HUNGARIAN CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 2007 (Preliminary estimation) Budapest, September 2008
Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008 ISBN 978-963-235-194-0 Responsible editors: Csak Ligeti head of department Dr. Pal Pozsonyi head of department Internet: http://www.ksh.hu informacioszolgalat@ksh.hu (36-1) 345-6789 (telephone), (36-1) 345-6788 (fax)
Contents Summary 5 Tables 1. Volume indices of gross domestic product and per capita gross domestic product, 1991 2007. 8 2. Gross value added by sectors, 2006 2007..... 9 3. Gross output by industries, 2006 2007...... 10 4. Gross value added by industries, 2006 2007. 12 5. Gross domestic product by final use, 2005 2007... 14 6. Non-financial accounts for general government sector, 2004 2007.. 16 7. Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI) of Hungary, 1995 2007 20 Methodological notes.. 21 Explanations of Symbols.. = Not available. = Break in series (limited comparability). x = Not applicable. Empty space = Block of not applicable items. 0 = Less than half of unit. 3
4
Summary In 2007, Hungary s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was HUF 25 419 billion at current prices. At prices of the previous year, this means a 1.1 percent growth in 2007 compared to the previous year. In per capita terms, the gross domestic product was HUF 2 million 528 thousand. It corresponds to 15 751 at purchasing power parity, that is 61 percent of the average of the EU-25 and 63 percent of the average of the EU-27. The Gross National Income (GNI) in 2007 was HUF 23 674 billion at current prices, which equalled the year 2006 level in real terms. In 2007, the value added of the national economy grew by 1.0 percent at basic prices compared to the preceding year. The most rapid growth, 3.9 percent was observed in the non-financial corporations sector. Gross value added by financial corporations sector also rose rapidly than average, by 2.0 percent at constant prices. At the same time the performance of the rest of the sectors decreased (general government by 4.0, households by 2.7 and non-profit institutions serving households by 4.8 percent). The performance of branches producing goods (agriculture, industry, construction) rose by 0.9%. The expansion arose completely from the 6.4 percent increase of the value added by industry. This growth was based mainly on the manufacturing s value added rise, which was above other industries 7.0 percent. The remarkable growth in the performance of manufacturing can be assigned to its dynamically expanding export performance. In agriculture the gross value added fell by 23 percent, due to the decrease measured in output of crop production. In 2007, production of value added by construction fell by 7.7 percent. The performance fall was typical in every part of construction, but other building completion fell significantly (highways, roads). This was caused mainly by the significant decrease compared to previous periods - of the state orders. Value added of services rose by 1.1 percent. Significant growth rate was measured in transport, storage and communications (5.6 percent) mainly because of the increase measured in telecommunications. Gross value added of trade and repair of motor vehicles industries also rose more rapidly (3.6 percent) than average, in which wholesale enterprises played a significant role, while the growth rate of retail trade lagged behind that of the previous year in accordance with the decrease measured in household consumption. The growth rate was also higher than the average in real estate, renting and business activities (2.2 percent) and in hotels and restaurants (1.8 percent). The decrease of the services of the general government sector had a considerable effect on the performance of services. Within this the value added of the health care services decreased to the highest degree as a result of the health care system s transformation. The performance of public administration also decreased, while that of education stagnated. On the expenditure side of gross domestic product, the household final consumption expenditure increased by 0.7 percent. The domestic consumption declined by 0.6 percent. Social transfers in kind financed by general government decreased by 11.8 percent mainly because of the considerable falls of medical services, the subsidy of medicines and the compensation of gas prices. The government consumption declined by 2.2 percent. The actual final consumption decreased by 1.8 percent. The gross fixed capital formation rose slightly, by 1.5 percent. The growth is mainly due to investments realized in manufacturing (+19.2%) and real estate, renting and business activities industries (+3.2%). These two industries gave the half of the gross fixed capital formation. The 5
volume of investments declined mostly in the industries of construction (-35.9%), public administration, defence and compulsory social security (-19%) and the industry of electricity, gas, steam and water supply (-15.7%). The total domestic use decreased by 1.0 percent. The balance of external trade turnover shows a HUF 383.8 billion surplus at current prices, while the terms of trade improved to a low extent. The growth of the external trade turnover slightly slowed down compared to previous years. The volume of exports rose by 15.9 percent, within this the exports of goods increased by 16.6 percent and services by 12.3 percent. Imports rose to a smaller degree, by 13.1 percent. Within this the imports of goods increased by 12.1 percent and services by 19.9 percent. GNI was HUF 23 674 billion at current prices and in real terms it was identical to the preceding year s figure. The gross national income was calculated by adjusting the gross domestic product by the balance of income receivable from and payable to the rest of the world and the balance of subsidies receivable from the EU and taxes payable to the EU. GNI was 93.1 percent of GDP. The value of this variable was 94.2 percent in 2006. 6
TABLES
