GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati. kargard¾erkahfñak; karkarbarsiti manlmenadæanenakm<úca. [EMBARGOED FOR: 00:01 GMT, 26 September 2008]

[EMBARGOED FOR: 00:01 GMT, 26 September 2008] Public GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati kargard¾erkahfñak; karkarbarsiti manlmenadæanenakm<úca AI Index: ASA 23/014/2008 INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT, 1 EASTON STREET, LONDON WC1X 0DW, UNITED KINGDOM

matika esckþiepþim 1 etigñknacagñkkarbarsit imnuss? 3 esripabsmrab;karkarbarsit imnusskan;etceg óteta 5 GñktMNagshKmn_RbQmnwgeRKaHfñak; 5 extþ)at;dmbg³ karcab;xøüntamtmenigcitþnigsvnakargyutþifm 5 lmnaménkarcab;xøünnigkarvinicä½yedaygyutþifm 8 karkmramcab;xøünnigxumxamg. 10 mrnþisit imnuss 14 GñkXøaMemIlsiT imnuss 14 emfavicmnyyepñkc,ab; 19 esckþisnñidæan 20 Gnusasn_.22

esckþiepþim kargard¾erkahfñak; - karkarbarsit imanlmenadæanenakm<úca GñkkarBarsiT imnussefviskmµpabcabukálb culrymcamyygñkepsgetot edim,ielikkmbs;b karbar sit imnussedaymefüa)ayghigsanigsnþivifi. BYkeKedIrtYnaTId¾sMxan;kñúgkarkarBarnigelIk kmbs;sit imanlmenadæansmrmürbs;rbcacnkm< úcanigsit iepsg²etot EdlTak;TgeTAnwgkar rmelapsit imnussd¾f n;f r rymmankarbenþjecjedaybgçm. enaqñam2008 ek)andwgfarbcacnkm< úcarbman 150>000 nak;edlrs;enarbqm nwgkarbenþjecjedaybgçmbnþab;bimancemøahdiføi karrmelapdiføi nigkmeraggpivdæn_dmnamksi- ]ssahkmµnigkmeraggpivdæn_tirkugeligvij. ๑ enakñúggmlúgb: unµanqñamknøgetafµi²enh RbCaCn rab;mwunnak;rtuv)anbenþjecjedaybgçm efviegayrbcacnmyycmnynkµanpþhsem,g ehiygñk détetotrtuv)anpøas;bþúrtilmenaetakan;titamgfµiedlmancmerakminsmrmü EdlxVHxatehdæa rcnasm<½n xvhxatsmöar³erbir)as;cam)ac; duccabbaðagnam½y nig»kasttyl)ankargarefvi. kñúgr)aykarn_ecjpsayenakñúgexkumöö³qñam2008 GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati )anbgðajnuv vifiedlgacjafrxkxanmin)ankarbardl;rbcacn TaMgtampøÚvc,ab;nigkarGnuvtþpÞal; RbqaMgnwg karbenþjecjedaybgçm. pþúyetavijgñkedlmangmnacneya)ayb esdækic TaMgenaH )anrbrbwtþtamtmenigcitþedaykµanetas nuvkarrwbgusykdiføi. BYkeKRbRBwtþdUecñHedayshkar CamYyGaCJaFrmUldæantamviFIEdlecjeQµaHkmµsiT dinigkarecjbba a[benþjecjedaybgçm Edlminc,as;las; nigkarerbirbb½n tulakarxusedim,iraramgcnrgerkahminegaykarbarsit irbs; BYkeK. mankarbgðajegayexijfamansbaøafycuhbnþicbnþüc kñúgcemøahénkarbenþjecj edaybgçm. GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatidwgfamanCemøaHdIcMnYn60krNIenATUTaMgRbeTs km<úca Edl)anQanCakrNInaMmuxkñúgGMLúg6ExdMbUgénqñaM2008 edaytamry³karbenþj ecj karrbqamgtv:a GMeBIhigSa b krnitulakar. man13krnienakñúgcmenamkrnitamggs;enh ๑ srmab;karvipaksþibirbfanbtd¾tmlmtulayénkarbenþjecj sumemilr)aykarn_ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcati³ - {sit imnussrtuvekrmelap-karbenþjecjedaybgçmenarbhracanacrkkm<úca } ASA 23/02/2008.

2 KWCakarbeNþjecjedaybgçM EdlKN³kmµaFikarGgÁkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnúÞksiT iesdækic sgámkic nigvb,fm )ankmnt;faca{kar[ruheriecjcabenþahgasnñb CaGciéRnþy_BIlMenAdæan b diedayrbqamgnwgqnþ³rbs;bukál RKYsarb shkmn_ EdlBYkeKkan;kab; edaykµankarpþl;b TTYl)annUvkarkarBartamTMrg;pøÚvc,ab;smrmü b karkarbarepsgetoteliy}. ๒ karvaytémøcabenþahgasnñedayep kelirbb½n psbvpsay sarb½t man r)aykarn_ epsg² nigkarrbrs½ytak;tgcamyyskmµcndiføi elikeligfa y:agehacnas;man2800 RKYsarb 14>000nak; RtUv)anTTYlrgplb:HBal;edaysarkarbeNþjecjedaybgçMTaMg 13 krnienh. kñúggmlúgeblduckñaenh mangñkpumiy:agtic33nak;rtuv)ancab;xøün. 14nak;kñúg cmenamgñktamgenhrtuv)anedahelg ehiygñkedlenakñúgbn nakarrtuv)anecatrbkan;gmbi btelµis enaerkamc,ab;gu ntak; ๓ nigerkambtbbaøtþirbhµtnðénc,ab;pumi)alqñam2001 rymmankmhusefviegayxucxatrtbüsm,tþi nigkarrmelapelirtbsm,tþigñkdét. GñkEdlXuMxøÜn myycmnyn KWCaGñkPUmiFmµta GñkdéTeTot xøhkwcatmnagrbs;gñkpumicapøúvkarb minpøúvkar EdlGgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCaticat;TukBYkKat;faCaGñkkarBarsiT imnuss. ry³eblcagbirqñamknøgetaenh GgÁkarsiT imnusskñúgrsukgadhuk )anbuksrub cmnynskmµcndiføi EdleKcab;xøÜnrUmman ³ cmnyn)anekineligbi78nak;kñúgqñam2006 dl;149nak; kñúgqñam2007. kmeninenh KWRsbeTAnwgkarekIneLIgéncMnYnr)aykarN_ EdlecaTfab:Ulis )ancab;skmµcndiføiedaygyutþifm RBHraCGaCJa)aneFVIkarecaTRbkan;CabTelµIsRBhµTNÐ Edl minrtwmrtuvetaeliskmµcntamgenah nigmrnþirbtibtþc,ab;nigmrnþitulakar)ankmramcab;dak;kuk RbCaCnEdltv:aRbqaMgnwgCemøaHdIFøI. GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiRBYy)armÖfa vakwcaninñakarmyy EdlGñkmanRTBü niggñkmangmnackmbugerbir)as;\t iblrbs;xøünkan;etxøamgelig edim,ibmbitmat;gñkrbqamg ๒ KN³kmµaFikarTTYlbnÞúkEpñksiT iesdækic sgámkic nigvb,fm Gnusasn_rYmTI7 sm½yrbcumelikti16 1997 58 ³siT imanlmena dæansmrmü martati11 cmnuc1 énktikasbaøagnþrcatisþibisit iesdækic sgámkic nigvb,fm ³karbeNþjecjedaybgçM kfax½nðti3. ๓ btbbaøtþisþibirbb½n tulakar c,ab;rbhµtnðnignitivifirbhµtnðsrmab;gnuvtþenakñúgrbetskm<úcakñúgsm½ygnþrkal} ]tþmrkumrbwksa CatiCan;x<s;- esckþisermccitþenaéf TI10 kbaøa 1992.

