eq<ahetarkpriyapab s un can;dåb/ hiug c½nþfn

eq<ahetarkpriyapab RkmMuExμr kalna&baküfa {culmøb;} mnussercinetgetkitetadl;erog {Tu MTav} hak;duccayl;fa TMenomenH )t;bg;cayuryarmkehiy enasl;etsøaksñamtamgksrsarsþ. ebieyigsyretaetotfa ekculmøb;enahedim,igvi? ekercineteqøiyfa KWedIm,I(kUnRsIenaHeronviC aempþh mankardnþamsø/ edr):k;/ erobcmpþhsem,gcaedim. cemøiy enhrtuvetmuyrcugb:uenñah ebalkwkñúgkmnitfa etagnaktminyurminqab;nagenahnwgetacarbbn ek t,itman ecjbaküfa {empþh}. tambiteta eyignwgexijfaekμgrsiedlculbnþmúxøünkñúgbnþb;bitcitenahbmugaceronvic a empþhgvi)ntamggs; sum,iete)ssmgatpþhxøünégerkabibnþb;enahk¾efviminekitpg edayekhammin(ecj. kmufa eliydl;etakitkudnþamsø$efvikargargviepsg²etot ebimanefvigvibnþicbnþückñúgbnþb;enah KWRKan;EtkMdrku M(GpSúk xøamgebkb:uenñah. exijfacemøiybimunmkenahbmurtuvnwgkarbiteliy. myyvijetot karedlsμanfatmenomcul møb;enh)t;bg;casßabrehiy KWBMuEmndUecñaHeT ebiebalkñúgn½ytuetaetibfa)n t,itgiexijmanenatampumirsuk kñúgtmbn;enhtmbn;enahxøh²edr EdleKenARbtibtiþtamRbéBNIenAeLIyrhUtmkdl;sBVéf. tmbn;edltmenom enhenars;revik KWenARsukERsGMbil extþekahkug CaBiessenAXMuERsGMbil/ XMubwgRBav/ XMudgEBg / bnþab;mk enarsuk)fay extþkmbg;cam CaBiessXM utmnb;/ XM utamgrksamg / bnþab;mketot enarsuksurtnikm extþesomrab XMuekonsEgá EdlenAmaneKniymeFVIxøH RKan;EtminxøaMgkøadUctMbn;BIrmunenH. putgmbienheta niyaycarsuk enhrsukenah(c,as;bmuekit Etk¾Kg;eXIjmanRKYsarxøH²enAeFVIenAeLIy ray):yenatienhbnþictienahbnþic ebieyigbinitüetatmbn;edlenaeb:kxagecig duccakñúgextþ]tþrmanc½ynigrbhvihar. enhebalbisßanpab sbvéf. ebiebalbisßanpabedlmanmktl;rvagrbman40qñammunenh RsavRCaveTAeXIjfa fvit,itettmenom 33

05_Chandeb:Chankdeup 12/28/2007 10:54 AM Page 34 rubelx1 * EsndUntamunnwgcUlmøb; samixøünbak;gavs rubelx2 * dmnak;kalmyyénkarecjbimøb; samixøünenaxagsþamrub rubelx3 * cgédkñúgkic bba b;énkarecjbimøb; samixøünbanasmbt;s 1 s un can;dwb 2003 nig s un can;dwb 2006. 2 GaMg CUlan/ RBab can;m:ar:a/ s un can;dwb 2007. 34 culmøb;elgrbtibtiþcatuetaetotehiyk¾eday k¾kg; eyiggacebalfa mktl;eblenahenapumipakxag ecig ekenaniymerobcmefvixøhedr. karrsavrcavgmbi TMenomcUlmøb;nabc bú,nñmanrycmkehiyknøgmkfμ²i enh. karerobrab;lm ti manenakñúgsarnabba b;kar siksabir1. riékarbicarnaeliny½ énkice psg²kñgú BiFkI m¾ anefvbi nþabbienahmketot2. duecñh eyig min ykmkbibn naetoteliy. Edlnwgykmkniyay xøh²xagmux KWRKan;EtCakarrMlwkKMnitsMxan;²Edl mankñúgenahetb:uenñah. KMnti FMbg s; KWkarcUlmøbC; akar]bkicf a ekμgrsiedlculv½yebjrkmmuehiyenahmanbþi hak; duccaekkitfa Tal;EtmanbþkI gúñ n½y]bkicy a:gduecñh sinetibmanbþibitr)kdeta)n. kic RKb;Ebbya:g enaeblculmøb;nigecjbimøb;sut swgbgðajfakun RsICasamIBiFIenaHmanKU ehiymancas;tumdwg&. ena rubelx1/ 2nig3 samibfi CI amnussetmñak; riégñkekμg RsImñak;eTot EdlCaKUenaHk¾CamnusSEtmñak;dUcKña. enarubelx1gacarünamrkysarrbmtamgkunrsitamg BIrEsndUnta(dwg& munnwg(samibificuletakñúg møb; ebalkwculetaenakñúgbnþb;myyecjmkerkamyy EPøt²)nEteBlyb;sRmab;karcaM)c;epSg². rub elx2 Rsg;ykGMBIeBlecjBImøb;vij erkaybirs; enakñúgbnþb;etéggs;myyry³ebl. rubkenøgenh enartg;kci e FVeI Fμj ehiyeyigexijfa GñkTaMgBIrmk