1. A bruttó hazai termék volumenváltozása és az egy főre jutó bruttó hazai termék, 1991 2007 Volume indices of gross domestic product and per capita gross domestic product, 1991-2007 Év Bruttó hazai termék volumenindexe GDP volume indices Az egy főre jutó bruttó hazai termék folyó áron Per capita GDP at current prices Year 1990=100,0 előző év=100,0 previous year=100.0 forint in HUF USD devizaárfolyamon at exchange rates euró a) euro a) vásárlóerőparitáson b) in purchasing power parities b) 1991 88,1 88,1 240 839 3 219 2 598.. 1992 85,4 96,9 283 785 3 592 2 779.. 1993 84,9 99,4 342 578 3 722 3 187.. 1994 87,4 102,9 421 992 4 014 3 382.. 1995 88,7 101,5 543 524 4 324 3 342 7 408 1996 89,9 101,3 668 585 4 382 3 498 7 758 1997 94,0 104,6 829 958 4 444 3 935 8 349 1998 98,6 104,9 982 552 4 582 4 077 8 939 1999 102,7 104,2 1 112 915 4 690 4 402 9 528 2000 108,0 105,2 1 287 906 4 563 4 953 10 379 2000 x x 1 325 225 4 695 5 096 10 680 2001 112,4 104,1 1 499 142 5 232 5 841 11 634 2002 117,1 104,1 1 688 067 6 543 6 948 12 557 2003 122,0 104,2 1 867 298 8 320 7 366 13 096 2004 127,9 104,8 2 047 597 10 105 8 136 13 658 2005 133,0 104,0 2 180 751 10 922 8 792 14 354 2006 138,5 104,1 2 361 669 11 219 8 937 15 281 2007 140,0 101,1 2 527 817 13 751 10 059 15 751 c) a) b) c) 1998-ig ECU, 1999-től euró. ECU until 1998, euro from 1999. Az Európai Összehasonlítási Program (ECP) keretében számított értékek. Results of Eurostat's European Comparison Program. EUROSTAT által becsült adat. Data estimated by EUROSTAT. 8
2. A bruttó hozzáadott érték szektoronként, 2006 2007* Gross value added by sectors, 2006-2007* Folyó áron At current prices Volumenindex előző év=100,0 Kód Szektorok millió Ft megoszlás, % Volume indices Sectors Code million HUF structure, % previous year=100.0 2006 S.11 Vállalatok 11 898 964 50,0 107,4 Non-financial corporations S.11 S.12 Pénzügyi vállalatok 825 561 3,5 106,9 Financial corporations S.12 S.13 Kormányzat (intézményei) 3 625 511 15,2 100,7 General government S.13 S.14 Háztartások 3 966 105 16,7 98,7 Households S.14 S.15 Háztartásokat segítő nonprofit intézmények 223 899 0,9 99,3 NPISHs S.15 BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (alapáron) 20 540 040 86,4 104,3 (at basic prices) Termékadók és -támogatások egyenlege 3 245 204 13,6 x Taxes less subsidies on products BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (piaci beszerzési áron) 23 785 244 100,0 104,1 (at purchasers' prices) 2007 S.11 Vállalatok 12 886 269 50,7 103,9 Non-financial corporations S.11 S.12 Pénzügyi vállalatok 886 916 3,5 102,0 Financial corporations S.12 S.13 Kormányzat (intézményei) 3 696 168 14,5 96,0 General government S.13 S.14 Háztartások 4 088 063 16,1 97,3 Households S.14 S.15 Háztartásokat segítő nonprofit intézmények 237 794 0,9 95,2 NPISHs S.15 BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (alapáron) 21 795 210 85,7 101,0 (at basic prices) Termékadók és -támogatások egyenlege 3 623 954 14,3 x Taxes less subsidies on products BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (piaci beszerzési áron) 25 419 164 100,0 101,1 (at purchasers' prices) *A 2008. szeptember 30-án bevezetett módszertani változások leírása megtalálható kiadványunk Módszertani megjegyzések részében, a részletes adatok pedig a KSH Tájékoztatási Adatbázisában. * The description of the methodological changes introduced on September 30th 2008 can be found in this publication s Methodological notes. The detailed data are available in HCSO s Dissemination Database. 9
3. A bruttó kibocsátás ágazatonként, 2006 2007* Ágazati kód Nemzetgazdasági ág folyó áron 2006 at current prices millió Ft megoszlás, % million HUF structure, % volumenindex volume indices 2005=100,0 A+B Mezőgazdaság, vad- és erdőgazdálkodás, halászat 2 016 692 4,0 97,7 C+D+E Ipar 22 142 562 43,5 108,4 C Bányászat 141 369 0,3 125,4 D Feldolgozóipar 20 102 909 39,5 109,1 E Villamosenergia-, gáz-, gőz-, vízellátás 1 898 284 3,7 100,5 F Építőipar 2 628 849 5,2 101,5 G Kereskedelem, javítás 5 036 363 9,9 104,8 H Szálláshely-szolgáltatás és vendéglátás 819 834 1,6 102,8 I Szállítás, raktározás, posta és távközlés 3 224 474 6,3 106,9 J Pénzügyi tevékenység 1 792 030 3,5 102,8 K Ingatlanügyletek, gazdasági szolgáltatás 6 038 877 11,9 105,6 L+M+N Közigazgatás, oktatás, egészségügy 5 402 259 10,6 103,7 L Közigazgatás,védelem, kötelező társadalombiztosítás 2 486 472 4,9 107,6 M Oktatás 1 465 302 2,9 100,4 N Egészségügyi, szociális ellátás 1 450 485 2,9 101,0 O Egyéb közösségi, személyi szolgáltatás 1 792 097 3,5 99,7 A...O BRUTTÓ KIBOCSÁTÁS ÖSSZESEN (alapáron) 50 894 037 100,0 105,7 Termékadók és -támogatások egyenlege 3 245 204 x x BRUTTÓ KIBOCSÁTÁS (piaci beszerzési áron) 54 139 241 x 105,5 *A 2008. szeptember 30-án bevezetett módszertani változások leírása megtalálható kiadványunk Módszertani megjegyzések részében, a részletes adatok pedig a KSH Tájékoztatási Adatbázisában. 10
Gross output by industries, 2006 2007* folyó áron 2007 at current prices millió Ft megoszlás, % million HUF structure, % volumenindex volume indices 2006=100,0 Industries NACE Code 2 156 668 4,0 92,2 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing A+B 23 498 615 43,6 105,8 Mining, manufacturing, electricity C+D+E 134 911 0,3 93,2 Mining and quarrying C 21 209 003 39,4 106,3 Manufacturing D 2 154 701 4,0 101,5 Electricity, gas, steam and water supply E 2 623 148 4,9 94,1 Construction F 5 351 421 9,9 101,1 Wholesale and retail trade; repair G 879 553 1,6 100,7 Hotels and restaurants H 3 561 494 6,6 106,2 Transport, storage and communications I 1 958 181 3,6 103,1 Financial intermediation J 6 501 236 12,1 103,0 Real estate, business activities K 5 428 309 10,1 95,8 Public administration, education, health L+M+N Public administration and defence, L 2 537 374 4,7 96,0 compulsory social security 1 426 789 2,6 97,9 Education M 1 464 146 2,7 93,4 Health and social work N 1 886 136 3,5 100,1 Other community, personal service activities O 53 844 762 100,0 102,5 GROSS OUTPUT TOTAL (at basic prices) A...O 3 623 954 x x Taxes less subsidies on products 57 468 716 x 102,4 GROSS OUTPUT (at purchasers' prices) * The description of the methodological changes introduced on September 30th 2008 can be found in this publication s Methodological notes. The detailed data are in HCSO s Dissemination Database. 11
