BAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW (Irkutsk State Academy of Economics)

BAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS AND LAW (Irkutsk State Academy of Economics) M. A. VINOKUROV A. P. SUKHODOLOV ECONOMY OFIRKUTSK REGION Volume three IRKUTSK 2002

5AI/IKAJ"lbCKI/ll/l rocyflapctbehhbll/l YHUBEPCHTET 3K0H0MMKH H npaba (HpKyTCKaH rocyflapctbehhaa 3KOHOMnnecKaq akaaemnq) M. A. BMHOKYPOB A. n. cyxoflojiob 3K0H0MMKA 35 MPKYTCKOM 0EJ1ACTM TOM TpeTMM MPKYTCK 2002

Or/iaB/ieHne Content OT ABTOPOB 13 PREFACE Diana 26. MA/IOE npeflnpmhmmate/lbctbo Chapter26. The small business 06mne nojioxehmfl 15 General notions Pa3Bi/iTne Ma/ioro npeflnpuhumate/ibctba B Mupe 16 Development of small business in the world Ma/ioe npeflnpuhmmaie/ibctbo B POCCMM 18 Small business in Russia Ma/ioe npeflnpuhmmate^bctbo B l/lpkyrckoü ognactm 27 SSmail business in Irkutsk oblast OaKTopbi, cflepxubakdlune pasbmtne Manoro npeflnpuhumaiejibctba 30 Factors thatrestrain deveiopment rocyflapctbehhafl noaaepxka Ma/ioro npeflnphhmmate/ibctba 35 Sta te support of small business ripoß/iema oöecnehehmh 6e30nacH0CTM npeanpmhmmate/iepi 46 The problem of small business security TpaHcnopTHbift KOMruiexc Transportation System rnasa 27. OEUJME CBEflEHMfl Chapter27. General Information TpaHcnopTHbiM KOMrweKC B HPKYTCKOM oö/rac 49 Transportation system of Irkutsk oblast TpaHcnop-moe ocboemie pernoha 50 Transportation deveiopment of the region

6 OmaB/ieHMe reorpac{)m4eckne Geographica! factors npupoflhbie cjjaktopbi, cflepxwbaiomne pa3bmne TpaHcnopTa 57 Natural factors restraining transportation development KnaccMcfiMKaunn TpaHcnopTa 58 Classification oftransport Po/ib TpaHcnopTa B SKOHOMUKe 5 8 Role oftransport in economy Tpy30nepeB03KH 60 Cargo transportation ripmophtetbl pasbmtmr 62 Priorities of development TpaHcnopTHbie CBR3M 63 Transportation network ri/lothoctb flopoxhom CGTM 64 Road network density Fnaea 28. OMHAHCMPOBAHME M CTPOMTE/1 bctbo TPAHCCMEMPCKOM MAfflCTPAJlM Chapter 28. Financing and construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway OMHaHcupoBaHMe xe/ie3hoflopoxhoro ctponte/ibctba B AOpeBO/KOLlMOHHOM POCCMM 68 Financing of railway construction in pre-revolutionary Russia l/lflea CTponTe/ibCTBa Aoporn B Cn6npn 76 The idea of railway construction in Siberia flpoekthbie M M3biCKaTenbCKne paöotbi 77 Design and exploration work CTpoMTe/ibCTBO Man/iCTpa/in n xosawctbehhoe pa3ßntne TeppMTOpMH 8 1 Construction ofthe railway and economic development of the region ynactkm M atanbi CTponTe/ibCTBa 85 Construction sites and stages 55 0praHM3aunfl paöot Organization ofwork TpaHCon6 ceroflhfl Trans-Siberian Railway today gg gg Diana 29. )KE/lE3HOflOPO)KHbm TPAHCnOPT Chapter 29. Railway transport ripemmymectba M HeflocTaTKn xe/ie3hoflopoxhoro TpaHcnopTa 101 Advantages and disadvantages of railway transport

