Effeciency of different methods in detecting amphibian and reptile species in Hungary: a national overview Miklós Puky Hungarian Danube Research Station of the IEB of the HAS - Péter Schád Varangy Akciócsoport Egyesület
Mapping Atlases: systematic compilation of distributional data based on a geometrically preset grid (for example, grids of 100 km2) overlaying the region to be sampled. grid size should be proportional to the size of the area covered georeferenced format historical presence INTRODUCTION
Mapping Atlases: systematic compilation of distributional data based on a geometrically preset grid (for example, grids of 100 km2) overlaying the region to be sampled. grid size should be proportional to the size of the area covered georeferenced format historical presence INTRODUCTION more popular in Europe than in North America and elsewhere
Status of mapping projects in Europe Source: Dodd et al, in press, SEH National atlas has been published Preliminary or a regional atlas has been published
Status of mapping projects in Europe National atlas has been published Preliminary or a regional atlas has been published
Atlases are easily interpreted they are useful tools also in illustrating areas requiring further sampling they can be used to illustrate changes in distribution if sufficient historical data are available
Project description
Pleistocene refugia: R. arvalis, Z. vivipara Pannonian biogeographical region (also recognised legally in the EU) Source: Babik & Rafinski, 2004 Odierna et al., 2004 Surget-Grouba et al. 2006
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION Hungary: situated entirely in the Pannonian biogeographical region
Long-term monitoring
Long-term changes Parameters studied N Spearman R t(n-2) p Lake Naplás time B. bufo 13 0.6740 3.026 0.0115 time B. viridis 13-0.4833-1.831 0.0942 time H. arborea 13-0.5110-1.971 0.0742 time P. fuscus 13-0.7322-3.566 0.0044 time R. dalmatina 13-0.0721-0.240 0.8147 time R. esculenta c. 13-0.6202-2,622 0.0237 time amphibians in total 13-0.3658-1.303 0.2188 positive correlation negative correlation negative correlation, artefact! Göd time R. dalmatina 11 0.1702 0.4885 0.6382 5-6 year B. bufo time series: decline!
Number of migrating amphibians between 1992 and 1999 at Lake Naplás, Budapest, Hungary (Schád et al., 1999) NO. INDIVIDUALS 250 200 150 100 Rana esculenta Rana dalmatina Hyla arborea Bufo bufo Bufo viridis Pelobates fuscus 50 0 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 YEAR 5-6 year B. bufo time series: decline!
Rana dalmatina European species with several populations in northern Turkey, from sea level to 1700 m asl.,
Forest cover and the distribution of Rana dalmatina in Hungary = Rana dalmatina data available from the given 10 km x 10 km UTM square = forest Besides forests, riparian corridors are also important!
The dynamics of a Rana dalmatina population in a locally protected but anthropogenicly influenced habitat at the floodplain of the River Danube at Göd was followed since 1992.
Five cascading ponds fed by a subterranean seepage from gravel terraces situated above the level of the Danube, Cascading ponds at Göd
Long-term monitoring The dynamics of a Rana dalmatina population in a locally protected but anthropogenicly influenced habitat at the floodplain of the River Danube at Göd was followed since 1992. Rana dalmatina population size remained stable and no decline has been recorded over more than a decade (Puky et al., 2006).
16,627 records 1020 10 km x 10 km UTM squares (96.2% of the country) chronological structure as in the European Herpetological Atlas (Gasc et al. 1997) i.e. data collected after 1969 are used more than 75% amphibian data nearly 25% reptile data Data base description earlier 3,200 data Quality control: doubtful data kept but excluded from further processing
Data base description Data sources: literature survey outer experts own data (roughly 65%) Changes according to modern taxonomy.