4. A bruttó hozzáadott érték ágazatonként, 2006 2007* Ágazati kód Nemzetgazdasági ág folyó áron 2006 at current prices millió Ft megoszlás, % million HUF structure, % volumenindex volume indices 2005=100,0 A+B Mezőgazdaság, vad- és erdőgazdálkodás, halászat 843 009 4,1 94,2 C+D+E Ipar 5 191 991 25,3 105,5 C Bányászat 45 956 0,2 112,6 D Feldolgozóipar 4 620 619 22,5 106,3 E Villamosenergia-, gáz-, gőz-, vízellátás 525 416 2,6 99,1 F Építőipar 989 281 4,8 101,7 G Kereskedelem, javítás 2 355 289 11,5 109,1 H Szálláshely-szolgáltatás és vendéglátás 325 163 1,6 101,4 I Szállítás, raktározás, posta és távközlés 1 583 502 7,7 105,8 J Pénzügyi tevékenység 931 652 4,5 105,7 K Ingatlanügyletek, gazdasági szolgáltatás 3 649 828 17,8 106,5 L+M+N Közigazgatás, oktatás, egészségügy 3 792 932 18,5 101,0 L Közigazgatás,védelem, kötelező társadalombiztosítás 1 763 237 8,6 100,6 M Oktatás 1 123 544 5,5 100,5 N Egészségügyi, szociális ellátás 906 151 4,4 102,2 O Egyéb közösségi, személyi szolgáltatás 877 393 4,3 101,5 BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK (alapáron) 20 540 040 100,0 104,3 Termékadók és -támogatások egyenlege 3 245 204 x x BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK (piaci beszerzési áron) 23 785 244 x 104,1 *A 2008. szeptember 30-án bevezetett módszertani változások leírása megtalálható kiadványunk Módszertani megjegyzések részében, a részletes adatok pedig a KSH Tájékoztatási Adatbázisában. 12
Gross value added by industries, 2006 2007* folyó áron 2007 at current prices millió Ft megoszlás, % million HUF structure, % volumenindex volume indices 2006=100,0 Industries NACE Code 878 279 4,0 77,4 Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing A+B 5 445 504 25,0 106,4 Mining, manufacturing, electricity C+D+E 41 284 0,2 89,4 Mining and quarrying C 4 770 037 21,9 107,0 Manufacturing D 634 183 2,9 102,3 Electricity, gas, steam and water supply E 1 010 178 4,6 92,3 Construction F 2 610 761 12,0 103,6 Wholesale and retail trade; repair G 344 661 1,6 101,8 Hotels and restaurants H 1 785 241 8,2 105,6 Transport, storage and communications I 994 278 4,6 101,2 Financial intermediation J 3 933 586 18,0 102,2 Real estate, business activities K 3 844 409 17,6 96,6 Public administration, education, health L+M+N Public administration and defence, L 1 825 475 8,4 96,7 compulsory social security 1 099 059 5,0 100,4 Education M 919 875 4,2 91,6 Health and social work N 948 313 4,4 100,6 Other community, personal service activities O 21 795 210 100,0 101,0 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT ( at basic prices ) 3 623 954 x x Taxes less subsidies on products GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT 25 419 164 x 101,1 ( at purchasers' prices ) * The description of the methodological changes introduced on September 30th 2008 can be found in this publication s Methodological notes. The detailed data are in HCSO s Dissemination Database. 13
5. A bruttó hazai termék felhasználása, 2005 2007* 2005 Megnevezés folyó áron at current prices volumenindex 2004=100,0 millió Ft megoszlás, % volume indices million HUF structure, % 2004=100,0 Háztartások fogyasztási kiadásai (1) 11 763 968 53,5 103,4 Kormányzat fogyasztási kiadásai (2) 4 958 031 22,5 102,5 Háztartásokat segítő nonprofit intézmények fogyasztási kiadásai (3) 360 783 1,6 104,8 Fogyasztási kiadás összesen (4=1+2+3) 17 082 782 77,7 103,1 Természetbeni társadalmi juttatás (5) 3 146 723 14,3 104,6 ebből: kormányzattól (6) 2 785 940 12,7 104,5 háztartásokat segítő nonprofit intézményektől (7=3) 360 783 1,6 104,8 Háztartások fogyasztása (8=1+6+7) 14 910 691 67,8 103,6 Közösségi fogyasztás (9=2 6) 2 172 091 9,9 99,9 Összes végső fogyasztás (10=4) 17 082 782 77,7 103,1 Bruttó állóeszköz-felhalmozás (11) 5 173 549 23,5 108,5 Készletváltozás (12) 589 337 2,7 x Egyéb nem specifikált felhasználás (13) -442 358-2,0 x Bruttó felhalmozás összesen (14=11+12+13) 5 320 528 24,2 96,4 Belföldi felhasználás (15=4+14) 22 403 310 101,8 101,4 Export (16) 14 511 000 66,0 111,3 Import (17) 14 916 936 67,8 107,0 Külkereskedelmi egyenleg (18=16 17) -405 936-1,8 x BRUTTÓ HAZAI TERMÉK ÖSSZESEN (19=15+18) 21 997 374 100,0 104,0 *A 2008. szeptember 30-án bevezetett módszertani változások leírása megtalálható kiadványunk Módszertani megjegyzések részében, a részletes adatok pedig a KSH Tájékoztatási Adatbázisában. 14
Gross domestic product by final use, 2005 2007* 2006 2007 folyó áron volumenindex folyó áron volumenindex Category at current prices 2005=100,0 at current prices 2006=100,0 millió Ft megoszlás, %volume indices millió Ft megoszlás, % volume indices million HUF structure, % 2005=100,0 million HUF structure, % 2006=100,0 12 384 401 52,1 101,9 13 263 709 52,2 100,7 Household final consumption expenditure(1) 5 425 796 22,8 104,3 5 369 682 21,1 92,5 Government final consumption expenditure (2) 363 706 1,5 94,0 381 664 1,5 97,3 Final consumption expenditure of non-profit institutions serving households (3) 18 173 903 76,4 102,4 19 015 056 74,8 98,2 Final consumption expenditure, total (4=1+2+3) 3 360 002 14,1 102,1 3 289 223 12,9 89,2 Social transfers in kind (5) 2 996 296 12,6 103,1 2 907 559 11,4 88,2 Of which: from government (6) 363 706 1,5 94,0 381 664 1,5 97,3 non-profit institutions serving households (7=3) 15 744 403 66,2 101,9 16 552 932 65,1 98,2 Actual final consumption of households (8=1+6+7) 2 429 500 10,2 105,8 2 462 124 9,7 97,8 Actual final consumption of government (9=2-6) 18 173 903 76,4 102,4 19 015 056 74,8 98,2 Actual final consumption, total (10=4) 5 130 811 21,6 93,8 5 343 740 21,0 101,5 Gross fixed capital formation (11) 825 649 3,5 x 328 060 1,3 x Changes in inventories(12) -179 948-0,8 x 348 546 1,4 x Statistical discrepancy(13) 5 776 511 24,3 99,9 6 020 346 23,7 101,6 Gross capital formation, total (14=11+12+13) 23 950 414 100,7 101,8 25 035 401 98,5 99,0 Domestic use, total (15=4+14) 18 329 729 77,1 118,6 20 400 905 80,3 115,9 Exports (16) 18 494 898 77,8 114,8 20 017 143 78,7 113,1 Imports (17) -165 169-0,7 x 383 762 1,5 x External balance of goods and services (18=16-17) 23 785 244 100,0 104,1 25 419 164 100,0 101,1 GDP total (19=15+18) * The description of the methodological changes introduced on September 30th 2008 can be found in this publication s Methodological notes. The detailed data are in HCSO s Dissemination Database. 15
