BULLETIN of the Szet Istvá Uiversity SPECIAL ISSUE PART I. Gödöllı 2008
Editorial Board Prof. György Füleki CSc. Chairma of the Editorial Board Prof. Miklós Mézes DSc. editor Prof. Béla M. Csizmadia CSc. Prof. Tamás T. Kiss CSc. Prof. Gyula Huszeicza DSc. Prof. Gábor Reischl DLA Prof. Istvá Szőcs DSc. Edited by the Guest Editorial Board Katali Takács-György CSc, Chairma of the Guest Editorial Board József Lehota DSc Istvá Takács PhD László Villáyi CSc With the support of Faculty of Ecoomics ad Social Scieces, Szet Istvá Uiversity Maagemet ad Busiess Admiistratio PhD School of Szet Istvá Uiversity Szerkesztıség Szet Istvá Egyetem 203 Gödöllı, Páter Károly u.. Kiadja a Szet Istvá Egyetem Felelıs kiadó Dr. Solti László egyetemi taár, rektor Techikai szerkesztı Szalay Zsigmod Gábor Felelıs szerkesztı Dr. Mézes Miklós egyetemi taár ISSN 586-4502 Megjelet 380 példáyba
Cotets / Tartalomjegyzék Part I. / I. kötet Agricultural ad rural developmet ad iteratioal view Agrár- és vidékfejlesztés, emzetközi kitekités ÁCS, SZ. DALLIMER, M. HANLEY, N. ARMSWORTH, P.: Impacts of policy reform o hill farm icomes i UK... BIELIK, P. RAJČÁNIOVÁ, M.: Some problems of social ad ecoomic developmet of agriculture...25 BORZÁN A. SZIGETI C.: A Dua-Körös-Maros-Tisza Eurorégió gazdasági fejlettségéek elemzése a régiók Európájába...37 CSEH PAPP, I. Regioális külöbségek a magyar mukaerıpiaco...45 NAGY, H. KÁPOSZTA, J.: Covergece criteria ad their fulfilmet by the coutries outside the Euro-zoe...53 OSZTROGONÁCZ, I. SING, M. K.: The developmet of the agricultural sector i the rural areas of the Visegrad coutries...65 PRZYGODZKA, R.: Traditio or iovatio which approach is better i rural developmet? The case of Podlasie Regio...75 TAKÁCS E. HUZDIK K.: A magyarországi immigráció tredjei az elmúlt két évtizedbe...87 TÓTHNÉ LİKÖS K. BEDÉNÉ SZİKE É. GÁBRIELNÉ TİZSÉR GY.: országok összehasolítása éháy makroökoómiai mutató alapjá...0 VINCZE M. MADARAS SZ. Aalysis of the Romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts... Agricultural trade ad marketig Agrárkereskedelem, marketig ADAMOWICZ, M.: Cosumer behavior i iovatio adaptatio process o fruit market 25 FÉNYES, T. I. MEYER, N. G. BREITENBACH, M. C.: Agricultural export ad import assessmet ad the trade, developmet ad co-operatio agreemet betwee South Africa ad the Europea Uio...37 KEMÉNYNÉ HORVÁTH ZS.: The trasformatio of market players o the demad-side of the grai market...5 LEHOTA J. KOMÁROMI N.: A feldolgozott fukcioális élelmiszerek fogyasztói szegmetálása és magatartási jellemzıi...59 LEHOTA J. KOMÁROMI N.: Szarvasgomba fogyasztói és beszerzési magatartásáak szegmetálása és jellemzıi...69 NYÁRS, L. VIZVÁRI, B.: O the supply fuctio of the Hugaria pork market...77 SZAKÁLY Z. SZIGETI O. SZENTE V.: Fogyasztói attitődök táplálkozási elıyökkel kapcsolatba...87 SZIGETI O. SZENTE V. MÁTHÉ A. SZAKÁLY Z.: Marketig lehetıségek az állati eredető hugarikumok termékpályájá...99 VÁRADI K.: Társadalmi változások és a marketig kapcsolatáak modellezési lehetıségei...2
Sustaiability ad competitivess Fetarthatóság, verseyképesség BARANYAI ZS. TAKÁCS I.: A hatékoyság és verseyképesség fıbb kérdései a délalföldi térség gazdaságaiba...225 BARKASZI L.: A kukoricatermesztés hatékoyságáak és eredméyességéek vizsgálata 2003-2006 évi tesztüzemi adatok alapjá...237 JÁMBOR A.: A verseyképesség elmélete és gyakorlata...249 LENCSÉS E.: A precíziós gazdálkodás ökoómiai értékelése...26 MAGÓ, L.: Low cost mechaisatio of small ad medium size plat productio farms...273 SINGH, M. K. KAPUSZTA, Á. FEKETE-FARKAS, M.: Aalyzig agriculture productivity idicators ad impact of climate chage o CEECs agriculture...287 STRELECEK, F. ZDENĚK, R. LOSOSOVÁ, J.: Ifluece of farm milk prices o profitability ad log-term assets efficiecy...297 SZÉLES I.: Vidéki verseyképesség-verseyképes vidékfejlesztés: AVOP itézkedések és azok kommuikációjáak vizsgálata...303 SZİLLİSI L. NÁBRÁDI A.: A magyar baromfi ágazat aktuális problémái...35 TAKÁCS I. BARANYAI ZS. TAKÁCS E. TAKÁCSNÉ GYÖRGY K.: A verseyképes virtuális (agy)üzem...327 TAKÁCSNÉ GYÖRGY K. TAKÁCS E. TAKÁCS I.: Az agrárgazdaság fetarthatóságáak mikro- és makrogazdasági dilemmái...34 Authors idex / Névjegyzék...355
