BIBLIOGRAPHIA NUMISMATICAE HUNGARICAE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN NUMISMATICS DIE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER UNGARISCHEN NUMISMATIK

BIBLIOGRAPHIA NUMISMATICAE HUNGARICAE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN NUMISMATICS DIE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER UNGARISCHEN NUMISMATIK A MAGYAR NUMIZMATIKA BIBLIOGRÁFIÁJA

F. FEJÉR M Á RIA-H U SZÁ R LAJOS BIBLIOGRAPHIA NUMISMATICAE HUNGARICAE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF HUNGARIAN NUMISMATICS DIE BIBLIOGRAPHIE DER UNGARISCHEN NUMISMATIK A MAGYAR NUMIZMATIKA BIBLIOGRÁFIÁJA AKADÉMIAI KIADÓ BUDAPEST 1977

ISBN 963 05 0892 3 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest 1977 Printed in Hungary *

CONSPECTUS RERUM Praefatio... 13 Index periodicorum, serierum, annalium inspectorum, index operum saepius citatorum e t abbreviationum... 41 I. B ibliographiae... 63 II. O pera generalia. S um m ana... 65 III. Catalogi num m orum... 65 IV. Indices generales num m orum repertorum... 68 V. Medium A evum (Summarium)... 70 VI. A etas A rpadiana (Saecula X I X III)... 73 V II. Medium A evum E xtrem um (Saecula X IV X V )... 89 V III. R ecentius A evum (Summarium)... 104 IX. R ecentius A evum (ab anno M D X X V I usque ad annum MDCCL) 106 X. R ecentius A evum (ab anno MDCCL usque ad annum MDCCCLVII)... 130 X I. R ecentius A evum (ab anno MDCCCLVII usque ad annum M CM XVIII) 138 X II. R ecentius A evum (ab anno MCMXIX usque ad annum M CM LXXIII) 147 X III. A etas R ákócziana... 152 X IV. P rincipatus Transylvaniae... 166 XV. Slavonia, C r o a tia... 164 XVI. Provinciae. M onetae ex necessitate. Monetae a privatis cusae. Relationes H m igaricae num m orum externorum... 166 X V II. C harta m onetalis... 173 X V III. N um m i m em oriales (S u m m ariu m )... 187 X IX. N um m i m em oriales vetustiores (ante annum MDCCCLXVII)... 192 X X. N um m i m em oriales reeentiores (post annum M DCCCLXVII)... 220 X X I. Tessera. Insigne... 247 X X II. Ordo. O rnam entum... 251 X X III. Collectiones privatae. Collectores num m orum. P eriti n u m m o ru m... 255 X X IV. Musea. Collectiones p u b lic a e... 268 XXV. Societates. Sodalitates... 288 X X V I. Expositiones. C o n g ressu s... 292 X X V II. Technica. R e s ta u ra tio... 298 X X V III. M iscellanea... 303 Index nom inum... 308 5

CONTENTS In tro d u c tio n... 19 L ist and abbrevations o f periodicals, serial works, yearbooks and frequently quoted publications... 41 I. Bibliographies... 53 II. General works. Sum m aries... 55 I II. Catalogues of coins... 65 IV. Sum m arized lists o f coin findings... 68 V. Middle Ages (su m m a ry )... 70 V I. Age o f the Á rpáds (11 13tb centuries)... 73 V II. L ate Middle Ages (14th 15th c e n tu rie s )... 89 V III. Modern tim es (summary)... 104 IX. Modern tim es (1526 1750)... 106 X. Modern tim es (1750-1857)... 130 X I. Modern tim es (1857 1918)... 138 X II. Modern tim es (1919 1973)... 147 X III. Times of the K u ru ts... 152 X IV. The P rincipality of T ransylvania... 156 XV. Slavonia. C r o a tia... 164 X V I. Provinces. E m ergency currencies. P riv ate coinage. Foreign relations 166 X V II. P aper m oney... 173 X V III. Medals (sum m ary)... 187 X IX. A ncient m edals (before 1 8 6 7 )... 192 X X. M odern m edals (since 1867)... 220 X X I. Tokens. Badges... 247 X X II. Orders. Badges of h o n o u r... 251 X X III. Collection of m edals. Collectors. N um ism atists... 255 X X IV. Museums. P ublic collections... 268 XXV. Societies. Associations... 288 X X V I. E xhibitions. Congresses... 292 X X V II. Technology. R estoration... 298 X X V III. Miscellaneous... 303 A uthor index... 308 7

