Szövegértés, fordítás, tömörítés, a közép- és felsőfokú angol nyelvvizsgákra

Átírás

1 GARETH DEWAR-SUSÁNSZKY BEÁTA Szövegértés, fordítás, tömörítés, a közép- és felsőfokú angol nyelvvizsgákra LEXIKA K IADÓ

2 Gareth Dewar-Susánszky Beáta Lexika Tankönyvkiadó 8000 Székesfehérvár, Martinovics u. 9. Tel., fax: (22) http: // Minisztériumi engedély száma: / 10/96. XI. Rendelési kód: LX-0016 ISBN Szerző: Gareth Dewar - Susánszky Beáta Alkotószerkesztő: Dr. Szalai Elek Szövegfeldolgozás: DIPOLAR Kft. Nyomtatta és kötötte a Reálszisztéma Dabasi Nyomda Rt. Felelős vezető: Dr. Hall Géza vezérigazgató Munkaszám:

3 ELŐSZÓ Könyvünk az angol nyelvi, közép- és felsőfokú B típusú állami nyelvvizsgára való felkészüléshez kíván segítséget nyújtani. A benne található szövegek és feladatok a vizsgáknak összesen hat részére terjednek ki. Ezek középfokon: a szövegértés, angolról magyarra és magyarról angolra fordítás; felsőfokon pedig: a szövegértés, angolról magyarra fordítás és magyar szöveg tömörítése angol nyelven. Minden feladathoz megoldási mintát is közlünk, ezek a könyv végén találhatók. A fordítások és a tartalmi összefoglalások esetében ezek természetesen csak egy változatot jelentenek a lehetséges jó megoldások közül. A szerzők szándéka szerint a gyakorló könyv felhasználható az otthoni, egyéni felkészüléshez, de beilleszthető a gimnáziumi tananyagba, illetve haladó szintű és vizsgaelőkészítő tanfolyamok tananyagába is. A könyv használatához sok sikert kívánnak a Szerzők

4 Acknowledgements We are grateful to the following fór their kind permission to reproduce copyright materiül: The Guardian, the Daily Mirror; The Observer, The Sun, Magyar Nemzet, Heti Világgazdaság, TermészetBÚVÁR, Köztársaság. We alsó thank István Dezsényi fór his help. Köszönetnyilvánítás A szerzők köszönetüket fejezik ki az alábbiaknak, amiért szíves engedélyüket adták az általuk megjelentetett cikkek másodközléséhez: The Guardian, the Daily Mirror, The Observer, The Sun, Magyar Nemzet, Heti Világgazdaság, TermészetBÚVÁR, Köztársaság. Köszönet továbbá Dezsényi Istvánnak a segítségéért.

5 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 5 AZ OLVASOTT SZÖVEG ÉRTÉSE KÖZÉPFOKON Olvassa el a szöveget és válaszoljon magyarul a feltett kérdésekre! SCHOOLKID HAD SECRET BABY AS PARENTS SLEPT NEXT DOOR THE schoolgirl műm of the baby dumped on a golf course gave birth in her bedroom... while her unsuspecting parents slept on next door. Little Christopher, as he was later named by nurses, did nőt cry once after he was born at 5am. And his 14-year-old mother managed to smuggle her secret són out of the house before her parents woke. The amazing story was revealed yesterday by police investigating the case after two young brothers found the freezing tót on the golf course. The gymslip műm, whose parents had no idea she was pregnant, never intended to abandon her baby, said Det Insp Dávid Gilbert. She took him first to a friend s house, naively hoping they could raise him together in secret. Bút when the friend was out she panicked, and laid the baby under a bush on the golf course in Worksop, Notts. Mr Gibert added: She planned to collect him later. Bút a family commitment meant she was unable to go back. Meanwhile, her parents were following baby Christopher s story in the news - never imagining their daughter was his műm. Mr Gilbert added: She was afraid to disclose her pregnancy to her mother. She waited fór the right moment to come along bút it never did. We are satisfied that the parents were nőt negligent in any way. The girl only owned up after she was quizzed by police at the weekend. She has asked to see her 61b loz baby, who is making good progress in hospital. Council family policies boss Rod Jones said little Christopher s future would be decided after consultation between social workers, the young műm and her parents. The family in this case are in a State of trauma, he added. There is a level of naivety and simplicity of thought in this case. JIM OLDFIELD DAILY MIRROR

6 6 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 1. Hol jött világra az újszülött?. 2. Mikor született? 3. Miért sikerülhetett a fiatal anyának kivinni az újszülöttet a házból? 4. Szándékában állt a fiatal anyának megtartani a gyermeket? 5. Miért hagyta a csecsemőt a golfpályán? 6. Miért nem tudott elmenni a később a csecsemőért a golfpályára? 7. Miért nem mondta meg az édesanyjának, hogy terhes? 8. Hogy van most a csecsemő? 9. Hogyan fogják eldönteni a gyermek sorsát? CUS-TEDDY BATTLE BOSS HUGH SUES EX OVER WHO GETS BEARS COMPANY boss Hugh Pilkington-Cushion is suing his ex-wife - fór the return of his two favourite teddies. He claims teacher Jane Thomas took bears Henry and Nautie after claiming in her divorce petition that he showed more affection to them than to her. Hugh, 51, says she moved them from their house in New Maidén, Surrey, to her new home in Helston, Cornwall. He is believed to have spent 4000 so far in his bid fór custody of the pair, plus 13 other cuddly toys and antique furniture. He said: Jane and I just weren t compatible. Bút these bears are mine and I want them. I only have eight left. I never had a teddy as a child. They are great comforters and ice breakers. I give them to all my friends. Advertising chief Hugh even pút up 300 posters near his home reading: Wife cites teddy as co-respondent. Devastated husband seeks care and control order. Hugh explained: It allowed me to let off steam and caused quite a stir. Jane, 43, said the bears were always in the marital bed. She added: Hugh used to cuddle them fór hours. Soon after the wedding I realised he was so obsessed with them that he ignored me. I cannot comment on any other claim he is trying to make. The couple wed on a boát packed with teddies in 1988 and divorced two years later. Hugh has since married his fifth wife - Sandra. He says she accepts my lőve of teddy bears without question. RÓBERTKELLAW AY THE SUN 1. Miért pereli Pilkington-Cushion a volt feleségét? 2. Mennyi pénzt költött eddig Pilkington-Cushion? 3. Összesen mi mindent szeretne visszakapni az elvált feleségétől?