Part II. / II. kötet Ecoomic methods ad models Közgazdasági módszerek, modellek BARANYI A. SZÉLES ZS.: A hazai lakosság megtakarítási hajladóságáak vizsgálata367 BHARTI, N.: Offshore outsourcig (OO) i Idia s ites: how effective it is i data protectio?...379 BORSZÉKI É.: A jövedelmezıség és a tıkeszerkezet összefüggései a vállalkozásokál...39 FERTİ, I.: Comparative advatage ad trade competitiveess i Hugaria agriculture...403 JÁRÁSI É. ZS.: Az ökológiai módo mővelt termıterületek agyságát befolyásoló téyezık és az árutermelı övéyek piaci pozíciói Magyarországo...43 KODENKO J. BARANYAI ZS. TAKÁCS I.: Magyarország és Oroszország agrárstruktúrájáak változása az 990-es évektıl apjaikig...42 OROVA, I. KOMÁROMI, N.: Model applicatios for the spread of ew products i Hugaria market circumstaces...433 REKE B.: A vállalkozások egyesúlyi helyzetéek változáskövetı vizsgálata...445 ŠINDELÁŘ, J.: Forecastig models i maagemet...453 SIPOS N.: A köryezetvédelmi jellegő adók vizsgálata a fetartható gazdálkodás voatkozásába...463 VARGA T.: Kéyszerő hagyomáy : értékvesztés a mezıgazdasági termékek piacá...475 ZÉMAN Z. TÓTH M. BÁRCZI J.: Az elleırzési tevékeység kialakítási folyamatáak modellezése külöös tekitettel a gazdálkodási tevékeységeket éritı K+F és iovációk elszámolására...485 Lad utilizatio ad farm structure Földhaszálat, gazdaságstruktúra FEHÉR, I. MADARÁSZ I.: Hugaria lad owership patters ad possible future solutios accordig to the stakeholders' view...495 FEKETE-FARKAS, M. SINGH, M. K. ROUNSEVELL, M. AUDSLEY, E.: Dyamics of chages i agricultural lad use arisig from climate, policy ad socio-ecoomic pressures i Europe...505 LAZÍKOVÁ, J. BANDLEROVA, A. SCHWARCZ, P.: Agricultural cooperatives ad their developmet after the trasformatio...55 ORLOVITS, ZS.: The ifluece of the legal backgroud o the trasactio costs o the lad market i Hugary...525 SADOWSKI, A.: Polish lad market before ad after trasitio...53 SZŐCS, I. FARKAS-FEKETE M. VINOGRADOV, S. A.: A ew methodology for the estimatio of lad value...539
Iovatio, educatio Iováció, tudásmeedzsmet BAHATTIN, C. PARSEKER, Z. AKPINAR BAYIZIT, A. TURHAN, S.: Usig e- commerce as a iformatio techique i agri-food idustry...553 DEÁKY Z. MOLNÁR M.: A gödöllıi falukutató hagyomáyok: múlt és jele...563 ENDER, J. MIKÁCZÓ, A.: The beefits of a farm food safety system...575 FARKAS, T. KOLTA, D: The Europea idetity ad citizeship of the uiversity studets i Gödöllı...585 FLORKOWSKI, W. J.: Opportuities for iovatio through iterdiscipliary research...597 HUSTI I.: A hazai agráriováció lehetıségei és feladatai...605 KEREKES K.: A Kolozs megyei Vidéki Magyar fiatalok pályaválasztása...67 SINGH, R. MISHRA, J. K. SINGH, M. K.: The etrepreeurship model of busiess educatio: buildig kowledge ecoomy...629 RITTER K.: Agrár-mukaélküliség és a területi egyelıtleségek Magyarországo...639 SZALAY ZS. G.: A meedzsmet iformációs redszerek költség-haszo elemzése...653 SZÉKELY CS.: A mezıgazdasági vállalati gazdaságta fél évszázados fejlıdése...665 SZŐCS I. JÁRÁSI É. ZS. KÉSMÁRKI-GALLY SZ.: A kutatási eredméyek sorsa és hasza...679 Authors idex / Névjegyzék...689
AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL VIEW AGRÁR- ÉS VIDÉKFEJLESZTÉS, NEMZETKÖZI KITEKINTÉS