INHALTSVERZEICHNIS E in le itu n g... 27 Die L iste der durchgesehenen Z eitschriften, Schriftenreihen, Jah rb ü ch er, häufiger vorkom m enden W erke und ihi er A bkürzungen... 41 I. Bibliographien... 53 II. Allgemeine W erke. Zusam menfassungen... 55 III. M ünzkataloge... 65 IV. Zusam menfassende Listen von Münzfunden... 68 V. M itt lalter (Z usam m enfassend)... 70 VI. Á rpádenzeit (11. 13. Jh.)... 73 V II. S pätm ittelalter (14. 15. J h. )... 89 V III. N euzeit (Zusamm enfassend)... 104 IX. N euzeit (1526-1750)... 106 X. N euzeit (1750-1857)... 130 X I. N euzeit (1857 1918)... 138 X II. N euzeit (1919-1973)... 147 X III. K u ru tz e n z e it... 152 X IV. F ürstentum Siebenbürgen... 156 XV. Slawonien, K roatien... 164 XV I. Provinzen. N otgelder. P riv ate M ünzprägung. Beziehungen zum A usland 166 X V II. Papiergeld... 173 X V III. Medaillen (Z usam m enfassend)... 187 X IX. Alte Medaillen (vor 1867)... 192 X X. Neuere Medaillen (nach 1 8 6 7 )... 220 X X I. Jetons. M arken. Abzeichen... 247 X X II. Orden. Ehrenzeichen... 251 X X III. M ünzensam mlung. M ünzensammler. N u m ism a tik e r... 255 X X IV. Museen. Öffentliche Sammlungen... 268 XXV. Vereine. G esellsch aften... 288 X XVI. Ausstellungen. K o n g resse... 292 X X V II. Technik. R estaurierung... 298 X X V III. Verschiedenes... 303 N am enregister... 308 9

TARTALOMJEGYZÉK Bevezetés... 35 Az átn éz ett folyóiratok, sorozatok, évkönyvek, g yakrabban előforduló m űvek és rövidítéseik jegyzéke... 41 I. Bibliográfiák... 53 II. Á ltalános m űvek, összefoglalások... 55 I I I. É rem katalógusok... 65 IV. É rem leletek összefoglaló je g y zék ei... 68 V. K özépkor (összefoglaló)... 70 V I. Á rpád-kor ( X I - X I I I. sz.)... 73 V II. Késő középkor (X IV -X V. sz.)... 89 V III. Ú jkor (Összefoglaló)... 104 IX. Ú jkor (1526-1750)... 106 X. Ú jkor (1750-1857)... 130 X I. Ú jkor (1857-1918)... 138 X II. Ú jkor (1919-1973)... 147 X III. K uruc kor... 152 X IV. E rdélyi fejedelemség... 156 XV. Szlavónia. H o rv á to rsz á g... 164 X V I. T artom ányok. Szükségpénzek. M agánpénzverés. Külföldi kapcsolatok 166 X V II. P apírpénz... 173 X V III. Em lékérem (Összefoglaló)... 187 X IX. Régi em lékérm ek (1867 előtt)... 192 X X. Ú jabb emlékérmek (1867 után)... 220 X X I. Jeton. Bárca. Jelvény... 247 X X II. R endjel. K itüntető jelvény... 251 X X III. É rem gyűjtés. Érem gyűjtők. N u m izm atik u so k... 255 X X IV. M úzeumok. K özgyűjtem ények... 268 X X V. Egyesületek. T ársulatok... 288 X X V I. K iállítások. Kongresszusok... 292 X X V II. Technika. R e sta u rá lá s... 298 X X V III. Vegyes... 303 N é v m u ta tó... 308 11