Or/iaBJieHne 7 Xe/ie3HOflopoxHbiPi TpaHcnopT B POCCMM M MpKyrcKOM oö/iactm 102 Railway transport in Russia and Irkutsk oblast BocTOHHO-CnÖMpcKafl xe/ie3hafl Aopora (BCXfl) 103 East-Siberian Railway(ESR) 5aMKa/io-AMypcKan MarncTpa^b (BAM) 109 Baikal-Amur Railway (BAR) Pa3BHTne xene3h0fl0p0xh0m cetm B l/lpkyrckow oönactn 116 Development of Irkutsk oblast railway flopora AöaKaH TafiiijeT 117 Abakan-Taishet railway BeTKM M OTBeTB/ieHnq OT MarncTpa/iePi 119 Railway branch-lines and side-lines riepcnektmbbi pa3bmtnq xe/ie3hoaopoxhom cetm Ha cesepe MpKyTCKOM o6/ia CTM 120 The prospects of railway network deveiopment in the North of Irkutsk oblast rjiaba 30. C03AAHME TPAHCKOHTMHEHTAJlbHblX MArMCTPAJlEÜ Ii MDKAyHAPOAHblX TPAH3MTHWX KOPMflOPOB Chapter 30. Construction of trans-continental railways and international transit corridors ripeflnocbuikm co3flahmq TpaHCKOHTHHeHTa/ibHbix MarncTpa^eM 123 Prerequisites for construction of trans-continental railways Pa3BMTne TpaH3MTHoro noiehunaxia POCCMM M Cn6npn 125 Development of transit potential of Russia and Siberia CoeAMHeHne TpaHCCMÖa c xe/ie3hoaopoxhom cetbio AnoHMM 128 Connection of Trans-Siberian Railway with the railway network of Japan Co3AaHMe TpaHCKopeMCKoro Kopuflopa 134 Creation of Trans-Korean corridor AribTepHaTHBa TpaHCCn6npcKOMy Kopuflopy 134 Alternative for Trans-Siberian corridor TpaHcnopTHbiM Kopuflop «Ceßep for» 136 Transportation corridor "North-South" CnÖMpcKO-A/iHCKMHCKafl TpaHCMarMCTpa/ib (Aopora M3 Cn6npn B AMepMKy) 136 Siberia-Alaska Railway (the way from Siberia to America) 3HaHeHMe TpaHCMarMCTpa/ieM An% POCCMM M MMPOBOTO cooßmectba 139 The rote of trans-railways for Russia and the world Community OMHaHCMpoBaHne 141 Financing

8 Omaß/ieHne rnaea 31. KPyrOBAMKA/lbCKAfl )KE/1E3HAS1 flopora Chapter 31. Krugobaikalskaya (Round Baikal) Railway McTOpua npoektupoßahm«n CTpoHTe/ibCTBa 143 The history of designing and construction reojiorn4eckne 0C06eHH0CTM TeppMTopww w MHxeHepHbie coopyxehufl 147 Geological features ofthe region and engineering constructions KEXfl 1 49 Krugobaikalskaya (Round Baikal) Railway today B03M0XHbie cuehapmh paabutwa KB>Kfl 154 The possible scenarios of Krugobaikalskaya (Round Baikal) Railway development riepboohepeflhbie TexHMHecKMe MeponpMflTMH 156 Primary technical activities OpraHM3aunoHHbie MeponpMfiTHfl 158 Organizational activities Diana 32. BOAHblÜ TPAHCflOPT Chapter 32. Water transport Oömne CBefleHMH 159 General in forma tion Pa3BMTne BOflHoro TpaHcnopTa B Cnönpn H B MpKyrcKOü ryöephum 160 Development of water transport in Siberia and Irkutsk oblast CyAocrpoeHMe 169 Shipbuilding PeHHaa cetb 171 River basin ripupoahbie ycnobmsa cyaoxoactba 173 Natural conditions for navigation fpy30nepeb03km 175 Cargo transportation CyAOxoACTßo B GacceüHe Anrapw Navigation in the Angara-river basin 17g CyAOxoACTßo B öaccewhe BawKa/ia -)82 Navigation in Lake Baikal basin CyAOxoACTßo B öacceühe JleHbi 1 g 7 Navigation in the Lena-riverbasin rpy30nepeb03kn Ha JleHe 197 Cargo transportation on the Lena-river CyA0X0ACTB0 Ha HwxHeü TynrycKe 201 Navigation in the Nizhnaya Tunguska-river basin

