd*;ka?kvh tank gk\ (x) rax isb;s?kksm+s ns ekyd us dsg~ lchy dhrh\ (?k)?kksm+s xh 'ksg~j iqttus p vks[k dh gksbz\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& tslk&tsls rslk&rsls?kksm+k&?kksm+s ---------- ----------- ----------- jlrk&jlrs ukyk&ukys cm+k&cm+s ---------- ----------- ----------- mìs'; %& (i) vkdkjkar 'kcnsa p opu ifjorzua (ii) i<+us] fy[kus rs cksyus nk vh;kla 3- LgsbZ 'kcnsa duus okd; iwjs djks %& (d) bd vkneh?kksm+s ij ------------- yfì;s jkst 'ksg~j tank gka (ywu @ lcth) ([k)?kksm+k viuh vknrk ns erkcd ml ukys p --------- tank gka (csgh @ [km+ksbz) (x) mlus nq[kh gksb;s bd fnu vksg~ns ij ------------- yn~nsa (dn~nw @ HkkaMs) 16

(?k) vksg~ FkfDd;S ------------- gksbz xsvka ([kq'k @ pwj) mn~ns'; % fopkj&'kfdr nk fodkla 4- Jqrys[k %& tslk] rslk]?kqyuk] gksyk] erkcd] yìuk] vks[k] HkkaMsA 5- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& ft*;ka %& ywu %& ywus duus [kkuh mn~ns'; % lqfu;s LgsbZ fy[kus nk vh;kla ukyk %&?kksm+k %& ekjuk %& ----- ikj tkuk ----- ij p<+uk ----- ysbz nksm+svk mn~ns'; % 'kcn&á;ksx nk vh;kla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k vë;kid bl ikb p cjrks, ns vkdkjkar lakk&'kcnsa μ?kksm+k] ukyk vkfn ns cgqopuh Á;ksx nk Kku djku rs gksj 'kcn nsb;s mans cgqopu cukus nk vh;kl djkua 17

ikb 5 pkpk usg: cky&fnol eykvh lekëkh odkyr eqa<yh Ëkh lqxzckl vpdu f'k{kk vtknh ËkeZiRuh i'kkd iqj[ks d'ehj ekrk eykvh ns'k HkjS p 14 uoacj nk fnu ^cky fnol* ns :ik p euk;k tank,sa bl fnu 1889 bz- xh cppsa ns ^pkpk usg:* gqank tue bykgkckn p gksvk gka bans iqj[ks d'ehj p jksag~ns gsa pkpk usg: gqank iwjk uka iafmr tokgj yky usg: gka bans firk th nk uka iafmr eksrhyky usg: rs ekrk th nk uka Lo:i jkuh gka iafmr tokgj yky gqanh ËkeZiRuh nk uka Jherh deyk usg: gk rs banh bddks&bd Ëkh gh] ftlnk uka b*usa 18

fá;n'kzuh bafnjk jd[ksvk gka iafmr tokgj yky usg: gqanh eqa<yh i<+kbz bykgkckn p xs gksbz] ij mpp f'k{kk ysbz b*usaxh 1905 bz- p baxysam Hkstsvk xsvka mrfkqvka duwu nh mpp&f'k{kk gkly dfj;s,g~ Hkkjr ijrksbz vk, rs vius firk gqans duus odkyr nk dee dju yxh isa egkrek xkaëkh gqans duus banh eykvh lu~ 1916 bz- p gksbz rs mans duus b*usa ch ns'k xh vtknh nksvkus ysbz dee dhrka vtkn Hkkjr ns,g~ isg~ys ÁËkkuea=h cus gsa pwm+hnkj itkek] vpdu rs fd'rh?kkv Vksih banh euiflun i'kkd gha b*usaxh cppsa duus cm+k I;kj gka,g~ cppsa p cm+s yksdfá; gsa cpps b*usaxh I;kj duus ^pkpk usg:* vk[kns gsa 27 esbz] 1964 bz- xh bank lqxzckl gksbz xsvka banh lekëkh fnyyh p 'kkafrou p cukbz xsnh,sa vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) usg: gqank tue dnwa rs dq*rfks gksvk\ ([k) bans firk th nk rs ekrk th nk dsg~ uka gk\ (x) banh eqa<yh i<+kbz dq*rfks gksbz gh\ (?k) b*usa baxysam tkb;s dsg~nh i<+kbz dhrh gh\ 19

( ) pkpk usg: gqanh lekëkh dq*rfks cukbz xsnh,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- bl ikb p vk, ns O;fDr;sa rs Fkkg~jsa ns uka i<+ks rs fy[kks%& O;fDr;sa ns uka Fkkg~jsa ns uka (d) eksrh yky ------------ bykgkckn ------------ ([k) Lo:i jkuh ------------ baxysam ------------ (x) tokgj yky ------------ 'kkafrou ------------ (?k) deyk usg: ------------ Hkkjr ------------ ( ) fá;n'kzuh bafnjk ------------ d'ehj ------------ mn~ns'; % O;fDr okpd lakk,a xh iunkuus nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa duus okd; iwjs djks %& eqa<yh] lekëkh] cky&fnol] Ëkh (d) usg: gqanh ------------ i<+kbz bykgkckn p xs gksbza ([k) pksnka uoacj nk fnu ------------ ns :ik p euk;k tank,sa (x) (?k) banh bdds&bd ------------ gha banh ------------ fnyyh p 'kkafrou p cukbz xsbz nh,sa mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcn&á;ksx duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla 4- gsb fy[ks ns okd;sa nk 'kcn&ÿe LgsbZ djks %& ft*;ka %& gksvk bykgkckn tue p gk gqank pkpk usg:a LgsbZ ÿe %& pkpk usg: gqank tue bykgkckn p gksvk gka (d) ([k) (x) lu~ gksbz 1916 bz- p eykvh xkaëkh egkrek duus gqans banh cus ÁËkkuea=h Hkkjr vtkn isg~ys ns,g~ xsvk Hkstsvk baxysam 1905 bz- p b*usaxh mpp&f'k{kk ysbz 20

(?k) nk gk uka firk th bans usg: eksrhyky mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcn&ÿe nk vh;kla 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh Bhd dfj;s fy[kks %& eukvk] gks;k] thlnk] ewa<yh] dfj;s] eykfv] pqm+hnkj] ns'k] dh'rh?kkv] isg~ys] lwxzckl] euilhun mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa nk KkuA vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p cjrks, ns O;fDr;sa rs Fkkg~jsa ns uka,a μ eksrhyky] Lo:i jkuh] tokgj yky] deyk usg:] fá;n'kzuh bafnjk] bykgkckn] baxysam] 'kkafrou] d'ehj] Hkkjr cxsjk ns gokys duus fo kffkz;sa xh ^O;fDrokpd lakk* nh tkudkjh djkbz tk A 21

ikb 6 'ksyw I;kjk nqykjk cjt'k Ugkjh fuÿk ftì ykm Fkkih Hkkanh nqº eank cksag~nk #>nk 'ksyw I;kjk lkjsa nk,sa cm+k nqykjk lkjsa nk,s fnu p<+us 'kk isg~ysa mbnka nkru djnk] cjt'k djnk 22

gh p<+ns lwjt nh yksbza i<+nk&fy[knk] UgkbZ&ËkksbZ gllh&gllh Ugkjh [kanka gllh fuÿk LdwyS tank fcu eryc vksg~ ftì fua djnka uka nw, cppsa us ym+nk lcd lnk eu ykbz i<+nka rka lkjsa xh I;kjk yxnk 23

vë;kid mlxh ykm u ykansa [kq'k gksbz&gksb;s lcd i<+kans lkq fy[kh nh vkg~unk dkiha gj fnu Fgksanh mlxh Fkkih [ks<ka djnk eu&fpÿk ykbza VSeS flj vksg~ djs i<+kbz fnd[kh nqº fua Hkkank eanka lkx&lfct;ka gllh [kank Vh-oh- vxxsa erk fua cksag~nka Egs'kka cq'kz dfj;s lksank 24

cqjh laxrsa fcan fua #>nka rksys lksank] rksys mbnk vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) 'ksyw fn;ka dksbz iat vpnkb;ka fy[kksa ([k) 'ksyw nh vksg~ dsg~m+h&dsg~m+h vpnh vknr,s] tsg~m+h rqans p ch gs\ (x) 'ksyw dqlys lksank rs dqlys tkxnk,s\ (?k) 'ksyw dsg~&dsg~ [kank,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 25

2- gsb fnÿks ns okd;sa xh iwjk djks %& 'ksyw I;kjk lkjsa nk,s cm+k ------------------------------ lcd lnk ------------------------------- rka lkjsa xh ----------------------------------- [ks<ka djnk ------------------------------- VSeS flj ---------------------------------- 3- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& I;kjk nqykjk nkru cjt'k lwjt -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- fuÿk lcd Fkkih eank #>nk -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % (i) Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla (ii) okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla mn~ns'; % i<+us] mppjus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 4- Bhd okd; vxxsa nk u'kku yxkvks rs xyr okd;sa vxxsa nk u'kku ykvks %& (d) fnu p<+us 'kk fipnksa mbnka ([k) lcd lnk eu ykbz i<+nka (x) gllh fuÿk LdwyS tanka (?k) fcu eryc vksg~ ftn~nka djnka ( ) Vh-oh- vxxsa erk xs cksag~nka 26