Acknowledgements This atlas can not be made in its present form without the help of many dedicated individuals, whom we are trying to list below. Data collectors : Anthony Brandon, Barabás Sándor, Báskay Imre, dr. Berczik Árpádné, Béres Istvánné, Bertalan György, Blaskovits Zoltán, Jagoda Brodziewska, Hana Chobotská, dr. Pierre-André Crochet, Czikó Zsolt, Csatlósné Répás Erika, Csecserits Anikó, Csizmadia György, Csizmadia Péter, Csörgits Gábor, dr. Csörgő Tibor, Erica Donnison, Dányi László, dr. Endes Mihály, Erdei Norbert, dr. Erős Tibor, dr. Farkas János, Fodor Andrea, ifj. Fodor Andrea, Forgách Balázs, Földesi György, Gémesi Dorottya, Vivien Geen, Gencsy Dóra, Gencsy Gábor, Görföl Tamás, Görögh Zoltán, dr. Claude-Pierre Guillaume, Gulyás Kiss Csaba, dr. Guti Gábor, Hajdu Ádám, Hámori Márta, Hámori Zoltán, Haraszthy László, Harmos Krisztián, Havasné Udvary Zsuzsanna, Hegedűs Tünde, Héra Zoltán, dr. Benoit Heulin, Hidvégi Bence, Horváthné Offertáler Anita, dr. Jánossy László, Nevena Jelisic, Jónás Szabolcs, Kalocsa Béla, dr. Kárpáti László, Kecskés Ferenc, Kelényiné Welner Irma, Kéri András, Kis Kelemen Éva, Kiss Anita, dr. Kiss Keve Tihamér, Kontos Tivadar, Kovács L. Tibor, dr. Kriska György, Lelekács Györgyi, dr. Andreja Lucic, Mara Gyöngyvér, Molnár Ákos, Molnár Lászlóné, Molnár Péter, Monoki Ákos, Sara Morata, Kevin Morgan, Wilma Mossink, Murányi Gabriella, Németh Árpád, Németh Csaba, dr. Nosek János, Ocskóné Csabai Eszter, dr. Oertel Nándor, Omacht Zoltán, Osztoics András, Pálinkás Erna, Palkó Sándor, Prondvai Edina, Puky Istvánné, dr. Puky Miklós, Dragica Salamon, Ivan Salamon, Sallai Márton, Sallai Zoltán, dr. Cristina Sandu, Schád Péter, Seres Nándor, Sipos Viktória, Somogyvári Orsolya, Steták Dóra, dr. Yann Surget- Grouba, Szegedi Szilvia, Széll Antal, Sziliné Dienes Irén, Tamás Enikő, Tartally András, Tinya Flóra, Tompa Ferenc, Tóth Bence, Tóth István Zsolt, Tóth Miklós, Tóth Tamás, dr. Török Júlia, Turcsányi István, Vajda Zoltán, dr. Varga András, dr. Vásárhelyi Tamás, Vasas Vera, Paul Veenvliet, Végváriné Pongrácz Ágnes, Veres Viktória, Vogel Zsolt, William Watson, Zalai Tamás, Zay Andrea
Acknowledgements This atlas can not be made in its present form without the help of many dedicated individuals, whom we are trying to list below. Data collectors : Anthony Brandon, Barabás Sándor, Báskay Imre, dr. Berczik Árpádné, Béres Istvánné, Bertalan György, Blaskovits Zoltán, Jagoda Brodziewska, Hana Chobotská, dr. Pierre-André Crochet, Czikó Zsolt, Csatlósné Répás Erika, Csecserits Anikó, Csizmadia György, Csizmadia Péter, Csörgits Gábor, dr. Csörgő Tibor, Erica Donnison, Dányi László, dr. Endes Mihály, Erdei Norbert, dr. Erős Tibor, dr. Farkas János, Fodor Andrea, ifj. Fodor Andrea, Forgách Balázs, Földesi György, Gémesi Dorottya, Vivien Geen, Gencsy Dóra, Gencsy Gábor, Görföl Tamás, Görögh Zoltán, dr. Claude-Pierre Guillaume, Gulyás Kiss Csaba, dr. Guti Gábor, Hajdu Ádám, Hámori Márta, Hámori Zoltán, Haraszthy László, Harmos Krisztián, Havasné Udvary Zsuzsanna, Hegedűs Tünde, Héra Zoltán, dr. Benoit Heulin, Hidvégi Bence, Horváthné Offertáler Anita, dr. Jánossy László, Nevena Jelisic, Jónás Szabolcs, Kalocsa Béla, dr. Kárpáti László, Kecskés Ferenc, Kelényiné Welner Irma, Kéri András, Kis Kelemen Éva, Kiss Anita, dr. Kiss Keve Tihamér, Kontos Tivadar, Kovács