I eq<ahetarkpriyapab GgÁúysMBHpÞwmCamYyKñadUckñúgmgÁlkardUecñaH. rubelx3 KWenAeBlqøgbuNübBa b;bifiecjbimøb;. eyigexijfa cas;tm u {CCuHrlas;} ebalkwer)hrbm (BrGñkTaMgBIrhak;dUcCasnμtfaCaKUsVamIPriyadUecñaH. etikaredlemiletaducca]bkic faekμgrsienahmanbþiehiymann½yfaducemþc? KWmann½yfa dmenirbi RkmMueTAkan;PaBCaPriyaenaH sgámbimunmkyl;fartuvefvievgq ayxøamgnas; BMuEmnRtwmEtmankarsÞabsÞg; edayerbi {Gñkpø Úv} bnþab;mkkarsyrsakl,g edayerbi {GñkEccUv} bnþab;mketotkarsþ IdNþ wgebjmux eday erbi {Gñkmha} munnwgmkdl;mgálkarb:uenñahet KWfakUnRsIenaHRtUvTu MxøÜnsin etibgacetarbqmnwgkarsþ dnþwg. PaBEdlGaccat;Tukfa {Tu M} enahcalt plénkarbnþmúxøünkunrsikñúgmøb;enahég edayqøgkat;bifiya:g ercinsn wksn ab; ehiyedlcakar]bkic famanbþi. Gacniyaymüa:geTotfa ]bkic ehiymyytmnak;kalsin etibefvikic BitR)kdEdlehAfamgÁlkar. duecñhculmøb;catmnak;kalti1kñúgdmenireq<ahetarkpriyapab. fyetaemilcatibn úcabgb Ún KMnitfaeq<aHeTArkPriyaPaBRtUvqøgdMNak;kalBIrFM²enaHesat Bu MEmnmancMeBaHEtExμrb:ueNÑaHeT KW c,as;cacatisasn_détetotcaercinmanedr RKan;EtlMnaMénkarRbtibtiþxus²Kña. enatienheyig nwgelikyk TMenomCatiBn úmyybykeqμahfarkwg Edlrs;pþMúKñatamPUmimYycMnYnkñúgextþrtnKirI CaBiessenARsukGUrCMu. Etmunnwgniyaydl;enaH eyig sumebalbirbima:t;singmbisßanpabcatisasn_tuetaéntmbn;edlnwgelik mkenh. CatiBn úsut safepsg²edlrs;enatmbn;enh ehiyedlpasaenakñúggm,úrmn-exμr manrkwg/ TMBYn/ kavit/ erba/ lun CaedIm. ÉRkumEdlenAkñúgGm,ÚrPasaGU sþúensiumancagat KWRCaynigkack;. Catisasn_ TaMgGs;enH CaTUeTAmanrebobrs;enATMenomTmøab;Rbhak;RbEhlKña fivt,itetrkumnimyy²manbukálwklkçn³ xøünpþal;. BImunmk PUminanaeRcInEtmanragmUl rubelx4 ebibmuenahetk¾mantrmg;cabgrkebiedr 3. CaTUeTA pþhsg;enatamexsmul$bgrkebienahég ehiyebrmuxmkkñúgrkkñatamggs;. enaknþalpumimangakarmyyfm Evgrbs;GñkPUmiTaMgmUlehAfa {erag}. niyaymkdl;enh sumbba ak;sinfa CaRbéBNIerogmkPUminimYy² Etg mancas;rsukcmnynrbmanbir$binak; EdlenAkñúgPasamn-ExμrehAfa {Rkak;} 4. Rkak;TaMgenH GñkPUmiTaMg 3 sbvéf enh rubragpumimankarerbkøayercinedayrbkarepsg² EdleyIg BMuykmkEvkEjkenATIenHeLIy. 4 kñúgpasaexμr niymn½yénbaküenh ercinsmedaetaelisac;xøwmeqi. yur²mþgekniyaysmedagmbimnussedlman\t ibl. ebiexμr niyaygmbicas;tmuedleksþab;eyabl;kñúgrgvg;catibn úduceyigebalenh ExμrEtgfa {emkrnþaj}. 35

