INTRODUCTION. The paleontological descriptions follow the systematics elaborated by LIPPS, J. H. (1966).

Átírás

1 Fragm. Min. et Pal Paleogene Planktonic Foraminiferal in Northeastern Hungary Zones Károly SZTRÁKOS Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Oil and Gas Trust, Budapest ABSTRACT: The planktonic foraminiferal faunas studied by the author parly from the surroundings of Budapest, and partly from the southern foreland of the Bükk Mountains (NE-Hungary). He had established, that the fauna of the Eocene strata appears with the Mediterranian region, and the fauna of the Oligocène strata with the Northeuropean region to be connection. The author based five new zones on Uppermost Eocene-Oligocène. He observed two new evolutional lines in this profiles (Turborotalia loverovskae - T.brevispira and T. munda, T. obesa is transitional). Among the 47 determined species and subspecies is described a new: Turborotalia munda franzenaui n. ssp. INTRODUCTION The planktonic foraminiferal faunas studied by the writer came from two different areas, i.e. partly from excavations and preliminary drillings for building activities in the surroundings of Budapest, and partly from hydrocarbon prospecting boreholes in the southern foreland of the Bükk Mountains (NE-Hungary). The plankton foraminifers from the profiles of five exposures, ten drillings and two deep boreholes around Budapest, and nine deep boreholes from the Bükk foreland have been determined. The localities are shown in Fig , 215 and 40 of the studied samples are of Upper Eocene-Lower Oligocène, Middle Oligocène and Upper Oligocène in age, respectively. The other samples yielded no remarkable planktonic fauna. The paleontological descriptions follow the systematics elaborated by LIPPS, J. H. (1966). The writer wishes to express his acknowledgement to Dr. BODA, J., JÓZSA, L. and Dr. KRIVÁN, P. for kindly putting the materials of the drillings around Budapest at his disposal. The writer is grateful to Prof. Dr. E. MARTINI who has determined nannoplankton material of some samples.

2 GEOLOGICAL SETTING OF THE AREAS STUDIED The oldest rock in the studied areas is the 420 m thick Middle Eocene marl and claymarl series with limestone and sandstone intercalations, cut in Borehole Cinkota-6. The fauna is poor, with Nummulites variolarius LAMARCK in the lower part (determination by KECSKEMÉTI T.). The upper part can be correlated with the Upper Lutetian of Budakeszi, on the basis of the occurrence of a globular Elphidium species (MAJZON 1966). The Upper Eocene is represented by marls and calcareous marl beds with limestone intercalations in some places. Its lower part belongs the Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta Zone and agrees stratigraphically with the Nummulites-, Discocyclina-, Lithothamnium-bearing Limestone of the Buda Mounts. The rock represented by Core No. 19. is the deep-water equivalent of the Bryozoan Marl of Buda. It is overlain by the beds of the Buda Marl. (Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone). Becouseofthe rare core sampling the Uppermost Priabonian and the basal Lower Oligocène is unknown. In Borehole Rózsadomb-8/3 the beds of the Eocene/Oligocene boundary could be studied. The characteristic banded structure of the Tard Beds occur as deep as 67,2 m (KRrvÁN P., oral communication) in the Upper Eocene Turboratalia increbescens Zone. (According to the opinion of the Oligocène Committee of the Hungarian Stratigraphical Comission the formation-definition of the Tard Clay differs from the original designation of MAJZON (1940). By this definition the Tard Beds refers to laminated, finely stratified clays and claymarls with common tuffitic and sandstone intercalations. This formations mainly suggests euxinic facies; however planktonic fossils, leaf im prints and fish remains are quite common. On the basis of this new definition based exclusively on pétrographie features I had to modified my earlier opinion: the entire Buda Marl member ranges into the Upper Eocene. The portion named as "Horizon of small Globigerinae" (SZTRÁKOS,1972) is equivalent to the lower part of the Tard Clay. (Earlier the boundary of the Buda Marl and the Tard Clay was laid out on the basis of the disappearance of the foraminifers.) The upper part of Borehole Rózsadomb-8/3, between 18, 2 and 38, 2 m yielded redeposited foraminifers from the Buda Marl and the Bryozoan Marl of Buda (Nummulites ssp., Discocyclina ssp., Turborotalia increbescens, Globigerina ampliapertura, etc.). The transportation of these fossils can be due to the infra-oligocène denudation. The Kiscell Clay is generally represented in the studied area. It is a mightly (400 to 1000 m) formation, with the increasing thicknesses towards Budapest. In the area between Budapest and the southern foreland of the Bükk Mts. the shallow water facies tends to thicken out in southern direction, i.e. towards the so-called "Paleogene Line", (the lower part of the Kiscell Clay contains more sanstone intercalations here, and the benthonic foraminifers suggest sublittoral - deep-sublittoral facies), while in the northern areas bathyal facies occur with rich planktonic foraminiferal fauna. In Late Rupeliantimes the shore-line shifted to the south, thus the deep-sublittoralfacies sediments were substitued by bathyal ones. There are some facts suggesting contemporaneous uplift in - 1. ábra. A terület ésafú- Fig. 1. Sketch map of the studied localities and boreholes. rások vázlatos térképe.

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4 the northern area (SZTRÁKOS 1974a). Thus the so-called "Paleogene Line" shore-line of the Eocene-Oligocène sea, rather than a tectonic feature. marks the In the lower part of the Egerian Stage rocks of Kiscell Clay-type appear. In the southern foreland of the Bükk Mountains a limestone facies with an Upper Oligocène foraminiferal fauna, corresponding to that of Escornebéou (BUTT, 1966) can be recognized. Upwards in the profile more and more shallow - water, finally terrestrial sediments appear. THE DIFFICULTIES OF PLANCTONIC FORAMINIFERAL ZONATION In the past years it became obvious that the placktonic foraminifers do not provide the "magic key" to solve unequivocally and accurately all our stratigraphie problems. The unit of the zonation is the biozone, and its boundaries are marked by appearance and extinction data. Consequently the validity of the zones is limited by the distribution of the index species appearing in these zones. The Hungarian profiles have yielded several species with precisely recognizable evolution lineages, appearance and extinction data. Comparing the appearance and extinction data of the Hungarian Upper Eocene species to those of the Italian ones, there are no significant differences, because of the similar paleoclimate of the two regions. Thus the first evolutionary appearance of the Globigerina ampliapertura, G. ouachitaensis gnaucki, Turborotalia brevispira, and the extinction data of the Turborotalia aff. centralis, T. cerroazulensis cocoaensis are in good agreement with the data given by BLOW (1969) and BAUMANN (1970). On the other hand, the species Globigerina tapuriensis appears at the Eocene / Oligocène boundary, according to BLOW (1969), while BERGGREN (1969b) and the present writer (SZTRÁKOS 1972) encocentered it in the Upper Eocene too. MARTINI, E. studied a sample (No. 63.) from the Buda Mounts, and in this material the species Globigerina tapuriensis was associated with Turborotalia increbescens, Globonomalina micra, Globigerina ampliapertura and G. ouachitaensis gnaucki. Additionally he determined the nannoplankton species Discoaster barbadiensis TAN SIN H OK and D. saipanensis BRAM- LETTE et RIEDEL in the sample, and on the basis of the latter forms this sample can be ranged into the upper part of the Priabonian (MARTINI, E., written communication). Consequently, the species Globigerina tapuriensis can be regarded as a form which appeared first in the northern, cooler areas, and later migrated towards tropical waters. The relatively fast migration can be due to the smaller climatic differences in the Eocene, as compared to those in the Oligocène. Fig. 2. Tabulation of the Hungarian Upper Paleogene formations, planktonic andnannoplanktonic zonations. 2. ábra. A magyarországi felső paleogén plankton és nannoplankton zónáinak táblázata.