7 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 7 4. Pilkington-Cushion állítása szerint mi volt a válásuk oka? 5. Hány mackója maradt? 6. Milyen reakciót váltottak ki a környékbeliekben Pilkington-Cushion falragaszai? 7. Milyen céllal helyezte el azokat? 8. Miért ellenezte a feleség olyan erősen a játékmackókat? 9. Mennyi ideig voltak házasok? MILI.IONAIRE SHOT DEAD BY BIKF ASSASSIN PROPERTY tycoon Donald Urquhart was gunned down in front of his beautiful girlfriend by a hitman on a motorbike. The assassin pumped three bullets intő the multi-millionaire as he strolled along a Central London Street. As 55-year-old Mr Urquhart lay dying in his Malaysian lover s arms, the assassin fled on the bike. Last night detectives were studying the victim s recent business deals to find out if a rival hired the killer. Mr Urquhart is thought to have been a boss of the property firm Lucky Strike. He was alsó a director of Elstree Golf Club in Herts. A neighbour claimed he once fled London after a deal went wrong. There were rumours of a lót of money being involved, he added. The gunman is thought to have stalked Mr Urquhart as he drank at the Queen s Head pub - yards from his 1 millión Marylebone fiat. Then as the tycoon walked down the High Street to a deli he was blasted at point-blank rangé. One buliét shattered his jaw and blew part of his cheek away. Another hit his temple. He died hours after Saturday s shooting. Police were last night quizzing his girlfriend in Paddington. Queen s Head barman Mark Taylor, 35 said of Mr Urquhart: He was a cheerful sort of chap who wouldn t say boo to a goose. IÁN HEPBURNAND MIKE FIELDER THE SUN 1. Milyen üzletágban tevékenykedett Urquhart? 2. Kivel volt Urquhart, amikor megölték? 3. Hol történt a gyilkosság? 4. Hogyan menekült el a gyilkos? 5. A rendőrség feltételezése szerint, ki lehetett a gyilkos? 6. Mivel bizonyítható, hogy Urquhart veszélyes életmódot folytatott? 7. Hol volt Urquhart, mielőtt lelőtték? 8. Milyen közel volt Urquhart a gyilkoshoz, amikor lelőtték?

8 8 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS i ANOTHER Dl... ANOTHER SWIMSUIT PRINCESS Di has made a huge splash on her Caribbean holiday - by donning a different swimsuit every day. On the first three days of her sunshine break she wowed the world s press by wearing two bikinis and a sexy one-piece costume. Fitness fan Di, 31, has been rising at 7am fór a 45-minute session in her hotel pool and alsó enjoys romping in the warm surf. And all the sün and exercise is giving her a keen appetite - ending fears that her eating disorder bulimia had reappeared. She has pút on somé weight and staff at the 250-a-night Montpelier Plantation Inn say she and sons Wills and Harry lőve local food. They have lunch by the poolside and feast on melón, pineapple, coconut, salads and fish. The Royal party is the talk of the island, even stealing the limelight from movie star Sly Stallone when he stopped off in his yacht. Yesterday, Di again had on the favourite black costume she wore on day two of the holiday. A friend back in London said: She has phoned to say that she is happier than fór a long time. Observers say Di, 31, will emerge from this trip a new woman. Royal expert Margaret Holder said: The distance it has pút between her and the Prince of Wales has given her a huge lift. There has been a zoom in her personal confidence. Psychologist Dávid Lewis said: She is behaving like an animal that was caged and is now free. She feels liberated, both from an unhappy relationship and the stern protocol of Royal life. WAYNE FRANCIS THE SUN 1. Mi az, ami a hercegnő viselkedésében leginkább izgatja a sajtót? 2. Hány órakor kel fel a hercegnő? 3. Hol szokott úszni? 4. Teljesen kigyógyult a bulimiából? 5. Mennyibe kerül a szállás a hotelban, ahol lakik? 6. Csökkent-e az emberek érdeklődése a hercegnő iránt valamelyest, amikor Stallone megérkezett? 7. Hányszor hordta eddig a hercegnő a fekete fürdőruháját? 8. Hogyan hatott a nyaralás a hercegnő önbizalmára?

9 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 9 TANGOED GIRL, 14, SCARRED FÓR LIFE SCHOOLGIRL Maria Kerr was scarred fór life after a pal boxed her ears like the genie in the Tango drink ad. Now műm Jackie is threatening to sue Tango s makers Britvic fór compensation. Maria, 14, was sitting in eláss when a boy of 13 crept up and slapped her round the face, yelling: You ve been Tangoed! He was copying the orange genie from the TV ad who leapt from behind a phone box to slap a Tango drinker s cheeks. Within a few days a cyst grew on Maria s face. She needed an operation to remove it and was left with a three-inch scar. Specialists confirmed the cyst was caused by a blow. Maria said yesterday: It really húrt me and I was very upset. Britvic should have realised children would copy the advert. My scar could be there fór ever. People ask, What s that on your face? I get very embarrassed. Mrs Kerr, 35, of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, said: The advert shouldn t have been sereened. The ad was serapped last year because so many kids copied it. Parents and teachers complained victims were being given perforated eardrums. Britvic spokeswoman Alison Heads said: We did nőt sereen it during children s programmes. Craig Gittings, 10, of Stockport, Greater Manchester, claims he suffered a perforated eardrum after being Tangoed. KIERON SAUNDERS THE SUN 1. Mi történik akkor, ha Maria anyja megnyeri a pert a Britvic ellen? 2. Hány éves Maria? 3. Miért ütötte meg a fiú Mariát? 4. Miért kellett Mariát megoperálni? 5. Miért van zavarban Maria? 6. Látható-e még a szóban forgó reklám? 7. Mivel védekezik a Britvic? CLOWN LIFTS ONE-TON CÁR OFF TÓT SMARTY the magic elown pulled off his greatest trick ever when he lifted a one-ton crashed cár off a little girl. Then Smarty - children s entertainer Richard Thompson, 41 - saved her with the kiss of life, which he had only seen done on television. Richard was frantically flagged down by three-year-old Sheenika Webb s family as he drove to a show. Their Ford Orion had careered off the A1 at Upton, Cambs, and flipped over intő a wateiy ditch. Sheenika was flung out and ended

