SUMMARY OF THESIS SUBMITTED FOR A DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY. Eszter SERMANN

Átírás

1 Eötvös Loránd University Faculty of Humanities Doctoral School of Linguistics PhD Programme in Translation Studies SUMMARY OF THESIS SUBMITTED FOR A DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Eszter SERMANN TRANSLATIONAL ASPECTS OF TERMINOLOGY STANDARDIZATION AND TERMINOLOGY HARMONIZATION Supervisor: Ágota Fóris PhD habil., Associate Professor Budapest, 2013

2 1. Scope of research I have written my dissertation based on the results of my research carried out in the PhD Programme in Translation Studies within the Doctoral School of Linguistics at Eötvös Loránd University. The scope of my research was the study of the translational aspects of terminology standardization and terminology harmonization; I have conducted terminology research as a member of the Terminology Research Group (TERMIK) headed by my supervisor. Nowadays the activities connected to terminology standardization and harmonization need to be widely extended by reason of the continuous and significant increase in the number of concepts and terms, and the expansion of international communication. The daily translation and interpretation practice raises several terminological problems on the one hand, in view of the high number of language combinations, on the other hand, due to the variety of text types that could be solved, at least in part, with systematic terminology standardization and harmonization work. In Hungary terminology standardization and harmonization has recently gained wider attention as a research field and as an important part of language services, but even today (even among linguists) we can encounter the common misconception according to which standards are only relevant in the field of industrial products. While the topic has a wide literature in English, only a few studies have been published about terminology standardization and harmonization in Hungarian by now (e.g. Bölcskei 2010, 2011a, 2011b, Fóris 2005, Fóris, B. Papp 2011, Fóris, Sermann 2010, Galinski, Weissinger 2010, Pónyai 2010), and these studies only deal with certain aspects of the issue. The Hungarian scientific community should pay more attention to the international terminology and harmonization work, so that its theoretical basis and practical methods be widely known in Hungary as well. I would like to contribute to this attitude change with my research carried out within the dissertation. 2

3 2. Research goals My research which has been documented in the dissertation had the aim of critically reviewing the international and national literature on theoretical and practical published results on the topic of terminology standardization and harmonization, to reconsider those aspects of terminology standardization which are linked to language politics and translation, and to carry out the empirical research of certain aspects of international and national terminology standardization. My research objectives were as follows: to investigate the theoretical and practical issues of terminology standardization and harmonization; to explore the connections between terminology standardization, language politics and terminology policy; to investigate terminology databases and localization as linking points between terminology standardization, harmonization and translation practice; to study and to summarize the content of those linguistics-related ISO standards which could be relevant in the training of terminologists, interpreters and translators, to investigate the possible ways of their utilization; to study the practical realization of terminology standardization at corporate level in the localization process of a specific product, the Microsoft Windows operating system; to study the methods of terminology standardization and harmonization at the national level through the activity of Spanish national terminology associations; to investigate the structural and the functional elements of Spanish terminology databases. 3

4 3. Research methods First I reviewed the literature on terminology standardization, I studied its definitions, types, levels, steps and methods, and the critical approaches to the field, and then I formulated the definition of terminology standardization relevant to the dissertation. I dealt with the topic of terminology harmonization as well. Since I define terminology standardization as a phenomenon which is linked, on the one hand, to technical standardization, and on the other hand, to language planning, therefore in the second part of the literature review I studied how terminology standardization can be connected with issues of language policy and language strategy. In the third part of the literature review I examined the connection between terminology standardization and translation, and I highlighted the study of translation tools, with special regard to the compilation of terminology databases, and the process of localization as principal connection points. My examinations are basically descriptive, qualitative and empirical, in the course of which I applied the general methodology of social sciences, applied linguistics and pedagogical research (Cserné 1994, Falus 2004, Falus, Ollé 2008, Fóris 2008, Maykut, Morehouse 1994, Sántha 2009, Szabolcs 2001). Document analysis, which I borrowed directly from pedagogical research methodology, is one of the common methods applied in social sciences. According to pedagogical research methodology a document is any written material which has been prepared in the recent past, not directly for research purposes, but the study of which might be useful for investigators. Terminological ISO standards have not been prepared for research purposes, but, like pedagogical documents, they are appropriate to formulate implications for research purposes. Source analysis according to Nádasi (2004) is a term which has been used by historical sciences and deals with documents of the past, however, document analysis is rooted in the present, it is suitable for collecting data, founding conclusions, exploring connections, analysing explicit contents. Case study is also a common method of social sciences, which provides the possibility of systematic data analysis, data collection and publishing results (Flyvbjerg 2006). I collected the data which have been processed in the case studies via searches on the Internet and a qualitative research interview. During the semi- 4

