PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS

Átírás

1 SOILMAP Development and evaluation of a complex chemical physical microbiological approach for assessing the quality of soils Midterm Scientific Conference Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Senate Conference Room Calea Aradului 119, Timişoara, Romania Friday, November 11, 2011 PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTS Edited by: Prof. Dr. Dorin Tărău Conf. Dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă Prof. Dr. Csaba Vágvölgyi Csaba Kótai

2 SOILMAP Development and evaluation of a complex chemical-physicalmicrobiological approach for assessing the quality of soils Midterm Scientific Conference Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Senate Conference Room Calea Aradului 119, Timişoara, Romania Friday, November 11, Participant registration Poster fixing in the poster area Welcome speach, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Head of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara D. Ţarau, D. Dicu, Cs. Vágvölgyi, Cs. Kótai, I. Radulov, K. I. Laţo Natural frame and main soil types from low plain of Banat (Mures Bega Rivers area)", Dr. Ing. Daniel Dicu, Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania A. Palágyi, L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi, L. Manczinger: "Application of chromogenic substrates for the measurement of soil enzyme activities", Dr. Andrea Palágyi, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary L. Manczinger, E. Sajben, L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi: Investigation of soil microbial diversity by the RISA method", Dr. László Manczinger, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary Cofee break I. Radulov, L.D. Niţă, Cs. Vágvölgyi, A. Berbecea, K. I. Laţo, Cs. Kótai: "Results concerning soil chemical properties in relation with soil quality", Assoc. Prof. Dr. Isidora Radulov, Department of Soil 1

3 Science and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Romania L. Kredics, S. Naeimi, A. Szekeres, P. Körmöczi, M. Javan-Nikkhah, L. Manczinger L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, Cs. Vágvölgyi: Agricultural soils as rich sources of potential biocontrol agents from the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma", Dr. László Kredics, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary Lunch break Poster session Closing remarks, Prof. Dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Head of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Banat`s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara Participation of the representatives of the project target groups are highly welcomed: *** 1. Researchers participating in the project (HU/RO). 2. PhD students participating in the project (HU/RO). 3. Undergraduate students participating in the project (HU/RO). 4. Representatives of associate partners in the project (HU/RO). 5. Non-participating scientists with interest to project achievements (HU/RO). 6. Non-participating PhD students with interest to project achievements (HU/RO). 7. Non-participating undergraduate students with interest to project achievements (HU/RO). 8. Farmers in the target (cross-border) region (HU/RO). 9. Representatives of SMEs in the target (cross-border) region (HU/RO). 10. Representatives of agriculture-connected authorities, official bodies, self-organised organisations in the target (cross-border) region (HU/RO). 11. Regional (political) decision makers (HU/RO). 12. Representatives of common public with interest to sustainable agriculture, environmental protection and life sciences (HU/RO). 13. Representatives of the media Participants Registration Pack involves the Project Leaflet (ENG/RO/HU) the Project Brochure (ENG/RO/HU) and the SOILMAP Conference CD with the Abstracts of the lectures and the PDF files of the posters presented at the conference. 2

4 SOILMAP Dezvoltarea şi evaluarea printr-o abordare complexă chimică fizică microbiologică a calităńii solurilor ConferinŃa ŞtiinŃifică Intermediară Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Romania Senate Conference Room Calea Aradului 119, Timişoara, Romania Vineri, 11. noiembrie, Înregistrare participanţi Afişare Postere Discurs de bun venit, Conf. univ. dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Departamentul de Ştiinţele Solului şi Nutriţie a Plantelor, Facultatea de Agricultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara D. Ţarau, D. Dicu, Cs. Vágvölgyi, Cs. Kótai, I. Radulov, K. I. Laţo "Cadrului natural şi principalele tipuri de sol din cîmpia joasa a Banatului (arealul Mures - Bega)", Dr. Ing. Daniel Dicu, Oficiul de Studii Pedologice Şi Agrochimice,Timişoara, România A. Palágyi, L.D. Niţă, D. Tarau, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi, L. Manczinger: "Aplicarea de substraturi cromogenice pentru măsurarea activităţilor de enzimă a solului", dr. Andrea Palágyi, Departamentul de Microbiologie, Facultatea de Stiinta si Informatica, Universitatea din Szeged,Ungaria L. Manczinger, E. Sajben, L. D.Niţă, D. Tarau, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi: "Investigarea de diversitatea microbiană a solului prin metoda RISA", Dr. László Manczinger, Departamentul de Microbiologie, Facultatea de Stiinta si Informatica, Universitatea din Szeged,Ungaria Pauza de cafea I. Radulov, L.D. Niţă, Cs. Vágvölgyi, A. Berbecea, K. I. Laţo, Cs. Kótai "Rezultatele privind proprietăţile chimice ale solului în raport cu calitatea acestuia", Conf. univ. dr. Isidora Radulov, Pedologie şi a Plantelor Departamentul de Nutritie, Facultatea de 3

