1EKCT KAK OEbEKT AHHrBHCTHIECKOrO HCCAEflOBAHHA

Átírás

1 H. P. TaAbnepHH 1EKCT KAK OEbEKT AHHrBHCTHIECKOrO HCCAEflOBAHHA

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4 tiu c tiw te a c o e fta a e q u e H s m H. P. T a A b n e p i i H 1EKCT KAK OEtEKT AHHrBHCTNHECKOrO NCCAEflOBAHHA MaaaHHe rwroe, crepe orm ih oe URSS MOCKBA

5 BEK 8l.2Pyc-5 rjjibiiepmh H a m PoM anom n Tckct KaK o & besr JiwirBHCiwecKoro HccjKAOBamw. H m 5 -e, crepecrhtihoe. M.: KoMtCHMra, c. (J1 hhpbmcth4 e ckoe HacneAHe X X BeKa.) KHHra nocbhineha npoonemam AHHrsHCTHKH TCKcra. B paoote BbinBJieHhi nan- 6ojiee xapakiephbte oco6ehhocrn crpyktypw Texcra, ero rpammathieckhe KaxeropHH, iix B3anMoaeflcTBne m aah a KAaccw Jw K am ia paajih ih bix b iu o b tckctoboh HH(}>opMa- UHH. B ochoby ahaah3a, npobeaehhoro Ha 6a/tbiuoM h m FOCTparaeHOM Maxepnajie, noaoaceha ejmhhpa, 6ojiee KpynHas, iem npeflao*ehne. K H iira iipbohaahaieha ju in 4>nnojioroB, Bcex cneuh axbh ocxeft, cry aeirro B h acnhpahtob <}>HJio.nornHeCKHX (paky/ibxetob, ju ia acex, kto MHrepecyeTca nposjiemamh a3hka h TexcTa. OmeemcmeeHHbtu pedatcmop: pieh-koppecnohjwht AH CCCP r, B. Cmenanoe H M Jn e ib C T B o»k o M K H H ra» ] I, r. M o c K a a, n p - r j K i m O k t h 6 p h, 9. <bopmat 6 0 x 9 0 / 1 6. E y n ara THnorp»<ticKaa. fle a, a, 9. O r n e a a ra B O b O O O J I E H A H f l* , r. M o c k m, n p -T jie n in O k i» 6 p a, a. 1 1A c r p B-3HaaHbiH ISBN, bboahmub c 2007 r.: H P FajibnepHH, 1981, 2007 ISB N * KoMKHMra, 2006, 2007 Cootb. IO-jhsbhwR ISBN, npiimehhemur ao 2007 r.: ISBN 5-4*4-00*54-9 H A W H A H H W E 6 H A H P M T E P A T y P A kunss E-mal: U R S S U R S S. n j Kara*** naflat**i a HtflWpHore: TenApaxc: 7 (4 9 S) Twt./ijwec: 7 <4 #S> ID N »

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8 O tc u a jio c b nojiesh bim paanenh T b K axeroph H TCKcra Ha coaep>k ate;ibh bie h 4>op M ajib H o -ctp y icry p H b ie, HM ea b B H tty, h t o h t c h a p y ih e osbejihhawtch HaMH b rp am M an w eck H e. 3 x o H eosxoah M O n o x o M y, i t o h sihm paam biiunch H H 06 3THX KaTCfOpHilX HanpaB/ieHbJ Ha riohckh 3BKOHO MepHOCTeft HX <t>yhkliho- H iq^obah tra, a 3TO 3H ath T, m o b k o h c h h o m H io r e nph HaKoiuieHHH aocxato^ho S o n a u io r o K O Jim ectb a $aktob m oxcho S y a e T co cx ab H ib rpaih w axh K y T c x c ta. O ah ak o b p ad o T e He npoboohtcb c t p o r o r o a e n e H tix u a coaepxcat enbh bie h (J)opMara>HO-CTpyKxypHbie K axeroph H : yxc o ieh b o h h B3aHM Oo6yc.no BJieHbi! <tk>pmanbho-cxpyktyphbie K axeroph H HMeiox c o a e p x a x e n b H b ie xapak ieph C TH - k h, a c o aep x c aiejib H b ie K axeroph H B bipaxcenw b cx p y K T y p u b tx <J>opMax. B H H xepatype n o K a He nonb H n o cb p a6o x b i, K O Topax a a a a 6bi b c h c xemaxh3 H po- BaHHOM BHoe n p a s H iia nocxpoeh H H h (JjyHKunoHHpoBaHHa K axeroph H xek- c r a. A a h c s m h K axeroph H e u ie He noab ep rjih C b xakcoho m h mcc k o h o 6p a - O otk e. M n e n p e flc ia B J ia e x c a, n o p a s M u iu JieH hh KHOraa n o jie a n e e n o c T y a a x o B. Ile p B b ie H a m Bo3MO*cnocTb p a3 tto o 6 p a3 H b ix pem ehhh b n p o u e c c e ah anh 3a (p ax x o B H 3bnca, b x o BpeMH K a x noc/ieqh H e ztonhchbi B bispaxb H3 b o sm o x chm x n o n x o a o B o a m, B eaym H it o S b p m o k a a p a n e e aanporpam M H pob ah H ofi uejih. M H o m e H3 nepehhchehhbix» KHHre K axeroph H xekcta, xak K e, K ak hh- 4>opM axhbh0cib, KHTerpattHH, p e x p o c n e K iu u h flp., M O ryx n o K a a a ib c a c a h iii- KOM UIHpOKHMH, <JX06bl HX nph 3H aib ZlOCTOflHHeM TOJlbKO tek C Ta, OflHaKO xekcx b H auiem h o h h m e h h h BBiMexcH rpa4>hheckhm oxos p ax cem iem K ycoh K a neftctbirrejibhocth. Oh nopoxcaeh H e nh cbm eh H oro B a p n a H ia H 3biK a. H c- cjieflobahhe K a x o ro -jih 6o o S b e K x a b H aynto-xeopexh H eck O M iinah e n p e a - n o x iaraex HSBecTHyto CTeneHb afict p ar HposaHKH o x KOHKpexHHX p ean H sau n H fla m io ro o S ie K ia. B xek cxe K ak p e sy n b x a T e pcbetb opteck O r o ttp o ije c c a He- o S x o o h m o B bineiih ib xakhe q epxbi (n a p a M e T p w, n p H an ak H ), Ha o c H o s e k o t o - pbix Moofoio n o c x p o m b H en y io K aeajibh yto M o a e n b 3 T o ro o & b e K ia HCcneaOBa- HHH. 3 to BOSMOXCHO JIHUft HpH ahaju Re GOJIblllOrO KOJimeCTBa TeKCTOB, OTHOCH1HHXC* K pa3hb!m (J)yHKUHOHaHbHblM CTW1XM. MOXCHO ycjiobho Bblja e im ib H3 3x0ft M a c c u M axepk ana xek cxbj, 6o n e e w ih MeHee nphsbhacajo- UQteCH K 3TOH KaeajIbHOH MOfleflH H OTKJlOHfltOlHHeCH OT H ee. npeohohcehhoe m h o h HHxee o n p eaejieh H e xekcta, KMeex b B x a y acctpakthyio M o g ejib, a o n y - ck ajom yio H3BecxHyw BapnaHTHocxb. OaHH H3 cyuiecxb eh H bix nph S H ak os TeKCTa - e r o aab epuieh H O cib. 3 t o t nph3hak B bixank H B aef Ha n o a e p x H o c rb r e K c r a aaro jio B O K, 6 e 3 K O T o p o ro, c M oefi t o h k h apehhh, Heab3H n o ctp o H T b w o aejib xek cxa. H p a B a a, ectb xek cxbi h S ea aaronob K O B auph veck H e CTHXoiBopeH hh, ra a e ih b ie coosuteh H H, im cbm a h H efcoxopbie a p y m e, h o h b h h x osbw Ho n e p B o e npeaao x ceh H e 381HH ocyukctbjuiet (fcyhkuhkt aaroh O B K a, o KOTOpofi S y a e r ck a3 a n o HHace. E u ie pycck H e H ccn eao B ax eah 2 0 -x r o a o B H a u ie ro CToaerHH ospaxhjih BHHMaHHe Ha TeKCT K ak a a HBJieHHe, n o a a a w iu e e c B c rp y K iy p a u H H, i. e. HMeiom e e HCKOTOpbie aak O H O M epnocnt cb o eii oprah H aaiih H. P as oxbi B axxuh a, IllK aob C K oro, I l p o n a a, T o M aiueb C K oro h a p y r a x a o chx n o p He yxpath ak C B oero 3HaueHH», onnak O oxaen b H b ie npeacxab H xenh 4>opM anbh O -ctpyk ryp H o ro n o a x o a a k TeKCTy aaxem H iuth, a H H oraa h nonh oct bio H m o p H p o B a a n co aep x c ax eab H y io cxopo H y npo K 3B eaeh H a, 6 e 3 k o t o p o h HeM bicjikma c rp y K - T y p a iv u xekcta. s

9 Hcxohhwm nono)kehnem b ahanioe TCKcxa xbjibctcx iiph3h3hne ero HCKoefi cymuocibio, HMewmeK camonob/ietouihh xapaxrep, ho noflihhhiomehch oouihm aakohomephoctxm nocrpoehiw pexeboro nponsbeflehiui» ero 3aBepukhhocth. "Jbia JiroSoro pexeboro akia ocraercfl b cn/te npexme bo ero ace- 061UHH 33KOH, Ha OCHOBe KOTOporO CipOHTCH flahhoe BbICKa3blBaHHe, a HMeH aK0H ctpykryphofi oprahh3auhh 3to ro BbtcKaabiBaHHx'* [F.B. Koiiuian* CKHii, 25). 3rta<iHTejibKbi)i BK/iaa b reopnio JiHHTBHcrHHecKoro ahajuoa rekcra bhcc/ih npeactabhtejih IlpaaccKoro JtHHr BHcnwecf KpywKa, HccJie.no sahhh Mare- 3Hyca, rabpaneka, Baxeica, Eahhwkh, TayseHSnasa h jipyrax HaMertuiH pa3hbie noflxoflbi k aha/ih3y CTpyKTypw tekcra. B noc/ieflhee BpeMx pasoim $pahiiy3ckkx, HeMeuKHX, ro/uiahflckkx h opyrnx teopethkob tekcta pacumpmih Kpyr BOnpocOB, cmnahhhix co crpyktypok, OHTonornefi a napamerpamh rekcta. CpepH h h x Hy*no ynomshyrb TaKHX bhohmx ytehbix, KaK r«p o, rpeflwac, TonopoB, Jlpeccnep, BaH-fleiiK, JleBH- Crpacc, 3hkbhct. HectCOTIbKO CJIOB O COOTHOUieHHXX, B03HHKaK>IUHX MCBCfly J1HH1BBCTHKOH Twccra h cthjihcthkoh. M norife HcCJieflooaTe/iH rekcta yxce nabho aameiitrih, hto pafl nposnem, BbiRBHraeMbtx 3toh orpacjibio shamcx, nobojibho noflpocho paccmarpmbaacx cthjihcthkoh jom ks Eoribuie xoro. cau a cmiihcthka JUbiKa b ochobhom 6aanpyeTCH Ha H3yxeHHH cbxshoro TeKcta. EctecrBeHHO no3tomy, <jto MHorne hs aatpohytbix b 3TOh khhtc BonpocoB yxce noahhmajmcb b CTHJIHCTHHeCKHX HCCJiepOBaKHXX. MOJKHO CKaaaTb, 1TO cmiihcthka H3bIKa cjiyxckt noflcnopbem aab jihhtbhcthkh rek cra b rex cjiyxanx, Korna osm ktom HaBjIKtqeHKH BBJjmoTCH 4>yHKUH0Ha/1bHbie CTHJIH H3HK3 H CpepCTBa, HX flctep- MHHupyfouQie. HenapOM Kapeji rayseh & ias, robopx o pexebbix np0h3beaehh-»x, paccmarphbaet cnuib, KaK uemehikpyk>mhd MaTepHaji, h bosboaht tb k c t k CTHJiHCTHKe [K. ray3eh 6/ia3,6 3 ). ^HTarejib Haitaet 3Qecb MHOrne cuoihctmeckhe penebahthwe 4>aKTbi; ohm khk 6w BnneTeHbi b camyw ctpykrypy xekcta h npenonpenejutjot cboeoopaahe ro ro, mto b KHHre HassaHO coflepxcatejibho-kohuerttya^bhoh hh<j>o pm3 ahch. nocneohee coospaxcemie, npepbapaioluce ofihcamie cjimhha rekcra h TeKCTOBbix KaxeropHH, Kacaercfi camoro xapakiepa pasmhiuuiehkh. B3aHMOaeficiBHe flayx throb ( bhaob, ocosehhocteii) Mbic/iHTe;ibHoro npopecca - asctpaktho-cxemaimeckoro H KOHKpeTHOOMttHpHiecKOro - HBJiflercfl ojihhm H3 HanejKHbix ochobahkh fljih nofljihhko HayMKoro no3hahhh HsyvaeMoro o6iek ra. OflHaKO takoe BaaHMoaeftciBHe He Bcerzta aocthxchmo b cwiy Toro, mto y HCCJieaoBareJieit no-pa3homy o6hapya<hbaetch ckjiohkoctb k OflHOMy H3 3THX THTIOB MblCJTHTWIbHOTO npouccca. JlOCTaTOBHO 6pOCHTb CerJlblH BSrHHfl Ha CTpaHHUbi KopOTKOH CTaTtH 3Hr^>pHaa fl. IIlMHara b coophhke "HoBoe b 3apy6e)KH0H jihhtbhcnoce, Bbm. VIII, cnnouib b cxemax» chmbonax, xto 6 u yoeflmtbcx b nphctpacthh abtopa k cxemathsamm HccneoyeMbix BBJICHHH. MojKHO ItpHBeCTH MHOfO CjaTeft QaHHOfO THIia, HO B 3TOM Her Heo 6xoaHMOc. C Apyrofi ctopohw, ctatbx Kapena ray3eh6na3a b 3Tom * e c6 ophrace RpeacraBJiaeT cosoii npkmep KOHKpeiHO-aMRHprnecKoro HccnenosaHHH, x o th npeflharaemafl b hch KUaccH^rtiKauHa penebux npoh3bejkhhh He nojucpeimeha cootbetcrbytomhmh HjuiiocTpaKHHMH. T ckct, kbk yjier noka3aho HHXCe, BOCRpOHSBOOH H OJIHCbJBaH OTfleJIbKWe CTOpOHN KH3HH 6

10 (co6bit H «, x a p a x ie p w, o t h o u k h h h, pa3m bim neh iut h n p. ), ect ecreeh H O, ah ajiek npteh n o c a o e fi n p n p o /ie. EM y n o a ro M y cboeflctbenho TOKcnecTBo h pasjihihe, HOCTOJIHCTBO H H3MeHMHBOCTb, JIHHeHHOCTb H IlHKJlHHHOCTb. I lo Mepe pa3beptbibahh)t reiccta npohcxoimi noctenewtoe HaxorweHHe xonivte- CTBBHHOH HH<J>OpMaUHH, BeoyUtee B KOIKSHHOM CBTe 1C KaiecTBCHHO HOBOMy 0 6 p a 3OBaMHI0. Jly M aet ca, mto npeanom TeH»e, o m a n H o e b st o h k h h t b o n H c a w u o K areroph M x e K c ra b h x BaaHMoaeftcTBHH, n e B b ta o s e i HapexaHHH leopc TH K O B -TeK crojio- ro B. B e a b, x a x ocrpoym H O 3 a M e tttn lu eaph H, " hhmto th k He o x p b u w e T <t>ahra- 3HJO, K3K OTCyTCTBHe ^ak T O B. fcaictbl, Ha KOTOpbIX CrpOHTCH OCMblCiieHHe icareroph H T exct a, n o n o 6 p a» b i TaKHM og paao M, m o 6 b i "ocbcthtb c b o h y r o n 3peHHfl. TaKHM ospaaom, 3ajta<ia a io ft p a 6 otbi - onttcaib h npoahannshpobarb HHTyHTHBHO BOCflpHHHMaeMbie nph3h3kh TCKCT3, B03BeCTH HX B pahf rp3m- MarmecKHx x a ie ro p H it h iioxaaaib h x B3aHMoaaBHCHMoetb h B3aHM<jo6yc.riOBaeHHOCTb, KOropue o6ecnemhbaiot akt KOMMyHHxauHH b ero nparmattwecxoft HanpaBneHHocTH. J I h h tb h c t M ow er 6uTb ybepeh a c b o h x Bbusoflax to jib x o n o c n e o6pa6orkh 6o n b tiio ro KOJim eciba xaaikoboro MaTepHana. HccneaoBaTejib r a x o r o cnoxc- H oro ocaekta x a x te x c T Moacer nphhth k k3khm -to HayxHo osochobahhbim BbiBQaaM xojibko nocjie TtuaTejibHoro h B cectopoh H ero paccmotpehh* 6o;iblu o ro KOJiHtecTsa tm c c to b b h x MHoroo6pa3HH. B 3Toft p a6o t e Ha&tioaeHHio noflseprnhcb xyfloacecraehhbie npoh3beaehira, o$hiufanbhbie floxym eh Tti, ra w rb i, HayJHaH n p o ia h o p y rh e THnw tc k c to b, Ha ocnob e x o ro p b ix Bbuih npeonoweh bi cootbercrbyiowh e peutehhh nposaem. TeM He MeHee 3aM HaHHfl h oaxce BoapaweHHH mohx xo m ie r n o x a He yfieflhjih mchx b Heo6xoAHMOCTH n e p ecm O ip a ochobhoh KOHueniiHH a to ft pasotbl, XOTfl OMeHb nomothh MHe MHOroe ynbihhtb H pasbhtb. IloBbSyiocbC/iyiaeM BMpajHTb BnaronapHoctb m ohm peuetm H ram qoxtopy 4»HHOnorHHecKHX nayx EneHC MuxaftnoBHe BojtbcJ) h nok iopy ^H Jiojiorm e- ckhx Hayx, npo<l>eccopy EBreHHH H o c u 4 >obhc UJeHfle/ibC aa ttemtbje xputh<ie- CKHe 3aMe4annn k cobctw, xotopbie tt y^en b npeanaraemoii patio re.

11 r/iaba I OEQHE BCWIPOCM JIHHrBHCTHKH TEKCTA M nyxh HX PEMEHHfl /Ihhtbhctm ka TeKCTa HaxooHTcn nmiib Ha n y ru nph3hah»h ee b KatecrBe pa3- nem c*6 m ero mbikonmuui, h cobepuieimo ectectbemto, u to MHOrne icarerophh TeKCTa euie He nonyuhjih floctaicwho hcmoto ocbeiuehhh, a HeKoropwe H3 HHX BOOSlue HC HpH3HaiOTCH KaTCrOpHHMH, XOTfl 6e3 HHX HeBOSMOaCHO npeji,ctabhtb ce6e cam tc k c t b ero TwioJioriwecKHX Meprax. Tcm He MeHee HccnenoaaHHx, nposoahmbie y Hac h aa pysexcom, yxce nanu omyntmbie pe3yhbtatbt, a hx bm boaw M oryr 6bm> nonoxcehbi b ochosy 6ojiee a e ia m - hoh pa3pa60tkh cymhocthbix xapaxrephcihk obmeit jootrbhcthkh TeKcra. Eme b 1968 r. Ha KonnoKBnyMe b KoHcraHue n. XapTMaH, nph3haba«3a bhhtbhcthkoh rek cra c ia ty c pa3aena o6m ero h3mko3h3hhh, npeonaran pa3nejihtb c^ep b i HccneflOBahkh TeKCTa, a hmchho: 06m ax JiMnrBHcTHKa re n e w ; jihhtbhcthkb KOHKpemoro TeKcxa; BHHrBHcnuca mnojiorhh tckctob [P. H a rtm a n ]. B najibheiiinhx HCCJieAOBaHKJtx no TeopHH rek cra ortetjihbo Ha&fiioaajoTCH a sa nojtxoaa: cipemxehite noctpoun> 4»opMajui30BaHHyio rpammbthky TeKCTa, a m aero coanatotch npabhjia, npoueflypw, cxembi, no KOTOpblM MOXCHO OCylUCCTBHTb MOAeJIKpOBaHHe CTpyKTyp TCKCTB, H CTpCMnenne c03flatb 06 my 10 reophio TeKcra nyxem H3yneHHX KOHKperabix pew - TBOp*iecKHX aktob, 3'aKOHOMepHOCTCH HX OpraHH33UHH H 4>yHKUHOHHpOBaHHH, onwcahhfl CTHiieBoro MHoroo6pa3H«tbkkx sktob h onpeflenehhx KaTeropHanb- Hbtx nph3hbkob Kaxcaoro THna TeKCTa. IlepBbJH noflxofl 'xapakrepeh b ochobhom a m 3anaaHoeBponeiicKHx iukoji1, Bropofi a n a cobeickofi m m r- bhcthkh2. HccJieflOBatenw JitoSoro KpynHoro osbekxa, kbkhm, k nphmepy, BBJWeTCa tckct, yrpoxeaiot abc otochocth: c oahoh CTopoHbi, aiomhaaithti 4>aKTOB oqbekia, hhe>im h CJI0B3MH, ace 6oribuiee yrjiy&nehue b oirronortuo coctabjinioihhx o6bek t eohhirn ( sto Moxcer nphbecrn k tomy, no HccnenoBarenb aa nepebbhmh /ieca ne ybhm n) h, c Apyrofi rjioeamtaaiuui o&bekta - HeaooiteHKa HayHeHHH OTAe/ibHbix bbjichhh b hx cymhocthbix xapaicrephcthkax h 4>yHKUHHx (MacurrafSHOCTb osbwho 3axeMHfleT flerajm, npeactabjixei hx b HeioiHOM, a HHOrna h b HCKaxceHHOM BHae). Tckct flannercx o6 i «ktom KpynH oro M acum Sa, nockonbky oh npeflnonaraet b KauecTse cbohx kohcth* Ty3HTOB eohhhuu Soutee KpyrtHbie, tem npemoxcehhe, tlpeaotbpainehhe ykaaahhbix onachociett bo3mo)kho jih u b nph conerahhh atomhaauhh 4wktob 1 Cm.: Papiete 2ui Textiuigulstik, B. 6. Hamburg; Studies in Text Grammar. Dordrecht, 1973; Reports on TextUnguistic ed. by Erik Enkvist and Vfljo Kohonen, Abo, 1976; Hoeoe a sapybokhottnuhrbhctiike, Btin. 8. JlKBTBHcntKa rencra, JlHHrBHcnnta Texcra. M 1974; fo ttn e p u ti H P. O dohbtbh iekct*. - Bfl. 1974, N* 6; O" x e, rpammatmteckne Kareropmc xekcra. - H ie. AH CCCP, 1977, N* 6. 8