05_Chandeb:Chankdeup 12/28/2007 10:54 AM Page 36 muletgbierkahehiysþab;eyabl;kgúñ kar sermccitþgvimyy rab;bba ÚlTaMgkarEsn PUmi/ erobkarbþirbbn / kat;kþi/ pakbin½y eligñkrsukedlefviqámaqággvitamgbyg. kic RbCMuTaMgGs;enHEtgmanRkak;CaRbFan ehiyrbrbwtþetaenaeragenhég. enhca muxgarsmxan;bpm tu rbs;erag. cmenkémuxgartibirrbs;erag KWyb;eLIg ekμgrbusebjkemøahetgmkcmu rubelx4 * PUmiCnCatieRBAmYynaTsvtS1960 KñaedkenATIenaH5. sumbba ak;fa krniti RbPB * Matras-Troubetzkoy 1983 BIrenH BMEu mnrtuvetefvxi anmin)net erbah ekμgkemøahxøhniymefvikunpþhtuc² Tab$x<s;sRmab;edkeBlyb;CaRkum²CamYyKña. kñúgmyypþhgacmanbi$byn nak;caedim. etahcaminedkenaeragk¾tmnak;tmngcamyyeragenaetmandedl t,itkunpþhenahetgetebreta eragcanic. rubelx5-6 bgðajbipþhkemøahcncatirkwg. rubelx5 * PUmiRKwg/ pþhkemøahebrmuxetaerag rubelx6 * PUmiRKwg/ pþhkemøahmyyetotebrmuxetaeragduckña 5 TMenomenH Catisasn_tUc²eRcInNas;EdlmandUcKña etahcaenatvibdétetoterkabigasiuk¾eday. GñkRsavRCavEtgehAfa bachelor s house 36.

05_Chandeb:Chankdeup 12/28/2007 10:54 AM Page 37 eq<ahetarkpriyapab cmebahekμgrsiedletibebjrkmmuvij karbnþmúxøünk¾manedr b:uenþsbvéf enh erkagmbicncatirkwg TMenom Tak;TgnwgRsIRkmMumankarbþÚrpøas;eRcIn ya:gehacnas;k¾dursm,kerkaedr mann½yfagñkerkamanexμrcaedim RbsinebIeTATsSnaPUmiCaeTscrsamBaØenaH k¾bmugaynwgcab;garmμn_elikarbnþmúxøünenhet. enarubelx7 EdlbgðajBIEpñkxagkñúgénpÞHmYyénCnCatiRCay eyigexijmanbnþb;myytucceg ótedlekefvisrmab;( RsIRkmMmu añ k;cl U edkenaeblyb;. kñgú n½yfa {bnþxúm nüø } enatienhkμangvei dlesþgnwgepñkxøagm duckarculmøbé; nekμg RsIExμreT erbahenaéenhekμgrsirbkbkargarenaerkapþhnigenacmáarducekducég KμanRtNm(XMuxøÜnGVITaMgGs; RKan;Etyb;eBledkk¾cUledkkñúgbnÞb;d¾tUcceg ótenaheta. rubelx8k¾duckñaedr EtenHCapÞHenAPUmiCnCati TMBYn6. eroggvitgmbienahetaetoteyignwgniyaykñgú CMBkU EdlTak;TgnwgCnCatiRKwgbnÞab; etaenh. rubelx7 * bnþb;ekμgrsirkmmukñúg pþhmyyéncncatircay rubelx8 * bnþb;ekμgrsirkmmukñúgpþhmyyéncncatitmbyn RkmMuRKwg7 ducetibnwgniyaymkehiy karbnþmúxøünenahkμangvicatwgrwgeliy KWRKan;EteBledkyb;k¾cUledkkñúg enaheta. EdlKYr(kt;smÁal;vj i KWekμgRsIeBjRkmMeu nahgacttylkemøahenakñgú bnþbx; nüø )n ebixnüø ebjcitþ ehiy ebiemiletaexijfaduccamintas;xusgvicamyy«bukmþayedlenakñúgpþhcamyykñaenah. tambiteta enhcaectna én«bukmþayenahégehiy erbahkareriskurskr KWsamIxøÜnpÞal;CaGñkerIs fivt,itetcynkal«bukmþayman 6 GñkpÞHenaHeTAenAcaMcmáarGs;ehIy etib)ncaemiletaexijlðelðvhak;duccapþhe)hbg;ecal. 7 karsiksagmbicncatirkwgmanmyycmnynedr kñúgenahmanbiredltak;tgnwgrbfanbtenh * C½y rtna nig Lúg eba 2001-2002 nig hiug c½nþfn 2007. cmebahkarsiksaercarchgmbiksikmμ nigtmenomxøhenah sumgan Matras-Troubetzkoy 1983. 37