PRAEFATIO Consilium m onum enta ad num ism aticam Hungaricam speccantia colligendi anno MCMLIV auctoritate publica propositum est, ea quidem ratione, u t ea bibliographia supplem ento esset operi B a n n e r J á n o s J a k a b f f y I m r e : A Közép-Dunamedence régészeti bibliográfiája a legrégibb időktől a XI. századig (Bibliographia archaeologica regionis in tra montes Carpathicos sitae ab antiquissimis temporibus usque ad saeculum XI). Qua ex causa auctores operis citati d ata numismatica sibi nec elaboranda nec edenda censebant. Sic accessum est ad m ateriam num ism aticam conquirendam m andatum dedit Centrum Publicum Museorum (Múzeumok Országos Központja) tunc temporis exsistens, ita tam en, u t m onum enta omnia ad regionem supra dicta.m p ertinentia com prehenderentur. M ateria per annos congesta divisione quadam naturali in duas sectiones bene separatas distributa erat. Sectio altera data num ism atica regionis intra Carpathes sitae complectitur, quae ad historiam aetatis antiquae migrationis que gentium illustrant, itaque parallela est cum m ateria operis supra citati. Sectio autem altera continet m onumenta a saeculo X I usque ad nostram aetatem scripta de historia monetali, de arte medaliarum et de collectione num m orum H ungaricorum. Quoniam m ateria primae sectionis haud completa est, nam varia scripta historica et archaeologica rerum publicarum adiacentium non sunt adhuc omnia perlecta, m ateria autem secundae sectionis absoluta perfectaque dici potest, in praesentia haec sectio secunda sola editur. Eo magis, quod m ateria to ta amplissima non nisi in duobus voluminibus divisa edi posset. Bibliographiam argum enti huius idoneam nullam habemus, quod per se probat editionem materiae iam collectae sine mora congerendae m a teriae ad sectionem prim am necessariae interposita. Hoc opus complectitur scripta quae legi possunt omnia Hungarica Hungarosve spectantia in classes quasdam speciales divisa. M ateriam in partes nimium concisas dividere noluimus, u t scripta ad eandem rem pertinentia quam facillime reperiri possent. Proposuimus rationem reddere omnium scriptorum etiam modicorum, quae de historia monetali et de arte mcdaliarum collectione que nummorum Hungaricorum legi possunt. Omnibus monumentis de re Hungarorum num m aria scriptis, sive in H ungaria sive foris editis usi sumus scilicet quantum fieri poterat. At negleximus ea, in quibus non directe res num m aria Hungarica agitur, quamvis illa peritis num m orum etiam H ungaris usui sed solum indirecte esse possint. 13 %

Nam si d ata illius generis conquisissemus, difficillime termini operae longe et late diffusae poni possent. Eodem modo et eadem ratione praetermisimus publicationes in Hungaria quidem editas, quae non numismaticam nostram spectant. Propositum ergo definitum habemus data bibliographica Hungarica aut H ungáriám spectantia in medium proferre u ltra tendere nolumus. Ad hoc propositum assequendum omnia periodica num ism atica, archaeologica, historica artisque, quae in bibliothecis publicis nostris reperiri possunt, inspeximus, nec non bibliographias iam editas retractavim us. Scilicet suscipere non potuimus, u t omnia scripta in diversis commentariis imaginibus ornatis aut diurnis edita referremus, id est inspiceremus, sed si de scripto quodam eiusmodi generis ubivis edito certiores facti sumus, operam dedim us, u t eo uterem ur. Index proprius exponit periodica systematice inspecta. Idem index abbreviationes quoque periodicorum saepius citatorum complectitur. Abbreviationes ad usum communem et consuetudinem accomodaturi eramus, modificationes tam en nonnullas introduximus, quae ad abbreviationes facilius intellegendas nonnihil afferrent. E x abbreviationibus nostris plerumque coniectura capi totius tituli potest, quod singulae litterae et sigla non perm ittunt, immo lectores ad titulos laboz iose requirendos cogunt. Non nisi titulos et loca editionis periodicorum notam us, at si tituli m utantur, annos quoque om nium m utationum signamus. D ata bibliographica in his duodetriginta partibus genus materiae sequentibus disposita sunt. I. Bibliographiae. Haec pars bibliographias speciales adhuc editas enum erat. 11. Opera generalia. Summaria. Hac in parte publicationes inveniuntur quae historiam monetalem Hungaricam summatim tractan t, deinde studia theoretica, denique commentatiunculae, quae singulas notiones numismaticas explicant. Id est praecipue publicationes, quae ad aliquam aetatem definitam adiungi non possunt, quarumve argum entum ad plures periodos attinet. III. Catalogi nummorum. Ibi indicantur catalogi diversorum negotiatorum, qui vendicationes aut auctiones nummorum proponunt, si in illis omnino aut magna ex parte nummi Hungarici insunt. Hic selectio quaedam adhibenda erat secundum genus et m omentum catalogorum. Catalogi enim paene omnes num mos Hungaricos quoque plura a u t pauciora proferunt, sed non nisi catalogi collectionum maiorum memoratu digni sunt. IV. Indices generales nummorum repertorum. Haec pars continet data indicum secundum varias rationes compositorum, qui indices reperta sive periodi cuiusdam longioris sive regionis cuiusdam describunt, ergo ob genus proprium suum ad aetatem ullam definitam adiungi non possunt. V. M edium Aevum (Sum m arium ). M onumenta bibliographica totum Medium Aevum spectantia. V I. Aetas Arpadiana (Saecula X I X I I I) VII. M edium Aevum Extremum (Saecula X IV XV). Hae partes continent monumenta, quae nummos et historiam monetalem aetatum in titulis indicatarum explicant. 14