12 h k x rfto f c n itta m ih, K o r o p o e n p e a o n p e a e a e ifo cy m n o cih b im H x a p a K ic p H - CTHK3MH OdM KTS HCCfleaOBaHHH. B x apak icpk cnoce TeKCia cywect&ehhbim ab nnet ca n apam eip osbem a. T c k c t, onpeaeaeh H e K o-roporo G y aet aaho H irae, moxcct ybejih'kcbatbcn a o ahaihtejtbhux paam epob, h o Bee ace n o cam oii cboefi nph poae oh osoaphm, n o c K o n u cy kohchch. IlonhiTKH H e n o io p u x TeopeTHKOB npencxabhtb t c k c t K ax HBJieHHe 6e3rpanHMKoe 6e3no>Ka3ai«)ibHta. T c k c t -- a r o h ck h h ch b tw h MOMCHT n p o u ecca, B KOTOpOM Bee AHCTHHKTHBHbie MpH3HaKH o6bekt anaiaiotcfl c 6onbiueit h jih MeHbiueft creneh bw o n et iih B o cm. rip eacae a c e ro HyacHo cc6e hcho npeacrabhtb, m o m u hmccm h cjio c hckhm hob um o6bei<- TOM, JIHIUB HeaaBHO BKJlHWeHHblM B C ^ P Y BHHMaHHH nhhrbhctkmcckhx HCCJieaOBaHHH. 3H8HHT, He TOJIbKO MetOOU K3y^eHKfl, HO H eflhhhhm 3TOCO o& bek ia flojiachu 6u n BbiaeneHW n a n emwhubi, cb o h ctb ch h u c T ontk o 3T0My oobekty. B cb«3h c 3thm npeacrabjiaetch ow h5o<ihoh u ieayio iitafl M bicm T.B. EyjmTHHOfi; HecMOTpa Ha HeKo-ropwe o co6ch h o cth comcrawih npeonoacekhh b ic k c t c, t c k c t bcc nee h c o S p a a y e i, k s k mhc KaaceTca, cneuh* <{>meckoh c ip y K ry p b i, CBOitcxBa KOTopoft npeb ocxoaruih 6u cymmy c b o h ctb coctaarbiouihx e r o npeaaoxechhfi (T.B. E y n b in m a, ). n o a o 6iu>iH xce koh - uenukh nphflcpackbawica f la a c a a h M a p rajin r. Ohm yrb epw aaiot, m o h c t Heo$xogHMOCTH b co aa afo m TeopHH TCKCTa h <(To rpammathka npennoxcehhfi, ecim o n a nojraoctbio pa3pa6otah a, m ohcct o n u c arb a c e hbjichh* te K c ra [M. D ascal, A. M a rg a lit, j. T a n o S B 3 rn n a Ha t c k c t n p e a n o a a ra e T HCKHH H30M0p<{)H3M CIpyK TypU npciuioacchha H CTpyKTypbl TCKCia, 1 TO HCtipaBOMCpHo x o r a 6u n o io M y, i t o ttejioe h e r o ib c th He M oryt 6birb ypabhehbi h w o t c k c t He h b jix c tc h jihilo, cymmoii c b o h c tb rtpeflnojkehhh. OoHa H3 3aaaM 3to h p a6on>i noatbepahtb BbtcKaaamiyio Mbicjib n y iem a n a /n o a t c k c t o b p a a n u x th d o b. Rnn at oro Heo6xoflHMO npexcae B cero onpenenhtb ejthhhubt TCKCTa k b k HeKOcro o c o S o ro ofibekta jih h t b h c th w - CKOH HayKH, OnpefleaHTb KOHCTHTy3HTM 3THX ejufhhu H HaMeTHTb tb k co h o m h k ) TpaMMaTHMCCKHX KBTCropHH, $yhk[(hohhpyiouihx B HccneayeMOM OGbeKTC. B CBH3H c nocrabneh H bim H aaaa ia M H n p H u m o c b n e p e c M O T p e n HCKOTOpue aabho ytbcpah B iuh ecit b nhhrbhcthke fiohxthx, M H orh e H3 h h x c n e a o B a a o nepcocm uch H T b, nock O iibk y o h h nphm ehhioich k HOBOMy osbckty H ccaeao - BaHKB. Y m c c ih o ynom B H yib a a e c b c n c n y to u ic e BbiCKaabiBaHHe 3H H (irreibia, npw - BeaeH H oe M s k c o m E o p h o m : n o H x n n, K o r o p u e o fc a sa n u c b h o jic s h u m h b ynopano'ih B ah H H B euteti, h c t k o n p H o d p e ia io T K a a h b m h T ak yw B nactb, w o m u 3a6biBaeM 0 6 h x tenob eseck O M npohcxoxcachhh h nphhhmaem h x 3a HCH3MCHHO JUHHOe. T o rfla OHH CTaHOBKTCB HeO6 X0nHM0CTHMH MUUUieHHfl, flahhumh a p r i o r i h t j i. TaKHMH sagjiyxcnchhiimh n y tb H aym aoro n p o r p e c c a l a c r o nperpaxcnactch Ha a o n r o e BpCMH. n o a r o M y, e c jm m u H aciah B aem Ha HeoSxoAHMOCTH npoah ah H 3H po Baib aabho ycrah O B nek H ue n o H a n o i h y K a a a rb, OT K8KHX ycnobhh SaBHCKT HX OHpaBaaHHOCTb H B03M03KKOCTb ynotpesjickhh, KaK OHH, B MaCTHOCTH, BOTHHKaWT H3 QaHHOrO OHblTa, TO 3TO He H paaah ax 3a6aB a. 3 th m cam bim paab H B actca h x npeyb eah TeH H aa B iia c ib JM a x c E o p H, ]. OflHHM M3 TOKHX nohhtkh, C MOeii TOIKH 3pt HHa, 0Ka3aiiaCb ahxotomhb, ooasateabhoctb onnoshahchihbix napaw etpo B b Ha& iicaehhh <paktob. H c 6ec- 9

13 no/ieah O n ph B ecth b m c k a 3 bisah He J l *. J la K o ^ a, K oropbih ytbepxcaaet, <tro rehepathbhafl cem ahtmca n p H x o an T k HeofixoflHMOCTH otphitahmh o C jn arejib - HOCTH flhxotomhm: MbI yseflkjlhcb B TOM, ITO HCB03MO)KHO yctanobhtb HCKyCCTBBHHbie TpaHHUb] H HCKJIWJHTb H3 liaykh O H3MKC TaKOrO pona (paktbl, KaK qbjiobe'ieckyio cnocofihocib paammiunsib, KoKTeKCT, couhajimoe B3anM0- HeitCTBHB, nehkchc, paambitoctb, capka3m, THIIW JTMCKypca, OgpMBKH, BapHaTHBHOCTb H TJl. fcaxqxblh pa3,k0tsa MM yctah3b/ihbaem HCKyCCTBeHHy 10 rp ah H tiy, mm Haxo/iHM KaKOe-TO BBJieHHe, Koropoe noka3nbaet, <ito otta flojiaoia gwtb chhra. 3thm r «e xo<iy ckaaatb, m o b Hameft HayKe Her rpanm. fl T o/ibk o cnenaji npeanojioacehhe, i t o b HacTomuee s p e m r panhum eacenhebho Hcie3aKtT h He HyacKO yahb/ifltbca, ecaih os aacn HccneaoBaHHii Qyaer npoflonacau. pacuihpatbca [cm.: H. P arrel, 17 8)1. K o rfla 3aayM bibaeuibc H H a s c jio b o m "rpam M ath K a, K atttm aeiub oco3haban>, k «k M H oroct opok H e h M H ororpah H o at o cjiobo-tepmhh ynot pe6jm etc H. TpaM - M a rm ca - j t o C B oa npab H Ji, K aca io w H x cx o p ran H 3 au n H p e a e B o ro a i m, n p a - BKJibHOCTH, H opm bi h ee KOJie6aHMH, MexaHH3Ma p e ie ib o p ie c K O ro n p o u e c c a H apyt H X BBneHHH H3MK3 B XX CTaTHKe H 3HH3MHKC. Bo3HHKaeT BOUpOC: nphmckhmm jim T epm xh u VpaM MaTHKa h r p a MMa n n e c K a x K a T e ro p u a k xakom y o S b ek T y n c c n e a o B a tu u i, k b k h m jtb JiH eicfl t c k c t? rpammathka jdoqoto»3bnca p eay /ib iat Ha6ntpaeHHH Han (pyhlcuh0hhp ' BatnteM 3to r o H3biKa b pasjimhhbix o&iacthx lenobexeckoh aehtcjibhoctft. Ueju> 3 th x Ha&nqaeHHH - CBeaeHHe Kaxcymerocx x aotm eck oro ynorpesnehiw K KaKMM-TO 33K0 HOMCpHOCTB M, 6e3 KOTOpMX, KaK H3B6CTHO, HCBO3M01KHO nocthxcehhe n p H p o n b i aah H o ro H B n em w. C rpem neh H e B & iaenm b o c i p o b k h oprahhaobahhocth b OKpyxcaiomeM Hac pemctbbtenbhocth npeaortpeaeneh o cam oft cyiuhoctbio xebobeka k b k o p ra m o o B a H n o ro ijwkta, cmoaejibpobah- H oro nphpofioh h b 3HaHMT«itHoii QTeneHM a o c ty m to r o HaiueMy Ha&noaeHitfo. UsbiK, K3K itp o a y tc r le a o B e te c K o ro coahauhb, npenhaahahchmbifi a n a aejreft KOMMyflHKa u h h, ectcctbehho, TOxe o p rab n30b an. OflHaKo x ap ak iep 3 to h oprahhaobanhocth nojmoctbk) e w e He bm m chcti. fl3blk CTpCMHTCH RpCOflCBTeTb HeKOTOpyiO ecnopfwohhoctb MbICJIH, KOTO- p a n, S y ay x H o ipaw eh H em o 6 b 6 k t h b h o h aehctbmtenbhocth, B b iab Jiaet c b o h - CTBeHHyiO 3TOH flchctb HTeJIbHOCTM HeynOptWOHCHHOCTb, CKaHK006pa3H0CTb OTflejibHbix n p o u e c c o B. V enob eqeck ifh mo3t h u i c t sakohomepaiocth b MBJie- HHHX O&beKTHBHOH flehctbhtejibhoctm H CCJIH HX He H3XOHHT, 1 0 rh B O T ew iec k h nph fth C U B aer e it icakhe - to 3aKO HOMepHOCiK. E cjik BepHO nonoxcchhe T eo p en n eck o ft KH6epHeTHKH o to m, i t o sh tp o iih h CipeMHlCH K BOSpaeiaHHK), T ^. ITO OfibCM H KOtlfPttCTBO MeHSBeCTHOTO, ft 3HaHHT Heno3HaHHoro 6y fle i ybejihihbatbca c nocrynarenbh him obhxeehhem JioaHaHHB, t o ectectbehho npeauojioxoit b, *m> Haaje co3h3hne 6y n e r xck aib OCTPOBKH 0praHH30BaHH0CTH", KOTOpbK HayKa OTKpblBaeT B B03HaHHK MHpa. rioatom y H TCKCT MOaCHO H33B3Tb CBOeo6pa3HMM octpobkom 0praHH30B3H' HOCTH. O h CTpeMHTCH K CHHTHM 3HTpOttKH, nopo*aaem OH OTtteJIbHbIMH 1 Parret H. Discussing Language. Mouton, 1974.B KHHre aph booh ten 6eceflticocxaBHTeju ccofnutka c HanecmuMH yuegubw no pasmim noapoctm aayich o tnuxe. CcbuiKH nanrcn no umbkh cocrawrena, a (pamuntn auiopa uuckaaunafum ynomhhaetcn n TCKCTe. 10

14 npexyiowehkamk. B cbx3h c 3thm tckct HeoSxOflHMO paccmatphbatb Kate ynopftaotehhyia ((topmy KOMMyn kkb rhh, jmiuetuiyio cnohtakhocni. TIohck oprah H 3o a a H H o ro naxooh T CBoe BbipatKetwe b p a jh w x T eo p w ax p ash bix H ayk. B o S n a c w «3biK 03naH H R (iohckh o p ra H io o B a m io r o H ayt npexcfle B c e ro n o n y m m n o jio rh n. M ccjieflob am is T H n o n o rm e c K o ro xapatcrepa oajut B03MOWHocTb p a c u n tp H tb h y rn y & ft b HayMHo-TeopeTHMecKtie n o n o x c e - hhh, K acatotiq ieca B 3aH M oo6ycjiob tieh H oc m h u c a h p e n tt, 33K0hob $oho- JIOrHMCCKHX H3M6HBHHH, CHCTCMHOCTH H CTpyKtypHOH opram HsaUHH eflhhhu B3biKa, o npeflenetihh throb tio rn M eck n x (B p em em tb tx, n poctpah ct B eh H w x H Hp.) CBH3efi 3THX eohhhu H ZtpyTHX o S n a c ie ft H3blKOBOH AeHCTBHTejlbHOCTH. Oco6eHHo nponykthbhumh okasajihcb HecneaoBauHB hh*hhx* ypobheft H3MKOBOM CTpyKTypbIT tftohojiorkh, MOp^tOJIOrHH, B MeKbUieH CTetleHH JieKCH- KOJlOrMM H COBepUBKHO B HBAOCTBTORHOK ctenchh CHHTaKCHca. ABropbi HeKOTOpux pa6ot otkasbisaiot npejuioxcehhio na*e b craiyce jtsbiko- Boii enhhhitbi. OcoCekho roptmiie cnopbi pa3ropenitcb Boxpyr nohartw npennoxcehhe b nocneohee BpeMB. 3to o&bncwietca tcm, kto b aioft eflhhhue 6ojtbiue, mcm b apymx, npohbjiaercb Tecitax aaarmocbtnb B3biKa h Mbiuine- HHR, JtOrHKH H rpammaihkh, nchxojlothh H JIHHTBHCTHKH. KaKOBbt 6bl HH CbUtH cnopbi no nosoay cynthoctrbix xapaktephcrwc enhhiui ypobheft nsbika, HX 4>yHK mwmhpobakhb, MfiXaHH3Ma KX nopoxcflehtw - BCe 3TH cnopbi JIKUlb pacumphtot Hann SHamm 06 sthx ewmimax h cnococctbytot nporpeccy JIMHTBHCTHWCKOH TBOpHH. HcTOpnn rpammanneckoa Hayxn naet MHoro nphmepob nepecmotpa rpam- MattnecKHx yctahobnetuth, BBenewui hobmx nohtrnfm b iepmhhonoriwcckmh apcehan atofi nayxh. BcKKaa rpammamka b naidjbiti nepno;i pas&hthji Jtoro ypobhb B3bnca paccmbiphbanacb xax 3aKpbrraa cnctema. Co6ctb«hho robopn, Bctocan chcicma - sakpwran, ccjih OHa onpeaejmet BsaHMooGycnoBticHHocn. H B3aHM03aBHCHM0CTb HaCTCH (ROK» H H3<5eratO TCpMMHa KaterOpHH ), B TOM cnyxae cc/ih jth qacra ciporo onpeaenehbi. OflttaKO rpammannea niosoro H3bnca OKOHxaTeJtbno He 3aKpbira aa*e b flamtbih KOHKpeiHbiii neptfon pa3- BMTHH n3buca H COCTOHHHH TeOpCTHReCKOH MblClIH; OHa OCTBBJIReT MCCTO flhfl nohbitchmji HOBoro snemchta chctembi. B KaKoft-to denehh moikho npoaecim ahatiornio Me*ay rpammartt'teckoh cmctcmoh r CHcreMofi xhmineckhx SJieMCHtob MetmeneeBa. Ha Ka*noM arane abh*chhh TeopeTtnecKOH mucjik noasnatotca anemehtbi chcrembi, pacinhptuouwe Haiim npenctabjiehiu o camoh CMCTtMe h 3actaBnBK>ume HccnenpBaTettii nepecmatphban, KaK pahee Ka3anocb, aaxpbiryio CHCTCMy. [IoKa3aTenbHo b dtom othouiehhh ytbepncaerhe XI*. Jla&otm o tom, xto "rpammatnxeckaa crpyktypa nio6oro rsmkb b kohbhhom HTore BBJineTcR HeorrpeflejieKHOM [John Lyons, 1 S3]. CneflOBiTenbHO, rpammatmxeckaa crciema n3btka xbjiaerca chctcmoh h sakpuroft h oncpbitoh. HecMoipn Ha to mto TaKoe ytbep*aehne npo- THBOpCMHBO, OHO OTBMaei XapaKtepy 3TOTO BHna CRCTCMM. OrKpblTOCTb CHcreMbi a3bika, oneshaho, RpOHCTeKaeT or roro, n o coacpxcatejibhaa h 4>opManbHati cropohw chctcmm pa3hoo6pa3ho B3aHMoaeftcTBytoT; ohh tbk techo nepennetehbj, mto b pnge cnyaaes hcbo3mo)kho hx toojihpoban. b tteiux HayMHoro akcnepmmetrra. M o*ho c ybepehhoctbto ytbep*natb, n o KpOMe ^toroaonneckoro ypobtw aabocoboh chctcmu, hh oahr ypobettb ae o6xoflmtca 60 nphbaemchtw cemahnneckhx xapaktepmcnoc. 3to y *e 11

15 CiaJIO akchomathhkblm. CTOHr JIHLUb nphbecth nphm epm KAaCCH<t>HKaiIHH rnaro no B (TpaH3HTHBHOCTb/ HHTpaH3HTHBH0CTb) B ahiviifftckom «3bliCe [B.H. % ueb a, 6 2 ], nphmratem>hbix, HapewHft, a raxxce npabmia ynotpegiiehhx rak Ha3biBaeMbix complex objects (cjioxchmx aoikwihchhh) b ahmhh- CKOM H 3blK e, WTOSbl y6 AHTbCX BO B3aHM03BB KCHMOCTH COflepXCaTeHbHOH h <popmanbhoh ciopoh eahhha «3tiKa. A caiwo 3T0 HBJtmm Beaer k "oncp tn o - c t h CHcreM bi. H3BeCTHO, WTO MHOPHe rpammbthkh AO CHX BOp O&beAHHXIOT <J)OJMTHKy H JieKCHKOJIOrMIO BMCCTC C MOp(J>OnOrMeH, CHHIBKCHCOM H pbtophkoh B OJJHy ahckhimhh y. E c u rpammaxhkh, KOTopue BOoGuie He paccmaiphbawr JieKcwcy Kax cocrabhyio wacn HayKH o xabiice, noxbjixiotch chhiakciweckaa ctwih- CTHKa, rpammathka cnobocowe-rahhft, rpammamca ctkuh (The Grammar o f S ty le), rpammanuca pa3robopnoro xabuca (A Grammar o f Spoken English ), rpammathka KOMMyHmcaahh b ahmhhckom xabuce (A Grammar o f Com m unicative English) H t j i, K ak BHflHo, rp a M M a rw c a nocteneh H O crahobhtcx p o a o b m m nohxthcm, H notomy 3TOT TepMHH nphjioxchm K p«3hbim npcflmctam HCCJieflOBaHHJI B3biKOBOH c ip y K iy p b i. H o c h x n o p n o n rpam M anuco H b p a3 A en e ckhiakchca nohhmanhcb npabhjia oprahh3at(hh h imorhpobahhx npewioxceh HX, e r o v a c re ft, BKJnowax cno B a. T p a M M a rm c a H3biK a, iu h ik t J l. E nym tjuuia, BKiitowaeT... c n o x m y io chcttm y npab H n (ia K c e M cenek A H H ), c o n r a c s o k o t o - p u M K ax ca aa Jie K c m e c K a x $ o p M a H cn o A b ay e rcx to a b k o b onpen en eh K b tx yctahobjiehhbix <j>yhkuhxx; K axcaax n exch w eck ax $ o p M a aak p enneh a 4>opMaribHMMH toiaccam H. U jtx x o r o wto6 m o r m c a r t rpammathweckha c r p o ft x o r o h jih H H oro x 3 b ik a, H y x aio onpeflenh T b cpopm ajibh bie K Jiaccbi KaxcflOH nekchweckoh 4>opMbi h BbixBHTb, KaKHe nph3hakh nos yxcnaiot ro B O p a m n x nphwhciihtb r y h a h HKyw xekchweckyto <J>opMy k onpea eneh H O M y (jw pm anb- HOMy K Jia ccy [JT. E jiym < t»uia, ]. T o w e e o n p e fle n x e T c y u m o c n. rpamm athkh J l.b. IQepGa:... noonh H H oa o c h o b o h rpammstkweckhx h nekch- weckhx npabha B c x K o ro x o ib o ro x3bbca X B A xercx... HenHcaHHbiA, H ey n o p x ao - wehhbia AHHrBHCTHWecKHH o n iit A ah H oro KOAACKTHBa" [Jl.B. W e p 6 a, , ]. 3 ia MucJib Jl.B. IHep6w npeactabxxetcx Bees mb iuioaotbophoh; Beob B X3MKe, KaK H B canoa 0 6 l>ektkbh0h AOACTBKTeHbHOCTH, cymectbyiot KaK oprahhsobshhoe, ynopxaowchhoe, rax h xaoraweckoe, HeynopxnoweHHoe. Jl3biK ctpemhtcx npeononetb HeynopxnoweHHOCTb b c bo eft chciebte, Hmei n y n t oco3hahhx aroft HeopraHiooBaHHOciH h tcm csmlim chhmaer HeKoropyn AOAJO 3HIpOnHH. EcreCTBeHHO, WIO, RpOHKKftX B CyiUHOCTb HBJIBHHH, Kauie coshahhc Bbtnenxet Bee HOBbie nph3hakh flakhoro xsnehhx h pacumpxer pamkh CHcreMbi, panee npeacrabjixemoa KaK 3aK puiax. riohckk CHCTeMHOCTH, I.e. ynophaowehhocth, 0praHH30BaHH0CTH, B OfibeK- THBHOft AeftCTBHTenbHOCTH IlpKBeAH K yctbhobjiehrio OltpeoeJieHilbtX aakoho- MepHOCTeii BBneHHft, K o ropbie nonywhah Ha3BaHHe K axeroph fi. K arero p H x o n p eaeflx erch k b k "npeflenbho um pokoe n o H x n te, b k o t o p o m orofipaxcehbt H an6onee og uoie h cytttectbehhue c b o h c t b s, nphohakk, c b k 3 h h OTHouteHHX npeameiob, xbjieimft o&bekthbhoro MHpa [H.H. KowtaKOB, ], 3 t o o npeaeneh ite H yxm aeicx b yrowhehhh. H.M. K o h a sk o b iu c onpenen x et cbmo n o H x m e: 3 t o itejioctw ax cobokynhocib cyxtnehhd, T.e. Mbicneft, b K o to p b ix 12

16 mo-nh6o ytbep*flaetca 06 otmratteiibhbix nphshaxax HccaenyeMoro o 6 te K - ta, wpom KOiopoft abnatorca cyxaehha o HaH6ojiee osiuhx h b to * e BpeMa cymectb«hhux nph3kaxax yroro ofoekta [H.H. KosmaxoB, 456]. B ttom onpeaenehmh npewae Bcero CMymaer OToxcflecTB/ieHHe hohhthh h cyxmehkh. CyxcReHHe - reopveckhh b k t; nowrnie - orpaxceiuie b HameM co3h3hkh CjWKTOB O&beKTHBHOM flehctbhtejibhoctm. PKCKyX BblGBarb B03pa*eHHa CO CTOpOHW (phjiococpob H nothkob, flojdkeh 3aMeTHTb, 1 TO B OnpcneneHHH KJTCrOpHH, flahhom Bbiuie, see HCC HCaOCTatO'lHO OTTpaHHMeHb] TepMHHbJ nokhthe h KateropHa. B noh anw, no-moemy, m nero He ytbepxcaaetca, B HeM ectt JIH11K OTpaaceHHe B HailieM C03HaHHH BBneHHH O&beKTHBKOB fleftctbhtenthocth. Ho 3io OTpaxceHHe b npouecce oco3hahhh nonyvaet CBoe BblpaxCCKHe B norhk0-4>hjloco<j>ckkx KBTerOpHHX. Tbkhm o6p«30mt scareropiw ecu. nonarae, nonyrobiuee cnoe HayvHo oco3hahh0e BupaaceHHe. B.H. JleHHH Ha3bjBaa KateropHH ctynehbxamh BbinejieHHa, T.e. no3najuw MHpa [B il. JleHHH, t. 29, 8 5 ]. B Kareropwix BbtpaacaioTca onpeaenehhue 3 axohomephocth, BbwejiaeMwe b osbextax oanhoh staykh, npntcm n a aaxohomephocth c y rt ascrpaxuhh orhoiuehhh. A na roro mto6u achee rtpeflctabhtb ce6e cyiuhocn. TepMHHa KaTeropHa, cnepyer tip o m u a iyn b c m a ik apouecc no3w inot, noiopbiit B.H. Jletam Bbipa3nn cnenyiomkmh cnosamh: "C H aw a M otbm iar BneaatneHHa, 3aieM Bbtsennerca neuro, norom paabhbaurcx nohsthh Kavecrea (onpefleaehha Beuw mth xbhchhh) h KOAUHecTBH. 3aTeM liaymchhe m paaubiiunehke naitpabjimor M u o n k noshamno toacoectba paamnhii ochobm cymhocra versus flbjieiuvi, - nprnmwocth etc. (B il. JleHHH, r. 29,301 ]. 3fiecb y JleHHHa Metro, k sk a nohhmaio, eute oxem, o6m ee npeflctabjiehhe, a aarem s to ooutee npeactabjieiute KOHKpeiKSKpyetca h nohbhaetca noharae; 310 nowsthe HayxHo ocmbicjiaetca b BKne icaterophft ToacaecTBa, pasjiirihh, nphmhhhocth H TJ1. CymecTByioT norhko-4>hnoco4>ckhe KateropHH, Bbwenemfbie H3 ocuotx nohxthil BpeMCHM, npoctpahctba, ABHBceHHfl, nphhhhhocth, nocaeao Batenbh o c th, ocychobnehhocth. 3 th nohsmta peaah aytoica b K ateropiuix jthiub noctonbicy, nocxonbxy Kawnaa KateropHH npenctabjiaet co 6oh onpeneneh- Hbiii Ha6o p npsohakob, Heo6 xonhmnh nflft onepauhh aahhoft HayKH. TaK, JI0rHK0-4>HH0C04>CK0H KBTerOpHH BpCMCHH, Bblfle/ieHHOft H OCOSHaHHOH H3 06- m ero nohhthh BpeMeHH, nphcyuui nph3hakh nshxcehha, nopftnka, nmiehho- CTH, Heo6patHMOCTH, flposhocth, GeCIFpeflejIMiOCTH, OTHOCHTejIbHOCTH H flp. KateropHH npoctpahciba nphcymh nphsttakh npothhcehhocni, TpexMepnocTH, OecKOHeHHOCTH h paaahpyrhx. T an ace oociohtneno HcnpyrHMH KaieropHaMH. (JHOIOCOiJsHH, HBJIHHCb HayKOK HayK, OKaaanaCb 4>yHnaMeHT0M, Ha KOTOpOM B03HiocajiH nohhthh flpyrhx HayK, nojnepkhbato,»e KateropHH, a i i o h h th h. <huioco4sckhe KateropHH, npenomjiehhbie b npyrhx HayKax, chavana noaynafot cxatyc cootberctbyiouthx nohhthft nahhoft HayKH, aatem s t h noh anta noctenehho Boiuiom atotca b c b o h x, HMMaHeHnikix a n a /tahhoii HayKH K arerop a a x. T ax, b ogaacth rpammatmch b o 3 h h k jih rpammathhcckhe nohatha, o6pa30bahhbie h s 4>kjioco< >ckhx KateropHH. T o, a to b < )hiioco4>hh yxce 060- ahaaanocb k sk KateropHH, x a x ctynehbkh noahasma, pjia rpamwathkh nocjiyxchno 6a30BuMH nohhthflmh. O h k b c b o io onepeflb notpeo obaau bw* paootkh rpammanneckhx KateropHH K ax x n acco s (popm (npsnnakob). 13