10 10 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS up under the roof with only her head and an arm sticking out. Richard, of Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, plunged intő the ditch and raised the cár enough fór a passer-by to puli Seenika out. He said last night: I don t know where I got the strength. I work with children and just kept thinking this could be any youngster from my audiences. After Sheenika was pulled out I saw she wasn t breathing. I d never done mouth-to-mouth bút copied what I had seen on the telly and just prayed. It took a long time bút then someone felt a heartbeat. Sheenika was treated fór head injuries at hospital then went home with parents Anthony and Manyeem and sister Devika, 6, from West London. Ambulance superintendent Peter Domek said: If Richard hadn t done the mouth-to-mouth the little girl would have been dead by the time we arrived. \ KEIRON SAUNDERS THE SUN 1. Milyen nehéz volt az autó? 2. Mi Thompson foglalkozása? 3. Milyen helyzetben volt az árokban az autó? 4. Mi volt még az árokban? 5. A kislány az autón kívül vagy belül volt? 6. Ki segített Richardnak a kislány megmentésében? 7. Honnan tudták, hogy a kislány él? 8. Mi történt volna, ha nincs ott Richard, hogy segítsen? ROTTEN NEW YEAR FÓR TOTS SUGAR-RICH drinks said to be safe fór babies have rotted children s teeth. And hundreds of anguished parents are taking the big companies to court this spring in a bid fór compensation. Somé of the makers - among them SmithKline Beecham, Milupa, Boots, Cow and Gate and Robinsons - will argue they pút warnings on the packs. It s likely to be a fierce battle. Our own long-running campaign has added many readers to the long queue of parents demanding recompense fór their kids suffering. Here are two of the many heart-rending stories we have received. Little Alex Curry only has two top teeth. He lost ten in a massive operation when he was three. The trouble started just after Alex s third birthday, when Műm Shelagh, from West Derby, Liverpool, noticed dark marks and yellow patches on his teeth. The teeth seemed to be wearing away, she said. I took him to the

11 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 11 dentist and he asked if I d given him fruit drinks. I mentioned Ribena and he said that was the cause. He d seen lots of cases. I feel really guilty. I ve given him all those drinks. He wasn t to know, he was just a small child. What arinoys me is that I was so careful about sweets. He had only been allowed one a day and I always made sure he brushed his teeth afterwards. Four-year-old Linzi Sutton has lost her six top teeth, and another four molars at the back have been weakened after drinking Ribena as a baby. I could hardly believe it when the dentist told me that was the cause, said Anne Sutton, from Morédon, near Swindon. Fm really cross with the maker of these drinks. There should be legal requirements governing them. I want to make them aware of the plight of all the children who have been through the same as Linzi. DAILY MIRROR 1. Miért van a szülőknek jó okuk arra, hogy bepereljék az üdítő ital gyártókat? 2.. Milyen lehetséges érvvel védekezhetnek a gyártók? 3. Milyen hatásuk volt a Daily Mirror-ban nyilvánosságra hozott tényeknek? 4. Milyen tünetei voltak Alex Curry-nek? 5. Meglepődött-e a fogorvos Alex fogainak láttán? 6. Miért van különösen felháborodva az édesanyja? 7. Hogyan reagált Linzi édesanyja a fogorvos diagnózisára? WAR OF THE ROSES EDWIN and Mary Daubney celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in traditional style.*. with a blazing row. Lancashire lad Edwin and Yorkshire láss Mary proudly reckon they ve had a ding-dong every day of their 50 years together. They agree it s a second War of the Roses - bút that s all they see eye to eye on. They bicker when teetotal Mary, 69, catches Edwin mixing his drinks. They argue when 73-year-old Edwin treads his woodwork sawdust through their home. They quarrel when Edwin, a retired BT engineer, has the radio blaring. And they even have shouting matches over vegetables she loves and he hates em. So naturally, when their four children laid on a surprise golden wedding party, they had a barney. Mary said: Edwin had been on beer bút by the end of the night I could teli he d had a few shorts as well. I gave him a good teliing off and we had another row. Bút the couple of complete opposites have been blissfully happy since their wedding day - in wartime, of course. Fm houseproud, Edwin isn t, great-gran Mary said yesterday at their home in Hadfield, Greater Manchester. He drinks,

12 12 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS I don t. He likes nőise, I like peace and quiet. We argue every day. It s healthy, it stops us bottling things up. My motto is Don t think it, say it. It makes fór a lively marriage and we ve lasted this long without a whiff of separation. You don t want all this lovey-dovey stuff all the time, do you? Edwin was inclined to agree fór once, then he thought better of it. JAN D ISLEY DAILY MIRROR * 1. Hogyan ünnepelte a házaspár a házassági évfordulójukat? 2. Mi az az egyetlen dolog, amiben Edwin és Mary egyetértenek? 3. Milyen gyakran fogyaszt el egy italt Mary? 4. Edwin-nek mely hobbiját említik? 5. Mit ivott Edwin a partin? 6. Mary szerint milyen pozitív hatása van a sok veszekedésnek? 7. Mi Mary mottója? 8. Milyen erős volt a házasságuk az évek során? * THRONE OUT PRINCESS Di has made Prince Charles clear out his belongings from the London home they used to share, it was revealed last night. Determined to remove all trace of Charles from Kensington Palace, she told him to make sure his bags were packed and gone before she flew back from her Caribbean holiday last week. The result was a secret night operation in which a convoy of vans spirited the prince s paintings, furniture, clothes and ornaments down the M4 to Highgrove. The clear-out happened hours before Di returned to the palace, now her solo base. A royal insider said: Diana couldn t stand having the stuff around and insisted Charles s things should be gone when she got back from Nevis. This is the sort of thing that happens to every couple who split up. It is very painful and undignified. Charles stored many of the possessions in Di s old rooms at Highgrove. The Gloüsester mansion is set to become more of a warehouse as the prince spends longer periods in London. And several staff there face early retirement. Meanwhile, reports that Di is ready to give up custody of her sons so that she can start a new life outside the royal family have been denied by her friends and Buckingham Palace. Bút, writes James Whitaker, the princess is fighting a losing battle to be William and Harry s dominant parent as she and Charles head fór divorce. She knows the royal establishment will have the final say on how the boys

