Thesis of Ph.D. dissertation

Átírás

1 Thesis f Ph.D. dissertatin Landscape eclgical relatins f the changing land usage in the muntainus regin f Keszthely as well as the applicatin f their generalized experiences in secndary schls and higher educatin By István Petrvics This dissertatin has been prepared in frame f Bienvirnment- Science Prgram f Kitaibel Pál Dctral Schl f Envirnment Science, a part f the Nyugat-Magyarrszági Egyetem. Leading prfessr: Dr. Imre Berki Sprn, 2010 Nyugat-Magyarrszági Egyetem Erdımérnöki Kar

2 The reasns f the research in the thema, aims f research The muntainus regin f Keszthely reacted always sensitively t the activities f man in land use and area usage. This is intensified by the nearness f Lake Balatn and by the cnsiderable rate f affrestatin (presently 41 %). This dissertatin includes als the presentatin f natural cnditin f the Ex lege prtected mr area f Vindrnya, since it is directly cnnected t the Keszthelymuntain regin. Changes in landscape usage in the past decades became subjects f sciences, amng them f interdisciplines f teaching and educatin. The aims f the research: cmplex investigatin n successive relatins ging n the landscape creating factrs n existing and left ff area usage - amng them the area f Várvölgy area in details and all these cnnected t the special elements f the envirnment pedaggy f secndary schls and higher educatin. First representatin will be given n the eclgical changes f the Keszthely-muntains in the past 2-25 years with special respect t the effects f chemical usage. Using the synthese f the abve mentineds the aim f this dissertatin is t knw: What and hw appear the generalizable research results f landscape usage in Keszthely muntains regin and hw were they intrduced t the present practice f secndary schl and higher educatin. What is tipical in the practice f envirnment-pedaggy? Fr this the themariented investigatin results f the newly rganized lcal vcatinal training has been detailed in this wrk. An imprtant part f the wrk was t see hw appears the envirnmental educatin in the study circles and in the exam requirements. One f the mst imprtant subject f develpment attached als t this wrk is t see, that the different study rganizatin methds what like influence have t the students, t teachers and ther partners and that the pedaggical valuatin f these hw can cntribute t increasing level f educatin. Methdlgically the aim was t shw whether can the synthesis f the pedaggical-, the general-, and the natural-scientific methds succesfully be applied in the practice? Methds and means f the investigatins Landscape usage The frms and eclgical affects f landscape usage n the mentined area were cmpared in 1985 and 2009, especially the situatin f Várvölgy village. Data f arable land, lan, wine gardens, fruit gardens, kitchen gardens, frest and f uncultivated lands (fallw) were cllected. These data f surface cvering and its quality were cmpleted by cllecting data by structured interviews at cmmunity ffices and at the area cntrlling ffice at Taplca. A tpgraphic map f 1: were used fr the field bservatins and anther ne f 1: fr the bservatin f the whle investigated area. The changes in the agricultural branches f cultivatin are recrded fr the years 1985 and 2007 using GIS infrmatin system. Anther imprtant grup f methds applied were the dcument analysis and the interviews. Verbal infrmatins by the agrnmists f the villages and frmer presidents f c-peratives culd be succesfully used as cntrl infrmatins in the infrmatins. Mst f the investigated dcuments were kindly handed ver by the area cntrl ffices f Keszthely and Taplca, by mining ffices, lcal and natinal water-use regulatin ffices, by fire departments, by services f frestry as well as by the Natinal Office f Statistics. Als farmers helped me by giving data f spray diaries, field register bks t be able t check the amunts f chemicals used fr plant prtectin and mineral fertilizing. Persnal and grup-type unstructured interviews have beeen made with private farmers, members f the leading staff f Várvölgy, as well as studies f settlement rganizatin plan and regulatin plan f the village. Surface water amunt measurings were made using callibrated 15 litre measure pails. The area rate f acacia (Rbinia pseudacacia) and idl-tree (Ailanthus altissima) and their changing rate were investigated based n wrking plan dcumentatins f frestry cmpany f the suthern part f Keszthely muntains. The results f investigatins in frm f tables and figures are included in the dissertatin, in sme cases the causal relatins

