UNIVERSITY OF PANNONIA GEORGIKON FACULTY KESZTHELY Deprtment of Animl Sciences nd Animl Husndry Doctorl School of Animl nd Agriculturl Environmentl Sciences Hed of the doctorl school: Dr. Angél And, D.Sc. Foundtion of plnt protein sed feeding of Europen ctfish (Silurus glnis) in intensive systems Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) thesis Written y: Máté Hvsi Supervisors: Dr. Miklós Bercsényi university professor nd Dr. Szolcs Ngy university docent Keszthely, Hungry 2014 1
Introduction nd ojectives The growing demnd of fish due to the growing popultion cn e secured only if the quculture sector develops nd grows in the future. At the sme time the mrket nd trde require constnt nd relile production. This could primrily e provided from intensive rering fcilities. The costs of n intensive production system re very high therefore only the production of vlule (e. g. predtory) fish species cn prove economicl in such systems. For this purpose the ntive, predtory Europen ctfish species the wels (Silurus glnis, Linneus, 1758) is pproprite ccording to Hungrin studies nd exmples from Western Europe. Wels production in Hungry hs unexploited possiilities s, in spite of its numerous fortunte properties, it covers only 1-2% of totl cultured fish in pond culture. Nowdys fish in intensive rering fcilities re usully fed with feeds contining fish mel s primry protein source. The ctches of mrine species which provide the rw mteril of the fish mel, hve een stgnting or decresing glolly since the eginning of the 90 s. Due to the still growing demnd for fish mel the sustinility of this prctice hs ecome uncertin, s the price of fish mel could ecome too expensive in the future. Therefore it is n urgent nd common interest in quculture to reduce the mount of the fish mel in commercil fish diets or sustitute it with lterntive protein sources e. g. other niml proteins, plnt protein or fermenttion products. For intensive wels culture in Hungry comined intensive-extensive system could e pproprite, in which enefits of oth types re utilized. In such systems dministrtion of cheper, even less protein contining feeds cn e economic. Adopting new technology for the production of species requires the clrifiction of mny technologicl detils. As remrkle prt of the production costs is the feed cost, the thrift is dependnt on this fctor. It is of primry interest to optimize feeding issues. Regrding sustinility it is lso importnt to develop feeds, which provide good growth nd flesh qulity, ut on the other hnd re mde of chep, inlnd ingredients nd contin none or very smll mounts of fishmel. Feed consumption of fish occurs hidden from our eyes; we hve only indirect informtion out ctul feed portion demnd. In order to reduce feed wste it is prmount to know the effects of optiml dily feed portions nd feeding frequencies on producing prmeters. 2
According to this the ims of this study: The determintion of optiml dily feed portion in cses of one-summer old wels. The determintion of optiml feeding frequency in cses of one-summer old wels. The determintion of pssing time of feed through the digestive trct t different tempertures. Rering wels on plnt protein sed feeds. Sustitution of fish mel in the feeds of wels. Mterils nd Methods The experiments in this disserttion re highly relted however, for ese of understnding they re shown seprtely. Regrding the suject the experiments cn e divided into two mjor ctegories: Exmintions of feeding-technology prmeters Exmintions of the possiilities of fishmel sustitution Common fetures of the different experiments re tht, they were conducted in smll scle recircultion systems. Due to the reduced experimentl spce, young, one-summer old specimens were used. The lights in the room were dimmed nd the temperture ws held t etween 20-25 o C. Wter temperture nd oxygen sturtion were mesured dily nd the concentrtion of hrmful inorgnic N-forms were mesured weekly. Exmintions of feeding-technology prmeters Determintion of optiml dily feed portion Eight individuls (m men ±SD: 48.8 ± 13.5 g) were stocked in ech fish tnk. Four tretments were pplied in triplictes. The tretments differed from ech other in the dily feed portion, which were the following expressed in the percentge of ody weight: 1%, 2.5%, 4%, 5.5%. Feed ws offered with utomtic elt feeders over 12 hours dy. The feed ws the sme in ech tretment (AQUAGARANT). The mount of offered feed ws incresed weekly ccording to the mesured ody weight gin. 3