05_Chandeb:Chankdeup 12/28/2007 10:54 AM Page 38 semþgkarbmeu Bjciteþ likemøahenh$kemøahenah edayelikykrbkarnamyymkeføg. duecñhbnþbt; cu enahsrmab;( ekμgrsingi RbusTak;TgKña sáal;cti Kþ añ munnwgsermcfaykkñacabþri bbn. ya:gnak¾edaykemøahenahmingacelig mksmenhsmnal$efvgi eiv lisenahetaetotet RbsinebIKaμ nkaryl;rbmbiknu RsI. CYnkaleTot edaysarena egongn;enaeliy enaeliktimyy$eliktibirkemøahedlmancitþesñhaelirsienahetgnamkñamñak;biretacamyy. erkaybienahmk RbsinebIemIleTAeXIjfaGacRtUvr:UvKña etibmkmñak;ég. EteTaHCaya:gNak¾minenAbnÞb;enaH hysbibirema:gcaedímeliy ]TahrN_ebIeTAdl;ema:gR)MbI KWeBlEdlCaTUeTAeKcab;epþImedkehIy k¾rtlb; mkkenøgxønü vijrvagema:gdb;yb;enahedr. luhexijetkemøahdedlenahetajwkjab;ehiy «Bukmþayk¾yl;ya:g gayfa GñkTaMgBIrenaHRsLaj;Kña. Ékar)nxøÜn$min)nxøÜnKñaBMusMxan;Nas;NaeTkñúgdMNak;kalenH. \LÚvcUreyIgniyaymkdl;pHÞ kunrkmm.u Rtg;cN M cu enh CnCatiRKwgenARbkan;RbéBNIx ab;x ÜnCagCnCatixøH etotduccacncatierbacaedim EdlBImunmkFøab;manpÞH kunrkmmuedr ehiyedletibnwge)hbg;tmenomenhecal. manrkysarrkwgercin EdlenAeFVpI HÞ (kunrkmmeu nadac;eday ELkEk,rpÞHFM. pþhenhmanlkçn³smáal;xøh² duccaman TMhMtUcTab CYnkalRckcUltUcxøaMgNas; $CYlkal etotdak;eteqi$fμmyydmucmnyscenþircaedim. RtwmEt rubelx9 * PUmiRKwg * pþhekμgrsirkmmuebrmuxetapþhfm b:uenñahk¾bmutan;c,as;facapþhkunrkmmuedr erbahgaccapþh benþahgasnñsrmab;rsiqgø Tenø $myysrmab;mnusscas; RTuDeRTamCaedIm. Edl(eXIjc,as;enaH KWpÞHkUnRkmMuBMu EdlenAeRkaypÞHFMdUcpÞHqøgTenøeLIy EtenAmkxagmux ehiyebretacmphþ FM rubelx9 ebibeum nahetk¾ebrbbaäti mk pþhfmedr hak;duccamann½yfa «BukmþayenAsmøwgmkrk $myyfa etahca {ÉkraCü} ercincagenabnþbk; gúñ pþh k¾knu RsI enahsßitenaerkam»vatén«bukmþayedr. pþhtucenahrkan; EtCacMNuHénpÞHFMb:ueNÑaH. müa:getot edaysarebreta pþhfmduecñah pþhkunrkmmuk¾ebrxñgcasv½yrbvtþieta(erag rubelx10 * pþhdedlenahebrxñg(eragpumi rubelx10 biduccaebrxñgeta(kemøahedr t,iteyig 38

eq<ahetarkpriyapab exijbielimkfacynkalkemøahbbylkñaercin$ticetaedkenaerag. etahcaedkenakunpþh k¾pþhkemøahenh EbrcMmkeragdUc)neXIjmkehIyEdr. enhcapabpþúykñamyy pþúykñamyyetotkwetahcaenaerag$enakunpþh tuc²dac;ecjbi«bukmþay kemøahetgedkcmukñacarkumtuckþifmkþi8 riébnþb;kñúúgpþh$pþhkunrkmmuvij KWeKeFVIeLIg srmab;rkmmumñak;²bmuemnsrmab;rkumeliy. cmnucxuskñamyyetot KWkalNaElgRtUvkarpÞHtUcenAehIy kemøah Gac {lk;} pþhenah(kemøahdétenabnþcmenkékunrkmmuvij ebiqb;enakunpþhehiy pþhenahrtuvruhecj$myyebi manbþiebjmuxehiy GacelIkbMEbrpÞHenaHElg(EbreTArkpÞHFMeTot. ebienabnþb;kñúgpþhfm kunrsienahgacttylkemøahehiy mann½yfamkenakunpþhdac;bipþhfm karttylenah kan;etgayrsyletaetot erbahbm uetismuxetismat;em:«nigbgb Ún. müa:getot «Buk/ bgrbus $nrnaetotedl sm itsm agsg;kunpþh(enah KWeFVIeLIgkñúgeKalbMNgenHÉg. CaFmμta mkedkenakunpþhdac;etégduecñh ehiy minyurminqab;etgetmankemøahmkelg. enaéenh karsñak;enagachysbimyyema:gbirema:gduckal niyaybienabnþb;. ebibinitüemilrubelx10gm,aj;mij(c,as; eyigexijfaes keligrvagema:grbman10rbwk ehiyk¾exijes,kecigrsimyykurbusmyykubmutan;ebkexjketatinabiranelicenþirenahpg. Tinñn½yEdleyIg RbmUl)nedaybTsmÖasn_kþI edaykarbinitüpþal;kþi KWmaneRcInNas; duecñhkrni