3 rbs;xøün tamry³rbb½n yutþif mrbhµtnð. enaeblsmbafelidiføinigrkumepsg² bnþefivcmnyjdiføi nigkgvhxaténc,ab; )anefvi[esripabbmebjkargarrbs;gñkkarbarsit imnusskan;etceg óteta. kic Rbtibtþikarrbs;b:Ulis kñúgkarcab;xøün karxumxamg nigbtecatrbkan; RtUv)aneFVIeLIgedIm,I bmp½ynigdak;bin½ypakiedltn;exsaycagenakñúgcemøahdiføi b cmebahgñkedlrbqamgnwgkmerag GPivDÆn_ CaCagplRbeyaCn_énGMeBIyutþiF mbit². r)aykarn_segçbenhbgðajnuvbribt nigpþl;ca]tahrn_énkarrmelapsit irbs; GñkkarBarsiT imnuss EdleFVIkarelIkkMBs;siT idiføinigefvikarrbqamgnwgkarbenþjecjedaybgçm kñúgrbetskm<úca rvagqñam2006-2007 ehiygtßbtenhep kelikarcuhrsavrcavdl;muldæan rbs;ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcati Edl)aneFVIeLIgkñúgExmIna2008. karvayrbhareta eliskmµcnebbenh KWrMelaPbBaØtiþc,ab;siT imnussgnþrcatiedlfanasit iesripabbeba jmti sit iefvismakm sit iculrymrbcum nigsit iculrymkñúcivpabsafarn³. BYkeKRbqaMgeTAnwgesckþI Rbkasrbs;shRbCaCatisþIBIGñkkarBarsiT imnuss ๔ EdlqøúHbBa amgnigecglmgitgmbisit itamg enhedayepþatcabiesseligñkkarbarsit imnuss. kñúgkrnicaercin sit iepsg²etotrbs; GñkkarBarsiT imnussrtuvek)anrmelap rymmansit iesµipabkñacmebahmuxc,ab; nigrycput BIkarcab;xøÜn nig XuMXaMgtamTMenIgcitþ. ๕ etigñkkarbarsit imnusscanrna? GñkNamñak;edayminKitBImuxgarrbs;xøÜn GacCaGñkkarBarsiT imnuss³ karsmkal;bykek CaGñkkarBarsiT imnusscabzmkwbykekefvigviedlminemncagacibrbs;xøün. GñkkarBarsiT imnuss xøhkwca skmµcnsit imnussvic aciv³ CaGñkc,ab;EdleFVIkarGMBIkrNIsiT imnuss GñkkaEst shcibkmµkr b mrnþigpivdæn_. k¾b:uenþb:ulismñak; b taral,ieqµahmñak;edlmanskmµpabelik kmbs;karekarbsit imnussk¾gaccagñkkabarsit imnusspgedr. ๔ esckþieføgkarsþibisit inigkarttylxusrtuvrbs;bukál RkumnigGgÁkarsgÁm edim,ielikkmbs;nigkarbarsit imnussnigesripabcamuldæan RtUv)anGnum½tedaymhasnñi)atrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatienAéf TI8 mina 1999 ๕ marta14nigmarta9énktikasbaøagnþrcatisþibisit iblrdænigsit ineya)ay

4 GñkkaBarsiT imnussgacefviskmµpabedayxøünégpþal; b culrymcamyygñkepsgetoteta tamsmtßpabpþal;xøünb RbkbedayviC aciv³. manmnusscaercinkarbarsit imnussenaeblkmbug bmebjkargarrbs;xøün cmenkgñkepsgetotkøaycagñkkabarsit imnussedaysarskmµpabbukál pþal;xøün b CMhr EdlBYkeKRbkan;ykedIm,IelIkkMBs;siT imnuss. CarYmGñkkaBarsiT imnussmanlkçn³sm,tþicaercin. BYkeKTaMgGs;Kña ³ elikkmbs;ekalkarn_casklcamuldæan ³ enahkwmnusscatitamggs;man sit inigesckþiéføfñúresµi²kña edayminkitbiecndw BUCsasn_ CnCatiedIm b muxgardétetoteliy. ebþcjaefvi[sermc)annuvbtdæansit imnussgnþrcati ekarbsit inigesripabrbs;gñkdét etatamskmµpabpþal;xøünrbs;bykek skmµpabrbs;gñkkarbarsiti mnussrtuvetrbkbedaysnþivifi edim,ignuvtþetatamesckþi RbkassþIGMBIGñkkarBarsiT imnuss ehiyrtuvculkñúgbaküedlerbir)as;edayggákar elikelg etasgnþrcati. esckþirbkascasklsþigmbisit imnussniggnusbaøagnþrcatisþibisit imnuss EdlRbeTs km<úca)anpþl;bc ab½n manganupabgnuvtþpøúvc,ab;enakñúgrbetskm< úca tamry³marta31 énc,ab;rdæfmµnubaø qñam1993énrbetskm< úca. ๖ rdæfmµnubaøedlmanecgy:agc,as;las; k¾)ankarbarsiti irbcacnkm<úcarkb;rubkñúgkarculrymy:agskmµkñúgcivpabneya)ay esdækic sgámkic nig vb,fm marta35 nigsit iesripabxagkarbeba jmtirbs;xøün esripabxag sarb½t man esripabxagkare)ahbum<psay nigesripabxagkarrbcum marta41. manbukálnigrkumepsg²kmbugetbak;b½n kñúgvis½yedlbykekttylplb:hbal;edaypþal;bi karkarbarsit imnussedltak;tgetanwgkarbenþjecjedaybgçm ehiyggákarelikelgetas GnþrCati cat;tukbykekcagñkkarbarsit imnuss. kñúgcmenamgñktamgenhkwcagñktmnag shkmn_ pøúvkarnig minpøúvkar EdlkarBarsiTi manlmenadæansmrmü sit ittyl)ansuxpab nig sit icgrkg ๖ {marta31³ RBHraCaNacRkkm<úCaTTYlsÁal; nigekarbsit imnussducmanecgkñúgfmµnubaøénggákarshrbcacati esckþirbkasca sklsþibisit imnuss nigktikasbaøa RBmTaMgGnusBaØaTaMgLayTak;TgeTAnwgsiT imnuss sit inari nigsit ikumar.}

5 smakmedlbykekrs;ena. GñkdéTeTotrYmmanemFavIEdleFVIkarkñúgGgÁkarCMnYyEpñkc,ab; EdlCaGñkTTYlkan;erOgkþI edim,ipþl;karkamrtdl;shkmn_edlrbqmmuxnwgkarbenþjecj edaybgçm mrnþiggákarerkardæapi)aledlkmbugbegáinkaryl;dwggmbisit idiføi b CaGñksegátkar krnicemøahdiføi niggñkkaestedlraykarn_bierogedlbak;b½n TaMgenaH. esripabsmrab;karkarbarsit imnusskan;etceg óteta huina CILanI tmnagbiessrbs;gkáelxafikarttylbnþúkeligñkkarbarsit imnuss 2000-2008 )anmanrbsasn_kñúgqñam2007fa³- {>>>karekobbsgát;etaeligñkkarbarsit imnuss CaFmµtaKWCasnTSn_bgðajnUvkgVHxat kar ekarbsit imnuss y:agfmtulayenakñúgrdæmyy ehiyvasmmartpþal;etanwgsßapabd¾fmtulay enh} GñktMNagshKmn_RbQmnwgeRKaHfñak; enaexscyrmuxénkarkarbarsit imanlmenadæansmrmü nigsit idétetotedltak;tgetanwgdiføinig lmenadæan KWCabuKÁlnigRkumEdleFVICatMNageGayshKmn_CapøÚvkarb minpøúvkaredlbykek kmbugrs;ena. GñktMNagshKmn_enATUTaMgRbeTsTaMgenAkñúgtMbn;CnbTnigTIRkug )anniyay R)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiGMBIviFIénkarcab;xøÜn karkmramkmehgeday vifankarpøúvc,ab; rymmankarkat;etas EdlCa]bsKÁmYyekIteLIgkñúgcMeNam]bsKÁd¾F n;f rbmputcmebah skmµpabrbs;bykek. ๗ extþ)at;dmbg³ karcab;xøüntamtmenigcitþnigkarkat;etasedaygyutþifm {ekdak;rcvak; ehiydak;kñúgbnþb;ggwtenakñúgkukgs;myygatitü. evtnaxøamgnas; ehiyekminegayguttwk. myygatitüerkaymk ekedahrcvak;ecjbiecigrbs;. ๗ btsmöasn_nigkic RbCuMCamYytMNagCag30shKmn_EdlmanCemøaHdIFøI edayrbqmnwgkarbenþjecj b CaCnrgeRKaHBIkarbeNþj ecjedaybgçm kñúgexkumö³nigexmina 2008

6 vacarcvak;srmab;cgdmri. eblbykekedahrcvak;ecj ekegay enaxagerkaknþalbnøwéf ehiybykek)ansumetas. BYkeK)an niyayfabykekefvixuseday)andak;tnðkmµxusmnuss} Qa ni EdlCaemdwknaMeRkApøÚvkarénPUmibwgR)aMkñúgRsukbevl extþ)at;dmbg RtUv)ancab;xøÜn enaéf TI 01 siha 2006 elierogcemøahdiføid¾ramérmyy CamYyrdæGMNacmUldæan BYkQµÜj nigeyafaedlmanbunüskþix<s;². kmøamgb:ulis kgracgavufhtß nigtahancag100nak;)anmkcab; Qa ni edaykµandika cab;xøüneliy. GñkPUmiCaeRcInrynak;rYmTaMgRbBn rbs;kat;pg )anefvikarraramgedim,ikarbar Qa ni BIkarcab;xøÜn. bnþab;bikmøamgsnþisux )an)aj;caercinrkab;eligetaeli ehiy)anvaygñkpumica ercinnak; karraramg)anbba b; ehiykmøamgsnþisux)ancab;xøün Qa ni nig)anxumxøünkat;kñúgextþ )at;dmbg. ry³eblbiexerkaymk ek)anepþrkat;mkracfanipñmebj CaTIkEnøgdMbUgbg s; EdleKXuMKat;eGayenAÉeka nigedayrtuv)anekdak;exñahecig. CafµImþgeTot tulakarextþ )at;dmbgmin)anxvl; nwgsmenirrbs;tirbwksac,ab;rbs; Qa ni edaytamtarsumegaybba Ún rubkat;etakat;etasena)at;dmbg. enaexkumö³ 2007 etibtulakarextþ)at;dmbg)ankat;etas Qa ni egaycab;etas edaykm)amgmux. Amnesty International Qa ni )ancab;kñúgbn nakarry³ebl16ex edaysarskmµpabrbs;kat; enhkwcakarrmelapy:agc,as;etaelisit ittyl)ankarvinicä½yetasedayyutþifm erkam c,ab;gnþrcati. marta12 3 X énktikasbaøagnþrcatisþibisit iblrdænig sit ineya)ay