(p) rksys lksank] rksys mbnka mn~ns'; % fopkj 'kfdr nk fodkla 5- dfork xh ewag~ tckuh psrs dfj;s tekrk p lukvksa mn~ns'; % (i) Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla (ii) dfork&ikb nk vh;kla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ ^lakk* nk Kku iddk djkans gksbz ikb p cjrks, ns nkru] cjt'k] lwjt] Ugkjh] Ldwy] ftn~n] eu] lcd] vë;kid] ykm] cpps] dkih] Fkkih] [ks<ka] nqn~ëk] Vhoh-] lkx] lfct;ka cxsjk lakk&'kcnsa nk ijfr;s vh;kl djkua blns duus xs lakk,a p iqfyax rs L=hfyax ns Kku xh ch nj~gkua 27

ikb 7 vej esg~y E;wft+;e jktekxz Fkkg~j ud'kk E;wft+;e lugkdm+k ËkeZiRuh mn~?kkvu fp= vkyh'kku lqxzckl la?kklu bfrgkld f'kyidkj liqÿkj tkÿk: Fkkg~j teew&d'ehj jktekxz ij ekamk uka nk bd lugkdm+k Fkkg~j,sA mrfks ltth HksBk cus nk bd vkyh'kku esg~y n'kzdsa nk eu eksgh ysank,sa bl nk uka ^vej esg~y*,sa blns fipnsa r*oh unh cxnh,sa brfkqvka lkjk teew utjh vksank,sa vej esg~y nk ud'kk 1862 bz- p kal ns'k ns bd f'kyidkj us R;kj dhrk gka blxh egkjktk j.kchj flag gqans yksg~ds iqÿkj jktk vejflag gksjsa 1890 bz- p cuksvk;k gka bl p egkjktk gfjflag gqanh ËkeZiRuh Jherh 28

rkjk nsoh gksj jksag~fn;ka fg;kaa 1967 bz- p mank lqxzckl gksbz xsvka mans liqÿkj MkW- d.kz flag rs uwag~ Jherh ;'kksjkt; y{eh gksjsa vej esg~y gfj&rkjk V LV xh lksaih fnÿkk rka ts bl esg~y xh bd E;wft+;e ns :ik p cjrsvk tk A bl E;wft+;e nk fofëk&foëkku duus mn~?kkvu 1975 bzp clk[kh vkg~ys fnu 13 vásy xh ml csyys nh ÁËkkuea=h Jherh bafnjk xkaëkh gqans }kjk djksvk;k xsvka bl E;wft+;e p ia*th Tgkj drkcka] efr;ka gkfj;ka dyk&œfr;ka jfd[k;ka xsbz fn;ka ua bl p egkjktk gfjflag gqank lquus nk la?kklu ch jd[ksvk xsnk,sa E;wft+;e nk lhkusa 'kk cm~mk gky ^njckj gky* [kqvkank,sa bl p egkjktk xqykc flag gqans 'kk ysb;s MkW- d.kz flag rs jktekrk rkjk nsoh rs Jherh ;'kksjkt; y{eh gqans fp= fnd[kus tksx ua ^vej esg~y E;wft+;e* teew nk bd n'kzuh bfrgkld Fkkg~j,s] ftlh fnd[kus vklrs ns'k&fons'k Fkeka ers&gkjs tkÿk: vksans jksag~ns ua vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) vej esg~y E;wft+;e dq*rfks cus nk,s\ ([k) bl fcpp dsg~fm+;ka phtka jfd[k;ka xsfn;ka u\ 29

(x) ftl vej esg~y p E;wft+;e cus nk,s] mlxh dqlus cuksvk;k gk\ (?k),g~ esg~y E;wft+;e ysbz dql V LV xh lksaisvk xsnk,s\ ( ) vej esg~y E;wft+;e nk mn~?kkvu dqlus dhrk gk rs dnwa dhrk gk\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- bl ikb p vk, ns O;fDr;sa rs Fkkg~jsa ns uka i<+ks rs fy[kks%& O;fDr;sa ns uka Fkkg~jsa ns uka (d) egkjktk j.kchj flag ------------ ekamk ([k) jktk vej flag ------------ teew (x) MkW- d.kz flag ------------ d'ehj (?k) jktekrk rkjk nsoh ------------ kal ( ) Jherh ;'kksjkt; y{eh ------------ vej esg~y mn~ns'; % O;fDrokpd lakk ns Kku xh lqn`<+ djuka 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa duus okd; iwjs djks %& lugkdm+k] r*oh] teew] lqxzckl] mn~?kkvu (d) teew d'ehj jktekxz ij ekamk uka nk ------------ Fkkg~j,sA ([k) blns fipnsa ------------ unh cxnh,sa (x) 1967 bz- p egkjkuh rkjk nsoh gqank ------------ gksbz xsvka (?k) brfkqvka lkjk ------------ utjh vksank,sa ( ) bl E;wft+;e nk ------------ 1975 bz- p djksvk;k xsvka 30

mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcnsa duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla 4- LgsbZ okd; vxxsa rs xyr vxxsa nk u'kku ykvks%& (d) vej esg~y nk ud'kk vejhdk ns f'kyidkj us R;kj dhrk gka ([k) blh jktk vej flag gksjsa cuksvk;k gka (x) bl esg~y xh E;wft+;e cukus ysbz gfj&rkjk V LV xh lksaih fnÿkk xsvka (?k) bl E;wft+;e p bd yd[k drkcka ua ( ) bl nk mn~?kkvu clk[kh vkg~ys jkst 1975 bz- p gksvk gka mn~ns'; % fopkj&'kfdr nk fodkla 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh 'kqn~ëk :isa p fy[kks %& jktekzx --------------- ekmka vkfy'kku --------------- ihpnsa esg~y --------------- lqxckzl ËkeiZfRu --------------- 'khyidkj --------------- --------------- --------------- --------------- mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa rs LgsbZ ys[ku nk vh;kla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p cjrksbz fn;sa O;fDrokpd lakk,a nk vh;kl nj~gkans gksbz vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ gksj ch [kkl Fkkg~jsa] iqlrdsa] ufn;sa] IgkM+sa] njsvk,a] usrk,a cxsjk ns uka nlns gksbz fo kffkz;sa xh O;fDrokpd lakk nk vh;kl iddk djkua 31

ikb 8 Ëkks[ksckt fxìm+ nkslr f<ï pjnk Hkjekuk fc*yuk Qkgh pky vkm+ NM+duk lsg~cu rjdhc?kslyk fpÿk Qly gkyr nq[kh bd ckjh nh xyy,s bd fgj.k rs dka cm+s idds nkslr gsa vksg~ viuk f<ï Hkjus vklrs jkst losjs taxys p fudyh tans gsa fgj.k tkm+s p pjnk jksag~nk gk rs dka dqls cwg~vs ij csfg;s Qy [kank jksag~nk gka ij tnwa dqrs 'ksj tka fpÿkjk vkbz tank rka dka tksjsa&tksjsa dka&dka dju yxh iksanka fgj.k dka nh ckt lquns xs ullh tank gka bd fxìm+ manh iddh nkslrh xh fnfd[k;s lm+nk gka muu manh nkslrh =ksm+us nh lkspha mlus fgj.ks duus 32

nkslrh ikbz ysbza mlh viuh feîh&feîh xyysa p HkjekbZ ysvka fgj.k fxìm+k fn;sa xyysa p vkbz xsvka isg~ys xs fnu fxìm+ mlh bd [ksrjk p ysbz xsvka nksusa jftt;s Qly pjha Qly pjus ckn fxìm+ ml Qlyk p fc*yu yxh isvka lkjh Qly efy;s jd[kh fnÿkha Qlyk nh gkyr fnfd[k;s djlku cm+k nq[kh gksvk m*uus [ksrjk p Qkgh ykbz vksm+h rka ts tsg~m+k i'kq vkos] vksg~ Qlh tk A nq, fnu fxìm+ fgj.kk xh gh mlls [ksrjk p ysbz xsvka fgj.k fxìm+k nh pky usb± le>h ldsvka mlus Nky ekjh rs vkm+ VfIi;S [ksrjk p tkbz iqttka Fkksg~M+k tusgk vxxsa iqtns xs fgj.k Qkgh p Qlh xsvka fxìm+ fipnsa [km+ksrk jsgka fgj.k cfgsjk NM+dsvkA mlus fxìm+k xh cpkus vklrs ch vk[ksvk ij fxìm+,g~ xyy vkf[k;s fipnsa gksbz xsvk] flhkzkok rwa rs Qlh xsvk,sa rqxh cpkans&cpkans gwu esa ch Qlh tk Afi fgj.k lkjh jkr rm+qnk jsgka fnu p<+ns UgsjS&UgsjS lsg~cu xs vksg~nk isg~yk nkslr dka 33

vkbz xsvka vksg~ nkslrk nh gkyr fnfd[k;s cm+k nq[kh gksvka fxìm+ NfIi;S lc fd'k fnd[kk nk gka fgj.k cksyysvk] flnkslrk yks gksans xs [ksrjk ns ekydk us vkbz tkuk,s rs fexh ekjh vksm+uk,sa rwa dqls pkyyh esjh enn djafi dka cksyysvk] flnkslrk esa rqxh Qkgh 'kk rs usb± NM+dkbZ ldnk ij rqxh bd rjdhc nllukaa Ë;kuS duus lqua ftlys djlku vkb;s rsjh Qkgh [kksg~yx mlys rwa?kslyk cuh tk;ka rs fcydqy usb± fgyysvkaa vksg~ rqxh YgkbZ&Ygkb;S fnd[kx] rwa fcydqy usb± fgyysvkaa ftlys vksg~ rqxh eks, nk lef>;s pyh tkx rka esa dka&dka dj ] rwa mfî;s ullh tk;kaafi fgj.kk us Bhd m*vka xs dhrka ij ftlys djlkuk us fgj.kk xh ulns fnd[ksvk rka m*uus grfkk p ixm+s ns eqís tusg~ lksvs xh cxkgh ekjsvka buus p mrfks NIis ns fxìm+s us eawg~ ckg~j dfô;s fnd[ksvk rs vksg~ lksvk vksg~ns fljs xh tkbz cttka fxìm+ mrfks xs fpÿk ejh xsvka vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) dka fgj.ks xh nq, tkuojsa 'kk [kcjnkj djus ysbz dsg~ djnk gk\ 34