Edl)nRsg;mkk¾manepSg²KñaeRcInEdr. EtenATIenHeyIg sumelikyketkrnitamglaynaedlekit maneligjwkjab;cafmμta edim,icakarsegçbfa ducemþcedlsgámrkwgyl;farbrkti ehiyducemþcvijedl yl;fabmurbrkti. cmnucmyyedleyiggacyl;ya:ggay KWRbEhlCaKμaneT karedlenacamyykñaercinyb;rab; BMuGs;;rhUtdl;«BukmþayTaMgsgxagGnuBaØat(erobkar ehiyedlbmu)nxøünr)nkñaenah. duecñh karedl manépþebahmunerobkarcaerogedlmanjwkjab;. kmbugmanépþebah ekmintan;(erobkaret Tal;EtqøgTenøput ehiyetib(kar)n. krnienh etahcabmuemnpakercink¾kg;manercinedr. EtebIeBalfa GñkTaMgBIrenaHeKcat; TukfaCabþIRbBn ebjmux sgámttylsáal;ebjc,ab;k¾bmuetogfaduecñah erbahenapumixøhekgnubaøat(erobkar 8 kñúgrbébniexμr etahbicasbvéf ercinmanexijetenatamcnbtkþi k¾ekμgkemøahetgbysnakcarkum cakecalpþh«bukmþay EdlxøÜnFøab;enA edim,ietaeronsurtenavtþkñúgpabcasgç. edayecosvagcakrbfanbt eyig BMuelIkkareRbobeFobRbuskemøaH ExμreTARbuskemøaHCatiBn úmanrkwgcaedimenheliy fvit,itetcaerogedlmansarsmxan; erbahtienhniyayetbidmenirrbs; mnussrsi cab;gmbieblebjrkmmu etadl;pabcapriyaebjmux. 39

CaFmμta 9 EtenAPUmixøHeTot 10 Rkak;( {pak} TaMgBIrnak;Camunsin etib(erobkarcaerkay 11. ebi)nxøünr)nkñaetbmutan;mankun ehiygñktamgbirrbmerbógkñaerobkar enahkan;etrbesirnas; etaetot. müa:getot kñúgry³eblbimyyqñametamyyqñamknøh 12 GacmankemøaHRbuselIsBImñak;EdlFøab;cUleTAkñúg kunpþhenaheblyb; mann½yfacynkalgñkxøhculetasasgkñamþg$ercindgetminrtuvr:uvkña $myyrtuvkñags;myy ry³ebledr EteRkaymkeTotEbkKñaeTAvijedayRbkarNamYy etiberkaymkmankemøahnamñak;epsgetot etasaksyrcitþehiyenacamyykñatmk. etahcaekμgrkmmuenahføab;ttylkemøahxus²kña bnþbnþab;kñak¾eday k¾gñkpumiminedoltμihgviedr t,itkaredlsmxan;kwgñkedlrslaj;kña TIbMputeTAerobkarKñaCabþIRbBn. ebimankunehiy TIbMputeTARbusminyknagenaHCaRbBn KWeKRtUvpakRbus ehiypakenahesatk¾ BMuEmntictYcEdr t,itekcat;tukfacakmhusf n; mann½yfarkak;etgetdak;sm<afya:gna(mnussrbusnigrsi ekarbvin½yrbs;sgámkñúgkarbgárbegáitrkysarepasnþan. eyigføab;rbthexijkrnimyyedlrbusnigrsiena PUmiepSgKña. luhmkenacamyykunrsi)nyurbnþ icmk RbusenaHRtLb;eTACae)Hbg;RsIecaledayKμanehtupl GVIRtwmRtUvTaMgGs;. edaysarrbusenahmkbipumiepsg GñkPUmixagRsIyl;faCakarminKb,I nam(gamas;muxxøamg Nas; fvit,itetkunrsienahbmumanépþebahk¾eday. eealenahrkak;rsukrbmtamg«bukmþayxagrsinamkñaetacrca CamYyRkak;Rsuknig«BukmþayxagRbus. sermckñatibba b;etakwrtuvesnpþac; mann½yfabirnak;enhbmu)nkñaca bþirbbn eliy EtRbusenaHRtUvmkEsnCRmHmnÞil(RKYsarRBmTaMgGñkPUmixagRsIedayRtUvbg;pakCaR)k; 2lanerol edim,ixagrsitijrnþab;smennsbvrkb;efvikic enah ehiynwgtukr)k;xøhcacm Wcitþpg. krniedl etibnwgelikmkenhsmxan;nas; erbahbgðajfaminemncakarelgesiceliy EdleKGnuBaØat(kUnRsITTYl RbuskemøaHenAeBlyb;dUecñaH. duc)nebalbielimkehiy CaFmμtaGñkTaMgBIrEtgerobkarKñaCabþIRbBn enatibba b;. edim,ietadl; dmnak;kalenah xagrbusrtuvetarkmnusskukñacabþirbbn (etacrcanig«bukmþayxagrsi. ebiekμgrsinigrbus 9 ]TahrN_enAPUmikan;qWg nigpumierkh. 