FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA HUNGARICA ROVARTANI KÖZLEMÉNYEK Volume 74 2013 pp. 111 121 Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Duna Ipoly National Park Directorate, H-1021 Budapest, Költő utca 21, Hungary. E-mail: szvalent@gmail.com Abstract Hungarian locality records of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873), a weevil considered to be rare in Europe, are summarised. Research carried out after 2010 significantly extended the data about the species in Hungary as well as its know distribution. Observations on the biology of this beetle are also included. With 4 figures. Key words distribution, faunistical records, Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum, Sibinia beckeri, weevils INTRODUCTION The genus Sibinia Germar, 1817 comprises 120 Palaearctic and 100 Nearctic as well as South African species (Endrődi 1971, Oberprieler et al. 2007). The Palaearctic species develop mainly in members of different genera of the family Caryophyllaceae (e.g. Dianthus, Gypsophila, Melandrium, Minuartia, Petrorhagia, Silene, Spergularia). The larvae feed on the seeds in the ovary. Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) is considered a very rare species in the Carpathian Basin and also in Hungary, and the Hungarian publications provide only numbers of specimens collected (Endrődi 1971, 1986). There is insufficient information published on the species in the foreign literature (e.g. Krátky 2011). The distribution of this species ranges from Central and Southern Europe to Central Asia, concentrating largely to the Mediterranean region within Europe. In our present knowledge, Sibinia beckeri in Europe occurs only in Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, southern Russia, Italy and Greece (Caldara 2004, Krátky 2011). The northern edge of the Pannonian biogeographical region forms the northern limit of its distribution. It is worthy of note that the latest checklist of the weevil fauna of the former Czechoslovakia (Benedikt et al. 2010) does not
112 mention the species from that region. Sibinia beckeri was found only in 2009 as a new species for the Slovakian fauna (Krátky 2011) in alkaline grasslands by the settlement of Kamenín, only 12 km from the border of Hungary. Unlike the majority of the Sibinia species, the larva of Sibinia beckeri develops in sea lavender, Limonium species (Caldara 1979, Caldara & Alonso- Zarazaga 2010, Krátky 2011), in Hungary in Limonium gmelinii (Willd.) Kuntze subsp. hungaricum (Klokov) Soó (Plumbaginaceae). Aware of this fact, connected to other research programs the author had the possibility to study the Limonium populations of several Hungarian alkaline grasslands as potential localities of Sibinia beckeri. The present study includes the so far achieved results of this work. Abbreviations Specimen depositories: CAP = private collection of Attila Podlussány, Budapest; CVS = private collection of Valentin Szénási, Isaszeg; HNHM = Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest (curator: Ottó Merkl). Other abbreviation: sfsl = swept from sea lavender. MATERIALS AND METHODS The few specimens deposited in the Coleoptera Collection of the HNHM were collected before 1980. Of the specimens found outside present-day Hungary nine came from the Transylvanian part of Romania. Finding more exact localities for further two specimens labelled Russia, 1873 is not possible. A specimen without date of collection (leg. Smreczynski) is labelled Wolin. This area is currently located in North Poland, in West Pomerania Province. Although the labelling of the specimen does not seem unreliable, neither the latest Polish checklist (Wanat & Mokrzycki 2005) nor the webpage of Borowiec (2013) mention the species from Poland. Further specimens have their origins from Hungary, mainly from the period between 1952 75, in three different locations of the Danube Tisza Interfluve (Dömsöd-Apajpuszta, Hajós, Kalocsa) and in the Hortobágy (Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta). The label data of the specimens found in the past years are presented in the chapter Results. Two of them have already been published (Szénási 2012), however, to have an overall picture we cite those here again. We have to note that a significant number of the older specimens deposited in the HNHM Coleoptera Collection were identified incorrectly. Sibinia beckeri specimens were usually misidentified as Tychius species, which were revised by Attila Podlussány in the 2000s. The beetles were collected with sweep nets. In some cases, the beetles were taken directly from the host plants after observation and taking photographs. From each locality at least one specimen was deposited in the author s private