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts Abstract ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN AGRICULTURE IN THE PERIOD OF TRANSITION, BASED ON THE NATIONAL ACCOUNTS VINCZE, MÁRIA MADARAS, SZILÁRD The purpose of this paper is to preset the chages occurred durig the trasitio period i the role ad place of agriculture i the Romaia ecoomy. The mai methodological istrumets used are the atioal Iput-Output Tables for 999-2004 published i the Natioal Accouts. We have also used figures from the Regioal Accouts to put ito evidece regioal differeces i total GDP ad the GDP of agriculture. Iput-Output aalysis is a aalytical tool recogized as oe of the most sigificat cotributios to the ecoomic theory ad applicatios, but rarely used i agricultural ecoomics for quatifyig the structural chages of the ecoomic activities. The first part of the paper presets the geeral equilibrium situatio of the Romaia ecoomy ad the iterrelatios amog differet sectors for 999-2004. Based o the Iput-Output models we have aalyzed the mai chages occurred i the positio of agriculture compared to other ecoomic activities. We have also put ito evidece some regioal differeces cocerig the agricultural sector developmet. Keywords: Iput-Output model, ecoomic activities structures, regioal differeces, impact of the ew agricultural policy The chages of the ecoomic activities structure betwee 999 ad 2004 I the first part of the paper we aalyzed the structural chages of the three mai sectors of ecoomy: agriculture, idustry ad services i total output, (Fig. ), i fial demad (Fig. 2) ad i the itermediate cosumptio (Fig. 3) betwee 999 ad 2004. Total output 2004 0.4 57.77 32.0 999 0.90 57.74 3.36 Agriculture Idustry Tertiary 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 00% Fig. Distributio of the total output i 999 ad 2004 Fial demad 2004 8.48 52.79 38.73 999 9.5 50.67 39.8 Agriculture Idustry Tertiary 0% 50% 00% Fig. 2 Distributio of the fial demad i 999 ad 2004 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. I the structure of the output by the mai sectors of ecoomy ca ot be observed real chages betwee 999-2004, but cocerig the fial demad the share of the idustry
2 Bull. of the Szet Istvá Uiv., Gödöllı, 2008. icreased with about 2%, ad the share of the agriculture-, ad that of the service sector had bee decreased, i both cases with about %. Sector's itermadiate cosuptio 2004 0.50 50.26 39.24 999 2.66 66.69 20.66 Agriculture Idustry Tertiary 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 00% Fig. 3 Distributio of the sector s itermediate cosumptio i 999 ad 2004 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. Tab. The aggregatio table Ecoomic sectors NEW OLD Agriculture, sylviculture, pisciculture ad forestry [] Coal miig ad cokes 2 [2] Petroleum ad related products+ Natural gases 3 [3, 4] Metalliferous ad o-ferrous metal ores 4 [5] Ores for costructio+other mierals 5 [6, 7] Food, beverages ad tobacco 6 [8] Textiles ad wearig apparel 7 [9] Footwear ad other leather goods 8 [0] Wood, furiture ad other idustrial products 9 [] Pulp, paper ad cardboard; related items 0 [2] Publishig, pritig ad reproductio of recorded media [3] Chemistry ad sythetic fibers+medicies, detergets, cosmetics 2 [4, 5] Rubber ad plastic materials 3 [6] Glassware+Buildig materials 4 [7, 8] Metallurgy ad siderurgy 5 [9] Machiery costructio +Machiery ad labour savig devices 6 [20, 2] Electric ad electroic products 7 [22] Meas of trasport 8 [23] Electric ad thermal eergy, gas ad water 9 [24] Costructio 20 [25] Wholesale ad retail trade 2 [26] Hotels, restaurats ad tourism-agecies 22 [27] Trasports 23 [28] Commuicatio 24 [29] Fiacial, bakig ad isurace services 25 [30] Real estate+services for eterprises 26 [3, 32] Public admiistratio ad defece, compulsory social assistace 27 [33] Commuity, social ad persoal services 28 [34] Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. Major chages could be observed i the structure of the itermediate cosumptio where the proportio of the services sector has grow with more tha 8%, while the share of idustry ad agriculture, has bee decreased with 6,43%, respectively 2,6%. Eve i this geeral phase of the aalysis there could be observed a positive chage i the idustry sector of ecoomy, where the slight icreases of the sector s share i total output