OmaB/ieHne 9 Diana 33. ABTOMOBMJlbHblfi TPAHCnOPT M ABTOflOPO)KHA5l CETb Chapter 33. Automobile transport and road network ripemviymectba n HeflocTaTKH 203 Advantages and disadvantages Pa3BHTne OTeMecTBeHHoro abtomoöm/iectpoehmh 204 Development ofrussian motor car construction rioabmxhom COCTaB 206 Vehicles rpy30nepeb03km n rpy30o6opot 207 Cargo transportation and turnover ripoektupobahme M CTpOMTe/ibCTBO abtoflopor 208 Design and construction ofroads Pa3BMTHe AOPOXHOM cetm B flopebo^kdumohhom CnÖMpM 210 Development of road network in pre-revolutionary Siberia Pa3BMTMe AOPOXHOM cetm B COBGTCKOe BpeMfl 214 Development of road network at the Soviet times npoönembi AopoxHoro CTpoMTenbCTBa B 1950-1980 rr 217 The problems of road construction in 1950-1980 CoBpeMeHHbie npoö/iembi AopoxHoro ctpontenbctba 218 Nowadays problems ofroad construction flopoxhaa cetb B WpKyrcKOM oö/iactm 219 Road network in Irkutsk oblast OCHOBHbie TpaKTbi l/lpkyrckoft oö/iacrn 224 The main highways in Irkutsk oblast riepcnektmbbi pasbmtmr AopoxHOM cetm HpKyTCKOM oö/tactm 226 The prospects ofroad network deveiopment in Irkutskoblast rnaea 34. BOSgyiilHblM TPAHCnOPT Chapter 34. Air transport npemmymectba M HeAOCTaTKM B03AywH0ro TpaHcnopTa 231 Advantages and disadvantages ofair transport Pa3BHTMe B03AyuJH0r0 TpaHcnopTa B MpKyrcKOM oönactm 232 Development ofair transport in Irkutsk oblast riepcnektmbbi pasbmtmr 237 The prospects of deveiopment npetxnocbvikui pa3bmtma M cobpemehhoe cocto^hne B03AyuJH0r0 TpaHcnopTa B MpKyTCKOM oö/iactm 241 Prerequisites for deveiopment and contemporary Situation ofair transport in Irkutskoblast

OmaB/ieHne BapwaHTbi pekohctpyku.nn 1/lpKyrcKoro aaponopta 244 The variants of Irkutskairport reconstruction ConyTCTBytouj,ne BMflbi B03flyuJH0r0 TpaHcnopTa 247 Other types ofair transport Diana 35. TPyBOnPOBOflHbM TPAHCnOPT Chapter 35. Pipeline transportation npehmyinectba H 251 Advantages and disadvantages 06mne CBeAeHMfl o TpyöonpoßOAHOM TpancnopTe 252 General information about pipeline transportation PasBMTwe Tpy60np0B0AH0r0 TpaHcnopTa B POCCHH M Cn6npn 256 Development of pipeline transportation in Russia and Siberia TpyßonpoBOAHbiM TpancnopT B MpKyrcKOki oö/iac 257 Pipeline transportation in Irkutsk oblast CTpoMTe/ibCTßo TpaH3MTHoro HecJrrenpOBOAa B KHTafi H CTpanbi ATP 261 Construction oftransitoil pipeline to China andasian Pacific countries TpaHcnopTMpoBKa KOBbiKTMHCKoro rasa 262 Transportation ofgas from the Kovykta deposit 06ecneneHne 6e30nacH0CTn paöotbi 267 Provision ofworksafety Diaßa 36. OBLUME CBEflEHMfl Chapter 36. General information SKO/lOniq M SKOHOMMKa Ecology and economy OÖLueMHpoBbie TeHAeHUHH 269 World tendencies YCTOMHMBOe pa3bhthe 270 Stable development CoBepiiieHCTBOBaHwe pe oha;ibho i 3K0/i0r0-3K0H0MHHecK0M no/imtmkh 271 Improvementof regional ecological and economic policy 3K0Ji0rnfl HpKyTCKoti oö/iactm B UHcjipax H cjjaktax 273 Ecology of Irkutsk oblast in figures and facts Ocoöo oxpahaembie npupoahbie TeppnTopnn 278 Reserved territories Diaßa 37. 3K0J10rMM M 3K0H0MMKA BAMKAJlbCKOrO PEFMOHA Chapter 37. Ecology and economy of Baikal region BaMKa/i yhmkajibhbifi npwpoahbim oßtekt MHpoBoro 3Ha4eHMq 282 Baikal - a unique natural phenomenon of universal importance