13 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 13 grow up. And though she will stay in the fight to keep them, the hands that will guide the second and third in line to the throne will be those of Charles and the Queen. A divorce now seems inevitable. Bút despite the screw being turnéd on Di, I do nőt believe it will happen until after the couple have been separated fór two years. In the meantime, the princess is set to throw herself intő helping victims of famine and war. She is patron of the British Red Cross s youth section and has had long talks with officials about what she can do. Visits to Nepál and Kenya are being considered. And she could go to Somalia to spotlight the plight of starving children there. MARTIN PHILLIPS DAILY MIRROR 1. Hol vakációzott Diana? 2. Miért kellett Charles-nak elvinnie a holmiját a londoni házból? 3. Milyen határidőt kapott erre? 4. Hogyan szállították el Charles holmiját Highgrove-ba? 5. Mi történik a jövőben Highgrove-val és az ott dolgozó emberekkel? 6. A hercegnő barátai szerint hajlandó lesz-e Diana lemondani a gyermekei feletti felügyeletről azért, hogy új életet kezdhessen? 7. Tervei szerint mivel foglalja majd el magát a hercegnő addig, amíg még házasok maradnak? 8. Mely országokba fog esetleg ellátogatni? LOUTS PLAY WITH DEATH IN THE ALPS SPECTATORS crowding mountain passes to watch the Monté Carlo Rally are throwing bottles and gravel in front of cars hurtling intő hairpin bends at up to 115mph to add to their own excitement and pleasure. One spectator has been killed and others have escaped by inches as drivers have lost control and skidded wildly, to the crowds delight. With the closing stages tomorrow, competing teams are complaining that loutish behaviour has turnéd the event intő the most dangerous in its 61-year history. One leading competitor, Bemard Occelli, driving a Toyota, said: The slightest mistake on our part could lead to a massacre. People are just standing anywhere, without thinking. After a straight drive you arrive at 180kph [112mph] on slippery ground and you are unable to catch sight of the turn because of the number of people massed on the road.

14 14 i SZÖVEGÉRTÉS Team Ford Escort led an official protest yesterday, demanding that stewards and police be doubled, bút organisers said there was already an unprecedented 1,400 gendarmes, 200 more than last year, and 26 doctors or paramedics. The sheer number of spectators has caught everyone unprepared: more than 1,000 per kilometre on certain stretches. A mild winter in the Alpes Maritimes has meant the most dangerous sections are easily accessible - and dry. The cars are nőt skidding enough fór somé, who are hurling gravel onto the bends and waiting to see the result. Bottles, snowballs and other projectiles are alsó being thrown at the cars themselves. TONYROCCA THE GUARDIAN 1. Milyen sebeséggel mennek az autók? 2. Mivel teszik egyes nézők olyan veszélyessé a versenyt? 3. Mennyi ideje rendezik meg ezeket a versenyeket? 4. Miért nem látják néha á versenyzők az előttük levő pályát? 5. Milyen megoldást javasoltak a problémára? 6. Mi könnyítette meg a veszélyes útszakaszok megközelítését? 7. Milyen hatása van a száraz utaknak? HITLER S EASEL AND 1914 CHARCOAL SKETCH TO BE AUCTIONED NEXT MONTH HITLER S easel, used in his student days and seized as war booty in 1945, is to be sold at auction. Made of beechwood in Munich at the turn of the century, it will go on sale with a pencil and charcoal caricature of a Germán soldier sketched by Hitler in Both the easel and sketch come from priváté vendors and have letters of provenance and authentication, said fine art auctioneer Richard Bromell of Short, Graham and Co, Gloucester. The easel was discovered in a waterlogged basement of the Nazi Party s Munich headquarters. We are selling it on behalf of a mán whose brother was an Anglo-American liaison officer with the US forces. Apparently a woman museum curator at the Brown House, birthplace of the Nazi movement, led him to the basement where a number of Hitler s treasures had been hidden. He removed the easel and mailed it to his home address. According to our client many more of Hitler s possessions - including his pistol and ornate ring - were taken by the US troops. The easel was made by Franz Dury of Munich, the main supplier to the city s art students. We are as certain as anyone can be

15 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 15 that it was used by him during his student days in Munich and Vienna, and then consigned when he was Fuhrer, to the Brown House museum. The sketch measures 7in by 5in, and is signed A. Hitler. It was probably taken from the Hamburg home of a judge and Nazi Party member at the end of the war. Mr Bromell said he expected the easel to attract strong international bidding when it goes on sale on February 2. The sketch is expected to fetch up to 1,200. DÁVID SHARROCK THE GUARDIAN 1. Mikor használta Hitler a festőállványt? 2. Hogyan fogják eladni a festőállványt és a vázlatot? 3. Honnan tudja az árverésvezető, hogy a festőállvány és a vázlat eredeti? 4. Hogyan került a festőállvány annak a férfinek a tulajdonába, aki most eladja? 5. Mi volt a történelmi jelentősége a Brown Háznak, és mire használták később? 6. Mikor került a festőállvány a Brown Ház tulajdonába? 7. Hol találták meg a vázlatot? 8. Mikor fogják eladni a festőállványt? TALKS ON TROY TREASURE SENSITIVE Russian-German talks on the return of art treasures looted by the Red Army at the end of the last war, including the treasure of King Priam of Troy, got off to a promising start in Dresden yesterday. Germán government negotiators said the Russians had agreed to provide a list of items of the 3,500-year-old treasure spirited away from Berlin by Soviet troops in May, The Troy treasure, discovered in 1873 by the archaeologist, Heinrich Schliemann, is at the heart of the current talks. Only after the collapse of communism did details becotne known of the quantity of Germán treasure, books and archives the Red Army looted from Germán museums. The negotiations are therefore seen as a one-way Street with Germany laying claim to its former possessions, now in museums and libraries all over the former Soviet Union, while Russia s claims are, by comparison, limited. The Germans have destroyed so much of the former Soviet Union which they can never give back, Russia s minister of culture, Yevgeny Zidorov, said in Dresden. Russian patriots have accused him, and President Yeltsin, of committing high treason by planning to give back war trophies paid fór with precious Russian blood. Bonn is likely to accept a compromise whereby Russia will allow Germán art historians and restorers to inspect hitherto secret art depots while the Germán treasures will be exhibited in Russian museums. ANNA TOMFORDE THE GUARDIAN