5 structured interview, also known as concentrated dialogue, I applied open questions (see Cserné 1994, Fóris 2008, Kvale 2005), and I followed the steps formulated by Kvale (2005) in planning and performing the interview, and in the data analysis. It is important to emphasize that for the case studies I formulated initial presuppositions rather than hypotheses. In the literature concerning applied linguistics and pedagogical research methodology several authors agree with the idea that while one of the basic characteristics of quantitative research is hypothesis formulation, in qualitative research the process does not start with hypothesis formulation (Cserné 1994, Fóris 2008, Maykut, Morehouse 1994, Szabolcs 2001). According to Sántha (2009) hypothesis formulation is a fundamental characteristic of quantitative research, the entire research project is based on it, but in qualitative research hypotheses have another type of role, since researchers often intend to understand and analyse a specific issue on the basis of internal, hidden elements. According to Falus (2004) the preliminary hypothesis formulation is not a compulsory element of any investigation process, since in several fields explorative studies are needed before formulating significant hypotheses. I think that terminology standardization and harmonization is one of these fields. In my qualitative research I did not perform a blind analysis, therefore in the preliminary stage I formulated presuppositions, but since hypothesis is a term which is used in quantitative research, I used the initial presupposition in order to designate this kind of statements. 5

6 4. Initial presuppositions To reach the research objectives I was guided by the following initial presuppositions: IP1 In the ISO standards concerning terminological work several linguisticsrelated parts can be found which should be used in the training of terminologists, translators and interpreters and in the compilation of terminology databases. The study and the analysis of these standards could provide important additional information in these fields. IP2 Standardized terminology is formulated by the collaboration of experts and terminologists, and it is stored in terminology databases. In order to demonstrate the process and the characteristics of this activity we should study the work of bodies which perform this work within a short time and with an extraordinary efficiency. The localization of the Microsoft Windows operating system might be one of these processes, during which the criteria system of terminology standardization is taken into account. IP3 Since the 1980 s important steps have been taken in Spain in the field of minority protection and language planning, and the Catalan example serves as a reference in European language politics. Therefore I assume that in the field of terminology standardization and harmonization there might be best practices and models to follow as well. By studying the webpages of terminology associations in Spain we will be able to gain an insight into the terminology standardization and harmonization work performed by terminology associations in the field of the Spanish, the Catalan, the Basque and the Galician languages. IP4 As a result of the systematic terminology standardization and harmonization work in Spain, terminology databases were compiled which are available free of charge on the Internet. By analysing the characteristics of these terminology databases we can study the differences between terminology databases and online dictionaries. The first and the second initial presuppositions (IP1, IP2) belong to the field of international terminology standardization, while the third and the fourth ones (IP3, 6

7 IP4) belong to national terminology standardization. The second initial presupposition affects corporate terminology standardization as well, since it is connected to the terminology standardization practice of an international corporation. 5. Structure of the dissertation The dissertation is made up of six chapters. After the Table of contents Chapter One consists of an Introduction, which discusses the scope and relevance of research. Chapter Two sets the objectives, methods of research, and the initial presuppositions. Chapter Three provides an overview of the relevant international and Hungarian literature, and it contains a short summary of basic concepts and definitions of terminology. It also shows the connections between standardization bodies and terminology standardization, several definitions of terminology standardization in academic publications, its types, levels, steps and methods, and it provides the definition of terminology standardization relevant to the dissertation. It deals with the topic of terminology harmonization, as well. It presents the connections between terminology standardization, language politics and terminology policy, and it studies how terminology standardization can be connected with the issues of language policy and language strategy. This chapter shows how terminology development is carried out in specific countries, and presents the analysis of the connections between terminology standardization and translation. I placed an emphasis on the study of translation tools, with special regard to the compilation of terminology databases, and the process of localization as principal connection points. Chapter Four covers some issues of international terminology standardization, and it contains two parts. The first part shows the analysis of ISO standards dealing with terminology work, and it studies their possible ways of application in the training of terminologists, translators and interpreters. The second part presents the analysis of terminological standardization in the localization process of a specific product, the Microsoft Windows operating system. Chapter Five deals with national terminology standardization, it contains the analysis of terminology associations webpages and terminology databases in Spain. Chapter Six is the summary of the results of research. 7

