RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA, LATUR (Autonomous) Revised Syllabus for the M. A. (Semester I & II) Programme :- M.A. Course : Political Science (Revised Syllabus with effect from June 2018)
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - I Course Code : P-POT-155 Course Title : Political Theory (Paper - I) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) To help to the students to know the concept, meaning, nature and scope of Political Theory. 2) To develop the approaches to the study of political theory among the students of Political Science. 3) To help to the students to understand the key concepts in Political Theory. 4) To help to the students to know various theories of democracy. 5) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC, MPSE etc. 6) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to analyze the concept of political theory and scope of political theory. 2) Students will be able to explain different approaches to the study of political theory. 3) Students will elaborate political concepts like justice, social justice, liberty, equality and rights. 4) Students will be apply the knowledge of liberal, radical, participatory democracy. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : Political Theory a) Definition b) Meaning c) Nature d) Scope of Political Theory. Approaches to the study of political theory. a) Liberal b) Marxist c) Feminist. Key Concepts a) Justice b) Social Justice c) Liberty d) Equality
Module 4 : e) Rights. Theories of Democracy 1. Liberal 2. Radical 3. Participatory. Readings : 1. Bhargava Rajeev and Ashok Acharya (eds.), 2008/2011, Political Theory/ Rajakiya Siddhanta (Marathi translation), Delhi, Pearson 2. Goodin Robert and Philip Petit (eds.), 1993, A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, London, Blackwell. 3. Hampton Jean, 1998, Political Philosophy, New Delhi, Oxford University Press. 4. Hoffman John and Graham Paul, 2006, Introduction to Political Theory, New Delhi, Pearson Education Ltd. 5. Kulkarni Mangesh (ed.), 2011, Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Political Theory, New Delhi/Thousand Oaks, Sage 6. Kymlicka Will, 2002, Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 7. Knowles Dudley, 2001, Political Philosophy, London, Routledge 8. Pierson Christopher, 2004, The Modern State, London, Routledge. 9. Rege M. P., 2005, Swatantrya, Samata ani Nyaya, Mumbai, Shanta Rege. 10. Swift Adam, 2001, Political Philosophy, Cambridge, Polity. 11. Bholay Bhaskar, Rajakiya Siddhanta Ani Vishleshan, (Marathi) Nagpur, Pimplapure. 12. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - üö Ö Öß ŸÖ ÃÖ üöóÿö Ûúß ¹ý Ö êüüöö - ÖµÖã ü Öê Ö ü²öîœãö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 13. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - üö Ö Öß ŸÖ Ø ÖŸÖ Ö Ûúß ¹ý Ö êüüöö - ÖµÖã ü Öê Ö ü²öïœãö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 14. üöò. Öî Ö ÖãÜÖ üö Ö, üöò.±úö üßµöö ²Öß.»Ö., Ö Öã ÖÛú üö Ö Ö ŸÖÛú ÃÖ üöóÿö. 15. ÖÏÖ. Ûãú»ÖÛúÞÖá ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü, üö ÖÛúßµÖ ÃÖ üöóÿö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü. 16. üöò. ³ÖÖêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ, üö ÖÛúßµÖ ÃÖ üöóÿö, Ø Ö ÖôûÖ Öã êü òþ ü ÛÓú. Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü, 2002.
17. üöò. ÖÖ Ö üö ü ÖÖ. ü., üöò.¾öûúß»ö.ûú., Ö Öã ÖÛú üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö»ÖêÂÖÞÖ, Öã³Ö üö ÃÖÖ üã¾öÿö Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ ÖãÞÖê, 1984. 18. üöò. ³ÖÖêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ, üö ÖÛúßµÖ ÃÖ üöóÿö Ö ÞÖ ¾Ö»ÖêÂÖÞÖ, Ø Ö Öôû Öã êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü, Öã»Öî 1988. ***** Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - I Course Code : P-PNC-156 Course Title : Indian Constitution (Paper - II) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) To help to the students to understand the History, Philosophical base and origin of Indian Constitution. 2) To help to the students to understand the nature of Indian Constitution. 3) To help to the students to understand federalism in India and its features. 4) To help to the students to understand the concept of Constitutional amendment, its procedures. 5) The purpose of this course is to introduce to the students the basic information and analytical frame work for studying of Indian Constitution. 6) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC/ MPSC etc. 7) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to describe the history and making of Indian constitution with its philosophical base. 2) Students will be able to understand and speak about nature and features of Indian Constitution.