16 16 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 1. Hogy zajlott a tárgyalások első napja? 2. Hol folynak a tárgyalások? 3. Milyen egyezségre jutottak az első napon? 4. Ki fedezte fel a trójai kincseket? 5. Mióta vannak a németeknek részletes ismereteik az orosz múzeumokban levő német műtárgyakról? 6. Miért sokkal kisebbek az orosz követelések a németekénél? 7. Hol fogják valószínűleg kiállítani a német műtárgyakat? HIT LIST BUDAPEST AT ONE time members of Budapest s city council used to meet in the Gellert spa at 6.30 am on Tuesdays. The balconied interior pool there is as splendid as any ballroom and more comfortable than any council chamber. Budapest is the thermal Capital of Europe and has somé 22 spas, offering a rangé of medical treatments, baths to marinate in and pools to swim in. Three of them are genuine Turkish baths, and 15 or so are open all the year round, including the Széchényi belle epoque establishment where bathers play ehess in the pool as steam rises in the biting winter air. An efficient and cheap transport network (buses, trams, trolleys and metrós) makes it very easy to get around between the deceptively affluent downtown of Pest and Buda s castle area of museums and cathedral. There is a certain amount of creeping McDonaldisation and Pizza Hutting bút the locals maintain a fine selection of restaurants and watering holes. Hungary s cultural life used to centre on the coffee houses - indeed, the 1848 Revolution was allegedly fomented in the Pilvax, which is now a fine traditional restaurant. The coffee house was ruined, it is said, by the Italians and their habit of standing up to drink espresso. Bút the most spectacular of them survives - the New York, an 1890s cathedral to writer s block. The lowest level is known as the Deep Water, and cartoons of famous pen-pushers who whiled away their hours and their publishers money look down on today s diners. Neither pianist nor the gypsy orchestra ever rises above talking level. Cherubs cavort on the ceiling far above, and gold leaf and marble curlicues adorn every nook and cranny to the far back, where chandeliers still glisten in the old card room. Budapest s thriving nightlife is spread all over the city. There s jazz, rock, bars, theatres - sometimes in English - and the opera. Student types are recommended to seek out the student unions which pút on a variety of social events. CHRISTOPHER DODD THE GUARDIAN

17 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS Hol tartott korábban összejöveteleket a (budapesti) fővárosi tanács? 2. Miért nevezik Budapestet Európa termál-fővárosá -nak? 3. Budapest nyugatiasodásának milyen bizonyítékát adja a szerző? 4. Hol volt korábban Budapest kulturális életének a központja? 5. Hogyan változott az évek során a Pilvax? 6. Milyen emberek járnak a New York kávéházba? 7. Mik díszítik a Mély Víz falait és mennyezetét? 8. Hova érdemes a diákoknak menniük? ' WELSH FIRES POINT TO ARSON POLICE investigating three suspicious fires in North Wales were looking last night at a possible fourth arson attack at an empty house on a remote road in Gwynedd, mid-wales. They suspected a renewed campaign by Welsh extremists after weekend fires at two unoccupied homes and a social security office in North Wales. In the fourth incident a holiday home on a road known as the Happy Valley between Pennái and Tywyn, is believed to have been gutted. Earlier fires severely damaged a house at Penrhos, near Pwllheli, used fór seaside holidays fór deprived inner-city young people, pensioners and the disabled, and one at Bala. An incendiary device left in the doorway of a Department of Social Security building in Llangefni, Anglesy, caused smoke damage. Wolverhampton social services department own the Penrhos house. Charles Bruton, social services committee chairman, said the council had used it fór many years. We had never even considered that it might be a target, he said. This fire may affect the holidays we are able to provide, and I only hope that those responsible will reflect that they are hurting people. The fire at a stone house at Bala at about the same time suggested a co-ordinated attack, bút villagers said that the house was owned by a Welshman living nearby and had never been used as a holiday home. Forensic scientists from a special squad of North Wales police investigating a long-running series of holiday home firebombings are looking fór similarities with previous attacks. The last incidents involving incendiary devices in Wales occurred almost a year ago. Sir Wyn Roberts, Welsh Office Minister of State, condemned the attacks as deplorable. He added: They are absolutely senseless and achieve no purpose. THE GUARDIAN

18 18 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 1. Hol történt a negyedik gyújtogatás? 2. Kit/Kiket gyanúsítanak a gyújtogatásokkal? 3. Kik laktak a házakban? 4. Honnan valók a Penrhos-házat használó fiatalok? 5. Mi után kutat a rendőrség? 6. Mikor történt Wales-ben a legutóbbi gyújtóbomba támadás? GOGGLE-EYED BRITS DO LESS WORK THAN OTHER EUROPEANS THE British spend less time at work and more in front of the television than any other country in Europe, according to a behavioural survey yesterday which was billed as the first exhaustive analysis of the lifestyles of the continent s 338 millión adults. Önly 40 per cent of Britains said they worked Monday to Friday, averaging about 6 hours and 25 minutes a day. The European average shows that 48 per cent of adults work, spending 7 hours 20 minutes on an average weekday. The longest hours were worked by the Portuguese, Czechs and Hungarians. Nine out of ten Britons watch television - and they do so on average fór more than four hours a night. This compared to 78 per cent of the Swiss, who only averaged 2.5 hours in front of the box. The survey by the IP group, one of Europe s largest média sales groups, revealed the Belgians to be the sleepiest Europeans. They say they enjoy 8.5 hours slumber a night - half an hour more than the European average and a full 65 minutes more than the Greeks. The Danish, Dutch and Finns were the happiest, with 95 per cent saying they were satisfied with life, compared with 90 per cent of Britons, 80 per cent of French and only 58 per cent of Hungarians. Three broad régiónál types emerged. Northern and central Europeans spend more time on sport, hobbies, social life, cultural and artistic activities. Southern Europeans are more interested in their families and children, meals, shopping, personal grooming and travel. Eastern Europeans work much more, to be left with less time and money. JOHN CARVEL THE GUARDIAN 1. Mivel érdemelték ki a britek a goggle eyed jelzőt? 2. Kik töltik Európában a legkevesebb időt munkával? 3. Miben jelölték meg a felmérés jelentőségét? 4. Kik dolgoznak a legszorgalmasabban Európában?