7 EdlRbeTskm<úCaCardæPaKIEcgfa³ {CnRKb;²rUbEdlRtUv)anecaTRbkan; BIbTRBhµTNÐ RtUvmansiT i>>>ttyl)ankarvinicä½yetasedaymanvtþmanrbs;xøün}. cab;tamgbi Qa ni sßitkñúgkarxumxøünrbs;b:ulismk BuMmankarbgðajyutþikmµEktRmUvkMhusedIm,InaMrUbKat;eTA kan;tulakaret. elisbienhetotbumman PsþútagNabBa ak;elibtecat :karrmelapelikmµsit i :๘ CabTecaTRbkan; Edlmincat;TukCa)ankarnUvkarBiténbBaaðEdlCaedImehtuCemøaH- min)an bba ak;egayc,as;fa dienah CakmµsiTi rbs;rdæ b bukálékcneliy. bnþab;bibþwg]tþrn_ecakc½y edayrbqamgnwgkar kat;etaskm)amgmux Qa ni RtUv)ankat;eTassarCafµIry³eBlbIExeRkaymk EdleBlenaH RtUv)anGnuBaØat[manvtþmanCamYyemFavIrbs;Kat;. Kat;RtUv)anrkeXIjfaman etascafµimþgetot etahbienakñúgsalrkm karecatrbkan;)anpøas;bþúrbi {RTBüÉkCn} eta {RTBüsaFarN³} k¾eday. Kat;RtUv)ankat;eTaseGayCab;Bn nakarry³ebl9ex EdlCary³ eblkat;)anttyletasrycehiy. edayrg;cam]tþn_rbs;gyüakar Qa ni )ancab;kñúgkukrhut dl;exfñú qñam2007 enaebledlkat;rtuv)an edahelgedaymankarfana. karbþwg]trn_ena EtkMBugrg;caMsvnakar. GñkPUmibwgR)aMCaeRcIn)anrs;enAkñúgPUmienHtaMgBIqñaM1997 ebledlbykek)anrbkasfa rdægmnac)anegaydietabykek EdlCaGtItRKYsarExµrRkhmEdl)aneFVIsmahrNkmµedIm,I damdmnamksikmµ. CemøaH)ancab;epþIm eblmrnþieyafamyycmnyn)anrbkasfacakmµsit irbs;xøün ehiy)anlk;bnþetaegayqµüjékcn. bnþab;mk Qa ni niggñktmnagéetot)ancat;ecgbegáit CashKmn_ edim,iefvijtiþetakan;rdæapi)al edim,ibdiesfnwgkarrbkasenh ehiyesvgrk {sm,tandisgámkic } EdlCaynþkarmYysRmab;EbgEckdIFøIdl;GñkEdlKµandI Ecgkñúgc,ab; ๘ ek)anraykarn_mkfaca nirtuv)anecatrbkan;bibtelµis rymmankñúgmarta253 CMBUk19 énc,ab;pumi)al2001sþibietasb,baøtiþén c,ab; EdlEcgfa³-{CnNaEdleRbIGMeBIhigSaeTAelIGñkkan;kab;Gclvtßúedaysuc rit etahcamintan;)anefvib½nñb kmbugmantmnas;k¾eday RtUvpþnÞaeTasBin½yCaR)ak;BImYylanR)aMEsnerol dl; émör)amlanerol b dak;bn nakarbi6 R)aMmYy Ex dl;2 BIr qñam edaybumtan;kit bba ÚlnUveTasRbRBwtþGMeBIhigSaRbqaMgmnusS. benßmelietasxageli GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIhigSaRtUvTTYlxusRtUvcMeBaHsMNgrdæb,evNIdl;CnrgeRKaH EdlbNþalmkBIGMeBIhigSa rbs;xøün. ebigmebihigsaxagelirtuv)anbba abicndétetoterkabigñkbgá ehiycnenahmin)anculrympþal;kþi GñkbBa aenhk¾rtuvttylkarpþnþaetasduc GñkRbRBwtþGMeBIhigSapÞal;Edr.} BuMmanPsþútagNarkeXIjbgðajfa Ca ni)anrbrbwtþgmebihigsaet.

8 PUmi)alqñaM2001 edaygnubaøatdl;rdæapi)al GacEbgEckdIrdæeGayRbCaCnRkIRknigKµandIFøI srmab;erbir)as;calmenadæanb damdmnamksikmµ. ๙ GñktMNagshKmn_BIrnak;eTotEdlRtUv)ancab;xøÜnenAéf TI1sIha2006CamYy Qa ni eday)anbüayamkarbarkat; RtUv)anedaHElgeGayenAeRkAXuMedaymankarFanaenAéf bnþab;. xn³edlbirnak;epsgetot)anekcxøünehiyenalak;xøüntamgbieblenahmk. GñkTaMgBIrnak;enH RtUv)ankat;eGayCab;eTasedaykM)aMgmuxpgEdredayCab;Bn nakarmyyqñamnigsgsmng Edl )ansmerckñúgeblsvnakarkm)amgmuxelikdmbugrbs; Qa ni. myyexerkaymk bursbirnak;epsg etotrtuv)ancab;xøün KW Ehm Lak; nig mu sab. BYkeKmñak;²RtUv)an kat;etasegaycab; Bn nakar6ex ehiyrtuv)anedahelgbibn nakarenaex]spaqñam2007 bnþab;bi)anttyletas rycmk. lmnaménkarcab;xøünnigkarvinicä½yedaygyutþifm Qa ni niggñkdwknampumibwgr)améetot minrtwmetcagñktmnagshkmn_rtuv)ancab;xøünet EdlTMngCakarb:unb:gbMbiTmat;BYkeKnigbBaÄb;skmµPaBtv:aedaysnþiviFIrbs;BYkeK. GgÁkar siti mnusslikadu)anpþl;b½t_mangmbikarcab;xøüngñktmnagshkmn_cmnyn50krnienatutamg RbeTs cab;biex mkra 2006 TaMgenAkñúgtMbn;TIRkugnigtMbn;CnbT. ๑๐ {karefvi[xucxatrtbüsm,tiþedayxusc,ab;} nig {karrmelapelirtbüsm,tiþékcn} KWCa muldæanduc²kñaedlrtuv)anerbir)as;srmab;cab;gñktmnagshkmn_ EdlbTecaTRbkan;TaMg enh RtUv)aneKykmkeRbIdUc²KñaTaMgGs;. CaTmøab;RBHraCGaCJaRcanecalminykmkBicarNa edim,ibba ak; bmpøwfaetikmµsit idirsbc,ab;b Gt; munefvikarecatrbkan;. pþúyetavijbykkat; )anecatrbkan;gñktmnagshkmn_cmebahehtukarn_ ducca mankardkbegáalrbgrbs;xøün ecjbidi EdlBYkKat;faCakmµsiT irbs;xøün edim,iefvitv:aedaysnþivifib edim,ielikbdatv:a ๙ duc)anlmgitkñúggnurkwtüsþigmbism,tandisgámkic elx19g>n>rk>b>k éf TI19 ExmIna qñam2003. ๑๐ GgÁkarsm<½n ExµrCMerOnnigkarBarsiT imnuss likadu ³karvayRbharnigkarKMramkMEhgGñkkaBarsiT imnusskñúgrbetskm<úcaenaqñam2006 ExFñÚ 2006 karvayrbharnigkarkmramkmehggñkkarbarsit imnussenaqñam2007 ExkBaØa qñam2008