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6 The five species (Turborotalia opima opima, T. obesa, Globigerina ouachitaensis ciperoensis, G. angulisuturalis and Globigerinoides primordius) appearing in the Oligocène of Hungary are illustrated in Fig. 3. The appearance data are based on the works of BLOW (1969), BOLLI (1956b, 1966), BERGGREN (1969b), CICHA et al. (1971) and on my own observations, taking the absolute age data of BERGGREN (1971) into consideration. Only the Oligocène/Miocene boundary has been lowered, because in the light of the data derived from Central Europe, the 22, 5 m.y. of BERGGREN seems to be a little exaggerated. It is clear from Fig. 3. that the earliest appearance data of the subspecies Globigerina ouachitaensis ciperoensis fall within tropical regions (the data of BLOW and BOLLI coincide), then appears in the Apennines somewhat later, and in Northern Europe in the lower part of the Rupelian, i.e. in the equivalent of P 20. The species migrated into Hungary from the North, because it appears even later. Globigerina angulisuturalis is a good index species in the tropical and Mediterranean regions: Its appearance agrees both in Italy and Trinidad. However, at that time in the Carpathian basin only transitional forms from Globigerina anguliofficinalis can be found. According to CICHA et al. (1971) the typical forms can be recognized only from the middle part of the Upper Oligocène onwards. In Northern Europe the transitions appear in the upper part of the Late Oligocène, and the typical forms are unknown from the Oligocène. The earliest appearance of the subspecies Turborotalia opima opima is in the Apenniras, it reached tropical regions within 1 m. y., but it needed 2 1/2 m. y. to migrate nto the Carpathian basin (where it appears only from the Rupelian/Egerian boundary onwards), and invaded Northern Europe as late as the middle Late Oligocène. These great differences can be explained by climatic barriers. According to BOLLI (1957b), the appearance of- Turborotalia obesa on Trinidad fall s within the Catapsydrax dissimilis Zone of the Miocene. In all Central European Inner-Carpathian basins the earliest typical specimens appear at the Rupelian/Egerian boundary (CICHA et al. 1971). BUTT (1966) recorded this species from the Upper Oligocène of the Aquitanian Basin. According to some authors, the Globigerinoides datum marks the Oliocene/Miocene boundary. On the other hand there are-some records suggesting the Late Oligocène existence of this genus (BUTT 1966, Aquitanian Basin; CICHA et al,1971, Inner-Carpathian basins). These latter authors recognized the first Globigerinoides forms at the basal Egerian, and the abundance of this genus in the Upper Egerian. The Hungarian basal Egerian also yielded some specimens. Similar differences result from the comparison of the planktonic zones with the nannoplankton horizons. MÜLLER (1970) found that on Trinidad the Globigerina ampliapertura and Globorotalia opima opima planktonic foraminiferal zones correspond to the Sphenolithuspredistentus and Sphenolithus distentus nannoplankton zones, respectively. The former nannoplankton zones correspond to the Lower and Upper Rupelian of Northern Europe, respectively. It is generally admitted and is supported also by the evolutional grade of the fauna,

7 my Trinidad /taj y Corpath.bas A/.Cerman Cl OBlGERfNDJÛES TOB SA X ANGUL /SUTURA L /S / Y / / N^ J6 Fig. 3. The postponement of appearance data fo the Oligocène planktonic Foraminifera. 3. ábra. Az oligocénben megjelenő plankton foraminiferák megjelenési adatainak eltolódása. that in Europe the Globigerina ampliapertura Zone represents the lower, and the Globorotalia opima opima Zone the upper part of the Upper Oligocène. But even at that time on Trinidad - owing to the higher evolution rate - the sediments of the Globigerina ciperoensis ciperoensis and perhaps the Globoratalia kugleri Zones were deposited. Consequently, the Globorotalia opima opima Zone, for example, in Trinidad and in Europe is asynchronous. It is obvious on the basis of the above mentioned facts that there are no species in the Central European Oligocène with synchronous appearance in the tropical and boreal regions. These differences evidently affect the planktonic zonation. The possible solution is that suggested by JENKINS (1973), i.e. according to the climatic belts, different zonation is needed for the tropical - Mediterranean, temperate and - extending the suggestions of JENKINS - to boreal regions. The study of the transitional areas of these regions could make the correlation of the different zonations possible. On the other hand the absolute age determinations of the planktonic foraminifer data cannot be neglected, because without that the biostratigraphy has no real foundation.