5 Agricultură, Banatului `s Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară Timişoara Medicină, România Kredics L., S. Naeimi, A. Szekeres, P. Körmöczi, M. Iavan-Nikkhah, L. Manczinger, L.D. Niţă, D. Ţarau, Cs. Vágvölgyi: Terenurilor agricole ca surse bogate de agenţi potenţial de biocontrol filamentoase fungice genul Trichoderma ", Dr. László Kredics, Departamentul de Microbiologie, Facultatea de Stiinta si Informatica, Universitatea din Szeged, Ungaria Pauza de prânz Sesiunea Poster Concluzii şi discuţii, Conf. Dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Departamentul de Ştiinţele Solului Nutriţie a Plantelor, Facultatea de Agricultură, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara. Participarea reprezentanţilor grupurilor ţintă al proiectului sunt binevenite: *** 1. Cercetători care participă la proiect (HU / RO). 2. Doctoranzi care participă la proiect (HU / RO). 3. Studenţi care participă la proiect (HU / RO). 4. Reprezentanţi ai partenerilor asociaţi in cadrul proiectului (HU / RO). 5. Cercetători interesaţi de rezultatele proiectului (HU / RO). 6. Doctoranzi interesaţi de rezultatele proiectului (HU / RO). 7. Studenţi interesaţi de rezultatele proiectului (HU / RO). 8. Fermierii din regiunea transfrontalieră (HU / RO). 9. Reprezentanţii IMM-urilor din regiunea transfrontalieră (HU / RO). 10. Organismele autoritare în domeniul agricol din regiuniea transfrontalieră. (HU / RO). 11. Factori regionali de decizie în domeniul agricol (HU / RO). 12. Reprezentanţi ai comunităţii regionale cu interes pentru agricultura durabilă, protecţia mediului şi ştiinţele vieţii (HU / RO). 13. Reprezentanţii mass-media. Mapa conferinţei conţine brosura proiectului (ENG / RO / HU) şi CD-ul Conferinţei SOILMAP cu rezumatele prelegerilor şi posterelor prezentate în cadrul conferinţei. 4

6 SOILMAP Talajok minısítésére alkalmas, komplex kémiai fizikai mikrobiológiai eljárás kifejlesztése és értékelése Félidıs Tudományos Konferencia Bánáti Agrártudományi és Állatorvosi Egyetem Temesvár, Szenátusi Konferenciaterem Calea Aradului 119, Temesvár, Románia november 11., péntek Résztvevők regisztrációja Poszterek kihelyezése Nyitóbeszéd, Assoc. Prof. dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, tanszékvezető, Bánáti Agrártudományi és Állatorvosi Egyetem, Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kar, Talajtani Tanszék, Temesvár, Románia D. Ţarau, D. Dicu, Cs. Vágvölgyi, Cs. Kótai, I. Radulov, K. I. Laţo: A Bánáti Síkság (Maros Béga folyók vidéke) természetes keretei és fő talajtípusai", Dr. Ing. Daniel Dicu, Pedológiai és Agrokémiai Tudományok Hivatala, Temesvár, Románia A. Palágyi, L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi, L. Manczinger: "Kromogén szubsztrátok alkalmazása talajok enzimaktivitásainak mérésére", Dr. Palágyi Andrea, SZTE TTIK Mikrobiológiai Tanszék, Szeged, Magyarország L. Manczinger, E. Sajben, L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, B. Tóth, Cs. Vágvölgyi: Talajok mikrobiális diverzitásának vizsgálata a RISA módszerrel", Dr. Manczinger László, SZTE TTIK Mikrobiológiai Tanszék, Szeged, Magyarország Kávészünet I. Radulov, L.D. Niţă, Cs. Vágvölgyi, A. Berbecea, K. I. Laţo, Cs. Kótai: "Talajok kémiai tulajdonságaival kapcsolatos eredmények a talajminőség összefüggésében", Assoc. Prof. dr. Isidora Radulov, Bánáti 5

7 Agrártudományi és Állatorvosi Egyetem, Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kar, Talajtani Tanszék, Temesvár, Románia L. Kredics, S. Naeimi, A. Szekeres, P. Körmöczi, M. Javan-Nikkhah, L. Manczinger, L. D. Niţă, D. Tărău, Cs. Vágvölgyi: Mezőgazdasági talajok, mint a Trichoderma fonalasgomba-nemzetségbe tartozó potenciális biokontroll ágensek gazdag forrásai", Dr. Kredics László, SZTE TTIK Mikrobiológiai Tanszék, Szeged, Magyarország Ebédszünet Poszterszekció Záróbeszéd, Prof. dr. Lucian Dumitru Niţă, tanszékvezető, Bánáti Agrártudományi és Állatorvosi Egyetem, Mezőgazdaságtudományi Kar, Talajtani Tanszék, Temesvár, Románia *** Számítunk az alábbi projektcélcsoportok képviselőinek részvételére: 14. A projekt megvalósításában részt vevő kutatók (HU/RO). 15. A projekt megvalósításában részt vevő PhD-hallgatók (HU/RO). 16. A projekt megvalósításában részt vevő egyetemi hallgatók (HU/RO). 17. A projektben részt vevő társult partnerek képviselői (HU/RO). 18. A projektben részt nem vevő, de a projekt eredményei iránt érdeklődő kutatók (HU/RO). 19. A projektben részt nem vevő, de a projekt eredményei iránt érdeklődő PhD-hallgatók (HU/RO). 20. A projektben részt nem vevő, de a projekt eredményei iránt érdeklődő egyetemi hallgatók (HU/RO). 21. A határmenti célrégió gazdálkodói (HU/RO). 22. A határmenti célrégió kis- és középvállalkozásainak képviselői (HU/RO). 23. A határmenti célrégió mezőgazdasági testületeinek, hivatalainak, önálló szervezeteinek képviselői (HU/RO). 24. Regionális (politikai) döntéshozók (HU/RO). 25. A fenntartható mezőgazdaság, a környezetvédelem és az élettudományok iránt érdeklődő közönség (HU/RO). 26. A média képviselői A Résztvevők Regsztrációs Csomagja tartalmazza a projekt szórólapját (ENG/RO/HU), brossúráját (ENG/RO/HU), valamint a SOILMAP Konferencián bemutatott prezentációk absztrakjait és a bemutatott előadások és poszterek PDF-változatát tartalmazó CD-t. 6