3 and prpsals are als included. Phtgraphs illustrate the lcalities and places f investigatins. The methdlgy f investigatins n envirnment educatin was cnducted as fllws: Research strategy: inductive, relatin mapping prcedure Type f research: actin research and prgram research Sample size: 1000 teachers and students f secndary and higher schls, in 22 institutins Sampling: single randmized, and strate, respectively. Methdlgy and means: dcument analysis, based n the basic dcuments f the schls and cnsidering the cncerning lcal rules f envirnment educatin (EE). Analysis f sphere f activity f the teachers respnsible fr EE, with DACUM methd, including 45 persns. Textbk investigatins Analysis f trade mdules in cases f timber industry (11), printing idustry (12), management (16), and turist industry (18) using the new descriptins f Natinal Educatin List (OKJ) f the Central Prgram (KP), and f Trade and Exam Requirements (SzVK). Brainstrming fr the pssible intrductin and using f EE in the trade educatin with the participatin f schl directrs, teachers, advisrs f Institute fr Trade Educatin and Develpment (NSzFI), in which 176 persns tk part. Attitude mtivatin and fundamentals measuring by using wn-made questin frm and with a sample f 1000 persns. Adapted Likert type attitude questin frm t summarize and cmplete the cntent f investigatin, fr which 276 answers arrived frm the students. Own made questin frm fr teachers and students, 876 answer arrived t. In case f questin frms the rate f acceptance was 70 % (at all the tests). Structured and unstructured interviews with students, unstructured interviews with teachers and leading persns with the participatin f 96 persns t crrect the attitudes. Summary The dissertatin prved, that a synthesis f the different research methds f natural sciences and f scial sciences culd be achieved in ur wrk in case f landscape usage and f envirnmental educatin in the selected thema: landscape usage and envirnment educatin. It prved t be applicable methd the wn-made questinnaire (mainly t get single-dimensin and multi-dimensin data) and als the structured and unstructured interviews in cnnectin with the numericalled and generalized results f field investigatins. A cmplex recgnitin f landscape usage and envirnment damaging effects has been achieved at the Keszthely-muntainarea and especially at Várvölgy village. As regard landscape usage, tipical is the clsing dwn f big agricultural cperatives and the frmatin f smaller estates. In the agrar branches cnsiderable decreased the area f wine plantages, fruit gardens and arable fields, and increased the area f kitchen gardens and f fallws. The number f livestck f all species sharply decreased, a slight increase can be bserved in case f hrses. The ec- and bi-prductin stagnates. Envirnment damaging chemicals in the agrarprductin was caused earlier by verdsing f mineral fertilizers, nwadays it cmes frm chemical plant prtectin, mainly by herbicide effects. Shallw mining caused in many cases irreversible envirnment damages, just like as liquidated military establishments, and since n recultivatin fllwed them, frequently illegal waste dept has gt frm there. The few agricultural and ther fires did nt cause the glbal warming up. Other, new envirnment pllutin surces are chemicals and slid wastes as a cnsequence f rescue after accidents r technical prblems. Their imprtance is still nt tpic f cnsciusness.