17 TlKHM 06pB3OM, TO, MTO fllw 4>HJ10C04>KH HBJIHeTCH y*ce 0C03H3HHbIM, K sywo onpcaenehhiim nowmum, x.e. KawropHefi, juih fpsmmsthkh chsvana peaninyetch KaK rptmmatwieckoe noiw nte, Hyxcaawmeeca b HaymoM y f t i m m m, t *. BMpaxceHHH b rpammaxmeckhx KaxeropHAX1, XaKOc nohhmahhe rpammanmeckhx KaxeropHH b KaKoft-TO cxenehh Ha- bchho iak Ha3UBaeMHMH nohhnribtbimh KaxeropHHMM, o KOtopbix m ean H.H. MemaHMHOB: H&nH'ma rpammanweckofi KaxeropHH Tpe6yerca w airm e rpammanweckoro iio h h th h, nepeaaaaemoro rpammanmeck o k $op* m o h [M il. MeiuaHHHOB, 198). HeKOTOpaa HeHCHOcTb, ohh& ko, BoaauiKaer TOrrn, K oraa abtop yxbepxcaaet, h to b rpammanneckmx KaxeropHHX o to - 6paaca)0Tca b o b cc He Bee BbuouMeMue h o h h th h, a to jib k o xe, KOTopwe nonytaiot b «3 u k c csoe 4>opMajn>Hoe BbipaxceHHe cpeactbamh m o p ^ k h jo th k h u h CHHTaKCHca [H.M. MemaHKHOB, 195]. % o * e nonyqaex cboc $opm anuio rpammanneckoe swpaacehhe, rpammaxweckoe nohhxhc h h h rpammawieck&h KaxeropHH? KaK 6m jio yxaaano Buuie, jiorhhhee npeononom tib, h to rpammathmeckhe nomthh nonynaiot csoe BbtpaxceHHe b rpammanneckhx KareropHHX, KOTopwe npenctabjixiot co6o h HeKoeo6o6meKHe k jib ccob rpam- MannecKHX <)>opm. IIpHMepHO TO ace nohhmehhe OTHOltieHHH DOHHXHH H KaxeropHH HaxoajtM y Bangpfieca, KoropMH nhiocx, qxo rpammanweckhmh KaxeroptuiMH»a- 3UBaioTca iiohhthh, BMpaacaeMue nocpenctbom MOp4>eu. TaK, poa k hhcjio, JTHUO, BpeMfl H HaKJfOHBHHe, BOnpOC H OTpHIOHHe, MBHCHMQCTb, IttJIb, OpyAHe h t j i. Bee 3TO rpammathheckhe KaxeropHH b nabucax, b Koxopux ecn> cneiwaabhue MOp<)>eMbi a n a hx Bbipaacerooi [)K. BaHapnec, 9 1). ZleHcraHTe/ibHo, rpam M aw fecicafl KaxeropHH, Syflb to KaxeropHH r/ia ro n a, hm bhh, nph aaraienbh O ro, ja jio r a, BpeMeHH h jih JHo6ajt a p y ra x, K oxopoii nphcb o ch cxaxyc KaxeropHH, 6yaeT cooxhochxbcn c rpammatmeckhm nonflthem, b c b o w onepeab c o o ih o c h m u m c cooib exctb yw w eft KaxeropH eii h o tk k h h 4>hjioco4>kh. TaK, KaxeropHH nepcjiekta ecxb Bbipaxcetuie rp am M anrieck oro iio h h th h nocneaobaxehbhocih (npeajuecxb O B aniw ), x e. KaxeropHH BpeMeHH a $Knoco4»cKOM arcane, r pammaxhieckan KaxeropHH nph aaraxenbh oro Bbipaxcaex b h3m k< rpam M anneck o e nohhxne KanecxBa b e ro h h tc h c h b h o c tk h b e r o a p y m x n p m H ak ax. 3 t o rpam M anneck o e nohhxhe He ToacaecrBeHHo <t>knococ(>ckoh KaterOpHH Ka<leCTBa, XOXH H HBJIHeTCH H3hIKOBWM OCMHCJiehhcm 3T0H KaxeropHH. r pammathheckaa KaxeropHH naaexca ectb mehho npeflcxabjiehhaa b m w ice rp y n n a $ o p M, n o hx rpammaxhieckhm ahaiehhhm Bbipaacatouvix omouiehmh onpeneneh H U x HSUKOBbix eohhhu k apyrh M. 3 x a rpam M athieckan KareropH H e c r t BbipaaceHHe rpammaxhheckoro a o h h * t h h oxhoinenhh M ew iy paajihhhbimh, no onpeoenehhbimh KJiaccaMH c h o b, a xakoe rpammaihheckoe nohhtwe ectb Boiutom enhe n orh K o^w iococtick ofi k s- TeropHH 33 BHCHMOCXH. 1 Cm,: AdMonu B S. TK nonom u npeonoatektui h JiorKKo^xtaMMaxmecKMe t h r u npennomchirtl. - Bfl. 1973, N> 2; ro/ioeuh E.H. K Bonpocy o cymuocth rpamm>th>teckolt KaxeropHH. - B B, 1953, N* I ; Xa&Moem B.C. O rpamm8th9eckoa KaxeropHH. - <I>nnon o r. iayk H, N* 2; CnTKoacKu& CM, K Bonpocy o rpammatnikckofl KaxeropHH, - <Biutonor. naykh, 1966, N* t ; Bondapxo A.B. T pammaxtwcckoe ihabehhe h cm wen. Jl., U

18 nphbe^ehhbtx nphmepob nocratcm o, <rro6bi ytoxronb m «ueneh ashhoh pagotm, i t o xaxoe rpammanneckoe 3Ha4eHne, rpammanneckax KaTeropHK h rpammanneckoe nohxnie. T ak, rpammanneckoe 3HaxeHHe a to shmehtte onpeaenehhofi rpammanweckoft ipopmbi; rpammanneckax KETeropHx jto o5o6iuehhbui k h scc BUpaxcawmHii onpeaenehhoe rpammanneckoe nohhnte; rpammanneckoe nohxnie - jto norioco-4»ijioco$ckah KareropHx, npeaomnehk&x b x3mkobom coshahhh h onpenenhbiina npeomet rpammanoch. A y M a e ic x, i t o ib K oe ncwhmahhe yxasah H bcx TepMHHOB He n p O T H B o p e tm MapKCHCTCKO-JieHHHCKOH MeTOaOJlorHH H flact H8M BpaBO TOMHCC O npeaejlh T b H aiu e nohhmshhc rp a M M a n n e c K H x K a ie ro p H fi i e m n a. A n a Toro ito 6 n pack pun. h omtcaib xbnetrae pexerbopwcicoro npoaecca ero peaynbiathbhocth, H eoo xoonm O KOCHyncs xotx 6m BKpaxae T ex Hay4- h u x npeanocbtnok, Ha ochoee Korophix moxcho nocxpohtt TeopHio xexcia. OflKOB m3 thkhx npeanocm JiO K MBJigeTca H axoaneh U biii o n u r H a6n»aeh M H H a a c rp y K T y p o H, co aep x cam iem, K O M nojh ipieh T e x c ra, 4To6 m b u b c c t h o n p e n e - jiekhbie aak oh O M epnocih e r o o p n u n o a ia ih h o c M M C jn tn e r o 3Ha*ieHHe h 4>yH- KUHoHanbHbie xapak ieph C ih K H. Ilan y x eh H N e b p e 3 y n b r a r e HafimoaeHHH h o6o0m ch H H H a m a te He o & ta a te jn H O a o j i x a o i c o S n io a a ib c r p o r o c n. M etoaob t o h h h x HayK. M w crib o t o m, *)to c ip o ro c T b aok a3axenbc T a He ecn> ac com oth oe nohhthe, 6 w n a HeonHOKpaTHO a u c K a a a H a b H auiefi HayqHOH JtH T e p a ty p e. % { ' 3h k yaobhetbophtch flokaaatejibctbamh, im u ie i 10. U p e f ia e p, K O Topw e MareMaTHK moxcct 3b k o h h o c x e c a HeKoppeKTHbiM H. JIorK K nph3haet 6 o jib - iim h ctbo MaTCMaTKMecKMx aok aaarenbc TB HenonHbiM H [E0. U lp eflaep, ]. O jp ia K o aprymehthpobbhhoctb reoph H a o n x rn a 6 b trb n p e w a e B c e ro h o - cnenobatenbh O H, n o n n e c K H p a a B e p tu B a e M o ii h K iuitoct panib tto n o iik p eim eh - HOii, n o c K o jib ic y reoph H to h b k o r o r a a H ay^h o oo och O B ana, x o r a a OHa n p o - B e p x e rc x npak TtD coti. B j t o h c b x s h y M e cih o n p H s e c ra c J ie a y io m e e BMCK33M- B3HHe rih T epa ra p T M a u a : E c jih cxhtaxb, <ito n a y x a o x a b u c e a o n x o f a n p e a * CTaBHTb CBOH BblBOQU B pachophxcehhe ooutectba flhx B03M0XCH0 u m p o K o r o nphmsheahh, T o ra a c n e n y e T B B ecn i 04eH b eaxchoe HOBoe nohhtue ' a o c ry n H a x TeX H O JIO T H H 3 TO He 3Ha<IHT, 4TO HH3X TeXHOJIOTHH HJ1H TeOpHH XyXte floctyh- h o h ; 3 to snahht, <tro noanh H H ax H ay tk ax reo p H H, o o a a a B a e M a a yieh bim H, aoh xcua 6bm > T ax ttjjioxceita, 4 t o n e cneuhanm ctbi h He reopeth K H m o th h 6 m ycneuih O nonb30b aibc H j t o h Teop«eH h e e BbiBooaM H [cm.: P a r r e t H., 136]. H eo6xoflh M o HM eib b B H ay, h to reicct n p e a c ia B JiH e r c o 6 o h H e x o e o 6 p a a o - sah H e, BOJHHKiuee, c y m e c ib y io u te e k paab H B aioiueecx b HHCbMeHHOM B a p n a H ie H H TepaTypH oro H 3bnca. T onbk O b j t o m B a p K an re pacmjiehehhocib T e x c x a, JKCnHHUHTHO BbipaXteHHaH rpa<{>h4eckh, BblflBnxeTCH K 3K pe3yh bt ar C03Ha- TCJIbHOH 0 6 p a 6 0 TKH HSMKOBOfO BblpaxceHHH. B CBH3H C JTHM C H eflyei HaHOM- HHTb O Tex CymeCTBeHHblX flhcthhkthbhbix nph JH SK ax, KOTOpbie O npeaenh IO T pa3/ih4hh M extay nhcbmchhmmh H ycihblmh BapHaHT3MH HSbUCa. B p e sy jtb T a re ah H T enbtioro n p o u e c c a <]>opmhpob sh h h nkcbmehhbih BapHaHT H3biKa B w pas ot an oco6 c h h o c t h, K o io p w e n o c re n e H tto n p n o O p e jm c t a t y c CHcreMHocTH. O n p eae n eh H e c h ctcm h o cth nucbm eh H oro aaphahta x 3 b tk a h TeK C TO o6pajytoiuh X ^ a x x o B n p e a c x a B H x e r co6 oh T p y a n o c x H, b c b h 3 h c TeM <it o c r p y K iy p a tckcth e u ie ite a o c ia T O th o H3yMe«a. C io jib pa3h oo6pa3h W T H nu TeKCTOB, CTOJIb pe3k O pacxoahicx B HHX OCHOBHbie XapaKTepHCTHKH, 4 TO CBtcTtt n e e j t o M H oroo6pa3h e k xak K M -ro agcipak T H bim, t nnonorh 4ecK H M ts

19 cxem am -M OflejM M b o s m o w h o 10/ib K o B p e 3 y j» T a re 6o jib U io ro H SK onneh H oro ORblTa M afiim yigm iw H afl < yhk UHOHHpOBaHMeM KaWflOrO OTflejlbHOrO THIia b paah bie nephoflbi. Pun yaenbix Boo6me otphuaiot cymecrbobahhe oco6 oh paanobhflhqcth BSbBca - lihcbmehhoro BapHaHta. TFHCbMO - 3TO HC «3blK, HO Bcero JIHlllb cnocofi 4kHKoauKH B3biKa c nomombio BHflHMux jhakob *; Bcerna nonnchbi npennothxarb cnoby HanncaHHOMy chobo abyaawee, irauiet J1. EnyM<f»uin (JI. B jiym ^ im n, ]. 3 to h *e tom kh apehwa npmepxck- BaeTCB Axe. J1bAoh3 h ie amephkawckhe aeckpmmibhctbi, KOTOpue paccmatpheaiot 3BytamyK» pe% KaK eahhctbehho peanbhoe cyiuecrbobaune ttsbtka. O nnak O nph3h3hhe 3a ithcbmehhbtm «3bUcoM n p a s a na cam o cio H fen M io e cym ectbobahhe othioflb He oah aaaet nonhoh abtohomhh j t o t o BapHaHTa. XopOlUO K3BeCTH0 BaaHMO/lCHCTBHe ycthoro K HHCBMeHHOrO BapH ih IO B. O h o no-paah O M y npoflbnnetch y p a3hbix H aponob b pa3h bie n e p H o n u p a s - b h t h h jih iep at y p H b ix H 3bocoB. A n n u eneh H act oxuteif p a6on>i b u k h o He y n y c K a tb h s BHoy cym ectbeh H bix paarihhhh M eatfly s th m h BapHaHiaM H, n p e n - onpeneneh H bim H 3KCTpaj!MHrBHCTHaecKHM <J>aKTOpoM: HaJiHWHeM h u h O T cyi- CTBHeM coseceflh H K a. H m c h h o o rc y x c rb H c T o ro, k KOMy oo pam eh a p e n t, B b ta sa n o k j*ch3hh o ck o sh w e rpammbthw CKne K s r e r o p m reiccts. YM ecrao nphbecth cnenyioutee BbicKaabiBaHwe )K. BaHflpHeca:...pacxo*ne- H«e Meway n3bikamh iwcbmehhum h ycnibim cibhobhtch Bee Sojibuie h 6ojibuiehG ojibiue. H k chhtbkchc, hh cnoaapb o6ohx hshkob He cobnanaiot (paapaffkam oh. ff.r.). AaxceMop$onorHHpasJiHHHbi: npoctoe npomenujee, npotueniuee BecoBepweHHOe cocnaraie/ibhoro HaKJioHehhh yxce He ynotpecjixwrcfl b ycntom H3UKe [)K, BawpHec, 253]. To ace ytbepacnan h A A, noieg fw :..303HHKaer paaathmue M e*ny nhcbmehhbim h ycthbim H3MKOM rop83ao 6oJ]bUje, <KM TO, KOTOpOe AO (IHCbMeHHOCTH SbUlO M e*ay oihochtejibho apxahvhojo peano MepHoft necmt, nocnobhuw, 3aroBopa h HeMepHbiM npoctopeahem. K paanim uim rpammanneckhm aphcoeohhhtoioi ziekchmeckhe h chhtskcmeck He... [A.A. notedtui, 144], B bicica3b[bahhfl TaKOro p o n a m oxcho npnymhoxcmtb1. Oahoh H3 HaH6onee xapakiephmx ocosehhocten nhcbmehhoft p33hobhohoc th asbixa HBJisercx ero 4>yHKUH0HanbHaB HanpaBJieKHocib, i.e. ero ophetrrauhb Ha BbinojiHeKHe ks k o h -to sapawee nameaehhoit uenn coo5mehhs. flo a io M y HHCbMeKHbiH tc k c t Bcerfla nparm attraeh, KaK, BnpoaeM, H Bcmcan peab. Ho HHCbMeHHbifl tc k c t He Bcerfla cronb nphmo/ihheftho h HenocpencTBeHHO pac- KpwBaer cboio ueaehanpabjiehhoctb, KaK s to HMeet mccto b ycraoh peaw. HHTOHailHH, MHMHKa, XCeCT, camblh TKH OGmeHHH (nkajiot) BbtHBnmOT Ha- MepeHux robop«m ero c aoctanwhoh oaeshnhoctbio, b to BpeMA KaK b nncb- MeHHoft peaa, b ocogehhocth b onpenejiehhbix rnnax rekcra, s to HaMepeHHC eme Hyxoio pacnoshan., nphnaraa HeKOTopbie ychjuta» nphbjiekaa HaKoniien- HbiM onbir ahajihaa pashbix thiiob rekcra. B n o c n e n n e e sp e M x K ak p e a K io ia Ha apeam eph oe ysiieaeh H e ah ajim om rpam M a-m aeck H x h j iekchaeckhx ococ eh H octeii k h b o h, SByaaiueic peaw n o - BBJuieTcii a c e 6oJibiiie p a Q o r n o TCKCTy K ak HBneHHfo, K o ro p o e B o n n o u taet 1 CM.HanpMMep, pafioth B.B. BHHorpaaoea, A C. BoronioCoBa, H X. DIseaoBoO, ll.a.3emckua. HA ApyTWHoBoa, B. MaTemyca h up. 16

20 M KO H O M eph O C TH BHCbMCHHOH pchh. fla n > H X a flc K B a rh O e ORHCaHHe - 3 ana< ia n e p B o c T e n e u H o fi B axch O cih j u w H a y x w o s 3 b ik e, e c jih, k o h c m h o, n p m H a T b p a B H o n p a B H e flb y x B a p H a a ro B x 3 b ik a. H 3 BCCTHO, W O A H ajio r A B J ia e ic a fip H 3H 8K O M yctho H pabhobhahocth B S b lk a, a M O H O Jio r - nh C bm C H H O H *. K a K /u ta a o r, ia K h M c m o n o r B u a u B a u t k xch 3 k h p a r a u e c p e a c T B a jo m k o b o to B W p a xc e H H *..H h c tk h k th b h h m h n p to H a K a M H 3TH X 4 >opm h b jih h jtc b c o o T B c ic ib e H H o jy w A H a n o ra p a 3 ro B O p H a a JieK C H K a h 4)p a 3 e o B o rn a, x p a T K O C T b, a J in H rm w H O c rb, H e flo ro B o p e H H o c n >, H e n o c n e a o B a - Te/D>HOCTb, O SpblBH C TO C Tb, H H O rfla O fth O BpeMeH H O CTb O S b ieh a p e n /IH K a M H, 5 e c - c o ic n H e, u m p o K o e y n o T p e O n e iu ie n a p a n H H rb H C T trte c K H X c p e a C T B : B O K a n b H b ix, K H H e n n e c K H X h H e K o ro p b ix a p y r n x 2 ; o n n M O H O Jiora - jn rre p a T y p H o -K iu ia c * H a n /lc K C H K a, p a c n p o c rp a H e H H o c T b B b ic K a a b ib a H R U, 3aK O H 4eH H O cn>, B o n n e - C K aa n o c /ie A O B a ren b H o c T B, C H H TaxcH M eckah o $ o p M n e ta io c T b, p a a a e p M y ra a ch C TeM a c B fla y io iu H x a n e M e w o B, cpea C TB a rp a < J> iw e c K o ro B b ih B J ie ju w h p a a A p y n ix. B conocrbbjiehmh AByx B a p u a m o B x a u K a H eoc xojw M O o m e T i t n h He- K O io p b ie apyrnc tept W nparm aimeckoro njiana. Y cth aa pashobhahocib Bcerfla crpemhtca k kohkpcthocth, oflhoahaihoctm, hhtohsuhohhoh HenBy- CMblCJieKHOCTH. OkB OTKpOBCHHO y6e*aaei. flhcbmehhah pa3hobkahoctb asctpaktha, HeoflBOSHatHa, npcnnonaraer hhtoheuhqhho M H orom rah O B yio peajihaaumo coofimeium h paajihhhyto HHTepnperauHio. BHHMaHHe K OCOfeKHOCTHM H 3aKOHOMepHOCTHM OpraHH3a[(HH TeKCTB K ak $O pm H CymeCTBOBaHMH BHCBMBHHOrO BapKBHTa M bik a JIBJIBftTCH peay Jlb - laio M n o 3 u ab aiejib H o ro n p o ite c c a. rip e o a o n e B a a sek am H ocb am eh H bie TpaoH - IfHH paccmotpehhb UHCbMBHHOrO BapHSHTa B3UKa KaK eohhctbekhoro 0<5beK- Ta ah ajh C a, JIHHTBHCTHKa, C OflHOfi CTOpOHbl, BUHyxCaeHa OtlHCblBatb CTpOH SeCBHCbMeKHMX H3MKOB H, C flpytoh, CTpBMBCb JlpOHHKHyTb B cyilbtoctb H3bIK0BMX npotlbccob, B MexaHtOMtdt nopoxcflehhh pehh H e e 4»yHKUMOHHpOBah h b, n o B e p H y aa octph e HayMHoro n o 3 H a n n x b c ro p o H y ycthofi p e w, Ha He- K O to p o e spem B n p e n a B sasb eh w o m tcbm eh H yw p e ib. HitTepecHO b 3TOH c b h3h nphbecth C Jieay w m y io mlicjtb f t. B a x e K a ;... n o x ex n o p, noka aab ik peann3yetch jih u ib b y c m w x BbtcKa3biBaHHBx ( r.e. n o K a qakhbih x3 m k o b h h KOBJieKTHB e m e He n p O H 3 sen h h k b k h x im cbm eh K bix b w - C K asbib ah itii), aicycthmeckaa cy6ciah ith H He nph B nek aet b h h m b h h b h o c T a e x o i b teh H, n o c K o n b K y paccm atphbactofl KaK h c ih o H ecym ecib eh H o e... H o... KaK TOJIbKO B B3UKOBOM KOTUieKTHBe nobbjihfotcfl n ep B b ie BHCbMeHHbie Bbl- CK aaub auh H, a3bucob ajt cy6ctahuhb, BocnpHHHMaeMaB n o T ex n o p K ak HecyutecTBCHHaB, hco6 x o h h m o H aih H aer b to A h jih h h o h M epe ocooh ab atbcfl I f t. B a x e K,5 3 1,5 3 2 ]. C ootb et ct sy ieiiiah M e ia M o p ^ o s a n p o H 3 o u u ia h c nom ith em t b k c t n o c n e t o t o, KaK KapBAy c ah&rih30m OHTOJiorm eckhx h loioh aribhbix X ap ax - 1 H» m n p o a c r a B n a e r c a c a o p H U M y n e p u c n e i n w JI.B. U l e p Q u o t o m, <rro " m o h o j i o t B B A a - ercs s 5H «> m T e a b H o a c r e a e H H HCKy ec r ae H Ho f t «u K O B o t l 4 m>pmoa... n o a n m i H o e cb o e Cfcmte asu K o6 Bapy*MBitT jnuub b AHMore (A.B. Blep6a, 2, 3-4 ], T axoe ytbepkne- H H e 4» k t m b 8c k h ctthmter «e o 6 x o a H M O c n > p» c c M O T p e H H «x e K c r a k b k CBMOtaoeneioinero ( p a m a a a u K a. Ecntt n p o n o m n i T b Try m u c u b a d a h g u r d u m,t o m o * h q n p H H n t k aajouohebhio, < n o n < a r m a, x y n o a o e c r B e H H U n p o s a B " m ^ x o b penb 4 K u i t K n o p H o r o T B o p B e c m a H e a a n a n r c B " n o n n K H H U M C w n i e M " b j u k i. C m.: PyccKBB p u ro e o p H U pem>. lio n p ea- E A. 3eMCKofl M