8 The Bibliography and the Sources are followed by the List of Figures and the List of Tables. 6. Summary of the research findings The scope of the descriptive, qualitative, empirical research, which has been documented in the dissertation, was the analysis of the theoretical and practical aspects of concept and term standardization and harmonization, and the empirical study of certain translational aspects of terminology standardization, such as localization and terminology database compilation. 1) In my research I reviewed the literature concerning terminology standardization, and I formulated the definition of terminology standardization relevant to the dissertation. In Hungarian academic publications the complex definition of terminology standardization has not yet been formulated that would cover both the language planning aspect and the technical aspect of the phenomenon. Based on what has been said in the previous chapters of the dissertation I formulated the definition of terminology standardization as follows. Terminology standardization is a process related to language planning, mainly corpus planning, which is indispensable in professional discourse in order to enable unambiguous communication; in the process terminology users assign a preferred term to a delimited concept via consensus, with an onomasiological approach. Terminology standardization work is performed, on the one hand, by language planning bodies (e.g. the Catalan TermCat), and on the other hand, by technical committees in international, European and national standardization bodies (the Hungarian Standardization Body in Hungary). The main steps of terminology standardization are as follows: i) to set the concept by formulating a definition accepted via consensus of the experts, ii) to register the preferred term representing the concept via consensus as well, iii) then to register the eventually acceptable synonyms and avoidable terms. One of the most important parts of standardization-oriented terminology work is the registration and publication of the data. Language planning institutions publish the data in terminological dictionaries, glossaries and terminology databases, while standardization technical bodies create terminological standards. The ISO standards which have been studied and documented 8

9 in my dissertation have two main types: 1) some standards register the characteristics, accepted via consensus, of terminology products, processes, services, therefore they are independent standard documents; 2) others contain the preferred terms determined via experts consensus with the related definitions, they might be chapters within standard documents related to a standard or a group of standards. The standardization of terms can be performed within a language or among languages, and as a result of the process a standard terminology is formulated. The terminology formulated during the standardization process, which is registered in terminology databases, is important not only in the communication of experts, but also in everyday translation practice, since the terminology databases, which have been compiled with an onomasiological approach, and are continuously updated, are the most useful translation tools. I studied the issue of terminology harmonization in a separate chapter. Based on the reviewed literature I defined terminology harmonization as a complementary process of terminology standardization, not contrary to it. Since I define terminology standardization as a process which is linked to technical standardization on the one hand, on the other hand as a language planning process, in the second part of the literature review I studied how terminology standardization issues can be connected with language policy and language strategy according to the academic publications, and I showed how the specific steps of terminology development are realized in some countries. 2) I studied the connection between terminology standardization and translation, and I focused on the analysis of translation tools, especially the compilation of terminology databases and the process of localization as the main connecting fields. I defined the terminology database (based on Sermann, Tamás 2010 and 2013) as a compilation of electronically stored terminology data, which has been prepared with an onomasiological approach, and it can be compiled after the registration of the concept system of a specific domain. This form of database contains the terms of one or more domains with the related definition in one or more languages. The centrally compiled terminology databases, which have been validated by experts, play a significant role in terminology standardization and harmonization within a specific domain, since standardized terms and definitions serve as primary references for translators and 9