8 SOILMAP Development and evaluation of a complex chemical physical microbiological approach for assessing the quality of soils Project partners: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Timişoara, Romania Cereal Research Non-Profit Co. Ltd., Szeged, Hungary Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania Associated partners: Agrarian Chamber of Csongrád County, Szeged, Hungary Directorate for Agriculture of Timis County, Timişoara, Romania Project implementation period: Background Agricultural soils are natural, living bodies, which change in space and time. Soil protection is a multinational issue. The soils from the cross border region between Hungary and Romania play a major role in the long term sustainability of agriculture in the region. Therefore, there is a need to manage the increasing environmental pressure on agricultural soils (the largest carbon stores) due to changes in climate and land use, applied technologies which enhance the occurrence of soil erosion, organic matter decline, contamination, salinisation, compaction and soil biodiversity losses. These factors are damaging soil microbial life quality which is a common problem in the soils of the cross border region. There is a lack of: a) R+D cooperation in the cross-border region in soil analysis, b) knowledge on the soil microbiological properties, bio-geo-chemical processes and interrelations, c) bioindicators to monitor the soil quality at the cross-border level, and d) data on soil carbon content and soil carbon trends. Soil organic matter (SOM) plays a major role in the carbon cycle of the soil. Soil health is determined by the balance of the living macro- and microorganism. Their qualitative and quantitative assay is required for the application of sustainable (low input) agricultural practices, protection and mitigation of soil adverse effects. Salinisation is a special problem in the cross-border region which is taken in account. A survey of the target group needs and problems was performed and implemented in the project objectives and activities. 7

9 Objectives of the project to improve the R+D cooperation activities in the cross border area and strengthen the economic cohesion to gain knowledge on the soil microbiological properties, bio-geo-chemical processes and interrelations to identify microbial bioindicators for the monitoring of soil quality at the cross-border level to collect data about soil carbon content and soil carbon trends Description of the project activities A soil testing plan will be developed by the project partners. Soils will be selected according to the available traceability records. Sampling will be performed from Hungarian and Romanian wheat field soils, both from intensive and organic production. Some grassland and forest soils will also be sampled as controls. The organic and inorganic matter quantity and quality in soil highly influence the soil structure and stability, water retention, cation exchange capacity, soil ecology and biodiversity. Methodologies will be developed to analyze the soil microbial diversity in relation to the content of organic carbon, other macroelements and polluting heavy metals. Physico-chemical properties of soil samples (ph, texture, compaction, salinity) as well as the biochemical and microbial diversity of the samples will be analysed. Phosphatase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like protease, lipase and chitinase enzyme activities will be measured. The microbiological analysis protocols target the soil bacterium genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Paracoccus, as well as the soil fungal species of Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium and Zygomycetes. The diversity of bacteria and fungi is directly linked to the decline of soil biodiversity. General microbial diversity will be assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based ribosomal RNA intergenic spacer analysis (RISA), while functional diversity investigations will be carried out by multiplex real time PCR with group-specific primer mixtures. The electrophoretic separation of the PCR products will result in soil microbial barcodes. The accumulated chemical, physical and microbiological data will be used to create matrices (soil maps). Furthermore, microbial bioindicators will be identified for the monitoring of soil quality at the cross border level. Impact of the project The mid-term impact of the project will be a) the development of a complex chemical physical microbiological approach for assessing the quality of soils, b) validation of the new methodology, c) soil maps based on the chemical physical microbiological data, d) guidance for decision makers for reducing the negative impact of human activities, e) assistance for development of guidelines for new low input cropping technologies for farmers and f) new training materials for higher education. The long-term impact of the project is the involvement of other regions, cooperation in new R+D project, deepening the international cooperation with project partners having R+D synergy and planned capitalization of the project results by starting the development of soil-specific microbial products based on the soil maps. 8

10 SOILMAP Dezvoltarea şi evaluarea printr-o abordare complexă chimică fizică microbiologică a calităţii solurilor Partenerii proiectului: Partenerii asociaţi: Departamentul de Microbiologie, Facultatea de Stiinţe şi Informatică, Universitatea din Szeged, Ungaria Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Romania Institutul de Cercetare pentru Cereale Ltd., Szeged, Ungaria Oficiul de Studii Pedologice şi Agrochimice, Timişoara, Romania Camera Agrar Csongrád din judet, Szeged, Ungaria Direcţia Agricolă Judeţeană Timiş, Timişoara, Romania Punerea in aplicare proiectul perioada: Context Solurile sunt resurse naturale, alcătuite din compuşi solizi minerali şi organici, apă, aer şi organisme vii, care se schimbă în timp şi spaţiu, fapt pentru care protecţia acestora reprezintă o problemă de interes multinaţional. Reprezintând mediul pentru creşterea şi dezvoltarea plantelor solurile din regiunea transfrontalieră, între Ungaria şi România, joacă un rol major în sustenabilitatea pe termen lung a agriculturii din regiune. Prin urmare, este necesar de a cunoaşte şi gestiona presiunea crescândă asupra mediului pe terenurile agricole (cele mai mari depozite de carbon), datorită modificărilor climatice şi utilizarea terenurilor, prin aplicarea de tehnologii care sporesc apariţia eroziunii solului, reducerea materiei organice, contaminarea, salinizarea, compactarea şi pierderi ale biodiversităţii solului. Aceşti factori sunt dăunători calităţii solului afectând viaţa microbiană, care este o problem comună pentru solurile din regiunea transfrontalieră. Dar există o lipsă de: a) cooperare R + D în regiunea transfrontalieră în analiza solului, b) a cunoştinţelor privind proprietăţile microbiologice ale solului, procesele bio-geo-chimice şi interrelaţiile dintre acestea, c) a lipsei bioindicatorilor determinaţi ai echilibrului dintre macro-şi microorganisme şi d) date privind conţinutul şi a formelor de carbon din sol. Materia organică din sol (SOM) joacă un rol important în ciclul carbonului din sol. Starea de sănătate a solului este determinată de echilibrul dintre macro-şi microorganisme, analiza lor calitativă şi cantitativă fiind necesară pentru punerea în aplicare a practicilor agricole durabile (input scăzut), protecţia şi atenuarea efectelor adverse solului. Deasemenea salinizare este o problemă specială în regiunea transfrontalieră, care este luată în considerare în prezentul proiect. Un sondaj privind nevoile şi probleme grupului ţintă a fost realizat şi implementat în cadrul obiectivelor şi activităţilor proiectului. 9