21 rephcthk ycthoii pe<ut Hayxa c rajia HCKaib cywectbehhue nphsttakh HHCfcMeH- H oro BapuaHTa o a u K a, p attee paccmaxphbaemhie KaK a e t r o camo co6oit paaym ew m eeca, KaK h b h h o aahhoe. H m c h h o n o n o M y t c k c t b nocneflhee BpeMfi c raji obbektom npact anbh oro BHHMaHHH j ih h t b h c t o b. KaK BCHKHH HOBMH oobekt HCCJieflOBaHHJt, TCKCT H0-p33H0My nohhmaetcfl a no*pa3homy onpeaejuietch. flphbeay aeckoiibko H3 HatfSojiee o G u ih x flc- < >hhhkhh: PeieBoi» a x r h jih pun c b x 3 8 h h u x pcnesbix b k t o b, ocymecmiujem w x h h a h b h a o m b onpeaejiehhofi ctityaiihh, rtpeactabnaiot co5oft t c k c t (ycihmm h jih nkcbmchhbiit) [E. KocepHy, S IS ]. ITo m h c h h io XannHflea, t c k c t ochobhaa ejohhhiia (fundam ental u n it) cemakthkk h ec HeJib3a onpenejihib k b k CBoero pooa cbcpxnpeoriowehhe [H. P arret, 101]. yiomhsa 3to c jih u ik o m ogmee onpeaenehhe, Xanniweft npuxoam k m u c jik, h t o t c k c t npeactbbnaet co6oa akiyajix3auhk) notchtmajibhoro (actualized potential) [H. P arret, 8 6 ]. A. TpeHMac h o a x o a h t k nposneme TeKcra c noshmth nopobwaioiaeh cemakthkh. Jin* Hero flnocypc Owrafi - t c k c t ) - s t o c h k h c tb o, Kotopoe pacmenjiaetcb a a BUCKaauBaHim h h c «b jix c tc * peayjibtarom h x citennehkh (co n catin atio n) [H. P arret, 56], C G ahhuui noromw tekcta h c th j i h, n. r«p o cmhraer, fro t c k c t npenctabjmer co6o«ctpyxrypy, 3aMKHy* Toe oprahtraobahhoe uenoe, b paxocax KOToporo s h b k h oopaayjoi chctcmy OTHOuieHHH, onpeaejwioiuhx c tw ih c th m c c k h c 3<]Kj>eKTbi am x 3H 3kob [II. r n p o ]. M o jk h o nphbecth e rn e m h o to onpenenehhii t c k c w, n e jm u jc h h u x HHtepeca h h ju ijoctphpytonnix noaxoabi k TCKCTy c pa3hbix no3hiihh. O nnak O sa h c h m c h h c m MecTa n otcbinaio itnatejih k yxce ynomhhyrbim paekxram Jlpeccnepa h k csophhky HoBoe b 3apy6e*HOH JiHHrBHCTHKe (Bbin. VIM, 1978). ya H B Jiaer, m to b noaabahioutem 6 o/ibuih H cib e p a 6 o r, nocbhiuekhbix n p o - OjieMaM TeopHH TeKCTa, b K atectbc M at ep aana H ccjieaob ah w i 6 e p e r c a He t c k c t, a OTAeJibHbie npeanoxceh JU t. n p a B a a, b o n p e a e n e m iu x yc/iobhbx OTflenb- H oe n peflnoxceh tte m o x cct O K a a a n c a camoctohrejibhbim t c k c t o m, jio a o G h o TOMy KaK M op4*cm a M o w e r c i a t b o k k 3 3 h o h b JibHbiM c jio b o m, c jio b o n p e n - jioxceiutem. O flh aico j t o jih u b, cnapoahveckhe h b jic h k m, a e H apyujatouih e o 6 u ie ii x a p a x T eph cnoch t c k c t b. M noroctopohhocib n o u jm u t t c k c t o C aau aaet BbiAeJinn> b hcm t o, mto HBAXeTCH BeAyniHM, BCKpblBaiOUlHM CTO OHTOJIOrHHeCKHe H 4>yHKUHOHanbHb1C nph3hakh. Texcr sto npouseedexue pexera opteckoio npouecca, o6jtada>ouf e 3aeeptueHHOCTbK>, o6bektueupo6anhoe e eude nucbmennoio dokvmehta, jiurepatypho o6pa6orahhoe e cooreercrsuu c mtiom 3toso dokymenm, npou3eedenue, cocroxufee us Haseanwi (meojioeka) u pftda ocodbtx edunuii (ceepx<fipa3 0 8 btx eduncte). o6iedunemhbix / w jw w x u TUftaMU nexcmeckou, epammatutteckou, ilotuveckou, CTWiucnmecxou csmu, UMe>ontee onpedenexnyto Men&tanpaeAeHHocTb u npaemotunecxyio ycranoaky. H3 a r o ro onpe- ACjieHHx cneayet, mto n o n tc k c to m hcoo xoahm o nouhmatb n e 4»HKcnpoBaH- Hyio Ha 6 y M are y c n iy io p e ib, e c e ra a cnohtakhyio, H eopraw oobak H yio, senocjieflobarenbh yio, a o co 6 y io paahobhahoctb pem eibopiectba, HMeiouiyio c b o h napam et p u, o iju ra tb ie o t napam crpob y c n to ii p«4h. y c n ta n pemb HMeer jih u x, sb yxob oe BormomeHHe, p accw tah H o e Ha cnyxob oe BocnpHx-rae. O h s TOJibKO jihheibta. y c n ta n pem> - s t o ABH xetnte, npottecc. M ocrynateju,- Hoe ABKxeHHe ycthofi peih nphaaer ea npnahsk Hecra&uiMtocTH. 3a<])HKcK- IB

22 pobahhsh (H a 6 y M a re h jih Ha MarHHicx{>OHHOH n e H i e ), OHa n p eact ab JiaeT CoSofi JIHIIli CRHTblH MOM6HT, BO BpeMH KOTOpOrO C SOJIblHCH HUH MCHbmcii OTHei/tHBOCTbH) npohbjlhhnch OTflenbHbie lactk BblCK33blBaHHH. AllCKpeTHOCTb ycthoit p e n n HaSmoaaeTCH j ih u a b 4>HKCHpoBatfHOM BHoe. O a n a K o S y n y w B KaKOH-TO CTeneHH ocbekthbhpobahhoh, 4>HKCattHH ycthoh pehh BCe )Ke He ctahobhtca tc k c t o m b to m nohhmahhh, K o io p o e oaho b onpeoejieh H H. B ee xapaktephctkkh ycnto H pe*th n p o m B o n o ct ab JieH b i x ap ak x e p H crm cam xek C ia. T c k c t - n e cnoh T am tafl pemb; o h jih iia h m iu ih u h t h o paccuh TaH Ha cnyxob O e BoenpHHTKe; o h He t o ia k o JiHH een, o h He TcuibKO obiotcehhe, n p o - itecc - o h TaKHce CTaSmieH. T e K c r o & tao aet nfloitctbehhoii n p H p o o o H c o c to x h k c m h o k o h h ob iw ce- HHH, npeaciabhehhw H B ttocjieflobstejibhocth AHCKpeiHblX eohhhu, TeKCT aaxoflhtch B COCTOAKHK HOKOH, H nphshikh HBJOKeHHH BblCTyRaiOT B HeM HMOHHUHTHO. Ho KOTOS TCKCT BOCJlpOHSBOOHTCH (MHTaeTCa), OH HaXOflHTCfl B COCTOHHKH OBH3KCHHH, H TOTOa HpH3HaKH HOKOH npoflbjhootcfl B HeM HMIUIH- UHTHO. n p H HTeHHK TCKCT3 npohcxooht HCpeKOOHpOBaHHe C006uieHHfl. CHTHaob) K o a a. p a c c u n a H H b ie h a aphxenbhoe BocnpKHTHe, rpahc<t>opmhpyiotc x b CJiyxoBbie ch T H ajiu, He nonhoctbio y ip a ih B a x x ap ak T eph cnoch n e p B o ro K o a a *. HccneflOBarejiH crpe m a tc h onpeoemm HaaSonee oftuute napametpu lekcxa. TaK, UBeTBH ToaopoB paanmaet rpn ochobhue KaxeropHH napametpu, KOTOpbie OH C OOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha3HBaCT Bep6ajIbHMH, CHHTSKCHHeCKHH H cemahttneckhh [T. Todorov, 32]. Bep6anbHbtit napamctp ospasyexcn k o h - KperauMH npeojioxcehhhmh, (JjopMHpyioiHHMH TeKCT, chhiakchheckhh onpea eiiflerch BaaHMoomouteHHHm h nacrea rekcxa, a cemahiavieckhh oxpaxcaet m o d ajib H b ifi CMbtcii T ek cia a onpeaenaet nacth, Ha Koiopue c m u c ji p a c - naaactca. H.3. 3 h k b h ct cboaht jihhtbhcthmcckhe napametpu xekcta k ipem ochobhum tema (to p ic ), <J>OKyc (focus) hcbx3b (linkage) [N.E. E n k v ist,57]. TeM a 3to ochobhoe coaepxcahue TeKcia, (Jxwcyc cnyxthx ojih BbiaeaeHHH MapKHpoBaHHbix aoemchtob te K c r a (cjiobs, cjtobocohexahhh, npennoxcehnx, CTUOHCTHHeCKHe ItpHCMU), a CBH3b 3T0 CpeaCTBO osbcfthhehhh paahhhhux OTpeaKOB BblCKa3UBaHHH. HeKOTOpUe /IHHTBHCTbl BblfteJlfltOT n03huh0hhuh napametp, mothb (m o tif), TeMnopaabHwa napameip h o p.1 nphbeaehhue napamerpbi lek cta, 6eccnopHO, npeflctaehhiot c o 6 o h Base* Hue xapakiephcthkh xekcta a u o r y i 6wTb nojioxcehbi b o c h o b a h h c napamhobi e ro nphjhakob. OftHaKO (xwibiiihhctbo H3 nepemhcaehhbix 3aecb h MHOrae apyrh e, K oropue suoenhtorch pa3humh HccnenoBaTenHMa, He Hecyr b ce6e h h c t h h k t h b h u x noka3atenefl wkcta. B eat iakhe napam etpu, KaK Bep6anb- Hbtic, chhiakcmeckhh, cemaimmeckhk, TeMnopajibHufi arm rema, <^OKyc, CBH3b, MOTHB, HpHCyiltH pe*ih BOoClUe. Be3 HHX Her Qpouecca KOMMyHHKStlKH. CneaOBaieiibHO, ecjm b K aiecibe o k c t k h k t h b h m x nphshaxob H3ynaeMoro o 6 iek ta nph3hatb BbimeyKaaaHHbie, t o nphoerch OToxcoecTBHTb fio h h th h pe*ib H TCKCT. 1 H H T e p e c m d B a a M M O o m o u ie m c fl a n t x o n y x k o s o b b n p a M a T y p n ih, n w n p o a c x i v u r r. o co 6 o m pofla TpaHenoHHpoBBHHc nhcbmeiffloro Koflfl B ycntub. Bonee noflpodnoc HanoxceHHe t o <k k 3peHKH m KoHCTMTyatma TeKcra cm.: Cunent Trends in Textlinguiitics. Berlin,

23 3 a e c b HeoSxcHHM O y K a s a tb m to o 6 w e n p H 3 H am ioe ntwiohcehhe, hto, xoth p e n b no n p H p o n e cb oeft cn o H x afraa h H e o p ra m o o B a H H a, o n a to m ue M enee H M eer cboh orpahhnehhh, HaKJtaauBaeMbie Ha Hee o6meft chctcmos ju b n c a, 0 6 UXHM H3 MKOBMM KOAOM. OflHaKO CHCTCMHOCTb pehh H CHCTCMHOCTb HSbUCa He co B n ajiajo T n o cbohm n o K a 3 atoiihm B x 3 bik e chctcmhoctv b SHaHHrenbHOH creneh H (ho He HcKJHOHHienbHo) hokohtch Ha iipothbonoctabjiehhhx Bbi- AeneHH btx nph 3 HaK0 B. B pe<th ahxotom hh p e n e B u x enhhhti n e B c e ra a M o x e i 6 bitb c T p o ro c o 6 n jo a e H a, a HHor a u bobcc He nphmehhma KaK Meroa no* 3 HaHKH. B t o k c t o CHCTCMHOCTb em e TOJibKO HainynuBaeTCfl. B 3to m o& bek ie, KaK Mbi nbiianh cb n o K aaaib (c m. o n p e a e n e m ie ), e c n. c b o h orpahkhehhh, KOTopue no-paahomy HaKJiaobtsatotcH Ha paah u e TH nu tckcts. B o o h h x ra n a x t c k c i o b o h h BecbMa oiyythmbi h M o ry i 6t>m> npeaciab jieh bi b BHfle onpeaeneh Hbtx 6o n ee h /ih MeHee C Tpornx npabhji, b a p y r a x n m a x o h h HacronbKO paamutm, h t o c ip y ao M n o n a a m c H perjiam ehtaium. H Bee ace, KaK CyaeT nokasaho HHHte, B JII0 6 0 M th ne TOKCTO H 3HaHHT B TOKCTO BOo6tUe MOHCHO HafttH K aiero - pnanbhbie npushakh, otnhhaiowhe e r o o t a p y r a x eahhhii H3buca. >l3bik, SyayH H CpeaCTBOM KOMMyHHKaiUIH H OAHOBpCMeHHO CpeACTBOM peaah aaah H m u c j ih, a o m c e H a cb oem ct arm eck O M h ohhamhheckom n p o - HBneHHH, B CBOHX 4>OpMaX H B HX nphmenehhh OTpaacaib 3aKOHOMCpHOCTH MbicJTHTCJibHoro n p o u c c c a, KOTOpbiH b c b o h ) OHepeAb o tp a a c a e r h b jic h h h O6 1 CKTHBH0 H aeifctbhtenbhocth He K8K 3epKajIbHO MepTBblH s k t. H c c n e a o - nahhe aakohomephoctefi M bicjih renbh oro n p o a e c c a sa a a n a j i o t h k h ; peanh 3auH fl b xau K O B b ix n p o u e c c a x 3 a a a n a H3 bik0 3 H3H iut. H t o k, t o k c t K ak <t»aicr p e n e B o ro b k to CHcreM th. T c k c t npenctabxtfler c o 6 o h H e x o e 3 ab epuieh H oe c o o G m e iu fe, o fin a a a w m e e c b o h m coaepb caw fem, oprahhsobahhoe n o a6 crpakthoh M O aenu o h h o h H3 cym ectbyiouih X b Jitfrcpa* TypHOM H3 buce <popm coosm eh H K (<]>yhkuhoitanbh oro c n u if l, e r o paahobhaho* c tc B h xcah pob) a xapak T eph syem O e c b o h m h a k c th h k tk b h iiim h nph 3 nak am H. C o n e p x a H M e np H M eh H ronb H o k to k c ty n p H oc p e ro et c s o e x e p M H H o - n o n ih e c K o e y n o ip e C n e H H e, o w th H tto e o r iio h h th h c m m c ji h 3H aieh H e \ C o a e p x c a H H e K a K rep M H H rpam M ath K H te K c ra 6 y a e M o ih o c in b n m u b k HH<)>OpMaUHH, aakhlohehhoh B TeKCTO B U ejlo M \ C M b ic n K M bicjih, CO0 6 - iite H H io, aakjiw H eh H bim b npeanoxcch K H h a h b cbepx<]>pa3 0 B0 M e a H H c ro e ; 3 H a n e H H e - k MOp4 >emam, c jio b s m, c n o B O C o n e ra iu u rm, c h h to k c h h c c k h m KOHCTpyK UHHM, C m u c h o t h o c h t c h k 3 akomiehhom y 0 Tpe3 K y pehk, B w p a x a w in c M y o n p e a e n e H H o e cyxcaeh H e, CHTyaunoHHo opneh ih pob ah H oe. B a ro ft c b h s h H y x - h o B U C K aaaib HecKOnbKO coocpaxcehhh n o n o B o a y tc p m h h o b, npeanoxceh * Hbix B.A. 3 B ernh ueb bim : n ceb ao cm b icn h n c e B a o n p e a n o a c e tn ie [3 BerHHueB, ]. A n r o p 3 to h p a S o ib t He nph S H aer 3a cam octohtenbhbim npejuioaceh H em C M bicna, e c J m o h o He co o re e c e H O c t o k c to m. B o n e e t o t o, t s k o b n p en n o x ceh h c p accm arp H B aercfl K ak nh iiieh H oe c B o e ro H e n o cp e n cib eh H o ro HasHaneHHx: OHO /IHU*. CTpOHTOltbHblH M3TepHaA H3WK3. T p y /u io cornachtbch c to m, h t o H3 0 JiHpo BaHHoe npeanoxcehhe jih u ic h o CMbiCJia. TepM HH "n c e B a o c M b ic n h h c k o jib k o He M ehnet o c h o b h o h m u c jih a s T o p a. ak TH teck H TOKoe nohhmahhe c y ia e c r s a up eanoaceh H X p o a c ib e H n o aabho HJBCCTHblM KOHOenaHHM, OTpHHaHHAHM 0 6 lek TH B H O e 3HaHCHHC CHOBa: 20 h x

24 3Httemie b h x nohhmatuih ecn. j i h u a ynotpesnehhe. Doflodwo aromy no B A. 3BerHHucBy npennoxehhe cywectbyet nmm. b k o h t c k c t c. H o Beflb npejuioxeiuie k b k enhhhua CHHiaKCuca a o j i x h o paccmaiphbanch He to jh t k o co cfopohbi Toro KOHKpeiHoro 3HaieHM, KOTOpoe o h o nphospctaei b xekcte, HOlI aoctpaktho-ctpyktyphom H CeMBHTJNecKOM tuibhax. B HHTepeCHOM h rnyfioicom HCcnenoBSunm c m h c j u npennoxem ui, npobeflemiom H U. Apynoh o b o h, y6eohtejd.ho flokaabibaerch 3to nanowemte. TIpKBeny JiHiub aba BhKKaabiBaHHH H3 3TOH pasotu'. \ B03HiocaH Ha ochobe npennoxem ui, HOMHHaJlK30BaHHaH KOHCTpyKKHH MOaceT BblCTynaTb B QaJILHeHIlieM TCKCTC b KaiecTBe cyg cm ryia KOHKpeiHoro (paitra. 3HmeHHe npennoxekhh nepeffbhraerca tcm cambim Ha oehonthbhuh ypobeht. npoh cxoam coenfotehhe np0n03hthbh0ft CeKUHTHKH C HAeHTHCpHUHpyiOinefi {pyhkuheii, HnH, HHMC, BCcTpaKTHoro (HeiipeflMCTHoro) 3HaieHHH c eflkhhhhofi pe$epehkheii. Bropoe BucKaabwaHHe nojpepkhbaet conepxcaienbhyio cropohy npezmoxehim, h«nphbh3ubah ee k xekciy, a OTBJieKancb o t xek «a:... M btan He m oxbt 6mt5> Bbipaxena b «3biKe hhehc, K3K b ijiopme npejyioxehhx (Apynohobs 1976 ( 6), 16]. AHanoTHwue BbicicaabiBaHHfl aaxoflhm y H.K ). lllbeno- Bofi, E.B. riany^eboft h npyricc. flpyroe nano, K o r a a n p e a n o x e H H e b TCK cie noobepraeich H ek O TO pow y nepeocm bicneh H M. 3 to hh b icak ofi creneh H He cm m aer cymhocthofl xapakrephcthkh K jonh pob ah H ux npejyioxcehhm b h x pa3hoo6pa3hbix cemahtmeckhx penpeaehiaorhx. Cmucji He o6h3ateni.no HB/weTcn peaynnatom MexaHHiecKoro cjioxchhh 3HS'ieHHH OTRentHbDC KOMnOHCHTOB npennoxehhh HnH C O E. tlosogho TOMy KaK cnobo cbohmh 3H8HeHHHMH npeflcrabjwer cocoii "KycoqeK aeftcxbhtejib- Hocth, cmucji n p en crab H itet co6ofi VycoMex coflepxahhn. Cmucji, peann* 3yeMbiii b HpennoxeHHH, b C O E BbiHBnne-rcH b cneuhfphneckhx jyih 3thx eahhhti <J»pM ax npeflhkauhh. C o n e p x a H H e HMeer cboh, O T Jim H ue ot npenjioxehhh h C O E (popmbi npeflracauhh. Kan cmucji He HBjutercH MexannnecKHM cnoxehhcm 3KaieHHH cnob h KOHcrpyKUMii, xoth h buboqhtch hb hhx, ta x h conepxahhe He e c n cymma cmmcjiob (npennoxem ift h csepxippaaobbix enhhctb), XOTH H BblBOftHTCfl H3 HHX. CMUCJI no CBOCH UpHpOlW He KOMMyHH- KaiHBeH hah x e KOMMyHiocaTHBeH notehimanbho (oh TpeSyeT amnnhtphkahhh). ConepxcaHHe no csoemy HasHaneKHio KOMMyKHKantBHo, nockonbtcy oho o&tanaer npn3haxom 3HBepmeHHocTH. Tskhm o6pa30m, 3aKOHneHHoctb M oxet 6 w n OTHOcmenbHbiM nonhthem, aabcpiuehhocib nohhme a6conioihoe. Bflfi 6o n e c akciuihuhthoro om tcah H H ocosehhocteii x e K c ra h e r o K at ero - phh Heo6 x»flhmo yronhhtb n o H n n ie i^peah K aium b nphm enehhh k T e x c ry. npenhkao KH ipahcnohhpobbhhe (paktob H3 blk a B 4>3KTbl pehh. HMeHHO TaK, k b k m h c npeoctabhbetch, H aflo n o H K M a n 3Ty c n o x o iy io n o r h k o c h h t 3 k* c m e c K y io K a te ro p K io. B ite n p eaiu cau H H h c t b k i b p e w, e c n n m ia. HOMHHamra o n p en en ek H b ix HBneHHfl, cofibrrm H, p c k c tb h h. K o r n a h ro B o p io, h t o c m u c ji ne o 6 H3arenbH O npenh icath B eh, h h m c io b B H ny, «no rik H e HOMHiUTHBHue o O p a so - B a io u, K ak npue3d M i t m c r p a unocrpahhbix dea ippmttuu h jih c H u x e m e x u 3- HeHHOzo y p o e w i p a S o w x a tamutoauctuteckux cipanax, HnH t b m w c t h m c io t c m u c ji, h o, He o fria o a H K a ie ro p x e H npexutk ath B H ocih, He HMeioT co n e p x a H H fl b TOM nohhmahhh 3TOFO TepMHHa, B KOTOpOM OH HCnOHbayeTCa B oahhoh p a C o ie. 21

25 O onak O, icak ytca3w Bajiocb B biuie, nax ce ecjik OTnenbHbte npenjioxceh H H, KOTopbie os naaaid T npeflm canibh O C Tbio ( b rpam M anw eck O M sh a te m m st o to repm H H a, x.e. o<}»opmjiehhbie b K O H crpyk iym c jjhm hoh 4 k>p m o A r n a r o jia, KaK 3 to o n p e a e n x e rc H b SojibuiHHCTBe r p a M M a n a c ), t o h 3 n ecb m u 6 y n e M robop i m o cm w cn e, a He o coflepxcahhh, nock OJibKy oh h n m m, norehuhajibho K O M M y H H K 3 T H B H b l. H 3 3TMX p 3CCy*aCHHK BHflHO, 4TO MOXCHO ItpOBeCTH rp ah K q y MeXCfly CMbl- c jio m h conepxcahhervj h b n n ah e x a p a ic re p a npehhkarhbhocth. K o h c ih o, ajih rpammbthkh TeKCTa BMeCTO TepMHHa npeahkbthbhoctb MOXCHO 6bU10 nph flyw atb a p y r o A tc p m h h, m to 6 u He CMeiuKBaTb XBJieHiw, nph H annexcauik e pa3hbim o S b e K ia M HaGntoaeHKH. H a n o c K o n tk y M excjiy H ek Q tapm M H m p a ss H p a e M u x K at eroph ft rpam M athkm TCKCTa c c tb o n p e a c n e tu ib ia ro o M o p - 4>h3m c K aieroph X M H rpam M arm ch n p e ju io x c e iu u i, a tfucxce xcejiaa M36excarb CTOJlb MOflHOH tehnehuhh Ha3MBaTb Jiaxce H3BecTHbje HBJieHHK ttobblmh TepMH- H3MH, M U SyfleM nojibaobbtbcx o6meh3becthbcmh B JIHHTBHCTHK C IIOHXTHHMH H TepMHHaMH, HCnOJIb3yH HX B HOCKOJIbKO HHOM lutahe, KaK 310 cn e n a H o B OTHOUKHHH TepMHHOB CM blcn, ' CQnepXCaHKC, npeflhkauhh. K ak h BCHKaa a 6 c rp a K T n a n M O «enb, M o d e rn T ek cra He MOxcer oxb3tk ib a c e np>h3hakh o6bek T a H ccneflo B am ui. O r a, ecrect seh H o, flo n y c K a e r h flaace n p e n o n p e fle jta e T B03M 0xcHbie B apk au n n 3th x nph 3H axob, n a m e B c e ro 6epx H airtxw iee cyiuect B eh H ue H3 h k x. B MOHeJixx T excxa n o -o co B o M y npohbjix- H)TCH yxaaah H U e BHUie HHCTHHKTHBHbl e nph3h3kh, KOTOpblM C nqjihbim npabom m oxcho nphcbohtb p a H r rp a M M a im e c K H x K arero p H H T ek cra. Bee 3 t h K arero p H H n o n y ta io T c b o h K O H K p e m u e 4>opMbi peanraamm. Tax, H anph M ep, cpupm w K a re ro p H H HHcfjopMaTHBHOcni aro nobectboba- H «e, p accy x c n eh n e, oiuicah H e (o6ct ah 0B K a, c irry a tu ifl, peactbhe, n p H p o n a, jihmhoctb) h T jj.; K a r e r o p iu i H H rerp au u H p eajih ay et ca: a ) b <{>opmax n o a - 4HH6HHJI o jh h h x q a c te A T ek cra n p y rh M, $ o p M a x c o B tia o a io u w x H He c o - B nanaio m H x c $opm am K H O H W H auut, x a p a K ie p H u x a n a npeivioxceh H H, 6 ) b cih JiH cn n eck H X n p H e u a x, b ) b c h h o h h m h o c c k h x n o a i o p a x h u p.; K arero p H H p erp o c n e K iw H B b ia a c w e ic ft KaK KOMnoaHUHOHHbiMH, r a n h nexch - XeCKHMH CpeflCTBaMH. IIo h o G h o t o w y K ak b npejy io x ceh iu i m u p a a n m a e M flo n y ct H M u e h He* flo n y c n im b ie o tk jio h c h iu i o t "n p ab iu ib H M x n p e n n o x ceiu ih, b t c k c t c ( b e r o pashothithbix HpOHBJICHIMx) MOXCHO ycmotpetb OpaBHJIbHbie H H enpa- BW ibhbie t c k c t m, i. e. r a x H e, b K o r o p u x b h o jih o A c te n e m i w in u a c -n n - h o npoxb JtxioTC fl x a p a K ie p n u e o jih r r o r o r e n c r a K at eroph H, h tak H e, b K O Topbix uapyuiaiot C H o cuob H b ie, B enym H e K at eroph H. H en p ab w ibh bie rekctbi TeM a e M e x ee He n e p e c m o r yaob JieiB O pflt b ip efio B an im M TCKCTa. M oxcho o iu m > n p H S e r H y n k a n an o rh H. Yxce c ra B iu e e xpectom anfa H U M n p e jt- JioxceHHe 3e/tehbie udeu 6euteno c ra r HBJixeTCB npennoxceh H em, n e c M o rp a Ha TO OHO C OnpeHCJieHHUX H03HUHH CHHiaetCH "HenpaBHJIbHUM. TeKCTU B o h h h N* 5 " K y p r a B o H H e ry ra H im y jth cc A xceam ca A xcoa ca M o r y r c W T a ib - c h c n o 3H im ft M onenh a r o r o t i u t a t c k c t o b "H enpabh nvh U M H, h o, K ax h 3 b c c t- k o, "H en p a B w ib H o e, i b c t o H cn o n H x em o e, MOxcer c ia n > npnem H ebtbim h b HTOTC BBpHBHTOM "npabhnbhoro *'. PaceMaTpHBax K a re ro p H H TeircTa k b k K at eroph H rp a M M a rm e c K H e, nph- x o flh T ca, ojtk ak O, npk 3H atb, 4t o He Bee o h h HpHcyiHH m oc om y T e x c ry m He 22