8 The zones discussed in this present paper have been estabilished on the basis of the afore mentioned principles. The sphere of applicability of these zones extends over the Carpathians, and possibly (but from the Uppermost Eocene up to the Middle Oligocène certainly) to North European areas too. The zones presented here are tentative.further precision is possible, because the transition of the Lower and Middle Oligocène,as well as the upper part of the Oligocène are free of planktonic foraminifers in Hungary. PLANCTONIC FORAMINIFER ZONATION Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta Zone Author: BOLLI, 1957a, pp Definition: Characterized by the continuous occurrence range of the species Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta (KREIZER). Remarks: The lower and upper boundary of the zone is unknown on the studied area.borehole Cinkota-6. yielded two samples (Nos. 24, 26.) which can be ranged into this zone on the basis of the occurrence of the species Globigerinatheca globosa (= G. tropica - lis BLOW et BANNER). The occurrence of Turborotalia cerroazulensis applanata also suggests the lower part of the Upper Eocene. The poor planktonic fauna of these two samples may be due to the unfavourable shallow-water facies. Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone Author: BOLLI, 1957a, p Definition: From the disappearance of Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta up to the extinction of Turborotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis. Remarks: On the basis of a sample (No. 19.) from Borehole Cinkota-6. and the poor fauna yielded by the upper part of the Bryozoan Marl of Buda, the presence of the zone in the vicinity of Budapest seems to be proved. In the fauna appears the subspecies Turborotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis very rarely, together with T. aff. centralis, T. increbescens, Subbotina eocaena eocaena, S. linaperta and Globigerina tripartita. The zonal index disappears at the boundary of the Bryozoan Marl of Buda and the Buda Marl (SZŐTS,1968, SZTRÁKOS, 1974b). Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone Author: BLOW and BANNER 1962, p. 68. (Designated as Globigerina turritilina turritilina Zone, here modified.) I Tabelle I. Correlation chart of the Upper Paleogene Zones. - I. táblázat. A felső paleogén zónák korrelációja.

9 SEMIINVOLUTA MEXTCANA i GLOBIGERAPSIS GLOBIGERAPSIS ex g 8 *< M M ci g S z > - s M m SEMIINVOLUTA G LOBIGER INA TH GLOBOROTALIA C ERR OA Z UTÍBN SI f NINA INFLATA CRIBROHANTKE- o B S Pd b tri ( g en 0 H3 S S e s pg 1 Ë H gai avisi i linaperta CASSIGERINEL LA CHIPOLEN- SIS - HASTI GER INA MICRA Glob.gortanii gortanii-grot. /T./ centralis GLOBIGERINA GORTANII GORTANII Ù 2 s H PO M I TURBOROTALIA INCREBESCENS Ou o D m o H- 1 1 Ps. m: Lcra Gs.it idex O Cl et Da ca ID Ö M h- 1 1 ft n to H*. G. SELLII GLOBIGERINA POSTCRETACEA c o o. H" Q) 1 S g 00 H- J *0 00 *? 0) to m 1 ai > ' 2 I JAPERTURA AMPLIAPERTURA GLOBIGERINA AMPLIAPERTURA ANGIPOROIDES n»- 1 GLOBIGERINA GLOBIGERINA 1 MUNDA O W f î 8 ho M 8 g S s> > Globorotalia TURBOROTALIA Acarinina- Truncorotaloides assemblage ciperoensifl- GLOBOROTALIA OPIMA OPIMA G. ang ulis ut lira lis-gr. opima opima OPIMA OPIMA Globigerina. GLOBOROTALIA CIEERQENSIS KUGLERI GLOB. CIPER. GLOBIGERINA ANGULISUTU RALIS? GLOBOROTALIA O Cl O M M H 0 a o ES a w 50 aj M O O Cl S S en w M M M 25 Ca en > i 2 to 9 i 1 U P P E R LOWER MIDDLE UPPER E 0 C E W E 0 L I G O C E N E 1 1 BOLLI TROPICAL REGIONS BLOW BAUMANN ITALY HUNGARY N. EUROPE en CS) 3 w g i tr <D H C» munda assemto OP ci o en ca c H-"d (- en M o M*o <t> H- D 1 3 a- 3 tn to o CT CÚJ 1 H Pd-Hio O to c H>ná et oq H. H- to (0 J) D) 3 H MPtoH- H- 1 i to en H? ci g p ~ E w w w 35 fc- Q > CO W 5 M Q d B P g g s M M 1969b BERGG

10 Definition: From the extinction of the Turborotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis up to the first Globigerina tapuriensis. Remarks: By its original designation this zone comprises the topmost Upper Eocene and the basal Oligocène. According to the modified definition of BLOW (1969) Globigerina gortanii gortanii/globorotalia /T./ centralis Zone) this zone includes only the topmost Eocene, because the Globigerina tapuriensis, a species characterizing the upper boundary of the new zone, appears in the designation area at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. The present modification is due to the fact that Crib rohan tkenina inflata (HOWE) which marks by BLOW and BANNER with its extinction the lower boundary of the zone, does not occur in Hungary. On the other hand the disappearance of the Turborotalia cerroazulensis group used by BAUMANN (1970) to replace Cribrohantkenina inflata, occurs - according to BLOW (1969) - after that of this latter species. On the other hand it is proved, that the Globigerina tapuriensis datum falls within the Eocene in Northern and Central Europe. The study of the temporary excavation site at the Hunyadi Stairs of Buda Castle Hill has revealed that Turborotalia aff. centralis appears in the lower part of the zone.common species in this zone are Subbotina linaperta, S. eocaena, Globigerina tripartita, Turborotalia increbescens. Transitional forms between Turborotalia increbescens and Globigerina ampliapertura, as well as typical G. ampliapertura also occur. In the uppermost part of the zone the typical form of Globigerina ouachitaensis gnaucki appears. The total thickness of the zone is unknown for lacking a complete profile so far. Turborotalia increbescens Zone Author: SZTRÁKOS, 1974c. Definition: From the first Globigerina tapuriensis up to the disappearance of the bulk of the Mediterranean species. Remarks: On the basis of the definition the upper boundary of the zone is difficult to draw. The mentioned Mediterranean species are Turborotalia increbescens, Subbotina eocaena group and Globigerina tripartita. On the basis of Borehole Rózsadomb-8/3. these forms, owing to their different ecological requirements, disappear at different parts of the profile. The most sensitive species is Turborotalia increbescens, a species of greater frequency in the lower part of the zone, with a gradual decrease upwards and disappearing at 7 m below the upper boundary of the zone. This zone yields the other species with great quantity, but some specimens regularly occur also in the lower part of the overlying, Globigerina postcretacea Zone. The frequency distribution of the species is variable along the profile. In the lowest part the dominant species are Subbotina eocaena, Globigerina tripartita and Turborotalia increbescens; these are followed by an assemblage with dominant Subbotina angiporoides and with associated S. eocaena, but in certain beds Turborotalia liverovskae and the Chiloguembelina species are also common. In the uppermost part of the zone the commonest and second-commonest forms are Globigerina angustiumbilicata andturborota-