([k) (x) (?k) ( ) (p) fxìm+s ns eukseu lm+us nk dsg~ dkj.k gk\ fxìm+ fgj.ks xh dq*rfks ysbz xsvk\ fgj.ks ns Qlh tkus ns ckn fxìm+s dsg~ vkf[k;s vksg~nh enn usb± dhrh\ dka us fgj.ks nh enn fdl pkyyh dhrh\ fxìm+s xh Ëkks[kk djus nk dsg~ Qy feysvk\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- (d) i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& tank&tans fn[knk&fn[kns Hkjekank&Hkjekans ---------- --------------- ----------------- ekjnk&ekjns ikank&ikans ------------- --------------- mìs'; % fÿ;k p opu&ifjorzu nh tkudkjha ([k) ekjuk %& ekjnk] ekjsvk] ekjx pjuk %& pjnk] pjsvk] pjx pyuk %& pynk] pysvk] pyx lm+uk %& lm+nk] lm+svk] lm+x mìs'; % fÿ;k p dky&á;ksx nh tkudkjha 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& rjdhc --------------------------------------------------- tkm+ --------------------------------------------------- 35

nkslrh [ksrj pky le>uk Ëkks[kk cpkuk --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- mìs'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 4- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa pk LgsbZ 'kcnsa nk Á;ksx dfj;s [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& (d) fxìm+s manh ------------- =ksm+us nh lkspha (nq'euh @ nkslrh) ([k) Qlyk nh gkyr fnfd[k;s djlku cm+k ------------- gksvka ([kq'k @ nq[kh) (x) fgj.k fxìm+k nh pky usb± ------------- ldsvka (le>h @ fnd[kh) (?k) fxìm+ ------------- lc fd'k fnd[kk nk gka (NfIi;S @ lkeus vkfu;s) ( ) nkslrk esa rqxh ------------- pk usb± NqM+dkbZ ldnka (Qkgh @ fiatjs) mìs'; % LgsbZ 'kcn&á;ksx duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla 5- b*usa 'kcnsa xh LgsbZ :ik p fy[kks %& QkbZ ----------------------- lscu ----------------------- 36

rdjhc fcyu tsgm+k fxnm+ leth fprjk usjs&usjs cksysvk ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- ----------------------- mìs'; % 'kqn~ëk fgttsa nh tkudkjha vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p cjrks, ns dka] fxìm+] fgj.k] djlku] cwg~vk] [ksrj cxsjk 'kcn tkfrokpd lakk ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa xh O;fDrokpd lakk,a nh tkudkjh nsus ns ckn tkfrokpd lakk,a nk Kku djkua 37

ikb 9 =sy =sy ueha ek=k Qqax eyse lrg uqdrk lsty leidz ixmamh fjluk dqaxyk rql lkspns gksxsvks ts =sy iksuk vke tusgh dqnjrh xyy,s] ftlns ckjs p erk le>us nh yksm+ usb±a tnds bl xyys ckjs cm+s fpjs rxj xyr QSg~fe;ka jsfg;ka ts =sy vly p gs dsg~,s rs bl fo'ks miij fdfuu;ka xs drkcka fyf[k;ka tkbz pqdh fn;ka ua xzhd QyklQj vjlrw ns lesa dksyk ysb;s vtts dksyk 200 lky isg~ysa rxj b*;s lkspsvk tank gk ts =sy ^iksanh*,s] cj[kk vkaxja ij =sy ^iksanh* fcydqy usb±a cwg~vsa ns irrjsa miij ychkus vkg~yh vke =sy vly p iwjh pkyyh =sy gs xs usb±a =syk ns ckjs p le>us ysbz isg~ysa vlsa xh vius vkys&nqvkys vkg~yh Cgk ns ckjs p fd'k tkuuk t:jh,sa lkjh Cgk p ueha tka lsty gksanh,sa rÿkh Cgk p 38

lstyk nh ek=k BaMh Cgk dksyk fd'k cn~ëk gksanh,sa rÿkh Cgk ftlys dqls BaMh lrg vkg~yh phtk ns laidz p vksanh,s rka Cgk nk fd'k fgllk teeh tank,s rs mlns p etwn lsty ml lrg miij ikuh fn;sa fufdd;sa Qqaxsa p cnyh tanh,sa b*;s =sy,sa bd lrg nk bd [kkl rkieku rxj BaMk gksuk t:jh,sa bl [kkl rkieku xh fln M~;w iksvkbavfi vk[kns ua mnkgj.k ns rksj miij tsdj rql dqls 'kh'ks ns xyklk p tka dqls gksj pedhyh rs eyse lrg vkg~yh Ëkkrq ns xyklk p ikuh ikb;s jd[kks rka t:jh usb± ts xyklk miij =sy vkbz tk A gh Hkkesa rql xyklk p cqz ikbz nsvks rs gksbz ldnk,s =sy gh ch usb± vkos] mlys rxj ftlys rxj ds xyklk nh ckg~jyh lrg nk rkieku bd [kkl uqdrs dksyk [k*yy usb± vkbz tk A dqnjrh rksjk miij =sy fd*;ka cunh,s\ blns ysbz isg~ysa rs lsty Hkjksph Cgk gksuh pkfgnha gh bl Cgk nk dqls BaMh lrg ns laidz p vksuk t:jh,sa Hkq kka tka gh ixmafm;sa miij =sy usb± vksanh] dh ts,g~ lwjt <yus ckn ch erk fpj mlnh xehz duus ris ns jksag~ns ua ij =sy?kk tka iÿkjsa ij vkbz ldnh,s] tsg~m+s BaMs gksbz xsns gksua 39

ft*;ka ds vlsa 'kq: p xs vk[ksvk ts tsg~m+h =sy vlsa xh iÿkjsa miij yhknh,s] vksg~ lkjh =sy usb± gksanh\ mlnh ctg,g~,s ts iÿkjsa miij ychkus vkg~yh ueha nk Fkksg~M+k fgllk cs'kdd =sy gksanh,s ij erk fgllk rs dsb± ckjh lkjk xs fgllk cwg~vsa nk viuk ikuh gksank,sa iÿkjsa ns #vk,a pk ikuh fjlh&fjfl;s ckg~j vksank jksag~nk,sa,g~ ml Áfÿ;k nk bd fgllk,s] ftlns rsg~r cwg~vs t*m+sa jkgsa ikuh f[kfpp;s iÿkjsa xh itkans jksag~ns ua,g~ Áfÿ;k fnusa csyys pkyw gksbz tanh,s rka ts dqaxys iÿkj lwjts nh rst xehz cjnk'r djus ns dkcy cus jksg~u rs gh,g~ jkrh rxj pynh jksag~nh,sa nqfu;ka ns fd'k fgllsa p =sy buuh iksanh,s ts dv~bh dfj;s pcgppsa p Hkjh ysrh tanh,s rs gh vksg~ ikuh Maxjsa xh iykus ysbz blrseky dhrk tank,sa vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) ikb p dsg~m+s xzhd QyklQj nk ftÿ gks, nk,s\ ([k) =sy fd*;ka cunh,s\ (x) fln M~;w iksvkbavfi nk dsg~ vfkz,s\ (?k) Hkq kka tka gh ixmafm;sa ij =sy dh usb± vksanh\ 40

( ) lwjts nh xehz 'kk iÿkjsa xh cpkus ysbz cwg~vsa p gksus vkg~yh Áfÿ;k nk o.kzu djksa mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& =sy QyklQj ek=k lsty rkieku -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ixmamh ueha Áfÿ;k cjnk'r blrseky -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 3- gsb fy[ks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& =sy -------------------------------------------------- xyr QSg~eh -------------------------------------------------- iÿkj -------------------------------------------------- etwn -------------------------------------------------- eyse -------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 4- LgsbZ 'kcnsa ns Á;ksx duus [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& (d) rÿkh Cgk p lstyk nh ek=k BaMh Cgk dksyk fd'k --- --------- gksanh,sa (?kí @ cº) ([k) fln M~;w iksvkbavfi bd [kkl ------------ xh vk[kns ua (xfr @ rkieku) (?k) iÿkjsa ns #vk,a pk ------------ fjlh&fjlh ckg~j vksank 41