Eadem est ratio m ateriam aetatum posteriorum distribuendi, e t quidem: VIII Recentius Aevum (Sum m arium ) I X. Recentius Aevum (ab anno MDXXVI usque ad annum MDGGL) X. Recentius Aevum (ab anno MDCCL usque ad annum, M D C C C LV II) X I. Recentius Aevum (ab anno M D C C C LV II usque ad annum M C M. XVIII) XII. Recentius Aevum (ab anno MCMXIX usque ad annum MCMLXXII1). Haec periodisatio unam e t solam rationem habet : historiam monetalem. Itaque pars IX m onumenta ad rem monetarum cusarum a medio saeculo XVI usque ad medium saeculum X V III re vera parem spectantia complectitur, pars X analecta ad ligam conventionalem spectantia, pars X I ea ad historiam nummorum Monarchiae Austriaco-Hungarieae pertinentia, denique pars X II m onum enta historiae nummorum Hungáriáé sui iuris continet. In datis bibliographicis aevi recentioris prodendis selectione quadam uti debuimus. Nam res monetales H ungariae et provinciarum A ustriacarum tempore domus regnatricis Austriacae (annis M DXXVI MXMXVI11) nimirum artissime inter se connexaeerant. Itaque nonnunquam dubitari potest, utrum scripta quaedam ad Hungaros pertineant ac non p ertin ean t. Com m entatiunculae complures editae sunt, quae rem m onetalem diversarum provinciarum Austriacarum tractant, ergo non directe rem num ism aticam H ungaricam spectant, tam en referendae videri p o tu erunt, quia praecipue a saeculo X V II constitutiones provinciarum m onetales plerumque in H ungaria quoque ratae erant. Enum eratio autem illius generis com m entariolorum m ateriam colligendam nimium am plificavisset. In hoc problém aié non levi decernendo res peropportuna ostendeb a tu r: elenchum publicationum aliena quoque them ata tra c ta n tiu m o m ittere potuim us, quia G ü n t h e r P r o b sz x anno MGMLIV edendum curav it librum qui Quellenkunde der Münz- und Geldgeschichte der ehem a ligen Ö sterreichisch-ungarischen M onarchie (Fontes historiam num m o rum m onetarum que regni quondam Monarchia Austriaco-Hungarica dicti illustrantes) inscribitur, et qui bibliographiam uberrimam continet; liber ille postea d.uobus supplementis auctus est. Corpora et catalogi nimirum alia ratione aestimanda erant. Opus citatum quivis in prom ptu habet, immo homines docti, si historiam monetalem Hungaricam recentioris aevi pervestigaturi sunt, eo carere non possunt. Opus tam en Prohsztii quamvis copiosam materiam habens bibliographiae nostrae m unia explere non potest. Prim um, quia m ultum abest ab uberta te huius nostri libri, quam quam bibliographiam m onetarum to ta M onarchia cusarum, itaque historiam monetalem Hungaricam quoque elaborat. Deinde et praecipue quia omnes titulos publicationum quacumque lingua gentium Monarchiae scriptarum non nisi in sermonem Germanicum translatos edit. Itaque, exempli gratia, tituli Hungarici magno labore Hungaris doctis investigandi sunt, u t eos in studiis Hungarice scriptis afferre possint. XIII. Aetas liakócziana. Bibliographiam huius aetatis copiosam in parte separata referimus. Hic sunt m onumenta, quae monetas cusas tempore pugnae pro libertate recuperanda a Francisco II. Rákóczi initae tra c ta n t. *