10 ]TahrN_enAPUmikaLa. 11 pakenah BImunmkKWGñkEdlmankMhusRtUvecjRsa nigstv manrcuknigman;caedímsrmab;ykmkesn edim,i(gñkpumitamggs; )nrycxøünecosputbi {mnþil} EdlxøÜn)nbgármk. sbvéf enh GñkmankMhusGacecjCaR)k;kask¾)n edim,i(eketatijvtßútamg enahmkesnduckñaedr. 12 enhcary³eblmfüm EdlekμgRkmMuRKwgsñak;enAkñúgkUnpÞHpÞal;xøÜndac;BI«Bukmþay. 40

eq<ahetarkpriyapab enahenapumixuskña eketgeterobkarenapumixagrsieday«bukmþaykunrsienahcagñkcat;ecg. ebicg;erobkar enapumixagrbuspg KWRtUveFVIeRkayGMBIenaH. eyig)nniyaymkehiyfacmebahtmenombak;b½n nwgekμgrsirkmmu RKwghak;dUcCaenARbkan;TMenom Tmøab;edImeRcInCagCatiBn úedlenacitxagxøün. tambiteta BImunenHbnþic CnCatixøHeTot CaBiessBYkeRBA k¾mantmenomduckñaenhedr. ekgacsyrfa ebirtuvkardkxøafyerkaymkemilcatisasn_cabgb Ún edim,iesvg yl;rbébnixøünégenah ehtuemþc)ncatal;eterciseriscatibn úedlenapumipak san? cemøiykwfa ebieyig ykcatisasn_gm,úrmn-exμrduccakyy/ B½r/ s Úc CaedImenaHmkBicarNaeXIjfakarfyeRkay$dkXøark yl;xøünégenahbmugacevgq ayet erbahgñkgm,alm:anxagerkayenhenacitexμr qøggarüfm tamexμrcaercin stvtsnas;mkehiy ebiniyaybicncatisermenatmbn;ggárpg esþiretgacfadac;bucfμi²enhetaehiyk¾fa )nedaysarrlayculkñacamyyexμr ehiykøayetacaexμrgs;. eqμahéf eqμahexcaedimsut swgcabaküsmrsá it edaysarx IbnþGMBIExμreTA mann½yfakarrab;nwgkitkurbieblevlak¾qøgtamexμr. riéexμrvij k¾ttyl\t iblenh CayUryamkehIyBI\NÐa. erogenhekdwg&gs;ehiy BMucaM)c;elIkmkniyayeToteT. RbkarEdlcg;bBa ak; KWfaebIcg;eFVIkar):n;sμanxøHfa kalbimunrcytrcabgarüfm FM² duccagarüfm \NÐaCaedImenaH etirbébniexμr RbEhlCamanlMnaMrebobNa Tal;EtgakeTArkemIlCatiBn úcabgb ÚnEdlrs;enATwkdImþMú²KñaenH EtEdlEbk ecjbiexμrcayurmkehiy \tmanttylgarüfm FM²dUcExμr $tamry³exμr. ebalmkenh BMumann½yfakalBImun sm½yrbvtþisarsþexμrducrkwg/ ducerba/ ductmbyn>>>catuetaenahedr KWRKan;EtCakar):n;sμanRbemIlgakmk erkayfa munnwgedirmkdl;rbébniculmøb; ehiybnþab;mketiberobmgálkarenah kalbierbgnayrbehlca ExμrmanTMenomdUcemþcEdr. erbóbefobexμr nwgrkwg etidmenirbipabrkmmuetadl;pabcapriyapþúykñanas;eta$ rvagexμrnwgrkwg? ebiemiletmyyepøthak; duccaxøagxøatq aybikñanas; myybgçamgxøüncitkñúgbnþb;min(nrnaexij myyetotttylrbus(enacamyy edaykμanlak;elom. ebibicarnaevgq ayetibexijfa TMenomEdlxusKñaxøaMgenARtg;cMNucfa RkmMuRKwg$Cati Bn úedlenacitenahrtuveriskurskrxøünég xus$rtuvenaelixøünpþal;. eksg;kunpþh(enah k¾srmab;bmebj esripabenahégehiy. riérkmmuexμrvij edim,imankurskrtal;et {mþaytuk«bukdak;} ya:gehacnas;k¾ca RTwsþIEdr. erkabicmnucenh BMueXIjmanGVIEdlGaceBalfapÞúyKña)neT. BMuRtwmEtminpÞúy KWEfmTaMgGVI²Ep k 41