( ) jksag~nk,sa (HkkQ @ ikuh) cwg~vs ------------ jkgsa ikuh f[kfpp;s iÿkjsa xh itkans ua (QqYysa @ t*m+ sa) 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh 'kqº dfj;s fy[kks %& dwnjr --------------- chydqy --------------- rjsy --------------- ikfu --------------- leijd --------------- etqn --------------- f'k'kk --------------- pefdyk --------------- mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcnsa ns Á;ksx duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa nk KkuA vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k =sy] cj[kk] Cgk ] ueha] lsty] Qqax vkfn L=hfyax lakka ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ b*;s tusfg;sa iqfyax lakk,a fn;ka elkyka nsb;s lakk,a ckjs fo kffkz;sa nk fyax&kku cëkkua ft*;ka IgkM+ iqfyax] >hy (L=hfyax)A 42

ikb 10 L;kuk dka =sgk;k Mksvkjh ikuh Qkeka [khj uhank ds adj?km+k vdy lel;k tqxr vxxsa&fipnsa bd ckjh =sgk;k dka ] lksps fd*;ka =sg~ evka A bºj&mºj Hkjh Mksvkjh] vxxsa&fipnsa utj ch ekjha usb± ychkk ikuh nk uka ] lksps gwu esa dq*rfks tka A mïjh&mïjh gksvk Qkeka] [khj bd Fkka csbk gh NkekaA utj mrfks?km+s ij isbz] lksps tkb;s fnd[kka lsgha fnd[ksvk ikuh cm+k gk uhank] bl djh vksg~ fd*;ka ihank\ 43

jax Hkkesa,s dka nk dkyk] gksank,s ij vdyh vkg~yka lel;k nh rsg~ rd iqtth] tqxr mlh gh bd gh lqt>ha fudds&fudds dsadj pqdds]?km+s p ckjh&ckjh lq*v~vsa ikuh miij vk;k iqtth] ih,s ikuh xsvk vksg~ mïh vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) dka dsg~nh rik'kk p mïjk nk gk\ ([k) ^dka vdyh vkg~yk gk*] dfo ns bl dfku nh iq'vh djksa (x) dka xh dsg~ tqxr lqt>h gh\ 2- dfork pk bdds usg~ lqjsa vkg~ys 'kcnsa xh fy[kks %& ft*;ka %& ^Mksvkjh] ekjh* (d) dka ------------- ([k) Qkeka ------------- (x) isbz ------------- mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 44

(?k) ( ) uhank dkyk ------------- ------------- mn~ns'; % lqj&kku nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿkh fn;sa iaxfr;sa xh manh rqdcanh vkg~yh nwbz iaxrh tksm+ns gksbz iwjk djks %& ft*;ka %& bd ckjh =sgk;k dka lksps fd*;ka =sg~ evka (d) mïjh&mïjh gksvk Qkeka] -------------------------- ([k) fnd[ksvk ikuh cm+k gk uhank] -----------------------------A mn~ns'; % fo'ks&kku rs Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla 4- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& (d) fnd[kuk fnd[ksvk --------- --------- ihuk ihrk --------- --------- lkspuk lkspsvk --------- --------- mïuk mïsvk --------- --------- ([k) bºj vxxsa ------- ------- 45

fipnsa dq*rfks ------- ------- fnd[kuk iqttuk ------- ------- lq*íuk mïuk ------- ------- mn~ns'; % (i) fÿ;k,a nh dky&jpuk nk cksëk djkuka (ii) i<+us] mppjus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 5- Jqrys[k %& ikuh] dq*rfks] vkg~yk] vksg~] ychkk] dsadj]?km+k] =sgk;k] evka ] miij mn~ns'; % lqfu;s LgsbZ fy[kus nk vh;kla 6- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& =sg~ ---------------------------------------------------- ikuh ----------------------------------------------------?km+k ---------------------------------------------------- dka ---------------------------------------------------- jax ---------------------------------------------------- dkyk ---------------------------------------------------- vdy ---------------------------------------------------- fuddk ---------------------------------------------------- dsadj ---------------------------------------------------- mïsvk ---------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 46

vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p =sgk;k] Qkeka] uhank] dkyk cxsjk fo'ks'ku 'kcn cjrks, ns ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa xh ^fo'ks'ku* ns ckjs p tkudkjh nsu rs gksj mnkgj.k nsb;s manh tkudkjh xh cëkkua 47

ikb 11 NCch tuojh Ëkwe&Ëkke lykeh fj;klr lsfud jktëkkuh mikfëk;ka HkGkafd;ka QkSth lekjksg~ leekur nhidekyk cx?kh lqvkxr rjaxk HkaGMk ijsm NCch tuojh lk<+k bd jk'v h rsgkj,sa blxh ^x.kra= fnol* ch vk[ksvk tank,sa,g~ fnu Hkkjr nh gj fj;klrk p cm+h Ëkwe&Ëkke duus euk;k tank,sa ij ns'ks nh jktëkkuh fnyyh p NCch tuojh 48

a eukus nh 'kku ujkyh xs gksanh,sa bl fnu bd cm+k cm~mk lekjksg~ bafm;k&xsv ykxs euk;k tank,sa ns'ks ns jk'v ifr gksj bd cx?kh p csfg;s lekjksg~ vkg~ys Fkkg~j tans gs] ij vttdy eksvjdkjk p csfg~;s tans ua mank lqvkxr djus vklrs =ksusa lsuk,a μ Fkylsuk] ok;qlsuk rs tylsuk μ ns phi+g] ÁËkkuea=h rs gksj euus&ijeuus ns yksd etwn gksans ua vksg~ jk'v ifr gksjs a xh lykeh eap ij ysbz tans ua jk"v ifr gksjsa xh 31,a rksqsa nh lykeh fnÿkh tanh,sa rjaxk HkaGMk pk<+svk tank,s rs gh lsfud&csam jk'v xku nh Ëkqu ctkank,sa blns ckn ohj lsfuds a xh Cgknjh ns dkjukes a vklrs mikfëk;s a rs bukes duus leekur dhrk tank,sa gh ekpz&iklv rs HkaGkfd;sa nk flyflyk 'kq: gksank,sa ekpz&iklv djus vkg~ys jk'v ifr gqans lkeus nk lykeh fnans 49

gksbz ya?kns tans ua bl tywls p dsb± fdlesa ns taxh gf;kjsa] rksisa&vsadsa] felkbysa] gokbz Tgktsa vkfn xh nj'kk;k tank,sa blh fnfd[k;s ns'kckfl;sa xh viuh QkSth rkdr nk irk yxnk,sa lsfud ijsmk ns exjk?kqm+&lqvkj] av&lqvkj] lsuk] us'kuy dsmv vkfn ns ;qfuvsa nh ijsm gksanh,sa Cgknjh nk buke ysus vkg~ys cppsa xh ch gkfkh ij Cgkfy;S lykeh eap ns lkeusvk ya?kk;k tank,sa fj;klrsa ns tu&thou rs rjddh duus ljcaëkr HkaGkfd;ka ch dfm~<;ka tafn;ka ua NCch tuojh xh fj;klrsa ns vkiks&vius xouzj rs ea=h lykeh ysans ua jk'v ifr&hkou] xouzj gk l rs gksjusa ljdkjh bekjrsa ij nhid&ekyk dhrh tanh,sa l* kka csyys [kkl&[kkl yksdsa xh pkg~&ikuh ysbz jk'v ifr&hkou rs xouzj&hkousa p cqyk;k tank,sa vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) NCch tuojh ns fnu xh gksj dsg~m+s uka duus tkusvk tank,s\ ([k) fnyyh p bl fnu HkaGMk pkf<+;s ekpz&iklv ijsm nh lykeh dq*u ysank,s\ 50

(x) (?k) ( ) (p) lekjksg~ vkg~ys Fkkg~j jk"v ifr gqank lqvkxr dq*u yksd djns u\ NCch tuojh fn;sa HkaGkfd;sa p dsg~ fd'k nllsvk tank,s\ Cgknjh nk buke gkly djus vkg~ys cppsa xh dksg~ns miij Cgkfy;S tywl nllsvk tank,s\ fj;klrk p NCch tuojh ij lykeh dq*u ysank,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa pk LgsbZ 'kcn rkfy;s okd; iwjs djks %& fj;klr] lykeh] jk'v ifr] QkSth] lqvkxr (d) ------------ gksjsa xh 31,a rksqsa nh lykeh fnÿkh tanh,sa ([k) gj ------------ p cm+h Ëkwe&Ëkke duus euk;k tank,sa (x) mank ------------ djus vklrs =ksusa lsuk,a ns phi+g -------- ---- yksd gksans etwn ua (?k) vksg~ jk'v ifr gksjsa xh ------------ eap ij ysbz tans ua ( ) ns'kckfl;sa xh viuh ------------ rkdr nk irk yxnk,sa mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcnsa duus okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh i<+ks] fy[kks rs le>ks %& (d) mikfëk;ka fj;klrka lsuka HkaGkfd;ka bekjrka --------- --------- ------- --------- -------- 51