Simili modo partes separatas form ant monumenta ad historiam monetalem harum regionum spectantia: XIV. Principatus Transylvaniae et X V. Slavonia e t Croatia. XVI. Provinciae. Monetae ex necessitate. Monetae a privatis cusae. Relationes Hungaricae nummorum externorum. Haec pars d a ta heterogena continet-. Nam iiic sunt congesta scripta de nummis provinciarum Hungáriáé, de nummis a privatis cusis, de monetis ex necessitate, de nummis externis ad formam Hungaricam cusis, de nummis Hungaricis peregre signatis, denique scripta de monetis externis, quae qualicumque modo ad Hungaros spectant. Ergo ratio huius partis componendae erat, u t analecta rem num m ariam H ungaricam illustrarent. XVII. Charta monetalis. D ata bibliographica hic promiscue comprehenduntur: scripta de chartis monetalibus ex Austria provenientibus, quae in H ungaria in usu erant; de notis mensarum et de notis rei publicae, neonon de chartis ex necessitate, quae qualicumque modo rem nummariam H ungaricam illustrant. Scripta de nummis memoriae alicuius aut alicuius rei inscriptis tribus partibus com plectuntur: XVIII. N um m i memoriales (Summarium) XIX, N um m i memoriales vetustiores (ante annum M D G C C LX V II) X X. N um m i memoriales recentiores (post annum M D G C C LX V II). Duas superiores periodos practice medium saeculum MCM disiungit, theoretice autem annus MDCCCLXVII. Annus ille caesura aestimari debet, quia per spatium viginti annorum post pugnam pro libertate initam fabricatio medaliarum in Hungaria quasi omnino intermissa erat. Paucae medaliae apud nos fabricatae omnes provenientiam Viennensem pro se ferunt. Non nisi doubus deceniis post pugnam exactis apparent nummi memoriales in H ungaria fabricati, post annum MDCCCLXVII, quam ob rem hunc annum apud nos notissimum confinium inter duas partes instituimus. In duabus partibus superioribus non solum textuum publicationes enumeravimus, sed mentionem fecimus nummorum memorialium quoque, quarum imagines in periodicis a nobis inspectis videntur. Causae huius generis saepe scrupulum iniciebant, nam imagines non nisi paucissimis verbis descriptae sunt, illae tam en ad cognoscenda opera artificum nonnihil, immo m ultum contribuunt. Nimirum imagines eiusmodi in aliis periodicis e t actis diurnis a nobis non inspectis -- reperiri possunt, sed, ut iam supra dixim us, munus u t omnia periodica et acta diurna in H ungaria edita inspicerem us, suscipere non potuim us. X X L Tessera. Insigne XXII. Ordo. Ornamentum. Tituli duarum partium superiorum accurate dem onstrant quae analecta in iis sunt scilicet solum ea quae ad Hungáriám 16