3) Students will discuss the nature of federalism in India and about important constitutional amendment processes. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : Module 4 : History and making of Indian Constitution. a) Philosophical base b) Origin of Indian Constitution Nature of Indian constitution. a) Preamble b) Objectives c) Characteristics Federalism in Indian constitution a) Features b) Center-state relation. Constitutional amendments a) Meaning b) Procedures c) Important amendments Readings : 1. Austin Granville, 1972, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, New Delhi, OUP 2. Austin Granville, 1999, Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience, New Delhi, OUP 10 3. Basu D.D., 1999, Introduction to the Constitution of India, Calcutta, Prentice Hall (latest edition) 4. Hasan Zoya, E. Shridharan and R. Sudarshan (eds.) 2002,India s Living Constitution, New Delhi, Permanent Black 5. Kapur Devesh and Pratap Bhanu Mehta (eds.), 2005, Public Institutions in India, New Delhi, OUP 6. Saez Lawrence, 2004, Federalism without a Center, New Delhi, Sage. 7. Sathe S.P., 2002, Judicial Activism, New Delhi, OUP 8. Sharma Brij Kishor, 2002, Introduction to the Constitution of India, New Delhi, Prentice Hal. 9. Ö.»Öõ ÖßÛúÖÓŸÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿö Ûúß üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, ÖòÛúÝÖÏÖê Æü»Ö µöãûêú Ö Ö ÖÏÖ.»Ö., Ö Ô ü»»öß. 10. ØÃÖÆü Ö ÖÖê Ö Ûãú ÖÖ ü, Öî µöã ÖÖê ÖÖê, ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ ¾ÖÓ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö, ¾Ö ÖÖ Ôü Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö Ö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 11. ²ÖÃÖã ãüýööô üöãö, ³ÖÖ üÿö ÛúÖ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö : Ûú Ö ü ÖµÖ,»ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ, ²Ö ü ü¾ö ÖÔ ¾ÖÖ Ö¾ÖÖ ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü, ÝÖã üýöö¾ö 2011. 12. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖÓÝÖ êüûú ü Ö.ÝÖ. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö µö Ö ü ÖÖ
13. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖ üß»ö ²Öß.²Öß. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ±ú üûêú ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, ÛúÖê»ÆüÖ Öæ ü 2006. 14. üöò.ûãú»öûúþöá ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 15. üöò.ãööê»öö Öæ êü üö Ö ÖêÜÖ ü, ÖÏÖ. Æêü Öê üß. Ö. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü. 16. üöò. ÖÖê üýöã»ö¾öö ü ³ÖãÂÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿöö Öê ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 17. üöò. ÖÖê Öß ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¾ÖªÖ ²ÖãŒÃÖ Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ Öî ÓüÝÖ Öæ üö, Öî ÓüÝÖÖ²ÖÖ ü. 18. üöò.³ööêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, Ø Ö Öôû Öã êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü. 19. Ûú µö Ö ÃÖã³ÖÖÂÖ - Ö Ö»Öß ÃÖÓÃÖ ü. 20. ŸÖãÛúÖ üö Ö ÖÖ Ö¾Ö, ÖÆêü Ö Ö üö Öæ üûú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ¾Ö ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúÖ üþö ³ÖÖÝÖ 1, 2, µöã ÖÛú òûòú ü Öß, ÖãÞÖê. *******
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - I Course Code : P-WPT-157 Course Title : Western Political Thinkers (Paper - III) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1. To familiarize the students with the major phases in the evolution of western political Thinking namely The Classical Tradition, Liberal Tradition. 2. To introduce Aristotle s contribution to the theory and methodology of Political Science, Mill towards liberal tradition. 3. To make the students familiar with the major theoretical issues in the discipline of Political Science as problematized by these thinkers. 4. To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC, MPSC etc. 5. To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to critically analyze and apply the basic principles of western scholars likes Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau, J.S. Mill, Laski. 2) Students will be able to understand the ideological contribution of western thinkers. Module 1 : Hobbes Module 2 : Locke Module 3 : Rousseau Module 4 : J. S. Mill Module 5 : Laski Readings 1. Adams Ian and R. W Dyson., 2004, Fifty Great Political Thinkers, London, Routledge 2. Bhole Bhaskar, 1995, Paschimatya Rajakiya Vicharvanta, Nagpur, Pimpalapure 3. Boucher David and Paul Kelly, 2003, Political Thinkers, Oxford, Oxford University Press. 4. Jones W. T. (series editor), 1959, Masters of Political Thought, (Vols.2 & 3), London, George Harrap & Co.