L. Tibor, dr. Kriska György, Lelekács Györgyi, dr. Andreja Lucic, Mara Gyöngyvér, Molnár Ákos, Molnár Lászlóné, Molnár Péter, Monoki Ákos, Sara Morata, Kevin Morgan, Wilma Mossink, Murányi Gabriella, Németh Árpád, Németh Csaba, dr. Nosek János, Ocskóné Csabai Eszter, dr. Oertel Nándor, Omacht Zoltán, Osztoics András, Pálinkás Erna, Palkó Sándor, Prondvai Edina, Puky Istvánné, dr. Puky Miklós, Dragica Salamon, Ivan Salamon, Sallai Márton, Sallai Zoltán, dr. Cristina Sandu, Schád Péter, Seres Nándor, Sipos Viktória, Somogyvári Orsolya, Steták Dóra, dr. Yann Surget- Grouba, Szegedi Szilvia, Széll Antal, Sziliné Dienes Irén, Tamás Enikő, Tartally András, Tinya Flóra, Tompa Ferenc, Tóth Bence, Tóth István Zsolt, Tóth Miklós, Tóth Tamás, dr. Török Júlia, Turcsányi István, Vajda Zoltán, dr. Varga András, dr. Vásárhelyi Tamás, Vasas Vera, Paul Veenvliet, Végváriné Pongrácz Ágnes, Veres Viktória, Vogel Zsolt, William Watson, Zalai Tamás, Zay Andrea
Number of amphibian and reptile distribution data collected between 1972 and 2004 in Hungary 5000 NO. DATA/3 YEARS 4500 4000 3500 3000 Literature (Reptilia) Own data (Reptilia) Literature (Amphibia) Own data (Amphibia) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1972-74 1975-77 1978-80 1981-83 1984-86 1987-89 1990-92 1993-95 1996-98 1999-2001 2002-2004 PERIOD
Presence of amphibian species in in 10 km x 10 km UTM squares from Hungary Cserélendő SP-től = data available from the 10 km x 10 km UTM square
Number of amphibian and reptile species in in 10 km x 10 km UTM squares from Hungary
Previously known and recently proved occurrences of Hyla arborea in Hungary
Relative frequency of amphibian distribution data collected with different methods in Hungary 100% 80% 60% VES Road transect Egg count Netting Sound monitoring electrofishing trapping 40% 20% 0% S. salamandra T. alpestris Bo. bombina B. viridis P. fuscus H. arborea R. dalmatina R. arvalis amphibians in total SPECIES
Salamandra salamandra
Distribution of the fire salamander in Hungary = data available from the 10 km x 10 km UTM square
restricted distribution in middle mountains most abundant in stream valleys no busy roads mainly nocturnal, active during the day while it is raining trapping electrofishing Sound monitoring Netting Egg count Road transect VES
Bufo viridis Photo: dr. Gergely Szövényi
Distribution of the green toad in Hungary = data available from the 10 km x 10 km UTM square
large distribution area abundant in lowlands, also present in urban areas nocturnal loud call as a pioneer species it can cover large distances trapping electrofishing Sound monitoring Netting Egg count Road transect VES
Hyla arborea
Distribution of the European treefrog in Hungary = data available from the 10 km x 10 km UTM square
common abundant along river valleys, marshes and lakes loud call trapping electrofishing Sound monitoring Netting Egg count Road transect VES
Visual encounter survey Road transect Sound monitoring Electrofishing S. salamandra T. alpestris Bo. bombina B. viridis P. fuscus H. arborea R. dalmatina R. arvalis
To what extent road kill data can be used? In theory, all terrestrial and semi-aquatic species can suffer from road kills where they have populations near roads. Different species are threatened to a different extent by traffic according to species specific factors (movement types, length and direction of movement, velocity, temporal movement pattern, behavioural changes on roads),