10 experts. Their main advantage is the fact that they are available on the Internet, they can be easily updated in an interactive way. Finally I compared the characteristics of terminology databases with those of the online dictionaries, and (based on Sermann, Tamás 2013) I tried to distinguish the two categories. I compared the steps of the localization process with traditional translation process (Klaudy 2004). I described localization as a multistep, complex process, in which translation has a crucial role. In larger project it can be carried out by the collaboration of translators with the help of computer-aided translation software. The process always requires a standard terminology use, and it means not only the substitution of source language character chains with target language ones, but the adaptation of software elements to the specific locale as well. 3) After the literature review I performed a document analysis on terminological ISO standards. The scope of analysis was on the one hand, to complete the literature data, on the other hand, to consider the possible ways of their application in two significant fields: the training of terminologists, interpreters and translators and terminology database compilation (IP1). First, I studied all the terminological ISO standards which were in force at the time of the research, and I selected the linguistic-related ones: ISO :2011 Terminological entries in standards General requirements and examples of presentation ISO 704: 2009 Terminology work principles and methods ISO 860:2007 Terminology work harmonization of concepts and terms ISO 22128:2008 Terminology products and services overview and guidance ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented terminography ISO 29383:2010 Terminology policies Development and implementation After summarizing the most important elements of the linguistics-related ISO standards I stated that standardization plays an important part of the curriculum of the master level training in terminology at the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church, Faculty of Humanities (Fóris 2012). I highlighted the importance of the 10

11 terminological approach and terminology standards in translator training with the help of academic publications (Dróth 2011, Tamás 2010), then I proposed the application of some standards, which have been documented in the dissertation, in the courses. I listed the elements of the documented standards which can be used in the compilation of databases, I highlighted the main data categories described in the standards. It is important to emphasize that the analysis of terminology standards might be useful in other research fields as well (e.g. the comparison of the characteristics of terminology products with the content of lexicographical publications, the study of database compilation in collaboration with IT experts etc.). 4) After the literature review and the document analysis I described two case studies. The first case study, which is connected to international terminology standardization, and, in part, to corporate terminology standardization, aimed at the analysis of terminology standardization in the localization process of the Microsoft Windows operating system (IP2). As research method I selected the semi-structured interview (see Cserné 1994, Fóris 2008) with Mónika Antunovics, programme manager, former language expert of the Microsoft Magyarország Kft., and I studied the dictionaries of Microsoft available on the Internet. As the result of the study I found that terminology standardization in the localization process of the analysed operating system is indispensable, because 1) the terminologies of the old and the new versions must be used simultaneously in the newly introduced product, 2) translation is done by translation agencies, several translators work simultaneously, the deadline is short, since the target language products have to be launched at the same time with the source language one, 3) and the terminology which reflects a standard, consistent and current language use makes the operating system as a product manageable, understandable and marketable. The consistent terminology is provided by the use of computer-aided translation software. New terms are created respecting the current language use, through the consensus of IT experts, translators and terminologists. In the localization process we see not only the collaboration of experts and terminologists, but through the Microsoft Terminology Forum anyone can participate in the terminology creation process, since the operating system is made for millions of users. The approved standard terminology is made public by Microsoft, is available on 11

12 the Internet, therefore it is useful for experts, users, translators and document writers. Since Windows terminology is not made for a narrow circle of experts, the company respects the current language use at the product launch; they revise and harmonize the terminology of the previous version with the new one. 5) The second case study is linked to national terminology standardization, and it contains two parts. The scope of the first part was to show the content of some terminology development-related webpages from Spain by starting from the webpage of the Spanish Terminology Association (AETER) which comprises several hyperlinks of terminology institutions and associations. The scope of research was to give an insight of the terminology development initiatives in Spain (IP3). In the case study the terminology-related webpages are organized into five groups: Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Galician webpages, and a fifth group with two webpages which are linked not exclusively to the official languages of Spain, but to other languages as well. In the case study I found several common initiatives of the different terminology centres and associations which were presented via their webpages: developing the technical and scientific terminology, standardizing and harmonizing terminology, handling neologisms, presenting online terminological data preferably in databases which can be periodically updated, the collaboration of domain experts and terminologists, aligning national terminology work with the work of different language communities, presenting and disseminating terminographical data. According to the webpages which were described in the case study, we can experience a systematic terminology work in Spain, especially in the field of the Catalan, the Basque and the Galician languages, the different terminology associations harmonize their work with each other, terminology databases, specialized dictionaries and glossaries are created; and these processes may serve as a model for other countries, such as Hungary. The scope of the second part of the case study on national terminology standardization was the comparative analysis of the structural and formal characteristics of six terminology databases from Spain (four Catalan, one Basque and one Spanish): 1. Cercaterm, 2. Neoloteca (both are TERMCAT s databases), 3. UBTerm, the Barcelona University s database, 4. UPCTerm, the database of the 12