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts 3 ad i the fial demad have bee achieved by sigificat decreases of the sector s proportio i the itermediate cosumptio. Heceforward we made a detailed aalysis i order to determie the ecoomic sectors which are resposible for these chages. For the aalysis we used the iput-output table for 999 ad 2004, the iput-output aalysis method ad the PYIO software for the calculatios. We aggregated the iitial 34 sectors of the Romaia iput-output table to 28 sectors as the follows: Aalysis of the chages i the agricultural sector For the aalysis of chages i the agricultural sector we used at first the output decompositio method. By this method we ca decompose the differece i two-period sectoral output ito three differet parts. So the output chage, X ca be stated i the followig way: X = B f B f = ( B + B)( f + f B f = B f + Bf + B f t t 0 0 0 0 ) 0 0 0 0 f B Bf = X + X + X f - the first compoet ( X ) is part of the output chage that is due to the chages i the fial demad; B - the secod compoet ( X ) pertais to the output chages that is due to techological progress (due to the chages i the Leotief iverse matrices); Bf - the last compoet ( X ) is the part of the output chages that is due to the syergistic iteractio betwee the fial demad ad the techological chage. The decompostitio of the total chages i the case of the agricultural sector has three parts: f - the first compoet ( X ) is part of the output chage that is due to the chages of the fial demad havig a proportio of 90,6%, which is i half-ad-half ratio resulted from self-geerated ad o-self-geerated cosumptio. B - the proportio of the output chages that is due to the techological progress ( X ) is 4,60%, which is etirely caused by the self-geerated cosumptio. - the part of the chages due to the syergistic iteractio betwee fial demad ad techological chage is 4,8% We may formulate the coclusio: the growth was caused maily by the fial demad, while the techological progress did ot cause real growth i demad for the agriculture. I the secod part of the aalysis of the agricultural sector we take i cosideratio the techical coefficiets. Each techical coefficiet shows the iput requiremets for the productio of oe uit of the fial product, i moetary terms, i other words it shows the value of iputs eeded to produce a moetary uit worth of the product. Techical coefficiets are computed by dividig the X amout of iputs sector j purchases from the sellig sector i, by the total ij output X j of sector j. a ij = X ij / X j Coectio betwee agriculture ad the other sectors was aalyzed by calculatig the techical coefficiets, usig the iput-output tables of Natioal Accouts of Romaia for 999 ad 2004.
4 Bull. of the Szet Istvá Uiv., Gödöllı, 2008. Tab. 2 Techical coefficiets of the agricultural sector's output ad iput Techical coefficiets of the agricultural sector's output Nr sect 999 2004 Techical coefficiets of the agricultural sector's iput Nr sect 999 2004 999 2004 999 2004 0.567 0.688 5 0.000 0.000 0.567 0.688 5 0.0023 0.03 2 0.070 0.008 6 0.0003 0.000 2 0.000 0.000 6 0.063 0.06 3 0.0000 0.000 7 0.0000 0.000 3 0.0333 0.009 7 0.0024 0.002 4 0.002 0.00 8 0.000 0.000 4 0.0000 0.000 8 0.0077 0.003 5 0.0038 0.00 9 0.0002 0.000 5 0.009 0.000 9 0.0352 0.029 6 0.4275 0.355 20 0.00 0.00 6 0.073 0.062 20 0.005 0.00 7 0.023 0.040 2 0.028 0.057 7 0.07 0.03 2 0.0000 0.000 8 0.570 0.60 22 0.06 0.4 8 0.0003 0.000 22 0.0044 0.002 9 0.66 0.68 23 0.0005 0.000 9 0.0024 0.003 23 0.0890 0.008 0 0.0496 0.057 24 0.0000 0.000 0 0.0003 0.00 24 0.0072 0.008 0.0000 0.000 25 0.0000 0.000 0.0006 0.000 25 0.0073 0.008 2 0.0049 0.005 26 0.004 0.004 2 0.083 0.094 26 0.0079 0.007 3 0.000 0.000 27 0.0000 0.006 3 0.02 0.025 27 0.0000 0.000 4 0.006 0.00 28 0.0029 0.00 4 0.0035 0.004 28 0.006 0.004 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. Figures i the first part of Tab. 2 measure: how the other sectors have used the agricultural productio. The highest value amog the output coeficiets is the ow sector s cosumptio, which grew from the iitial 0.562 value to 0.688 i the aalyzed time period. Other sectors