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 113 collection; several specimens were donated also to the HNHM. When specimens were found in the field, the date, place and method of the collection, name of the collector and WGS84 coordinates were recorded. The names of the plant taxa are used according to Király (2009). RESULTS The Hungarian localities are depicted in Fig. 1. The WGS84 coordinates of the localities are listed in Table 1. After 1997 we could give the exact coordinates of localities, while before 1997 only approximate coordinates are given. The number of collected specimens and the abbreviation of the specimen depository are in parentheses. Locality data outside Hungary Russia Russia, 1873, leg. E. Merkl (2, HNHM). Poland Wolin, unknown date, leg. Smreczynski (3, HNHM). Romania Kolozs [= Cojocna], unknown date, leg. Horváth (3, HNHM); Kolozs [= Cojocna], unknown date, leg. Csiki (4, HNHM); Szamosfalva [= Someşe ni, now part of Cluj], unknown date, leg. Horváth (2, HNHM). Fig 1. Distribution of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary
114 Table 1. WGS84 coordinates of the localities of Sibinia beckerei (Desbrochers, 1873) Collecting locality Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Aba, Szigetek 47 00 45 18 31 38 Abony, 4-es főút mente 47 11 07 19 55 52 Abony, Gerece-szék 47 09 24 19 57 04 Abony, Kaszálóerdő 47 10 44 19 57 37 Abony, Lenge-nádas-dűlő 47 08 44 19 58 38 Abony, Perje-főcsatorna mente 47 08 40 19 57 41 Abony, Világos-dűlő 47 11 25 19 56 37 Alattyán, Berek-erdő 47 24 33 20 02 43 Alattyán, Kis-Kút-lapos 47 25 31 20 05 22 Alattyán, Kunere-dűlő 47 24 49 20 02 11 Albertirsa, 4-es főút mente 47 15 30 19 37 29 Besenyőtelek, Pástra-járó-dűlő 47 41 26 20 27 08 Budapest, XI. kerület, Kőérberki szikesek 47 27 19 18 59 53 Cegléd, Cigány-szék 47 12 03 19 47 39 Cegléd, Csurgói-dűlő környéke 47 11 29 19 50 46 Cegléd, Nagy-szék 47 12 53 19 52 05 Csány, Szarv-ágy mente 47 39 39 19 50 59 Dömsöd, Apakpuszta 47 05 19 03 Dunatetétlen, Nagymaka 46 46 58 19 07 03 Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget I. 47 21 52 19 49 51 Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget II. 47 21 52 19 49 42 Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget III. 47 21 48 19 49 42 Farmos, gátőrház 47 21 36 19 49 35 Gyula, Galéria-erdő 46 41 18 21 24 23 Gyula, Pince-halom 46 37 58 21 19 07 Hajós 46 24 19 03 Hortobágy, Kékesi-hodály környéke 47 35 21 21 02 09 Hortobágy, Kékes 47 35 33 21 02 07 Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta 47 35 21 02 Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő 47 26 11 19 58 44 Jászárokszállás, Gyarok-part dűlő 47 36 30 19 54 26 Jászberény, Borsóhalmi-rét 47 32 02 19 55 36 Jászberény, Hajta-mocsár 47 28 11 19 47 58 Jászboldogháza, Tápió-mente 47 19 07 20 00 50 Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom környéke 47 31 34 19 41 58 Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom-dűlő 47 31 43 19 42 45 Jászkarajenő, Csárda-laposa 47 02 35 20 03 47 Kalocsa 46 30 18 57
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 115 Table 1 (continued) Collecting locality Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Karcag, Rainer-föld 47 17 32 20 55 17 Nádudvar, Büte-halom környéke 47 24 58 21 07 55 Nagykáta, Bata-tó 47 27 21 19 48 24 Nagykáta, Disznótúrási-tó 47 23 25 19 48 11 Nagykáta, Jakab-rét I. 47 26 47 19 44 38 Nagykáta, Jakab-rét II. 47 26 58 19 44 38 Nagykáta, Meggyes-halom 47 25 18 19 48 11 Poroszló, Kivételesek dűlője 47 38 54 20 37 37 Püspökladány, Kincses-halom környéke 47 19 47 21 05 20 Rákóczifalva, Felsővarsány 47 05 04 20 12 27 Sárbogárd, Tarack-dűlő 46 52 36 18 36 32 Sárbogárd, Vojános-tó környéke 46 53 26 18 36 31 Sárkeresztúr, Sárkány-tói dűlő 46 59 15 18 31 07 Sárkeresztúr, Sárrét 47 00 03 18 32 03 Seregélyes, Vindics-dűlő 47 07 53 18 34 22 Szabadszállás, Józan-dűlő 46 51 15 19 14 01 Szentlőrinckáta, Hajta-part 47 30 23 19 44 18 Szentlőrinckáta, Lopocsik-föld 47 30 21 19 42 35 Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek I. 47 26 45 19 44 34 Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek II. 47 26 53 19 44 32 Tápióbicske, Fehér-tó 47 22 03 19 39 27 Tápióság, Dolláros-rét 47 22 28 19 36 44 Tápiószele, Halomsírok 47 20 30 19 51 53 Tápiószentmárton, Göböly-járás 47 24 03 19 49 17 Tápiószentmárton, Kő-kút 47 22 57 19 49 17 Tiszafüred, Kilátó-legelő 47 34 46 20 51 15 Tiszafüred, Kócsújfalu 47 32 53 20 55 43 Tiszajenő, Sváb-legelő 47 00 10 20 07 22 Tiszaszőlős, Örvényi-főcsatorna mente 47 34 42 20 44 05 Tiszaújváros, Kocsordos 47 54 15 21 07 12 Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta I. 47 30 30 19 41 46 Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta 47 30 20 19 42 12 Tószeg, Pákra-hát 47 05 43 20 04 36 Törtel, külterület, szikes legelő 47 06 51 19 57 56 Törtel, Perje-főcsatorna mente 47 08 38 19 57 39 Túrkeve, Túrkeddi-híd 47 03 51 20 43 48 Újszász, Laposi-legelő 47 16 26 20 05 31
116 Locality data from Hungary Bács-Kiskun county Dunatetétlen, Nagymaka, 19.VIII.2012, leg. (2, CVS); Hajós, unknown date and collector (4, HNHM); Szabadszállás, Józandűlő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2012, leg. (2, CVS); Kalocsa, unknown date, leg. Speiser (4, HNHM). Békés county Gyula, Galéria-erdő, 30.VI.1998, leg. B. Nagy (1, CAP); Gyula, Pince-halom, 16.VIII.2011, leg. A. Márkus (1, CVS). Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county Tiszaújváros, Kocsordos, 26.VII.1995, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP). Budapest XI. kerület [= district], Kőérberki szikesek, 28.V.2012, leg. O. Merkl (3, HNHM). Fejér county Aba, Szigetek, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Sárbogárd, Tarack-dűlő, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Sárbogárd, Vojános-tó környéke, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Sárkeresztúr, Sárkány-tói dűlő, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Sárkeresztúr, Sárrét, sfsl, 14.