13 Technical University of Catalonia, 5. Euskalterm, the Basque national termbase, and 6. Oncoterm, the database of the Universities of Granada, Malaga, Valladolid and of the Virgen de las Nieves Hospital. For the analysis I applied the aspects which had been used by Tamás (2009, 2010) for the detailed study of the TERMit database of the Translator and Interpreter Training Institute of Trieste University (IP4). Based on the database analysis I concluded that only Oncoterm is characterized by a concept-centred displaying mode, in which the title of the terminological entry is the English main term, the concept structures are displayed as well, the central element of the terminological entry is the concept with English and Spanish definitions, and with the term in both languages. The online displays of the other databases are rather similar to online dictionaries displays, where the central element is the headword followed by other data. The online display of four of the databases which have been studied (Cercaterm, UBTerm, UPC Term, Euskalterm) is word-centred, they feature the properties of online dictionaries, and they do not have the characteristics of classical, concept-centred databases. On a display level Oncoterm is concept-centred: the central element of the database is the concept, which is represented by the definition, one term and one terminological entry belong to each concept. In Neoloteca the representation of the entry is headword-centred, the main element of the entry is the headword followed by the other elements. However, in the database description we find that concepts have been defined systematically, and a preferred term has been assigned to each concept, which is an important characteristic of concept-centred databases. The database does not contain concept structures, and in this case we may assume that the exact structuring of the concepts has not been outlined. Therefore Neoloteca contains the characteristics of classical terminology databases only in part. I selected Oncoterm as a model to follow, because this type of database is the most suitable for the registration of terminological data: the entry contains the minimum data categories which have been proposed by the ISO standards, and based on the entry we can determine the exact location of the term within the conceptual system. As I stressed in the Introduction terminology standardization and harmonization do not gain sufficient attention in Hungary as a research field and as an important part of linguistic services. A change in attitude is needed in this field, to which I would like 13

14 to contribute with my research carried out within the dissertation. The standard terminology organized in databases, which is the result of terminology standardization is important not only in the communication of the experts of different domains, but it is an indispensable translation tool as well. 7. Possibilities for the utilization of the results The results of my research offer various possibilities for application: the description of the terminology standardization and harmonization process can constitute the starting point for further theoretical research, and it can establish the basis of the practical work in this field; the research carried out in the field of terminology standardization, harmonization and translation tools can initiate to reveal other connections; the terminology ISO standards which have been analysed in the dissertation can be applied in terminologist, translator and interpreter training courses and in the compilation of terminology databases; by starting from the UNESCO guidelines and the ISO standard for terminology policies the tasks of the Hungarian terminology policies can be formulated; the case studies which have been described in the dissertation can serve as examples for the formulation and realization of national and corporate terminology standardization. 14

15 8. References Bölcskei A A szabványosítás online vetülete: angol nyelvű webhelyek. Magyar Terminológia 3. évfolyam, 1. szám, Bölcskei A. 2011a. A szabványügy és a magyar nyelv: a szabványosítás online forrásai az információszerzés, a terminológiai munka és az oktatás szolgálatában. Magyar Nyelvőr 135. évfolyam, 3. szám, Bölcskei A. 2011b. A szabványosítás online forrásai a Kárpát-medencében. In: Híres- László K., Karmacsi Z., Márku A. (szerk.) Nyelvi mítoszok, ideológiák, nyelvpolitika és nyelvi emberi jogok Közép-Európában elméletben és gyakorlatban. A 16. Élőnyelvi Konferencia előadásai. Budapest, Beregszász: Tinta Könyvkiadó, II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola Hodinka Antal Intézete Cserné Á. G Bevezetés a pedagógiai kutatás módszereibe: kutatásmódszertan. Pécs: JPTE Távoktatási Központ. Dróth J A fordítások értékelése a szakfordítóképzésben és a fordítói munka világában. Fordítástudomány XIII. évfolyam, 2. szám, Falus I. (szerk.) Bevezetés a pedagógiai kutatás módszereibe. Budapest: Műszaki Könyvkiadó. Falus I., Ollé J Az empirikus kutatások gyakorlata. Adatfeldolgozás és statisztikai elemzés. Budapest: Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó. Flyvbjerg, B Five Misunderstandings About Case-Study Research. In: Qualitative Iniquiry. Volume 12, Number 2. ( [a letöltés ideje: november 10.] Fóris Á., B. Papp E A terminológiai szabványosítás és harmonizáció a nyelvi jogok érvényesítésének szolgálatában. In: Híres-László K., Karmacsi Z., Márku A. (szerk.) Nyelvi mítoszok, ideológiák, nyelvpolitika és nyelvi emberi jogok Közép-Európában elméletben és gyakorlatban. A 16. Élőnyelvi Konferencia előadásai. Budapest, Beregszász: Tinta Könyvkiadó, II. Rákóczi Ferenc Kárpátaljai Magyar Főiskola Hodinka Antal Intézete