with soft coectio to agriculture are the 6 s Food, beverages ad tobacco, 7 s Textiles ad wearig apparel ad the 8 s Footwear ad other leather goods which remais with coefficiet 0.6. I the secod part of Tab. 2 it is described how the agricultural sector had bee cosumed the other sector s productio. At the same time, the biggest ad icreasig cosumptio is from his ow sector, ad less ad decreasig from 999 to 2004 the cosumptio from 2 s Chemistry, 23 s Trasports, ad 6 s Food sectors. These facts prove the agricultural sector is ot well itegrated i ecoomy cocerig the output ad also the iput. These pure itercoectios of agriculture with other sectors of ecoomy show i the same time the low level of moderizatio of agricultural sector. Aalysis of chages i the idustry sector I the ext part we aalyzed the chages of the idustry sector, usig the iput-output tables for Romaia ecoomy for 999 ad 2004. At first we calculated the structure of the sector s itermediate cosumptio, the structure of the fial demad ad that of the total output by the mai sectors of ecoomy, detailed for sub-sectors of idustry for 999 ad 2004.
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts 5 Tab. 3 Structure of the sector s itermediate cosumptio, fial demad ad total output Sector's iterm. cosumptio Fial demad Total output 999 2004 999 2004 999 2004 Sect % % % % % % % % % % % % Agr 2.66 2.66 0.50 0.50 9.5 9.5 8.48 8.48 0.90 0.90 0.4 0.4 2.64 0.70 0.00 0.05 0.72 0.84 3 8.0 3.06 3.8 3.98 5.70 5.20 4 0.96 0.78 0.04 0.08 0.45 0.7 5 0.49 0.9 0.02 0.04 0.23 0.23 6 9.54 0.82 4.28 0.98 2.9 0.58 7 4.85 2.82 6.39 6.3 5.7 5.8 8 0.64 0.72 2.02 2.06.4.34 9.90 2.62 3.77 3.56 2.95 2.93 0.42 0.46 0.24 0.29 0.76 0.7 66.69 50.26 50.67 52.79 57.74.6 0.64 0.26 0.26 0.66 0.57 2 5.60 2.93 2.3 2.5 3.76 4.0 3 2.26.8 0.28 0.65.5.64 4 2.84.74 0.88 0.79.74.73 5 3.99 4.88 2.39 3.00 3.0 3.84 6 3.28 3.23 5.38 5.82 4.45 5.03 7 3.82.68 3.65 4.8 3.72 4.3 8 2.0 2.53 3.26 5.86 2.75 3.88 Id 2.0 9.27.67.92 6.27 5.20 57.77 Serv 20.66 20.66 39.24 39.24 39.8 39.8 38.73 38.73 3.36 3.36 32.0 32.0 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. Share of the idustry i the total output remais about the same betwee 999 ad 2004 but there could be observed some chages i differet sub-sectors of idustry. The proportio of the hard sub-sectors slightly icreased (8 th -Meas of trasport, 5th- Metallurgy ad siderurgy, 6th-Machiery costructio ad Machiery ad labor savig devices). Small decrease ca be observed i the proportio of the 6th -Food, beverages ad tobacco, i the proportio of the 9th -Electric ad thermal eergy, gas ad water ad i the share of the 7th - Textiles ad wearig apparel as well. The proportio of idustry had bee icreased withi the structure of fial demad with 2,2% betwee 999-2004. These chages had bee occurred o the accout of the followig sectors' icrease: the 8th -Meas of trasport ad the 7th -Electric ad electroic products. The most sigificat chages i the proportio of idustry have bee detected i sector's itermediate cosumptio, with a decrease of 6,43%. Aalyzig the structural chages of sub-sectors, we detect a relative decrease i the followigs: 3rd - Petroleum ad related products ad Natural gases sector, the 9th -Electric ad thermal eergy, gas ad water, the 2th -Chemistry ad sythetic fibers ad Medicies, detergets, cosmetics, the 7th -Electric ad electroic products the 7th Textiles ad wearig apparel. I the opposite some icreases appear i the case of Food, beverages ad tobacco ad i the -5th Metallurgy ad siderurgy. The aalysis of the iterdepedece betwee the sub-sectors of the idustry by the techical coefficiet matrix i 999 ad i 2004, prove some chages. For example this period was that, whe the costructios had bee equipped with machies ad the techological progress had accetuated ad there ca be observed icreases i the itesive utilizatio of raw materials for heavy idustries, as it is cofirmed by the icrease i the fial demad ad coected to the techological progress i idustry.