19 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS Átlagosan hány órán át néznek tévét esténként a svájciak? 6. Ki végezte a felmérést? 7. Kik alszanak a legkevesebbet? 8. Milyen tekintetben vannak hátrányos helyzetben a kelet-európaiak más európai nemzetekkel összehasonlítva? DOCTORS DISCOVER ANSWER TO EVERY HEAVY SNORER S DREAM YEARS of interrupted nights, complaints from partners and even having to sleep in the spare room may be over fór very heavy snorers. Doctors have developed an operation which appears to cure the condition. It has been devised at the recently opened respiratory support and sleep centre at Papworth Hospital, Cambridgeshire, with medical researchers at Cambridge University. The five-minute operation uses a laser to slightly burn the palate. It is performed under generál anaesthetic bút patients are discharged within 24 hours. Apart from an initial soré throat, no significant side-effects have been seen in about 20 heavy snorers who have undergone the operation. Chest physician John Shneerson, director of the centre, explained that snoring was caused by vibrations of the palate. By using a laser in a particular way we can slightly burn the palate. As this heals it forms scar tissue, which stiffens it. It does work. We can t guarantee it will last five or ten years, because we have been using the technique fór less than a year, bút the early results are very encouraging. One of the first patients to be de-snored is office manager Gary Chard, aged 38, from Huntington, Cambridgeshire. His wife Lorraine, aged 37 said: It s marvellous: I am now enjoying blissful uninterrupted sleep fór the first time in 18 years of married life. CHRIS MIHILL THE GUARDIAN 1. Mi a hatása az új műtétnek? 2. Hol fejlesztették ki ezt a sebészeti eljárást? 3. Mennyi időt kell a betegeknek kórházban tölteniük? 4. Éreznek-e a betegek bármilyen fájdalmat a műtét alatt vagy után? 5. Mitől horkolnak az emberek? 6. Mi módon segít a műtét a horkoló betegen? 7. Mennyi ideig tart valószínűleg a műtét 'hatása? 8. Milyen hatással volt Lorraine Chard-ra a férjén végzett műtét?

20 20 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS IF THIS DOES NŐT STOP KIDS STEALING CARS NOTHING WILL A TOP cop looked at the mangled wreck where three youngsters died yesterday and declared: If this doesn t stop kids stealing cars, nothing will. The pals - all with a record of cár crime - panicked when the police spotted them in a stolen 132mph Vauxhall Astra GTE. They hurtled through a red light and rammed a double-decker bús with an impact that crushed the cár to half its size. It careered a further 50 yards intő a metál fence. The steering wheel was driven intő the roof and the front of the cár was a twisted mass of unrecognisable metál. Driver Philip Hobbs, 16, Lee Dunn, 14, and Carl Widdop, 20, all died instantly. Afterwards Superintendent Roger Outing of West Yorkshire police said: This accident highlights only too graphically the tragic consequences of youngsters stealing high-powered cars. Another policeman said: I ve seen many bad crashes, bút nothing as bad as this before. We re trying to establish how fást the cár was going, bút it was obviously travelling at one hell of a lick when it hit the bús. Luckily the National Express 72-seater was empty apart from driver Dávid Styler, 49, and his wife Kath, 46. They escaped with slight injuries despite major damage to the front of the bús. The Astra had been stolen from outside a house at Wakefield before dawn. It was seen by two patrolmen five miles away in Batley a minute or two before the crash. An officer said: They monitored its movement and followed it at a safe distance. Bút then they lost sight of it as the driver spotted the police cár in his mirror and roared crazily away. A friend of dead driver Philip Hobbs said: He told me he did this sort of thing fór the power of driving a fást cár. Speed-crazed teenagers are stealing high-powered cars at the rate of one every 90 seconds, according to the latest survey. Most are said to be school failures who do it fór excitement, to gain a sense of importance and to impress friends. MARTYN SHARPÉ THE SUN 1. Büntetett előéletűek voltak az autóbaleset áldozatai? 2. A fiataloké volt az autó? 3. Miért hajtottak át az autóval a piros lámpán? 4. Mi történt az autóval, miután nekiütközött a busznak? 5. Milyen sebességgel ment az autó? 6. Hány üléses volt a busz? 7. Hányán voltak a buszban? 8. Milyen gyakori bűneset az autólopás? 9. Miért teszik ki magukat ilyen veszélyeknek az autótolvajok?

21 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 21 SCHOOL INSPECTORS PRAISE NEIGHBOURS NEIGHBOURS, the television soap opera, has gained more good friends in the education world with the publication of an inspector s report praising lessons using the programme at a comprehensive school. Episodes of the series, ridiculed as junk by Michael Falion when he was an education minister, were used to develop pupils ability to watch television critically. Boys and girls were coming to terms with quite demanding concepts, said the inspectors. They were encouraged to contrast the programme with the more sophisticated structure and characterisation of other texts. The inspectors alsó praised another mixed ability lesson at a different comprehensive where the pupils gave vivid and sensitive responses to Rupert Brooke s poem, These I have loved. By contrast, a boy s grammar school pupil who suggested writing verse about lőve as a follow-up, to reading ballads had his idea dismissed as beyond the class s personal exerience. His classmates suggested topics such as football matches, rows at home and playground fights instead. The examples in unidentified schools came in a survey of teaching and learning styles in English, a subject in which boys have long performed worse than girls. Girls already beat boys in reading, writing and spelling by the age of seven, according to the results of the national curriculum tests of 1991 and Research from the 1980s indicated that the contrasts persist at 11 and 15. The inspectors report, culled from visíts to 51 schools over three years, said the teachers influence was the crucial factor in attitudes and performances of boys. Bút, it added, few teachers monitored differences between boys and girls reading experience. JAMES MEIKLE THE GUARDIAN 1. Mi a különbség Falion és a felügyelők nézete között a Szomszédok -kal kapcsolatban? 2. Mire használták fel a Szomszédok -at az egyik iskolában? 3. Miért vetették el a szerelmes vers írásról szóló javaslatot? K. * 4. Milyen témákat fogadtak el? 5. Általában kik a jobbak angolból - a fiúk vagy a lányok? 6. Honnan tudható, hogy 7 éves korban a lányok jobbak helyesírásban, mint a fiúk? 7. Mire alapozta a felügyelő a jelentését? 8. Mi a legfontosabb tényező a fiúk viselkedésében?