pertinent. Hic referimus opera, quae de omnibus obiectis nummiformibus scripta sunt, quae obiectanec m onetae, nec nummi memoriales dici possunt. XXIII. Collectiones 'privatae. Collectores nummorum. Periti nummorum. H uic parti inseruimus monumenta de nummis colligendis, de operis et collectionibus doctorum et indagatorum Hungarorum, de studiis eorundem scientificis scripta. XXIV. Musea. Collectiones publicae. Publicationes de corporibus thesaurisque collectionum publicarum, notificationes incrementorum m useorum et alia huiusce modi scripta hac parte continentur. Quod ad spatium tem poris ante annum MCMXVIII, sta tu m illius tem poris Hungáriáé re spexim us. Id est omnes publicationes proferim us, quae corpora collectionum illustrant, etsi illae collectiones in territorio rerum publicarum circumiacentium sitae sunt, quia ante annum MCMXVIII hae nummothecae H ungaricae erant, e t in om nibus fere collectionibus publicis plerum que m ateria argum enti Hungarici congesta et elaborata erat. Post annum MCMXVIII condicio m utata est, illarum collectionum monumenta ulteriora praetermisimus. Ubi collectiones publicas in ordinem urbium redegimus, nom en urbium hodiernum in uncis inclusimus. XXV. Societates. Sodalitates XXVI. Expositiones. Congressus. Duae superiores partes monumenta am plectuntur, quae de societatibus (consociationibus, circulis, etc.) H u n garorum, tum de expositionibus nummorum, denique de congressibus coetibusque quoquo modo num ism aticam H ungaricam spectantibus agunt. XXVII. Technica. Restauratio. Sub hoc titulo comprehendimus scripta, quae de nummis fabricandis, cudendis, flandis, generati de processibus num morum formandorum technicis, atque de supellectilibus officinarum, necnon de nummis detergendis, conservandis, a u t etiam in plura exem plaria reficiendis edita erant. XXVIII. Miscellanea. Hac parte omnia data proferimus, quorum argum entum ad num ism aticam nonnihil a ttin e t, attam en nulli partium superiorum inseri possunt. A t contra non referimus recensiones librorum et commentariorum, quia illae usu observato rarissime com m unicant aliud, quam sum m a rium brevius aut latius argum enti publicationum. Elencho huius generis datorum, re -vera inutilium, ob numerum periodicorum assidue crescentem, spatium vastissim um dandum fuisset. E ditio m ateriae nostrae omnino praescripta generalia et usum communem bibliographiarum observat. Non nisi raro si res quaedam specialis p ostulabat - a praescriptis digressi sumus. Titiüum uniuscuiusque publicationis (libri, commentationis, commentatiunculae, scripti brevioris) in forma sua originali, ita ut loco citato legi potest, proferimus. Sic evitaturi eramus am biguitates atque errores e commutatione scripturae nonnunquam natos. D ata omnium partium in ordinem alphabeticum redegimus, rationem habentes nominum auctorum, aut si publicatio quaedam nomen auctoris non praefert verborum, quibus titu li incipiunt. Scripta pseudonominibus, nominibus abbreviatis, aut solum litteris siglisve n o ta ta m agnam difficultatem attu leru n t. In huiusmodi casibus 2 A magyar numizmatika. 1 7

operam dabamus, ut, si fieri poterat loco abbreviationum et litterarum nom ina integra suppleremus ita, u t partes suppletas uncis inclusimus (ex. gr. G... n = G[OHL Ödö]n). Si potestas supplendi non d a b a tu r, abbreviationes forma in originali inseruimus ordini alphabetico, et quidem ita, u t litterae ubique nom ina integra praecederent. Si argum entum publicationis cuiusdam e titulo non plane cognoscitur, argumentum paucis verbis post titulum, micis inclusum, indicavimus. Operam datorum conquirendorum anno M CM LX XIII absolvim us. Bibliographiae index nom inum adicitur. Hio ordine alphabetico su b sequuntur omnes auctores, quorum nom ina in partibus duodetriginta leguntur (nec non pseudonomina et abbreviationes). Apud nomen unumquidque inveniuntur numeri columnarum omnium publicationum, quae ab illo auctore scriptae in bibliographia relatae sunt. Si pseudonomina, nom ina abbreviata et litterae suppleri potuerant, post pseudonomen aut abbreviationem protulimus nomen integrum, apudque illud omnes numeri columnarum ad id nomen attinentes una reperiuntur. Sic efficere voluimus, u t omnia scripta a nobis cognita uniuscuiusque auctoris uno eodemque loco, post nomen suum, ostenderentur. Nimirum indicis abbreviationes omnes insertae sunt, u t qui com m entationem quandam tali in form a scriptam invenit, fidem com m entationis recognoscere posset. Numeri eas columnas indicant, ubi nomen auctoris legitur. Ordo enim numerorum non nisi secundum paginas, sed etiam secundum columnas n o tatu s est. De compositione indicis rerum ob difficultates operae desistendum erat. Dubium non est, quin magnum usum praebeat index repertorum nummorum. Sed ad huiusmodi indicem componendum opus esset omnibus commentatiunculis proprie excerptis, quia nom ina repertorum in titulis publicationum non semper leguntur. Item usui esse posset index nom inum a rtificum illorum, qui nummos memoriales produxerunt, sed hac quoque in causa eaedem difficultates insuperabiles occurrebant. At contra, si non omnia data, tantum ea, quae in titulis leguntur, protulissemus, munere haud integro, iramo valde fragmentoso functi essemus. Index rerum singula d a ta complectens alioqui supervacaneus videtur, quod m ateria to ta rationibus definitis distributa est ita, u t unusquisque facillime, magno sine labore, id quo sibi opus est, reperire possit. Non ignoram us opus huius generis, quam quam diligentissime e t accuratissime compositum, nunquam perfectionem absolutam attingere posse. Fieri non potest quin d ata quaedam, quae in bibliographia nostra non leguntur, appareant. A t complura milia monumentorum congestorum per se testantur tempus maximum esse, u t bibliographia huius generis componatur, quoniam ob numerum magis magisque crescentem publicationum studia numismaticam illustrantia haud perspici possunt. Quo argumento potentissimo probatum habemus bibliographiam numismaticae Hungaricae perquam necessariam esse. 18