([k) Cgknjh lykeh cx?kh gokbz --------- --------- ------- --------- (x) ljdkjh QkSth jk'v ifr ea=h --------- --------- ------- --------- (?k) tuojh lsfud ujkyh NCch --------- --------- ------- --------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 4- fnÿks xsns 'kcnsa nk okd;sa p Á;ksx djks %& Ëkwe&Ëkke ---------------------------------------------------- HkaGkfd;ka ---------------------------------------------------- jktëkkuh ---------------------------------------------------- >amk ---------------------------------------------------- lqvkxr ---------------------------------------------------- 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh LgsbZ :isa p fy[kks %& cxxh ----------------------- lsud ----------------------- jk"v ifr ----------------------- lokxr ----------------------- pkafd;ka ----------------------- cknjh ----------------------- lekur ----------------------- Qksth ----------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa nk KkuA 52

vë;kidsa vklrs funsz"k bl ikb p rjaxk] >amk] dkjukek vkfn vkdkjkar iqfyax 'kcn rs ujkyh] lykeh] >kadh cxsjk bzdkjkar L=hfyax 'kcn cjrks, ns ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ bans cgqopu cukus nk vh;kl djkua ft*;ka %& rjaxk rjaxs ujkyh ujkfy;ka >amk >ams lykeh lykfe;ka dkjukek dkjukes >kadh >kafd;ka gksj mnkgj.k ch nsua 53

ikb 12 ccksj ns eanj [kqnkbz daëkka Bhdjs euds flddk n'kk jdck dfm+;ka mchkjeka ltksv Fk*Ee eami ccksj ns eanj teew Fkeka 50 fdyksehvj nwj mÿkj&ipne nh fn'kk p ua ccksj dksyk ekulj 8 fdyksehvj,sa ccksj ns yksd vk[kns u ts 'kq: p brfks 13 eanj gsa gwu flqz iat&ns xs yhkns ua ccksj ns [kamjsa p fd'k [kqnkbz ch dhrh xsbz gha bl [kqnkbz p irfkjsa fn;ka daëkka] Bhdjs] euds cxsjk ijkfu;ka phtka fefy;ka fg;kaa blls Fkkg~jk pk d'ehjs ns jktdy'k (bz- 1063&1089) nk bd flddk ch feysvk gka tsg~m+s iat&ns eanj vtt ch feyns u mans pk nsoh eanj rs f'ko eanj Bhd&Bhd n'kk p ua nsoh eanjs nk jdck 54

35 25 QqV,sA NŸkS ij irfkjsa fn;ka 15 QqV yfee;ka dfm+;ka isbz fn;ka ua eanjs ns ckg~j daëksa ij mchkjeka fp=sa nh cm+h ltksv gh] ij lesa duus gwu feglh xsbz nh,sa njksvkts ns ckg~j Fk*EeS miij edj&ckfguh xaxk nh ewfrz,sa f'ko eanj lhkusa eanjsa Fkeka cïk,sa 'kq: p bl eanjs nk eami rs idjeka 24 Fk*Eesa ns LgkjS [km+ksrs ns gsa bans pk vî Fk*Ee vtsa ch [km+ksrs ns ua b*usa eanjsa Fkeka fd'k nwj dksbz 400 xt mÿkj&ipne iklls] fvyys ij bd f'koky; cus nk,sa nsoh eanjs vkaxj,g~ns p ch vkys&nqvkys ns yksd iwtk djns ua vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) ccksj ns eanj teew Fkeka fduus fdyksehvj nwj u\ ([k) yksdsa ns erkcd ccksj p dqy fduus eanj gs rs gwu fduus jsgh xsns u\ (x) [kqnkbz ijsur ccksj ns [kamjsa p dsg~&dsg~ phtka fefy;ka\ (?k) nsoh eanjk nk dqy jdck fduuk,s\ ( ) ccksj ns eanjsa p lc Fkeka cïk eanj dsg~m+k,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& mÿkj&ipne daëkka Bhdjs euds ------------ -------- -------- -------- 55

flddk jdck dfm+;ka ltksv -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % LgsbZ i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa pk LgsbZ 'kcn rkfy;s [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& (d) ccksj Fkeka ekulj ------------- fdyksehvj nwj,sa (vî @ lksyka) ([k) bl [kqnkbz p ------------- fn;ka daëkka fefy;ka ua (feíh @ irfkj) (x) nsoh eanj rs f'ko eanj ------------- n'kk p ua (vpnh @ cqjh) (?k) NŸkS ij ------------- fn;ka ianjka QqV yfee;ka dfm+;ka isbz fn;ka ua (ydm+h @ irfkj) ( ) f'ko eanj lhkusa Fkeka ------------- eanj,sa (fuddk @ cïk) mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcn&á;ksx duus okd;&iw r nk vh;kla 4- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& [kqnkbz --------------------------------------------------- daëkka --------------------------------------------------- euds --------------------------------------------------- nsoh --------------------------------------------------- dfm+;ka --------------------------------------------------- 56

njksvktk xaxk ewfrz --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------- 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh 'kqº dfj;s fy[kks %& dhyksehvj ------------------ nh'kk ------------------ [kwnkbz ------------------ lhddk ------------------ dm+h;ka ------------------ lktksv ------------------ eqfrz ------------------ ekami ------------------ vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa nh tkudkjha finys ikb p djk, xsns vkdkjkar iqfyax 'kcnas rs bzdkjkar L=hfyax 'kcnsa ns cgqopu cukus ljcaëkh Kku xh bl ikb p cjrks, ns 'kcnsa ns gokys duus gksj lqn`<+ dhrk tka ft*;ka %& ijkfu;ka ijkuh Bhdjs Bhdjk yfee;ka euds gksj mnkgj.k ch fnÿks tkua 57

ikb 13 #Rrka lksgk isanh Max rax Maxj fcirk yedkuk L;ky #D[k,sar teeuk vkg~ym+k L;ky BaM L;kyw jkr ch yeeh dksjk tank jkst xs teeha cwg~vsa ns gks, iÿkj ihys] BaMw duus grfk ch uhysa isanh vkg~ym+ sa ns fcpp cksag~ns] lksgk lksgs nh fnfd[k;s ËkqIi] cwg~vsa isanh gks, ns pqiia jkrha epnj ykank Max] fnusa djs nh ed[kh raxa Maxjsa miij fcirk NkbZ] thhk NksM+h dqrrsa yedkbza 58

yksd jtkb;ka ysb;s lksansa clsar gksbz xsvk BaMw nk,sar] vkbz iqtth vtt clsara vacs nh gj Mkg~Yyh&Mkg~Yyh] dks;y cksyys dkyh&dkyha QqYy pcd[kh f[km+ns ychku] cm+s vksg~ I;kjs&I;kjs yxxua ir>m+ uax&euqaxs cwg~vs gksbz xs] Ëkqansa dksjsa fcpp eyksbz xsa QqYysa nh rs xyy xs eqddh] iÿkj >fm+;s xs u lqddha ihys gksbz xs nccm+ lsyys] IgkM+ ch gksbz xs esys&esysa #D[ksa lqdds Mkg~Yys FgksbZ xs] uax&euqaxs cwg~vs gksbz xsa 59

vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) dsg~m+h #ŸkS p epnj efd[k;ka rax djns u\ ([k) jkrka yfee;ka dnwa gksbz tafn;ka u\ (x) cwg~vs uaxs gksus nk eryc dsg~,s\ (?k) rqlsaxh dsg~m+h #Ÿk 'ksy yxnh,s rs dh yxnh,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- gsb fnÿks ns okd;sa vxxsa ljcaëkr #Ÿksa ns uka fy[kks %& ft*;ka %& dqÿks thhk yedkbz vksm+ns ua (lksgs) (d) dksjk teeh tank,s ------------------- ([k) yksd jtkb;ka ysb;s lksans u ------------------- (x) cwg~vs uaxs gksbz tans u ------------------- (?k) vacs nh Mkg~Yyh&Mkg~Yyh dks;y cksynh,s -------- ( ) QqYy f[km+u yxns u -------- mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr rs fopkj&'kfdr nk fodkla 3- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& tsb epnj fcirk dksjk -------- -------- -------- -------- iÿkj isanh ihyk uhyk -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 60

4- okd; iwjs djks %& (d) jkrha epnj ykank Max fnus ----------------- ([k) Maxjsa miij fcirk NkbZ thhk NksM+h ----------------- (x) cwg~vsa ns gks, iÿkj ihys BaMw ----------------- (?k) vacs nh gj Mkg~Yyh&Mkg~Yyh dks;y ----------------- mn~ns'; % (i) Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla (ii) okd;&iwfrz nk vh;kla 5- #Ÿksa duus ljcaëkr dksbz gksj dfork vius vë;kid 'kk iqfpn;s psrs djksa mn~ns'; % (i) fo'ks&kku nk fodkla (ii) dfork xh ys p i<+us nk vh;kla 6- i<+ks rs fy[kks %& uax&euqaxs cwg~vs gksbz xsa ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % i<+us rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 61

vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ finysa ikbsa p i<+h fn;sa lakk,a nk Lgkjk ysans gksbz bl ikb p cjrksbz fn;sa inkfkzokpd lakk,a μ cwg~vs] isanh] epnj] Maxj] dqÿks] iÿkj] grfk] vkg~ym+s] vac] QqYy] nccm+] thhk] jtkb;ka] dks;y rs Hkkookpd lakk,a μ fcirk] BaM] Ëkqan],sar] lksgk] L;ky] clsar cxsjk p QdZ le>kans gksbz inkfkzokpd rs Hkkookpd lakk,a ns QdZ xh Li'V dfj;s bl lanhkz p m*usaxh tkudkjh djku rs gksj&gksj mnkgj.ksa ns Á;ksx duus mank Kku cëkkua 62