16 Fóris Á., Sermann E A terminológiai szabványosítás és a terminológiai harmonizáció. Magyar Terminológia 3. évfolyam, 1. szám, Fóris Á Hat terminológia lecke. Pécs: Lexikográfia Kiadó. Fóris Á Kutatásról nyelvészeknek. Bevezetés a tudományos kutatás módszertanába. Budapest: Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó. Galinski, Ch., Weissinger, R Terminológiai szabványosítás és fordítási szabványok. (Ford. B. Papp E.) Magyar Terminológia 3. évfolyam, 1. szám, Klaudy K Bevezetés a fordítás elméletébe. Budapest: Scholastica. Kvale, S Az interjú. Bevezetés a kvalitatív kutatás interjútechnikáiba. Budapest: Jószöveg Műhely. Maykut, P., Morehouse, R Beginning Qualitative Research. A Philosophic and Practical Guide. London/Washington D.C. The Falmer Press. Nádasi M A dokumentumelemzés. In: Falus I. (szerk.) Bevezetés a pedagógiai kutatás módszereibe. Budapest: Műszaki Könyvkiadó Pónyai Gy Szabványosítás és terminológia. Magyar Terminológia 3. évfolyam, 1. szám, 3 7. Sántha K Bevezetés a kvalitatív pedagógiai kutatás módszertanába. Budapest: Eötvös József Kiadó. Sermann E., Tamás D Hogyan definiálhatjuk a fordítói adatbázist? Egy olasz és egy spanyol fordítói terminológiai adatbázis vizsgálata. In: Károly K., Fóris Á. (szerk.) Nyelvek találkozása a fordításban. Doktori kutatások Klaudy Kinga tiszteletére. Budapest: ELTE Eötvös Kiadó Sermann E., Tamás D Elektronikus szótár vagy terminológiai adatbázis? In: A XXII. MANYE Kongresszus előadásai. Szeged április Budapest Szeged: MANYE Szegedi Egyetemi Kiadó Juhász Gyula Felsőoktatási Kiadó Szabolcs É Kvalitatív kutatási metodológia a pedagógiában. Budapest: Műszaki Könyvkiadó. 16

17 Tamás D A gazdasági szakszövegek fordításának terminológiai kérdéseiről az olasz-magyar nyelvpár esetében. Doktori értekezés. Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola. ELTE. Budapest. (Kézirat). Sources Electronic sources [2011. június 25.] [a letöltés ideje: március 17.] Terminology databases Cercaterm [2012. február 20.] Neoloteca [2012. február 20.] UBTerm [2012. február 20.] UPCTerm [2012. február 20.] Euskalterm [2012. február 20.] Oncoterm [2012. február 20.] ISO standards ISO :2011 Terminological entries in standards General requirements and examples of presentation ISO 704: 2009 Terminology work principles and methods ISO 860:2007 Terminology work harmonization of concepts and terms ISO 22128:2008 Terminology products and services overview and guidance ISO 12616:2002 Translation-oriented terminography ISO 29383:2010 Terminology policies Development and implementation 17