INTRODUCTION As long ago as the year 1954 a plan was scheduled, in official form, to compile the bibliographical data of the Hungarian numismatic literature in such a way th at this m aterial should supplement the publication,,a Közép-Dunam edence régészeti bibliográfiája a legrégibb időktől a X I. századig ( Archaeological Bibliography of the Middle Danube Basin from the Earliest Days up to the 11th Century ) by J á n o s B a n n e r and I m r e J a k a b f f y. For th at very reason the work mentioned deliberately disregarded the processing and publication of numismatical data. This gave a sta rt to the collection of numismatical literature, with the instructions of the National Centre of Museums th a t was then still active, though extending it by the compilation of the entire literature of the Hungarian subject. The whole of the m aterial th a t had been accumulated in the course of tim e was divided by a natural line into two clearly delineated groups. One of them covers the data of num ism atic literature connected with the history of ancient times and of the m igration period across the territory of the C arpathian basin. Accordingly it is parallel in content to the work by Banner and Jakabffy. The other part contains literary data about the Hungarian history of coinage, numismatic arts and collection of coins since the 11th century up to the present. W ith a literature compilation which was by no means complete so far as the first group was concerned, i.e. since the checking of the far reaching literature of the surrounding states dealing w ith ancient history and a r chaeology has been perform ed only in p a rt, while on the other hand w ith 1he second group being a collection of materials so advanced th a t it can be taken as complete, we decidcd th a t solely this second group should be published as a tem porary measure. Furtherm ore, due to its extent the whole m aterial would, in any case, have been published in two parts. The absence of a notew orthy Hungarian num ism atic bibliography also m otivates the publication of the d a ta elaborated till now, w ithout waiting for th e com pletion of the search for m aterials for the first p a rt. This compilation covers the entire accessible Hungarian literature having a Hungarian reference. The collected material has been classified according to certain periods. In order th a t the relevant bibliographical m aterial could be found as easy as possible, it was decided th a t it should not be divided into too m any periods. The aim was to enumerate even the most moderate publication attainable, dealing w ith the history of H ungarian coinage,