ikb 14 ekulj >hy [km+qÿk HkaMkj vuks[kk vklfkk lrg lsykuh fuezy rkjh fd'rh fpfm+;k?kj fcpjuk nqyzhk ikuh ns [km+qÿk HkaMkj xh >hy vk[ksvk tank,sa teew&d'ehj Áns'k viuh dqnjrh lqanjrk vklrs e'gwj,s rs >hyka ch,g~nh dqnjrh lqanjrk nk bd vax ua b*usa cuu&lcuuh >hysa p xs ekulj >hy ch vius vuks[ks 'kysis rs vklfkk vkg~yk Fkkg~j gksus djh e'gwj,sa 63

ekulj >hy teew 'kk 60 fdyksehvj ns fnams ij,sa,g~ 1200 ehvj yeeh rs 800 ehvj pksm+h,sa leqanjh lrg Fkeka,g~ >hy 700 ehvj nh mapkbz miij flfkr,sa,g~ >hy lsykfu;sa ns vkd'kzu vkg~yh Fkkg~j,sA nwjk&nwjk ns yksd brfks lsj djus xh vksans u rs >hy ns fuezy rs lkq&lqfkjs ikuh p rkfj;ka ekjh&ekfj;s uan ysans ua >hy nh lsj djus ysbz fdf'r;sa nh O;oLFkk ch,s rs yksd fdf'r;sa p csfg~;s >hyk nh lsj djns ua >hy ns dksy xs bd fpfm+;k?kj ch,s ftl p taxyh xeka] fgj.k] ckjkflaxs cxsjk tkuoj fcpjns yhkns ua fiatjs nh dsn p dqrs&dqrs fjpn ch jd[ks ns ua lsj djus vkg~ys b*usa nqyzhk tkuojsa xh fnfd[k;s jksekapr gksans ua lsjxkg~ gksus ns duus&duus ekulj >hy yksdsa nh vklfkk duus ch tqm+h nh,sa yksd brfks vkfu;s euurka eaxns u rs iwfj;ka gksus ij brfks tx cxsjk fnans ua vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) >hy dqlh vk[kns u\ ([k) ekulj >hy fdl vklrs e'gwj,s\ 64

(x) (?k) ( ) ekulj >hy leqanjh lrg Fkeka fduuh mpkbz miij,s\ >hy p tkus ysbz dsg~ O;oLFkk,s\ lsj ns bykok ekulj >hy nk gksj dsg~ EgŸko,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& [km+qÿk lqanjrk >hy 'kysik -------- -------- -------- -------- e'gwj lsykuh vkd'kzu fuezy -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& HkaMkj --------------------------------------------------- Áns'k --------------------------------------------------- dqnjr --------------------------------------------------- leqanj --------------------------------------------------- mpkbz --------------------------------------------------- lkq --------------------------------------------------- O;oLFkk --------------------------------------------------- lsjxkg~ --------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 65

4- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa pk LgsbZ 'kcn cjfr;s [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& (d) ikuh ns [km+qÿk HkaMkj xh ------------- vk[kns ua (njsvk @ >hy) ([k) teew&d'ehj Áns'k viuh ------------- lqanjrk vklrs e'gwj,sa (eluwbz @ dqnjrh) (x) ekulj >hy leqanjh lrg Fkeka ------------- ehvj nh mapkbz ij flfkr,sa (lÿk lks @ uks lks) (?k) >hy p gksj vxxsa tkus ysbz ------------- nh O;oLFkk,sA (fdf'r;sa @ 'krghfj;sa) ( ) yksd brfks vkfu;s ------------- eaxns ua (euurka @ ikuh) mn~ns'; % LgssbZ 'kcnsa ns Á;ksx duus okd;&iwfr nk vh;kla 5- ekulj >hy miij dksbz iat okd; fy[kksa mn~ns'; % jpukred ÁfrHkk nk vh;kla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p e'gwj] dqnjrh] vuks[kk] nqyzhk] taxyh 'kcn fo'ks'ku ua vë;kid fo kffkz;sa xh b*usa 'kcnsa ns gokys duus fo'ks'ku&á;ksx nh tkudkjh nsu rs gksj mnkgj.k nsb;s fo'ks'ku&á;ksx ljcaëkh Kku xh lqn`<+ djua 66

ikb 15,ds nh rkdr L;kuk vm+ns xyk;k tus I;ks HkjksVk eqm+h usm+k Hkysvka xyy tqv~v yksd mlus bd fnu m*usaxh lnk;k] Áse ns duus gh le>k;ka fnÿkh m*usaxh bd&bd ydm+h] ysbz lkjsa grfks fcp idm+ha gh xyk;k xyy,g~ euuks] vtt rqlsaxh xyy lukuuka] bd djlku gk cm+k L;kukA gksvk bd fnu cm+k cekj] iqÿkj ch gs vksg~ns pkja ij jksag~ns gs lnk vksg~ ym+ns] xyys&xyys ij vksg~ vm+nsa lc tus gwu b*usaxh HkUuksA iys p lkjsa HkUuh vksfm+;ka] 67

vkfu;s I;ks ns dksy NksfM+;kaA I;ks us gh bd cºk HkjksVk] xyk;k eqm+h djks VksVk&VksVkA lkjsa yk;k tksj cfgsjk fcan HkjksVk gksvk fua usm+ka [khj vksg~ lkjs vddh&iddh] I;ks d'k iqtts Hkysvka FkDdhA I;ks us vk[ksvk lquks gwu xyy] rqanh ym+kbz nk gksbz xsvk gyya b*;ka ts gksbz tkvks bd&tqv~v] fevh tk rqanh lkjh QqV~VA yksd fua rqlsaxh j~gkbz ldns] rql lkjsa xh <kbz ldnsa vh;kl 1- gsb fy[ks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) djlkus ns fduus iqÿkj gs\ ([k) iqÿkjsa nh ym+kbz [kre djus ysbz djlkus us dsg~ rjdhc cjrh\ (x) flbd&bd ydm+h =qíh xsbz ij HkjksVk usb± =qísvkfi bl 'kk dsg~ f'k{kk feynh,s\ 68

(?k),ds nk dsg~ EgŸko,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 1- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& HkjksVk ---------------------------------------------------- djlku ---------------------------------------------------- L;kuk ---------------------------------------------------- grfk ---------------------------------------------------- vm+uk ---------------------------------------------------- iqÿkj ---------------------------------------------------- ym+kbz ---------------------------------------------------- QqV~V ---------------------------------------------------- VksVk ---------------------------------------------------- tksj ---------------------------------------------------- 2- vëkwjs okd;sa xh iwjk djks %& vtt rqlsaxh xyy lukuuka bd djlku gk ------------------------------ gksvk bd fnu ------------------------------- iqÿkj ch gs ----------------------------------- mlus bd fnu ------------------------------- Áse ns duus ---------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk KkuA mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla 69

3- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& djlku L;kuk cekj iqÿkj -------- -------- -------- -------- le>k;k HkUuh dksy Hkysvka -------- -------- -------- -------- mìs'; %& i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 4- bl dfork xh psrs dfj;s tekrk p lukvksa mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkl rs dko;&ikb nk vh;kla 5- i<+ks rs fy[kks %& b*;ka ts gksbz tkvks bd&tqv~v ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- fevh tk rqanh lkjh QqV~V ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % dfork&ikb nk vh;kla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p xyk;k] lnk;k] vm+ns] ym+ns cxsjk fÿ;k&'kcn cjrks, ns ua vë;kidsa xh yksm+nk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa xh fÿ;k&á;ksx ckjs yksm+pnh tkudkjh nsua ft*;ka %& vm+uk μ vm+svk vm+nk vm+x ym+uk μ ym+svk ym+nk ym+x blls pkyyh gksj fÿ;k,a ns ch mnkgj.k nsvksa 70

ikb 16 Hkkik lozgl uan djrc j rkj csag~ VEeu LVwy eqamh jksekap lq[klkan fugkyi fpîh vknjtksx Hkkik th] pj.k canuka b*usa fnusa feuuh LVsfM;e] mëkeiqj bp lozgl yxxh nh,sa dy v* a vius nkslrsa duus lozgl fnd[kus xh xsvk gk] cm+k uan vk;ka vknfe;sa ns duus&duus fd'k tkuojsa ns djrc ch j~gku djh nsus vkg~ys gsa fd'k bd djrcsa ckjs rqlsaxh lukuukaa bd eksvj lkbdy miij ckjka vkneh lqvkj gks, ns gsa eksvj lkbdy pykus vkg~yk rka ch mlxh cm+h rst j rkj p pyk djnk gk] b*;ka lsgh gksank gk gwus eksvj lkbdy fmxxh iksxa lkjs [kwc rkfm+;ka ctk djns gsa b*;ka xs bd vkneh dksbz ia*th&=hg~ QqV nh mapkbz ij ct>h nh bd iryh jllh ij buuk xs mppk csag~ nk VEeu ysb;s b*;ka jksvkj&ikj gksbz xsvk ft*;ka vke jlrs p pyk nk gks,sa bd 71

gksj [ks<s bp bd ekg~uw us 'ksjs nh lksvkjh dfj;s lkjsa fn;ka ËkM+duka cëkkbz fnfrr;kaa blns bykok bd gkfkh dksbz pkj&iat QqV pksm+s yksgs ns LVwy ij b*;ka [km+ksrk ts lkjs j~gku gksbz xsa bd xëkk vius eklvj fn;sa xyysa ns eqamh Ygkb;S ^gka* tka ^ukag~* p tokc nsvk nk gk] rs dksbz Ugkrs nk tka usb±] lpp&lpp nllk nk gka gksj ch jksekapr djus vkg~fy;ka efr;ka [ks<ka fg;kaa esa rs esjs nkslr lozgl fnfd[k;s ers [kq'k gsa ckdh?kj lc lq[klkan,sa rqanh fpv~bh nh fugkyi jksg~xa rqank fuddk Hkzk vk;zeu vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) lozgl dqlh vk[kns u\ ([k) (x) vk;zeu us vius cm~ms Hkzk xh eksvj lkbdy ns dsg~m+s djrc ckjs fy[ksvk gk\ jllh ij pyus vkg~yk vkneh vius fdl djrc duus fnd[kus vkg~ysa xh j~gku djs nk gk\ 72