6. A kormányzat nem-pénzügyi számlái, 2004 2007 (millió Ft) ESA kód Megnevezés Kormányzati szektor 2004 2005 I. Termelési számla P.1 Kibocsátás 4 585 471 4 853 235 P.11 Piaci kibocsátás 38 162 11 889 P.12 Saját végső felhasználási célú kibocsátás 3 459 7 625 P.13 Egyéb nem piaci kibocsátás 4 543 850 4 833 721 P.131 Vásárolt egyéb nem piaci kibocsátás 521 472 586 439 P.132 Egyéb nem piaci kibocsátás, egyéb 4 022 378 4 247 282 P.2 Folyó termelőfelhasználás 1 328 432 1 404 412 B.1g Hozzáadott érték (bruttó) (P.1-P.2) 3 257 039 3 448 823 K.1 Értékcsökkenés 657 761 679 105 B.1n Hozzáadott érték (nettó) (B.1g-K.1) 2 599 278 2 769 718 II. Jövedelemelosztási és felhasználási számlák II.1 Jövedelmek elsődleges elosztása számla II.1.1 Jövedelmek keletkezése számla B.1n Hozzáadott érték (nettó) 2 599 278 2 769 718 D.1 Munkavállalói jövedelem 2 612 775 2 772 682 D.11 Bérek és keresetek 1 932 325 2 052 805 D.12 Munkaadók tb-hozzájárulásai 680 450 719 877 D.121 Munkaadók tényleges tb-hozzájárulásai 659 873 698 859 D.122 Munkaadók imputált tb-hozzájárulásai 20 577 21 018 D.39 Egyéb termelési adók (fizetett) 0 0 D.29 és (kapott) támogatások egyenlege B.2 Működési eredmény -13 497-2 964 (B.1n D.1+D.39 D.29) II.1.2 Elsődleges jövedelmek elosztása számla B.2 Működési eredmény -13 497-2 964 D.2 Termelési és importadók 3 330 555 3 414 632 D.21 Termékadók 3 224 954 3 296 684 D.29 Egyéb termelési adók 105 601 117 948 D.3 Támogatások 329 894 297 976 D.31 Terméktámogatások 199 735 184 667 D.39 Egyéb termelési támogatások 130 159 113 309 D.4 Tulajdonosi jövedelmek egyenlege -665 125-731 854 D.41 Kamatok (kapott) 80 702 61 128 Kamatok (fizetett) 902 967 910 595 D.421 Vállalatok jövedelméből kapott osztalék 55 562 25 882 D.45 Bérleti díjként kapott tulajdonosi jövedelem 101 578 91 731 B.5 Elsődleges jövedelmek egyenlege 2 322 039 2 381 838 (B.2+D.2 D.3+D.4) II.2 Jövedelmek másodlagos elosztása számla B.5 Elsődleges jövedelmek egyenlege 2 322 039 2 381 838 D.5 Folyó jövedelem-, vagyonadók stb. 1 860 401 1 984 221 D.51 Jövedelemadók 1 801 321 1 915 350 D.59 Egyéb folyó adók 59 080 68 871 D.61 TB-hozzájárulások (kapott) 2 559 260 2 781 064 D.611 Tényleges tb-hozzájárulások 2 538 683 2 760 046 D.6111 Munkaadók tényleges tb-hozzájárulása 1 952 792 2 139 313 D.6112 Munkavállalók tb-hozzájárulásai 472 722 497 944 D.6113 Önállók és foglalkozásban nem állók 113 169 122 789 tb-hozzájárulásai D.612 Imputált tb-hozzájárulások 20 577 21 018 D.62 Pénzbeni társadalmi juttatások 2 884 307 3 203 503 D.621 Kötelező tb-pénzbeni juttatásai 2 178 865 2 433 856 D.623 Munkavállalóknak nyújtott nem alapszerű 20 577 21 018 tb-juttatások D.624 TB-jellegű pénzbeni juttatások 684 865 748 629 D.7 Egyéb folyó transzferek egyenlege -299 235-361 803 Egyéb folyó transzferek (kapott) 162 961 177 533 Egyéb folyó transzferek (fizetett) 462 196 539 336 B.6 Rendelkezésre álló jövedelem 3 558 158 3 581 817 (B.5+D.5+D.61 D.62+D.7) 16
6. Non-financial accounts for general government, 2004 2007 (million HUF ) General government Item 2006 2007 I. Production account 5 282 990 5 386 834 Output 2 415 3 288 Market output 4 808 7 331 Output for own final use 5 275 767 5 376 215 Other non-market output 695 361 733 397 Payments for other non-market output 4 580 406 4 642 818 Other non-market output, other 1 657 479 1 690 666 Intermediate consumption 3 625 511 3 696 168 Value added (gross) (P.1-P.2) 735 819 779 626 Consumption of fixed capital 2 889 692 2 916 542 Value added (net) (B.1g-K.1) II. Distribution and use of income accounts II.1 Primary distribution of income account II.1.1 Generation of income account 2 889 692 2 916 542 Value added (net) 2 888 859 2 917 905 Compensation of employees 2 145 122 2 168 147 Wages and salaries 743 737 749 758 Employers' social contributions 721 695 728 645 Actual 22 042 21 113 Imputed 0 0 Other subsidies (received) taxes (paid) on production 833-1 363 Operating surplus (B.1n D.1+D.39 D.29) II.1.2 Allocation of primary income account 833-1 363 Operating surplus 3 560 629 3 975 617 Taxes on production and imports 3 426 658 3 805 304 Taxes on products 133 971 170 313 Other taxes on production 340 035 358 679 Subsidies 228 528 237 419 Subsidies on products 111 507 121 260 Other subsidies on production -692 212-797 649 Balance of property incomes 63 990 75 115 Interest, revenue 940 886 1 028 312 Interest, paid 30 443 20 753 Dividends from corporations 154 241 134 795 Rents 2 529 215 2 817 926 Balance of primary incomes (B.2n+D.2 D.3+D.4) II.2 Secondary distribution of income account 2 529 215 2 817 926 Balance of primary incomes 2 217 854 2 584 754 Current taxes on income, wealth, etc. 2 153 953 2 517 042 Taxes on income 63 901 67 712 Other current taxes 2 996 916 3 465 398 Social contributions (received) 2 974 874 3 444 285 Actual social contributions 2 248 530 2 443 270 Employers' actual social contributions 572 317 834 893 Employees' actual social contributions 154 027 166 122 Social contributions by self- and non-employed persons 22 042 21 113 Imputed social contributions Social benefits, other than social 3 554 442 3 872 379 transfers in kind 2 661 280 2 936 087 Social security benefits in cash 22 042 21 113 Unfunded employee social benefits 871 120 915 179 Social assistance benefits in cash -461 062-510 012 Balance of other current transfers 179 629 158 572 Other current transfer (received) 640 691 668 584 Other current transfer (paid) 3 728 481 4 485 687 Disposable income (B.5+D.5+D.61 D.62+D.7) 17
6. A kormányzat nem-pénzügyi számlái 2004 2007 (millió Ft) ESA kód Megnevezés Kormányzati szektor 2004 2005 II.3 Természetbeni jövedelmek újraelosztása számla B.6 Rendelkezésre álló jövedelem 3 558 158 3 581 817 D.63 Természetbeni juttatások 2 568 571 2 785 940 D.631 Természetbeni társadalmi transzferek 1 493 688 1 637 608 D.6312 Kötelező tb-egyéb természetbeni juttatásai 1 125 490 1 240 561 D.6313 Társadalombiztosítás jellegű természetbeni 368 198 397 047 juttatások D.632 Egyéni felhasználásra szolgáló nem piaci 1 074 883 1 148 332 termékek és szolgáltatások B.7 Korrigált rendelkezésre álló jövedelem 989 587 795 877 (B.6 D.63) II.4 Jövedelem felhasználása számla II.4.1 Rendelkezésre álló jövedelem felhasználása számla B.6 Rendelkezésre álló jövedelem 3 558 158 3 581 817 P.3 Végső fogyasztási kiadás 4 636 633 4 958 031 P.31 Egyéni fogyasztási kiadás 2 568 571 2 785 940 P.32 Közösségi fogyasztási kiadás 2 068 062 2 172 091 B.8 Megtakarítás (B.6 P.3) -1 078 475-1 376 214 II.4.2 Korrigált rendelkezésre álló jövedelem felhasználása számla