11 Obiectivele proiectului îmbunătăţirea activităţilor de cooperare R + D în zona transfrontalieră şi consolidarea coeziunii economice, dobândire de cunoştinţe despre proprietăţile microbiologice ale solului, procesele bio-geo-chimice şi interrelaţiile dintre acestea, identificarea unor bioindicatori microbieni de monitorizare a calităţii solului, colectarea de date cu privire la conţinutul şi formele de carbon din sol din spaţiul transfrontalier. Descrierea activitatior proiectului Partenerii de proiect vor dezvolta un plan de testare a solulurilor. Solurile vor fi selectate în funcţie de înregistrările disponibile cât şi de trasabilitatea acestora. Prelevarea probelor de sol se va realiza din spaţiul maghiar şi român din culturile de grâu, atât din sistemul intensiv cât şi din cel ecologic. Unele soluri de sub păşuni sau vegetaţie forestieră vor fi folosite ca eşantione de control. Cantitatea de materie organică şi anorganică şi calitatea acesteia din sol influenţeazăd structura solului şi stabilitate acesteia, capacitatea de reţinere a apei, capacitatea de schimb cationic, ecologia solului şi bineânţeles biodiversităţatea. În raport cu acestea vor fi dezvoltatate metodologii pentru a analiza diversităţii microbiene din sol, în funcţie de conţinutul de carbon organic, macroelemente, substanţe poluante şi metale grele. Proprietăţile fizicochimice ale probelor de sol (ph-ul, compactarea, textura, salinitatea), precum şi cele biochimice şi diversitatea microbiană a probelor vor fi analizate. Fosfataza, β-glucozidaza, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, tripsina-şi protează chemotripsina-cum ar fi, lipazei şi activităţile chitinase ale enzimelor vor fi măsurate. Determinările microbiologic vor avea ca obiective ţintă genurile: bacteria Pseudomonas, Bacillus, actinomicete, Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Paracoccus, precum şi specii fungice de Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Acremonium Penicillium, Fusarium şi Zygomycetes, cunoscut fiind faptul că diversitatea de bacterii si ciuperci este direct legată de declinul biodiversităţii solului. În general diversitatea activivăţilor microbiane vor fi evaluate de către PCR-a în baza analizei ARNr spacer intergenic (RISA), în timp ce investigaţiile funcţionale ale diversităţii l vor fi efectuate de către PCR în timp real multiplex cu amestecuri primer specific de grup. Separarea electroforetica a produselor PCR va duce la coduri de bare microbiene din sol. Datele acumulate chimice, fizice şi microbiologice vor fi folosite pentru a crea matrici (hărţi de sol). În plus, bioindicatori activităţii microbiane vor fi identificatori de monitorizare a calităţii solului, la nivel transfrontalier. Impactul proiectului Impactul proiectului pe termen mediu va fi materializat prin: a) dezvoltarea unei metodologii pentru evaluarea calităţii solurilor prinrtr-o abordare complexă chimică, fizică şi microbiologică, b) validarea noii metodologii, c)realizarea de hărţi ale solurilor bazată pe însuşirile chimice, fizice şi microbiologice, d) soluţii pentru factorii de decizie în vederea reducerii impactului negativ al activităţilor umane, e) asistenţă pentru elaborarea de tehnologii cu impact scăzut, noi practici pentru agricultori, şi f) materiale de instruire pentru învăţământul superior. Impactul proiectului pe termen lung se referă la implicarea altor regiuni la cooperarea în proiecte de tipul R + D, aprofundarea cooperării internaţionale cu partenerii de proiect având în R + D sinergia şi valorificarea planificată a rezultatelor proiectului începând cu dezvoltarea de produse microbiene specifice bazate pe hărţi ale solurilor. 10

12 SOILMAP Talajok minősítésére alkalmas, komplex kémiai fizikai mikrobiológiai eljárás kifejlesztése és értékelése Projektpartnerek: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar, Mikrobiológiai Tanszék, Szeged, Magyarország Bánáti Agrártudományi és Állatorvosi Egyetem, Temesvár, Románia Gabonakutató Nonprofit Kft., Szeged, Magyarország Pedológiai és Agrokémiai Tudományok Hivatala, Temesvár, Románia Társult partnerek: Csongrád Megyei Agrárkamara, Szeged, Magyarország Temes Megyei Mezőgazdasági Igazgatóság, Temesvár, Románia A projekt futamideje: Háttér A mezőgazdasági talajok térben és időben változó, természetes, élő egységek. A talajvédelem nemzetközi ügy. A Magyarország és Románia közti határmenti régió talajai döntő szerepet játszanak a régió mezőgazdaságának fenntarthatóságában. Ezért nagy szükség van a mezőgazdasági talajokra (mint legnagyobb szervesanyagraktárakra) a klímában és termőterülethasználatban bekövetkező változások, a talajeróziót fokozó technológiák, a szervesanyagszint csökkenése, a szennyezések, a sófelhalmozódás, a tömörülés és a talajbiodiverzitás csökkenése miatt nehezedő, növekvő környezeti nyomás kezelésére. A felsorolt tényezők károsítják a talaj mikrobiális életminőségét, ami általános probléma a határmenti régió talajainak esetében. Ezen a területen a) a határmenti régióban talajanalízisre irányuló K+F együttműködésekből, b) a talaj mikrobiológiai sajátságairól, bio-geo-kémiai folyamatairól és ezek összefüggéseiről rendelkezésre álló tudásból, c) a határmenti régió talajminőségének monitorozására alkalmas bioindikátorokból és d) a talaj széntartalmával és annak változásaival kapcsolatos adatokból egyaránt hiány mutatkozik. A talaj szervesanyag-tartalma döntő szerepet játszik a talaj szénciklusában. A talajegészséget az élő makro- és mikroszervezetek egyensúlya határozza meg. Ezek mennyiségi és minőségi elemzése szükséges a fenntartható mezőgazdasági gyakorlat alkalmazásához, a sikeres védekezéshez és a talajra gyakorolt nemkívánatos hatások enyhítéséhez. A sófelhalmozódás a határmenti régió speciális problémája, melyre különös figyelmet kell fordítani. A projekt célkitűzései és tervezett tevékenységei a célcsoportok igényeinek és prolémáinak előzetes felmérése alapján kerültek kidolgozásra. 11