4 The water measurings have shwn that in case f running waters and surces the water amunts well crrelated with the actual precipitatin. The investigatins n spreading f invasive, nt desirable tree species have shwn that the acacia (Rbinia pseudacacia) and idl-tree (Ailanthus altissima) have spread quickly and ccupied a cnsiderable area. With regard t the situatin f educatin in envirnment prtectin ur investigatins allw t draw the fllwing statements: Regarding landscape usage nly tw tpics can be fund in the teaching prgrams: Cnditin f surface waters, and Arising f wastes and their treatment. Landscape-type apprach can be fund in sme EE prgrams and frest visiting prgrams nly. Hwever tipical is the glbal apprach in the schl-bks and in the teaching methdlgy f teachers. The innvatins f teachers and the dimensin f EE attitude are the dminant elements f the applied envirnment pedaggy. Mre and mre arse the demand by schl wners and leaders t measure and evaluate the level f pedaggy. The teachers hwever demand better bks, mre crrect definitins f cncepts and requirements. There is a demand als t have after-schl instructins. The investigated institutins d nt apply yet all the lcal pssibilities in the mtivatin. On natinal level nt all pssibilities f the newly structured trade educatin has been explited t achieve a higher level f envirnment educatin. Scientific results 1. First time has been shwn the generalized experiences n changes in landscape usage f the Keszthely muntain regin in the last years in cnnectin with the investigated envirnment pedaggy in the secndary schls and higher educatin. During the research it has been taken int cnsideratin the newly intrduced, but nt yet evaluated cmpetence-based mdul-structured educatin. 2. Systematized and the whle prcess shwing prpsals has been elabrated t decrease envirnment damage/pllutin fr the Keszthely-muntain area. 3. Basic and situatin revealing research results are included in the dissertatin abut the spread f the tw invasive tree species: acacia (Rbinia pseudacacia) and idl-tree (Ailanthus altissima) during the time perid f 1974 t Using the adaptatin f DACUM methd it has been elabrated the scpe f duties f a pedaggue in EE, wh teaches it nt as his main subject. During this it has been shwn the cmplexity f subject integratin. 5. The synthesis f pedaggical-, general-, and natural-scientific research methdlgy prved t be succesful applicable in the praxis. This als increased the level f this dissertatin in its cntent and methdlgy. 6. A database cmplex has been elabrated t fill the gap in the research f landscape usage f Keszthely muntain regin and f lcal trade educatin, which basicly changed after 2006 in sme special tpics. 7. Using the results f this research, structured methdlgical materials has been elabrated in the Natinal Institute f Trade Educatin and Develpment fr different trade grups and qualificatins. 8. The dissertatin prves, that neither cncept, nr cntent f the envirnment cmpetency are prperly determined in the natinal prvisin f law, cnsequently in the cmpetence based trade educatin. 9. Very lw is the number f thema cnnected t landscapeenvirnment educatin in the lcal prgrams and syllabus f curses.

5 Publicatins Scientific dissertatins, written examinatins Petrvics I. (2002): A tájöklógiai szemlélet megjelenése a környezeti nevelésben, a közktatásban használt tankönyvek hatásvizsgálata alapján. (Landscapeeclgical attitude in the envirnment educatinbased n effectivity tests f bks used in the public educatin). Eredmények és kihívásk a Szakmai Tanárképzésben. NYME, Sprn. Petrvics I. (2003): A környezeti nevelés módszere és eszköztára. (Methds and means f envirnment educatin). IX. kerületi Pedagógiai Szlgáltató Közpnt knferencia. Budapest. Petrvics I. (2032): Kemikáliák a Környezetileg Érzékeny területeken. (Chemicals n envirnmentally sensitive areas.). Dktri szigrlat. NYME, Sprn. Scientific essays Petrvics I. (2000): A Szenthármság jövıképe az ökfilzófiában. Öklógia Természet Környezet. (The image f future f The Hly Trinity in the ecphilsphy. Eclgy- Nature Envirnment). In: A pedagógiai szlgáltatás 30 éve Smgyban. (szerk.: Petrvics I.). Megyei Pedagógiai Intézet, Kapsvár. Petrvics I. (2005): A Faipar szakmacsprt záróvizsgája a szakmai alapzó csprtban. (Clsing exam f students trade grup in the basic educatin f timber industry). SzakMa, Budapest. Petrvics I. (2007): Tájhasználat és kemikáliák az Érzékeny Természeti Területeken. (Landscape usage and chemicals n envirnmentally sensitive areas). MTA VEAB, Székesfehérvár. Európa Unió küszöbén. Petrvics I. (2007): Az ötvenes szintő szakképesítések kmpetencia mérésének módszerei. (Methds f cmpetence measuring in qualificatins f fifty pint level). NSZFI, Budapest. Research results cnnected t thema Petrvics I. (2000): A smgyi isklai munkakultúra máráse nemzetközi összehasnlítással. (Measuring f wrking culture in schls f cunty Smgy, with internatinal cmparisn). In: A pedagógiai szlgáltatás 30 éve Smgyban (szerk. Petrvics I.). Megyei Pedagógiai Intézet. Petrvics I. (2004): A környezeti nevelés és a tájöklógia zászlóshajói az ktatásplitika vizén. (The flagships f envirnmental educatin and landscape eclgy n the water f educatin plicy.). Oktatásplitikai szemléletváltás Európában a XX. Században knferenciára. Székesfehérvár, któber 28. Petrvics I. (2007): A pedagógiai mérés-értékelés, beszámíthatóság a szakképzésben, kiemelve a környezeti nevelés rendszerét.(measuring and evaluatin in the pedaggy, respnsibility in the trade educatin with special respect t the system f envirnmental educatin). NSZFI, Budapest. Scientific cmmunicatins and methdlgy Petrvics I. (1992): Váljn valóra! A kllégiumi környezeti nevelésrıl. (Be realized! Abut envirnment educatin in student hmes.) Keszthely és Vidéke, Keszthely. Petrvics I. (1997): Pedagógiai prblémák, utak a váltzó világban, hlisztikus szemlélettel. (Prblems f pedaggy, ways in the changing wrld with hlistic