B.7 Korrigált rendelkezésre álló jövedelem 989 587 795 877 P.4 Végső fogyasztás 2 068 062 2 172 091 P.42 Közösségi fogyasztás 2 068 062 2 172 091 B.8 Megtakarítás (B.7 P.4) -1 078 475-1 376 214 III. Felhalmozási számlák III.1 Tőkeszámla III.1.1 A nettó vagyon változása megtakarítás és tőketranszferek miatt számla B.8 Megtakarítás -1 078 475-1 376 214 D.9 Tőketranszferek egyenlege -232 974-170 126 Tőketranszferek (kapott) 94 610 155 456 D.91 Tőkeadók 18 585 20 894 D.92 Beruházási támogatások 23 650 76 309 D.99 Egyéb tőketranszferek 52 375 58 253 Tőketranszferek (fizetett) 327 584 325 582 D.92 Beruházási támogatások 283 681 279 701 D.99 Egyéb tőketranszferek 43 903 45 881 B.10.1 A nettó vagyon változása megtakarítás -1 311 449-1 546 340 és tőketranszferek miatt (B.8+D.9) III.1.2 Nem pénzügyi eszközök beszerzése száma B.10.1 A nettó vagyon változása megtakarítás -1 311 449-1 546 340 és tőketranszferek miatt P.51 Bruttó állóeszköz-felhalmozás 733 655 873 037 P.52 Készletváltozás -284 4 260 K.1 Értékcsökkenés 657 761 679 105 K.2 Nem termelt nem pénzügyi eszközök -70 401-24 690 beszerzésének és eladásának egyenlege B.9 Nettó hitelnyújtás (+)/ hitelfelvétel (-) -1 316 658-1 719 842 (B.10.1 P.51 P.52+K.1 K.2) TE Összes kiadás 10 125 380 11 015 942 TR Összes bevétel 8 808 722 9 297 600 EDP_D.41 Kamat (fizetett) beleértve a swap-tranzakció- 906 667 908 429 kat és a határidős kamatláb-megállapodásokat EDP_B.9 Nettó hitelnyújtás (+)/Nettó hitelfelvétel (-) -1 320 358-1 717 676 a túlzott hiány eljárás (EDP) keretében B.1*g Bruttó hazai termék (GDP) 20 695 365 21 997 374 Nettó hitelnyújtás (+)/Nettó hitelfelvétel (-) -6,4% -7,8% az EDP keretében a GDP %-ában 18
6. Non-financial accounts for general government 2004 2007 (million HUF ) General government Item 2006 2007 II.3 Redistribution of income in kind account 3 728 481 4 485 687 Disposable income 2 996 296 2 907 559 Social transfer in kind 1 803 744 1 679 634 Social benefit in kind 1 384 408 1 256 800 Other social security benefits in kind 419 336 422 834 Social assistance benefits in kind 1 192 552 1 227 925 Transfers of individual non-market goods and services 732 185 1 578 128 Adjusted disposable income (B.6 D.63) II.4 Use of income account II.4.1 Use of disposable income account 3 728 481 4 485 687 Disposable income 5 425 796 5 369 683 Final consumption expenditure 2 996 296 2 907 559 Individual consumption expenditure 2 429 500 2 462 124 Collective consumption expenditure -1 697 315-883 996 Saving (B.6 P.3) II.4.2 Use of adjusted disposable income account 732 185 1 578 128 Adjusted disposable income 2 429 500 2 462 124 Actual final consumption 2 429 500 2 462 124 Actual collective consumption -1 697 315-883 996 Saving (B.7 P.4) III. Accumulation accounts III.1 Capital account III.1.1 Change in net worth due to saving and capital transfers account -1 697 315-883 996 Saving -235 319-240 492 Balance of capital transfers, 226 590 251 487 Capital transfer (received) 21 411 17 087 Capital taxes 145 757 190 592 Investment grants 59 422 43 808 Other capital transfers 461 909 491 979 Capital transfer (paid) 326 165 315 149 Investment grants 135 744 176 830 Other capital transfers -1 932 634-1 124 488 Changes in net worth due to saving and capital transfers (B.8+D.9) III.1.2 Acquisition of non-financial assets account -1 932 634-1 124 488 Changes in net worth due to savings and capital transfers 1 049 938 903 412 Gross fixed capital formation -592 503 Changes in inventories 735 819 779 626 Consumption of fixed capital -26 866 6 943 Acquisitions less disposals of non-produced non financial assets -2 219 295-1 255 720 Net lending (+)/ net borrowing ( ) (B.10.1 P.51 P.52+K.1 K.2) 12 352 171 12 642 246 Total expenditure 10 132 876 11 410 507 Total revenue 928 784 1 033 349 Interest (paid) including swaps and FRAs -2 207 193-1 260 757 Net lending (+)/Net borrowing (-) under the EDP 23 785 244 25 419 164 Gross domestic product -9,3% -5,0% Net lending (+)/Net borrowing (-) under the EDP as % of GDP 19
7. Magyarország bruttó hazai terméke (GDP) és bruttó nemzeti jövedelme (GNI), 1995 2007 Gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national income (GNI) of Hungary, 1995 2007 Év Bruttó hazai Munkajövedelmek Tulajdonosi jövedelem Property income EU-nak EU-tól Bruttó GNI termék Compensation of employees fizetett kapott nemzeti növekedési külföldről külföldnek egyenleg külföldről külföldnek egyenleg ebből: of which: adó támogatás jövedelem üteme kapott fizetendő kapott fizetett visszaforgatott jövedelem reinvested earnings on direct foreign investment előző év = 100,0 külföldről külföldnek egyenleg járó fizetendő 20 Year GDP received paid to the net received paid to the net receivable payable net Taxes Subsidies GNI The volume from the rest of the from the rest of the from the to the to the EU from indices rest of the world rest of the world rest of the rest of the the EU of GNI world world world world previous folyó áron, millió Ft at current prices, million HUF year = 100,0 1995 5 614 042 17 370 15 969 1 401 105 086 318 849-213 763 1 650-25 400 27 050 5 401 680.. 1996 6 893 934 23 654 12 299 11 355 178 148 486 204-308 056-310 77 900-78 210 6 597 233 100,8 1997 8 540 669 36 322 13 645 22 677 247 747 765 216-517 469 1 340 246 500-245 160 8 045 877 102,9 1998 10 087 434 41 012 12 928 28 084 226 808 874 747-647 939-1 370 251 100-252 470 9 467 579 104,5 1999 11 393 499 43 311 19 108 24 203 168 736 861 352-692 616-5 020 268 400-273 420 10 725 086 104,5 2000 13 150 766 62 004 19 638 42 366 263 183 1 016 908-753 725 16 540 297 300-280 760 12 439 407 105,5 2000 13 531 831 216 775 79 462 137 313 280 013 1 012 445-732 432 16 538 297 325-280 787 12 936 712 x 2001 15 272 621 243 760 92 972 150 788 271 754 1 138 686-866 932-12 926 372 695-385 621 14 556 477 103,7 2002 17 148 410 232 519 117 074 115 445 252 578 1 234 675-982 097 6 796 462 941-456 145 16 281 758 103,8 2003 18 914 890 292 399 137 102 155 297 253 040 1 254 019-1 000 979 19 714 463 689-443 975 18 069 208 104,9 2004 20 695 365 334 099 146 895 187 204 331 189 1 617 229-1 286 040 99 751 556 192-456 441 38 298 80 532 19 638 763 104,1 2005 21 997 374 370 354 162 681 207 673 351 845 1 808 010-1 456 165 23 480 471 787-448 307 64 298 141 302 20 825 886 103,8 2006 23 785 244 423 744 183 247 240 497 1 270 385 3 012 401-1 742 016 275 183 669 123-393 940 66 901 185 199 22 402 023 103,6 2007 25 419 164 450 976 198 946 252 030 1 639 318 3 747 381-2 108 063 462 707 971 863-509 156 87 336 198 408 23 674 203 100,0