11 lia liverovskae, respectively. The position ot the overlying transitional horizon is doubtful; here the dominant species is Globigerina officinalis. The thickness of the zone still remains unknown because of lacking a complete profile. Globigerina postcretacea Zone Author: SAMUEL and SALAJ, 1968, pp , modified. Definition: From the marked decrease of the Mediterranean species up to the appearance of Globigerina euapertura. o i & H- fd H- n ÛJ Species tripartita tapuriensis tripartita tripartita praebulloides gr. angustiumbilicata ouach. ouachitaensis ouachitaensis gnaucki officinalis senilis co o dissimilis dissimilis martini scandretti na aff.gortanii gortanii S'Y upjca-va primitive linaperta H-o* angiporoidea o eocaena eocaena -j^-jj^-^ocaena compacta o c opima nana $ liverovskae <j> brevispira a> increbescens Globorotaloides suteri Chiloguembelina cubensis Chiloguembelina gracilliaa -vj ru-<]-\j>j-\3->j-<]-\3>j-or\_>rv> ro ro ru ro-o roro~o^o-\] angustiumbi licata ass. EOCENE altion S^uckí assoc OLIGOCENE «fi disap pear, Table II. The planktonic Foraminifera zonation of borehole Rózsadomb-8/3 (Budapest). fúrás II. táblázat. A plankton foraminiferák eloszlása a budapesti Rózsadomb 8/3-as ban. Remarks: Owing to the afore mentioned causes, it is impossible to draw a more precise lower boundary for this zone. It cannot be defined with any first evolutionary appearance, because all of the new forms appear already in the Eocene. On the basis of Bore-

12 hole Rózsadomb-8/3, Globigerina ouachitaensis gnaucki is common from the lower part of the zone onwards, and relying upon this, the beginning of the zone can be defined. The thickness of this part is 8 m, and this is overlain by a horizon (thickness 2 to 3 m,) in which the species Turborotalia liverovskae, T. brevispira, Globigerina officinalis and G. praebulloides are common. The change can be due to deteriorated life conditions. The closing of this part of the basin led to the development of euxinic facies. This closing seems to have influenced more intensely the area of the Bükk Mountains, thus the firstmentioned gnaucki population is absent, and only the latter liverovskae - officinalis population does occur. The thickness of the foraminifer bearing part ranged into this zone is m in both areas. The upper part of the zone is unknown, because of the foraminifer extinction caused by facies change, but, according to the original definition and considering the data of BERGGREN (1969b), the upper limit would coincide with the Lower/Middle Oligocène boundary. In his recent work CAVELIER (1972) proved that the nannoplanktonic Ericsonia subdisticha Zone ranges still into the Upper Eocene. BAUMANN (1970) observed in Visso (Apennines) limestone intercalations in this zone with Discocyclina, Spiroclypeus and Fabiania, as well as a planktonic fauna equivalent to P 17 sensu BLOW. It is proved in North European regions that the beds ranged into the Ericsonia subdisticha NP Zone (as well as the stratotype of the Latdorfian) contain a warm-water fauna, while the fauna of the overlying beds is of cooler water. This climatic change can also be traced in the more continuous profile in Hungary, thus the boundary between the Turborotalia increbescens and Globigerina postcretacea Zones - just defined with this very climatic change - corresponds to the Eocene/Oligocène boundary. Turborotalia munda Zone Author: SZTRÁKOS, in this work Definition: From the first appearance of Globigerina euapertura up to the first Turborotalia obesa. Remarks: Only the upper part of this zone is known in Hungary, because the Tard Clay/ Kiscell Clay facies boundary falls within this zone. Globigerina euapertura and Turborotalia munda can be found even in the lowermost samples of the Kiscell Clay. Globigerina ouachitaensis ciperoensis appears in the lower quarter of the Kiscell Clay, later than both in tropical and North European regions. Togetftsr with Globigerina ouachitaensis ciperoensis appear the transitional forms of Turborotalia munda and T. obesa. Table III. Distribution of planktonic Foraminifera in the Upper Paleogene of NE-Hunga ry- in. táblázat. A plankton foraminiferák eloszlása az északkelet-magyarországi felsôpaleogénben.

13 Species ^ v. Biozones GtheCa semiinvoluta Turborotalia cocoaensis Cataps.gort. gortanii Turborotalia increbescens Globigerina postcretacea Turborotalia munda Turborotalia obesa Chiloguembelina cubensis Chiloguembelina gracilliraa cerroazulensis applanata cerroazulensis cocoaensis aff. centralis cupermicra 3 liverovskae «brevispira oobesa cjmunda munda Pmunda franzenaui n.ssp«aopima nana EHqpima opima increbescens ampliapertura angusti umbilicata cöangulioff ici na lis caff. angulisuturalis ^danvillensis euapertura u ouachitaensis gnaucki ^ouach. ouachitaensis tkoaff. ouachitaensis. H ouach. ciperoensis officinalis ^praebulloides leroyi praebulloides occlusa Hpraebull. praebulloides 0 senilis tripartita tapuriensis tripartita tripartita Globigerinatheca globosa Globigerinoides aff.primord:.us Globanoraalina evoluta Globanomalina raiera Cassigerinella chipolensis gortanii gortanii i,to gortanii praeturritilinf i «j u dissimilis dissimilis ^ martini scandretti u m unicava primitive Globorotaloldes suteri 1 angiporoides rg g eocaena eocaena S-H eocaena compacta 0 3 +» linaperta \\.... V» \._\_. Q si \ V>..

14 The most common forms are Turborotalia munda, Catapsydrax cf. dissimilis, Globigerina angustiumbilicata, G. euapertura, G. officinalis, the G. praebulloides group and G. senilis. In the topmost part of the zone Globigerina ouachitaensis gnaucki and G.ou. ciperoensis become common. The thickness of the zone (the upper part only!) in the southern foreland of the Bükk Mountains is 400 to 500 m, in the vicinity of Budapest about 1000 m. Turborotalia obesa Zone Author: SZTRÁKOS, in this work Definition: From the first Turborotalia obesa up to the first Globigerina angulisuturalis. Remarks: On the basis of Borehole Bogács-1. in 5 m above the first Turborotalia obesa appears also the first typical Turborotalia opima opima. The Globigerina ampliapertura, together with the G. euapertura disappears in the upper part of the profile, but this possibly can be due also to the facies change caused by emergence. In Northern Europe Globigerina euapertura and the typical G. ampliapertura diappears at the middle of the Chattian. The Globigerina anguliofficinalis - G. angulisuturalis transitions appear at the base of this zone. CICHA et al. (1971) mention that in the Steinitz-Ausspitz Series <Czechoslovakia) Globigerina angulisuturalis appears together with Turborotalia opima nana - T. opima opima transitions, and with Globigerina ouachitaensis ouachitaensis and Turborotalia obesa. On the basis of these facts the upper boundary of the zone falls within the Oligocène. At the base of the zone appears the earliest Globigerinoides, and Globigerina aff. ouachitaeniss, G. euapertura, the G. praebulloide s group and Turborotalia munda are common. In the upper part common forms are also Turborotalia opima opima and T. opima nana. The uppermost part of the zone is unknown in Hungary. In this area a general upfilt occured i.e. the upper part of the Egerian is represented by brackish-water to terrestrial sediments. The lower boundary of the zone coincides with the Rupelian/Egerian boundary. The thickness of the party yielded planctonic foraminifers is 70 to 100 m in the southers foreland of the Bükk Mountains.