Determintion of optiml feeding frequency Fifteen ctfish were stocked in ech of the nine quriums with n verge initil weight of 59.9±12.8 g (men±sd). Therefore the stocking density ws 2.81±0.12 gl -1. Three different tretments were pplied in 3-3 replictes In the cse of the first tretment fish were fed continuously during 12-hr period dily with utomtic elt feeders. The second group of fish ws hnd fed once dy (1x fed group), while the third group ws hnd fed three times dy (3x fed group). In the ltter cse the portion ws divided into three equl quntities. The dily portion (COPPENS Steco Supreme-10) ws 2.5% in ech group expressed s the percentge of the ctul stock ody weight. The portion ws djusted weekly ccording to the ctul ody weight. Exmintion of pssing times of different feeds Eleven ctfish specimens were stocked into ech tnk (66 ltogether, weight (men ± SD): 38.03 ± 8.04 g). Fish were individully mrked y pssive integrted trnsponder tgs (PIT), which were injected dominlly. Two tretments were pplied in 3 3 replictes. One group (D group) ws fed y rtificil dry feed (Skretting Altern Mrine), while the other (F group) received sliced forge fish (Crssius urtus). The temperture ws set to 15 º C Four dys efore the experiment, feeding ws suspended, in order to void the presence of ny gut content from previous feeds. Weight of the fish with empty guts ws mesured, nd they were then fed once y d liitum hnd feeding. After feeding, individul ody weight ws mesured on regulr sis. The elpsed time etween two mesurements vried etween 2 nd 5 h. Fish cn suffer hrmful distress during mesuring, which cn highly ffect the metolic processes. Therefore, we tried to reduce stress y mesuring only one replicte in ech tretment t one time. So, ech specimen ws mesured t only every third mesuring occsion. Grphs were drwn s functions of time nd ody weight, efore nd fter feeding. Pssing time ws clculted s time etween feeding nd time point when the ody weights of specimens strted to decrese. After the gut content ws excreted, feeding ws cesed for nother 4 dys. This whole process ws repeted t 20 nd 24 º C with the sme stock 4
without chnging groups. Possiilities of fish mel replcement The effect of different dmixtures on the growth performnce of wels, dministering plnt protein sed feeds. 120 specimens were used (m men ±SD: 42.9±6.8 g) in this experiment. Four different tretments were pplied. First group ws fed with squeler feed (ByPro Clssic 35) (S), the second one (SB) ws fed with mixture of squeler feed nd lood mel (9:1), the third group (SF) fed on mixture of squeler feed nd fermented grins (5:5), the fourth group (CF) ws fed with mixture of grnulted feed (HALTÁP Ltd.) nd fermented grins (7:3). Squeler feed contined lmost exclusively plnt derived protein (whet, corn, soy en). The fermented grin consisted of corn, whet nd rye in the rtio 2:1:1. The tretments were conducted in triplictes. Fish were fed to stition three times dily. Fish mel sustitution with met mel nd plnt protein. Fifteen specimens were plced in ech qurium (m men ±SD: 70.9±9.4 g). The following three tretments were pplied: fish mel contined feed, met mel contined feed nd plnt protein sed feed. Ltter consisted of only plnt derived ingredients. The three different feeds were isonitrogenous nd the mino cid profiles were similr. The constitution of the experimentl feeds ws sed on the demnd of chnnel ctfish. Tretments were conducted in triplictes. The experimentl feeds were distriuted with utomtic elt feeders over 12 hours dy. The dily feed portion ws 2.5% of the ctul ody weight in ech tretment. At the closing of the six weeks long experiment five specimens were dissected from ech tretment. The weights of liver nd dominl ft were mesured, nd homogenous sqush ws mde of fish from ech tretment. Full ody nlysis ws conducted from these squshes regrding the dry mtter-, protein-, ft-, sh- C- nd P-content. Mesures, clcultions, sttisticl nlysis 5