Methodological notes At the time of the preliminary national accounts estimations for 2007, data sources necessary for the calculations are not fully complete. Next estimates of 2007 on the basis of comprehensive information will be published in May 2009. The system of national accounts is a system of macroeconomic statistical accounts summarising the country s economic activities by comparing the production of goods with their use. The methodology of HCSO follows the articles of European System of Accounts (ESA 95) and its amendments based on the integrated system prepared by the agency of the United Nations, Eurostat, IMF, OECD and the World Bank (System of National Accounts, SNA 93). Accordingly, it is harmonized with the methodology used in EU member countries. Glossary on terms Gross output consists of goods and services that are produced within an institutional unit to be purchased by other institutional units and of those that are produced for own final use. It is valued at basic prices in the national accounts. Intermediate consumption consists of the value of goods and services consumed as inputs in the process of production, excluding the consumption of fixed capital. These inputs are purchased from other units. Intermediate consumption is valued at market prices. Gross domestic product is a concept of value added. It is the sum of gross value added of all resident producers (institutional sectors or industries) measured at basic prices, plus the balance of taxes and subsidies on products, which cannot be divided among the industries or sectors. So GDP is an aggregate value at market prices. GDP can be defined by three approaches: by production approach it is: + the sum of gross value added at basic prices + taxes on products subsidies on products by expenditure approach it is: + final consumption expenditure of households + final consumption expenditure of government + final consumption expenditure of non-profit institutions serving households + gross fixed capital formation + changes in inventories + exports imports 21
by income approach it is: 1 + wages and salaries + employers social contributions other subsidies on production + other taxes on production + gross operating surplus and mixed income + taxes on products subsidies on products Taxes less subsidies on products is the difference between taxes and subsidies connected with the acquisition, sale and any other transfers of goods and services (i.e. customs duties, consumption tax, value added tax, producer price subsidy and consumer price subsidy). Household consumption comprises the value of goods and services meeting the personal consumption requirements of households resident in Hungary. The sources of financing are household consumption expenditure, social transfers from the general government and social transfers in kind from non-profit institutions serving households. Collective consumption is a part of total final consumption which is intended to satisfy collective needs or needs of large sections of the community. This type of consumption should be financed exclusively by the general government sector due to the definition of the concept. Final consumption is the value of goods and services consumed by households and the community independently of the source of financing. Gross fixed capital formation: includes the value of purchased or own-produced tangible fixed assets and intangible fixed assets, the increase of used assets in value terms, the value of ownaccount production of fixed assets, capital transfer in kind from abroad and rental paid for financial leasing. Gross fixed capital formation is not reduced by the consumption of fixed capital (annual depreciation of the capital stock). Consumption of fixed capital: represents the amount of fixed assets used up during the considered period as a result of normal wear and tear and foreseeable obsolescence. Gross capital formation is the sum of gross fixed capital formation and change in inventories. Change in inventories: the value of change in the own-produced and purchased inventories of each sector, which occurs during the accounting period. External trade turnover is the export and import turnover of goods and services. Turnover of goods comprises general turnover based on foreign trade statistics (including the turnover between industrial customs free zones and the rest of the world), repair charges, and inward and outward processing. The turnover of services includes tourism as well as the balance of re-exports and reimports. The external trade balance is the balance of export and import turnover of goods and services of the national economy. Prices used. The basic price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or service produced as output minus any tax payable and plus any subsidy receivable on that unit as a consequence of its production or sale. Purchasers price is the amount actually paid by the purchaser, excluding any deductible VAT or similar deductible taxes. (It means it excludes 1 Data in this publication were estimated by two approaches (production and use). 22
taxes on purchased goods and services that are acquired for intermediate consumption and subsidies on products.) Gross national income (GNI) is equal to GDP less primary income payable to non-resident units plus primary income receivable from non-resident units and the balance of subsidies receivable from the EU and taxes payable to the EU. While GDP is a concept of value added, GNI is a concept of income (primary income). GNI = + gross domestic product (GDP) + primary income receivable from non-resident economic units primary income payable to non-resident economic units taxes payable to the EU + subsidies receivable from the EU Primary incomes are incomes that accrue to institutional units as a consequence of their involvement in the process of production or of their ownership of assets that may be needed for purposes of production (e.g. compensation of employees, dividends on invested capital, interest, etc.). Non-financial corporations sector covers all the corporations with and