15 EVOLUTION LINEAGES IN THE STUDIED PROFILES 1. Turborotalia liverovskae - T. brevispira evolution lineage Pl. III., figs 5a-llc. Turborotalia liverovskae is a small, two whorlded form. The last whorl consist usually of five, rarely six chambers. The last whorl slightly embraces the previous one. U m bilicus shallow. The aperture is a low extraumbilical slit, bordered by a slender, lath-like lip. The aperture reaches the periphery. In the Buda Marl, from the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone onwards this species gradually changes, i.e. the number of the chambers decreases to four, with the regression of the fifth chamber. This change is observable not only in the adult, but also in the juvenile stage. The reduction of the number of the chambers is followed by change in the growth rate of the chambers. In the species Turborotalia liverovskae the chambers grow rapidly and evenly. The growth of the chambers in the transitional forms has a similar pattern. On the other hand the last chamber of Turborotalia brevispira specimens yielded by the Kiscell Clay is more elongated as compared to that of the above mentioned forms. This change took place during the formation of the Tard Clay, therefore it cannot be studied in Hungary. The first transitional forms appear in the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone of the Buda Marl. The appearance of the typical Turborotalia brevispira can be assigned into the Turborotalia increbescens Zone. The specimens collected from the Kiscell Clay slightly differ from the holotype. 2. Turborotalia opima nana - T. opima opima evolution lineage Pl. V., figs. 3a-7c. The first to recognize evolutionary relationship between these two subspecies was BOL LI (1957b), the author of these subspecies. The complete evolution lineage was figured first by BERGGREN (1969b). The evolution in Hungary took place as it has been shown by BERGGREN. The T. opima opima appears at the base of the Egerian. earliest 3. Turborotalia munda - T. obesa evolution lineage PL IV., figs. 5a-8c. Turborotalia munda is a small, stocky form, with 4 to 5 chambers in its last whorl. The chambers of the last whorl are of nearly the same size, the sutures are slightly depressed. The aperture is a low, umbilical-extraumbilical arch, bordered by a narrow lip. It is recognizable from the lower quarter of the Kiscell Clay onwards, that the last chamber of the species tends slowly to be inflate, attaining a greater size than that of the typical Turborotalia munda. Simultaneously, the shallow umbulicus characterizing

16 arch cle the T. munda becomes deeper and narrower. In the profile upwards the apertural grows higher, reaching the state when the aperture of the penultimate chamber is arly visible through the last one. The earliest typical Turborotalia obesa appears at the Rupelian/Egerian boundary. 4. Turborotalia increbescens - Globigerina ampliapertura evolution lineage Pl. H., figs. la-6c. This evolution lineage was recognized and the transitional forms were figured first by BLOW and BANNER (1962). In Hungary the evolution is similar as that in Tanganyika. The first transitional forms are found in the Bryozoan Marl of Buda, just where the typical form appears (Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone). Transitional forms can also be found as high as the Turborotalia increbeacens Zone of the Buda Marl. 5. Globigerina tripartita tripartita - G. tripartita tapuriensis evolution lineage Pl. X., figs The evolutional connection of the two subspecies has been recognized by BLOW and BAN NER (1962). The change of the Globigerina tripartita tripartita follows the same way that by these authors. described In Hungary, the earliest typical Globigerina tripartita tapuriensis appears within the Buda Marl, marking the lower boundary of the Turborotalia increbescens Zone. 6. Globigerina ouachitaensis ouachitaensis - G. ouachitaensis gnaucki evolution lineage PI. Vm., figs. la-4c. This evolution lineage was recognized by BLOW and BANNER (Í962); the transitional forms were figured by BERGGREN (1969b). The transition in Hungary is similar to that in Northern Europe. The earliest typical forms appear in the upper part of the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone, the transitional forms can be found from the lower part of this zone up to the top of the Turborotalia increbescens Zone.

17 7. Globigerina ouachitaensis ouachitaensis - G. ouachitaensis ciperoensis evolution lineage Pl. X., figs. 3a-6c. This evolution lineage was recognized by BLOW and BANNER (1962). The transition was also recorded by BERGGREN in Northern Europe (1969b), and he figured some transitional forms, too. Transitional forms have been yielded by the upper three-quarters of the Kiscell Clay. The typical form appears in 20 m above the earliest transitional form, in Borehole Egerszalók Globigerina anguliofficinalis - G. angulisuturalis evolution lineage In the Hungarian Oligocène only the beginning of this evolution lineage can be studied. The initial form, which appears in the upper part of the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone of the Buda Marl is a small, stocky form, with five chambers in its last whorl. The forms collected from the Kiscell Clay already have a slightly deeper umbilicus, and the sutures are deeply depressed. The single specimen found in the basal Egerian is bigger as compared to the latters, its umbilicus is wider than that of the Rupelian forms, but the sutures still not so much depressed, compared with the typical Globigerina angulisuturalis. BERGGREN (1969b) originates this species from the Globigerina angustiumbilicata. the polyphyletic origin of this species possible? Is SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Superfamily: GLOBIGERINAC EA CARPENTER, PARKER et JONES 1862 Family: Chiloguembelinidae REISS 1963 Genus: Chiloguembelina LOEBLICH et TAPP AN 1956 Chiloguembelina cubensis (PALMER) Pl. I., figs. 4a-9b Giimbelina cubensis PALMER - fide: ELLIS, B. F., MESSINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera. This species persists in the whole Upper Eocene, and disappears a little below the Rupelian/Egerian boundary. Most common in the'turborotalia increbescens and Globigerina postcretacea Zones.

