Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 3 History of Industrial Architecture

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Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 3 History of Industrial Architecture 3.

1 Architecture of Workplaces 1. Lecture 3 History of Industrial Architecture Industrial Architecture in Hungary IPARTERV =History of the Company for Industrial Building Design Dobai János DLA associate professor Bartók István DLA associate professor

2 Events, processes: The years after World War II. Restoration, necessity Cold war: East-West, the end of colonies, political movements Realingment of population (age tree) Effects of war bulk manufacture War factories, overflow of capacity, labour force? Light structures, new materials Development of consumer societies Growing needs, growing needs for building Development Thrift with materials, new materials: pre-stressed reinforced concrete, laminated timber, resin glues and synthetic materials Structural innovations: space trusses, shell structures, cable structures Efficiency: (spare on labour force, construction time) Prefabrication of reinforced concrete becomes general Flexibility: ability of rearrangement, building services equivalence Prestige architecture Experimentation with new materials The end of heroism of industrial architecture

3 Budapest 1945

4 War bulk manufacture: Willow plant of Ford, Michigan, USA, Albert Kahn, 1940 (25 B-24 aeroplanes/day, 8800 altogether, max workers)

5 Early light structure buildings

6 Printing hall, Tours, France 1950 Jean Prouvé,

7 Mobile school, experimental aluminium building, Jean Prouvé 1954

8 Plan of a hangar for the US Air Force, 1945 Konrad Wachsmann ( )

9 Lever House New York, Gordon Bunsaft, SOM

10 Lever House New York, Gordon Bunsaft, SOM

11 Seagram Building, New York, Mies van der Rohe,

12 Characteristic works of the Braunschweig School , Germany, Walter Henn

13 Siemens production hall, Brunswick, Germany, Walter Henn, 1955

14 OLIVETTI Frankfurt, Egon Eiermann ( )

15 Dimaxion House, Dimaxion Vehicle, Fly s eye Dome, Buckminster Fuller ( )

16 EXPO 1967, Pavilon of the USA, Montreal, Buckminster Fuller ( )

17 EXPO 1967, Pavilion of Germany, Montreal, Otto Frei

18 Olimpic Stadion, Munich, Otto Frei, Behnish, 1968

work on the building site (advantage) Expensive

19 Construction with precast reinforced concrete structure elements: Effective construction, even quality, less work on the building site (advantage) Expensive transport, dimension limits, sensitive joints on site (disadvantage)

English architects in the track of the best engineer traditions James Stirling, James Gowan High-tech architecture: Followers of Buckminster

20 English architects in the track of the best engineer traditions James Stirling, James Gowan High-tech architecture: Followers of Buckminster Fuller: Norman Foster Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano Nicholas Grimshaw University of Leicester, UK, Engineering Building, J. Stirling, J. Gowan,

21 Olivetti Study Centre, Haslemere, UK, James Stirling, 1969

22 Reliance Controls building, Swindon, UK, Team 4 (Norman and Wendy Forster, Richard Rogers, Tony Hunt) 1965

23 Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, Norman Foster, 1978

24 Renault Distribution Centre, Swindon, UK, Norman Foster, 1982

25 Renault Distribution Centre, Swindon, UK, Norman Foster, 1982

26 Renault Distribution Centre, Swindon, UK, Norman Foster, 1982

27 Centre Pompidou, Paris, Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers,

28 Centre Pompidou, Paris, Renzo Piano & Richard Rogers,

29 Fleetguard Factory, Quimper, France, Richard Rogers,

30 INMOS Processor factory, Newport, Wales, Richard Rogers,

31 Herman Miller Furniture Store, Chippenham, UK, Nicholas Grimshaw, 1976

32 Herman Miller Furniture Store, Chippenham, UK, Nicholas Grimshaw, 1976

33 IGUS Centre, Köln, Germany, Nicholas Grimshaw, 2000

34 IGUS Centre, Köln, Germany, Nicholas Grimshaw, 2000

35 IGUS Centre, Köln, Germany, Nicholas Grimshaw, 2000

36 Aplix Factory, Le Cellier-Sur-Loire, Nantes, Dominique Perrault,

37 Aplix Factory, Le Cellier-Sur-Loire, Nantes, Dominique Perrault,

38 Book distributor, Paris, Dominique Perrault,

39 Velodrom, Berlin, Domeniquie Perrault

40 Ricola Chocolate factory, store, Mulhouse, Switzerland Herzog & de Meuron, 1987

41 Ricola Chocolate factory, plant building Mulhouse, Switzerland Herzog & de Meuron, 1993

42 Signalbox, Basel, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron,

43 Railway engine depot, Basel, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron, 1995

44 Railway engine depot, Basel, Switzerland, Herzog & de Meuron, 1995

45 Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California, Herzog & de Meuron, 1997

46 Dominus Winery, Napa Valley, California, Herzog & de Meuron, 1997

47 Kaufmann Holz AG Distribution Center, Bobingen, Germany, Florian Nagler, 1999

48 Kaufmann Holz AG Distribution Center, Bobingen, Germany, Florian Nagler, 1999

49 Tramdepot Basel, Switzerland, Proplaning Architekten,

50 Tramdepot Basel, Switzerland, Proplaning Architekten,

51 Early industrial architecture in Hungary similar tasks as all over the world: transportation: railways and related establishments river regulation heavy industry, processing industry (food industry, textile industry) mining

52 Railway stations Western Railway Station, Budapest, August W. De Serres, Auguste Eiffel 1877 Eastern Railway Station, Budapest, Rochlitz Gyula,