5. Nelson Brian, 2004, Western Political Thought, Pearson Education 6. Parekh Bhikhu and Thomas Pantham, Political Discourse: Explorations in Indian and Western Political Thought, 1987, New Delhi, Sage 7. Rege, M. P., 1974, Pashchatya Nitishastracha Itihas, Pune, Samaj Prabodhan Sanstha 8. Sabine G. H., 1971, A History of Political Theory, Calcutta, Oxford & I.B.H. 9. Bhole Bhaskar, 2002, Rajakiya Siddhanta ani Vishleshan, Nagpur, Pimpalapure. 10. Blakeley Georgina & Valerie Bryson (eds.), 2002, Contemporary Political Concepts, London, Pluto Press. 11. Goodwin Barbara, 2004, Using Political Ideas, Chichester, John Wiley & Sons 12. Hampton Jean, 1998, Political Philosophy, New Delhi, OUP 13. Hawkesworth Mary and Maurice Kogan (eds.), 1992, Encyclopaedia of Government and Politics (Vol. I), London, Routledge Knowles Dudley, 2001, Political Philosophy, London, Routledge. 14. Pierson Christopher, 2004, The Modern State, London, Routledge 15. Rege M. P., 2005, Swatantrya, Samata ani Nyaya, Mumbai, Shanta Rege 16. Swift Adam, 2001, Political Philosophy, Cambridge, Polity 17. Nelson Brian R,2006, Western Political Thought, Second Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi. 18. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - üö Ö Öß ŸÖ- ¾Ö ÖÖ üûú ¾Ö ¾ÖÛúÖê Ö, ÖµÖæ ü Öê Ö ü²öîœãö, ÖÖî üö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 19. üöò. ³ÖÖêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ - ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö. 20. üöò. ÝÖ¾ÆüÖÞÖê ÖÆüÖ êü¾ö - ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö. 21. ÖÏÖ.²ÖÖê üöôûûú ü Ûéú. ü. - ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö. 22. ÖÏÖ.ÛúÖÞÖê Ö. ÃÖ. - ÖÏ ÖãÜÖ ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ üûú, Ø Ö ÖôûÖ Öæ êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü 1998. 23. üöò. ¾ÖÖ üûú ü ÖϳÖÖ - ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ Ö ÞÖ ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü 2011. 24. ÖÏÖ. ÖãšüÖôû üö Ö - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö Ö ÞÖ ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü, Ó Öã»Ö Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü. *******
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - I Course Code : P-EPI-158 Course Title : Election Process in India (Paper - IV) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) To help to the students to understand composition, Powers & functions of election commission of India. 2) To help to the students to understand composition, Powers & functions of state election commissions in India. 3) To help to the students to understand the electoral reforms made in the past and challenges before the election commission in India. 4) To help to the students to understand the concept of election management, different types of elections, steps in conducting elections and ballot and EVM methods. 5) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC, MPSC etc. 6) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to understand the composition and functions of Election Commission of India and other state election commissions.
2) Students will be able to learn about election process and election related issues in India. 3) Students will be able to learn election management and electoral politics in India. 4) Students will suggest the solutions for the Challenges before election commission in India. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : Module 4 : Election Commission of India a) Composition b) Powers & functions c) State Election commission d) Composition, Powers & functions Electoral Reforms and Challenges a) Electoral Reforms b) Ballot and EVM c) Challenges before Election Commission Election Management a) Types of Elections b) Conducting Elections Steps c) Voting behavior Electoral Politics in India a) One Party Dominance to Multiparty System. b) Caste and Politics Upper Castes, Dalits and OBC s. c) Politics of Language and Regionalism. Readings: 1. Austin Granville, 1972, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, New Delhi, OUP 2. Austin Granville, 1999, Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience, New Delhi, OUP 10 3. Basu D.D., 1999, Introduction to the Constitution of India, Calcutta, Prentice Hall (latest edition) 4. Hasan Zoya, E. Shridharan and R. Sudarshan (eds.) 2002,India s Living Constitution, New Delhi, Permanent Black 5. Kapur Devesh and Pratap Bhanu Mehta (eds.), 2005, Public Institutions in India, New Delhi, OUP 6. Saez Lawrence, 2004, Federalism without a Center, New Delhi, Sage. 7. Sathe S.P., 2002, Judicial Activism, New Delhi, OUP 8. Sharma Brij Kishor, 2002, Introduction to the Constitution of India, New Delhi, Prentice Hal. 9. V S Rama Devi, S K Mendiratta - How India Votes - Election Laws, Practice and Procedure Hardcover 24 Oct 2016 10. Ö.»Öõ ÖßÛúÖÓŸÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿö Ûúß üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, ÖòÛúÝÖÏÖê Æü»Ö µöãûêú Ö Ö ÖÏÖ.»Ö., Ö Ô ü»»öß.