(?k) ( ) gkfkh ns drjc nh tkudkjh nsvksa ldzl vkg~ys xëks nh dsg~ [kklh;r gh\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- i<+ks] le>ks rs fy[kks %& uan djrc lkbdy mapkbz -------- -------- -------- -------- VEeu eqamh jksekapr lq[klkan -------- -------- -------- -------- mn~ns'; % i<+us] cksyus rs fy[kus nk vh;kla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& eksvj --------------------------------------------------- rkfm+;ka --------------------------------------------------- [ks< --------------------------------------------------- lqvkjh --------------------------------------------------- LVwy --------------------------------------------------- eqamh --------------------------------------------------- lpp --------------------------------------------------- fpv~bh --------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 73

4- lozgl fn;sa dq*usa =* a [ks<sa ckjs fy[kksa mn~ns'; % jpukred ÁfrHkk nk fodkla 5- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa xh 'kqº dfj;s fy[kks %& Lokj ------------------ rst ------------------ xs;k ------------------ rm+du ------------------ :ekapr ------------------ erh;ka ------------------ ljdl ------------------ mn~ns'; % LgsbZ fgttsa nk KkuA vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p mëkeiqj] LVsfM;e] lozgl] uan] vkneh] tkuoj] djrc] eksvj lkbdy] j rkj] jllh] VEeu] gkfkh] ËkM+du] eqamh] tokc] [ks<] nkslr cxsjk lakk 'kcn cjrks, ns ua vë;kidsa xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ fo kffkz;sa ns lakk,a ljcaëkh finys Kku xh nj~gkans gksbz b*usa 'kcnsa nk oxhzdj.k djkua 74

ikb 17 [ks<sa nk EgŸko ckdch nkslr dljr ran#lr tekrh vpnk ejht i<+kdw fnyplih lqlr HksBk vccy cppw cjckn ËkUuokn,sud psru & ds'ko],g~ tkxr dq*u,s\ rwa,g~ns duus ckdch usb± djksvkbza ds'ko &,g~ esjk tekrh,s] ekek tha psru & vpnk! rsjk tekrh,sa esa le>svk,g~ rsjs nkslrs nk fuddk Hkzk,sA 75

ds'ko & (glns&glns),g~ esjs d'kk Ns Eghus cm~mk,s] ekewa psru & (tkxrs xh dqvkyns) dsg~ uka,s rsjk] csvs\ tkxr & th] xksre oekza ds'ko & cm+k i<+kdw,s ekewa gj lky tekrk p vccy vksank,sa psru & vpnk rs [ks<sa p\ ds'ko & blh [ks<sa p dksbz fnyplih usb±,s] gj csyys i<+nk xs jksag~nk,sa rka xs rs blh,sud yxxh xsbz nh,sa psru & i<+uk rs Bhd,s] cppw] ij [ks<uk ch cm+k t:jh,sa (tkxrs xh) csvs] rqxh nkslrsa duus [ks<uk paxk usb± yxnk] dsg~\ xksre & Ldwy [ks<sa nh?ksavh p [ks<uk gksuukaa ds'ko & ekew],g~ns?kjk ns lc vk[kns u ts [ks<sa p fgllk ysus duus leka cjckn gksank,sa b*uus 'ksy if<+;s MkDVj cuuk,sa psru & rka rs xksre csvs xh t:j [ks<ka [ks<fu;ka pkgh& fn;ka ua vkiwa ran#lr jksg~x rka xs rs ejhtsa xh ch jkth djh ldxa,g~ vkiwa ch buuk detksj rs lqlr 76

[kcjs usb± [ks<us djh xs gksuka ds'ko &,g~ #Íh ch cm+h?kí [kank,sa bd fuddh gkjh ÁkSaBh vkag~nh nh gksanh,s] LdwyA psru & [kjkd ipkus vklrs ch dljr djus nh yksm+ gksanh,sa [ks<ka 'kjhj xh ujksvk j[kfn;ka ua [kkºk&ihrk lc gte gksbz tank,sa ds'ko & ekew] vl blh [ks<us ysbz cm+k ln~nus vka ij,g~ vn~ëkh NqÍh p ch drkcka QfM+;S csbk jksag~nk,sa psru & rka rs blns nkslr ch?kí xs gksus ua [ks<sa p fgllk ysvks rka nkslr&feÿkj ch cuns ua vkiaw&psa I;kj ch cëknk,sa 'ksy&'ksy xyyka fld[kus nk eksdk feynk,sa xksre & Bhd,s] ekek th esa gwu [ks<k dj A ds'ko & erk&erk ËkUuokn ekew (vkf[k;s nks,s tkxr LVstk nh finyh HksBk fudyh tans ua)! vh;kl 1- gsb fnÿks ns lqvkysa ns tokc fy[kks %& (d) ds'ko ns tekrh nk dsg~ uka,s\ ([k) xksre dh detksj rs lqlr,s\ 77

(x) (?k) ( ) [ks<ka [ks<uk dh t:jh gksank,s\ ekek th nh xyy&ckr lqfu;s xksre dsg~ QSlyk djnk,s\ xksre ns [ks<us ckjs QSlys xh lqfu;s ds'ko ekek th xh dsg~ vk[knk,s\ mn~ns'; % ikb nk psrk nj~gkuka 2- dqlus] dqlxh vk[ksvk %& (d) flrwa,g~ns duus ckdch usb± djksvkbzafi ([k) flc<+k i<+kdw,s] ekewafi (x) flvkiwa ran#lr jksg~x rka xs rs ejhtsa xh ch jkth djh ldxafi (?k) flbhd,s vtts dksyk [ks<k dj Afi mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa duus okd; iwjs djks %& i<+kdw] fnyplih] tekrh] vccy (d),g~ esjk ----------------,sa ([k) blh [ks<sa p dksbz ---------------- usb±,sa (x) cm+k ----------------,s ekewa (?k) gj lky tekrk p ---------------- vksank,sa mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcnsa duus okd;&iwfrz nk KkuA 4- gsb fnÿks ns okd;sa nk 'kcn&ÿe Bhd djks %& 78

ft*;ka %& mn~ns'; % LgsbZ 'kcn&ÿe nk KkuA 5- [ks<sa ns EgŸko ckjs iat okd; fy[kks %& ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- mn~ns'; % jpukred ÁfrHkk nk fodkla vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k bl ikb p lqlr] ran#lr] vccy] ujksvk] i<+kdw cxsjk fo'ks'ku Á;qDr gks, ns ua vë;kid b*usa fo'ks'kusa ns gokys duus fo kffkz;sa nk fo'ks'ku&á;ksx ljcaëkh Kku ijfr;s nj~gku rs m*usaxh gksj&gksj elkyka nsb;s fo'ks'ku&á;ksx p manh tkudkjh cëkkua 79

ikb 18 QykSg~fu;ka [kkdh lnk i'kkdka vki&eqgkjk v*uuk lsd cqrrk ujkyh jksyh HkRr dksyyk lwgk 1- vanjsa yky rs ckg~jsa [kkdh] ikanh lnk i'kkdka nksa HkUuh [kku L;kyS mlxh] Hkyk cqt>svks dsg~,s vksg~ 2- bd i[ks: vki&eqgkjk] uka,s ftlnk ËkUuk Ugsjk iksans [kq*yfn;ka vd[kha] fnu p<+ns gh v*uuk 3- cqt>ks dksg~dh pht,s] tsg~dh& lsds duus <ynha ikuh vkaxj rksik&rksik cxnh] tsyys cynh 80

4- fljs ns Hkkj Vaxks, nk jksag~nk] fnd[kks mlnk cqrrka lksgs nh Cgkjk upps&[ks<s] j*os L;kyS lqrrk 5- pquuh 'kkg~ nh gíh fnd[kh] pht ujkyh vkbza vxx N~gksans xs mïjh ullh] xklk jksyh ikbz 6- fpík HkRr rs dksyyk lwgk] [kkuk rksys&rksysa cqt>ks gka],g~ dsg~m+k inkfkz] [kkuk tks lusa dksyys 7- dejs vanj dejk fuddk lkx lfct;sa vkg~yka ckg~jsa ËkqIi dm+dnh fduuh] vanj Hkj L;kyk vh;kl 81