18 Chiloguembelina gracillima (ANDREAE) Pl. I., figs. l-3b Textilaria gracillima ANDREAE - fide: ELLIS, B. F., MESSINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera. This species can be found from the Turborotalia increbescens up totheupper part of the Turborotalia munda Zone of the Buda Marl. Most common in the Uppermost Eocene and in the Lower Oligocène. Family Globorotaliidae CUSHMAN 1927 Subfamily Globorotaliinae CUSHMAN 1927 Genus Turborotalia CUSHMAN et BERMUDEZ Turborotalia brevispira (SUBBOTINA) PI. HI., figs. 12a-c Globigerina brevispira SUBBOTINA - SUBBOTINA, PISHVANOVA, IVANOVA, p , Pl. IX., Figs. 4a-v. (non figs. 5a-6v.) Globe rina cf. danvillensis - KIESEL, LOTSCH, TRUMP ER Pl. II., figs The stratigraphie distribution of this species comprises the Turborotalia increbescens - Turborotalia obesa Zones. Turborotalia aff. centralis (BOLLI), non CUSHMAN et BERMUDEZ 1937 Pl. IV., figs. 9a-c. 1957a. Globorotalia centralis. BOLLI, p. 169, PI. 39., figs. la Globorotalia (Turborotalia) centralis - BLOW et BANNER, p. 117., Pl. XR., figs. K-M., PI. XVn., figs. B-g., text-figs. 12c-d. The specimen figured by BOLLI (1957a) differs from Goloborotalia centralis described by CUSHMAN and BERMUDEZ. TOUMARKINE and BOLLI proved (1970), that this latter form is a junior synonyme of Turborotalia cerroazulensis (COLE). The specimens figured by BOLLI (1957a) are more globular, more tightly coiled and their whorls compose more chambers than those of the species of CUSHMAN and BERMUDEZ. The Hungarian specimens slightly differ from the figure of BOLLI. These are presumably over-developed varieties, which existed before the extinction. Stratigraphie distribution: from the upper part of the Turborotalia cocoaensis to the basal Catapsydrax gortanii Zone. Zone up Turborotalia cerroazulensis applanata (HANTKEN) Globigerina applanata - HANTKEN, p. 29., Pl. U., figs. 7a-c. 1974c. Turborotalia applanata - SZTRÁKOS - p , Pl. 1. figs. 3a-5c. 46

19 semiinvoluta Zone of Bore Two poorly preserved specimens from the Globigerinatheca hole Cinkota-6. Turborotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis (CUSHMAN) PI. rv., figs. 10a-llc Globorotalia cocoaensis CUSHMAN - fide: ELLIS, B. F., MESSINA, A. R. : Catalogue of Foraminifera Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis - TOUMARKTNE and BOLLI, p. 144., PI. figs Mátyás Two poorly preserved specimen from the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone of the hegy Hill of Buda. Turborotalia increbescens (BANDY) PI. n., figs. la-c Globigerina increbescens - BANDY, p. 120.,PI. 23., figs. 3a-c. This species can be found from the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone up to the upper part of the Turborotalia increbescens Zone. Turborotalia liverovskae (BYKOVA) Pl. m., figs. la-5b Globigerina khadumica - BYKOVA, p. 322., PI. 7., figs Globigerinella (Globigerina) liverovskae - BYKOVA, P. 322., PI. 7., figs.3a-v Globorotalia denseconnexa SUBBOTINA - SUBBOTINA, PISHVANOVA, rvanova, p , PI. 13., figs. 3a-6v Globorotalia gemma - JENKINS, p , fig. 11., Nos This species ranges from the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone up to the top of the Turborotalia munda Zone, most common in the Turborotalia increbescens and Globigerina postcretacea Zones. Turborotalia munda munda (JENKINS) Pl. I., figs. 14a-16b Globorotalia munda - JENKTNS, p , fig. 14., Nos It ranges from the Turborotalia munda to the Turborotalia obesa Zone.

20 Turborotalia munda franzenaui n. subsp. PI. TV., figs. la-2c. Holotype: PI. rv., figs, la-c, Borehole Egerszalók-2a., m, deposited in the collection of the Paleontological Department of the Hungarian Museum of Natural History, depository number: M Material: One specimen (PI. rv., figs. 2a-c.) from the Castle Hill of Buda (Hunyadi J. Street, 150 m in front of the Royal Palace, one specimen from Borehole Egerszalók-2a, 354, 5-362,4 m. Depository numbers: M Stratum typicum: Lower part of the Kiscell Clay (Middle Oligocène). Derivatio nominis: In honour of the Hungarian micropaleontologist Ágoston FRANZE- NAU. Description of the holotype: Test free, medium-size, comprises two whorls, with five chambers in the last whorl. The chambers of the first whorl are hardly visible. The chambers of the last whorl increase slowly and evenly in size. The spire slightly raised above the plane of the last chambers. The inflate chambers are separated by deep sutures. The sutures are straight and radial on both the ventral and dorsal side. Umbilicus small, deep. Aperture is a high, interiomarginal opening from the umbilicus to the periphery, bordered in whole length by a broad, thick lip, with the broadest part in the center. Wall moderately coarsely perforate, surface finely hispid. Measurements of the holotype: Greatest diameter: 0,30 mm. Height: 0,20 mm. Remarks: The number of the chambers of the last whorl may differ between 5 and 6; the dorsal surface may be completely smooth. It differs from the subspecies Turborotalia munda munda (JENKINS) in its more inflate chambers, more loose coiling, deeper umbilicus and higher aperture having a thick, distinct lip. The number of chambers in this new subspecies is 5 to 6 (4 to 5 in T. munda munda). This new form differs from the young Globorotaloides suteri BOLLI specimens in the more inflate chambers, the slightly finer perforation and the higher apertural arch. This new subspecies originates presumably from the Turborotalia munda munda, i.e. the Kiscell Clay yielded specimens which resemble the T. munda and bear very high aperture, four chambers and loose coiling (PI. rv., figs. 3a-4b) Distribution: This form have been found very rarely in the lower part of the Kiscell Clay so far. Turborotalia munda Zone, Budapest, southern foreland of the Bükk Mountains. Turborotalia opima nana (BOLLI) Pl. V., figs, la-c, 3a-c. 1957b. Globorotalia opima nana - BOLLI, p. 118., PI. 28., figs. 3a-c. This form appears commonly whole in the profile, from the Turborotalia cocoaensis up to the Turborotalia obesa Zone.