11. ØÃÖÆü Ö ÖÖê Ö Ûãú ÖÖ ü, Öî µöã ÖÖê ÖÖê, ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ ¾ÖÓ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö, ¾Ö ÖÖ Ôü Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö Ö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 12. ²ÖÃÖã ãüýööô üöãö, ³ÖÖ üÿö ÛúÖ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö : Ûú Ö ü ÖµÖ,»ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ, ²Ö ü ü¾ö ÖÔ ¾ÖÖ Ö¾ÖÖ ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü, ÝÖã üýöö¾ö 2011. 13. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖÓÝÖ êüûú ü Ö.ÝÖ. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö µö Ö ü ÖÖ 14. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖ üß»ö ²Öß.²Öß. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ±ú üûêú ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, ÛúÖê»ÆüÖ Öæ ü 2006. 15. üöò.ûãú»öûúþöá ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 16. üöò.ãööê»öö Öæ êü üö Ö ÖêÜÖ ü, ÖÏÖ. Æêü Öê üß. Ö. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü. 17. üöò. ÖÖê üýöã»ö¾öö ü ³ÖãÂÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿöö Öê ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 18. üöò. ÖÖê Öß ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¾ÖªÖ ²ÖãŒÃÖ Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ Öî ÓüÝÖ Öæ üö, Öî ÓüÝÖÖ²ÖÖ ü. 19. üöò.³ööêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, Ø Ö Öôû Öã êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü. 20. Ûú µö Ö ÃÖã³ÖÖÂÖ - Ö Ö»Öß ÃÖÓÃÖ ü. 21. ŸÖãÛúÖ üö Ö ÖÖ Ö¾Ö, ÖÆêü Ö Ö üö Öæ üûú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ¾Ö ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúÖ üþö ³ÖÖÝÖ 1, 2, µöã ÖÛú òûòú ü Öß, ÖãÞÖê. ******
RAJARSHI SHAHU MAHAVIDYALAYA (Autonomous), LATUR Political Science M.A. Second Year Semester - III Course Course Title : Public Policy - IV Credit : Lectures : Marks : Objectives : i) To help students to understand the concept nature, scope, types and significance of public policy. ii) To provide students with the concepts and tools used in evaluating policy options and outcomes and to prepare students for entry-level positions in organizations concerned with such analysis. iii) To make students aware about important policy, concerns related to education, health, environment, agriculture, employment etc. in India. iv) To help students to understand the processes of implementation and evaluation of public policy at government level. Outcomes : After successful completion of this course, i) Students will be skilled in policy analysis. ii) Students will be able to understand the factors that influence the direction of government actions or decisions. iii) Students will be able to apply skills and knowledge acquired in the curriculum to analyze policy issues and make policy recommendations. iv) Students will be able to communicate Complex ideas clearly and persuasively in written and oral forms regarding India s public policy in education, health, environment, agriculture and employment etc. v) The student will be familiar with the social forces that affects the creation of public policies. Unit : 1 Public policy 1.1) Concept 1.2) Nature, Scope 1.3) Types and Significance Unit : 2 Public policy making 2.1) Procedure 2.2) Agenda 2.3) Policy formulation 2.4) Adoption 2.5) Institution and Actors Unit : 3 Public policy implementation 3.1) Implementation and Evaluation Unit : 4 Public policies in India 4.1) Education policy
4.2) Pollution 4.3) Health 4.4) Environment 4.5) Agricultural & Employment Reading : 1. Anderson J. E., 2006, Public Policy - making: an Introduction, Boston, Houghton. 2. Brikland Thomas A., 2005, An Introduction to The Policy process: Theories, Concepts, And Models of Public Policy Making, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe, 2 nd Edition. 3. Dye Thomas, 2008, Understanding Public Policy, Singapore, Pearson Education. 4. GerstonLarry N., 2004, Public Policy Making: process and principles, Armonk, M. E. Sharpe. 5. Hill Michael, 2005, The Public Policy Process, Harlow, Uk, Pearson Education, 5 th Edition. 6. Parsons Wayne, 1995, Public Policy: An Introduction to the Theory of Policy nalysis, Aldershot, U. K., Edward Elgar. 7. Rathod P. B., 2005, Framework of Public Policy: The Discipline and its Dimensions, New Delhi, Commonwealth. 8. Stone Deborh, 2001, The Policy Paradox, N. Y., Norton. 9. Dreze jean and Amartya Sen, 2002, India: Development and Participation, New Delhi, Oxford University Press. 10. Dr. Prakash Pawar, 2010, Sarvajanik Dhoran - Sankalpana, Sidhant ani Bhartiy Sarvajanik Dhoranacha Adhawa, Pratima Prakashan Pune (Marathi) ******
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - II Course Code : P-ENR-255 Course Title : International Relations (Paper - V) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) Apply the knowledge base from many disciplines to the study of the international Relations; 2) Demonstrate an awareness of international career and study opportunities in government, business, education, and in organizations servicing international concerns. 3) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC, MPSE etc. 4) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to understand the meaning, nature and scope of the International Relations. 2) Students will be able to explain the approaches to the study of International Relations like realistic, Decision making, game theory, etc. 3) Students will be able to explain the concept of national power and collective security with its world references. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : International Relations a) Meaning b) Nature c) Scope Approaches to the study of International Relations. a) System b) Decision making c) Game theory. National power a) Concept of National power and soft power b) Elements of power