13 A projekt célkitűzései a K+F együttműködési aktivitás fejlesztése és a gazdasági kohézió erősítése a határmenti régióban a talaj mikrobiológiai sajátságairól, bio-geo-kémiai folyamatairól és azok összefüggéseiről rendelkezésre álló ismeretanyag bővítése a határmenti régió talajminőségének nyomonkövetésére alkalmas mikrobiális bioindikátorok azonosítása a talaj széntartalmával és annak változásaival kapcsolatos adatok gyűjtése A projekt tevékenységei A projektpartnerek kifejlesztenek egy talajvizsgálati tervet. A talajok a rendelkezésre álló nyomonkövethetőségi adatok alapján kerülnek kiválasztásra. A mintavételezés magyarországi és romániai búzaföldek intenzív, ill. organikus termesztésbe vont talajaiból történik. Kontrollként legelők és erdők talajaiból is történik mintavétel. A talaj szerves és szervetlen anyagainak mennyisége és minősége nagymértékben befolyásolják a stabilitást, a vízmegtartó és kationcserélő képességet, a talaj ökológiáját és biodiverzitását. Metodikák kerülnek kifejlesztésre a talaj mikrobiális diverzitásának a szerves szén-, egyéb makroelem- és szennyező nehézfémtartalom függvényében történő elemzésére. A talajminták fizikaikémiai tulajdonságai (ph, textúra, tömörülés, sófelhalmozódás) valamint biokémiai és mikrobiális diverzitása egyaránt elemzésre kerül. Sor kerül a foszfatáz, β-glükozidáz, cellobiohidroláz, β-xilozidáz, tripszin- és kimotripszin-típusú proteáz, lipáz és kitináz enzimaktivitások vizsgálatára. A mikrobiális elemzés a talajbaktériumok Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Actinomycetes, Azotobacter, Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter és Paracoccus nemzetségeinek, valamint a Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium és Zygomycetes taxonokba tartozó talajgombáknak a vizsgálatát célozza. A baktériumok és gombák diverzitása közvetlen összefüggésben van a talaj biodiverzitásának csökkenésével. Az általános mikrobiális diverzitás felmérse a riboszómális RNS intergénikus elválasztó régiójának polimeráz láncreakción (PCR) alapuló analízisével (RISA) történik, míg a funkcionális diverzitásvizsgálatok céljára csoportspecifikus indítószekvencia-keverékek alkalmazásán alapuló, multiplex, valós idejű PCR-technika kerül felhasználásra. A PCR-termékek elektroforetikus elválasztása talajmikrobiális vonalkódokat eredményez. A felhalmozott kémiai, fizikai és mikroiológiai adatokból mátrixok (talajtérképek) készülnek. Ezen túl a határmenti régió talajminőségének nyomonkövetésére alkalmas mikrobiális bioindikátorokat is azonosítunk. A projekt várható hatása A projekt középtávú hatása lesz a) egy komplex kémiai fizikai mikrobiológiai talajminősítési eljárás, b) az új metodika validálása, c) a felhalmozott kémiai fizikai mikrobiológiai adatokon alapuló talajtérképek, d) útmutatás a döntéshozók számára az emberi tevékenység negatív hatásainak csökkentésére, e) hozzájárulás a gazdálkodók részére készítendő, új, környezetbarát termesztéstechnológiákkal kapcsolatos útmutatások összeállításához, f) konzultációs szolgáltatások és a felsőoktatásban alkalmazott új képzési anyagok. A projekt hosszú távú hatásai más régiók bekapcsolódása, új K+F projektekben történő együttműködések, a K+F szinergiákkal rendelkező projektpartnerekkel történő nemzetközi együttműködések elmélyítése, valamint a projekt eredményeinek a talajtérképeken alapuló, talajspecifikus mikrobiális termékek fejlesztése útján megvalósítani tervezett gazdasági hasznosulása. 12

14 ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS 13

15 LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS O1: Dorin Tărău, Daniel Dicu, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Csaba Kótai, Isidora Radulov, Iaroslav Laţo: NATURAL FRAME AND MAIN SOIL TYPES FROM LOW PLAIN OF BANAT (MURES BEGA RIVERS AREA) O2: Palágyi Andrea, Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Dorin Tărău, Beáta Tóth, Csaba Vágvölgyi, László Manczinger: APPLICATION OF CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES O3: László Manczinger, Enikő Sajben, Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Dorin Tărău, Beáta Tóth, Csaba Vágvölgyi: INVESTIGATION OF SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY BY THE RISA METHOD O4: Isidora Radulov, Lucian Nita, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Adina Berbecea, Iaroslav Laţo, Csaba Kótai: RESULTS CONCERNING SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN RELATION WITH SOIL QUALITY O5: László Kredics, Shahram Naeimi, András Szekeres, Sándor Kocsubé, Péter Körmöczi, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah, László Manczinger, Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Dorin Tărău, Csaba Vágvölgyi: AGRICULTURAL SOILS AS RICH SOURCES OF POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS FROM THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGAL GENUS TRICHODERMA 14