21 Turborotalia opima opima (BOLLI) Pl. V., figs. 7a-c. 1957b. Globorotalia opima opima - BOLLI, p. 117., PI. 28., figs. la-2. From the basal Turborotalia obesa Zone; common in the upper part of the Zone. Turborotalia obesa (BOLLI) Pl. IV., figs. 8a-c. 1957b. Globorotalia obesa - BOLLI, p. 119., PI. 29., figs Common in the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Turborotalia permicra (BLOW et BANNER) Pl. I., figs. 17a-c Globorotalia (Turborotalia) permicra - BLOW and BANNER, p. 120., Pl. XR., figs. N-P. very rare; from the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone to the Turborotalia munda Zone. Family HANTKENINIDAE CUSHMAN Subfamily Hantkenininae CUSHMAN Genus Globanomalina HAQUE 1956 Globonomalina evoluta (SUBBOTINA) Pl. I., figs. 12a-b GlobigerineUa evoluta SUBBOTINA - SUBBOTINA, PISHVANOVA, IVANOVA, p , Pl. XI., figs. 8a-9b Pseudohastigerina sp. - SZTRÂKOS, p. 37., Pl. VI., figs. 35a-b. Very rare; from the Globigerina postcretacea Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globanomalina micra (COLE) Pl. I., figs. 10a-llb Nonion micra - COLE, Bull. Amer. Pal., vol. 14., No. 51., p. 22., PI. 5., fig. 12. Very rare; in the Upper Eocene. On the basis of the studied material this species occurs in the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii and in the Turborotalia increbescens Zones.

22 Globanomalina? sp. Glo- A single specimen from the Kiscell Plateau. It is possible that this specimen is a bigerinelloides, redeposited from the Cretaceous. Subfamily Cassigerinellinae BOLLI, LOEBLICH, TAPPAN 1957 Genus Cassigerinella POKORNY 1955 Cassigerinella chipolensis (CUSHMAN et Pl. IV., 12a-b. PONTON) Cassidulina chipolensis - CUSHMAN and PONTON, Florida Geol. Surv.Bull.,vol. 9., p. 98., PL 15., figs. 2a-c. Single specimens from both the Turborotalia munda and Turborotalia obesa Zones. Family C AT AP SYDR A C IDA E BOLLI, LOEBLICH, TAPPAN 1957 Genus Catapsydrax BOLLI, LOEBLICH, TAPPAN Catapsydrax dissimilis dissimilis (CUSHMAN et BERMUDEZ) Pl. VI., figs. 6a-7b Globigerina dissimilis - CUSHMAN and BERMUDEZ, Contr. Cushm. Lab. For. Res. vol. 13., Pt. 1., p. 25., PI. 3., figs It is a common form from the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone Turborotalia to the obesa Zone. Some specimen have a big, strongly inflated bulla. Catapsydrax aff. gortanii gortanii Pl. VI., figs. 2a-c. BORSETTI Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii - BORSETTI, p. 205., Pl. I/XHI., figs. la-d Globigerina turritilina turritilina - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl. XTH., figs D-G. Globigeri The studied specimens slightly differ from the holotype. Very rare from the na postcretacea Zone to the Turborotalia munda Zone.

23 Catapsydrax gortanii praeturritilina (BLOW et BANNER) Pl. VI., figs. la-c Globigerina turritilina praeturritilina - BLOW and BANNER, p. 99., PI. XIH., figs. A-C. Very rare in the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone. Catapsydrax martini scandretti (BLOW et BANNER) Pl. VI., 3a-4c Globigerinita martini scandretti - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl. XTV., figs. V-X. Very rarely but occurs in almost all samples from the upper Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Catapsydrax unicava primitiva (BLOW and BANNER) Pl. VI., figs. 5a-c Globigerinita unicava primitiva - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl. XIV., figs. J-L. Common form from the Turborotalia increbescens Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Genus Globorotaloides BOLLI 1957 Globorotaloides suteri BOLLI Pl. VR., figs. 5a-6c. 1957a-b Globorotaloides suteri - BOLLI, p. 116, 166., PI. 27., figs. 9-13b. 14a-c, PI. 37., figs. 10a-12. Common species from the Turborotalia increbescens Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Genus Subbotina BROT ZEN et POZARYSKA 1961 Subbotina angiporoides (HORNIBROOK) PI. DC., figs.'la-4b Globigerina angiporoides - HORNIBROOK, p. 835., figs, la-1, 2. This species occurs from the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone up to the Turborotalia obesa Zona, in great profusion in upper part of the latter.

24 Subbotina eocaena compacta (SUBBOTINA) Pl. VI., figs. 3a-c Globigerina pseudoeocaena SUBBOTINA var. compacta - SUBBOTINA, p , Pl. V., figs. 3a-4v Globigerina galavisi BERMUDEZ, p , PI. 4., fig 3. The autor agrees with BAUMANN (1970) as to the identity of the above mentioned two forms. This occurs in the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii to the Globigerinapostcretacea Zones. This species is confined rather to the Lower Oligocène, here the Subbotina eocaena eocaena is less common. Subbotina eocaena eocaena (GÜMBEL) Pl. VR., PI. la-2c Globigerina eocaena - GÜMBEL, p. 84., PI. 5., figs. 109a-b Globigerina pseudoeocaena SUBBOTINA var. pseudoeocaena - SUBBOTINA,p. 64., PI. 4., figs. 9a-c, PI. 5., figs, la-c, 6a-c Globigerina (Subbotina) eocaena - HAGN and LINDERBERG, p. 236., Pl. 1., figs, la-6., text-figs. 3. 4a-b Globigerina eocaena - SZTRÁKOS, p , PI. H., figs. 8a-c Globigerinita cryptomphala - SZTRÁKOS, p , Pl. V., figs. 26a-c. Common species in the Eocene, rarely occurs in the Lower Oligocène. The corpulenta and "gortanii" types are not separated here. From the Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta Zone up to Globigerina postcretacea Zone. Subbotina linaperta Pl. VR., figs. (FINLAY) 4a-c Globigerina linaperta F inlay - fide: ELLIS, B. F., MESSINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera Globigerina pseudovenezuelana - SZTRÁKOS, p , Pl. IV., figs. 20a-c. Common in the Eocene, rare in the Lower Oligocène. From the Globigerinatheca semiinvoluta Zone up to the Globigerina postcretacea Zone. Family GLOBIGERINIDAE CARPENTER, PARKER et JONES 1862 Genus Globigerina d'orbigny 1826 Globigerina ampliapertura BOLLI Pl. H, figs. 6a-c; Pl. X., fig b. Globigerina ampliapertura - BOLLI, p. 108., PI. 22., figs. 5a-7b (non figs. 4a-b.)