c) Limitations of power d) National interest Module 4 : Arms race Arms control & Disarmament a) Arms race b) Arms control c) Disarmament Readings : 1. R. Axelrod, The Evolution of Co-operation, New York, Basic Books, 1984. 2. D. A. Baldwin (ed.), Neo-realism and Neo-liberalism, New York, Columbia University Press, 1993. (ed.), Paradoxes of Power, New York, Basil Blackwell, 1989. 3. J. C. Bennett (ed.), Nuclear Weapons and the Conflict of Conscience, New York, Charles Scribner s Sons, 1962. 4. D.G. Brennan (ed.), Arms Control, Disarmament and National Security, New York, George Braziller, 1961. 5. C. Brown, International Relations Theory, London, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1975. 6. M de Bueno and D. Lalman, War and Reason: Domestic and International Imperatives, New Haven CT, Yale University Press, 1992. 7. H. Bull, The Control of the Arms Race, New York, Praeger, 1961. 8. The Anarchical Society: A Study of Order in World Politics, London, Macmillan, 1977. 9. E. H. Carr, The Twenty Year Crisis, London, Macmillan, 1939. 10. Conditions of Peace, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1944. I. Claude, Power and International Relations, New York, Random House, 1962. 11. K von Clausewitz, War, Politics and Power: Selections, Chicago, Henry Regnery Company, 1962. 12. W. D. Coplin, Introduction to International Politics, Chicago, Markham, 1971 13. K. Deutsch, The Analysis of International Relations, Englewood Cliffs NJ, Prentice Hall, 1967. 14. J. E. Dougherty, How to think about Arms Control and Disarmament, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1962 15. R.L. Pfaltzfraff, Jr., Contending Theories of International Relations, Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Co., 1970. 16. W. Epstein, Disarmament: 25 years of Effort, Toronto, Canadian Institute of International 17. Affairs, 1971. 18. The Last Chance: Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control, New York, The Free Press, 1976. 19. R. A. Falk, Law, Morality and War in the Contemporary World, New York, Frederick A Praegar, 1963 20. Legal Order in a Violent World, Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1968. 21. H. W. Forbes, The Strategy of Disarmament, Washington DC, Public Affairs Press, 1962. 22. J. Frankel, The Making of Foreign Policy, London, Oxford University Press, 1963. 23. Contemporary International Theory and the Behaviour of States, New York, Oxford 24. University Press, 1973.
25. J. Galtung, The True Worlds: A Transnational Perspective, New York, The Free Press, 1980. 26. F. I. Greenstein and N. W. Polsby, Theory of International Relations, Reading Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley, 1979. 27. S. H, Hoffman (ed.), Contemporary Theory in International Relations, Englewood Cliifs NJ. 28. Prentice Hall, 1960. 29. K.J. Holsti, Why Nations Realign, London, Allen and Unwin, 1982. 30. The Dividing Discipline, Boston, Allen and Unwin, 1985. 31. üöò. Öî»Öë ü êü¾öôûöþöûú ü - ÖÓ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö 32. üöò. ÖéŸÖÛúÖ ü ÖÏ ÖÖÓŸÖ - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ ÖÖ Öê ÃÖ üöóÿö, Ö ÖµÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, Öî ÓüÝÖÖ²ÖÖ ü 2014. 33. üöò. ³ÖÖêôêû ÖÖ.µÖ. - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö, ¾ÖªÖ ²ÖãŒÃÖ Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ, Öî ÓüÝÖ Öã üö, Öî ÓüÝÖÖ²ÖÖ ü 1998. 34. ÖÏÖ. Ûãú»ÖÛúÞÖá ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö»ÖÖŸÖæ ü 35. ÖÏÖ. ²ÖÖê üöôûûú ü Ûéú. üß. - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö 36. üöò. Öî»Öë ü êü¾öôûöþöûú ü - ÃÖ ÖÛúÖ»Öß Ö ÖÖÝÖ ŸÖÛú üö ÖÛúÖ üþö 37. üöò. ÃÖã Ö»Ö üöÿöê - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö ¾Ö üö ÖÛúÖ üþö 38. üöò. ÖÆüÖ Öæ üûú ü - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö 39. üöò. üöµö Öæ üûú ü - ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö 40. üöò.¾öö.³öö. ÖÖ üß»ö, ÖÓŸÖ ü üöâ ÒüßµÖ ÃÖÓ²ÖÓ Ö *****
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - II Course Code : P-IGP-256 Course Title : Indian Government & Politics (Paper - VI) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) To help to the students to understand the History, Philosophical base and origin of Indian Constitution. 2) To help to the students to understand the nature of Indian Constitution. 3) To help to the students to understand federalism in India and its features. 4) To help to the students to understand the concept of Constitutional amendment, its procedures. 5) The purpose of this course is to introduce to the students the basic information and analytical frame work for studying of Indian Constitution. 6) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC/ MPSC etc. 7) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) Students will be able to explain parliamentary system in India. 2) Student will be able to explain union and state executive and its nature. 3) Students will elaborate Indian judicial system.