OmaB/ieHne 11 l/lsynehwe M xosamctsehhoe ocßoehne pernoha 295 Research M economic deveiopment of the region npeflnocbuikm npombilu/iehhoro ocboehm«bamka/ibckoro pernoha 301 Prerequisites for economic deveiopment of Baikal region PecypcHbiM notehuwa/i pemoha 305 Resource potential of the region l4ejuiiario3ho-6yma>khafl npombiumehhoctb öaccemha GawKana 308 Pulp and paper industry of Lake Baikal basin BawKajibCKHfi pernoh H OMHJIHHAMH 314 Baikal region and Finland 3KOJiorMHecKafl 06cTaH0BKa 319 Ecological Situation B/iuHHne rnap03hepretmkn Ha SKocucTeMy BaMKana 322 Influence ofhydropowerenergy industry on ecological system of Baikal HcTopuHecKaa n/iomaflka 324 Historical place BawKajibCKkM pernoh MMpoßaa MOAe/ibHan TeppuTopua yctomhmboro pasbmtma 325 Baikal region - a world model ofa territory ofstable deveiopment FenesMC noaxoflob K peujenmo ßaMKa/ibCKOfi npoß/iembi 328 Genesis ofapproaches to the Solution of Baikal problem Diana 38. BAMKAJIbCKASI npobjlema Chapter 38. Baikal problem HcTopun Bonpoca 331 The history of the problem OcHOBHbie noflxoflbi K peujehmio npoönembi BL4BK 335 Main approaches to the Solution of the problem of Baikal Pulp and Paper Plant(BPPP) llp0h3b0flctb0 cynepue/viio.no3bi 342 Production ofsuper-cellulose riepcnektmbbi ropoßa na BafiKa/ie 347 The prospects ofthe town on Baikal XßaTMT JIM fleher, HTOÖW sakpbitb BI4BK 354 Is there enough money to dose BPPP? IVIoaepHMsauMR np0m3b0flctba 358 Modernization ofthe production B/iMHHMe BUBK Ha akocmcteiviy oaepa 361 Influence ofbpppon the ecological system ofthe Lake

Or/iaB/ieHne T/iaBa 39. MPKVTCKOE npmbamkajlbe - TEPPMTOPMfl C OCOBbIM PEKMMOM npmp0a0n0jlb30bahi1fl Chapter 39. Irkutsk coast of Baikal - the territory of special regime ofnature management 3K0Ji0r0-3K0H0MHHecKafl xapaktepmctmka 367 Ecological and economic characteristics C/IKDflflHCKMM paüoh 371 Sludyanskyrayon TopHOfloöbiBaKDLUMfi KOMIUISKC C/iioflflHCKoro pamoha 376 Mineral resource complex of Sludyansky rayon OjlbXOHCKMM pawoh 379 Olkhonsky rayon HpKyTCKMM pawoh 383 Irkutsky rayon PeKpeauMOHHbie pecypcbi TeppnTopnn 384 Recreational resources of the region PeKpeauuoHHafl AeHTe/ibHocTb Recreation Diana 40. CAHATOPHO-KYPOPTHblM KOMn/lEKC Chapter 40. Resorts and sanatoriums Comia/ibHO-aKOHOMMHecKMe acnektbi 387 Social-economic aspects CaHaTopHO-KypcipTHbie pecypcbi 388 Resorts and sanatoriums KypopTbi M cahatopwm MpKyrcKoü oö/iactm 392 Resorts and sanatoriums of Irkutsk oblast B/iHxaMLuwe KypopTbi M nehe6h0-03fl0p0bmte/ibhbie MeeTHoeTH, pacno/ioxehhbie 3a npefle/iamm MpKyrcKOM oß/iactm, HO TaroTetomwe K new The nearest to Irkutsk oblast resorts located outside its territory floma OTflbixa Rest homes 40g BeflOMCTBeHHbie cahatopnm-npo<t)miaktopnm 417 Departmental sanatoriums Cn0pTMBH0-03fl0p0BMTe/ibHbie ziarepa M 6a3bi OTflbixa Ann 03A0p0B/ieHkiq yhai^mxcq 422 Students camps and recreation facilities CriMcoK JiMTepa-rypbi Literature 422