9 enaelidiedlmancemøah CabTecaTRbkan;EdlsmaCikshKmn_ GñkXøaMemIlsiT imnuss niggñksegátkarepsgetot)ancat;tukfa minrtwmrtuvnigkµanmuldæan. kñúgkrniepsgetot tulakarnigrbhracgacja)anecatrbkan;gñktmnagbibtelµisepsg² rymman bøn; bgárbyssñam kab;qáarérbxusc,ab;nigbrihaekr þ enhca]tahrn_ EdlRBHraCGaCJa )andak;btecatrbkan;ep kelimuldæantamgenh. GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatidwgBIrkrNI Edl GñktMNagshKmn_RtUv)anecaTRbkan;BIGMeBIbøn; ๑๑ enaeblbykkat;rbmulplrsuvelivalers EdlBYkKat;)aneFVIenAelIdIEdlmanCemøaHenaH. kal³ets³tamggs;enh enaeblgñktmnagbir rubrbs;rbcacn220 RKYsarenAkñúgRsukRBHenRtRBH extþbnþaymanc½yrtuv)an vinicä½yetasbi btbøn; ๑๒ kñúgexmkraqñam2007 ehiykñúgex]spaqñam2007 GñktMNagshKmn_ enakñúgrsuk BamCrénextþéRBEvg RtUv)ancab;xøÜnnigecaTRbkan;edaybTelµIsdUcKña. ๑๓ kñúgexsihaqñam2007 tulakarextþesomrab )anekahehabursbirrubedlcatmnagmin pøúvkarrbs;rbcacn100rkysar Edl)anBak;B½n kñúgcemøahdienarsukbyk extþesomrab eday)ancab;xøünbykekena ebletadl;tulakar bnþab;bielakrbhracgacja)anefvikarecatrbkan; BYkeKBIbTmankMhuseFVIeGayxUcxatRTBüsm,tiþ. eyagtammrnþisit imnussedl)ansegátkar elikrnienh btecatrbkan;kwtak;tgetanwgrkumrkysaredl)anp ÜrdIEdlBYkKat;)anRbkas GHGagfaCakmµsiT irsbc,ab;rbs;bykkat;. bnþab;bigñkpumirbmulkñamktv:aenamuxtulakar extþesomrab GñkTaMgBIrRtUv)anedaHElgb: unµanéf erkaymk k¾b:uenþek)anecocak;fabtecat Rbkan;enABüÜrTukenAeLIy. enapumidirkhmépñmebjenhvij b: Ulis)ancab;xøÜnrs; eba CaGñktMNagshKmn_RsþIePT enakñúgexkbaøaqñam2007 ehiytulakarrkugpñmebj)ankat;etaskat;egaycab;etaskñúgexmkra 2008 BIbT{bgárbYssñam}dl;kmµkrrbs;Rkumh ungpivdæn_ edaykat;egaycab;bn nakar ๑๑ marta34énc,ab;g untak;ecgfagmebibøn;kwcakarlycb b: unb:gnwglycedaymansßantm n;etasduccaerbihigsab RbRBwtþeLIgeday mankñaercin. ๑๒ karrmelapykdi GMeBIBukrlYy nigkarkµanc,ab;³ mcämnðlfnfanc,ab;gasui éf TI4 mina 2007 ๑๓ cmenambykkat;mñak;rtuv)anedahelgedaymankarfana Émñak;eTotenAkñúgkarXuMXaMgrg;caMkarkat;eTas. RtwmExkBaØa 2008 tulakarbum)ankmnt;éf srmab;karkat;etaset. GgÁkar likadu ³- karvayrbharnigkarkmramkmehgeligñkkabarsit imnusskñúgrbets km<úcaenaqñam2007 ExkBaØaqñaM2008

10 ry³eblr)ammyyex nigbüüretas18exefmetot. ๑๔ btecatbikarbgárrbyssñamrtuv)anefvi elig enakñúgbribténcemøahdiedlkmbugbnþrvagshkmn_muldæannigrkumh un. saksiexijehtu karn_ EdlbNþaleGayKat;Cab;Bn nakarenah )anraykarn_fabum)anexijmangmebihigsaedl bgáeligeday rs; eba eliy ehiygñksegátkar)anbba ak;fagmlúgsvnakarenah karvinicä½y etasxkxanmin)anbgðajegayexijfarubkat;)anefviegaykmµkrrkumh unnamñak;manrbys sñameliy. karkmramcab;xøünnigkarxumxamg Bwg yk;ehob nayikaggákarcmnyyepñkc,ab;énkm< úca sþigmbicemøahdibak;b½n nwgcncati edimcayr:aykñúgextþrtnkiri)anmanrbsasn_fa ³- {Kµan]TahrN_Nac,as;CagenHenARbeTskm<úCa EdlGñkmannigGñkmanGMNacTajykpl RbeyaCn_BIRbCaBlrdæRkIRk. ehiyk¾minman»kasnaducenhedredlrbb½n yutþifm edirtynati cugerkayy:agsmxan; kñúgkargnuvtþc,ab; nigkarbarsit i rbs;cncatiedimpakticrbqamg nwgkarrmelapgmnac}. ๑๕ Kñúgextþrtn³KirIenAPaK san mangñktmnag18nak;bipumi Kg yu nigpumi Kg FM rbs;cncatiedimpakticcar:ayénrbetskm< úca )anrgkarbþwgbibtrbhµtnðkñúgexmifuna qñam 2007 EdlecaTRbkan;BYkKat;BIbTéKbnøMnigbrihaekrþ. ๑๖ enabierkaykarecatrbkan;kw CaGñkCMnYjRsþImñak;KWGñkRsI Kat kulni EdlCab ÚnRsIbegáItrbs;rdæmRnþIRksYgesdækic nig hirbaøvtßú ehiycapriyarbs;mrnþican;x<s;mñak;enakñúgrksygerobcmedndi eday)anrbkasfa ๑๔ r)aykarn_skmµpabry³ebl6ex GgÁkarlIkadU CMerOnnigkarkarBarsiT imnusskñúgrbetskm<úca Exmkra-mifuna 2008- ExsIha 2008 ๑๕ esckþieføgkarn_sarb½t manrym éf TI23 mkra 2007 KN³kmµaFikarRbRBwtþikmµénGgÁkarsmaKmkarBarsiT imnusskm< úca evtika GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alsþIBIkm<úCa shkmn_érbeqignþrcati mcämnðlgb;rmc,ab;srmab;shkmn_ GgÁkarCMnYyc,ab;km< úca GgÁkarBlkmµ GnþrCati GgÁkarKMeragkulsm<½n nigcncatipaktickm<úca ๑๖ B½t manbenßmsþibikarbenþjecjedaybgçmniggmbicncatipakticenakm<úca sumemilr)aykarn_ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcati krnigmbavnav ³ km<úca³minrvl;dl;sit icncatipaktic GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati Exmifuna qñam2008

11 )antijdi 450hiktaBIGñkPUmi srmab;damcmkarekas U. RkumRbCaCnEdlRtUv)anecaTRbkan;BI btrbhµtnðtamgbirenh EdlkñúgenaHmanbTéKbnøMGacTTYleTasCab;XuMXaMgrhUtry³eBlR)aM qñam BYkeKKWCatMNag egayshkmn_edlsßitkñúgcemøahdienah Edl)anekIteLIgkñúgqñaM2004 ehiy)andkhutbibykkat; nuvdikmµsit irymrbs; CnCatiPaKticehIyTMngCamankarbeNþjecj edaybgçmpgedr. ๑๗ rhutmkdl;eblenh dicmnynrbman 270hikta RtUv)ankab;qáarsRmab; damekas U. diedlenasl;180 hiktaetot rymmandiksikmµ RBmTaMgdIéRB KWCatMbn;vb,Fm nig sasna duccaérbgñktanigcatibba úhsbrbs;pumitamgbir. bnþab;bibakübnþwg)andl;tulakarextþrtn³kiripøam RBHraCGaCJaextþ)anekaHehAGñk tmnagtamgenahedim,isaksyr edayebikkaresuibgegátbtelµis RBmCamYynwgelcecj sbaøarbqmnwgkarcab;xøünetotpg. GñktMNagmñak;)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTas GnþrCatiGMBIkarKMramkMEhg EdlBYkKat;)anTTYledaypÞal;BImRnþIRbtibtþc,ab;Can;x<s;mñak; EdlmRnþIrUbenaHmankarTak;TgeTAnwgkrNIenH ³- {elaknayb: UlisRsuk)anR)ab;eyIgfa³-ebIGñkÉgenAEttv:aeTot nwgcab;gñkégdak;kuk. ehiyrbsinebigñkég kab;edimeqigñkdét GñkÉgRtUvCab;Kuk.} edaymin)anekahehagñkpumimksaksyrtampøúvc,ab; elakrbhracgacja)anyk esckþirbkas41c,ab;edl)anefviedaygñkpumi edim,iykmkefvikaresuibgegátbibtrbhµtnð kñúgex kkáda qµam2007 EdlBaküenaH)anbBa ak;fabykkat;)ansuxcitþlk;dicemøahenah. etahca y:agnak¾eday GñkPUmiesÞIrEtTaMgGs;)anniyayeRkaymkfa ekegaybykkat;pþitemédkñúg esckþirbkasenah EdlPaKeRcInCaPasaExµrEdlBYkKat;minyl; ๑๘ ehiybykkat;rtuv)ankmram kmehg edayshkarirbs; Kat kulni EdlBYkeKmanvtßmanenAeBlenaH RbsinBYkeKRbEkk minrbmttylsáal;. GñkPUmimYycMnYneTotEdlxøÜn)anpþl;esckþIRbkasenaH min)anbak;b½n kñúg CemøaHdIenaHeT ehiyxøün)ansarpabfa)anpþl;esckþirbkasenahedim,ir)ak;. k¾b:uenþ GKÁRBHraC ๑๗ esckþisnñidæanenhrtuv)anrbekkedayeq vibuledlcaemfavirbs;kat kulni. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa Kat kulnikwcam as;dirsbc,ab; ehiyman {ÉksarTaMgGs;edIm,IbBa ak;} ๑๘ GñkPUmiPaKeRcInEdlmanv½ykNþal minechganpasaexµrnigniyayexµrminc,as;. sumganr)aykarn_vb,fm rbs;bnðit mas ni Edl)andak;eTAtulakarenAéf TI15ExmkraqñaM2008 TMB½r10.