16 O-1 NATURAL FRAME AND MAIN SOIL TYPES FROM LOW PLAIN OF BANAT (MURES BEGA RIVERS AREA) Dorin Tărău 1, Daniel Dicu 1, Csaba Vágvölgyi 2, Csaba Kótai 3, Isidora Radulov 4, Iaroslav Laţo 4 1 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 3 Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary 4 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania The research goal is the accumulation of scientific data on the physical, hydro-physical and chemical characteristics of the land, necessary to support a methodology for monitoring their quality through a complex firm approach of geographical, edaphic and climatical conditions of low plain of Banat (interfluve Mures - Bega). The importance and timeliness of work is the need to protect the edaphic layer and environment by accumulation of scientific data necessary to support a methodology for monitoring soil quality in particular and in general the environment, through a complex firm approach of geographical, edaphic and climatical conditions of Banat low plain area; accumulation of scientific data necessary to support technologies of conservative tillage of soil and sustainable management of soil and water resources; the deployment of conservative tillages and sustainable management of geographical, edaphic and climatic conditions in southwest Romania. Research of ecopedological conditions, ordering and data processing was done according to the Methodology of Pedological Studies Elaboration, developed by ICPA Bucharest in 1987 and the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy. Following its settlement, the natural conditions (relief, lithology, hydrology, vegetation) are specific to low subsidence plains, ramble and build where they formed and evolved main soil types reflected by their geo-bio-chemical and morphological main and determining characteristics defining the landscape for cultivation and growth of fruiting plants in this region. The geological past of the investigated area is linked to the Banato-Crisana Plain, from which actually is part, it represents one of the great eastern portions of the sedimentary basin called the Pannonian Basin. Plains formation of the investigated space is closely related to specific local base of the Pannonian Middle Danube Basin, by the numerous streams which flow from the mountain, the movements of elevation and subsidence in the west. The lowered altitude and reduced depth of groundwater in alluvial layer explained that arrangement does not have a continuous disposition, the landscape consisting of a succession of river-banks and lake depressionary areas, typical of continental delta (Delta of Mures). According to the Romanian System of Soil Taxonomy, 6 classes of soils, 8 types, 35 subtypes, 98 varieties and many detailed units were identified in the investigated area, which differ distinctly throught their properties, productive capacity and maintaining and increasing fertility measures. This paper provides basic knowledge and methodological elements for evaluation and characterization of the natural and anthropogenic resources. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 15

17 O-2 APPLICATION OF CHROMOGENIC SUBSTRATES FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES Palágyi Andrea 1, Lucian Dumitru Niţă 2, Dorin Tărău 3, Beáta Tóth 4, Csaba Vágvölgyi 1, László Manczinger 1 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 2 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 3 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania 4 Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary Testing and optimizing of methods for determination of soil enzyme levels were performed. For the enzyme activity determination chromogenic (p-nitrophenyl and nitroanilide) substrates were used. The enzyme activities in several series of Hungarian and Romanian soil samples, forest soils, wheat cultivating place soils, pasture soils and sandy soils in the previous trimester were determined. The different layers (upper and lower layer) of the ten types of Hungarian and Romanian soil samples were also analyzed. The sensitivity of the used method and the needed incubation times were also investigated. The enzyme activities were measured with a microplate photometer. The measured soil enzyme activities were: phosphatase, β-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, β-xylosidase, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases, lipase and chitinase. The substrates were used for the measurements at 600 μg/ml concentration. The investigated eight soil samples for the preliminary investigations were collected in February 2011: this fact was substantionally reflected by the low measurable enzyme levels. It was surprising, that the enzyme levels were the highest in the pasture soil and the lowest in the forest soil in case of Romanian samples. In the Hungarian samples the measurable enzyme levels were as expected, and as it is described in the literature. The phosphatase, trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like proteases and lipase showed the highest enzyme activities. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 16

18 O-3 INVESTIGATION OF SOIL MICROBIAL DIVERSITY BY THE RISA METHOD László Manczinger 1, Enikő Sajben 1, Lucian Dumitru Niţă 2, Dorin Tărău 3, Beáta Tóth 4, Csaba Vágvölgyi 1 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 2 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 3 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania 4 Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary Microorganisms have great influence on the soil quality. They take part in the cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus in the soil; by the mineralization processes they supply the plants with important macro- and microelements. It is generally accepted, that the higher the soil microbial diversity, the better the soil quality. As a classical approach, the soil microbial diversity was determined by different culturing techniques. In this case, a dilution series was made from a soil suspension, the aliquots were plated on distinct media and the colonies appeared on it were picked up one by one for a taxonomic identification which was mainly based on various biochemical tests. In the last twenty years, several new types of methods have been developed. In the case of these molecular diversity investigating methods, we can determine the soil microbial diversity without a previous culturing step. In all of these methods, first a representative DNA extraction is made from the soil, and after that a part of the environmental DNA strands are amplified by PCR. These PCR products are further investigated by distinct electrophoretic techniques. A simple molecular diversity investigating method is the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA). This method is based on the fact that the region of the rrna gene cluster between the small (16S) and large (23S) ribosomal RNA genes in bacteria and between 18S and 26S rrna genes in fungi is called the intergenic spacer region (ITS), displays significant heterogeneity in both length and nucleotide sequence. Both types of variation have been extensively used to distinguish bacterial and fungal strains and closely related species. The ITS length polymorphism could be visualized with a simple horizontal agarose gelelectophoresis, and the resulted fingerprint of fragments is characteristic, and indicates the composition of the investigated microbial community. The theoretical background and the detailed methodology of the RISA method will be presented. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 17