Individul ody weight ws mesured in wter with 0.1g precision; the ody length ws mesured with 0.5 cm precision. From mesured vlues feed conversion rtio (FCR), dily growth (G), specific growth rte (SGR), condition fctor (K) nd reltive weight gin were clculted. The size vrition within stock ws demonstrted with the clcultion of coefficient of vrince (CV). SPSS 14.0 for Windows nd Sttistic 8.0 progrms were used for sttisticl nlysis. The criteri of significnce were determined t 95% profitility. To evlute the mesured dt the following sttisticl proes nd methods were pplied: Shpiro-Wilk test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov proe, Levene test, Kruskl-Wllis test, Mnn-Whitney u-proe, univrite nlysis of vrince (ANOVA), repeted Mesures ANOVA, Tukey, Tmhne nd Newmn-Keuls post hoc tests. The conformnce of functions ws exmined using the determintion coefficient (R 2 ) with Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results Exmintions of feeding-technology prmeters Determintion of optiml dily feed portion By the end of the experiment fish douled their initil ody weight (Figure 1.). The 1% group is n exception. The growth rte of this group ws significntly lower thn in the two other groups (p<0.01). At the end of the experiment men weight ws the highest in the 4% nd 5.5% groups; there ws not ny difference etween these tretments. The growing intensity of the 2.5% group ws significntly lower thn the previous ones (p<0.01). Vlues of dily weight gin nd specific growth rte show the sme. Dt in the 1% group ws lower thn dt of the other three tretments in cses of oth indexes (p<0.05). From the first week of the study the growth rte of the 4% group ws the highest expressed in solute vlue or lso y percentge. At the lst stge the growth rte of 2.5% group differed significntly from the growth rte of the 4% group (p<0.05) (Figure 2.). 6
specific growth rte (%) men weight (g) 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 c 1.0% 2.5% 4.0% 5.5% 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 weeks Figure 1.: Individul men weight during the experiment. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 c c c c 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. weeks 1.0% 2.5% 4.0% 5.5% Figure 2.: Specific growth rte. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). Feed conversion ws the most preferle in the cse of 2.5% group throughout the whole experiment (Figure 3.). This tretment differed significntly from the 1% group t the end of experiment (p<0.05). The lest stisfctory conversion occurred in the 1% nd the 5.5% groups. Significnt differences were not found etween these groups, neither 7
feed conversion rtio (g/g) etween the feed conversion of the 4% nd 2.5% groups. However vlues in the 2.5% were etter throughout the whole period. 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 d d c c 1.0% 2.5% 4.0% 5.5% 0.0 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. weeks Figure 3.: Chnges of feed conversion during the experiment. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). The size differentition of the experimentl stock ws the most ovious in the 1% tretment. In this group the coefficient of vrince douled its vlue during the study. This phenomenon occurred the lest in the 5.5% tretment. Determintion of optiml feeding frequency During the five weeks experiment the specimens hve douled their ody weight. There were not ny significnt differences oserved etween the tretments regrding men ody weight (Figure 4.). The intensity of growth ws the lowest in the 3x fed group initil vlue incresed only to its 1.8-fold. This increse ws twofold in the other two tretments. Therefore the differences which were present during the first prt of the experiment equlized lter, nd the differences etween the tretments were non significnt (Figure 5.). 8
dily weght gin (g/dy) men weight (g) 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 weeks continous 1X/dy 3X/dy Figure 4.: Chnges of men ody weight during the experiment in the three tretments. 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 3x/dy continous 1X/dy 0.5 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 weeks Figure 5.: The dily weight gin expressed in g/dy. Feed conversion rtio ws the lest stisfctory in the 1x fed group t the strt of the experiment. In this group the utiliztion improved progressively over time (p<0.05). There ws no difference etween the other two groups, neither chnging over time. At the end of the experiment there were no differences etween the feed conversion rtios of the three tretments (Figure 6.). 9