12 GaCJaénsala]TÞrN_)ansþIbenÞasRBHraCGaCJatulakarextþ ehiy)anbba akat;egaygnuvtþ etatamc,ab; k¾b:uenþbumdwgfaetivifankarvin½y RtUv)ancat;karedayGaCJaFry:agNaenaHeT. kar)at;bg;di)ancab;epþimkñúgqñam2004 enaeblmrnþimuldæan)anefvikarrbcumcaercinsarena kñúgbriyakasbmpitbmp½y eday)ansumegayshkmn_yl;rbmlk;dismuhpabxøhrbs;bykkat; eday KMramfaebIminRBmeT rdænwgrwbgusykdienah. edaysþak;esþircitþ shkmn_)anyl;rbm egaydi50 hiktaetatahanrmsaybikar kñúgnamelaknaykrdæmrnþi BIeRBaHBYkKat;niyayfaeK )anennambykkat;egayefviduecñh. erkaybikic RBmeRBogedaypÞal;mat;mk kñúgexkkádaqñam2004 mkmrnþibifñak;xum nigextþ)annamykgaharnigerkogrsvwgegaygñkpumi edim,ierobcmbifibunü myy. enarartienahmrnþi)anefviéksarcapasaexµredim,iegaygñkpumipþiteméd. GñkPUmimñak; )anniyayr)ab;ggákar elikelgetasgnþrcatifa³- {BYkeKmin)anBnül; b GanÉksarenaHeT KWRKan;EteGayBYkeyIgpþit emédb:uenñah} GñktMNagPUmi)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa erkaymkbykkat; )andwgfakarpþitemédenahkw)anyl;rbmfasuxcitþrbkl;dishkmn_ {rab;ryhikta} etaegay QµÜjkNþalmñak; EdleRkaymklk;dIenaHbnþeTAeGaysmaKmmYyEdlGñkRsI Kat kulni CaRbFanedIm,IeFVICacMkarekAs U. smakmenhmaneqµahfa {smakmksikrvdæn³} Edl)ancuH bba IeQµaHsmaKmCamYyRksYgmhaépÞenAéf TI25 kumö³ 2005 EdlkarcuHbBa IenH ekiterkay ebledl Kat kulni )anrbkasfakat;)antijdi. GñktMNagPUmimñak;)anniyay R)ab;GgÁkar elikelgetasgnárcatifa kic snüacapasaexµr )ancuhéf Tijlk;kñúgqñaM2001 KWry³eBlbI qñammun ehiynigmunkargnum½tc,ab;pumi)al. {BYkeK)anhamR)ameyIg minegayr)ab;cncmelkfadienh)anlk;enakñúgqñam2001et b:uenþfalk; kñúgqñam2004}. CalT pl karqusqaydi)anekitelig ehiygñkpumi)anefvikartv:a. bnþwgbtrbhµtnðtmngrtuv)anefvi edim,ieqøiytbetanwgbnþwgrdæb,evniedltmnag shkmn_)anbþwg Kat kulni kalbi6exmun KWenAkñúgExmkraedImqñaM2007. BakübNþwgenH RbqaMgnwgsuBlPaB kic snüalk;tijrvag Kat kulni niggñkpumicar:aytamgbirpumi KWPUmiKgyu nigpumikgfm. eyagtamgñktmnagpumi QµÜjkNþalnigGaCJaFrmUldæan)aneRbIl,icklbgçM

13 e)akr)as; nigyayibykkat;egayyl;rbmlk;di EdlminKitdl;c,ab;PUmi)alqñaM2001. ๑๙ benßmelibnþwgrdæb,evnietotenah shkmn_)andak;bakübnþwgbtrbhµtnðetaelakrbhrac GaCJatulakarextþrtn³KirI edayecatrbkan; GµkRsI Kat kulni fa)anykdirbs;bykkat;efvi CakmµsiT iedayminrsbc,ab;. elak Eq vibul emfavirbs; Kat kulni )ancmtas;nwgbtecat Rbkan;TaMgBIreTAelIkUnkþIrbs;xøÜn. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa etahbi c,ab;pumi)alkarbardiføicncatiedimpaktick¾eday k¾karepþrdienhkwefvietatamnitivifirtwmrtuvtam c,ab;. elakeq vibul)anniyayfa³ {BYkKat;caM)ac;RtUvlk;dI myyepñk BIeRBaHBYkKat;BuMman GaharRKb;RKan;} edayelak)anrbkasghgagfakunkþirbs;elakmanéksaredlcam)ac;tamg Gs; edim,ibba ak;bikmµsiti elidicemøahenah. enaéf TI24 emsa 2008 ecarkmcmnumcrmhbnðit y:a Narin EdlCaRbFantulakar extþrtn³kirinigcaecarkmmñak;enakñúgtulakarkmbulénggácmnumcrmhvisambaøkñúgtulakarkm<úca )an etakenøgekitehtuefvikaresuibgegát. GñkPUmi)anBüayamniyayR)ab;Kat;GMBIdMeNIrerOgén RBwtþikarN_qñaM2004. enaeblgñkpumi)anbnül;fagacjafrmuldæan)anr)ab;bykkat;fah un Esn RtUvkardIsRmab;TahanBikarrbs;xøÜn elakecarkm)anniyayfa³ {GñkÉgminRtUvniyayeQµaH elaknaykrdæmrniþet BIeRBaHkarBak;B½n eqµahrbs;kat;efviegaykrnienhcaerogneya)ay. krnimun² )andak;kukgñkpumiedl)anefviegaykrnietacaerogneya)ay. tulakarmin BicarNakrNIenHeT RbsinebIBak;B½n erogneya)ay}. ๒๐ bynqñamerkay krnienamintan;)anedahrsay. xn³eblenah tmnaggñkpumi)anr)ab;ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcatifarkysartamggs; kñúgpumitamgbiredlrgplb:hbal;enahbykkat;cybkarlm)aknwgcivpabxvhxat bnþab;bibykkat; ๑๙ marta23énc,ab;pumi)al³{shkmn_cncatiedimpaktic KWCaRkummnusSEdlrs;enAelIEdndIénRBHraCaNac Rkkm< úcaedl mansmacik TaMgGs;bgðajnUvkarÉkPaBénCatiBn ú sgámvb,fm nigesdækic Rbtibtþirebobrs;enAtamRbéBNInigdaMduHelIdIEdl xøünkan;kab;etatam k,ünxñattmenomtmlab;énkarerbir)as;casmuhpab. kñúgeblrg;camkarkmnt;xagpøúvc,ab;nuvlkçnþik³ rbs;shkmn_ RkumEdlmanCak;EsþgmkTl;bc úb,nñenhnwgbnþrkb;rkgshkmn_niggclnrtbürbs;xøüntamrbébni ehiyrtuvgnuvtþtamb,baøtþiénc,ab;enh. ๒๐ kayvikarrbs;elakecarkmcmnumcrmhenanwgtikenøgesuibgegátrtuv)anftedaym:asuinftviedgu

14 )at;bg;dishkmn_. CemøaHdI)aneFVIeGayGñkPUmi)at;bg;eBlevla R)ak;kasnigFnFanepSg² etot. GMeBIhigSakarcab;xøÜn nigkarkmramkmehg KWCaerOgBitcMeBaHGñktMNagPUmi EdlBak;B½n kñúgvivatdiføinigkarbenþjecjedaybgçm nigcmebahgñkedlkamrtbykkat;. kñúgqñamknøgeta KW enakñúgexvicäika qñam2007 enakñúgkarbenþjecjd¾higsabmputmyy b:ulis)an)aj;smøab; elakrsi eton eqg Gayu29qñaM CaRbBn rbs;gñktmnagpumimñak;nigcamþaymankunbynnak; enakñúgxumknþütextþrbhvihar enaeblkmøamgsnþisux)anesvgcab;xøünbþirbs;kat; BIbTrMelaPelI kmµsit isafarn³ b karrmelapelidi safarn³. bþirbs;kat;edlb: unb:g karbarkmµsiti shkmn_ kñúgnamedlkat;catmnag[shkmn_erkapøúvkar RtUv)ancab;xøÜnb: unµan em:agerkaymk enaebl EdlkmøaMgsnþisux)ankMeTcbMpøajPUmi nigcab;xøüngñkpumiéetot. rubkat; nwggñkpumir)amnak; etotrtuv)ancab;xumcamyykña edayrg;camkarkat;etasenapñmebj. GMLúgeBleFVIr)aykarN_ enh BuMmankaresuIbGegáteFVIeLIgeTAelIkarsmøab; elakrsi eton eqg eliy. krnienapumikgyu bwgr)am nigkrniepsg²etotedl)anelikeligmkenh KWbgðaj egayexij nuvlmnammyyedlrdægmnacnigmrnþirbtiþbtþc,ab; )annigkmbugedaetaeligñktmnag shkmn_edlkarbarsit imnuss. enakñúgkrnitamggs;enh BYkmRnþITaMgenaH)ansEmþg y:agc,as;nuvkarkamrtcmebah bukál b RkumEdlmanGMNacEdlpÞúynwgkarFanaeGayman kar karbarsit imnuss kumegaymankarerisegig nigefvietatamnitivifirtwmrtuvtampøúvc,ab;enaheliy. elisbienhetaetot GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiminEdlB famankarcat;vifankarpøúvc,ab;na myyrbqamgnwgmrnþinaedlsgs½yfa)anrbrbwtþenaerkargvg;c,ab;edltak;tgetanwgkrnitamg enheliy. mrnþisit imnuss GñkXøaMemIlsiTi mnuss sit iesripabkñúgkarrbcumrtuv)anecgenakñúgmartati21 énktikasbaøagnþrcatisþibisit i Blrdænig sit ineya)ay EdlRbeTskm<úCaRtUvmankatBVkic elikkmbs;sit ienh. martaenhpþl; srmab;kardak;kmritsit ienhrymman {CaRbeyaCn_dl;snþisuxCatib suvtßipabsafarn³ snþab;