etaeliekalkmnitduckñaetotpg. KMnitTImYy)nniyaymkxagelIehIy cmebahexμr KWfaBIcab;epþImRkmMumkdl;køayCaRbBn RsIExμrqøg dmnak;kaltuc²ercinnas; EtGacsegçbmk)nfaqøgdMNak;kalFM²BIr. dmbugrtuvqøgkat; {møb;} EdleFVI vipaketaexijfacakar]bkic famanbþi. bnþab;mketibqøgdmnak;kaledlehafamgálkar ebalkwdmnak; kalcugerkayefvi(sgámttylsáal;fanagenahcapriyaek. riérkwgvijk¾qøgdmnak;kaltuc²ercinduckña ehiysegçbmk)ncabirduckña RKan;EtdMNak;kalFMTImYyBMuEmnCakar]bkic $k¾efvigvi²eligcanimitþrubet EtKWCaCMhanTImYyeTArkkarmanbþIBit erbahnagenahrymrs;xøünr)ncamyysgsarbitr)kd. edim,i(sgám TTYlsÁal;PaBCaPriyaenaH luhrtaetqøgmyydmnak;etot KWerobkardUcExμrEdr. muldæankmniténdmnak;kalfmtimyyenahmanduckña ebalkwep kelinimitþrubénkarculetaenakñúgépþ mþaymyyry³sin etibekitecjmkvijkñúgsßanpabcarsiedlgacmanbþiebjmux)n. cmebahexμrnimitþrubenh emilexijc,as;nas;. bnþb;edlcamøb;enahkwca]trrbs;mþay. eblecjbimøb;vij TRmaMecjputRsLHmk smbhrbhgatitü RtUvqøgkat;sßanPaBepSg²BIrbIKnøak;. ]TahrN_ecjputBIbnÞb;ehIyRtUveTAcUlkñúgmug $kñúgbus,úkmyysaetotsin/ ÉkarEdledIreTAenaHk¾eKyksMBt;s)Mg RbdUceTAnwgTarkEdlBMuTan;pþac;xøÜn RCHRsLHBITgp itnigsukcaedim. minrtwmetb:uenñah ekrbducrébtubetgmuxekμgrsienahetanwgtwkepøah etotpg 13. ebiemilmkrkwgbmuexijfaesþgdl;enahet Etya:gNak¾sUmkMuePøcfakUnpÞHenaHeKeFVI(manPaB ceg ótnas; müa:getoteblqb;ena ebalkweblsermcfa(erobkarcamyykemøahedlekμgrsienahrymrs; Kña)nehIy ekrtuvruhecal$myybegvrtisehiybþúrtikenøg mann½yfakunpþhenahrkan;etcasßanpabbenþah GasnñmYydUcCaeBaHBg;RsIEdlmanKP duecñahedr. kñúgsm½yrbvtþisarsþcatisasn_manexμrcaedimenh EdlTTYl\T iblgarüfm FM²enAburaNkal CaBiessGarüFm \NÐa mankarvivdæn_evgq ayxøamgnas; duceyigdwgrsab;. riécatibn úenapumipak san Edl)nelIkeLIgmanRKwgCaedImenH fvit,itetbmuenartwg 14 k¾karvivdæn_sgámbmumanel,óngvixøamgkøaet mktl; eblfμi²enh 15. etahcaya:genhkþi k¾eyigetibnwg)nexijmkehiyfa ebiekasyksm,kerkaecj xøwmenaxag kñúgbmugayerbrbyletanaeliy. RkmMuExμrEdlcUlmøb; BMuxusKñaGVIxøaMgBIRkmMuRKwgEdlsñak;enAkUnpÞHtUcmYy ry³eblenahet. 13 edim,ibisþarsumganesovepaedl)nniyayxagelirycehiy * GaMg CUlan/ RBab can;m:ar:a/ s un can;dwb 2007. 14 elielakenhbmuedlmansgámmnussnaenartwget KWEtgmankarvivDÆn_Canic RKan;Etel,ÓnénkarvivDÆn_enaHxus²Kña elon$ ywtetatametskalxus²kñaénrbvtþisarsþ. 15 EtGMeNIHteTAmux sßankarenhnwgdurqab;rh½s edaysarcatibn útamgenhr)rs½ytak;tgcamyyexμrkan;etxøamgeta². 42

eq<ahetarkpriyapab Résumé «Vers l état d épouse», par Sun Chandeb et Hing Chanthant L impressionnant et coûteux rite de passage, en général tombé en désuétude, appelé «Retraite dans l ombre» est encore sporadiquement observé. Il sanctionne la nubilité de la jeune fille khmère et la rend apte au mariage. A toutes les phases du rite, la postulante est implicitement montrée avec un époux factice. Considérée isolément dans son propre contexte cambodgien, le rite est, bien sûr, rendu parfaitement intelligible par l analyse. Reste cependant son