25 Rarely from the upper part of the Torborotalia cocoaensis Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. It extincted in the upper part of this latter zone. Globigerina anguliofficinalis BLOW Pl. IX., figs. 5a-6c Globigerina anguliofficinalis - BLOW, p. 379., PI. 11., figs Rarely from the upper Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone to the lower Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globigerina aff. angulisuturalis Pl. Vm., PI. 5a-b. BOLLI 1957b. Globigerina ciperoensis angulisuturalis - BOLLI, p. 109., PI. 22., figs. 1 la-c. A single specimen from the basal Turborotalia obesa Zone. It resembles the type in shape, but the sutures are still not so much depressed. Globigerina angustiumbillcata Pl. IX., figs. 7a-8b. BOLLI 1957a-b. Globigerina ciperoensis angustiumbilicata - BOLLI, p. 109., 164., PI. 22., figs. 12a-13c, PI. 36., figs. 6a-b. Common species from the upper part of the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globigerina danvillensis HOWE et WALLACE Globigerina danvillensis HOWE et WALLACE - fide: ELLIS, B.F., MESSINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera. Rarely in the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone the to Turborotalia increbescens Zone. Globigerina euapertura JENKINS PI. VR., figs. 8a-9b Globigerina euapertura - JENKINS, p. 351., Pl. 1., figs. 8a-c. Common in the Turborotalia munda to the Turborotalia obesa Zones.

26 Globigerina officinalis SUB BOTINA Pl. EX., figs. 9a-llc Globigerina officinalis - SUBBOTINA, p , PI. 11., figs. la-4v., 6a-7v. (non 3a-4 v) This species is common in the whole profile: Turborotalia cocoaensis to obesa Zones. Turborotalia Globigerina ouachitaensis ciperoensis BOLLI Pl. X., figs. 6a-c Globigerina ciperoensis - BOLLI, p. 1., text-figs Rare in the upper part of the Turborotalia munda Zone, more common in the topmost part of this zone, and in the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globigerina ouachitaensis gnaucki BLOW et BANNER Pl. VRI., figs. 4a-c Globigerina ouachitaensis gnaucki - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl. IX., figs. L-N. From the upper part of the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone up to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. In Budapest it is a common form in the Globigerina postcretacea Zone. Globigerina ouachitaensis ouachitaensis HOWE et WALLACE Pl. X., figs. la-c Globigerina ouachitaensis HOWE et WALLACE - fide: ELLIS, B. F., MESSINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera. Rarely from the Turborotalia cocaensis Zone to the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globigerina aff. ouachitaensis HOWE et WALLACE Pl. X., figs. 2a-c. This form is an ally of the Globigerina ouachitaensis, but it bears a low spire. The separation of this form is justified by its continuous occurence in the KisceU Clay and the high frequency in the Turborotalia obesa Zone. Globigerina praebulloides leroyi BLOW et BANNER PI. VRI., fig Globigerina praebulloides leroyi - BLOW and BANNER, p. 93., P l. I X., figs. R- T., text-fig. 9(v)

27 This form is common from the Turborotalia increbescens Zone onwards. Globigerina praebulloides occlusa BLOW et BANNER PI. vrn., fig Globigerina praebulloides occlusa - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl.IX.,figs. U-W., text-figs. 14(i-ii) Common from the Turborotalia increbescens Zone onwards. Globigerina praebulloides praeburoides BLOW PI. VRI., fig Globigerina praebulloides - BLOW, p. 180., PI. 8., Fig. 47a-c, PI. 9.,fig.48. This form occurs from the Globigerina semiinvoluta Zone onwards, the Catapsydrax gortanii gortanii Zone. and common from Globigerina senilis BANDY Pl. X., figs. 7a-c Globigerina ouachitaensis Howe et Wallace var. senilis - BANDY, p. 121., PI. 22., figs. 5a-c. Common from the upper part of the Turborotalia cocoaensis Zone onwards. Globigerina tripartita tapuriensis BLOW et BANNER PI. VRI., figs. 7a-b., Pl. IX., figs c Globigerina tripartita tapuriensis - BLOW and BANNER, p , PI. X.,figs. H-K. Rarely from the Turborotalia increbescens Zone onwards, Turborotalia obesa Zone. and disappears in the upper Globigerina tripartita tripartita KOCH PI. VRI., figs. 6a-b., Pl. X., fig Globigerina bulloides d'orbigny var. tripartita Koch, - fide: ELLIS, B. F.,MES SINA, A. R.: Catalogue of Foraminifera. This form is common in the Upper Eocene and very rare in the Oligocène. Turborotalia cocoaensis to Turborotalia munda Zones.

28 Genus Globigerinatheca BRÖNNIMANN 1952 Globigerinatheca globosa (HANTKEN) Globigerina globosa - HANTKEN, p. 11., PI. n., fig Globigerapsis tropicalis - BLOW and BANNER, p , Pl. XV., figs.d-f. 1974b. Globigerinatheca globosa - SZTRÁKOS, p , Pl. 2. figs. la-3c. Two poorly preserved specimen from the Globogerinatheca semiinvoluta Zone. Genus Globigerinoides CUSHMAN 1927 Globigerinoides aff. primordius BLOW et BANNER PI. Vn., figs. 7a-b Globigerinoides quadrilobatus primordius - BLOW and BANNER, p. 115., PI.EX. figs. Dd-Ff. text-figs. 14 (Hl-Vni) The single specimen is a transitional form between the Globigerina praebulloides occlusa and the Globigerinoides primordius. On the dorsal side, along the spiral suture of the last chamber, already a small secondary aperture can be recognized. The figured specimens, as well as the materials of the profiles of Budapest are in the Paleont. Departm. of the Hungarian Museum of Nat. History while the materials of the deep drillings are deposited in the Micropaleontological Collection of the Research Laboratory of the Hungarian Oil and Gas Trust (Budapest). SZTRÁKOS Károly: Paleogén plankton foraminifera zónák Magyarország északkeleti részén A szerző a budapesti és bükkalji felső paleogén szelvények plankton foraminiférái val foglalkozott. Megállapította, hogy az eocén kori rétegek plankton foraminifera faunája mediterrán (olaszországi), az oligocén rétegeké pedig boreális (északeurópai) kapcsolatot mutat. Mivel a fauna alapján az itteni zónák nem voltak az eddigi zónarendszerekkel azonosithatók, öt új zónát állitott fel a legfelső eocén-oligocénre vonatkozólag. Hét fejlődési vonalat lehetett követni a szelvényben, melyek közül kettőt a szerző figyelt meg először (Turborotalia liverovskae - T. brevispira és Turborotalia munda - T. obesa átmenet). A meghatározott 47 faj és alfaj között van egy új is, a Turborotalia munda franzenaui n. subspec.