feed conversion (g/g) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 continous 1X/dy 3X/dy 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 weeks Figure 6.: Chnges of feed conversion rtio during the experiment. It is demonstrted tht the tretments did not ffect the size vrition. The mximum lterntion within one group during the experiment ws only 2%. Size difference mong fish of the 1x fed group incresed y only 1%. The initil nd finl vlues were the sme in the cses of the other two tretments. Exmintions of pssing times of different feeds The ppetite of fish ws highly influenced y wter temperture At 20 nd 24 ºC, the whole stock ccepted the offered feeds. At 15 º C, only 90.9 % of the fish of F group nd only 42.4 % of the fish of D group consumed the feed. The quntity of consumed feed incresed s wter temperture incresed. This vlue vried etween 3.20 nd 10.68 % of the ody weight in the F group nd etween 1.36 nd 4.46 % in the D group (Figure 7.). There ws significnt difference etween the feed uptke of F nd D groups t ll of the three tempertures (p<0.05). At 20 º C, the evcution occured etween the 36th hour nd the 49th hour fter feeding (Figure 8.). At 24 o C the metolism of fish ccelerted notly. The evcution lredy egun fter the 19th hour fter feeding nd completed y the 35th hour (Figure 9.). 10
ody weight (%*) feed uptke (ody weight %) 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 10.68 3.27 7.69 2.75 4.46 1.87 3.20 1.94 2.55 1.15 1.36 1.00 15 20 24 temperture ( o C) D group F group Figure 7.: The mount of consumed feed expressed in the fish ody weight. D group: dry feed: F group: forge fish. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). 116% 114% 112% 110% 108% 106% 104% 102% 100% c c c c c d d 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 elpsed time (hour) F group D group Figure 8.: The chnges of ody weight in percentge t 20 o C. * 100% is the ody weight of fish with empty gut. D group: dry feed: F group: forge fish. Different letters indicte significnt differences within tretment (p<0.05). 11
men ody weight (g) ody weight (%*) 116% 114% 112% 110% 108% 106% 104% 102% 100% c d c d 0 8 13 19 25 31 35 elpsed time (hour) D group F group Figure 9.: The chnges of ody weight in percentge t 24 o C. * 100% is the ody weight of fish with empty gut.. D group: dry feed: F group: forge fish. Different letters indicte significnt differences within tretment (p<0.05). Possiilities of fish mel replcement The effect of different dmixtures on the growth performnce of wels, dministering plnt protein sed feeds At the end of the experiment men weight of the CF group ws significntly higher thn the three other tretments (p<0.01). There were not ny significnt differences found etween the performnce of S nd SB groups (Figure 10.). The worst growing potentil occurred in the SF group (p<0.01). 235 215 195 175 155 135 115 95 75 55 35 1 2 4 6 8 10 weeks Figure 10.: Men ody weight of wels during the experiment. S: squeler feed, SF: squeler feed + fermented grin (5:5), SB: squeler feed + lood mel (9:1), CF: grnulted feed + fermented grin (7:3). Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). c c c c S SF SB CF 12
dily weight gin (g/dy) The dily weight gin in the CF group ws two times greter thn growing intensity of the plnt protein sed tretments during the whole experimentl period (Figure 11.). At the end the growing intensity of fish in the CF group significntly exceeded the growth rte of the three other tretments (p<0.01). 3.50 3.00 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 S SF SB CF 0.00 1 2 3 4 two weeks periods Figure 11.: Dily weight gin in two weeks periods. S: squeler feed, SF: squeler feed + fermented grin (5:5), SB: squeler feed + lood mel (9:1), CF: grnulted feed + fermented grin (7:3). Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). Men vlue of the feed conversion rtio (FCR) for the whole period ws the lowest in the CF group nd the lest stisfctory in the SF group. There were no significnt differences found etween the feed conversion of S nd SB tretments (Tle I.). Tle I.: Chnges of feed conversion rtio (FCR) during the experiment. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). weeks S SF SB CF 1 1.53±0.06 1.98±0.23 1.53±0.18 0.95±0.04 2 1.73±0.30 1.75±0.15 1.47±0.23 1.00±0.03 3 1.75±0.12 2.25±0.54 1.87±0.27 1.01±0.16 4 1.45±0.50 1.86±0.19 1.72±0.10 1.26±0.26 men±sd 1.61±0.15 1.96±0.22 1.64±0.18 1.05±0.14 S: squeler feed, SF: squeler feed + fermented grin (5:5), SB: squeler feed + lood mel (9:1), CF: grnulted feed + fermented grin (7:3). 13