19 O-4 RESULTS CONCERNING SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN RELATION WITH SOIL QUALITY Isidora Radulov 1, Lucian Nita 1, Csaba Vágvölgyi 2, Adina Berbecea 1, Iaroslav Laţo 1, Csaba Kótai 3 1 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 2 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 3 Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary To understand soil management and to maintain soil quality, we need to know about the chemical aspects of the soil, such as soil ph, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and soil nutrient content. Soil ph is probably the most commonly measured soil chemical property and is also one of the most informative. Soil ph has a profound influence on plant growth. Soil ph affects the quantity, activity, and types of microorganisms in soils which in turn influence decomposition of crop residues, manures, sludges and other organics. It also affects other nutrient transformations and the solubility, or plant availability, of many plant essential nutrients. Cation exchange capacity is an important phenomenon for two reasons: exchangeable cations such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium are readily available for plant uptake and cations adsorbed to exchange sites are more resistant to leaching, or downward movement in soils with water. Greater cation exchange capacities help to decrease these losses. Pesticides or organics with positively charged functional groups are also attracted to cation exchange sites and may be removed from the soil solution, making them less subject to loss and potential pollution. Organic matter includes any plant or animal material that returns to the soil and goes through the decomposition process. In addition to providing nutrients and habitat to organisms living in the soil, organic matter also binds soil particles into aggregates and improves the water holding capacity of soil. Most soils contain 2 10 percent organic matter. However, even in small amounts, organic matter is very important. Nutrient exchanges between organic matter, water and soil are essential to soil fertility and need to be maintained for sustainable production purposes. Where the soil is exploited for crop production without restoring the organic matter and nutrient contents and maintaining a good structure, the nutrient cycles are broken, soil fertility declines and the balance in the agroecosystem is destroyed. In general, the availability of nutrients (deficit or surplus availability) often controls the form of the ecosystem, determining its overall productivity, and influencing which particular set of plants come to predominate. In this paper the chemical properties of soils in the area of Mures Bega Rivers are presented being appreciated quality of these soils according to them. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 18

20 O-5 AGRICULTURAL SOILS AS RICH SOURCES OF POTENTIAL BIOCONTROL AGENTS FROM THE FILAMENTOUS FUNGAL GENUS TRICHODERMA László Kredics 1, Shahram Naeimi 2, András Szekeres 3, Sándor Kocsubé 1, Péter Körmöczi 1, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah 2, László Manczinger 1, Lucian Dumitru Niţă 4, Dorin Tărău 5, Csaba Vágvölgyi 1 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 2 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran 3 FumoPrep LtD., Mórahalom, Hungary 4 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 5 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania During a project aimed at the identification of potential biocontrol agents, we surveyed the biodiversity of the genus Trichoderma in Hungarian winter wheat fields and Iranian paddy rice fields. The isolates were identified by the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with TrichOKEY 2.0 ( and BLAST similarity searches. One hundred and sixteen Trichoderma isolates were collected from chopped roots of winter wheat at 18 sampling sites of five agricultural fields in the Pannonian Plain. The Trichoderma species detected in the samples were T. atroviride, T. brevicompactum, T. gamsii, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis/t. ovalisporum, T. longibrachiatum/h. orientalis, T. pleuroticola, T. rossicum, T. spirale, T. tomentosum/t. cerinum and T. virens. The most frequently isolated Trichoderma species proved to be T. harzianum, which was followed by T. virens. Two hundred and one Trichoderma strains were isolated from samples deriving from Northern Iranian rice fields at 45 different geographic locations. More than 50% of the isolates proved to belong to the species T. harzianum. The second most frequent species occurring in the rice field samples was T. virens with 69 isolates (34%). Besides T. harzianum and T. virens, strains belonging to four other Trichoderma species could be isolated from the examined rice field samples: 11 strains of T. atroviride, three strains of T. hamatum, one strain of T. asperellum, and one strain of T. brevicompactum. Beneficial taxa widely used as biocontrol agents against plant pathogenic fungi (e.g. T. harzianum, T. virens, T. atroviride) could be isolated from the samples examined during this study. Strains were screened for their antagonism to plant pathogenic fungi. The results revealed that the rhizosphere of both the winter wheat and rice fields are rich sources of potential biocontrol isolates. SCAR (sequence characterized amplified regions) markers were successfully identified and rapid, reliable tools were provided for the detection of an effective biocontrol Trichoderma strain, which can facilitate studies of its population dynamics and establishment after release into the natural environment. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). The Project named TÁMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KONV Creating the Center of Excellence at the University of Szeged is supported by the European Union and co-financed by the European Regional Fund. 19

21 ABSTRACTS OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS 20

22 LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS P1: László Kredics, Balázs Leitgeb, Sándor Kocsubé, Lóránt Hatvani, László Manczinger, Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Dorin Tărău, Csaba Vágvölgyi, András Szekeres: DISTRIBUTION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION AND BIOCONTROL ABILITIES WITHIN TRICHODERMA POPULATIONS FROM THE SOIL OF WINTER WHEAT FIELDS P2: László Kredics, László Manczinger, Péter Körmöczi, Lucian Dumitru Niţă, Dorin Tărău, Csaba Vágvölgyi, András Szekeres: THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TRICHODERMA POPULATIONS IN THE SOIL OF HUNGARIAN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS P3: László Kredics, Shahram Naeimi, Sándor Kocsubé, Sayyed Mahmood Okhovvat, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah, László Manczinger, Csaba Vágvölgyi: SCAR (SEQUENCE CHARACTERIZED AMPLIFIED REGION) MARKERS FOR THE SPECIFIC MONITORING OF A BIOCONTROL TRICHODERMA STRAIN IN THE SOIL P4: Shahram Naeimi, Sayyed Mahmood Okhovvat, Mohammad Javan-Nikkhah, Vahid Khosravi, László Manczinger, Csaba Vágvölgyi, László Kredics: BIOLOGICAL RICE SHEATH BLIGHT CONTROL WITH SOIL- AND PHYLLOSPHERE-DERIVED TRICHODERMA STRAINS P5: Tamás Petkovits, Stella A. Kovács, Ildikó Nyilasi, László G. Nagy, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Tamás Papp: MORTIERELLACEAE, A TYPICAL FUNGAL GROUP OF SOIL SAMPLES P6: Miklós Takó, Alexandra Kotogán, Brigitta Németh, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Tamás Papp: PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR LIPASE ENZYMES BY ZYGOMYCETOUS FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SOIL P7: Beáta Tóth, János Varga, É. Toldi Tóth, Éva Kótai, Márta Török, Sándor Kocsubé, Gyöngyi Szigeti, Nikolett Baranyi, Ákos Mesterházy: OCCURRENCE AND POPULATION STRUCTURE OF SOIL- AND AIRBORNE ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS ISOLATES INFECTING MAIZE IN SOUTHERN HUNGARY P8: János Varga, Sándor Kocsubé, Gyöngyi Szigeti, Tibor Bartók, Beáta Tóth: ROLE OF SOIL- AND AIRBORNE BLACK ASPERGILLI IN FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION OF RAISINS OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN P9: János Varga, Sándor Kocsubé, Gyöngyi Szigeti, Beáta Tóth, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Tibor Bartók: SOIL-BORNE ASPERGILLUS AWAMORI CAUSES BLACK MOLD ROT AND FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION IN ONIONS IN HUNGARY P10: János Varga, Sándor Kocsubé, Gyöngyi Szigeti, Beáta Tóth, Csaba Vágvölgyi, Tibor Bartók: SOIL- AND AIRBORNE BLACK ASPERGILLI AND FUMONISIN CONTAMINATION OF FIGS AND DATES PURCHASED IN HUNGARY P11: Enikő Sajben, László Manczinger, Csaba Vágvölgyi: INVESTIGATION OF BACTERIAL COMMUNITIES OF THE SOIL WITH A NEW RISA METHOD 21