6 Bull. of the Szet Istvá Uiv., Gödöllı, 2008. Aalysis of chages i the service sector Usig the iput-output tables, we calculated the structure for two years, of sector s itermediate cosumptio, fial demad, ad total output to service sub-sectors. Tab. 4 Structure of the service sectors i itermediate cosumptio, fial demad, ad total output Sector's itermediate cosumptio Fial demad Total output 999 2004 999 2004 999 2004 % % % % % % % % % % % % Agr 2.66 2.66 0.50 0.50 9.5 9.5 8.48 8.48 0.90 0.90 0.4 0.4 Id 66.69 66.69 50.26 50.26 50.67 50.67 52.79 52.79 57.74 57.74 57.77 57.77 20.8 6.94 7.22 7.65 4.83 5.42 2 0.05 5.59 0.35 0.60 0.22 0.40 22.43 2.4 3.4 2.4 2.39.93 23 6.3 4.59 3.97 4.6 5.00 2.97 24 3.35 20.66 2.6 39.24.62 39.8.53 38.73 2.39 3.36 3.03 25 0.62 0.96.72 0.62.23.35 26 4.93 8.53 0.20 8.8 7.88 8.22 27 0.00.7 3.48 4.35.94 2.52 28 2.5 6.7 8. 9.22 5.48 6.26 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. The biggest chage appears i the distributio of the sector s itermediate cosumptio. From 20,66% i 999 the proportio of the service sector growth to 39,24% i 2004. This sigificat icrease was caused by the followig sectors: 2s-t Wholesale ad retail with 5,55%, 20th- Costructio with 5,3%, 28thCommuity, social ad persoal services with 4,56%, 26th- Real estate+ Services for eterprises with 3,60% higher i proportios. Also we detect, that i two cases the proportio had bee decreased: i case of 23rd- Trasports with,3%, ad 24th- Commuicatio with 0,75%. The proportio of the service sector does ot chage sigificatly i fial demad ad i total output betwee 999-2004. Key-sectors aalysis of the iput-output tables The key sector aalysis is widely used i iput-output method, it aims to idetify those sectors, whose ecoomic activity exerts a higher the average ifluece o the whole ecoomy. I this paper, key sectors are idetified by calculatig backward ad forward likage proposed by Rasmusse (956), drawig o etires i the Leotief iverse. Let B = ( I A) = [ ] be the Leotief iverse matrix ad let B ad B be the colum ad b ij row multipliers of this Leotief iverse. The sectos j s backward likage likage BL j = FL i are defied as: b ij i= 2 i= j= b ij B j = = V 2 B j V ad FL i = j= b ij 2 i= j= b ij Bi = = V 2 j Bi V i, 32.0 BL j ad forward
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts 7 where B j = b ij, B i = b ij i= j= b ij i= j=, ad V = If BLj>, a uit chage i fial demad i sector j will geerate a above-average icrease i the activity of the ecoomy. If FLi>, a uit chage i all sectors' fial demad would create a above average icrease i sector i. The backward likage ad the forward likage coefficiets, for all sectors, were calculated usig the PYIO program. Tab. 5 Key sector aalysis, backward ad forward likage coefficiets (i order) 999 2004 Sector FrwLik Sector BckwLik Sector FrwLik Sector BckwLik 9 2.5565 9.4330 6 2.8599 2 6.0396 3.6980 2.24667 9.8283 9.464 23.2930 5.2532.7959 23.042 2.2682 4.49 3.4583 5 0.9949.2393 20.432 26.3549 20 0.9582 26.928 6.08365 24.3099 4 0.95 6.49 28.0765 2.2680 22 0.8890 Source: Ow calculatios o the basis of Natioal Accouts 999, 2004. I 999 the coefficiet of BLi is more tha, i the case of 4 sectors. It meas that these sectors' uit chage i fial demad could geerate a above-average icrease i activity i the whole ecoomy. These sectors are the followig: Electric ad thermal eergy, Gas ad water, Petroleum ad related products ad Natural gases, Trasports, Chemistry ad sythetic fibers ad Medicies, detergets, cosmetics, Agriculture, Sylviculture, pisciculture ad forestry, Real estate ad Services for eterprises, Food, beverages ad tobacco, Electric ad electroic products, Metallurgy ad siderurgy, Commuicatio, Textiles ad wearig apparel, Machiery costructio ad Machiery ad labour savig devices, Rubber ad plastic materials, Coal miig ad cokes. I 2004, this coefficiet of BLi is more tha, i case of 3 sectors, the 2st, 9 th, ad the 23rd. It meas that the umber of key-sectors had bee reduced. I 999 the coefficiet of Fli>, i case of sectors, it