men ody weight (g) Fish mel sustitution with met mel nd plnt protein. Men weight incresed from 70.9±9.4 g to 117.0±24.0 g during the six week long experiment. By the third week the growth rte of the vegetle diet group significntly lgged ehind from the two other groups (p<0.05). There ws no difference found etween the growth rte of fish mel nd met mel groups, lthough the growing intensity of fish mel group ws igger (Figure 12.). 160.0 150.0 140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0 80.0 70.0 60.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 weeks vegetle diet fish mel met mel Figure 12.: Chnges of individul men ody weight. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). The individul dily weight gin ws lowest in the vegetle diet group during the whole experimentl period (Figure 13.). The iggest dily growth ws oserved in the fish mel group with 1.82 g/dy vlue. The growth performnce of the vegetle diet group significntly lgged ehind the two other tretments y the end of the experiment (p<0.01). The feed conversion rtio ws the est in the fish mel group. The feed conversion in the met mel group ws 1.6, while it ws 2.1 in the cse of the wekest vegetle diet tretment. There ws no significnt difference etween the tretments in this issue (Figure 14.). 14
feed conversion rtio (g/g) dily weight gin (g/dy) 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 weeks vegetle diet fish mel met mel Figure 13.: Individul weight gin during the experiment. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 weeks fish mel met mel vegetle diet Figure 14.: Chnges of feed conversion rtio during the experiment. Different letters indicte significnt differences (p<0.05). Coefficient of vrince showed slight ltertions in the cse of vegetle diet group. In cses of the other two tretments explicit increse ws oservle regrding size vrition (Figure 15.). 15
CV% 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 vegetle diet fish mel met mel 8.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 weeks Figure 15.: The coefficient of vrince in the different tretments. Different letters indicte significnt differences within tretment (p<0.05). Weight of liver ws highest in the met mel group. Within the tretments the size of liver ws very similr nd showed little devition. The rtio of dominl ft ws lmost the sme in the three different tretments, lthough it showed lrge devition. There were no significnt differences etween the groups regrding neither the rtio of dominl ft nor the weight of liver. The ft- nd protein-content were the lowest in vegetle diet group nd highest in the met mel group (Figure 16.). % 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.3 0.8 0.5 1.3 0.1 1.5 0.2 1.2 0.1 dominl ft liver 0.0 fish mel met mel vegetle diet Figure 16.: The rtio of the liver nd dominl ft to the totl ody weight. 16
Discussion According to my results the conclusions re the following. For feeding of one-summer old wels 2.5-4% dily feed portion (ody weight %) is pproprite depending on the wter temperture nd production strtegy. In cold wter nd if the im is etter feed conversion, smller mounts of feed is suggestile. In cses of wrmer wter nd if the priority is rpid growth, lrger feed portions is dvisle. During the experiment no effects of feeding frequency on growth, feed conversion nd size vrition ecme pprent. According to the pulictions of other uthors 3 times dily or more frequent feeding is recommended, in order to void sudden wter qulity chnges nd hrmful distress due to feeding. The temperture dependency of the ppetite nd metolic intensity of wels ws verified. The mount of consumed feed incresed s the temperture ws rised. Specimens consumed twice nd hlf s much from the nturl feed (sliced fish) thn from dry feed. One of the cuses is tht the dry mtter content of the fish is much less thn it is of dry feeds. The evcution time of digestinl trct shortened s the temperture incresed. At 20 C occurrence ws fter 36-49 hours, t 24 C fter 19-35 hours post feeding. According to my results it cn e stted, tht wels cn lso e rered exclusively on plnt protein, however, in this cse its growing performnce is much less thn is cceptle. From the niml derived ingredients I hve exmined, met mel seems usle for sustitution fish mel. The utiliztion of plnt originted feeds in my experiments ws not sufficient to rech stisfying growth performnce. Further studies re needed to rech improved digestiility e.g. with enzymes or proiotics. Moreover the protein nd mino cid demnd of wels nd the optiml protein : energy rtio require determintion. 17