53 Bridges Franz Josef-Liberty bridge Feketeházy János, 1896 Elisabeth bridge, Nagy Virgill, 1903 a 290 m long chainbridge, the first martinsteel bridge in Hungary

54 Underground railway 1896, (reinforced concrete bridge: Wünch Róbert)

55 Water tower Szeged, 1904 Water tower on Margaret Island, Budapest 1911 Zielinszky Szilárd Musicacademy, Budapest, 1907 Architects: Korb Flóris and Giergl Kálmán Reinforced concrete slabs

56 GANZ Factory, Budapest II. Mechwart András headmaster 1911 Steam mills Gizella and Concordia Budapest IX. Soroksári út

57 Great fair estate, Budapest IX. Münnich Aladár statics: Obrist Vilmos,

58 Great fair estate, Budapest IX. Münnich Aladár statics: Obrist Vilmos, span: 42m, length: 247m, inner clearance: 17m

Bus garage in Kelenföld 1938-41, Budapest XI.

59 Bus garage in Kelenföld , Budapest XI. Menyhárd István (reinforced concrete shell with tension bar, 82m span!) Architect: Padányi-Gulyás Jenő Budaörs airport, (Birbauer) Borbíró Virgil,

60 Stühmer Chocolate factory Budapet IX. Vágóhíd utca Olgyay brothers, 1943

62 The years after World War II., then socialization in 1948 Socialist tasks: development of industry, heavy industry Centralized (socialized design offices) IPARTERV was established with a cabinet s decree on 5th December Headmaster, later senior engineer: Dr. Szendrői Jenő , Number of 1300 people (with assistants, fellow engineers) Auguste Perret Prise (UIA) 1961 for great-element prefabrication Between new plants and halls, a building volume of 53 million m3 It s attitude is determining also today. It avioded social realismus Many of Hungarian leader architects have begun their career here, or established the whole lifework: Lauber László, Szabó Árpád, Juhász Jenő, Rácz György, Csaba László, Mináry Olga Gulyás Zoltán, Virág Csaba, Kévés György, Vadász György, Molnár Péter, Földesi Lajos, Bajnay László, Rimanóczy Jenő, Arnóth Lajos, Lázár Antal, Reimholz Péter, Rajk László, Patonai Dénes, Ungár Péter, Kapitány József, Kapy Jenő, Wagner Péter, Kőnig Tamás, Koris János, Benczur László, Szász László, Pazár Bála, Dévényi Tamás, Dobai János 44 Ybl prises until 1974

IPARTERV = Company for Industrial Building Design Why is it important: - the best architectural office of the country that gave an attitude - not only on behalf of

63 IPARTERV = Company for Industrial Building Design Why is it important: - the best architectural office of the country that gave an attitude - not only on behalf of industrial tasks - intellectual workshop Leader: Dr. Szendrői Jenő ( ) - architect of a number of industrial and public buildings - leader of the Masterschool

64 1. Era: Great tasks Great-element prefabrication engineer structures Mátrai (Gottwald) Gyula, Gnädig Miklós, Menyhárd István Power plants: 1. Inota Dunaújváros, Berente, Tiszapalkonya 3. Pécsújhely 1958 Industrial plants: Hall of Duna Ironworks, Ikarusz, Budapest-Mátyásföld Chemical manure storage, Kazincbarcika Cable factory, Budapest 2. Era: Industrial buildings en masse Standardized skeleton structures Unique public and residental buildings (Masterschool, Dr. Szendrői Jenő) Gulyás Zoltán, Földesi Lajos, Molnár Péter, Virág Csaba 3. Era: Mixed building tasks Standard structures, light structures Domus warehouses, Incinerator

65 Inota power plant 1950, Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly, under construction

66 Borsod power plant 1953 Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly Lifting the load bearing pillar element

67 Borsod power plant 1953, Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly, turbine hall today

Tiszapalkonya power plant 1952-57, Mátrai Gy.

68 Tiszapalkonya power plant , Mátrai Gy., Pászti K., lifting the trussed main girder

69 Tiszapalkonya power plant , Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly, turbine hall

Power plant Pécsújhely, 1955-59 Mátrai Gyula,

70 Power plant Pécsújhely, Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly Lifting the load bearing wall element

71 Power plant Pécsújhely, , Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly, lifting the roof element

Power plant Pécsújhely, 1955-59, Forming

72 Power plant Pécsújhely, , Forming the facade with load bearing wall elements

73 Cabel works, Budapest, XI. Budafoki út, 1960, Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly

74 Ikarusz autobus factory Budapest, Mátyásföld, , Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly

75 Ikarusz autobus factory Budapest, Mátyásföld, , Mátrai Gyula, Pászti Károly

76 Chemical manure storage, Kazincbarcika, , Gnädig Miklós

77 Chemical manure storage, Kazincbarcika, , Gnädig Miklós

78 Light Metal Works, Székesfehérvár, Farkas Ipoly, Menyhárd István,

79 Iron Industry Research Institute, Budapest, XI. Fehérvári út Dr. Szendrői Jenő, Lauber László, 1950

80 BHG Telecommunication Factory, Budapest, XI. Fehérvári út Arnóth Lajos, dr. Szendrői Jenő, 1963

81 Residental buiding, Budapest XI. Fehérvári út, Gulyás Zoltán, 1960

82 Chemolimpex headquarters, Budapest V. Deák Ferenc utca, Gulyás Zoltán,

83 Medicor center, Budapest XIII. Visegrádi utca, Gulyás Zoltán and Reimholz Péter,

84 Thank you for your attention.

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