22 22 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS HURD AVERTS BLOW-UP OVER BAGPIPES SCOTS nationalists striving fór independence within a united Europe had better be aware of how far they could come under the hegemonic yoke of the Germans. Evén bagpipes have been declared a Germán sphere of influence. It emerged yesterday that the origins of the pipes were a critical issue at last December s EC summit in Maastricht, settled only at the last minute by Douglas Hurd, the Foreign Secretary. Bút Mr Hurd, a passionate spokesman fór the British (if nőt the European) unión, only succeeded in securing written guarantees of the pipes Scottish origins by conceding that they are heavily influenced by the Dudelsack. This rearguard action became known with publication of a written reply by Norbert Blum, employment minister, to a parliamentary question from a group of Social Democrat deputies, including members from the federal State of Hessen. They wanted to know if ministers were aware that bagpipes originated in the Upper Hessen region, from the area around Dudelsheim, and should perhaps really be known as the Dudel- or Dodelsack. After extensive research by his civil servants, Mr Blum disclosed that the Germán foreign office had acknowledged at Maastricht the bagpipes Scottish origins - largely under pressure from Hans-Dietrich Genscher, a protagonist of people s rights to self-determination. The Dudelsheim influences on the development of the bagpipes were, however, written intő a minute of proceedings which is now part of Bonn s negotiation package. The characteristic pipes of the Scottish Dudelsack stem from Hessen, the region of the great pipe culture, Mr Blum declared. Germany s national interests have been fully protected through this declaration, which was only achieved after very difficult negotiations. DÁVID GOW THE GUARDIAN 1. Milyen vitás kérdést sikerült Douglas Hurd-nek megoldania? 2. Miért lelkesedik jobban Hurd - a brit vagy az európai egységért? 3. Milyen engedményt kellett tennie? 4. Hogyan vált közismertté a kérdés? 5. Egyes németek szerint honnan származik a duda? 6. Milyen más elnevezést javasoltak a bagpipe (=duda) helyett? 7. Hogyan védték meg Németország nemzeti érdekét?

23 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 23 NEW ZEALAND TOP OF CRIME TABLE NEW ZEALAND tops the crime list of the industrialised world with high levels of violence and burglary, according to a survey due to be published here next month. England and Wales top the league fór cár crime. Assaults using force are most common in Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States, the figures suggest. Czechoslovakia, New Zealand, Australia and the US top the list fór burglary. Sexual assault was reported with frequency in eastern Europe, with Czechoslovakia and Poland having high rates. Women alsó reported high levels of sexual incidents in Australia, Canada, West Germany and the United States. Those reporting least sexual assaults were Japan, Switzerland, England and Wales. Japan would appear to have the lowest incidence of assaults and burglary, with Germany, the Netherlands and Switzerland having the lowest cár crime figures. The Netherlands, Sweden and Japan had the highest levels of bicycle theft. The survey, co-ordinated by the Dutch justice ministry in the Hague, was compiled from interviews in 1991 and 1988 with about 2,000 people in 20 industrialised countries. More than 50,000 people were interviewed by telephone. The figures represent the percentage of those who considered themselves to be victims of the types of crime featured. In generál, this is felt to be more accurate than police statistics. DUNCAN CAMPBELL THE GUARDIAN OLDE WORLDE DESIGNER VILLAGE SOLD TO JAPAN FÓR 4M AN ENTIRE mock Elizabethan viliágé complete with a pub and bowling green is being exported - to give the Japanese a taste of olde worlde England charm. Bordér Oak Design and Construction, based at Leominster, Hereford and Worcester, has won a 4.1 millión contract to build British Hills (Shirakawa Cultural Centre), 90 miles from Tokyo, where up to 200 students sent by their employers will be able to learn English away from the bustle of the big cities. The 60-acre site will eventually include a manor house with formai gardens, a bowling green, Román baths, a beamed pub, a post office, an ornamental laké and even a tithe barn housing a craft workshop. Bordér Oak is alsó reviving Elizabethan building skills to make eight oak-framed, half-timbered houses where students will live in beamed splendour. The viliágé has been commissioned by the Japanese Sano Educational Foundation, who insisted on totál authenticity - as well as buildings designed to withsfánd earthquakes, hurricanes and six feet of snow. THE GUARDIAN 22/1/93

24 24 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS NEW ZEALAND TOP OF CRIME TABLE 1. Az iparosodott országok között melyiknek a legrosszabb a bűnözési statisztikája? 2. Mely bűntények különösen gyakoriak Ausztráliában? 3. Hol a legvalószínűbb, hogy ellopják az ember biciklijét? 4. Hogyan készítették el a statisztikákat? OLDE WORLDE DESIGNER VILLAGE SOLD TO JAPAN FÓR 4M 1. Milyen két jellegzetes hely van meg a faluban? 2. Mire fogják használni British Hills-t? 3. Hol fognak lakni a diákok, amíg British Hills-ben tartózkodnak? 4. Miben kell a falu-utánzatnak különböznie egy valódi falutól? SQUIRREL ON THE SCENT OF HOW TO SORT OUT JOB APPLICANTS PROSPECTIVE employers may wonder how job applicants will cope under unexpected pressure. In the case of Vivian Howson they found out. Ms Howson, aged 39, from Hitchen, Hertfordshire, was waiting fór an interview with seven other applicants. They watched with amusement as a squirrel wandered in. Then, Ms Howson said, It suddenly flew six feet through the air and clamped on to my neck. I tried to get the squirrel off gently and then it strugglcü free. Bút it jumped on me again and was hanging on to my neck with all fours. I was getting quite worried and the mén were beginning to panic. Every time they took it off me, it leapt up at me again. As it flew at me fór the fourth time I managed to dodge out of the way. Dr Jessica Holm, a wildlife expert, attributed the scfuirrel s behaviour to a mating display triggered by Ms Howson s musky perfume, which her boyfriend had recently brought her from abroad as a present. MADELEINE BUNTING THE GUARDIAN