Thesis Points 1. It ws determined, tht 2.5-4% dily feed rtion (ody weight %) is pproprite for the one-summer old wels in cses of dry feed, t 22-23 C. 2. It ws stted, tht feeding frequency hs no significnt effect on growth rte or feed conversion in cses of one-summer old wels. 3. A numericl definition of temperture dependency of feed uptke ws mde in wels t 15 C, 20 C nd 24 C, in the cse of dry feed nd forge fish. It ws determined, tht the evcution of gut content occurs within 36-49 hours following feeding t 20 C nd within 19-35 hours t 24 C. 4. It ws verified in n experimentl wy, tht one-summer old ctfish cn lso e rered lmost solely on plnt protein. However in this cse the growth rte is significntly lower. On the other hnd, the ft content of the filet nd the mount of viscerl ft is lower when dministering plnt sed feeds. 5. It hs een demonstrted, tht lood mel ddition in 10% did not improve the effect of plnt protein sed feed on the growth performnce of wels. 6. The uthor hs shown, tht 100% of fishmel cn e replced with met mel in the feeds of wels without ny significnt decrese in growing intensity or feed conversion. List of pulictions Scientific presenttions relevnt to disserttion 1. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., SZŰCS R., MERTH J., NÉMETH S. (2010) Hrcs (Silurus glnis L.) intenzív nevelése tápon, hlkiegészítéssel, XVI. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, Keszthely, 2010. 03. 25. 2. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., GORZÁS A., LÉVAI P., MERTH J., NÉMETH S. (2010) Hrcs (Silurus glnis L.) intenzív nevelése növényi fehérje 18
lpú tápon, XXXIV. Hlászti Tudományos Tnácskozás, Szrvs, 2010. 05. 13. 3. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., GORZÁS A., LÉVAI P., MERTH J. (2010) Növényi lpú táp lklmzás egy rgdozó hl, lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis) neveléséen. LII. Georgikon Npok, Keszthely, 2010. 09. 31.- 2010. 10.01. 4. HAVASI M., GORZÁS A.,LÉVAI P., MERTH J., BERCSÉNYI M. (2010) Intensive rering of wels (Silurus glnis) fed with plnt protein sed feed. Acvpedi 2010, Kolozsvár, Románi, 2010. 12.03-04. 5. HAVASI M., OLÁH T., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2011) Pssing times of two types of feeds in wels (Silurus glnis) t three different tempertures. Diversifiction in Inlnd Finfish Aquculture, Písek, Cseh Köztársság, 2011. 05. 16.-18. 6. HAVASI M., OLÁH T., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2011) Két különöző tkrmány kiürülési seessége három hőmérsékleten lesőhrcsánál (Silurus glnis). XXXV. Hlászti Tudományos Tnácskozás, Szrvs, 2011. május 25-26. 7. HAVASI M., OLÁH T., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2011) A éltrtlom kiürülési seessége hőmérséklet függvényéen, lesőhrcsán. Doktornduszok Kposvári Workshopj, Kposvár, 2011. 06.08. 8. HAVASI M. (2011) Lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis). Rgdozóhl nevelési ismeretek gykorlti emuttás, Keszthely, 2011. 06.10. 9. HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., LÉVAI P. (2011) Különöző dlékok lklmzás lesőhrcs növényi tápon vló nevelése során. LIII. Georgikon Npok, Keszthely, 2011. 09. 29.-30. 10. BELICZKY G., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., BERCSÉNYI M., GÁL D. (2012) Környezeti terhelés hrcs (Silurus glnis) eltérő fehérje trtlmú tápokon történő tkrmányozás során. LIV. Georgikon Npok, 2012.októer 11-12, Keszthely, Astrct kötet, 36. 11. HAVASI M., BALIKÓ T., NÉMETH S., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Kísérletek hrcs (Silurus glnis) optimális npi tkrmánydgjánk meghtározásár. XXXVI. Hlászti Tudományos Tnácskozás, Szrvs, 2012. május 23-24. 12. HAVASI M., BALIKÓ T., NÉMETH S., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Kísérletek hrcs (Silurus glnis) optimális npi tkrmánydgjánk meghtározásár. Tkrmányozást Okttók és Kuttók Tlálkozój, Keszthely, 2012. 08. 27. 19
13. HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., FELFÖLDI Z., LÉVAI P., OLÁH T., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Studies on the intensive feeding of Silurus glnis: Sustitution of fish mel with plnt proteins, pssing time of different feeds nd dily feeding rte. AQUA 2012, Prág, Cseh Köztársság, 2012.09.05. 14. HAVASI M., BALIKÓ T., NÉMETH S., FELFÖLDI Z., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Kísérletek hrcs (Silurus glnis) optimális npi tkrmánydgjánk meghtározásár. LIV. Georgikon Npok, Keszthely, 2012. 10. 11. 15. BELICZKY G., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., BERCSÉNYI M., GÁL D. (2013) Environmentl lod of wels (Silurus glnis) fed y feeds of different protein levels. Acvpedi 2012, Szrvs, 2012. 11. 27. 16. HAVASI M. (2013) Hrcsnevelés: ismeretek, lehetőségek, kérdések. III. Gödöllői Hlászti-Horgászti Szkemer Tlálkozó, 2013. 01. 24. 17. HAVASI M., BELICZKY G., NÉMETH S., BERCSÉNYI M., NAGY SZ. (2013) Különöző etetési gykoriság htásánk vizsgált lesőhrcsán, recirkulációs rendszeren. XXXVII. Hlászti Tudományos Tnácskozás, Szrvs, 2013. május 22.-23. 18. HAVASI M., BELICZKY G., PÁL L., BERCSÉNYI M., NAGY SZ. (2013) A hlliszt kiválthtóság húsliszttel, illetve növényi fehérjével lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis) tkrmányán. II. ATK Tudományos Np, Mrtonvásár, 2013. 11. 08., poszter szekció 19. BERCSÉNYI M., HAVASI M., BELICZKY G., GÁL D., BALIKÓ T., SZÉKELY CS., MERTH J., PÁL L. (2013) Kísérletek lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis) intenzív tömegtermelésének meglpozásár I-II (N-formák megjelenése, etetési gykoriság htási). II. ATK Tudományos Np, Mrtonvásár, 2013. 11. 08. Scientific pulictions relevnt to the disserttion 1. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., SZŰCS R., MERTH J., NÉMETH S. (2010) Hrcs (Silurus glnis L.) intenzív nevelése tápon, hlkiegészítéssel. XVI. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, digitális konferenci-kidvány, ISBN 978-963-9639-36-2 2. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., GORZÁS A., LÉVAI P., MERTH J. (2010) Növényi lpú táp lklmzás egy rgdozó hl, lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis) neveléséen. LII. Georgikon Npok, elektronikus konferenci kidvány, ISBN 978-963-9639-39-3 20
3. HAVASI M., GORZÁS A., LÉVAI P., MERTH J., BERCSÉNYI M. (2010) Intensive rering of wels (Silurus glnis) fed with plnt protein sed feed. AACL Bioflux, 3 (5), 347-353. 4. HAVASI M., Oláh T., Felföldi Z., Bercsényi M. (2011) Táplálékhl és szárz táp áthldási idejének vizsgált lesőhrcs (Silurus glnis L.) éltrktusán. Hlászt, 2011/1, 29-32. 5. HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., LÉVAI P. (2011) Különöző dlékok lklmzás lesőhrcs növényi tápon vló nevelése során. LIII. Georgikon Npok,elektronikus konferenci kidvány, ISBN 978-963- 9639-44-7, pp. 355-362. 6. BELICZKY G., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., NAGY G., BERCSÉNYI M., GÁL D. (2012) Környezeti terhelés hrcs (Silurus glnis) eltérő fehérje trtlmú tápokon történő tkrmányozás során. Hlászt, Vol. 105/4. pp.25-28. 7. HAVASI M., FELFÖLDI Z., GORZÁS A., LÉVAI P., MERTH J., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Intensive rering of wels (Silurus glnis L.) using plnt protein sed feed. Georgikon for Agriculture, 15/1, 19-31. 8. HAVASI M., OLÁH T., FELFÖLDI Z., NAGY SZ., BERCSÉNYI M. (2012) Pssing times of two types of feeds in wels (Silurus glnis) t three different tempertures. Aquculture Interntionl, 15 (5), DOI: 10.1007/s10499-012-9564-y, IF= 0,912 9. BELICZKY G., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., BERCSÉNYI M., GÁL D. (2013) Environmentl lod of wels (Silurus glnis) fed y feeds of different protein levels. AACL Bioflux 6(1):12-17. Other scientific pulictions 1. TÁTRAI I., JÓZSA V., GYÖRGY Á.I., HAVASI M., SZABÓ I. (2006) A us iológii szerepének és htásánk vizsgált Bltonn. In: Mhunk S., Bnczerowski J. (szerk.) A Blton kuttásánk 2005. évi eredményei Mgyr Tudományos Akdémi, Budpest, 73-83. 2. TÁTRAI I., KORPONAI J., MÁTYÁS K., POMOGYI P., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2006) Importnce of the Crustcen plnkton in the regultion of phytoplnkton iomss in shllow wetlnd lke with undnt sumerged vegettion, s prt of the wter qulity reservoir. The 5 th Internt. Conf. on Resl. Limnol. And Wter Qulity, Brno. Book of Astrcts, 238-242. 21
3. HAVASI M., TÁTRAI I., KORPONAI J., KUCSERKA T. (2007) A domináns Cldocer plnkton méret- és termékenységváltozás Kis-Blton tározó I. ütemén. Hidrol. Közl. 87/6., 64-66. 4. KUCSERKA T., TÁTRAI I., HAVASI M. (2007) Hlállományok htás mkrozooentosz populáció dinmikájár Kis-Blton tározó I-es ütemén. Hidrol. Közl. 87/6., 93-96. 5. GYÖRGY Á.I., HAVASI M., BOROS G. (2008) A hlállomány összetételének változás 2005-2007 során Kis-Blton tározó Mjortván. Hidrológii Közlöny, 88/6., 64-65. 6. HAVASI M., TÁTRAI I., KORPONAI J., KUCSERKA T. (2008) A Bosmin longirostris méret- és termékenységváltozás Mjor-tón. Hidrol. Közl. 88/6., 76-96. 7. HAVASI M. (2009) A Bosmin longirostris dinmikáj és táplálékhálóztn etöltött szerepe Mjor-tón. Hidrológii Tájékozttó, 2009: 24-25. 