without legal entity, except sole proprietors. It includes those non-profit institutions, too, whose principal activity is mainly the production of market goods or non-financial services and so their costs are financed from their sales receipts. Financial corporations sector consists of all corporations principally engaged in financial intermediation. i.e. the National Bank of Hungary, commercial banks, savings co-operatives, credit co-operatives, specialized credit institutions, financial enterprises dealing with financial leasing, other credit-granting corporations, private pension funds, voluntary mutual pension funds, health and income-replacement funds, insurance companies, insurance unions, investment fund managers, security dealers etc. General government sector covers the units mainly financed by the budgets of the central government and local governments, extra-budgetary funds and social security funds. It also includes those non-profit institutions which are mainly financed by the state budget and the Hungarian Privatization and State Holding Company (ÁPV Rt), as well. Household sector covers the activities of households both as consumers and, where appropriate, as producers. The latter category includes sole proprietors, production of households for their own final use and housing services by owner-occupied dwellings. Non-profit institutions serving households sector includes those non-profit institutions that are not controlled directly by the government and are mainly financed by fees and other contributions obtained mostly from private resources. Constant price estimations are calculated at the prices of previous years. 23
Methodological changes introduced during the calculation on second estimation data of year 2007 I. Corrections which modified both GDP and GNI: A/ Modification of the value-limit of small tools The modification of the methodology was asked by Eurostat in the Mission Report on GNI information visit to Hungary Action Point (A). The aim of the method is to raise the value-limit of small tools, to be in line with the 500-Euro value-limit of ESA95. In Hungarian accounting the value limit used is only HUF 100 thousand. The total value of small tools can be written off in the year of its purchase. It is accounted as cost of production. The expert estimation was based on data of the depreciation of small tools (tangible fixed assets, rights, intellectual property). These data were obtained from administrative data sources. On the production side the correction was made on four-digit-level industries, and in the case of GFCF on two-digit level, by groups of assets. With the amount of the difference between the original and the new values, we raised the amount of intermediate consumption, and in parallel lowered the GFCF on the use side. The difference between the old and the new data lines lowers the level of GDP as it is consistently accounted on both sides. The modification does not change the original data of investment statistics, but it is one element of a bridge between investment statistics and GFCF. Effect of the value-limit change of small tools on GDP (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total -34.8-28.3-29.4-30.8-5.6-9.6 B/ Adjustment of real estate funds in sub-sector S.123 Due to the lack of information, sub-sector S.123 did not contain data of real estate funds before 2007. The accounting of these funds became possible as a result of the cooperation between the HCSO and the National Bank of Hungary concerning the harmonisation of financial and nonfinancial accounts. The NBH made estimates regarding rents collected by real estate funds on the basis of information from their balance sheets and a calculated average yield. We increased the output of sub-sector S.123 by this estimated amount. Considering that the first real estate funds were established in 2001, we made backward calculations till 2001. 24
Impact of the new adjustment of real estate funds on GDP (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total +0.9 +2.5 +5.8 +7.1 +11.9 +17.7 C/ Non-refunded expenditure on EU intervention Intervention on inventories was accounted in government expenditure in 2007 but it covers costs for three years: 2005 2007. The expenditure was split according to the distribution of all incurred expenditure. Effect of non-refunded expenditure on EU intervention on GDP (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total -4.4-10.0-7.7 II. Corrections which modified GNI: A/ Interest matrix Until 2007 interest figures of institutional sectors in national accounts were defined on nonharmonised data sources, so there was no adequate consistency between the figures ensured. The National Bank of Hungary is the institution where the stocks of different financial instruments and accrued interests split by sectors and sub-sectors are available on quarterly basis. The National Bank of Hungary compiled a matrix of interest flows between institutional sectors. The matrix contains interest flows among resident sectors and the rest of the world, and the consistency with the basic FISIM input is ensured. Effect of the change of new interest matrix on GNI (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total -23.3-45.4-29.9-29.4 +14.3.. 25
B/ Corrections in the compensation of employees The main data source for the GDP/GNI transition items until the end of 2007 was the Balance of Payments statistics (BOP) compiled by the National Bank of Hungary (NBH). In this new system of BOP, data on gross compensation of employees (CoE) including income taxes and social contributions, paid abroad and received from abroad are provided by the HCSO. The estimation of CoE paid abroad was based on the personal income tax records of resident non- Hungarian citizens employed in Hungary. Among the citizens of foreign countries those were regarded as non-residents who declared their personal income tax only in one single year. Persons travelling from neighbouring countries on a daily basis, and temporary workers from Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Croatia and Serbia were also regarded as non-residents, since they remain residents in their country according to their permanent place of residence. On the basis of the tax data of legal workers on wages and