26 Bcerw oco3h3«>tca KaK HanmecTBjrtouwe aaxce *am> rae ohh o6a3aiem.hw. Tax, HanpHMep, MonaflbHOcn. TexcTa b npotoaeaehiwx XeMtmryati e«ba hh hc csefleha k Hyjiw, xoth, c Haiueft tomkh apehiut, Bcaxaa amothbhaa npoaa «e CBoCozuta o t cygbekthbho-monwibhoro napaiwetpa. Tpe6yeica 3Ha«(HTenbHaa aojih ocbeaomjiehhocth uhratenfl «cpeaciaax xyaoxcectbeh* Hoft H306pa3HTWIbH0CTH, XTOSbt ybhfletb B llpose XeMHHry3H cy6lektmbhooitbhohkbie xapaktephcthkh nepcohaxceft, BuaBJtaiotuHe OTHomeHHe abropa k 3THM nepcooaxsm, cosmthjim, aeftctbhjimh np.1 flpyr*he xarerophh Texcta, Kax peipocnekuhfl/npocnckukh, noniexct, ab A am ca (pakyjibtathbhwmh h cboactbchhu JiHiub onpeflfenehhhm nmam r e x m. J iim pacnoanahhh rofi hjih hhoa xaieroptih b TeK cxe HyxcHO ocrahobhtbcs Ha OflHOH nchxojlhhtbhcthmccxoh npofijieme, 6e3 peiuemw KOTOpOK MHOfHe nohbthij ieopkh rexcta He nonyaai AocraTOtHo api-yviehthpobahhoro ocbemehhh. 3 to BocnpHHTHe TexcTa, xotopoe recho nepcnneiaetca c o 6iueft reophe>i KOMMyHHxauHH. MHOrHe nphbbuoih TOiara nncbmehhuh to k c t c uenbio cxbaihib coaepacahhe. Hhmmh cnobamh, MHiaxena cxapaerca yjiobhtb cmmcji cxaaamtoro b otflenbhbix la c ta x lexcra k H3 >tkx cmmcjiob yjiabjihbaer o6mee coflep*ahj«texcta, ho h ato Tpefiyex o r Hero HaxotuieHHOro oribira, xotopwfi noacka3bibaet ewy ochobityio Hneio npoh3benehh«, ero coflepxca- TWttHO*xoHueiiTyaju>Hyio HH<popMaUMio (0 6 stom hwkc). MHOrHe TexcTu, h b ococchhocth r e x c ra xygoxcectbehhbte iiobccth, paccxaabi, pomaiai, nbecu, 4Kwtwc,I0ptn>*e npohjbeaemw, oxaatjbawt bosaeiictbhe hb nybctba wraiejih h B036yxcnawT peaxoiuo jc-rettwecxoro nopaaxa. T e x d Moxcet BbKBan o6pa3h sphtemmje, cnyxosbie, raxthjibhme, BxycoBbie. 3 th o6pa3u oxa3wbajorca He 6e3pa3JDhjKbiMH x camomy conepaca- HHfo HHTepaTypHO-xyaoaceCTBeHHux npoh3beaeh>yi. Ho raxne ogpaabi aanacryjo He ocoanatotcfl xax Hecyunte xaxyw-ro aooojihht«ibhyk> mufrnpuaimirt Ohh ocraiotca KaK 5bi nofkwhwm npoayktom npoaecca qrehwi. C to h t ospathtb BHHMaHHe Ha HHTepecHyto ctatbio B. Aciuyca "MteHHe x a x Tpya h TBOpiecrao. Ohs HMeer HenocpeacTseHHoe ontouiehhe k o6meft npo- SneMaiHxe jihhtbhcthxh te x cta, nocxoabxy b Heft aenaetca ynop Ha nporpammhpobahhe, T. m aapahee npenotipeneji&ihoe ctpemnehhe abtopa npoh3b«n^hhh He TOHbKO COOfilUHTb CBOe nohhf^ahhe ABJ1CHHH H (paktob o6"bekthbhofl aeftctbhtejibhocth, ho h oxaaan, nabjiehhe Ha qhtatejia, HaaaaaTb emy CBoe nohhmahhc jthx nbjiehkh h ^axiob. npeayxa3ahhji HanpaBJieHHfl 3toh pasoru, - nhiuei B. AcMyc, - ^ahhbie as-ropom b camom npohbbeflehhh, MOJKeT CblTb - HOBTOpUM 3TO - H60Tpa3HMO nobeuhtehbhblm. Ho HHKaicaa nobejmiejibhocii. 3thx npeayxaaahhh He moxcct ocbosoahtb MHiaTena ot pasoxu, Koropyio oh AonxceH npoaenaib cam. Tohbko b opo- Hecce ero co6crbeioioro TBOptecKoro Tpyrn h Tontxo b Mepy xa'tectba aioro tpyaa HHiatenb Moxcer paccjibiuian> BnacmuA ro/ioc abiopa, npeflyxa3bibajoiuhh HanpasneHHe camofl pa6otw [B. AcMyc, 44]. HeoAKOKptmio npkboakmoe b Hayroow AHiep^type ynonofijiehhe nehha npoh3beaehhfl AHanory Mexcay abtopom h w raiejiem sacrabnaet Hac pacemaiphbaib camy npognebty lexcra c nbyx cxopob - co ctopohbi aanporpam- MHpQBaHHoro coosmehhh, b camom umpokom CMucne a io s a, h co cropohh 1 Cm. HHTepecHbie mftniobeiifia o npoaanehkh MoflanbHocTn: Fowler R. The Referential Code and Ni[retire Authority. - Language and Style, 1977, N 3. 23

27 B03MO)KHb[X TOJIKOBBHHK HHlJ»OpM3UMH, 3aJIOXCeHHOH B 3TOM COO0W ehhh. O ic io f la H e o S x o a H M o c T b G o n e e n a a r e n b H o r o H c aie ao B ah H H M are p H a jib H b ix c p e n c T B c o o S u ie H iw, i a a u o i x b c e G e, k 3 k H 3B ect H o, o r p o M H u e n o r a u ih a J ib - H bie B03M0XCH0CTH CeMaHTHMeCKHX nph paiyeh H H. Cnoco6HocTb ahtarena bccth "ahajior c abtopom 33bhcht o t ero amatteh- Horo o raira, nhieparyphoh apyamvih, BKyca, o t BbipaSoTaHHoro y Hero HaBboca KpHTtnecKoro othoihchhh k npomnakhomy h o t p«aa iipyrhx nprnwh, aaate o t CKnaaa xapaktepa. B ochoee jto S cbocoghocth nexcnr o6mee nohkma- HHe crpykiyphbtx napsmetpob tekcra. CTpyKTypHocn> - HeoneMneMbiH arphsyr Bcex peanbho cymectbyioiuhx ogbektob h chctcm [<t>wioco<]ickhft cnobapb, 396]. Buiue yxce robophnocb o paaamnom nohhmahmh crpyktypu rekcra h ee napametpob. B nocneny»mhx rnabax nonbiiaemca bhbbhtb napa- Meipw, osecndhbaiomhe TeKcry ero ctatyc oraenbhoro, Kpyrmoro ogbekra a HHrBHcnnecKOH naykh, n p e a c ia B a a e T C H a e a e c o o 6 p a 3 H M M b H ccaeao B ah H H s t o t o o S b e K i a h u t h HHayK T H B H O -am D H pineck H M n y r e M, n o c K O flb K y c a M a cy6ct H H tth B n ap am et p O B H e6e3pa3ah < th a k k m O THOiifeHHaM, K O T O pbie B 03ttH K aiot M ex cay h h m h h k o t o - p b ie M o r y r b K O H eth O M H T o re n o a m n b nim rb H C T H K y x e K c ia Ha y p O B em. T H u o n o r m e c K H X o G o G w eh ih i. B o t n o a e M y b K H H re BHHMaHHe c o c p e a o r o a e H O H a K a T e ro p H H x t n c c r a, K O T o p b ie a c a H ta to B e a y u w M H, a a x c e e c a n o h h H e B b ip a x e K M B e p G a a b H o. B e o b M H o rh e n a p a M e r p b i rek C T a BW paxcehm a win. HM nahuhtho, K a K, H a n p H M e p, n o a ie K C T, c o a e p x c a T e Jtb H O -K o m te n T y an b H a a H H ^> opm auh n, H ek O T O pw e <]>opmbi n p o c n e K iu ih, c u e n a e H u a h a p. E c re c ib e H H O, a r o HbHUDW HTHue rp a M M a th a e c K H e K at ero p H H K H T epnpeih pyiot C fl b CBe- r e o G iu e ii T eoph H T e K c ra, K O T O paa H a c ro iia K B o B b ia B H ra e r H eo G x o n H M O cn. y c M a ip H B a ib B K p y im o M o S b e K T e t o, mto n o a c K a 3 a H 0 B 3 an M o o rh o u ieh H em l a c i e f t a e a o r o h a t o b KOHeaHOM H T o re ro x c e n o f lb n a c n to a o r m e c K O H HHTep- n p e ra u H H, x o t h h H e«3bik O B bim H c p e a c ib a M H. H m c h h o H a S a to a a e M O e a a e r a n H T B H c ry H M n y n b c B C K p b m. ah H T B H C nw eck H e sakohom ephocth, b K O T O pw x H eh ag n x taaem O e ro x c e c e G a n p o x B J ia e T. P a c c M a T p H B aa n a p a M e r p b i ( r p a M M a tm e c K H e K a re ro p H H ) r e K c r a h n u r a a c b BbLHBKTb H ek O T o p b ie T H n o n o n w e c K H e a e p t b i s T o r o o G ie K T a, a o t n a i o ceg e o t a e r b n p H H U H in tan b H b ix p a a a i m t a x, c y w ec T B y io ia K X M excay x y a o x c e c ib e H - HblM H TeKCTBMK H HCXyHOXCeCTBeHHWMH OtjxUIW UIbHblMI! QOKyM ehtam H, r a a e m o f t H H 4>opM auh eh, nayah O H n p c o o f t. K ak Gm j io C K a 3 a n o, b K axcaom H 3 <]>yhkithohaabhtdx c m r i e f i a a b o c a n o -p aah O M y p e a a r o y w i c a r p a M M a -n n e - CKHe K a T e ro p H H h H e B ee o h h o G a a a re jib H O n p e a c i a B J i e i u i. B xyaoxcect B eh H O M n p o iq B e n e H H H 3 cret H K O -no3h ab at ejibh aa <}>yhkipui T p a H c ^ o p M H p y e r B ee a p y r a e $yh K K H H a s b ik a, n p e n o M J ia a h x b xcenaem O M H anpab neh H H. B a p y r a x T e K C ta x o h h B b ic T y n a w r b H enpeaom JteH H O M B H ae. TeKcr KaK npoh3beaehhe peaetbopaeckoro npouecca Moxcer Gbm. noa- BeprHyT anajihsy c ToaKH 3peHHa cootbercibha/hecootbctctbha KaK km-to ogiuhm aakohomephocra m, npuaem 3th aaxohomephocni aonxofbi paccmarph- BaTbea KaK HHBapMaHTbl TeKCTOB Kaxcaoro H3 (JtyHKUHOHBJIbHblX crarieh. Tojibko raxoe HHayKTHBHoe uccaeaobahhe nomoacet onpeaenktb ogutyto THnojiormo rekcta. B c b b 3h c 3THM noabnaetch HeoGxoaHMocib aatb onpeaenehhe npa* B iuibh octh * tekcra. Ilo a n p ash JibH bim H lekciamh n p e a a a r a e T c a n o H H M a n. 24

28 t a x we, b KOTOpwx co6moflehm ycnobhji, y K u ah H u e b u u k b o6m em o n p en en e- h h h tek cra, t. coorsetctbhe conepxcaioui t e x c i a e ro HaaBaHKio (a a ro n o B x y ), sabepm ehhocib n o o th o iu c h k io k HaaBaiuuo (s a ro n o H x y ), JiHTepaTypHaa ocpasotahhocn, x apax iep H aji o n x n a m io ro <t>yhxmiohajibhoro c th jih, Ha- IDNHe CBepX<t>pa30BblX eflhhhu, O&beflHHeKHblX pa3hbimh, B OCHOBHOM JIOrHHec k h m h t h u m b CBX3H, HaJi>«He nejiemuipabjichhocth h n p arm at m ecxoft yctahobkh. nohbthe UpaBHJlbHOCTH B8*HO HOTOMy, 1TO OHO O K I B03MOXCHOCTL yctahobhtb HHBapHaHTHOCTb H BBpHBHTHOCTb pa3hbix THROB TCKCTa. flpabhjifchoctb TSKCT8 B TOM nohhmahkh, O KOTOpOM y * e TOBOpHJlOCb, yctahabimbaei h rpahhipj otkjiohemui o t n x b h h h u x ycaobhh npabhjuho* cm. ripabhnuioctb gaer bo3mobchocib HexoropOH <J>opMajiH3auHH Texcra b npeaenax, nonycxaem ux 6oju>iiih m pa3hoo6pa3nem tck cto b. YMectHO aaect nphbecm samexahite Maxonea o t o m, bto 4>opMajiH3M ueheh Tonbxo b to m c n y w, xorna HccneflOBarenb us xaxcnom w ary KpHimectCH othochtch x Hnee ^opmaidoaohh h xorna on ro ro s OTKasaibc* Him Monn$HmtpoBaib $opm anuiud m ctoh, ccjih taxoa Meron nepecraer 6h t b cnyrofi h crahobirrcft X09HHHOM [H. P arre l, 262]. B Ha my sana^y He Bxonima (JtopMarooamu xax Meron o6 o6 u k h h h HsSnmnaeMfeix 4» k t o b. Eme cjih iu k o m Mano HaxoiuieR- Horo MaTepHana, bto6 h noctpohta uenbhyio a6ctpaktho-teopetmecxyw Monena Texcia, nphmchhmyxi x o BceM iexctam. ConepacaTenbHa* ctopoha texcra nphooperaet flomhhhpyiouiee sh aw m e, a, x ax h3bcctho, m c io h m ^KipMamoainm otoh ctopoubi «3bixOBoro BbipaxceHHH eme n o rm He pa3- pasorahm. KpoM e t o r o, M H om e TeK ciw, x a x a to 6 y o e r noxa3ah o HHxce, o 6 n a a a» T ciioco6 hocim o BbipaxtaTb hc tojibko to, bto noobepoiceho 6yxBajibHOfl m rrep - n peram ih, ho h to, mto BtHHyro b tckct acconhaipuim H h KOHHOTamuiMH, n q o u c h Heoco3HaBaeMbiMH. B xaxoh-to cienehh npab H.3. 3 h k b k c t, ycmatphbaa onpenenehhuh H30Mop$H3M x ateroph H npabhiibhocth b npennoxcetuih h b TexcTe [N.E. E n k v is t, 11]. K a x b irpeonoacehhh, r a x h b TexcTe npab w ib- Hocrb n p e n n o n a ra e r H exoe cootbctctbhc c ycrahobjiehhbimh KOpMaMH o p ratm - 39UHH BMCKaSMBaHHH. EOJIbUIHHCTBO TCKCTOB C TOMKH 3peHHH HX OpT3KH3aitHH CTpeMHTcx k co& itonenh» HopM, yctahobhehkbix a n a nahhoft rp y n n w tc k c to b (4>yHxUHOHajibHbix cthjieii), h tc m cammm x a x 6 u conpoih B Jin e rc a H apyw e- HHIO npabmjlbhocth TCKCTa. 3 to, o /m a x o, He B cern a othochtch k xynoxect B eiatbim TexcTaM, x o T O p u e, XOTH H noflahhawtch HeKOTOpbIM OGmenpHHHTHM HOpMaM 0praHH3aUXH, s e e x e coxpam uot 3HawreJibHyio norno axthbhoro 6ecco3HaTenbHoro, x o T o p o e H e p eax o B3pMBaer n p a B H u u io c n h BJiHaer Ha xap ax T ep oprahhaaiihh Bbi- CKa3btBaHHH. H exoro p b ie HCH xonom yrsepacaaio T, b to HcxyccTBO SyKBajibHo n p o - HH38H0 axthbhoctbk) 6eCC03Hai«nbHOrO Ha BCCX CBOHX ypobhhx - OT HaH- 6 once anem eh raph ux n o H ansonee b m co k h x BaccHH, A.C.npaHrm ubm - h h, A.E. Ulepo3Ha, 6 8 ]. E cim He nphhhmaib b o BHHMaime n p eysenm eh H e akthbhocth 6ecco3HaTenbHoro b xynoxcecreehhom TBOpiecxBe, t o m ojkho corn ach ib cx c abtopamh b to m, <cto neocosh ab aem ue BJiexeHHH, G e so n erh b ie uepexthbahhh oxaabm aw T HHOrna 6 o n b u io e BfiHHHHe Ha (^opmhppbahhe x y n o - 25

29 XeCTBeHHbIX 06pa30B*. IbBOpHTt B TSKKX OiyOXX. 0 KaKOH-TO (J)0pManH3aHHH boo6iuc n e nphxoamtch. TpynHO, a HHorna npocro hcbosmoxcho onpenejmir. m othbu 'uiehemw TeKCia Ha OTfle/ibHbie cermehtbi, no m m BhyTpeHHHe HMny/ibcw akryamoaiwh Toro mm HHoro orpbibka jehrcta. Ojuuiko HHTepnperapoBaTb c no3hiflih ynopaflo*iehhocth bchkha tc k c t - aanana /ihhtbhcthkk T«ccta. Hcxonn 113 3th x coo6pabcehhh, Kaxeaan rpamma-nneckan KareropHH noobepraeicn homh He Tonwco TeopenwecKOMy ocmbicnehhio, ho munoctphpyercfl anajimactm KOHKpeiHMx nphmepob. A btop Haaeerca, i t o HCKOtopan HepaBHOueHHOCTb xakoro aaam ai He 3areMH«eT ochobhmx xapaktepkcrfoc Kaxcnoft H3 lcarerophk. nom>ttk8 ocbethu KaKoe-ro TeopennecKOe nonoxceinie Ha KOHKperHUX nphmepax nphxoflht b ctqjnchob«hhe c camhm 4>aKTOM h aactabjiaet nepe- CMaTpHsan h yrotohtt j t h TeopennecKHe nonoxcehh*. TeopenmecKHe nanoxcehhh 3TOH k h h th pe3ynkrat ctpemnehha oncpwn> onpegenehhyio BuyrpeHhkho ynopanmichhocn., BMpaxceHHyio b cootberctbywmeft oprahioauhh ofipaaob h Mbicned. 3cTennecK0e ynobnetbopeime huts Ten* cbjtaano h 3a- BHCHT OT nohhmahhh 3TOH ynophflcmtehhocth. HtOSBI npohhkhyn B 38KOHO- MepHOCTH tc k c th, cytuectbehho HeoCxQHHMO ybhflen. ynophnoheimoctk b KaxcyuteScn HeynopnncweHHoorH, nonbepntyn> ahanhay HBJieHHx b hx rnyshh- HblX CBH3HX H TCM CBMbIM HtHTH CHCTCMHOCTb 3THX SBJieHHH. rjiaba II BHUbl HH«OPMAItHH B TEKCTE KaK MHOtO CKOMHO HtCKtlMHHblM. TepMHH HHc{>opManmt ynotpefywerai b flnyx 3HaaeHHnx: o6menphiutom (B htobom ) h TepMHHOJtonnecKOM. lio n HH^xjpManHeii b nepbom ahaqemot nohhmaetcn BCHKoe coo6mehhe, o< >opmjiehhoe KaK criobocoqetakhe homh- HanrBHoro xapaxiepa. 3 to moxcct S a m npeanoaceuhe, b kotopom coodmaiotch KaKHe-io (JtaKTM, comeiahhe npeftnoxceioih (csepx(]>pa30boe ennfictbo h a63au), uenbhhiu tc k c t. HHtjjopMauHa b tskom nohkmamm o6w m o oioxcnecr- BJineicn c HOMHftamieH, cmmcjiom, conepxcaimem. Tan, npabomepho b o6menphhhtom ynoipefinekhh Ha3Ban HH^opMattHen coosmehhn nm a: oh npueder 3oarpa hjihx m e n t xovy ecrb. Biopoe 3HaieHne repmhha "HH^pMauHn ynotpe&inetcn b pasoiax no TeopHH KOMMyHHKamm, ho npennojiaraex Hcnonb30Banne stoto tepmhha nuuib nph nonywhhh hobux CBeneHHM o npenmerax, nbjiehhnx, oihoiitehnnx, COQWIMflX O&beKTHBHOft flchctbhtejibhocth. TaKHM ocpaaom, HayWHO-TepMH- HononmecKoe anaiehhe HHcJtopMaium CHHMaeT HeKOTOpyw Heonpenenen- Hocib b yxce BOcnpHHniwx h ibcthmho no3hahhbix npeomeiax h «BJieHH*x. HeonpeneneHHOCTb - cbohctbo mhotkx hbjkhhh, <}>aktob, coshthh. B TeopHH 1 B 3 t o A p a C o T e n u c K i a a H a k h t c p c c h m, x o m h s e c t M a c n o p K a x mw c jb. o t o m, n o " o h b o B m 3 xjpaktepi*eftuihx ococehhocrejt H e o c o 3H a s a c m o A t t a c m H e C K o A n e n r e n b H O C T H n n n * n c n h m c h h o t o, <rao h i ee o C H o s e H e p e n x o B o a d K K t e t 3H u m e, x o r o p o e H e M O * e r C u r t n o c n t n i y T o n p H o n o p e h i pu t Hc a un b H u J l, n o n m e c i a i B, aepfianhsyekufl h n o a r o M y o c o a H U b e M b d l oiiut" { ). 26

30 KOMMyHmcamuf Mepa HeonpeaeneKHociH o6o3ha<taetch tcpmhhom w rponh fl h noatomy tnojiopmaiuin paccmatpkbaetch KaK He'tto npoihbonocrabjiehhoe JHtpOIIHH. Tskhm ospaaom, b HayHHO-TeopennecKOM nnahe He Buncoe coo6memie HeoeT b cede KH<J>opMauHK). A. Mapnme cnpabeaniibo sameqaer, i t o tcpmhhm KK$opMai(iM k KOMMyHHKamm He cobnaaajor. 3 to repmhhm pa3hbix ypobheft. Ojxhh He HCKJiKwaeT apy roro. Ohh pa3jihmhbi [cm.: H. P arret, 235]. B KHHre MH([)OpMaTHBHOcn> enhhmu, jobuca [H P. ranuiephh, 1974] caenana n onunca bmhbhti. cnoco6hocn> 3ByKOB, MopijwM, cjiob, cjiobocoiera- HKft, CHHTaKCH^eCKHX KOHCTpyKUHH H CTWIKCnweCKKX HpHSMOB yuactbobatt B KOMMyHHKaUHH nytcm MOJVt$HKaUHH CBOHX $OpM H 3Ha<KHHH (HCKCHVeckhx h rpsm M anneckhx) b npottecce hx 4>yincuHOHHpoBaHHH. H HMe» b BHfly He TOJibKo ipopmbi, 3afcpeiuieHHbie 3a sthm h ejsaomam H asbwca b cnobapjix h rpam M am cax, ho h natehihue nphanakh, nphcywhe sthm eahhhaamb cuny hx oco5oro xap ax rep a, o i/n n aio iu ero hx o r shskob a p y n rx cem Hormeckhx chctcm. B tu io caenaho n p eanonoxeiw e, hto cbmh no ce6e 3th eflkhhiui He HecyT tcucoft jih6o hh^opm skhh, ho, yvacrbyx b npoaeay p e chhthh 3HTpo- HHH, CnOCOCKbt 3KTHBHO COfleHCTBOBaTb 4>OpMHpOBaHH10 CMbJCJia OiaenbHUX eflhkkk BblCKaabJBtKHH H B KOHCHHOM CMeTe 3<j)<]>eKTy COOSmeHHH.. K areropm i jdkjjopmbujoi oxsatbibaei p a n npo&nem, BbixoAfumix aa npeaejiu mhcto jnthtbhcnweckoro xapaktepa. O ana H3 hhx npocnema HOBoro (HeHaBecTHoro). COBepuieHHO onebhoho, it o KOBoe He mobcct paccmatph- Barbca BKe ynera coiwanbhbdt, noocononw eck K x, HayHHo-ieopeiHHeCKHx, o6mekyjibryphbix, BOapacrHbix, BpeMeHHtix H a p y n tx $aktopob. A nn oflhoro nony^aiejui coo6mehhe 6 y a e i ho bu m h notovry S y a e r BKJim arb HH<j>opMaiihio, flaw a p y ro ro 3to»ce coosniehhe fiy aet jmuteho HHi)>opMaujiH, nockonbky coaepxcahhe coo6 ukhhh emy ywe HaseciHo hjih BooGme HenoHHTHo. T o, hto Win onpeaenehhoro BpeMeHH 6bino hobmm, ojih nocjieayioiaero yxce H3BecTHo K i.a. Hpyroft Bonpoc - aehhocn. nojiyqaemofi HH(]>opMauHH. 3aecb m u yxte BiopraeMCn b o&iacrb 4*miioco^hk, k b qactkocth b oukh H3 pa3renob aciethk h akceojiorhio. Msbcctho, h io HH<J>opMaurai, nobtopjmcb, repnex cbow uehhoctb h b Htore nepeciaer C urb HH^pMatweft. Tanxce H3BecTHO, «no HeKOTOpbie TeKcru HMeior Henpexoanayto aeimoctb. Hx 3cieTHKo-no3KaBa- TenbHoe hjih Haymioe 3HaqeHHe Bceraa ocraetcx B cokpobhiijhhae qenobeneckos KyJibrypu, Ohh cn y x ar hoctohhhum hctomhhkom HOBoro h noaxomy Bceraa HH( >OpM3THBHN. A H aiua pa3kux bhrob HHtfjopMaioiH, npobenehhuft Ha ocphuhanbho-neno- Bbix, ra a e m u x, xyapwectbetmux, ny6jduuicniheckhx rek crax, nonaaaji, ito HH^opMaiaw KaK ochobhan KateropHB tckctb h, noa<iepkhem, othochmaach tojibko k tek cry paanhhha no cboemy nparm attneckom y Ha3KaqeHHio. npeactabjuietca nenecoo6pa3hbim paanhhatb HHtJjopMaiuito a) coaepxcatenb- Ho^>aKTyajibHyio (C H), 6} coaopxcatenbhohcora^ntyanbhyto (CKH), b) coaepjraiejibho-noai^kctobyio (C I1H ). CoflepxaiejibHchJiaKiyanbHaa HH4*opMaaHfl coaepjkht coocwehh* o 4>aKtax, cosbithhx, npoaeccax, npohcxoamuhx, npohcxomibuihx, Koropbie B yayr npoucxoaktb b okpyxcaiomem Hac MHpe, aeftcibhtejibkom hjih Boo6pa*aewioM. B tbkoh HH^opMamm MOryr SbiTb a a n u CBeaemtfl 27