23 P-1 DISTRIBUTION OF EXTRACELLULAR ENZYME PRODUCTION AND BIOCONTROL ABILITIES WITHIN TRICHODERMA POPULATIONS FROM THE SOIL OF WINTER WHEAT FIELDS László Kredics 1, Balázs Leitgeb 2, Sándor Kocsubé 1, Lóránt Hatvani 1, László Manczinger 1, Lucian Dumitru Niţă 3, Dorin Tărău 4, Csaba Vágvölgyi 1, András Szekeres 5 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 2 Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary 3 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 4 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania 5 FumoPrep LtD., Mórahalom, Hungary The species belonging to the filamentous fungal genus Trichoderma are well known to be potential biopesticide candidates for agricultural application. Several Trichoderma strains have been reported to be effective in promoting plant growth and in controlling plant diseases, and the action of fungal hydrolytic enzymes is considered as the main mechanism involved in the biocontrol process including antagonism, mycoparasitism and competition. One hundred and ten Trichoderma strains were isolated from roots of winter wheat grown in agricultural fields of southern Hungary from different defined test holes. The strains were investigated under noninductive conditions for the production of β-xylosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, β- galactosidase, β-cellobiosidase, trypsin- and chymotripsin-like proteases and N-acetyl-βglucosaminidase, which are extracellular enzymes important for the biocontrol activity. The secretion of enzymes was revealed by means of specific chromogenic p-nitroanilide and p- nitrophenyl substrates (Sigma). Some of the examined enzymes were secreted constitutively and their amounts showed high variability among the isolates. Biocontrol properties of the full sample set were tested in vitro on both yeast extract and minimal media against Fusarium culmorum NRRL 29371, a significant pathogen of wheat. Direct confrontation assay was applied for recording the inhibition effect which was expressed as the value of biocontrol index (BCI) calculated from the image analysis of ratio of the area of pathogen colonies. A modified plant pathogen aggressiveness test was carried out on wheat seeds for the investigation of reduction in disease severity in the presence of Trichoderma strains. After collecting the biocontrol properties and extracellular enzyme secretion data, the relationships and correlations were examined by statistical analysis among the biocontrol efficiencies, the productions of several extracellular enzymes and the location of isolation. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 22

24 P-2 THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF TRICHODERMA POPULATIONS IN THE SOIL OF HUNGARIAN WINTER WHEAT FIELDS László Kredics 1, László Manczinger 1, Péter Körmöczi 1, Lucian Dumitru Niţă 2, Dorin Tărău 3, Csaba Vágvölgyi 1, András Szekeres 4 1 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary 2 Banat University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Timişoara, Romania 3 Office of Pedological and Agrochemical Studies, Timişoara, Romania 4 FumoPrep LtD., Mórahalom, Hungary A total of 116 Trichoderma strains were isolated from roots of winter wheat from test holes of five agricultural fields in the Pannonian Plain. The identity of the strains was examined based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region by the oligonucleotide BarCode for Hypocrea/Trichoderma (TrichOKEY 2.0) and BLAST similarity searches. The 11 taxa detected in the samples were T. harzianum, T. pleuroticola, T. tomentosum/t. cerinum, T. virens, T. rossicum, T. spirale and T. brevicompactum from section Pachybasium B, T. atroviride, T. gamsii and T. koningiopsis/t. ovalisporum from section Trichoderma and T. longibrachiatum/h. orientalis from section Longibrachiatum of the genus. The most frequently isolated species was T. harzianum with 41 isolates representing a series of known ITS genotypes as well as 2 genotypes that were firstly obtained during this study. Both T. virens (31 isolates) and T. atroviride (9 isolates) could be classified into 2 ITS-genotypes, one of them being identical with that of the ex-type strains in the cases of both species. Ten isolates proved to belong to 2 genotypes of T. rossicum, one of them has not been found so far. The remaining 7 species were isolated with a lower frequency. Isoenzyme analysis by cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) was performed for the full set of Trichoderma strains isolated from the rhizosphere of winter wheat. Thirty-eight electromorphs belonging to 26 electrophoretic types could be determined based on the running patterns of five selected enzymes. Several species could be characterized with well-defined CAE-patterns. The examined wheat field rhizosphere samples could be characterized with a remarkable biodiversity. Besides a large number of isolates belonging to Trichoderma species of biocontrol significance, representatives of mushroom- and human pathogenic Trichoderma species were also found during this study. The SOILMAP project is co-financed by the European Union through the Hungary-Romania Cross-Border Co-operation Programme (HURO/0901/058/2.2.2). 23