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Seregélyes, Vindics-dűlő, sfsl, 25.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS). Hajdú-Bihar county Hortobágy National Park, Hortobágy-Máta, Zámpuszta, Sároséri-halom, 7.VII.1975, leg. E. Hámori (1, CAP); Hortobágy National Park, Hortobágy-Máta, Zám-puszta, Sároséri-halom, 8 9.VII.1975, leg. E. Hámori (1, HNHM); Hortobágy, Kékesi-hodály környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Hortobágy, Kékes, 27.V.1998, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP); Nádudvar, Hortobágy, Büte-halom környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Püspökladány, Hortobágy, Kincses-halom környéke, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS). Heves county Besenyőtelek, Pástra-járó-dűlő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. V. Szénási (1, CVS); Csány, Szarv-ágy mente, sfsl, 1.IX.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Poroszló, Kivételesek dűlője, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS). Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county Alattyán, Berek-erdő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Alattyán, Kis-Kút-lapos, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (2, CVS); Alattyán, Kunere-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Jászárokszállás, Gyarok-part-dűlő, sfsl, 1.IX.2012, leg. A. Németh, (1, CVS); Jászberény, Borsóhalmi-rét, sfsl, 1.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Jászberény, Hajtamocsár, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Jászboldogháza, Tápió-mente, sfsl, 9.V.2010, leg. (1, CVS); Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom környéke, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Jászfényszaru, Szék-halom dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Karcag, Hortobágy, Rainerföld, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Rákóczifalva, Felsővarsány,
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 117 16.VIII.2004, leg. G. Hegyessy (1, CAP); Tiszafüred, Hortobágy, Kilátó-legelő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tiszafüred, Kócsújfalu, Hortobágy, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tiszajenő, Sváb-legelő, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tiszaszőlős, Örvényi-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 19.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tószeg, Pákra-hát, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Túrkeve, Túrkeddi-híd, 22.IX.1997, leg. A. Podlussány (1, CAP); Újszász, Laposi-legelő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS). Pest county Abony, 4-es főút mente, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Abony, Gerece-szék, sfsl, 26.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Abony, Kaszálóerdő, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Abony, Lenge-nádasdűlő, sfsl, 26.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Abony, Perje-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Abony, Világos-dűlő, sfsl, 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Albertirsa, 4-es főút mente, sóvirágról egyelve [= singled from sea lavender], 3.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Cegléd, Cigány-szék, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Cegléd, Csurgói-dűlő környéke, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Cegléd, Nagy-szék, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 17.VIII.2012, leg. (3, CVS); Dömsöd, Apajpuszta, szikes növényzetről fűhálózva [= swept in salt vegetations], 1952, leg. L. Kaszab (1, HNHM); Farmos, Bivalyos-sziget, szikes réten fűhálózva [= swept in salt meadows], 9.VIII.2010., 17.VIII.2012., 6.VIII.2013, sfsl, leg. (3, CVS); Farmos, gátőrház, sfsl, 12.IX.2013, leg. (4, CVS); Jászkarajenő, Csárda-laposa, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Bata-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Disznótúrási-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Nagykáta, Jakab-rét, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS, 3, HNHM); Nagykáta, Meggyes-halom, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Szentlőrinckáta, Hajta-part, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, leg. (2, CVS); Szentlőrinckáta, Lopocsik-föld, sfsl, 12.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Szentmártonkáta, Bíbicfészek, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tápióbicske, Fehér-tó, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Tápióság, Dolláros-rét, sfsl, 29.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Tápiószele, halomsírok, 1.VII.2009, leg. (1, CVS); Tápiószentmárton, Göböly-járás, sfsl, 30.VIII.2012, leg. (1, CVS); Tápiószentmárton, Kőkút, sfsl, 24.VII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Tóalmás, Boldogkáta-puszta, sfsl, 28.VIII.2012, 12.IX.2013, leg. (1, CVS, 1, HNHM); Törtel, külterület, szikes legelő, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS); Törtel, Perje-főcsatorna mente, sfsl, 31.VIII.2013, leg. (1, CVS).