31 o rknotc3ax, BbinBHraeMboc yaekbimk, hx airnkp^x, BoucKe conocrabjieioui 4>aKT0B, hx xapaktephcthkh, pashoro pona RpeqnonoxceHHH, B03M(mcHue peiuehhfi nocrabjiehhbix Bonpocoa h np. CoflepxcaT&rtfcHO-^wjcTyanMKUi HH4)opMamu akcnjihuhiha no cboch npapofle, t ^, Bcerna Bbipaxcera BepGanv ho. Ebhhhuh H3bDca b COM ogbrho ynotpe6nh»tcjj b hx npkmbix, npenmei- HO-jiortnecKKX, cnobaphbix shawmrax, aaicpennekkbix aa aikmh bw hhibm h couhankmo-ofiycnobnehhbim onbirom. C o n e p x a i e a b H O - K O H u e n x y a a i H a a HH<jiopMiiiHa coogntaer <nrrarejiio KHAKBHAyaribHo-aBTopcKoe nohkmame o iro iik k h h Mexcny HBJKHHHMH, OOHCaHHUMH CpeflCTBaMH C<I»H, nohhmahhc HX nphmhhho- CJteflCIBeHHUX CBaaefi, HX 3HaqHMOCTH B COmajIbHOH, SKOHOMHSeCKOft, nojih* THMeCKOH, KynbiypHoS bch3hk Hapofla, b k h w im othoujchhh Mexcpy oiflejib* HblMH HHSHBHnyyMaMH, HX CJlOBCHOrO nchxononfkckoto H 3CTeTHJCO-n03HB- BaTcnbHoro BaaHMOfleiiCTBHB. T anaa HH^xjpMamui HSBJieKaeTca H3 Bcero npoh3benehm h npencrabjiaet co6oh TBopaeCKoe nepeocmmcnehhe yxaaah- KMX OTHOURHHH, 4>aKTOB, COGmTMH, npoucccob, npohcxoflhuihx B ogmectbc h npencrabnehhbtx nhcarenem b coawumom hm BooGpaxcaeMOM MHpe. 3 io t MHp nphgnhxcehho o ip ax o er o6bek7hbhy» aehctbhtemnoctb b ee peaaahom BoiuioiqeKHH. CKH He Bceroa Bbipaxcera c nocratoahoft kchoctbio. O ra flaer bo3m o*hoctl, h aaxce racrohtejiufo ipegyei, paahbix tojtkob3hhh. TaKHM ogpasom, paajnpoie Mexcny COM h CKH moxcho npenciabhtb cege tcan HrapopMamuo CbiraftHoro xapakrepa h HttpopMaumo aciethko-xynoxcecrbehhoro xapakiepa, npraem non GbiTH&ttiM cnenyei nohhman He TOJibKo flehctbhrenbkoctb peanthyw, ho h BooGpaxtaeMyw. Paajuraie 310 BecbMa ynatho Bbipaxcero T.B. CienaHOBbiM: " E u th h to h ibma bm m i pe$epeht B flehctbhtenthocth, HCTHHHbjfi H/IH MHHMbIK ( i.e. B HeHCTBHTejlbHOCTH BooGpaBceHHH, <J)anTa3HH), npeamenibih, Bemraifi hjih nneajibbbia. IIo3th- MecKaa tomb ectb GuTHftraa rema, ciabiuab npenmctom acrenweckoro ocmbtcnehhh h BbipaxceHHn [r. CtenaHOB, 12). CoAepxcaTejibHO-KOtoten- TyajibHM HH()>opMaiDW - npehmymecraehho Kareropiui tc k cto b xynoxcect- BeHHbtx, x o th MOxceT Gwib nonyrara H3 HayvHo-noaHaBaTenbHbix tckctob. Paajurme saecb jwuib b tom, <jto CKH b rayw btx TeKcrax Bcerna Bbipaxcera nociatoroo hcho, b to BpeMfl KaK b xyaoxcectbehhmx (noxcanyft, 3a HCKJiKnekhcm MOpanbHo-nHnaKTHBecKOH noaahh) nnx nekoahpobahhs CKH TpeGyeiCH MUcnHienbrax pagota. B npeonaraemoft KHHre CKH Gyner HJunocrpHpoBaibCfl jminb r a xynoxcecibehhwx xekctax. TaKHM o6p»30m CKH 3to KOMiuieKCHoe nohbthe, HecsoAHMOe k Hflee npohsbepehhh. CKH s to aambicen abtopa iu d o c ero cooepxeatenbrajx Hirrepnpe- TaEVU. 3TOT BHA HH^OpMaqHH CHHMaei 3HTpOIIHJO 3CTeTHKO>n03ttaBaTe)IbHOrO nnara. C o n e p x c a ie n b H o -n o A T e K c io B a a HH$opMaiiHH n p e n - c r a B n a e r cog oii ck p b rry to H H ^ o p M a u m o, R 3B n ek aem y n u a COH G n aro n a- p a chocogkocth eokhhu H3biKa n o p o x m a rb a c c o u r a i HBHMe h KOHHOTaraBHMe 3HaqeHHa, a laicxce G n a ro a a p a crocoghocth npennoxceh H ft s n y r p H COE n p n p a* t t H B a n CM btcjiu. CITH - OaKynbrarHBHaa HH^opMaiow, ho Koraa ona nphcytctbyet, to bmcctc c COM ogpaayer cboeogpaahbifi tckctobwh KompanyHKT. IIonpoGHee 0 CnHGyneT ckaaaao b KOHue pa3aena. 28

32 PasmnHe Mexcpy COM h CKH pabho yxce oco3nano TeopentKaMH JMTepaiypoBCflCKKH, ho no-pa3homy onpepenaeica. TaK, M. S bxthh copepxcarenbho- KOHueniyajtfcHyio Htt$opMai(Hio Ha3braaer acrentaeckhm ooicktom... b ommhe ot caworo BHetimero npoh3bcpehha, Koiopoc ponyckaet,., npexcpe Boero nepbhiho no3habarejibhbih (nopxop), to ecn> aybctbehhoe BocnpHante, ynopapoaehhoe nohamem* [M. BaxiHH, pecb oaeitb tohko nopmeaeho paannhne Mexcpy C<t>H h CKH: "BneuiHee npohabepetme ( to, mto Mbi Ha3Wb b c m C<M4) ectb <iybctbehhoe BoenpHXTHe", ho ynopxpoaetthoe nohani- T.e. IUlBHOBO-OpraHH30B3HHOe B njjoctpahctbgkho-bpemehhbix npothhtehhhx. Ho oho xce cnyxotr a n a Bburaneinui CKH. t1ph6tnn3htejibho o tom xce ithiuet B. Meftcf*, tcorpa oh Ha nphmepe 6acHH poka3mbaet HeoQxopttMOCTb pa3flenehhh <j)a6ynbi h MOpanH, nprnem nopapok H3JI03KBHKH XMeeT (IpHMOe, XOTH H npoh3bojlbhoe OTHOUieHLK K KOHpeniyanbHOH icbpopmauhh [cm.: H.P a rre t, 14]. HKAHBHpya/tbHoe nohhmahhe h b jtc h h h h < >bktob h c B c e rp a jie rk o b m h b jih - eic H oph aresa th rek C ia. tf a c io K o n p en ry ajib H ah H H ^ o p M a u p a, n o n y a a e M a a H3 G e rn o ro osh ak omuchhh c tckctom, o G p e ia e r G o nee rn y G o K o e c o p e p x c a m te nph nob ioph O M *rrehhh, nph G o nee npnctaabh O M bhhm3hhh k o rpenbh bim aacih M T tk c ra. 3 t o o m o c v n c a rnab ttw M o 6 p a 3 0 M k n p o K a s e a e in ia M v tc K y c c re a. " C ta n n e c K H fi n p O T o m n (K a p u th a ) cn y x o tt im iiib cb oeog paah H M to b h k o m p a a p a G o iu h h ty h p h h, n p H B o p a ip u M b peftctbhe mcxbhhsm B oog paxceh H a" [P.A. 3 o6 ob, A.M. M ocienah eh K O, 16]. FlopoGHO a io M y C4>H / m u a to jih o k p n a p a G o iw M ex aiw sm a p a c K p b tm a CKH. C4>H jn tu ib nepeph H ft n n ah npoh 3B epeh H a, rpammathheckaa KareropHH HH<j>opMant9HocTH, npencrabjiawm aa cogoh o6a3atem>hbtu nptokuc TeKCTa, Moxcer npoabhibca e pa3to>ix $opm ax - o t HyjieBoii, Korpa copepxcamte tc k c tb He p b ct m taero HOBoro, a jntuib nobtopaei yxce HaBecraoe, po KOHuenryaabHOH, Korpa p n a ee BbiHBnemta HeoSxopHMO nopbeprhytb tc k c t ckpynyne3homy aha/ih3y. Mexcpy 3thm h nomocamh p a c n o Jiaratorca HH$opMaiuot pasnhahoit cxenehh HacbitueHHOcrtt (Mepbi hobh3hbi). IlpH paccmoipehhh HH<t>opMapHH KaK rpammathneckoft KaTeropHH rek cra hcosxohhm o npexcpe ocero yahibiban. paaphhhbie m n u tc k c to b. IIopoGho TOMy KaK npepnoxechha moxcho pa3pejm ib Ha 3K3HCTeHpHajibHbie, npeph- KantBHbie, HpeHntcttHpHpykxuhc> npepnoxcettha roxcpectba h pp., rekctbt moxcho KnaccH<])HUHpoBaTb KaK no <}>yhkipiohajibhbim cthjihm, TaK h no xapax- Tepy HHcpopMapHH. T ek, phnnomathheckhe pokymehtbi, o 6bepHHCHHbte 0611IHM ^yhkphohajlbhblm CTHJ1CM a3bik3 OtpHllHaJIbHbIX POK ymehtob, IIO xapaktepy HH<]>opMauHH MoryT 6un> npepcrabnehbi b BHpe nak ia, porob opa, MCMopattpyMa, h o tw, 3aaBJieHHa, n p o ie c ia, ynbihmaxyma h npoa. C nuib asbtka xypoxcectbehhofi jihtepatypw p eam o y e ica bo MHoxcecrse xcahpob h 4>opM - b pacckb3e, SacHe, pomahc, cth x o tb o p ch h h, ppame, noame, nob ecra. Cthjiv H3biKa raseibi Bonnom aerca b rek cre k o p o tk h x coo6ipchhh, raaenibix aaronobkob, nepepobbix ciatefi, kom m iohhkc h npoa. HiitfiopMamtH, noayaaem aa H3 Kaxcporo BHpa tck cta, b KaKofi-TO creneith n peponpepenaetca cbmhm HasBamteM pahhoro m n a rek cra. Ohcbhpho, a to tckct, HaabisaeMbtH naktom, EpepciaB/iHeT cosoh oco6 m h rp n cornauichha, aaknioaaemoro pbyma pepxcabamh, cornatuehha, b kotopom npepycmarph- Banxca onpepcjieioibte ycnobuh, THnHaHbie hmchho p n a TeKcia-natcra. T ckct- 29

33 ' Hora Qyaer coaepxcatb nporecr, KOTOpwfi aonweh 6bin. BpyMeH npeactabhtea 10 CTpaHbt, KapyuiHBmefl KaKwe-to ycaobhh cornaiuemw, sakmoiehhoro pahee Mescay aayh a ctopohamh, hfih o6iaenph3nahhbix 4>opM Mexcaynapoakux othoiuehiw hjih MewayHapoanoro npaba. TaKHM odpaaom, b camom HaaBaioiH mna TeKcia aakaioteha npecynno3hufin, t.e. b npouecce ero h o m h t o iih h packpusaeica h b k 3K o h-t o erenehh, npeaon peaeaae tch o c h o b h o c nparmarmeckoe HanpaBJiemte camoro TCKCxa1. 3H am irreabh yto p o a b B h io S o h KOMMyHHKaipiH n r p a e i tfiopm a, b K o ro p o ft 3aK ah w eh a HH< >opmaia«i. B re K c ra x H ex y ao x c ecrteh H O ro im a iia H w JjopM anjta 6 o n e e h jih M enee a e m o a e K o a H p y e rc a, n o c K o a w c y b i b k h x xek cxax $ o p b ta H e c e t b c e 6 e coaepxcah H e, a p e a o n p e a e a e H H o e efl c h c tc m o h «3biK a. OHa H eh T p aath a; 3 t o 3Ha<mT, 110 $ o p M a b o c h o b h o m B bm o am iet CBoe, 3atcpen- aehhoe 3a HeS a a a a im e (4>yH K anx>). HH<J)OpMaa«a b t s k h x T ek crax, ecjm OHa a B a a e T c a pe3yabt aio M k s k h x - t o H ccaeaobah K H, H a6aw aeh H fl, o n b iia, HHCKyccHH, paam biuuieh H H, n p eaao a o x cek H ii h np., n p H o O p eiaex K O H aea- ryanbhoctb. B xyaojkecibehhtix npoh3beaehmx (J>opMa HepeaKO noaymaet oco6oe coaepxcahhe. OHa cama Hecet KeKOTOpyn, HHoraa BecbMa 3HawrenbHy», noato hh$k>pm&hkm. Tavcaa HV«>opMaUH» oatutmh HaawBaetcs aonoiwhtenfehoii, apythmh cnepxcmbicaosoh, cynpaaimeaphoh, cmnnctmieckoft, 3tox bhb HH4>opMaiaiH, Bep6aabHo HeBwpaxceHHbift, o5aaaaet cnenn^hteckhm cbo h c t- b o m : no-pa3h0my socnphhhmaexca noayaaieaem, ecaw Boo6iue 3to t noayaarenb cnoco6eh ee HSBaeib H3 anajufaa coaepxcahh* BbiCKaabisamui h (JwpMw ero Bbipa^eHHa. 3 to c b o h c tb o 4> Pmm, no-oco60my npohbnhemoe b ee pa3- HOBHaHOCXAX, MOJKHO nph3h3tb OpraHHHeCKHM, OHIOaonMeCKHM. B KOHKpeT- Hbix peajnnaahhx, b xyaoxcectbeahbix ickcrax oua nocrofuoio coxpasaer cboxj 3CieTHK0-no3HaBaieabHyio uehhoctb. KaxCRblH H3b0C MOJKHO pacc M aiph B atb KaK HCKHH K o a, B KOTOpOM CKTIUHbt (<t>o»emb[, M O p i^ M b i, aek cem bt, chhrakcem bi h c m n H c n w e c K H e n p n e M u ) o prah H 3yioT ca b u e a a x n e p e fla ih coot B etc T B yioiueft HK^JOpMauHH, a o c ry n H o ft BceM p earn ih eh iam, B naaetouih M 3 th m K o ao M. T a ic o n o & aeaabik O B oif k o h, K o io p b ifi n p e a c ia B a a e r coqok He i t o r a o e, k s k HOpMbi JiH ie p a ty p H o ro a a b ix a, p a36h B aerch u a p a a cy6koflob iftyhkuhohaabhbie c th jih. H h m m h caob am H, a H ie p a ty p H b ih H3MK 3t o HHBapnaHT o S m e ii H3biKOBoft CHCTeMbi, a (ftyhkuho- H aabh bie c th jih aab ik x y aoxcectb eh H ofl a H te p a ty p b i, X3btK ra 3 e n > i, HSbiK HaynHOH n p o a u, h s m k o4>huhaabhbix ao K y M eirro B - HBaaioTCH B aph am am H 3TOH 06llteH HSblKOBOH CHCTeMbi. OcHOBHOH TpyaHOCTbtO B aekoohpobahhh HHlJjOpMaitKH TeKCTS JTBafleTCfl HeiHaHHe BapHaHIOB H3HKOBOrO KOfla, riomhmo 3H3HHH 06uiefl3M KOBOrO K o a a, t.c. n p a B H a c o a e ia ih B t c jio b, M optjjem, npenaojk eh H ii (e c a H n p a B iia a com erahha npeaaoxceh H H yxce o n p e a e a e n b i), c y u iect B y» T e u te BapHaHTbi 3K >ro K o a a, o n p e a e a a io tu H e npab W ia noab30b ah H a asbikobbimh cpeacrb SM H b r e x h h h h h m x r a n a x re K c r a. B n o araaeck O M rekcxe c B o eo S p aaite y n o r p e S a e - h h h H 3boca aax ce a a a o ochobahhe y ra e p x c a a T b, mto h k o S m cym ect B yet o co S b iii H3MK - H3bIK H033HH, CO CBOeH rpamm aihkoh H npbbhhamh CHOBOTBOpieCTBa. 'C m.; Y tfiu M n e m A.A. JleKcn<iecKa* HOMHHaaHs (nepbh*oaji H eflrpanbh m ). - B k h.: a3uk0bm HOMHHaioui. M., aecb w top Btiaenaer b paspsme KmnaiomHx hmch K/iacc xapaktepmyjouihx. 30

34 fl3b4k KayKH npeactabjwer cofjoft oco6 yio pa3hobhflhoctb KOfla. Bpaa hh (HiHcaHHe Haymroro HCcneaoBacuu hckhx GHonorHMecKKX npoueccob 6 y aei coaepxaxit K«}>opMaflHio jy u cneunajihcra, cxaxcem, b ogjucth aspoahhamhk h, noaogao TOMy KaK BoeHHan onepauha, 3aLUH4>poBaHHas onpeaenehhwm KoaoM, 6 y ae i necnt HHiJtopMaimio xontuco rem, k to a m e i s to t x o a. Kbk h Bcaxaa x a ie ro p iu, KH<f>opMauHB npoabjifletcn b onpeaenehhbix <J>opMax, TaKHx, kbk coogmerae, oithcahhe, paccyncfletnie, nucbmo, peaoawm u, aorobop, c ra n a, 38MeiKa, cnpasxa h ap. PaccMOipKM HeKOTopue H3 nepewcnehhux $ o p M c tomkh 3p eio u xapaxrepa 3ano3KeKHOH b kkx HH< >opmaioih. CooSmeHHe - $opma KWJwpMaujiH, npeaha3kamehhan a n a nepeaaih nonyaaienio (noayaaxeaaw) CBeaeHHH o cocbirnax npohcxoaanihx, npokctueauihx htih xoxopwe 6 ynyr npohcxoaim>» Sjnucamiiee BpeMM. Coo 6- uiehhe no CBoeft npnpoae 3K3HcreHUKanbHO, ecaa nohhman. non 3thm ogbimhoe coctohtwe hjih Teaemie npoueccob ogiuectbehhoii xoohh. C uiehite op»ektmpyei KMiaTena na notnynemie Kaxoro-aH6o Hoaoro H3Becnu. CooSiueHHe HMeeT orpamnehhyio 3aaaiy aobecnt mto-to pp caeaeiow, 3xa <Jmpwa HH<j>opMaunH Marne Bcero BCTpeaaeica b ra3ctax, no paawo H b TenenepeaaMax. Otta ognanaer bkciuihuhtho BbrpaaceHHWMH yxaaatenxmh BpeMeHw?.- ro h npocrpahctbchboro xapaxrepa, b owhmhe o t apyrnx $opm HH$opMamw, B KOTOpwx, k sk 6 yaet noxa33ho route, BpeMeHHbie h npocrpa HCTBemnae napametpbi npncyrctbyiot am ua hmiuihuhtho h Macro noabepraroicn cyiuecr- BeHHblM TpaBCtJ^OpManjI^M, BIUIOTb ap HX Hynesoro BUpaXCCHHH. CooGmeiwe He o& iaaaei KOHuenxyanbKOCTbio. IIoaTOMy b SonbiuHHCTBe cnyqaeb coo6ukhh» nhiirehbi xaxhx 6 n to hh 6bino sxciurhxaxopob 3mouho- HaabHocy&MKTHBHoro xapakiepa h nerx o cxemaihaupyiotcb. 3 to aeaaei hx aocrynhbimh MauiHHHOH o6pa6 o ix e h ontochtenbho cbo6obho nepebonn- MbIMH C OBHOrO H3bixa Ha apyroh. CxeMaTHaamui coogiaemu Bbipa6oraaa onpeaeaehhbie uiiam nu, xotopbimh coo6wehhfl xapaxtephayroxcn: m cocmxatueucx ceiodtut e KunpcKOU ctonune npecc-koh^epen nuu.. ceeodwt e JJiocceabdop^e xtkomunocb MeMdympodHoe paoonee coeeuyutue.. a eopode Rxypdxcy coctoxach MUTUHi,. npttudcht <PpOHtfUU30HBWI CeiOdHX, VTO.., Mobcho co3aaib KaaccH(t»HKai0H0 sb ih h o b b coocmehhhx SToro ju n a, t.e. ra3 e m u x coo6tuehhh. OaHaxo nauia aanaua c o c to h t b to m, mtosm oxapakteph30ban> cbm n u t coos utem u, Tax cxa3an>, HsttyrpH. U nn 3Toro nphbeaem H exoropue npkmepu T excra, HH<{>opMaiau b xoxoptax 3axmoMeHa b (JtopMe cooctaehhfi: "CAJBOT j" : uccjieaobahha npoaonxcuotca UeHTp ynpasjiexiw noaerom, 6 ab rycra (TA C C ). 3*Bepmnncji MecHii p ac oru kocm o- MSBTOB EopHCa BoflblHOBt H BlITUtHB XConofiOBB H t OKOnmeMHOfl OpfiHTe. B OOOTBCTCTBHH c nporpammod n o a e rt b nocneqhne pab ow e o h h axh oax opbhtbjhmob craw iuu opoaonacid skoiephmchtbi c OOMOIUMO HtKppaKpacHoro TeneKCKona-cneKTpoMeTpa. K o c m o h u tu E.B. B ojiuhob r B.M. 3Kojio6ob MyBcrayioT cega xopouto. lionet npooonxaetca. KocMOHaBTbi npob*nn wccneaobume cnexipob Comou h okonoooiuemhoro npoctptmctbi c uenuo KayMemu npoaecoos b conrevtor xopone u 4>otoc<J>epe. IIo nporpimme HapooHoxoanllctBeHaux HccneaoBaHRtt BunonHeno 4> t<orpa<t>hpo- BBHHe o u e n M iu x parohob tepprtopmi C ob etcxoro C onaa. 31