4) Students will be able to understand party politics in India. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : Module 4 : Parliamentary Government System a) Union Legislature Loksabha and Rajyasabha. b) Law making power. Union Executive a) Constitutional provisions b) President c) Prime Minister d) Council of Ministers Indian Judiciary a) Features b) Composition and powers of Supreme Court and High Court c) Judicial Activism d) Judicial Review. Party Politics in India. a) Major National Political Parties b) Development of party system in India : INC, BJP, CPI, CPM, BSP, NCP, TMC c) Role of regional political parties in Indian politics. Readings : 1. Austin Granville, 1972, The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation, New Delhi, OUP 2. Austin Granville, 1999, Working a Democratic Constitution: The Indian Experience, New Delhi, OUP 10 3. Basu D.D., 1999, Introduction to the Constitution of India, Calcutta, Prentice Hall (latest edition) 4. Hasan Zoya, E. Shridharan and R. Sudarshan (eds.) 2002,India s Living Constitution, New Delhi, Permanent Black 5. Kapur Devesh and Pratap Bhanu Mehta (eds.), 2005, Public Institutions in India, New Delhi, OUP 6. Saez Lawrence, 2004, Federalism without a Center, New Delhi, Sage. 7. Sathe S.P., 2002, Judicial Activism, New Delhi, OUP 8. Sharma Brij Kishor, 2002, Introduction to the Constitution of India, New Delhi, Prentice Hal. 9. Ö.»Öõ ÖßÛúÖÓŸÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿö Ûúß üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, ÖòÛúÝÖÏÖê Æü»Ö µöãûêú Ö Ö ÖÏÖ.»Ö., Ö Ô ü»»öß. 10. ØÃÖÆü Ö ÖÖê Ö Ûãú ÖÖ ü, Öî µöã ÖÖê ÖÖê, ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ ¾ÖÓ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö, ¾Ö ÖÖ Ôü Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö Ö, Ö Ô ü»»öß.
11. ²ÖÃÖã ãüýööô üöãö, ³ÖÖ üÿö ÛúÖ ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö : Ûú Ö ü ÖµÖ,»ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ ÖêŒÃÖßÃÖ, ²Ö ü ü¾ö ÖÔ ¾ÖÖ Ö¾ÖÖ ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü, ÝÖã üýöö¾ö 2011. 12. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖÓÝÖ êüûú ü Ö.ÝÖ. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö µö Ö ü ÖÖ 13. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖ üß»ö ²Öß.²Öß. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ±ú üûêú ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, ÛúÖê»ÆüÖ Öæ ü 2006. 14. üöò.ûãú»öûúþöá ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 15. üöò.ãööê»öö Öæ êü üö Ö ÖêÜÖ ü, ÖÏÖ. Æêü Öê üß. Ö. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü. 16. üöò. ÖÖê üýöã»ö¾öö ü ³ÖãÂÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿöö Öê ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö. 17. üöò. ÖÖê Öß ÃÖã ÖÖÛú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÖÖÃÖ Ö Ö ÞÖ üö ÖÛúÖ üþö, ¾ÖªÖ ²ÖãŒÃÖ Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ Öî ÓüÝÖ Öæ üö, Öî ÓüÝÖÖ²ÖÖ ü. 18. üöò.³ööêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö¾µÖ¾Öà ÖÖ, Ø Ö Öôû Öã êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü. 19. Ûú µö Ö ÃÖã³ÖÖÂÖ - Ö Ö»Öß ÃÖÓÃÖ ü. 20. ŸÖãÛúÖ üö Ö ÖÖ Ö¾Ö, ÖÆêü Ö Ö üö Öæ üûú ü - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ¾Ö ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúÖ üþö ³ÖÖÝÖ 1, 2, µöã ÖÛú òûòú ü Öß, ÖãÞÖê. 21. üöò. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - ¾Ö Ö ÛúÖ ÖÖÃÖ Ö Öî ü ÃÖÓ ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö¾ÖÖ ü, ÖµÖæ ü Öê Ö ü²öîœãö, ÖÖî üö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. ******
Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - II Course Code : P-IPT-257 Course Title : Indian Political Thinkers (Paper - VII) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) To systematically explain the major strands in modern Indian Political Thinking as represented by Arovindo Ghosh, Lokmanya Tilak, M.K. Gandhi, Pandit Nehru, Jai Prakash Narayan. 2) To apprise students with the basic thought of these thinkers with reference to their perception of colonial rule, ideas of nationalism, critique of western civilization and ideas regarding reconstruction of society. 3) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC/MPSC etc. 4) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : By the end of this course, students should be able to : 1) Students will ellaborate the thoughts of Indian political thinkers. 2) Students will demonstrate knowledge of key thinkers and concepts. 3) Students will compare thinkers on similar concepts. 4) Students will use concepts to analyze new situations. 5) Students will explain the nature and value of thoughts of Indian political thinkers. Module 1 : Module 2 : Module 3 : Module 4 : Module 5 : Arovindo Ghosh Lokmanya Tilak M.K. Gandhi Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Jai Prakash Narayan Readings : 1. Appadorai A., 1987, Indian Political thinking in the 20th century, New Delhi, South Asian Publishers. 2. Lohia Rammanohar, 1976, Marx Gandhi and Socialism, Hyderabad, Scientific Socialist Educational Trust. 3. Mehta V. R., 1996, Indian Political Thought, New Delhi, Manohar 17
4. Mehta V. R., and Thomas Pantham (eds.), 2006, Political Ideas in Modern India: Thematic Explorations, New Delhi, Sage. 5. Pantham Thomas and Kenneth Deutsch (eds.), 1986, Political Thought in Modern India, New Delhi, Sage. 6. Parekh Bhikhu 1995, Gandhi s Political Philosophy, New Delhi, Ajanta International 7. Parekh Bhikhu and Thomas Pantham (eds.), 1987, Political Discourse: Explorations in Indian and Western Political Thought, New Delhi, Sage. 8. Rodrigues Valerian (ed.), 2002, The Essential Writings of B.R.Ambedkar, New Delhi, OUP 9. Mehta, V. R. (1992) The Pragmatic Vision: Kautilya and His Successor, in Foundations of Indian Political Thought. Delhi: Manohar, pp. 88-109. 10. Kangle, R. P. (1997) Arthashastra of Kautilya-Part-III: A Study. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, rpt. pp. 116-142. 11. üöò. ³ÖÖêôêû ³ÖÖÃÛú ü»öõ ÖÞÖ - Ö Öã ÖÛú ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü 12. üöò. üöêôêû ÖÖ.µÖ. - ÖÏ ÖãÜÖ ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö 13. üöò. ÖÖê üýöã»ö¾öö ü ³ÖæÂÖÞÖ - üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö. 14. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖê Ö êü ÛúÃÖ Ö - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö - ÝÖÖê Ö êü Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, Ö ü³öþöß 15. ÖÏÖ. Ûãú»ÖÛúÞÖá ²Öß.¾ÖÖµÖ. - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö 16. ÖÏÖ.ÛúÖÞÖê Ö. ÃÖ. - ÖÏ ÖãÜÖ ³ÖÖ üÿößµö ¾Ö ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ üûú, Ø Ö ÖôûÖ Öæ êü òþ ü ÛÓú Ö Öß Ö ²»Ö ÖÃÖÔ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü 1998. 17. üöò. ¾ÖÖ üûú ü ÖϳÖÖ - ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ Ö ÞÖ ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü¾öóÿö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü 2011. 18. ÖÏÖ. ÖãšüÖôû üö Ö - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö Ö ÞÖ ÖÖ Ö ÖÖŸµÖ üö ÖÛúßµÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ ü, Ó Öã»Ö Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ, ÖÖÝÖ Öæ ü. 19. üöò. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - ³ÖÖ üÿößµö üö Ö Öß ŸÖ ¾Ö ÖÖ üûú, ÖµÖæ ü Öê Ö ü²öîœãö, ÖÖî üö, Ö Ô ü»»öß. 20. üöò. Öê Ö ÖÏÛúÖ Ö ÝÖÖ²ÖÖ - üö Ö Öß ŸÖ- ¾Ö ÖÖ üûú ¾Ö ¾ÖÛúÖê Ö, ÖµÖæ ü Öê Ö ü²öîœãö, ÖÖî üö, Ö Ô ü»»öß.