salaries, the income of non-registered employees was estimated. According to expert judgements, the total number of employees working abroad is twice as much as the number of work permits issued. The estimated number of non-registered employees was obtained by deducting from this amount the number of employees who declared their personal income tax. Their salaries were estimated by using the salaries data of legally employed workers. The above estimation was supplemented by the estimated income from illegal activities (production and distribution of drugs, and sexual services) of foreign citizens. Data on the number of Hungarians working abroad available from the national balance sheet of labour compiled by HCSO and the study of the Office for European Affairs were used for the estimation of CoE received from abroad. Labour statistics provide information on workers abroad by countries and industries. To this information Eurostat data on average monthly earnings by countries were added. For the five most important countries employing Hungarian residents (Austria, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States) detailed calculations were made. Data on other countries were estimated by using the average of these five countries. Our assumption is that Hungarians working abroad earn less than the average, around 75% of the employees of the country in question. It was considered in the estimation. The study of the Office for European Affairs mentions that the number of Hungarian employees working abroad is much higher (around 40% more) than the data available from official sources. Hence the number of employees recorded by official statistics was regarded as the number of temporary workers (employed during less than one year) only. The rest of this population was regarded as permanent employees (employed during more than one year), i.e. residents abroad. 26
Effect of the change in compensation of employees on GNI 2000 2006 Year Published in last GNI Questionnaire, in 2007 Published in recent GNI Questionnaire, in 2008 at current prices, million HUF million HUF Difference in percentage of previous GNI data 2000 32 341 137 313 104 972 0.82 2001 32 405 150 788 118 383 0.82 2002 14 166 115 443 101 277 0.62 2003 6 433 155 297 148 864 0.83 2004-303 187 204 187 507 0.96 2005-5 013 207 672 212 685 1.02 2006 4 297 240 497 236 200 1.07 C/ Modification of the income on FDI equity According to its publication and revision policy, the NBH revised the data on dividends and reinvested earnings previously published for years 2004 2006. We replaced the transition figures with these new ones. Effect of the change in the income on FDI equity on GNI (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Total +5.3-53.5 +70.5 III. Corrections which modified only the structure of GDP: A/ Corrections in gross fixed capital formation There were three changes in GFCF data. First, corrections were made because of data collection errors in the corporate sector in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The second adjustment was made due to the changes of agricultural investment data in agricultural accounts. The agricultural investment data are estimated from a new data source, based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture instead of the investment survey of HCSO. 27
Further correction was made because of small tools. (See above in point I/A) Effect of the change of corrections on GFCF (at current prices, billion HUF) 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Total -13.9-13.7-1.3 +156.9-24.5-9.6 B/ Revision of external trade data To external trade figures two adjustments were made. First, there were some data corrections in data of both goods and services during the normal revision processes. The second adjustment, concerning the activities of foreign traders without physical presence, decreased the valuation differences between national accounts and foreign trade statistics. These special entities have Hungarian VAT (Value Added Tax) numbers, they submit VAT tax returns to the Hungarian tax authority but they do not have establishments or employees in Hungary. According to the regulation of the EU their data are collected in external trade statistics and their activities are accounted as a part of the Hungarian external trade. However, there is no exact international recommendation for the treatment of this special trade in the national accounts and balance of payments. In Hungarian experts opinion these entities do not belong to the Hungarian economy from the national accounts and balance of payments point of view, therefore their economic performance should be treated differently from the rules on external trade statistics. This means that their price gap originating from their external trade activities has to be taken out of account entirely in the national accounts and balance of payments. In the case of exports the prices of special traders must be reduced because the sales/values recorded in foreign trade statistics are higher than the prices applied by domestic partners in domestic markets. The sales/values of imports recorded in foreign trade statistics are lower than the prices of imports in domestic markets, so the prices of special traders must be increased. The methodology of this correction was discussed by the NBH, and they made the same correction in the BoP. 28
Item Effect of changes in external trade, 2006 Published in September 2007 Published in September 2008 at current prices, million HUF Difference in % of previous data Goods exports 15 635 155 15 448 570-186 585-1.2 imports 15 883 740 16 004 659 120 919 0.8 balance -248 586-556 090-307 504 Services without tourism exports 1 895 723 1 918 029 22 306 1.2 imports 2 021 059 2 041 670 20 611 1.0 balance -125 336-123 641 1 695 Tourism exports 963 131 963 131 0 0.0 imports 448 569 448 569 0 0.0 balance 514 562 514 562 0 External trade, total Exports 18 494 008 18 329 729-164 279-0.9 Imports 18 353 369 18 494 898 141 530 0.8 Balance 140 640-165 169-305 809 Summary overall effect The effects of methodological changes and data revisions led to a decrease of HUF 57.7 billion (- 0.3%) in the GDP for 2005, and an increase of HUF +28.0 billion (+0.1%) in the GDP for 2006, compared to the previous GNI Questionnaire. 29