8. TÁTRAI I., BOROS G., GYÖRGY Á. I., MÁTYÁS K., KORPONAI J., POMOGYI P., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2009) Arupt shift from cler to turid stte in shllow, eutrophic, iomnipulted lke. Hydroiologi, 620/1.,149-161. IF=1.754 9. TÁTRAI I. MÁTYÁS K., KORPONAI J., POMOGYI P., GYÖRGY Á. I., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2009) Chnges in wter clrity during fishmnipultion nd post-mnipultion periods in shllow eutrophic lke. Fundmentl nd Applied Limnology, 174: 135-145. IF= 0.989 10. FELFÖLDI Z., ARDÓ L., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S. (2011) Immunstimulátorok vizsgált cspó sügéren (Perc fluvitilis). XVII. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, digitális konferenci-kidvány, ISBN 978-963-9639-36-2 11. ÜVEGES V., ANDIRKÓ V., ÁCS A., BÍRÓ R., DRÁVECZ E., HAJNAL E., HAVASI M., HUBAI K. E., KACSALA I., KOVÁCS K., KOVÁTS N., KUCSERKA T., LENGYEL E., MATULKA A. SELMECZY G. B., STENGER- KOVÁCS CS., SZABÓ B., TEKE G., VASS M., PADISÁK J. (2011) A vörösiszp ktsztróf htás Torn-ptk és Mrcl élővilágár, regeneráció első időszk. Economic, 12: 95-139. Cumultive impct fctor: IF=3.655 22
Books, disserttions 1. HAVASI M. (2008) A Bosmin longirostris dinmikáj és táplálékhálóztn etöltött szerepe Mjor-tón., Diplomdolgozt, Pnnon Egyetem, Mérnöki Kr 2. HAVASI M. (2010) Hrcs (Silurus glnis L.) intenzív nevelése tápon, hlkiegészítéssel. Diplomdolgozt, Kposvári Egyetem, Állttudományi Kr 3. HAVASI M. (2010) A hlk szporodás természeten. In: Ördög V.(szerk.) Hltenyésztés, elektronikus BSc jegyzet, pp. 33-38. Other scientific presenttions 1. HAVASI M., TÁTRAI I., KORPONAI J., KUCSERKA T. (2006) A domináns Cldocer plnkton méret- és termékenységváltozás Kis-Blton tározó I. ütemén. XLVIII. Hidroiológus Npok, Tihny, poszter szekció 2. GYÖRGY Á.I., HAVASI M., BOROS G. (2007) A hlászti hozm (CPUE) változás 2005-2007 évek során Mjor-tón. XLIX. Hidroiológus Npok, Tihny, poszter szekció 3. HAVASI M., TÁTRAI I., KORPONAI J., KUCSERKA T. (2007) A Bosmin longirostris méret- és termékenységváltozás Mjor-tón. XVIX. Hidroiológus Npok, Tihny, poszter szekció 4. HAVASI M. (2007) A Bosmin longirostris méret- és termékenység változás Mjor-tón. ITDK, Veszprém, dicséret, továjutás 5. GYÖRGY Á. I., TÁTRAI I., BOROS G., KORPONAI J., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2008) Chnges in fish community structure in n lternting shllow lke. Deutschen Gesellschft für Limnologie (DGL)/ Interntionl Assocition of Theoreticl nd Applied Limnology (Societs Interntionlis Limnologie, SIL), Konstnz, Germny, Németország 6. GYÖRGY Á. I., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2008) A hlállomány összetételének (CPUE) és mennyiségének változás Kis-Blton Vízvédelmi Rendszer kísérleti tván. L. Hidroiológus Npok, Tihny, poszter szekció 7. GYÖRGY Á. I., TÁTRAI I., BOROS G. KORPONAI J., HAVASI M., KUCSERKA T. (2008) Chnges in fish community structure in n 23
lternting shllow lke. Shllow Lkes Conference, Punt del Este, Uruguy, poszter 8. HAVASI M. (2008) A Bosmin longirostris dinmikáj és táplálékhálóztn vló szerepe Mjor-tón. Környezettudományi Hllgtói Kuttások, Veszprém 9. HAVASI M. (2008) A Bosmin longirostris dinmikáj és táplálékhálóztn vló szerepe Mjor-tón. XI. Országos Felsőokttási Környezettudományi Diákkonferenci, Nyíregyház, vízi ökológi szekció, II. helyezés 10. Hvsi M. (2009) A Bosmin longirostris méret- és termékenység változás Mjor-tón. XXIX. OTDK, Veszprém, hidroiológi szekció 11. HAVASI M. (2010) A Blton őszi-téli mdárvilág. Blton Szkkollégium, Pnnon Egyetem, Keszthely, 2010. 12. 06. 12. FELFÖLDI Z., ARDÓ L., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S. (2011) Immunstimulátorok vizsgált cspó sügéren (Perc fluvitilis). XVII. Ifjúsági Tudományos Fórum, Keszthely, 2011. április 21. 13. FELFÖLDI Z., ARDÓ L., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S. (2011) Gyógynövény lpú immunstimulátorok hsznált intenzív hlnevelésen. XXXV. Hlászti Tudományos Tnácskozás, Szrvs, 2011. május 25-26. 14. HAVASI M. (2012) Exmples of non-ntive qutic species found in Lke Blton. Lerning for Lkes workshop, Vlenci, Spnyolország, 2012. 02. 28. 15. NAGY SZ., KAKASI B., HAVASI M., NÉMETH S., PÁL L., BERCSÉNYI M., HUSVÉTH F. (2013) Dynmic cellulr chnges during fish sperm ctivtion s mesured y flow cytometry. Diversifiction in Inlnd Finfish Aquculture II., Vodňny, Cseh Köztársság, 2013. 09. 24. 24