numismatic arts and collection of medals. W ithin the bounds of possibility all data concerning Hungarian numismatics were processed no m atter where published, i.e. whether in Hungary or abroad- However, d ata which might well have been indirectly useful to Hungarian num ism atists or scholars but having no direct Hungarian links were ignored, since such a kind of collection would have been too far-reaching and it would have been difficult to fix the limits. The d ata of numismatic writings issued in H ungarian publications but having no H ungarian reference were sim ilarly disregarded. We set ourself the aim of representing the bibliographical d ata of the specific literature explicitly H ungarian or having a H ungarian concern with no intention of providing more. W ith this object in m ind we checked all the num ism atic, archaeological, historical an d a rtistic periodicals, journals and the bibliographies published till now. N aturally it would have been impossible to undertake to include every numismatic insertion in every magazine and newspaper or to review every single one, nevertheless, when an item, published anywhere came to our knowledge we did our best to include it. Those periodicals reviewed regularly are enumerated in a separate list which contains, at the same time, the abbreviations of frequently quoted periodicals. An effort was made to compare and, where possible, to reconcile these abbreviations in accordance with general practice, though certain amendments were made in the interests of providing greater clarity. As far as possible we used abbreviations from which it is easy to conclude the entire title of the given publication thereby obviating exhaustive checking up in the list which would otherwise be unavoidable if using merely letters or signs. In the ease of periodicals, as a rule solely the heading and place of publication are given though exceptions are the changes of addresses. In these cases th e commencing year of each change is indicated, too. The bibliographical d ata are classified according to the following 28 specialized groups. I. Bibliographies. This group includes bibliographical selections published till now. I I. General works. Summaries. Contains publications dealing with the history of H ungarian coinage in general; the group also contains theoretical studies; and there are articles informing about num ism atic concepts too. In brief, there are included m ainly publications which cannot be a t tached closely to any specific period as well as publications with contents covering more th an one period. III. Catalogues of coins. In this part are enum erated the data of sale or auction catalogues of different firms, etc., dealing with coins, containing wholly or at least mainly H ungarian material. I t seemed necessary to adopt here a kind of selection according to the scientific or collector s significance of the catalogues, as nearly all catalogues enum erate more or less Hungarian coins and medals, too. I t is, however, worthwhile considering only those catalogues informing about larger and more coherent collections. IV. Summarized lists of coin findings enumerate d ata from lists of findings compiled according to different aspects, reviewing coin findings of a longer period or of certain area. Consequently these lists, because of

their summarizing character, could not be attached to any of the definite periods. V. Middle Ages (summary). Bibliographical data of communications, publications covering th e entire Middle Ages. V I. Age of the Árpáds (11th 13f/l centuries). VII. Late Middle Ages (14ht 15th centuries). These parts comprise a synthesis of special literature on the history of coinage during the periods indicated in the headings. A similar principle has been adopted in grouping th e m aterial relating to later ages, according to the following schedule: VIII. Modern times (summary) I X. Modern times (1526 1750) X. M odern times (1750 1857) X I. Modern times (1857 1918) XII. Modern times (1919 1973) The above arrangement of periods takes into consideration exclusively the aspects of the history of coinage. Accordingly, P a rt IX includes literature on the essentially homogeneous coining in the period from the middle of the 16th century to the middle of the 18th century; P a rt X contains a compilation of bibliographical data relating to the m onetary system based on conventions; P a rt X I is broadly concerned with the literature of the A ustro-h ungarian Monarchy, and finally, P a rt X I I details a compilation of the history of coinage in independent Hungary. Nevertheless, publication of the bibliographical m aterial of the modern times needed some selecting. Namely, in the period from 1526 to 1918, i.e. at the time of the Hapsburg Empire, the minting of the Hungarian and the Austrian provinces were closely correlated as a m atter of course. As a result it is not always unambiguous whether certain publications have a Hungarian bearing or not. A num ber of part-research papers have been published dealing explicitly with mintage of different Austrian provinces, for this reason they are neither on H ungarian subject-m atter nor connected with H ungary. All the same, th eir registration probably could have been considered as mainly since the 17th century the financial rules valid in the given province were usually in force in Hungary, too. The inclusion of these data, however, would have led to a too widespread search for material. In the course of solving this ticklish problem we found ourselves in a favourable position as the publication Quellenkunde der Münz- und Geldgeschichte der ehemaligen Österreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (Source-book on the H istory of Coinage and of Medals in the Late Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) compiled by G ü n t e r P r o b sz t and issued in 1954, containing abundant bibliographical data, released us from taking into our collection the data of publications of this kind, which have a foreign subject-m atter. This publication was even complemented later on by two Supplements. Comprehensive corpora and catalogues were naturally judged from another standpoint. This work is a t the disposal of everybody and is, in any case, indispensable to researchers of the recent history of H ungarian coinage. 21