2- [kkyyh Fkkg~j iqj djks %& vanjsa yky rs ckg~jsa [kkdh ikanh ------------------- HkUuh [kku ------------------- Hkyk ------------------- pquuh 'kkg~ ------------------- pht ------------------- vxx ------------------- xklk ------------------- mn~ns'; % fo'ks&kku nk fodkla mn~ns'; % Lej.k&'kfDr nk fodkla 3- gsb fnÿks ns 'kcnsa ns okd; cukvks %& yky] L;kyk] i[ks:] v*uuk] pht mn~ns'; % okd;&jpuk nk vh;kla 4- Jqrys[k %& i'kkdka] cqt>svk] vki&eqgkjk] cqÿkk] dm+dnh] L;kyk mn~ns'; % lqfu;s LgsbZ fy[kus nk vh;kla QykSg~fu;sa ns gy %& 1- eqaxqyh 2- myyw 3- eksecrrh 4- id[kk 5- gokbz ivk[kk 6- vkbzlÿhe 7- f t 82

Mksxjh iqlrdekyk 3 (rhljh tekrs vklrs) n teew&d'ehj LVsV cksmz vkwi+g Ldwy,twds'ku

isg~yk laldj.k] nlecj 2008 11 T-December, 2009 teew d'ehj LVsV cksmz vkwq Ldwy,twds'ku] 2008 MkW- 'ks[k+ c'khj vgen] lsÿsvjh] Áks- jsuw xkslokeh] tkw;av lsÿsvjh ifcyds'ku rs lh-mh-vkj- fo ns vu; lnl; nh fnd[k&fjd[k p Ádk'kr dhrh xsbza dei;wvj VkbZi lsfvax %& dksgyh xzkfqdl] dpph Nkouh] teewa FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION lsÿsvjh] n teew&d'ehj LVsV cksmz vkwi+g Ldwy,twds'ku iklsvk Ádk'kr 84 iv

Mksxjh iqlrd ekyk 3 (rhljh tekrs vklrs) laiknd eamy Áks- peik 'kekz Áks- oh.kk xqirk MkW- 'kf'k ibkfu;k Jh dqynhi osn MkW- culh yky 'kekz Jh lqjthr flag cm+lkyh 85 iii

nks 'kcn Mksxjh fj;klr teew&d'ehj nh nwbz Áeq[k Hkk'kk,s rs teew f[kÿks nh isg~yh Áeq[k Hkk'kkA fj;klrk p foëkkud rksjk ij ekurk ÁkIr Hkk'kk,a ns fodkl rs [kklrksjk ij f'k{kk ns [ksrjk p b*usa Hkk'kk,a nh i<+kbz xh ÁksRlkgu nsus nh fteesnkjh fj;klrh Ldwyh f'k{kk cksmz nh,sa cksmz us viuh bl fteesnkjh xh uhkkus nh fn'kk p Mksxjh xh ÁkbZejh Lrj Fkeka i<+kus cd[kh xsa cëkkbz,sa Qyl:i Mksxjh iqlrdekyk (Hkkx&1) isg~yh tekrk ysbz] Mksxjh iqlrdekyk (Hkkx&2) nwljh tekrk ysbz rs Mksxjh iqlrdekyk (Hkkx&3) rhljh tekrk ysbz R;kj dhfr;ka xsb;ka ua Mksxjh iqlrdekyk Hkkx&3 xh R;kj djus vkg~ysa p Áks- peik 'kekz] Áks- oh.kk xqirk] MkW- 'kf'k ibkfu;k] MkW- calhyky 'kekz] Jh lqjthr flag cm+lkyh rs Jh dqynhi osn gksjsa viuk lfÿ; ;ksxnku fnÿkk,sa esa laiknd eamy ns b*usa lhkusa lnl;sa nk cm+k ËkUuoknh vkaa Áks- yfyr exks=k ft*usa lkb±l fo'ks duus lexzh Ánku dfj;s bl iqlrd xh vkëkqfud lanhkz Ánku dhrk esa mans Áfr ch viuk vkhkkj ÁdV djukaa esa bl iqlrd xh Nkius rs etwnk l:i nsus vklrs vius lsg;ksfx;sa μ MkW- 'ks[k c'khj vgen lsÿsvjh rs Mk;jSDVj vdsmfedl ts-,.m ds-,twds'ku cksmz] Áks- jsuw xkslokeh] tk;av lsÿsvjh ifcyds'kul] ts-,.m ds-,twds'ku cksmz] Jh lqjsuê eksgu egktu] fmivh Mk;jSDVj vdsmfedl] teew fmoht+u] eksgeen tehy rs lh-mh-vkjfoax ns dezpkfj;sa nk ËkUuoknh vka ft*usa bl iqlrd xh csyys flj R;kj djus p iwjk lsg;ksx fnÿkka fexh iwjk fo'okl,s ts Mksxjh iqlrdekyk Hkkx&3 fo kffkz;sa ysbz Mksxjh Hkk'kk i<+us] fy[kus rs fopkj&vfhko;fdr djus nh fn'kk p mi;ksxh flº gksxa Áks- ns'kcaëkq xqirk psvjesu n teew,.m d'ehj LVsV cksmz vkwq Ldwy,stwds'ku 86 v

vë;kidsa vklrs Mksxjh iqlrdekyk Hkkx&3 rhljh tekrk ns fo kffkz;sa ysbz R;kj dhrh xsbz,sa Mksxjh iqlrdekyk Hkkx&2 rxj fo kffkz;sa xh yksg~fd;sa&yksg~fd;sa dfork,a] Dgkfu;sa] vuqpnsn cxsjk xh i<+us ns bykok 'kjhj ns vaxsa] g rs ns fnusa] jaxsa] bzloh rs foÿeh Eghusa rs ekslesa ns uk,a rs lks rxj nh fxurjh ckjs Kku djksvk;k xsnk,sa bl iqlrd p Bkjka ikb u ft*uns p Ns dforka] nks Dgkfu;ka] lÿk ys[k] bd,dkadh ukvd] bd fpîh rs fd'k QykSg~fu;ka 'kkey ua b*usa ikbsa p cppsa nh #fp rs etwnk ifjos'k rs Kku&foKku ljcaëkh t:jrsa xh Ë;kuk p j[kns gksbz ikb~;&lexzh nk fuekz.k dhrk xsvk,s_ ftl p usfrd f'k{kk] lsgr&lqkbz] lekt lalœfr] Ákns'kd rs jk'v h EgŸkk ns Fkkg~j] bfrgkld O;fDrRo] fokku vkfn duus ljcaëkr fo'ks Áeq[k ua bl iqlrd ns vë;;u duus cppsa nh Mksxjh 'kcnkoyh nh tkudkjh p ckn~ëkk gksx] LgsbZ i<+us rs fy[kus ns ckj&ckj vh;kl duus 'kqº mppkj.k rs ys[ku Kku lqn`<+ gksx rs cksyus rs fy[kus nk Áokg~ ch cëkxa fo kfkhz nwljh tekrk rxj Mksxjh Lojsa rs O;atusa nk Kku djh vk, ns u rs duus Iyqr&fp*Uu( ) rs lqj&fp*uu ( * ) nk ch] ij gh ch vë;kidsa xh yksm+pnk,s ts bl iqlrd ns ikbsa p ftrfks ch,g~ fp*uu ijfr;s cjrksu (ft*;ka HkqGdka ] uka ] jis cxsjk 'kcnsa p ^ * rs c*uns] b*usa] t*m+sa cxsjk 'kcnsa p ^ * *) bans ys[ku rs mppkj.k nk Kku nj~gkans gksbz vh;kl iddk djksvkua iqlrd p lhkusa ikbsa ns var p ^vë;kidsa vklrs funsz'k* fljuka ns rsg~r fo kffkz;sa ns Hkk'kk ljcaëkh Kku xh fodlr djus vklrs O;kdjf.kd tkudkjh ljcaëkh fgnk;rka fnfÿk;ka xsfn;ka u] ft*uns p lakk,a nh iunku] lakk,a p fyax rs opu Á;ksx nk Kku] fo'ks'kusa ljcaëkh tkudkjh] fo'ks'kusa p fyax rs opu Á;ksx nh tkudkjh rs fÿ;k&á;ksx p orzekudky] Hkwrdky] HkfoD[kdky nh tkudkjh nsus ns mìs'; duus ljcaëkr ikbsa p mnkgj.k fnans gksbz le>k;k xsnk,sa vë;kid xh pkfgnk,s ts vksg~ b*usa funsz'ksa erkcd fo kffkz;sa xh Mksxjh Hkk'kk ns O;kdjf.kd lqvkre ckjs Kku djku rs gksj&gksj elkyka nsb;s mans Kku xh fodlr dju rka ts fo kfkhz Hkk'kk ns 'kqº rs LgsbZ Á;ksx duus ifjfpr gksbz ldua Áks- oh.kk xqirk 87 vi

fo"k;&lwph ÿ-la- ikb i`"b 1- oanuk 1&4 2- esjk xzka 5&8 3- clk[kh nk esyk 9&14 4- tsls xh rslk 15&17 5- pkpk usg: 18&21 6- 'ksyw I;kjk 22&27 7- vej esg~y E;wft+;e 28&31 8- Ëkks[ksckt fxìm+ 32&37 9- =sy 38&42 10- L;kuk dka 43&47 11- NCch tuojh 48&53 12- ccksj ns eanj 54&57 13- #Rrka 58&62 14- ekulj >hy 63&66 15-,ds nh rkdr 67&70 16- fpîh 71&74 17- [ks<sa nk EgŸko 75&79 18- QykSg~fu;ka 80&82