meas that, a uit chage i all sectors' fial demad would create a above average icrease i these sectors: Electric ad thermal eergy, gas ad water, Petroleum ad related products ad Natural gases, Trasports, Chemistry ad sythetic fibers ad Medicies, detergets, cosmetics, Agriculture, sylviculture, pisciculture ad forestry, Real estate ad Services for eterprises, Food, beverages ad tobacco, Electric ad electroic products, Metallurgy ad siderurgy, Commuicatio, Textiles ad wearig apparel, Machiery costructio ad Machiery ad labour savig devices. I 2004 the coefficiet of Fli>, i case of the followig sectors: Food, beverages ad tobacco, Electric ad thermal eergy, gas ad water, Agriculture, sylviculture, pisciculture ad forestry, Petroleum ad related products ad Natural gases, Real estate ad Services for eterprises, Commuicatio, Chemistry ad sythetic fibers ad Medicies, detergets, cosmetics, Machiery costructio ad Machiery ad labour savig devices, Metallurgy ad siderurgy. As we metioed above, the demad for emissio of the costructio sector had bee icreased sigificatly, ad we ca formulate, that all the backward likages, ad the forward likages coefficiets for this sector show the highest values i 999 ad 2004..
8 Bull. of the Szet Istvá Uiv., Gödöllı, 2008. Natioal ad regioal progress betwee 2000 ad 2004 I the ext part we will put i evidece what kid of chages appears i atioal ad regioal levels, due to ecoomical progress, ad how affect these, the regioal growth i agricultural sector. GDP (000000 ROL) 300000 250000 200000 50000 00000 50000 Agriculture Idustry Gross domestic product (GDP) 0 2000 200 2002 2003 2004 Fig. 4 The evolutio of GDP, i agriculture ad i idustry betwee 2000 ad 2004 Source: Ow calculatios based of Territorial Statistics 2004 Fig. 4 shows the chages i GDP total, GDP i idustry ad i agriculture betwee 2000 ad 2004. I the ext part we show the structure of GDP o the mai sectors of ecoomy for the years betwee 2000 ad 2005. 00% 80% 60% 40% 20% Health ad social assitace Educatio Public admiistratio ad defece Real estate trasactios Fiacial itermediatios Trasport, storage ad commuicatios Hotels ad restaurats Trade Costructio Idustry Fishery ad pisciculture Agriculture, hutig ad sylviculture 0% 2000 200 2002 2003 2004 2005 Fig. 5 The distributio of GDP, i sectors Source: Ow calculatios based of Territorial Statistics 2004. Fig. 5 shows the yearly chages i GDP compositio, betwee 2000 ad 2005. The proportio of the agricultural sector had bee icreased from 2.36% i 2000 to 3.9% i 2004, but i 2005 the percetage is 9.58%. Major icrease we observed i 200, whe the proportio was 4.72%. Evidet, the share of agriculture i GDP depeds ot oly o techological progress, but o the climate coditio too. So, for example 2000 ad 2002 are the years with heavy droughts ad 2004 is with bumper crops.
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts 9 The proportio of agricultural productio 00% 80% 52.57 53.56 5.82 53.06 52.6 60% Gross value added 40% 20% 47.43 46.44 48.8 46.94 47.39 Itermediate cosumptio 0% 2000 200 2002 2003 2004 Fig. 6 Distributio of the agricultural productio Source: Ow calculatios based of Territorial Statistics 2004. It was calculated the proportio of the itermediate cosumptio, from the agricultural productio (Fig. 6). The proportio is about 47%, ad it remais costat i the measured period of time, lower tha i case of idustry, as it ca be observed at Fig. 7. The proportio i use of idustrial productio 00.00 80.00 33.47 34.50 34.50 32.38 3.54 60.00 Gross value added 40.00 20.00 66.53 65.50 65.50 67.62 68.46 Itermediate cosumptio 0.00 2000 200 2002 2003 2004 Fig.7 Distributio of the idustrial productio Source: Ow calculatios based of Territorial Statistics 2004. I the fial part of the paper we try to evidece the territorial differeces of the total gross domestic product ad the agricultural gross domestic product. Fig. 8a, 8b Regioal gross domestic product Source: Ow calculatios, usig the ArcviewGIS program, based o Territorial Statistics 2004.