******* Rajarshi Shahu College (Autonomous), Latur Political Science M. A. First Year Semester - II Course Code : P-HUR-258 Course Title : Human Rights (Paper - IX) Credit : 04 Marks : 100 OBJECTIVES : - 1) Promote respect and observance of human rights and democracy; 2) Promote respect and observance of the rule of law and due processes; 3) Create networks with public interest and human rights organisations, nongovernmental organizations, universities, relevant research institutions, religious associations and legal associations societies; 4) To enable the students to face the competitive examination like UPSC, MPSC etc. 5) To enable the students to face NET/ SET examination. Outcomes : 1) The programme provides the students with the capacity to identify issues and problems relating to the realization of human rights. 2) Students will able to contribute to the resolution of human rights issues and problems. 3) This paper also helps to develop investigative and analytical skills of the students.
4) Students will promote human rights of child, women, aged persons, youths through legal as well as illegal means. 5) Students will participate in legal political and other debates involving human rights in a knowledgeable and constructive way. Module I) Evolution of the Concept of Human Rights a) Journey from Magna Carta to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Magna carta; The united States Declaration of Independence; The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen; United States Bill of Rights; Geneva Convention of 1864; Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948. b) International Bill of Rights (Significance of Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights; and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights) Module 2 : Human Rights movements in India a) Peasants movement b) Woman s liberation movement Module 3 : Human Rights Protection a) Concept of Human Rights protection. b) Human Rights violation child, women, aged persons. Module 4 : Measures of Human Rights protection a) Constitutional Measures Commissions. b) Unconstitutional measures Media, NGO s, Etc. Readings : 1. Amartya Sen, The Idea Justice, New Delhi: Penguin Books, 2009. 2. Conor Greaty and Adam Tomkins (Eds).Understanding HumanRights, London: Manshell, 1996. 3. David Beetham, Politics and Human Rights, Oxford: Blackwell, 1995 4. Gurpreet Mahajan Ed., Democracy, Difference and Social Justice, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998. 5. James Nickel, Making Sense of Human Rights: Philosophical Reflections on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Berkeley:University of California Press, 1987. 6. John Rawls, Law of the People, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001. 7. Michael Freeden, Rights, Delhi: World View, 1998( Indian Reprint) 8. Michael Freeman, Human Rights: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Oxford: Polity, 2002. 9. R.J. Vincent, Human Rights and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. 10. Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously, London: Duckworth, 1978 11. SAHRDC, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, New Delhi: South Asian Human Rights Documentation Centre, 2002 12. Stephen Shute and Susan Herley (Eds), On Human Rights, New York: Basic Books, 1993 13. Waldron, Jeremy. Theories of Rights, Oxford; Oxford University Press, 1984
14. Will Kymlicka (Eds), Rights of Minority Cultures, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995 15. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2004: Cultural Liberty in Today s Diverse World, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2004. 16. Upendra Baxi,: The Future of Human Rights, New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 17. ÖŸÖã¾Öì üß»ö»ößÿö, ÖÖ Ö¾ÖÖ ÖÛúÖ ü ¾ÖÓ ÛúŸÖÔ¾µÖ, üÿöã Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ, ÖµÖ Öæ ü 2011. 18.»Ö Ö»Öê ¾Æü Ö, ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú ( ÖÏ Ö Ö ÞÖ ˆ Ö êü) Öò Ö Ö»Ö ²ÖãÛú Òüà ü Ó üµöö, 2002 Ö¾Öß ü»»öß. 19. üöò. üö Ö ÖêÜÖ ü ÃÖÖê»ÖÖ Öæ êü, ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú Ö ÞÖ ÃÖ ÖÖ Ö, ¹ýÞÖÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü 2014. 20. ÖÏÖ. ÖÖ üß»ö ¾Æüß.²Öß. - ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú, Ûêú ÃÖÖÝÖ ü Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ, ÖãÞÖê 2009. 21. ³ÖÖ Óü êü ÖÓ üûãú ÖÖ ü, ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú ¾Ö ÃÖ ÖÖ Ö, Ö üö»öß ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö, ÖãÞÖê 2009. 22. Ö¹ý üûú ü ü¾öë ü, ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú ÆüÞÖ Öê ÛúÖµÖ? - ÖãŒŸÖ ÓüÝÖ ÖÏÛúÖ Ö Ö,»ÖÖŸÖæ ü 2010. 23. ÖÃÖÖôû ÖÓ üûúöóÿö - ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú ¾Ö Ö²ÖÖ²Ö üö µöö - ¾Æü Ö Ö òûòú ü Öß ÖãÞÖê. 24. ÖÖê Öß Ã ÖŸÖÖ - ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú ¾Ö Ö²ÖÖ²Ö üö µöö, ÝÖÞÖ üö Ö Ö ²»ÖÛêú Ö ÃÖ, ÖãÞÖê. 25. ŸÖãÛúÖ üö Ö ÖÖ Ö¾Ö, ÖÆêü Ö Ö üö Öã üûú ü - ÖÖ Ö¾Öß ÆüŒÛú, µöã ÖÛú òûòú ü Öß ÖãÞÖê. ********