35 B TaKoro nm a oooguieuihx nonnee Bcero packpubaeicn cymhocn, 3ioii cpopmbi HHiJtopMauHH. B 3to m TeKCTe iuectt> npejyioxehhh. Bee ohh UBeiiiaioi 0 aerdnax co6biraa, k KoiopoMy 6uno nphkobauo bhmmshhc acero MHpa. T ck ct crasaceh aaranobkom, KOTopufl o th o c h t mxatcjw k pane* coosmehuum $aktam - "HccJteHOBaiaui nponoraouotca. 3 to cooguteioie nonhocnio OTBesaeT TpeGoBanmo npabmiiho nocipoebuoro tckct* 1. B rnabe, roe m u SyncM paccmaiphbatb Kaieropiuo KHierpautiH, 6ynei noka3aiio, kbk flamioe coogtnemie saioikmeiio b paivocy ab h b k h iu bo BpeMem (3STOJ)obok - hccnenobamta npoao/wcaiotca h Aaflune - TlojieT nponoidnaetca ). OSpamaeT Ha ce6n bhhmshhc to, hto hh oaho h3 npefljioscehhh He coflep- 34cht onehohhux OJiCMeHTOB a 3biKa hhh 3neMeHTOB cywflehhh. CneAOBaTenuiO, b 3tom tekcre ecib HHctmpMaioiH, ho HeT KOHneniyanbHOctH. KaK ykaauba- Jiocb Bum e, TaKafl 4>opua HH^opMaimH HaHConee xapakiepm ahh ra a e ra. B npyrom Knacce t c k c t o b b peaomoinuix o 6 h h h o peakhuhpytorcn b u b o a m, peuiehhh, pckomchflauhm, nojiy jehhwe b pe3yjibiate KSKOfl-To npoflenahhofi pasotu. M onem aroro KJiacca npeanonaraet aenehhe iia ABe <iacth: noshthbhyio h pe3ynktathbhyw, HanpKMep: TeKcr 1 OPrAHH3AUHA OEbEAHHEHHMX HAUHfl 3KOHOMHAECKHB H COUHAALHUfl COBET 3KOHOMHAECKAA KOMHCCHH AAA CTPAH JIATHHCKOH AMEPHKH. U e c m ceccjt*. EoroTa, KonyMfina. I1POEKT PE3OJB0UHH HO AAHHbJM O 3AHHTOCTH rp y flo c n o co B H o ro h a c e a e h h a JIpHABT [fepbblm KOMHTOIOM 10 C HTH0pjl 1955 r. 3KOHOMHHECKAA KOMHCCHH AAA CITAH AATHHCKOH AMEPHKH, y*ih- TLIBAA, ttd iipoftnmm aaftarocni b ciparaa JIbthhckoB Amcphkk HeflocnToxHo H3ywna h vro oaa npcunrabaner cymecraehhufl aneme»rr, BjuuuotuHB h* akoxomhmecteyio Bommttcy npibtrrenbctb B hx nnanax SKOHOMmecKoro p n sim u, PEKOM EHAVET QpUIITCBbCTBlM CTpBH JllTUHCKOfl AMCpKKH nptowtt K CBeAeHKW HccneAOBaraui, npobenehhue MeamyHapoflnofl oprahhiaiuiejt xpyfla h A pynm n cneahum- 3HpOB»HHkJMH OptlHHlBUHHMH K yxpeqhtb JUDI p»cmhphtt B CBOHX CTp*H»X OpTIHU IW> cfopy CHCTCMlTINeCKHX luhhhlx H CBOCBpeMCHHOfl HtXpOpMiUHH DO iahbtoctb, KOTOpfcle cek peiaptut m o t Ou i k i d n i a b nephometeckhe b h u u c iu akohomtraeckoro nonoacexmi b A bthhckob Am cphkc. TeKCT 2 OPTAHH3AUHA OEbEAHHEHHMX HAUHf) KOHOMHAECKHft H COUHAAbHbffl COBET 3KOHOMHMECKAA KOMHOCHA AAA CTPAH AATHHCKOH AMEPHKH Medan cecaw Borora, Ko/lyM6tw nohtotobka tlepcohaaa AOPTOB IIpoeKT peaomonmi, nphmrrutt Tpenm t komhtctom 12 cehwcpa 1955 r. 1 C m. onpeocjieme t c k c t b b m iik. 32

36 3KOHOMW1ECKAJ! K0MHCCHJ1 CTPAH JIATHHCKOR AMEPHKH, PAC- CMOTPEB: a) myaemrc c*kpetap*mom c o c t o h h m Mopcxoro TpaHcnopTa a K>»c- Hdft AMepKKe (nokynneht E/C N* 12/369/Add. 3 ), m m t k t 0) mto, ero b u b o q u BCKpbibmoT BeflocwTKH b MeTOflax pagtmi, ynpasnehhh» coopyateftiux jmttutoamephkakckkx noprob, <rao mpuiutejibho b i h u «t h i ToproBjm b it d m p c r a o i ie, h IIPHHMMAH BO BHMMAHHE: Ba*nyx> ponb, Koiopyn nporpamm* TexninecKoB nomoimi motab 6w ettrpaib &aroa ogjtacnc, noctahobjuiet: PeKOMetmoBaTb iipabhtenbctbam JiaTHHoahtepHKaHCKHX crpah, qroolj OHH, npwwb BO BHHMaHHC HeoGXOflHMOCTb ynyhuihtb COCTOBHHe IlOpTOB B pernohe, paccmotpcjuc B03M0*Hocib ogpatuehh# aa TexmreecKoA nomoiuuo b o6nacm nojirotobkh nepcom ju ynpabjteww nopramm, ojihoapemehho yorrbibaa ne#tcnbhoctb, OCyiUOCTBHHBMyiO B 310# Me*aMCpH KaHCKKM 3KOHOMHHCCKHM H COUHanbHbIM cooerom. 3 th aba TeKcra HwftopMHpyioT o nprawrbix pewehhox h pekometmaiuwx cootbercrbywiuhx oprahhsaum'i. KaK S0KyMeirn>i nojihthko-skohomhteckoro tuiaha ohh xapaktephaywtch cbohm h k o m h o3hiqiohho-cthhhcthmcck hmh ocooehhoctamh. EpocaeTca b rna3a HeoCbWHocn. nocipoew ui n ptmatowtbix npennohcekhh h nphhacthbix o6opoiob, hx pasbepkyfocib, naparpatphpoba- Hue, HyMepautH OTaenbHux lacreft uenoro, rpa^uweckoe BbifleJieHHe kjikw c- bmx cnob h Hp. Tckct I, npeacrabjisui co6 oh b iwane cwrraiccmeckoh o p ra - HH3&HHH OflHO CJIOHCHOnOHMHHeHHOe npeflfloxcehhe, (})akthheckh COCTOHT H3 p#fla npeanoxcehhh, ospaayiouih X c h h h q c u e iio e, 3 t o npejuioxceh H e- t c k c t. CaM a (popw a ib k h x flokymchtob HHcftopMaTHBKa. O w a n o /p ie p K H B a e i pabho- SHaHHOCTb TeMbi h pem bi flnhhhoro npeanoxceid ui-tek C Ta, 3 i a (popm a jjaet B03M0XCH0CTT) COCpeflOTCWHTb BHHM8HHC Ha BTOpOCTCHCHHblX C TOHKH 3peHHH CHHTUKCHMeCKHX OTHOUieHHH HaCTHX. ConepxcaHHe 3-roro TeK cia, n o rm eck H pacnanaxcb Ha p a n camoctohtenb- Hbtx npejpioxcehhh, npeactabjiehhbix B BHqe o ju to ro, 3acTaBjineT nepeo c- MUCJiHTb xapaktep TeMa*peMaTt«ecKHX o th o u k k h h. dttkttroeckh b nepbom assaiie TeKcia 1 Mb] hm ccm ppa. camoctohtcjibhbix npeflnoxcehhh: 1) n p o & ie- M3 3anHT0ctH b ctpabax JlancHCKOH AMcpHKH HeflociaTO'iHO H3yHeHa; 2 ) OHa n p epcrab Jw ei cymectbehkwft xnem em, bjihhh>ii(h& Ha skohomme cnyio nojihihky npabhtcjibctb b h x nn an ax acohom iraeckoro pa3bhtnn, B nepbom h b o b to p o m aoaauax tc m o h a b jih c tc x npoqnema s b h h t o c t h, pemofi, t o, # t o a r a npo&ricma HenocraTOwo H3y#eHa, x o t a npeflctabjwer c o S o h cymectbehhbih s jic m c h t. K a n b h o h o H3 6 e r n o r o npovreh H H r a c m 1, HHtpopM auhh 3//ecb c b o o h tc # K OnOBeiHCHHK C ipah JIaTHHCKOH AMepHKH o petuehhh 3KOHOMHMeCKOTO c o B e ia OpraHH3auHH OGbeHHHeHHbix H a n n if othochiejibho 3 a R # io c T n ; T p y n o cn o co 6 H O ro H aceneh M b 3 th x c ip a n a x h h c o C x o o h m o c th p c ry iw p H o n o jiy q a r t ZBHHbie Hfin HayneHHA h x 3KOHOMHnecKOro nonoxcehhh. 3 t o, coscib eh H o, H H ^opm aih B H a# <tactb p e a o n u u H H, h o o n a nononw iet C H p «b o m n p y r a x ipaktob h cooc paxceiotb, a h m c h h o : i t o n p o 6 n e M a 3awiTOCTH T p y a o c n o c o 6 H o ro naceneh M a b JIaTHHCKOH A M ep w ce He/iocTaTO<tHO H ccne- AOBana, h to s t o n p o S n cm a nepboctenehhofl B axch ocm b n n ah e jk o h o m h - H eck oro paabhihh, h t o M exyiyhapoflhcw oprah H aaim efl r p y p a npe/yiph K H M a- totca HccnenoBaHHH la K o r o xap ak T ep a. TeKCT 2, KpOMe tacth, coaepxcameft co6 ctbchho HH$opMaitKH> (o HeoSxoaH- MOCTH HCnOJIbSOBaHHfl ICXHIPIGCK HX CpeflCTB HpH o6y#ekhh HOpTOBbtX pa6o- 33

37 m ix ), ia K * e h m m i HHcJcopMauHto flononh H ienbh oro x apak icpa, ue mckcc saachym atm o S u ted HmJcopMamm, B npabeflchhbix Tetccrax mujiopma uhh othocmtcji bho JierKO aekoahpyctcn n o to M y, hto Bbipa6oTaHi«,te moac/ik TeKcra cyiuectbehho nom o rato r B n u iehchhk* rjiab H oro, ochobhoto ot con y tctb y lo m e ro, B iopocieiw H H oro. B 6 o n e e c jjo jk h m x le K c ia x a e n o B o r o x a p a x x e p a m njjopm aiih a p a e n p e fle jm - e r c «nepab H O M eph o, n o M epe obhbcemm c o o G u k h h h. JlpoaH ajm ah pyem elite ABa A O K ym em a: I ) C o b c tc k o - a b tc k h A npotth coji o K O H cy n b ram w x h 2 ) flp e - a M S y n y k Y c ia B y O p ram taau H H 0 6 beak neh H bix H a m m, T ckct 3 COBETCKO-AATCKHB npotokoh O KOHCyJIfcTAUHBX Coxra CoaeTCKHx ComianHcnnccKKX PecnyCuMK h KoponeBciBo.D am n, * e n * x ytcpen- JlH Tt UMHMHOe AOBtipHC, BiaHMOBOHKMaHHe H ttpyx tg y M OKny BByMK crp U U M H H y 6 exc- AeHHue b tom, ITO ynpo<mhhe Mnpnoro corpyamncctm Mexcny Cobctckmm Coiomm h JIaHHeft oreem ict HHTepecaM eobetc K oro H abtckoto HapoAOB, Btipascaji ctpemnehhc k cotpyahheeciby m tteiun nonncpmafum nencoyhapoohoro Miipa h 6e3onacHociH & cootbctctbhh c ycrasom OpraHMsauHK OGaenHHeHjtwx HanMt, H cnonh eh H ue peuin M O cm h s n p e m, p aab H B an. co T p y n H K 'te c ra o b n o m rn n e c K O B, JKOHOMHBeCKOft, KayHHO-TeXHHHeCKOlt, K y n b ty p H o a K A p y n tx o G u a c m x, aotobopmnhcb O HKJKeCJKOyXHtKM: 1. CobctckhB Coio3 m JlaHHH GynyT nephoah'ieckh npoboahtb KOHcyjffcxannH n o MeBcnynapoAHMM npogncmam, npcncrabjunoupim raw M Nun iwm pcc, a n a a t no BonpocaM, KacanuiHMca nbycropohkkx om ouiom itt. Tatcne KOHcyntiauMH GynyT oxb araib at t: - B o n p o c ti OBycTopoHHM x oih ouieh M lt b p a a m ru tm X oftjiactfix, B K m oh ax n o m m ra e - ckhc, w o h o m h w c k h c, HayyHO-TexHipiecKHe H K y ja iy p H H e cbxsh; - coflefl cran e paspmike MexAynapoiufoA tta n p n m w o c n i h ykpenneimfo MextnyHaponhoB 6e3onacTHOCTJi, AOCTMBceHHionporpecca b orpamraehmh BOOpyxemU; - pa3b>mte eeponebckob o d c m i w x i, a c y ta e c ta M H e nonow tim n 3aKJiiowraib' Horo akta CoBeuuHHa no GeaonacHocTH H cotpyflhiwectby b Enpone; - B a*an>ie M e * n y H a p o H n u e B o n p o c M, B M n o n an c m y a tu i n, B u au B ak H in te HattpnxceH- H o c fb b p aanum H ux p a B o n a x M H p j; - n p o fo e M b i, n p asct S B njnouim e B a a n a m u B t w r e p c c h B B M to io re c n npeomctom MHoroCTOpoHHHx M em coyhapookux n ep ero B O p o a, b tom m icne paccm arpk B acm U e B pamkax OpramraauMM OGxenHHeHHWx HaunR; - B ee n p y n ie npoc rtem W, b oihouiehhb KOTopux ct oponu npio H aiot u e n tc o o G p a a - JUJM ogmehxtbcb MHeHHBMn. 2. B cnynae B03HKKK0BemM cnryauyitl, coanuoupix, no mkchmio ogcmx cropoa, yrpo3y MHpy, napytuehhe MKpa iuih BMauBammix MoKnyHaponHyio HanpaxteKHocrb, o(b npabmtcnmtba scrynat a kokibkt npyr c npyrom c uenuo ogmma mhchubmb o tom, mo MO*er Gm tb npeonpiouito n ru ynyituehub ogcrakobku. 3. (lonoxcehtu, HanoateKHue auuie, He aatpanmaxrt panee npwwtmx na cegn cropo- K3MH ogaaarenbctb no MeagiyHapaaRUM cornamemmm, ytacnihkamh Kotopux ohm Hannoiot, h He HanpaaneHM nporm HaKoro-nn6o Tpcnero rocynapctba. 4. K oh cyw ram ni GynyT h o c h t i, perynnph uft x apanrep h Gynyr npoxom m. nooaepenh o b MocKBe h KoneHrarcHe. YpoBtHk h cpokh h x nposeaem ih, a TaKxce s o n p o c u a m ogcyxcnehiui Gynyr ycrahabnttbaibca n o bibhmhoa norobopehhocth. M mtnctpu h h o c t- pahhux nen h u h h x npencrabhtenh G ynyi B cipetaraca, K oraa» t t o m GyneT h c ogx o a h' moctw h b nphhiihne Me pence onhoro paoa b ron. KonentateH, 6 OKTn6p* 1976iode 34 3a Coioa Cobbtckhx CoUHaitHCTHVecKHx PecnyGctHK A. rpommko 3 a KOpO/KBCTBO flakhm K.B. AHOEPCEH

38 B annnomanweckkx aoxym em ax wmfiopmaioui n3bjiekaetca tie tojibko hs T3K HaSblBaeMOM pe3yj7btathbhoii tacth, HO TSKace H3 M3CXH n03hthbh0h. AKTyajibHOe nnchehhe b xexcxe noatwoietca HHbiM 3aKOHOMepHociHM, tiem b npeflnoacehhh. B 33Bhchmocth o t Ttma Texcta oihowewui rembi h pembi M o ry? 6btTb cob epiuetih O n e p e o c M b tc jie tn a, KaK cto B y a e i n o x aaah O Ha MatepHane peaontoauft OOH. B ahsjih3hpyemom iipotokojie (tc k c t 3) b ochobhom coxpamietch rpa<]mtteckaa MoaeJib lexcra, y*e onhcatotaa b xexcxax 1 h 2. Bo scex 3th x xexcxax (IpHHaCTHblMH 050p0iaMH, 0( )OpMJlCHHbIMK B BHQe OTfleJIbKbIX a63au B, BupaacanTCH nobyflhtejibhbie nph JHHN aajcjuowhhh npoxoxojia. 3axeM cneay-» x nyractbi, no kotopbim nocththyra HoroBopeHHoctb, npmem b nyhxxe 1 iemw KOHcyjibraimS Mexcay flbym* cxpanamh BbipeneHM asaauamh, pa3flenehhbimh lotkoft c aaiwroh. XapaxxepHo, s to xaxcnwh noanyhxx-abaaa HatHHaeTca c nponwchoft ByxBbi, KaK Byaxo Bee ohh npenciabnixiot coboh nepemtcjiemte oahopoanux (pabh03ha<mmbix) nposnem. HtxJyopMaanfi, T.e. pemanneckhh acneki aoxymehta c tohkh 3peHns HepapxiwecxoH 3HaHHMOcxn H3BJiexaexCH JiHmb H3 nopaaxa cnepobahhh a63aaeb. IIopflaoK cneaobawth Hacreft b kom ro3huhh aoxyviehta MMeeT eaea jih He tiepbocietiehhoe 3Hanemie h ocymecxbjiaex cofjoii npyryw KaieropHto TexcTa HHTerpautuo, o xotopoft pent ByaeT hkkc. EojibiiiHHCTBo OHnnoManiqecKHx aoxymehtob Hweex rax immbaemyio npeambyny. CaM xepmhh npeambyna" cornacho cnobapum coaepjkm b cebe yxaaahhe Ha wxfcopmathbnyio 3Ha*iHMocTb: BaoftHaK, pasbxchktoiaax qacxb MexcnytiaponHoro aorobopa, saxora hjih hhoto npaboboro akta [C.M. OxceroB, 531 ]. Bo m hothx naxiax, aorobopax, ycrabax, npotokonax npeambyna Moxcer pacuehhbatbch xax coaepxcatuaa ochobhyio ttponoshuhio HH^wpMaium. nponoahuhfl 3aecb o6naaaet Henpexoflfnueii aehho^^xt, nocxonbxy ona obhapyxthbaei BHeBpeMeHHwe h BHenpocipaHCTBeHHbie obiaewnobeneckhe yctpemjieithh x MHpy rtyxem yny'imekhh oraouiehhii Mexcay aorobaphbaxtum- MKCH CTOpOHBMH, CoBciBeHHO HH^opMaiaiefi b raxhx lexctax HBJiflexcs noartrabhaa ta c it (b ahajih3hpyemom aoxymehte: naorobophjihcb o KHxcecHenywiaeM ) h aanee Bee nepe<nicnehhbie nyhxxw. nponobhthbnan ta c it cxopee npeaciabju k t coboii MioiatottanbHO oxpaiuehhoe BwcxaabiBaHne-ycJioBHe, b kotopom cnoba c 3M0nn0HanbH0H HHiewiHeH HBJiHioTcfi KHKWeBNMM s xaxaom a63a- Ue doeepue, dpyxoa, crpesuiehue, peuaim ocn, MntpopMaiiHs b cboem cxemaimecxh MoaeaHpoBaimoM BHae JiHuiena 3MoaHOHanbHO-oneHOMHbix MeMeHTOB. OaHaxo Bcxxaa MOaenb, pea/ih3o BaHHan b xohkpeimix <{>opmax, npeiepnebaex xaiche-io MOaH^uxaaHH. 3xo npohcxooht H CO MHOXHMH KOHKpeiKblMH 4>OpMaMH peajlh3aiihh HH^OpMa-i Ohh - coobmemwmh raserhhimh, npoioxonbhbimh, o4>huhahbho-aejiobbimh h ap. 3M0UHotiajibHoe Bee xce npo6hbaex cebe nyxb b pashbie xnaccbi mi4>op- MauHH. Kax saecb He ynom«hyxb H3Becxtioe BbicxaabiBaHHe B.H. JleHHHa o tom, aid 6e3 lenobeieckhx smouhh tihkoxaa He BbiBano, Hex h Buxb He MoxceT tenobeaecxoro Hcxatnoi hcthhm" (B.H. JIchhh, x. 2 5,1 2 2 ]. B npeambyne x YcxaBy OpraHH3aaHH OGbeflHHeHHwx HauuH jmouhh nojtyutnh CBoe BonnpmeHHe b paae cihmicnwckhx npnemob, xoxopwe flaior onpeaejtehhyio oxpacxy scemy 3X0My aoxywehxy. 35

39 T e k c t 4 M U, HAP0J1W O EbEflH H EH H blx HAUHfl, IIPEHCIKWIHEHM PEUHMOCTH Hi6aBHn> rp an y n p te nokojiehm o t GencTBufl BottHbi, ABaacnu b Haineft noram nphhecme# nenose'fectby HeBMpa3HMoe ro p e, H bhobb yibepohib Bepy b ochobhbk npbbl MJIOBeKB, B floctohhctbo H U6HHOC1V TejlOBBHecJCOft J1HHHOCTH, B pbbhoopbbhe MyjKWH h BceKDim h b paaehcrbo npab Gojiuioik h m u w x uaw A, k coanatb ycnosub, npr KoropMX M orye cogjnonattc" dipbbenmibociii n ybmtehhe k ognaatenactbam, BUreKBtHKRM M3 florobopob H flpythx HClOtHHKOB MeMOiyHipOaBOrO npabb, I! cofleflctbobitb cocucanbhomy nporpeccy h ynynuehhlo ycnobmfl npn GonbuieR csog oae H B 3TH X UEJIBX n po H B iut b T epnnm ocn> x jkhtb b m b c w, b M u p e n p y r c a p y r o M, k b k a o G p u e cocen H h og'beahhhtb H auih c H n u a n a n o n a e p x c a iu t* H «K a y H a p o jw o ro a u tp a m G eaonach oct H, h og ecneah T b n p io u T H e M n p x H io iiio B u yctah ob JieH H em M e ro a o B, t togh B o opyaceh H ue e m u a p H M e jtm a c t H e H H ate, k b k b oguchx m n e p e c a x, H HCDojiuoBan. M eaw H tpooh ua uinapat a n a coaeactbhji SKOHOMtnecKOMy oounanbxomy nporpeccy bc«x napoaob, FEUHJIH O B L E flh H H T b HAMH YCHJIHB K JW flo C T H *E H H fl 3T H X U EJIEtt. CornacHO aromy H aim cooibetctbehuue npabirrenbciba «epe3 npeacru irren ea, cogpaalunxca b ro p o n e C*a-4>paHmicKo, npam ab H B ium cbqh hoidhbkm w ii w aa gem ue b Hanneacameft ^topme, com ach Jiaci n p iw arb Hacrm ntpdt Y ctib OprtH irtauh a OGk o h - H e m u x H utirit h xactoauikm yqpeataaiot MeatnymponHyiO oprab natiuoo non HaaBawjeM OSKiunieHHUe Haujut JlerKO 3aMeTHii>, qio Becb tckct, oibeva* TpeSonaHHHM <J>opMajibHOH opra- HH3AUHH aeaoboro Teiecra (ero M oaera), m cbm eh nekchveckkmh BbipaaH- TejlbHblMH CpeOCTBaMH, SMOIQIOitajIbHO OKpaiUHBBKXUKMH BC10 npeam6yny. KoHoenryanbHax HH^opMaioui 3necb Bwpaxcena mxiuihiqitho h npakimeckh CJiHBaeTCA c 4>aKTy»jibHOH, Koropaa conepaorr peuiemw, npeflnoncmemu, iuibhm h np. TaKOBa ohtojionrteckaa cymhocrb npeam6y/n>i. Kak raacirr cam tepmhh, npeamsyjia yto akcruimihtho BbipaaccHHaa nponosnmux, h noaiomy, oaa MOstcex OTxoflHit ot k3hohob nenoboro nokymeiro. Hmne os ctoht peno c HHtpopMauyieH, coflepaeameftch b xynoacectbehhbix TeKCTax. npocjieflhm, KaK b KopoiKOM pacocaae H.A. ByHHHa BaaHMOaencT- ByjoT C H H CKH. PaccKaa Ha3BaH no^»pakuy3ckh: Un p e tit accident (MajKHwcoe npohciuecibite). 3hmhhA napwkckidl sb k b t, orpomhoe nam io HeSa b u y n tu x u aax ax nem iuk paahoh b c th u x KpacoK h w osopuom n a n a iu,» m Ceho#, had danutoa n /io m ao u o Corn*c«a. B o t a m KpaCKH CneitHyT, h yxce t * * k o HepHeer ab opeu n a ita ru, cnastwho bctbiot aa hum h» anetotuett M yra iik at i c itn y a iu oanuthx aoaiutfl h nob oony paccunax>tc* to h k o k octpo aejieaeniuiie nauhkh ra a a b ^HcraiuKOBoft TyMaHKocra ro p o n a, hb co th h naoob HeopepuBHo abyqaiuero astomoohnamh, b paah ue c ro p o n u CerymKMH co cbohmh otohm cbm h b TeMNeKHijHX cym epxax. B o t h coaeem ctemheno h y * e Gneiuer cepesphcroaepiouiutoe ctuum e KiHAenaOpoB ILtoiuaoH, rpaypho Jiberc* b tephoa ButtMHe rp030bm HTpa HeBHOHMott Giuihh 3A< >eiu h n u n a e r b tbm hotc h ad EyitbaapaMH rpyc oe C oraierbo peicnam, o th ch h u A B ibhhoh H edem ux b u b sc o k, t o c tb riw h h o CTpyauptxca, to KpoBano BcnuxKBaaniiHX b ato tt aephore. H se e MHoataica h MHoacarca Gerym ae o th h abtomogtuie#, h x paahoronocho n y w a e r o h o to k i, crpoftho npaiht H e iy m o a pyka ero optcectpom. H o b o t Gynto o p o ray n a ara pyiea, - Gnaa MaBnaH kskoa -to aaitop, c b h c tk h, TynKH, CTecHHeTcn, cubhtaxcb, jiabhha m suihh, H M ouian ium GeT itenoa tacih n apm ca: k to -to, t o t, b to ew e ycnen 3aTOpMOOHTb B arerft JiaBMHe cbok> Gucrpyio KaperKy, npko h m b tk o ocbewehhyio BHyrpH, ne*ht rp y a u o h s pyne. Oh b uienkobom Genou Kaume, b m ito b o m BexepHeM muihhape. M onoaoe. nouino a a m w o t jihoo e ro c aak ptm im H rnaaamh ywe noxoate Ha MicKy. 36