6 views). Alternatív Közgazdasági Gimnáziumk Országs Knferenciája, Budapest. Petrvics I. (2000): A tájvédelem környezetplitikai vnatkzásai. (Envirnment-plitical relatins f landscape usage). A VEAB régió dktranduszainak tudmánys fóruma, vidékfejlesztési szekció. NYME Dktri Isklák, Sprn. Petrvics I. (2007): A Faipar szakmacsprt bemeneti kmpetenciáinak mérése az új OKJ alapján. (Input cmpetence measurings based n the new OKJ at the trade grup f students f timber industry.). NSZFI, Budapest. Scrutinized METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL. Petrvics I. (2007): Az általáns nymdai munka, tőz-, baleset- és környezetvédelem címő és a számú mdul feldlgzása. (Elabratin f mdul n: General prtectin against fire, accident, and envirnment in printing.). NSZFI, Budapest. Scrutinized METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL. Petrvics I. (2008): Anyagk elıkészítése, nymatk ellenırzése és szállítása címő, szakmai követelménymdul tanításáhz és értékeléséhez. (Requirement mdul t NO : Preparatin f materials, cntrl and transprt f printed materials). METHODOLOGICAL MANUAL. Petrvics I. (2002): Nem környezetvédelmi szakképzést flytató szakképzı intézetek tankönyv vizsgálati eredménye.(study-bk inquire f nn-envirnment teaching institutins). ). In: A tankönyvek hatásvizsgálata a környezeti nevelés tankönyveiben (szerk. Dr. Lükı I.) OMKutatászáró publikáció. NYME Mőszaki és Környezetpedagógiai Tanszék, Sprn. Petrvics I. (2002): A környezetpedagógiai képzés követelményeinek vizsgálata. (Investigatins n requirements in the envirnment-pedaggical studies). MTA Veszprémi Akadémiai Bizttság, Környezetpedagógiai Munkabizttság, Budapest. Petrvics I. (2010): A szakmai vizsgák vizsgafeladatainak mérése-értékelése. (Evaluatin f measuring f exam exercises in trade educatin). Visszacsatlás. NSZFI, OKM, Budapest. Research reprts Petrvics I. (2002): A Phare 1991 évi EFE kutatás tankönyv vizsgálata, mint kutatási elızmény. (Inquire f study bk f PHARE 1991 EFE as a research preliminary). In: A tankönyvek hatásvizsgálata a környezeti nevelés tankönyveiben (szerk. Dr. Lükı I.) OM Kutatászáró publikáció. NYME Mőszaki és Környezetpedagógiai Tanszék. Sprn.