15 Fñab;saFarN³ karkarbarsuxpabsafarn³ silfm b karkarbarsit iuesripabrbs;gñkdét.} etahy:agnak¾eday GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiRBYy)armÖfa GaCJaFrénRbeTskm< úca)an rmelapelisit ienhedaybdiesfecalenakñúgkal³ets³myyedlkargnuvtþsit ienhminrtuv)anyk mkbicarnaeliy ehiyedlmarta41énc,ab;rdæfmµnubaørbetskm< úca)anfananuvsit ienh pgedrk¾eday. mrnþisit imnussdwgxøünedrfa xøünrbqmnwgerkahfñak;edaysarkarkarbarsit idiføinigsit i lmenadæan ek)andwgfakmøamgsnþisux)anhamxat;emfaviminegaycultak;tgcamyykunkþirbs; BYkeKenAkñúgPUmiehIyenAkñúgextþrtn³KirInigextþmNÐlKirI GaCJaFrextþ)anTamTarlixitesñIsuMkar GnuBaØatedIm,IcuHsYrsuxTukçshKmn_EdlRbQmnwgkarbeNþjecjedaybgçM b edim,ixøamemil kartv:aedaysnþivifi. GaCJaFr)anraraMgGñkXøaMemIlsiT imnusscarbcamminegayculetakan;ti kenøgbenþjecj. enakñúgex]spa nigmifuna2006 kmøamgsnþisux)anraramgmrnþisit imnussnig GñkkaEstmineGaycUlykB½t man GMBIkarbeNþjecjedaybgçMenAtMbn;sMbukcabnigmnÞIr ebtümunivgskñúgtirkugpñmebj. ๒๑ ehiyenakñúgexvicäikaqñam2007 kmøamgsnþisux)anelamb½t minegayecjculpumicugercay sgáat;ercaycgva enakñúgx½nðb ssiekvéntirkugpñmebj ehiy)an rwbgusyk]bkrn_ftrub enaeblpumirtuv)anbenþjecjedaybgçmenakñúgrbtibtþikar munebl éf rh. ๒๒ kñúgexdedl mrnþisit imnussminrtuv)angnubaøat[culemilshkmn_edlttylrgkar dutbmpøaj enakñúgxumknþüt extþrbhvihareliy. CaTmøab;mRnþImUldæanbdiesFsMeNIrrbs;GgÁkarsgÁmsIuvilEdlsuMeFVIkarRbCuMb erobcmbifi GVImYy. enakñúg»kascaercinsar mcämnðlsit imnusskm< úca RtUv)anhammineGayeFVI evtikasafarn³sþibisit idiføinigkarbenþjecjeliy rymmanenakñúgextþrkech extþsvayerog nigextþrtn³kiri enhkweyagtammrnþirbs;ggákarenh)anniyayr)ab;ggákarelikelgetas ๒๑ sumganr)aykarn_ {sit imnussrtuv)anekrmelap karbenþjecjedaybgçmenarbhracanacrkkm<úca} GgÁkarelIkElgeTas GnþrCati 2008 nig r)aykarn_ {karvayrbharnigkarkmramkmehggñkkarbarsit imnuss enarbetskm<úcaqñam2006} GgÁkarlIkadU ExFñÚqñaM2006. ๒๒ sumemil³ GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati³ km<úca³ karbenþjecjedaybgçm vifankarcabnþan; éf TI22ExvicäikaqñaM2007 [http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/asa23/009/2007/en/dom-asa230092007en.html]

16 GnþrCati. ๒๓ Kñúgextþrtn³KirI GaCJaFrmUldæan )anefvikarraramgmcämnðlsit imnusskm< úca vitüúsemøgrbcafibetyü niggñkéetot minegay efvievtikasafarn³sþibisit idiføi enakñúgb ena CitPUmiKgyu edaykµanpþl;karbnül;namyyeliy. ena éf TI3 FñÚ 2007 b: Ulis eyafarbdab; edaygavuf niggpi)alrsuk )anbbaäb;tmnagbiesséngkáelxafikarggákarshrbcacati TTYlbnÞúksiT imnussrbcamrbetskm<úca KWelaksaRsþacarü y:ash_ háay nigbukálikkariya l½y]tþmsñgkarggákarshrbcacatittylbnþúksit imnuss eday)ansyrnamgmbimulehtu Edl BYkKat;min)anEsVgrklixitGnuBaØatCamunedIm,IcUlsYrsuxTukç. ๒๔ martati12énesckþirbkasrbs;shrbcacatisþigmbigñkkarbarsit imnuss KUsbBa ak;fa {CnRKb;rUb edaymñak;²égkþinigedayrymcamyygñkdétkþi mansit iculrymefviskmµpabeday snþivifi RbqaMgnwgkarrMelaPsiT imnussnigesripabmuldæan }ehiybba ak;etotfardærtuv{ cat; vifankar cam)ac;edim,ifanaegaymannuvkarkarbarbigacjafrmansmtßkic cmebahcnrkb;rub eday mñak;égkþinigedayrymcamyygñkdétkþi RbqaMgnwgGMeBIhigSa karkmramkmehg karsgswk karerisegigkñúgkargnuvtþcak;esþgnigtampøúvc,ab; karekobsgát; b skmµpabtamgmebicitþepsg² etot edaysaretkarerbir)as;sit irsbc,ab;rbs;xøün EdlmanEcgkñúgesckþIRbkasenH.} etahcay:agnak¾eday mrnþisit imnussedlkarbarsit ishkmn_edlrtuvbenþjecj edaybgçmrtuv)anyayinigbmpitbmp½ygmluúgeblbmebjkargarrbs;xøün. man]tahrn_ercin EdlGaCJaFr b kmøamgsnþisux)annamxøüngñkxøamemilsit imnussmksyrnamb KMramBYkeK kñúgbribtén karbenþjecj Ca]TahrN_ duccakarxat;xøünmrnþisit imnussbynnak;biggákarlikadu Gadhuk nig mcämnðlsit imnusskm<úca enakñúgex]spaqñam2006 kñúgrsukqukextþkmbt. enaeblbyk ekkmbugbüayamxøamemilehtukarn_myykñúgxumrtbamg)aømg EdlkmøaMgsnþisux )andutpþhrbehl 20xñg b:ulis kgracgavufhtß nigeyafa )anelamb½t GñkTaMgbYn edayp g;kamepøig ehiy)an rwbgusykm:asuinftrubnigbgçmbykekegaycakecjbitikenøg. ๒๓ RbCuMCamYymCÄmNÐl sit imnusskm<úca ๒๔ r)aykarn_rbs;tmnagbiesséngkáelxafikarggákarshrbcacatittylbnþúksit imnussenakm<úca y:ash_ háay A/HRC/7/42;éf TI29ExkumÖ³qñaM2008 kfax½nð70