18 9. List of publications Publications and scientific lectures connected to subject of the thesis Papers: Sermann E Körkép a spanyol fordítástudományról. [An overview of Translation Studies in Spain] Fordítástudomány. VII. évf. 2. szám Fóris Á., Sermann E Cenni sul terminology policies in Ungheria. In: Papo, Adriano (a cura di) Quaderni Vergeriani. Annuario dell Associazione Culturale Italoungherese del Friuli Venezia Giulia «Pier Paolo Vergerio». Duino Aurisina. Anno III, n Kis B., Sermann E Honosítás és idegenítés az informatikai terminológiában. [Domestication and foreignization in the IT terminology] In: Sárdi Csilla (szerk.): Kommunikáció az információs technológia korszakában. A XVII. MANYE Kongresszus előadásai. Siófok április (A MANYE Kongresszusok előadásai 4.) Vol 4/1. MANYE Kodolányi János Fősikola, Pécs Siófok Sermann E A terminológiai szabványosítás és harmonizáció elméleti és gyakorlati kérdéseiről. [About theoretical and practical issues of terminology standardization and harmonization] In: A XVIII. Magyar Alkalmazott Nyelvészeti Kongresszus április 3-5. előadásainak gyűjteményes kötete. II. kötet Fóris Á., Sermann E A terminológiai szabványosítás és a terminológiai harmonizáció. [Terminology standardization and terminology harmonization] Magyar Terminológia. 3. évf. 1. szám Sermann E Sobre un modelo de organización terminológica: el proyecto TERMINESP. In: Mihalovics Á., Balogh J. (szerk.) Études Françaises 5. Languages de spécialité: recherches et formations. Linguaggi specialistici: ricerca e formazione. Lenguajes para propósitos específicos: investigación y formación. Nemzetközi, francia olasz spanyol nyelvű konferencia. A szaknyelvek oktatása és kutatása június Veszprém: Pannon Egyetem Kiadó

19 Sermann E., Tamás D Hogyan definiálhatjuk a fordítói adatbázist? Egy olasz és egy spanyol fordítói terminológiai adatbázis vizsgálata. [How to define the translator database? The analysis of an Italian and a Spanish terminology database] In: Fóris Á., Károly K. (szerk.) Nyelvek találkozása a fordításban. Doktori kutatások Klaudy Kinga tiszteletére., Budapest: ELTE Eötvös Kiadó Sermann E A terminológiai szabványosítás a lokalizáció folyamatában. [Terminology standardization in the localization process] Fordítástudomány XIII. évf. 3. szám Sermann E Spanyolországi terminológiai adatbázisok tartalmi és formai jellemzőinek vizsgálata. [Structural and functional elements of Spanish terminology databases] In: A XXII. MANYE Kongresszus előadásai. Szeged április Budapest Szeged: MANYE Szegedi Egyetemi Kiadó Juhász Gyula Felsőoktatási Kiadó Sermann E., Tamás D Elektronikus szótár vagy terminológiai adatbázis? [Electronic dictionary or terminology database?] In: A XXII. MANYE Kongresszus előadásai. Szeged április Budapest Szeged: MANYE Szegedi Egyetemi Kiadó Juhász Gyula Felsőoktatási Kiadó Reviews: Sermann E Sulyok Hedvig: Magyar-olasz és olasz-magyar szójegyzék Verancsics Faustus Dictionariuma alapján. [Hungarian-Italian and Italian- Hungarian glossaries on the basis of Verancsics Faustus Dictionarium] Magyar Egyháztörténeti Vázlatok. 17. évf szám Sermann E Fóris Ágota, Tóth Szergej (szerk.): Ezerarcú lexikon. [Varicoloured lexicon] Terminologia et Corpora Supplementum. Tomus II. Alkalmazott Nyelvtudomány. 7. évf szám Sermann Eszter M. Magris, M. T. Musacchio, Rega, F. Scarpa (szerk.): Manuale di terminologia. Hoepli, Milano. Magyar Terminológia. I. évf. 1. szám Sermann E Magay T. (szerk.): Félmúlt és közeljövő. [Recent past and next future] Magyar Terminológia. I. évf. 2. szám