20 Bull. of the Szet Istvá Uiv., Gödöllı, 2008. Fig. 8 shows the structure of GDP by regio. We observed that the growth is differet i the regios, but the biggest value remais to Bucharest-Ilfov regio. The agricultural sectors regioal GDP evolutio did t follow the total GDP distributio i regios. To illustrate the chages of GDP total ad GDP of agriculture i regios, we used the ArcviewGIS program, ad ordered the regios by these values. The ecoomic maps (Fig. 8a, 8b ad 9a, 9b) highlight the chages of the regioal disparity. I 2000 (Fig. 8a) the first oe, with the highest values was Bucharest-Ilfov regio followed by the Ceter regio ad South-Muteia. Fig. 9a, 9b Reg ioa l gros s dom esti c product i agriculture Source: Ow calculatios, usig the ArcviewGIS program, based o Territorial Statistics 2004. I 2004 (Fig. 8b) the order had bee chaged: Bucharest-Ilfov, South-Muteia. The distributio of the regioal gross domestic product i agriculture had bee chaged i way. The order i 2000 was: North-East, South-Muteia ad North-West, i 2004 South- Muteia, South East, ad North East regios. This meas, that here the techological progress was higher tha i the other regios. Coclusio We made the aalysis of the Romaia ecoomy i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts database, usig the iput-output methodology. The precoditio was the fact, that the growth of the agriculture did t follow the geeral atioal ecoomy progress. We used three from the iput-output methods to aalyze the chages i structure of ecoomic sectors: the output decompositio method, i order to fid the structure of the output. Our coclusio is that oly a small part of output chages was caused by techical progress i agriculture productio; he techical coefficiets method, to fid the relatios of itermediate cosume by ecoomy sectors. We detected which sectors are coected with agriculture, ad how they developed the proportios of cosumes i time. We formulate the coclusio that the self-cosume of the agricultural sector growth ad the other sectors cosume by agriculture became more less.
Aalysis of the romaia agriculture i the period of trasitio, based o the atioal accouts 2 the key sector aalysis, calculatig the backward-forward likages, i order to fid the key-sectors of the ecoomy. Our coclusio is that the icrease of the keysectors are idepedet from the chages i the agriculture; We made the calculatios usig the PYIO program software, created by Regioal Ecoomics Applicatios Laboratory, Uiversity of Illiois at Urbaa-Champaig. To represet the regioal structure of GDP total ad GDP of the agriculture ad their progress betwee 2000 ad 2005, we used the ArcViewGIS program software, to create iformatioal maps. Refereces ISARD W. AZIS I. J. [998] Methods of Iterregioal ad Regioal Aalysis, Ashgate P. C. MATTAS, K. LOIZOU, S. TZOUVELEKAS, V. MEROPI T. [2003] Multipliers Aalysis: Sectoral Regioal Likage Coefficiets, Szófia, REAPBALK Workshop, NAZARA, S. GUO, D. [2003] PyIO: Iput-Output Aalysis with Pytho, Regioal Ecoomics Applicatios Laboratory, Uiversity of Illiois at Urbaa-Champaig, VINCZE, M. GYÖRFY, L. VARVARI, S. [2004] Impact Aalysis of the Europea Fuds o Total Output, Households Icome ad Employmet of North-West Developmet Regio ad Romaia by Sectors. Kolozsvár, I: Regioal ad Rural Developmet Iterface, May.3 4, ** Natioal Accouts 999, Natioal Istitute of Statistics, Bucharest, ** Natioal Accouts 2004, Natioal Istitute of Statistics, Bucharest, ** Statistical Yearbook 2005, Natioal Istitute of Statistics, Bucharest. Authors Prof. Dr. Vicze Mária Babes-Bolyai Uiversity Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Ecoomics ad Busiess Admiistratio mvicze@eco.ubbcluj.ro, Madaras Szilárd, PhD studet Babes-Bolyai Uiversity Cluj-Napoca Faculty of Ecoomics ad Busiess Admiistratio madaras.szilard@gmail.com.