17 mñak;kñúgcmenamtamgbynnak;kw Qwm savuf EdlCaGñksegátkarsiT imnussrbs;ggákar mcämnðlsit imnusskm<úca myyqñamerkaymkrtuv)ankmramkmehgedaysarskmµpabrbs;kat; enarkugkmbg;esam. kñúgqñam2006 GaCJaFrRkug)anR)ab;Kat;faPUmimitþPaB4 b ehapumis<aneqh trmuvegaycuhbba ICashKmn_ edim,irymkñaetgtamggñktmnagmñak; kñúgcemøahdiedlekitman. Qwm savuf )ancyyshkmn_elibbaðarkdassñam. CMnYyenH min)ancyybeba oskar benþjecjedaybgçmet. KWenAéf TI20ExemsaqñaM2007 105RKYsar kñúgpumienarkug RBHsIhnu)ankøayCaGñkKµanpÞHsEm,g enaeblb: Ulis eyafa nigkgracgavufhtß)andutnig QUspÞHrbs;BYkeK. GñkPUmi13nak;RtUv)ancab; xøün. ๒๕ ehtukarn_enh )antak;tajrbb½n psbvpsaysarb½t mankñúgrsuknigttylrbtiþkmµcaercin rymmanbiggákar elikelgetasgnþrcati nigrdæapi)albrets. b: unµans)aþh_erkaymk Qwm savufrtuv)anrbmanedayrbpbc,as;las;myyfakat;kyrlak;xøünedim,iekcbikarbikarcab;xøün EdlRbugnwgekIteLIg. RbPBenaH)anR)ab;Kat;famRnþICan;x<s; mñak;enarkugrbhsihnu)anefvikar RbCuMmYyCamYyGFikarCaeRcInrUbmkBIRksYgmhaépÞ)anesñIsuMcab;xøÜnKat;. enaéf TI07 ]spa 2007 GtItGPi)alRkug say hak; )anniyayr)ab;gñksarb½t manfakat;)anbba ÚnPsþútag etakan;tulakarrkugrbhsihnu Edlbgðajfa Qwm savuf )an {ehagñkpumi egaybegáit tmbn;ékracübmebkecjbikarrkb;rkgrbs;rdæapi)al}. ๒๖ erkaymkmrnþitulakar)anghgagdl;ggákarsit imnussbirfa BYkKat;BitCa)anTTYl BakübNþwgBIGtItGPi)alRkug say hak; EdlecaTRbkan; Qwm savuf fa)anjúhjg; GñkPUmieGaybegáIttMbn;ÉkraCüEmn. ๒๕ sumemil km<úca³ efviegaygñkrkkµanpþhsem,g efvibc úb,nñpab GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCati-Ex]sPaqñaM2008- sit imnussrtuv ekrmelap-karbenþjecjedaybgçmenarbhracanacrkkm<úca GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiqñaM2008 nigkarvayrbhar ๒๖ GPi)alRkugRBHsIhnu ³ mrnþimcämnðlsit imnusskm<úca)anjúhjg;gñkpumi-kaest Dw EXmbUDa edli éf TI8 Ex]sPa qñam2007

18 LICADHO Qwm savuf)anbüayamcyyshkmn_ EdlRbQmnwgkarbeNþjecjedaybgçM ebledlkat;ttylkar KMrameday Rbeyal. GñkPUmi13nak;RtUv)ancab;xøÜn enaeblbenþjecj. enaeblb GMBIbTecaTRbkan;F n;f rmkelirubkat; nigeblttylkarrbmangmbikarfanig RtUvcab;xøÜn savuf)anetalak;xøüntamextþepsg²ducca extþekahkug extþkmbg;fm nigextþ bnþaymanc½y. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa³-{ )anqb;efvikarry³ eblbirex. )anbitturs½bþ EdlKµanGñkNamñak;GacTak;Tg )aneliy. erbietturs½bþ safarn³} erkaymkbtecatrbkan;)anrsaycuhbnþicmþg². Qwm savuf)anniyayr)ab; GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifabTGnþraKmn_rbs;KN³kmµakarsiT imnussgasuimanrbsit ipab KYreGaykt;smÁal;. ๒๗ {k¾b: uenþ enakitkñúgcitþfabakübnþwgenatmkl;tukenaeliy. enaet )armöfaenaéf NamYy enaebl efviskmµpabmþgetot eknwgykbbaðaenhmkbicarna. BYkeK mingaydkbakübnþwg EbbenHedaygay²eT b:uenþgacbüürtukvaedayrg;cam»kasepsg etot } Qwm savuf enabnþefvikarcagñkesuibgegátsit imnuss b: uenþ\lúvrbcamkarenapñmebj ehiykat;etarkugrbhsihnumþgmáaledayenaetmanmankarrbyy)armöcab;canic. Kat;)anniyay R)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa³ ๒๗ GñkesuIbGegátsiT imnussmñak;niggñkpumi5nak;kmbugcab;ecatbibtjúhjg;begáittmbn;gbkmn_-knkmµkarsit imnussgasui éf TI10 Ex]sPaqñaM2007

19 { lak;muxbnþicbnþücedr. enaetrbyy)armögba wg. min)armörtuvekcab;xøün xøamgebket b: uenþ xøacerkgmanepnkarsm at; duccaerkahfñak;cracr b GMeBIbøn;edIm,IbM)at; Psþútag. minsuv )armöetrbsinebiekcab;xøün. RbsinebIRbCaCnFmµtacUlKuk k¾gacedr.} Amnesty International emfavicmnyyepñkc,ab; Qwm savuf)anlak;xøün ry³eblbirexbnþab;bi karrbmancab;xøün. emfavicmnyyepñkc,ab;kwcarkumgñkkarbarsit imnussepsgetot Edl)anTTYlkarKMram kmehg xn³edlbmebjkargarcyycnrgerkahénkarbenþjecjedaybgçm b CemøaHdIFøI. ]TahrN_emFavItMNageGayCnCatiedImPaKticcar:aykñúgPUmiKgyunigPUmiKgFM. ena kñúgbakübnþwgbibtrbhµtnðedl)anbþwgtmnaggñkpumiduc)anbba ak;xageli GñkbþwgKWGñkRsI Kat kulni )anrab;bba ÚlemFavIcMnYndb;nak;tMNageGaykrNIenaH edayecatrbkan;bykek BIbTjúHjg; bnømnigbgçúcekrþ eqµah emfavir)ambirnak;kñúgcmenamemfavitamgenah efvikarena mcämnðlgb;rmc,ab;srmab;shkmn_ ehiybinak;etotefvikarenaggákarcmnyyepñkc,ab;én km<úca EdlGgÁkarTaMgBIrCa GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)alkñúgRsuk. elak Eq vibul EdlCaemFavIrbs; Kat kulni )anbba ak;dl;ggákarelikelgetas GnþrCatifa BakübNþwgbþwgrYmTaMgemFavITaMgenaH. ebitam Eq vibul famanemfavibirb binak; kñúgcmenamemfavitamgdb;nak; RtUv)anbþwg k¾b: uenþetahy:agenhk¾eday vaca»kassrmab;rbhrac GaCJatulakarextþeFVIkaresuIbGegátBIbTRBhµTNÐ edim,iecatbykektamggs;kña. ek)anraykarn_ fa karesuibgegátkmbugetbnþefvi.

2 GñkRsI Kat kulni )ansresrlixitetakan;rbfankn³emfaviénrbhracanacrkkm< úca pgedr eday)andak;eqµahemfavinimyy²rbs;ggákar nigecatrbkan;bykekbikarjúhjg; nig RbRBwtþedayehtuplerOgneya)ay. Kat;)anesñIsuMRbFanKN³emFavIénRBHraCaNacRkkm< úca egay {cat;vifankartampøúvc,ab;edim,iesuibgegát}. ๒๘ RbFanKN³emFavIénRBHraCaNacRk km<úca )anehaemfavirbcum k¾b:uenþ)anrbekkcasafarn³fa Kat;min)andak;BYkeKeGaysßitenA erkamkaresuibgegátnamyyeliy. kñúgextulaqñam2007 emfavirbs;ggákarerkardæapi)al)anraykarn_fab: UlisRsuk )anraramgemfaviminegayculcybkunkþirbs;xøünkñúgpumikgyu edayep kelimuldæanfa b:ulis mingacfananuvsuvtißpabemfavikñúgpumi)anet. bnþab;bimanbtgnþrakmn_bimrnþimñak; BIRksYg mhaépþ b:ulis)angnubaøategayemfavicybkunkþirbs;xøünenaéf bnþab;. enaéf TI1ExsIhaqñaM2008 ecarkmcmnumcrmh)anehaemfavimkkan;tulakar. Kat;)an niyayr)ab;bykekfakat;minkmramkmehget b:uenþfakaresuibgegátbibtrbhµtnðetaeliemfavimin Tan;bBa b;enaeliyet. ecarkmcmnumcrmhk¾)anrbmanbykekpgedr sumegayrbugrby½tñgmbi karpþl;b½t mandl;gñksarb½t man ebibumduecñahet BYkeKGacRbQmmuxnwgkarecaTRbkan; BIbTbrihaekr þ. bynéf erkaymk emfavi)anbþwgsumegaydkecarkmcrmhkþibisvnakar edaykrnifa min)anykcitþtukdak;bmebjkatbvkic tulakarrbs;xøün manpablmegog nig minbmebjparkic kñúgkarrkdmenahrsayelicemøahetatamc,ab;. cab;tamgbi)andak;bakübnþwgkñúgexmifunaqñam2007mk emfavir)ambinak;elgefvikar elikrni enhetotehiy. cmenkemfaviéetot)ancab;ykkargarpþal;xøün. esckþisnñidæan eblmancemøahenarsuk)avilextþ)at;dmbg egon sarim EdlCaRbBn Qa ni k¾)anelig efvicatmnagshkmn_bwgr)am ehiycasmacikbnþajerkapøúvkarénskmµcntutamgrbets. ๒๘ Éksarrbs;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatiEdlmin)ane)aHBum<pSay éf TI19ExmifunaqñaM2007