20 Sermann E Fóris Ágota: Kutatásról nyelvészeknek. Bevezetés a tudományos kutatás módszertanába. [About research for linguists] Magyar Nyelvőr évf. 1. szám Sermann E Schroeder, G., Iker B.: Olasz-magyar, magyar-olasz turisztikai szótár. [Italian-Hungarian, Hungarian-Italian tourism dictionary] Szeged: Grimm Kiadó. Magyar Terminológia 4. évf. 1. szám Conference reports: Sermann E., Zsembery E II. Lektori Konferencia. A fordítások értékelése és javítása az oktatásban és a vizsgáztatásban. [2 nd Readers Conference. Translation Assessment and Correction in Training Courses and Exams] Monoszló, október 6 8. Fordítástudomány VIII. évf. 2. szám Sermann E., Szladek E., Tamás D Nemzetközi, francia olasz spanyol nyelvű konferencia. A szaknyelvek oktatása és kutatása. [International French-Italian- Spanish Language Conference. Teaching and Research of Technical Languages] Veszprém, június Magyar Terminológia, 1. évf. 2. szám. Lectures: Sermann E. Értékelés a szegedi fordítóképzésben. [Assessment in translator training in Szeged] Elhangzott: II. Monoszlói Lektori Konferencia október 6-8. Monoszló. Sermann E., Kis B. Honosítás és idegenítés az informatikai terminológiában. [Domestication and foreignization in the IT terminology] Elhangzott: XVII. MANYE Kongresszus április Siófok. Sermann E. A műfordítás lektorálása fordítói szemmel. [Revising literary translation a translator s aspect] Elhangzott: III. Monoszlói Lektori Konferencia június Monoszló. Sermann E. A terminológiai szabványosítás és harmonizáció elméleti és gyakorlati kérdéseiről. [About theoretical and practical issues of terminology standardization and harmonization] Elhangzott: XVIII. MANYE Kongresszus április 3-5. Budapest. 20

21 Sermann E. Sobre un modelo de organización terminológica: el proyecto TERMINESP. Elhangzott: A szaknyelvek oktatása és kutatása konferencia június Veszprém. Fóris Á., Sermann E. Due attività terminologiche: la normalizzazione e l armonizzazione. Elhangzott: VI Convegno Scientifico di Civiltà e Cultura Italiana október 2 3. Szombathely. Sermann E. A terminológia és a fordítás szerepe a magyar szabványokban. [The role of terminology and translation in Hungarian technical standards] Elhangzott: XIX. Magyar Alkalmazott Nyelvészeti Kongresszus április Eszterházy Károly Főiskola. Eger. Sermann E., Tamás D. Hogyan definiálhatjuk a fordítói adatbázist? Egy olasz és egy spanyol fordítói terminológiai adatbázis vizsgálata. [How to define the translator database? The analysis of an Italian and a Spanish terminology database] Elhangzott: Fóris Á., Károly K. (szerk.) Nyelvek találkozása a fordításban. Doktori kutatások Klaudy Kinga tiszteletére c. kötet bemutatója október 8. ELTE, Budapest. Sermann E. A terminológiai szabványosítás szerepe a lokalizáció folyamatában. [Terminology standardization in the localization process] Elhangzott: VIII. Fordítástudományi PhD Konferencia április 7. ELTE, Budapest. Sermann E., Tamás D. Online szótár vagy terminológiai adatbázis? [Online dictionary or terminology database?] Elhangzott: XII. MANYE Kongresszus, április Szeged. Sermann E. Spanyolországi terminológiai adatbázisok tartalmi és formai jellemzőinek vizsgálata. [Structural and functional elements of Spanish terminology databases] Elhangzott: XII. MANYE Kongresszus, április Szeged. Sermann E. A terminológiafejlesztés eszközei és módszerei Spanyolországban. [Terminology development tools and methods in Spain] Elhangzott: XXIII. MANYE Kongresszus, március ELTE BTK, Budapest 21

22 Publications not closely connected to the subject: Sermann E A motiváció szerepe a fordítás oktatásában. [The role of motivation in translator training] In: Dróth, J. (szerk.): Szaknyelv és Szakfordítás. Gödöllő: Szent István Egyetem, GTK Sermann E Oktatási módszerek a fordítóképzésben. [Teaching methods in translator training] In: Szépe Gy. (szerk.): Szegedi Nyelvi Mozaik. Szeged: SZTE