Migration radius of amphibians (Blab, 1986) Triturus alpestris Triturus vulgaris Hyla arborea Pelobates fuscus Rana temporaria Rana dalmatina Bufo bufo
Do we always find the same species on the road? Sampling area: road network of five Hungarian national parks or large landscape protection areas (Danube - Ipoly National Park, Bükk National Park - Mátra Landscape Protection Area - Kelet- Cserhát Landscape Protection Area, Körös - Maros National Park, Balaton Uplands National Park, Zemplén Landscape Protection Area ) Period: 1998-2004 (altogether approximately 250 days spent in the field) Statistical analysis: G test (testing homogenity)
Localities of the national amphibian road kill surveys in Hungary N
Relative frequency of amphibian populations crossing roads R. temporaria Bo. bombina R. esculenta c. B. viridis Duna - Ipoly NP S. salamandra T. vulgaris T. dobrogicus B. bufo Cserhát - Mátra - Bükk R. temporaria T. vulgaris B. viridis B. bufo H. arborea H. arborea P. fuscus R. dalmatina P. fuscus R. dalmatina Balaton-felvidéki NP Zempléni TK H. arborea Bo. bombina R. esculenta c. B. viridis T. vulgaris T. dobrogicus B. bufo R. temporaria Bo. bombina R. esculenta c. B. viridis T. vulgaris B. bufo P. fuscus R. dalmatina H. arborea P. fuscus R. dalmatina R. esculenta c. Körös - Maros NP Bo. bombina B. bufo R. dalmatina P. fuscus B. viridis H. arborea Significant difference (G= 143,06, df= 40, p< 0,01) butnotwithoutthe Körös Maros NP!
Additional information gained Amphibian deformity types recorded in Hungary (A= polymely (Rana esculenta); B= polydactyly(triturus carnifex); C= unilateral anopthalmia Bufo bufo; D= ectromely (Rana arvalis); E= syndactyly (Salamandra salamandra); F= multiple deformities, A B C ectrodactyly, syndactyly, clinomely, (Bombina bombina) D E F
100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Relative frequency of reptile distribution data collected with different methods in Hungary VES Road transect Egg count Netting Shed skin electrofishing trapping L. viridis P. muralis A. fragilis E. longissima C. austriaca N. natrix N. tessellata reptiles in total SPECIES E. orbicularis
Visual encounter survey Road transect Electrofishing E. orbicularis L. viridis P. muralis A. fragilis E. longissima C. austriaca N. natrix N. tessellata
CONCLUSIONS Methodological: In multi-species, large scale surveys complex methodology brings the best results. The efficiency of methods changes with species, habitat and time of the year. Additional data gathered by other specialists can be valuable in building herpetological data bases.
CONCLUSIONS Methodological: In multi-species, large scale surveys complex methodology brings the best results. The efficiency of methods changes with species, habitat and time of the year. Additional data e.g. gathered by other specialists can be valuable in building herpetological data bases. The knowledge of foreign experts can be valuable in building national data bases.
Status of mapping projects in Europe National atlas has been published Preliminary or a regional atlas has been published
Pannonian biogeographical region Instead of political boundaries data collection should facus on biogeographical units.
Thank you for your attention!