25 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS 25 IRISH RACE DONKEY FEARED KIDNAPPED ONE of Ireland s top racing donkeys is feared kidnapped. Toby, a chestnut-coloured former All-Ireland Champion thoroughbred, disappeared from a field near Ballymoney, Co Antrim, police confirmed yesterday. A search is under way on both sides of the Irish bordér to try to trace him. The suspected kidnapping comes almost exactly 10 years after the Aga Khan s top racehorse, Shergar, was stolen from a stud farm in Co Kildare. The twice Derby winner is believed to have been killed after ransome demands were issued. Toby s owner, Jack McKillen, a farmer of Cloughmills, Co Antrim, said he was devastated at the disappearance. He had recently resisted several offers from people who wanted to buy Toby, who won five races in Co Antrim last year. Toby was in a field with a pony, bút it was left behind. I imagine Toby was taken away fór racing or stud. THE GUARDIAN SQUIRREL ON THE SCENT OF HOW TO SORT OUT JOB APPLICANTS 1. Mire várt Howson? 2. Sikerült levennie a mókust? 3. Hogyan reagáltak a férfiak, amikor a mókus másodszor is a nyakára ugrott? 4. Hányszor ugrott rá Howson-ra a mókus? 5. Miért viselkedett így a mókus? IRISH RACE DONKEY FEARED KIDNAPPED 1. Honnan lopták el a szamarat? 2. Mely országokban keresik a szamarat? 3. Hogyan reagált McKillen a szamár megvételére tett ajánlatokra? 4. Hány állat volt a szamáron kívül a mezőn? /

26 26 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS FISH FLY AS ANGRY BRETONS PROTEST OVER CHEAP IMPORTS FRENCH fishermen prepared fór new protests in ports around the country last night after an early-morning commando raid on the national fishmarket at Rungis near Paris in which at least 2 millión of damage was done. Fierce clashes between about a thousand Breton fishermen and hundreds of riot police went on until the early hours of the morning as protesters destroyed tons of fish and smashed up equipment. Demonstrators said they were angered by falling prices caused by cheap or illegal non-european Community imports. Although the protesters later returned to Brittany, they warned that they intended to disrupt cross-channel shipping. Brittany Ferries has already been forced to suspend its channel traffic. In Normandy, trawlermen blocked naval testing grounds. This followed other actions, including the destruction of 21 tons of Danish fish. The Rungis attack was expected to hold up fish distribution fór several days. Although the protest was aimed at drawing attention to cheap North American, East European and African produce being exported illegally to Europe, the fishermen aimed most of their anger at middlemen whom they accused of profiting while flouting EC rules. The attack started at about midnight. The fishermen broke down doors to scatter the catch and smash up office equipment. When riot police arrived they were bombarded with fish and smoke bombs. Lorries carrying imported fish were the first targets of the rampage. Several policemen were húrt in the clashes which followed and five fishermen were arrested. In the afternoon, the protesters forced the sea minister, Charles Josselin, to abandon a meeting of the national maritime fishing committee to discuss possible EC Controls following a Brussels decision to warn Norway, Russia and Iceland against excessive exports of cheap fish. EC officials are hoping to defuse the crisis by setting minimum prices fór white fish imports. When the French minister promised new protection measures, the fishermen besieged a police station where the five arrested demonstrators were being held. The mén were later allowed tö go home. t 1. Milyen kárt okoztak a tiltakozó halászok? 2. Mi volt a rungis-i tiltakozások közvetlen kiváltó oka? 3. Milyen lépéseket terveznek még tenni a halászok? 4. Kire/Kikre voltak különösen dühösek a halászok? PAUL WEBSTER THE GUARDIAN

27 SZÖVEGÉRTÉS Hogyan jutottak be a halászok a halpiacra? 6. Milyen fegyvereket használtak a halászok? 7. Mit akarnak tenni a probléma megoldása érdekében? 8. Mi történt végül az öt letartóztatott halásszal? ANNE LENDS SUPPORT TO APPEAL PRINCESS Anne, president of the Savé the Children Fund, spared a moment during her wedding day yesterday to send a message to Observer readers applauding the magnificent response to our Somalia appeal. Readers generosity has already raised 692,000, and today we are running a celebrity phone-in to try to raise a further 100,000 before Christmas to help to buy an emergency relief pláne. The Princess Royal urged readers to respond to the relaunched appeal, which follows the arrival in Somalia of around 1,800 US Marines to aid food distribution to the starving. On behalf of Savé the Children, I would like to take the opportunity to thank all Observer readers fór their generosity thus far, and hope that you will feel able to support our work through this latest appeal, now that there seems to be a reál opportunity fór progress to be made, she said. The celebrity phone-in line will be open from 9am to 6pm today on Readers will have a chance to pledge their donations to actress Susan Hampshire or Labour MPs Ken Livingstone, Kate Hoey and Malcolm Wicks. Savé the Children director Nicholas Hinton, Observer editor Donald Trelford, columnists Katharine Whitehorn, Dr John Collee and Michael Ignatieff, executive editor Adam Raphael and other staff are alsó taking part. Emma Nicholson MP, a former fundraising chief fór Savé the Children, is unable to attend bút is supporting our appeal. Most of the money raised so far has been spent on supplementary food and vitamins, keeping 30,000 children alive at Savé the Children s feeding camps. Each 50p feeds one malnourished child fór a day and 20 buys 20 kilós of specially fortified food-aid biscuits. We now hope to raise a further 100,000 to help buy an aeroplane to bring food and medical aid to remote areas as security improves. THE OBSERVER 1. Miért volt kissé meglepő, hogy a hercegnő el tudott juttatni egy üzenetet az újsághoz? 2. Mennyi pénzt teremtett elő eddig az Observer és az olvasótábora? 3. Mire fogják a fontot költeni? 4. Miért küldtek amerikai tengerészgyalogosokat Szomáliába?