3 srmab;rubkat; kardak;bn nakarbþirbs;kat;minemnrtwmetcakarrbyy)armö rbs;gñkpumirbs; Kat;bu:eNÑaHeT. Kat;)anniyayR)ab;GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatifa³-{krNIbþwg Qa ni KWCakarvay RbharpøÚvcitþRbCaCnTaMgGs;enATUTaMg21extþEdlmanbBaðadUc²Kña edim,iefviegaybykkat;xøac. cab;mnussmñak; KWedIm,IKMrammnusSrab;mWunnak; efviegaybykekxøacelgh ants UnigElgh anefvi karts UmtiteTAeTot. yl;fava CaGMeBIGyutþiFm srmab;rbcacnkm<úca}. karekineligy:agqab;rh½séncmnynskmµcncab;bn nakar edaysarkartv:aedaysnþivifi efviegayggákarelikelgetasgnþrcatimankarrbyy)armöy:agxøamggmbisit ipþal;xøünrbs;bykek. k¾b:uenþ ducedl egon sarim )anbba ak;enah vak¾ca]bkrn_bmpitbmp½ymyycmebahgñkkarbar sit imnussdétetot edayefvikarkmramkmehgcak;esþgmkelibykeknuvkarxumxamg karkat;etas nigdak;bn nakar. Tak;TgeTAnwgviFankarc,ab;RbqaMgnwgGñkkaBarsiT imnuss karxvhxatesckþisuc ritrbs; sßab½nc,ab;nigkarxvhxatsmpabcmebahmuxc,ab; efvikardkhutkarkarbarbibykek EdlRbB½n c,ab; kmnt;fartuvpþl;karfana. tamkarbiteta sßab½nc,ab;edirtynaticmbgkñúgkarrmelapsit imnuss rbs;bykek nigsit irbs;gñkdétedlbykektmnagegay. tmnagbiesséngkáelxafikarggákar shrbcacatittylbnþúksit imnussenarbetskm<úca )anqøúhbba amgbibbaðaenhkñúgr)aykarn_fµi bmputrbs;kat; sþigmbikarxvhxatékracüpabénsßab½ngyüakar Edl)anqøúHbBa amgkñúgkrni EdlbgðajenAkñúgr)aykarN_enH ³- {btelµisedlmanecgkñúgc,ab;gmbikarrmelapsit idiføi minrtuv)anekerbir)as;edim,ikarbar shkmn_edlsit irbs;bykekrtuvgñkmangmnac Rkumh unb GgÁPaBrdæaPi)alrMelaPbMBaneLIy. minmankarcat;vifankaretaeligñkedl)anlk;b )antijdigñkdétedayxusc,ab; b Edl)an rmelapsit i diføirbs;bykek nigfnfanérbeqi.} {pþúyetavij enaeblmanbnþwgetatulakarrbqamgnwggñkmangmnac b Rkumh un b ena ebledlshkmn_tv:anwgkarbenþjecj b kartamtardiføirbs;xøünmkvij tamfmµtaedimecat RtUv)anecaTRbkan; BIbTelµIsNamYyeTAvij CaGaT {karbmpøicbmpøajrtbüsm,tþigñkdét} b

4 {karrmelapelirtbüsm,tiþgñkdét}. CalT plénkarecatrbkan;enh GaceFVIeGayCnenaH Cab;XuMXaMg ehiymingacefvikartamtarsit irbs;xøüntampøúvc,ab;tetaetot)aneliy.} ๒๙ enakñúgr)aykarn_rbs;kat;kñúgqñam2006sþigmbirbetskm< úca milun kutari GñkraykarN_ Biessrbs;GgÁkarshRbCaCatiTTYlbnÞúksiT imanlmenadæansmrmü EdlCaEpñkmYyénsiT i mankmritcivpabsmrmü )ankt;smkal;famankarelceligkarbmpitbmp½y nigkmramkmehg BI GaCJaFrmUldæan niggñkgpivdæn_ékcn EdlQaneTArkkic RBmeRBogdId¾sgS½ynig karbenþj ecj rymman {karkmramkmehgerbir)as;kmøamg karpþl;b½t manminbitnigbaküccamgaramtmlak; kmhusdak;eligñktmnagfamanbak;b½n kñúgerog{neya)ay} b ecatfa )anrbrbwtþbt]rkwdæ k¾duc Cakarritt,it dl;rkumrkysaredlttylrgerkah kñúgkarecjculpþh rbs;bykek nigkarbnþúcbg ak; GñkPUmimineGaymankarrYmRbCuMCaedIm}. ๓๐ BIrqñaMeRkaymk karkmramebbenh)anvivtþetaca vifisarsþgnuvtþ myyedim,irbqamgnwgbukálnigrkumna EdlkarBarsiT itak;tgetanwgdiføinig lmenadæan. enakñúgxn³eblenh GñkTaMgenaHEdlenABIeRkaykarKMramkMEhgnigskmµPaB efvirbtibtþikary:agraldaledaykµanetaseliy. etahcay:agenhkþi karvivtþn_cavic manekitmanelig. skmµcndiføikm<úcakalbimunminføab; RbmUlpþúMKñadUcsBVéf enhet. bnþajerkapøúvkaréncnrgerkahedaybenþjecjedaybgçm kmbug erkakeligehiymñak;²eckrmelkbtbiesafn_ nigbipaksakñarkdmenahrsay rymman karedah RsaykarrMelaPsiT imnusscaedim. Gnusasn_ GgÁkarelIkElgeTasGnþrCatieFVIkarGMBavnavdl;rdæaPi)alkm<úCasUmeGay³- ekarbnigkarbarsit irbs;gñkkarbarsit imnuss rymtamggñkedlefvikareliepñksit iesdækic sgámkic nigvb,fm edim,ibykekefvikar ๒๙ r)aykarn_rbs;tmnagbiesséngkáelxafikarggákarshrbcacatittylbnþúksit imnussrbcamrbetskm< úca y:ash_ háay UN doc. A/HRC/7/42, éf TI29ExkumÖ³qñaM2008 kfax½nð34-5 ๓๐ r)aykarn_rbs;gñkraykarn_biessttylbnþúksit imanlmenadæansmrmüedlcaepñkmyyénsit imancivpabsmrmü ;milun kutari bmebjebskkmµmkkan;rbetskm<úca A/HRUN Doc.E/CN.4/2006/41/Add.3,21 March 2006, para. 61

5 edaybummankarraramg karbmpitbmp½yb yayi RsbtamesckþI RbkasshRbCaCati sþibigñkkarbarsit imnuss ๓๑ FanafaGñkEdlCMrujelIkkMBs;nigkarBarsiT imanlmenadæansmrmü nigsit idét etotedlpsarp ab;nwgkarbenþjecjedaybgçmnigcemøahdiføi GaceFVIkar edayesri ehiyfanaegay)anpgedrnuvkarbba b;karbenþjecjedaybgçm. efáaletascasafarn³dl;karvayrbhareligñkkarbarsit imnuss nigefvikarebþcja CasaFarN³fa nwgbummankarcab;xøüngñkkarbarsit imnussbenßmetot b bukáléetot EdlcUlrYmedaybrisuT enakñúgkargnuvtþsit iesripabrbs;bykekkñúgkarbeba jmti CMenO karbeba jmtinigculrymsmakm. dak;ecjekalkarn_ennamc,as;las;dl;mrnþignuvtþc,ab; sþibisit iesripabbeba j mtikarrbcumnigculrymcasmakm edayrsbtambtdæangnþrcati nigennammrnþi Rbtibtþc,ab;TaMgGs;enARKb;fñak; GMBIkatBVkic rbs;bykek egayekarbnigkarbar sit imnuss nigefviegayc,as;fabykeknwgrtuvttylxusrtuvcmebahkarrmelapsit i mnussedlbykek)anrbrbwtþ. Fanafaral;karrMelaPsiT imnusstamggs;etaeligñkkarbarsit imnuss rymman GñktMNag shkmn_ emfavi niggñkxøamemilsit imnuss RtUvesuIbGegátCabnÞan; edayl itl n; edayékracü nigedayminlmegog ehiyrtuvnamxøüncnelµisedl )anrmelapbmbanenahetatulakkaredim,ikat;etastamc,ab;. smnumbrdl;gñkraykarn_biessttylbnþúkgñkkabarsit imnussegayefvitssnkic mkkan;rbetskm<úca edim,iesuibgegátkrnibtelµisrtuv)anecatrbkan;tamggs; eligñkkarbarsit imnusskñúgbribt én karbenþjecjedaybgçm nigsit idiføi. ๓๑ duc)anbba ak;kñúgr)aykarn_ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcati siti mnussedlrtuvekrmelapkarbenþjecjedaybgçmenarbhracana crkkm<úca éf TI11ExkumÖ³qñaM2008 TMB½r47. sumemilr)aykarn_enhgmbignusasn_rbs;ggákarelikelgetasgnþrcati EdlTak;Tgnwg karbenþjecjedaybgçm. GgÁkarsUmGMBavnaveGaybBaÄb;CabnÞan;nUvkarbeNþjecjedaybgçM nigkarbg ak;karbenþjecjcartg; RTayFMdrabNakarhamXat;edayRsbc,ab;nUvkarbeNþjecjedaybgçMRtUv)anCMnYsnigGnuvtþ ehiyekalkarn_ennamsrmab;kar benþjecjedlgnuelamtamc,ab;sit imnussgnþrcati RtUv)anGnum½t.