118 DISCUSSION The collecting localities outline the distribution of Sibinia beckeri in Hungary, and allow drawing conclusions on its further potential habitats. Formerly being considered as rare, in its suitable habitats (Fig. 2) this species is widely distributed and occurs in large numbers. Its distribution in Hungary overlaps with the area of alkaline grasslands and especially the distribution of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum. In Fejér county and within the boundaries of Budapest even the Limonium populations of smaller and isolated alkaline grassland patches provide the species adequate habitats. Its most extreme occurrences include sporadic individuals of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum settled by the roadsides due to wintertime road salting (these can be at several ten kilometres distance from the true alkaline grassland habitats). These plants can house a smaller Sibinia beckeri population each, which can survive persistently. At the same time, we failed to detect this weevil species from the large alkaline grasslands of Győr-Moson-Sopron county near the Neusiedler See (Fertő tó) because of the absence of Limonium gmelinii subsp. hungaricum (in the Austrian Fig 2. Typical habitat of Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873): Jánoshida, Kapcaszárító-dűlő (photo: )
Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) 119 part of the Neusiedler See there is only one small Limonium population that we have not studied so far). We could not cover evenly all areas during our research, so especially Békés, Bács-Kiskun, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Csongrád and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties remained underrepresented. However, based on our previous results, this weevil species is most likely present even in these areas with similar frequency, as we succeeded to find it in every studied Limonium population. Sibinia beckeri is a species with a wide temporal distribution of swarming: adults can be found on their host plant from the beginning of May to the first frosts at the end of October. The adult usually stays on the ovary of the flower (Fig. 3). It drills a hole into the ovary and deposits its eggs in there. The adult is well-camouflaged: its colour, size and shape is very similar to the ovary. In the material collected by sweep net it is particularly difficult to distinguish the motionless animals from the ovaries of the plants. When disturbed (e.g. while photos are taken of them), the animals press themselves close to the tightly located ovaries so they are almost impossible to detect (Fig. 4). The individuals drop themselves to the ground only if all hiding attempts fail. If the weather is unfavourable, the weevils move to the ground and take shelter between the basal leaves of the sea lavender. The surveyed Limonium populations support Sibinia beckeri populations in large individual numbers: during sweep-netting often 10 to 15 specimens were caught with a few sweeps. However, in the mown Limonium populations we observed far lower population density as the flowering Limonium individuals which are essential for the reproduction of Sibinia beckeri are absent there. In the future, we intend to survey the areas, which were still unvisited as of the submission of this manuscript. The survey on the Austrian part of Neusiedler See is our priority, as this would be the westernmost occurrence of the species known so far. A further objective is the survey of populations of Limonium sinuatum (L.) Mill., a species cultivated and sold as an ornamental plant in Hungary, because this can be a potential host for Sibinia beckeri as well. * Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who helped complete this study. Thanks are due to Ottó Merkl (HNHM) for advice and for the possibility to review and use the HNHM Coleoptera Collection; to Attila Podlussány (Budapest) for generously submitting the data of the Sibinia beckeri specimens deposited in his private collection. I owe thanks to my colleagues Annamária Csóka (Duna Ipoly National Park Directorate, Budapest) for the English translation and Sándor Bérces (Duna Ipoly National Park Directorate, Budapest) for producing the map illustration. I thank also Nikola Rahmé for taking the beetle photos, András Márkus (Gyula) who collected weevils for me, Tamás Németh for his manifold help in the compilation of this paper and András Németh (Gödöllő) for accompanying me on some of my collection trips.
120 3 4 Figs 3 4. Sibinia beckeri (Desbrochers, 1873) in sea lavender flowers (photo: N. Rahmé)
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