côté insolite, bizarre même : à quoi correspond ce besoin de simulation avant qu une union matrimoniale réelle n ait lieu plus tard? Un peu de recul, dès lors, apparaît nécessaire. L examen minutieux des pratiques chez les Kreung, population môn-khmère habitant la province de Ratanakiri, relatives au laps de temps qui va de l apparition des premières règles de la jeune fille à son mariage officielle, nous donne un éclairage déterminant. La jeune fille Kreung ne se contente pas d une union factice avant la reconnaissance officielle, l union avec le fiancé de son propre choix se produit réellement et, sauf accident, débouche sur le mariage. Factice ou réelle donc, l union n en est pas moins symboliquement un pré-mariage. Abstract Approaching Wifehood, by Sun Chandeb et Hing Chanthant The impressive and costly rite of passage called Retreat into the Shade, is only sporadically practiced today. The rite sanctions a young girl s nubility, and renders her apt for marriage. At each phase of the rite, the postulant is implicitly placed before an artificial husband. Examined in an isolated manner within the Cambodian context, the rite is perfectly intelligible. There remains nonetheless a surprising, even bizarre dimension: how do we understand the need for simulation prior to the actual matrimonial union? Some distance allows for analysis of the issue. Close study of practices amongst the Kreung, a Mon-Khmer population in Ratanakiri province, relative to the lapse of time between the girl s first menstrual period and her official marriage, provides a key to understanding here. The young Kreung girl is not satisfied with a simulated union prior to official marriage; union with the fiancé of her choosing is actually held and, generally, leads to marriage. Simulated or real, therefore, the union is always a symbolic pre-marriage. 43

ÉksarBieRKaH C½y rtna nig Lúg eba/ 2001-2002/ shkmrkwg extþrtnkiri/ CMhandMbUgénkarsikSaGMBIRbB½n RKYsar nigsgámrs;ena/ sarnasrmab;ykbribaøabr½tburanvitüa/ mhavitüal½yburanvitüa/ saklvitüal½ypuminþvicirtsil,³/ PñMeBj. s un can;dwb/ 2003/ BiFIcUlmøb;/ sarnasrmab;ykbribaøabr½tburanvitüa/ mhavitüal½yburanvitüa/ saklvitüal½ypuminþvicirtsil,³/ PñMeBj. s un can;dwb/ 2006/ kareckvis½ymnussrbusnigrsi enaeblebjv½y/ sarnasrmab;ykbribaøabr½t Can;x<s; EpñkburaNviTüa/ racbnðitspakm<úca-saklvitüal½ypuminþvicirtsil,³/ PñMeBj. hiug c½nþfn/ 2007/ RsþICnCatiRKwg/ sarnasrmab;ykbribaøabr½tburanvitüa/ mhavitüal½yburanvitüa/ saklvitüal½ypuminþvicirtsil,³/ PñMeBj. GaMg CUlan/ RBab can;m:ar:a/ s un can;dwb/ 2007/ dmenircivitmnussexμr emiltambifiqøgv½y/ hnumanetscrn_/ PñMeBj. Matras-Troubetzkoy, Jacqueline, 1983, Un village en forêt. L essartage chez les Brou du Cambodge, SELAF, Paris. 44