40 3 to Becb pacck33. M u nphbetnt ero nojihqctbw aim roro, mto6w nokaaatb, KaK paantnhue KareropHH rekcta osecnethbawr BbimneHne conepxaxejtbho- KOHuenryantHOH HfupopMaitHH, IIpexcAe acero o6pamaer Ha ce6a bkhmshhc to, <ito bco. paccnaa cxpykxypho oitiopmneh b oahom afijaue. 3 to csmo no ce6e coflepxorr HH^jopManHto. BecnpepbiBHOCTb TeMCHHa 3KH3KH Sonbiuoro ropoga c ero chokohhum, Hana- XteHHbiM phtmom ABHXCHHfl H KOJIFIH3HJIMH, HapyiJiajOlUHMH OflH0O6pa3He phtma b jbhhom cnysae yjihbhaa Karacrpo^ta a ro t KOtrnuiyyM 3flecb noffiepkhyi OTcyrcTBHeM nenemth Ha asaaou. nhcaxent kbk 6u xejiaet Ha oahom jjbixahhh nokaaaib nepaapbtbhyto CBfl3b oprahh3oeahhocth, nocnenobarejibhocth, 3aKOHOMepHOCTH, C OflHOH CTOpOHM, H BHeaailHOCTH, XaOTHWOcth c npyroit. CoaepxoTenbHO-KOHitenTyajibKan (flxpopmaioifl He cb o h h tch, kohchho, k onhoahhn sevephero tlaphxca h yjin'ofoti K aiacrp o ^H. B h p o th b h o m cnyqae Becb pacctca3 yrpam ji 6 u ^ctexhko-noshabaxenbhyio cjtyhkahio, Benymyio h onpenehhiotuyio 4>yHiciuuo aauk a xyaojkecraehhoh ju n epax y p u. 3 t o t stage Hbictrit megebp npeb pam nca 6 u b 6aHanbHoe HHcjtopMaijHOHHoe coofim eiwe. y jn n H as teaxacrpot^a b IlapHxce Hepeatcoe HB/ieHne, h p a x e HCKJitOTHienbHoe no KpacotKOCTH h cmie xynoxectbehhoro HaodpaxeKHx onhcaime TaKoft KiTacTpcx^bi He M orno 6bm> eflhhctbehhos ltetiuo imcatejm. S i h cbmo HajBaHHe Un p e tit a ccid en t", B3«Toe abropom b KaBbNKH h patotoe Ha 4>paHpy3CKOM «3b!Ke, HMeeT cbott cmbicn, a o H3BecniOH crenthh packpbj- BatoioHR CKH. B SonbiiioM ropoae ni6enb qenobeica b abtom oshjibhoh Kaxacrpo<}>e - 3to Bcero jwiub "MaaeHwcoe npohcmectbne, 3 to n p o n ts o - pehhe MexAy HanaxeHKUM, opraiwaobahhum, nojpouunoiuhmcji qbeft*to pyke h xaonnhbtm, 6ecnopHAOHHbiM, HapyuiaioiuHM nphbbrmoe Teierote XH3HH. B packpbithh coflepxcarejibho-kohuentyanbhoh HwpopMaiutH a ro ro pacckaaa, KaK h jno6o ro g p y ro ro, fjojibiuyio pojib H rpaei coaepxaieputo-cftaktyatib- Kaa HixpopMaKHfl, H3BneKaestaji H3 shanehhit otpenbhux cjiob h cnobocotete h h h, H3 CMbtCJia OTflejibHux npegpoxcehhii paccka3a-a03aua, nepeocm ucnek- Kbix b cocrabe penbhoro TeKcra, a xaiotce b c o o tb c tc tb h h c HasHaqeKHeM OTppibHbix CTHJitfcnnecKHX npnemob. Hbm eute He pa3 nphaexca o6paiuarbcn k yrowy paccieaay, m toc w Oonee nojiito packpuxb cyuthocxb Kaxnofi H3 KaTeropHH tc k c x b. 3gecb xce SernbOt awuih3 nomoraei tihiub ynaaaib Ha TpypHocTb flekonhpobaumi HHcjtopMauHH b xynoxecibehhom npohbbenehhh. Ha CAenaHHbix 3asfeqaHHH nojiynaexcx, hto HH^KtpMaitHfl b xekciax 3TOro nm a (pakthieckh c b o a h t c * k ronkobahhio HfteH npoh3beaekka. 3tO AeKCTBHTCtlbHO mk. CaMO TOJIKOBiHHe teiccxa ectb He hto HHoe, KaK npouecc packpuihh CKH, xenahhe npeoaoneib nobepx- HocTHyio cxpykxypy rekcxa, ero pociynhoe copepxcahhe u npohhkhyrb b ero rny6hhhbrft CMbicn, T.e. b ero KOHuenryajibHyto HHcpopMautoo. CoAepxaTenuKHcoHitenryanbHaH HH$opMauH# He bccm h BocnpHHHMaexcx aaekbatho. HepeajcH cnyvah, KOrna nohhmahhe xynoxcecxbchhoro npohsbenehhx cboahtch JiHim k c^taictyanbhoii HmpopMaiuoi, a caua KOHttenlyanbHocib ocxaetch HeftocxyriHofl HHiaxenio. 3 ro npohcxoakt b pe3ynbxate HeyMCHMa nonbaobatbcx HHBeHrapew cpeflctb asbikoboro ahanuaa huh b peaynbtate HeAomtoxHoro o6m ero xeaaypyca HHTaxejM, r.e. ero HeAocTaxoq- 37

41 h o h HaiHTaHHOCTM, OTcyrcTBHd coot B et ct B yioinero oribita b o u e to c e npoh 3Be- A etndi H c x y c c ra a. Ho h MHiareAH, ym yapek H bie o n b iro M TonxoBamui k a c h xy A o acect B eim o ro npoh3befle r a w, Moryr no-paah O M y n o H H M an K O K ueniyaa b- HOCTb, T.e. OCHOBHym, HO CKpMTyiO HH<t>0pM8UHH>. MHe y w e ApHXOAHAOCb ro B O ph Tt, MTO B 3TOH B03MOXCHOCTH pa3koto TOAKOBaHKK HABH 3anO*CHa c y m n o c T b BCAKoro npoh 3B egeh H x H c x y c c re a [HP. PaAbfiepHH, 1974]. K ax bhaho H3 npeomectbyiouikx paccyxmehhii, nepboft k BawHeHtueii xateropheft xynoxcectbehhoro te x c ra hbjuktch KOHueniyajibHocTb, KOTOpan B H3BeCTHOft CTelKHH COOTHOCHTCfl C HACCH npok3bcachhx. TepMHH KOHuenryajibHOCTb ocogchho 3aocrpHer BHMMSHHe Ha iiohhthh HOBoro, x o io p o e pacxpbibaetcn He cpaay, a nocxetiehho, KOTOpoe bosmowho ybhaetb iihuib b o&beme uenoro Bucxa3biBaKHH, a Marne Bcero b ogaeme uenoro Texcra, x a x a to Gbino noxaaano mi BbiinenpKBeaeHHbix nphmepax. HepeAxo c0aep7k>tenbff04c0kuentyanbhaji MfxpopMauHB pacxpbibaetca, x o tb h HenoJiHo, b am uiore, B annnore AeMOHcrpHpyercH BMHywAPHHoe sabepiueime He3aBepuieHHoro xona bch3hh {H.K. T ch, 127]. B UHTHpyeMOft CTan>e ab iop iip h b o a h t enoba <J>eTa o tom, mto b Anne KapeHHHoft tymait Gonbnie, qem anroior, Hecyinmi "cnywegho BcnoMoraienbHyio 4>yHxuHio, rnabhoe b HeM He HH<]>opMain«i o oanbuehineh cypbge nepcomxceft, a yx&aa- H«e Ha ABHxceHHe xch3hh Ha cambiti xpaii, x nctophheckomy pygewy [TaM we, 130]. B nocnenhee Bpexw b nonoce h jihhtb h cttnce Macro BCTpeiactCH nohxnie nponoshahh. % ctm re x era, xotopwe mmcwt cbcw coaepwaime, npenciabnniot cogoh BawHbie m n b i b pacxpbithh KOHuemyaAbHOH HHiJiopMaiuiH. Ohh abaajo tch nponoshuhbmh TexCTa. Hx conepwahne pacxpbibaerc* H3 panee HaxonneHHoro onbira iuth H3 npeauiectbyioiuen HinpopMattHh. OrpejibHbie Mac rex cra M oryr G u n b ojhometothx pembi h rem tr, ecnw noflbeprhytb r e x c i axtyaribhomy MneneHHio. HHi]>opMaiiHK) Texcra, raxnm ogpaaom, mowho onpenejihtb raxxte x ax coothoinehne cmmcaob h cooguieroih, aafoinee HOBhiii acn ex r HBAeHHH, (jjaxxa, cogbitha. 3 ro coothoiuemie noabepwcho H3MeneHHio no Mepe npoflbhwchhjt Texcra. Perpocnexipur, o KOTopoii pe'ifc Qypei h a th HHWe, OAHH H3 CDOCOGOB ItpOCJieAHTb HpOIteCC H3MeH6HHH COOTHOUieHHfl CMbicnoB OTACJtbHbix npeanowehhh n peaathbhbix h npeahxathbhwx orpe3- xob. Bawno HMeib b BHAy, mto nawe iipejrwcathbhbic Macra He MoryT nojihoctbio nepeflan. HHtJxrpMauHto, x o ro p ax conepwhtca b neitom rex cre, x a x Gbi ahamhrejibhbi hh GbuiH cbmh sth npeahxathbhbie aacni. HoaoGho to My x a x HarpyweHHMH npeahkaiuieft am irer Bee»ce num b hmttjihiihtho pacxpbibaer ochobhoh cm uca npeflaoxcekha, ra x h Bawnoe cooftnehhe, xapaxtephsyemoe x a x npeohxaimbhoe, ronbxo oiocog cib yei AexoflHpo- BaHmo KOHuenryajibHoft HHi iopmannm u en o ro rex cra. Ha a io ro cjieaycr, mto nokflrae KOHKentyaiibHOH H(x})opMauHH npwioxthmo ahuib k Texcry b ero aabepuiehhocih. T axan HH(]>opMannH CTpeMHica x itpeneny, npenonpeaenehhom y aaronob X O M (n a a B a m ie M ). HHTepecHbifi nphmep coothomemui C<t»H, CKH h aaroaobxa npenctabnse r cogoii paccxaa A.II. 4exosa n o n Ha3B3HneM Mto name Bcero BCTpeMaercH b pom anax, nobecxax ii r.n.. Xota otot pa coxa 3 ahujch <]>a6yabt h nocrpoeh Ha npiieme nepemhcncinui, oh HcnoAHeH ra x o ro thhhmho MexoBCXoro K>M0pa, mto GyxsaAbHO yhhmtoacaet aexopob nomnbix nobecrefi k p o m ih o b. Ctomt 38

42 nphaecim 3t o npoh3aenehhe uenhkom, nocicojibky h u h b o s h h k h o b c h h h o6iue» CKH Ba*Ha Kaxatan aerajib; 'Tp»4>. rp»4>wiii co cjiejumh Koraa-To SuBiuefl K paccm j, cocen-oapoh, jih reparopm fe p t n, otieanebumlt abop*hhk, M yjunah r -moctpaheu, rynoymhbie naxeh, hhhk, rybephahtkh, HeMeii-ynpiBjiHtouiHft, jckinflp h Hacjiexumtc h? AMepMKH. J1hiu HeKpacHn u e, h o ch M nm cm ue n nphb/iekim Huoje. fep o fl - cnacaxxuhft repohhio o t BifiemeHHOit a o e u o H, c tu iu ib itt n y x o M h MOryiunrt n p n bchkom y u o Gm o m c/iyiae n o K a san cw iy CVOHKKyiMKOB. B u c * n o o H e fie c H u i, j m t b H e n p o n w a iu w, H e o fv b a m M... H e n o H x m a ji, o a h h m c jio b o m : nphpooa!!! E e n o x y p w e n p y a u t m p b o w te a p a n c, SoraruM mhwi, iwgepvt Him KoNcepnarop, CMOtp* no osctonretibcream. He ran nonemu n n n repo* e ro H acraw ic H K *, k * k C M e p tv T m c a b TiMGose. f lo ic r o p c OTa6 oqehht>im jih u o m, ooftuoluhft.hanem Ciiy m K p m iic ; < m cto HMeeT n a n n y c H afianjuiuh H K O M h n u c H H y, a r n e npk T O p, t» m peb M an rcm o t i p y n o a n p a B e n jtu x, MW'peMB, B ocnaneh H e M o a ra, y x o a aa p a tie n tim h i o y a n if m H eh sc exouifl c o s e x e x a n > u a a o / t u. O iy ra - cjiy*mbuinfl em e crapbim rocikmum, fotobud 3a ro c non neara icyaa yroaho, xtm. b oroh t. OcTpHK 3aMevaTenuiujl. CoC tk i, H e y M eio iu ax t o j i b k o ro B o p tm >, n o nna h c o n o a e A. noamockobhbh S M I K 3*JIO*eHH<X MM<HHe Ha toto. S n e K ip m e c r a o, b G o n u iu w c T B e c n y a a e s an k c e jiy h h k r o p o ity n p aru iet ae M o e. Ilo p n tie n b H3 p y c c x o fl k o x c h, K m a A e to ifl <f>ap4]x>p, suftjihflckoe c e a n o, p e a o n tb e p, He a a w iu x A o c c b k h, o p n e tt b n e in im K e, a H a x a c u, utam itaifc K oe, TpK xjtenn u y c T p w p ji. B esah H H oe noocnyiuk B ah H e k b k n p m i u ia aejihkhx O T K p trrafl. BecXHCHeHHoe m h o * * c tb o M excaom erh fl h i k h u j t o k y n o r p c 6 im > k c m t h re x H in e - CKOe CJIOBUO. T o h k h c MtMeKH H a a o b o H UIo T o n c r u e oo croh TenbCTBa. O i e a b s a c r o o rcy rct B H e k o h im. C em b cm ept H ux r p e x o B b H aaan e h c s a n b O a b K o tm e. KoHeii". HeofwoflHMO yroihhib 10, ito cicaaaho s rnabe I OTHOCHreJibHO nokhxhh coflepxcahhe, 3HaieHHe, cm ncji b cbh3h c tcpmhhom HH<J>opMaixroi 8 tom sha aehhh, b kbkom oh ncnojib3yeick b 3T0H pafyote. Conepwatm c Hanfiojiee o6iuee noun rue, K oropoe b repmhhojior unecx om njiahe HfleHriWHo cemahthke. noarom y, Korfla Mbi rosophm o conepxtarenbhoft ciopoh e cnobe- CHoro 3HaKa, mm HMeeM b BHoy ero 3Ha<ieHHe. 3HaBeHnew osoaflasoi M0p4>ewbi (ho He <J>ohcmm), cnoba h cnobocoocrahhii. ConepwaTenbHaa cropona npefl- JioxeHHH - 3TO e ro cmmcji; cemahiuxa npeonoatehha KapflHHanbHO o m n ia - ercfl o r ceataifthkh CJiosecHoro 3H3Ka. HeaapoM bo mhodix pa6orax ynotpe6- nuetcji repmhh cm ncji suix xoro, <rro6bi noaiepk H yrt paannih c, cymectbywuiee Mexcny coaepaeaxexbhoh ctoponos caoba h npeaaoaxehiui. Koraa peib matt o coaepacaxenbhoh ctopone npeaaomhha hhh o cotetahhh npeano^cehhh (C<J>E, a& 3au), mm ouephpyem tcpmmhom cmmcji. Cnoxaiee onpeaenhtb coaep^carenthyw cropohy re x c ia. UejiecooBpasHbiM npeactaaaxetch repmhh mejyopmaami b to m nohhmahhh, K oropoe pacxpbit o Bbitue, a h m c h h o ; 3t o t repmhh ynotpesaxetcb b abyx cjiyiaax: K oraa HMeei M ecio CHBTHe amponhh, r.e. KOrna HenanecTHoe packpbibaercfl b c b o h x OCOSeHHOCTBX H CXaHOBHTCB aoctohhhem SHaHHfl H KOTAa HMeeTCfl B BHfly Kaxoe-BHSo coo6mehhe o co6 mthbx, tfiaktax, HBaeHHHx, K o r o p u e npo H aoui- BH, npohcxoaxr HJIH AOJUKHH Dp0H30HTM B aobccahebkoh JKH3 HH flahhoi'o fia p o o a, ooiuectba ( b aonhthieckofi, bkohommhcckoh, wayihoh, K yjibxypnoh, 39

43 cnopthbhoh, T.e. bo Bcex og naciax MenoBexecKoft aex TeJibHocTH). HoaiOMy HH MOptpeMa, HH cnobo, HH CJIOBOCOMeTBHHe He MOryT HeCTH HHf^OpMaHWK), ho o6jiaa,atot cbohctbom HHtpopMaTHBHOcTH, T.e. M oryr y^actboban. b HHtpop- Mamin Moan<J»HKauHefi cbohx 3HatieroiH. T o we b SojibiiiHHCTBe uiynaeb mojkho CKasaTb h o npeanowehhh. O ho ynacrayet b HHtpopMamm nyrcm bo^mowhmx BapHauHH cboero CMbicaa. T bkhm o6pa30m, coaepw ah H e TeKCTa KaK HeKoero 33KOHMeHHOro uenoro - 3 to e ro HHtpop MauHfl. HeoGxoaHMO erne p a s nojriepkhytb, mto s t o t repmhh HcnojitayeTCH B flahhofi p a S o ie TOJibKO nph M em ne JibHO k re ic cry h b to m cneiihipvneckom 3naseH nn, KOTOpoe o n p e a e n x e ic a cooihomehhem AByx e ro b h q o b C<Mi H C K H. TaK oe repmhhonorh3hpobahnoe shameiwe He HCKJHoaaeT ogmmhoto, HecneuKajiHSHpoBahhoro shaiehhh repmhka HHtpopMaiuix, K oropoe Mbi HaxoflHM b raaerh bix coosmehhhx. B 3 th x cnynaxx o r h o npeonoxcehhe MOWeT HeCTH HHtpOp MauHK), KOTOpax OGblMHO Ha3bIBaeTCX COOGmeHHeM. HanpHM ep: B pecnysxhke H npohsom eji BoeHHbifi nepebopot. fla h xakoe cooguuehhe peflk o o rp a HHMHBaercx npeaaowehhem, a e a r n h orp am i- MHBaercx, to xapak TepH 3yeicx co Bcefi BHyrpeHHeft cm m cjioboh c to - pohbl. nojiaraem, mto ran o e nohhmamie tmtpopmamth He HaxoflHTCfl b npo-m- BOpeMHH C osbek THB KtblMH (pektilmh X3blKOBOH ReHCTBHienbHOCTH. B ochobe corepwatejibho-nortckctobok HHipopMa uhh (CI1H) hcwht cnocoghocib MenOBeKa k napatuiejibhomy B ocnpuxrh io flefictbhtejtbhocm cpa3y b HecKOHbKHx im o ck ocrxx, m m, nphmehhrejibho k naiuhm aaaaaam, K BOOlpHXIHIO RByX pa3hmx, HO CBH3aHHblX MeWRy C060S COOSUieHHH ORHOBpeMeHHO. T a x a x CHOco6nocTb ocogehho OTMernHBO npoxbjixetcx n p «m tchhh xyaow ecib eh H bix npoh 3BeaeHHH, b K o ropbix, KaK He oah O K parao yxa- 3biBanocb, conepwatehbko-kohueirryajibhax K w popm aim x n u m b onocpe- ROBaHHO BbixBJixeTcx b coaepxca TeHbHoxpaKTyajibHofl. H ayna o xsbike yw e BbipaGoTana p «a npnemob, TaKHX, KaK M eratpopa, MeioHHMHH, HpOHHH.nepHtppaa, cpabhehhe h a p y n ie, c nom om bfo K o ropbix npohcxoflht peanh3aimx yk33ahhoh c tio c o G h o c th. B 3Ha<ofTenbHOH crenehh 3ia cnocoshocrb MeJioBexecKoro MbtumeHHX HpeaonpeaeHxeT cym H ocrt actettwecicoro BocnpHxiHX xyaowectbekhoro npoh3benehhx, Bbipaweimoro cpeactbamh x3bika. Ckbo3b xsbikobym TKaHb b HeM npocbemhbaei ochobhaa Mbiciib conepxcaienbho-kohuentyaxbhax HHtpopMauHX, K oropax He TOJibKO He aarnyuiaet coaepwaienbho-tpaktyajibnyto, ho cocymecrbyet c Hen. O rh o b pemchhaa peajm aaiutx flbyx cmmcjiob JiyMine Bcero HaGmoaaeTcx b SacHe. n o aromy nob oay JI.C. BbirOTCKHft m e a n :.. Boucax 6acHX it, cneao- BaTenbHO, nam a peaktmx Ha Gacmo pa3bhsaetcx Bee BpeMx b a sy x naanax, itptfxem 06a imaha HapacTajor ORHOBpeMeHHO, paaropaxcb u nobbimaxcb ra n, MTO B CyUIHOCIH 06a OHH COCTaBnHIOT ORHO H osbeahhchbl B OHHOM aehctbhh, OCTBBaxCb Bee BpeMX HBOHCTBeHHUMH* {JI.C. B m totckhh, Cpejm ynomxhyrbix Bbiuie cpeactb peaauaaihui asynnahoboro coogiuennx HSBecTHbi TaKxce ajmerophx h chmboh - Bbipawetnie orbaemehhoro, ascipak r- hoto nohxthx KOHKpeTHbiM HpeaMeTHOo6pa3HbiM npenctabjiehhcm Bee 40

44 3 th cpenct B a o th o c h t c h k y w e oco3h aah bim nph em im oohobpemehhoii p e a m i- 3aKii)i H B yx ( h 6 o jie e ) c m m c h o b n p e a n o a c e m tit b p e w 1. IloaTO M y o h h M o r y r 6 b in. n p e flc ra a n e H b i b BHfle o n p e a e n e H H u x M o a e n e ft, n o K O io p w M o 6 p a 3 y to T c x CnWHCTOTeCKHC nphcm bl, CyiKHOCTb K o io p w x COCTOHT HMBHHO B QBynJiaHOBOH peajdiaakhh c m n c jio b n p e a n o a c e in tfi n C B epxtjjpasob w x c h h h c tb, T a K o ro p o n a c p e a c ib a nyim ahoboii pe&rihaaukh c o o S m e w ix ciajih yace T paanunoh H him n 3H9KaMH "K O fla B3MK3 xysohcbctbbhhoh JIH TepaTypbl. J lflh W rat ejih, n a * e HBHcKyuiCHHoro b a n a j n a e c t h j i h c t h w c k h x cpenct B, He n p eact ab JiaeT o c o S o ft TpyflHocTH y B H a eib H B ynnah O B ocrb c o o S m e m ifl. J l p y r o e a e n o coaepacatenbh O -noatek C TO B ax HHcJjopM amw ( C I I H ). 3 «e c b BHTaTejib crajik H B aetcx c k3khm-to coosm eh H em, He jieacauih M Ha nobepxhocth h noatom y He BbipaacetHiMM Bep6ajibH O. 0 6 u m e askohom ephocnt oprahh3aiihh h k o m ik >3HKHH T e n c ia He H a x o m rr COOTBeTCTByiOIKHX 3HBKOB, BWpaGOiaHHblX fl3bikobum KOHOM, HOSTOMy C IIH nojixcha 6 b itb ot H ecena k H eh afinioaaem bim aakohomephocthm oprah H 3aoH n xyfloacectbehhbix h H e K O to p u x a p y n i x penetb O paeck H x npoh SB eaeh H ti. T em He MeKee r a x a a pashobkkhoctb H H tpopm aiom c y m e c tb y e r. B 03H H K aer B o n p o c : H M eer jih 3Ta paahobhiihoctb K ataie-to c n o c o S b i ( ic ia c c b i) ee BbiBB- nehhk, T.e. M oacet im C IIH 6 u t b n p H 3 n m a K a te ro p K e n b t o m nohkmattkh 3TOTO lepm H K a, KOTOpblH HSJIOXCeH BO BBefleHHH1. H CBH3aHHbIH C 3THM n p y r o ft B o n p o c : e a r n 3TO K arero p H B, t o HBJineTCn m i OHa HMMaHemHOH K areroph efi tekcta? J in x t o r o it o6m otbeihtb Ha 3th B o n p o c b i, HeoSxojW M O y x ch H ib p a a m i- <me M eacny c o a e p a c a ie n bhoxjjaktyaribhoh h coaepacatejibh O -K O H ueniyanbh oit HH<t>OpMaUHeH, C OflHOH CTOpOHM, H COflepXaTejJbHOHOHTeKCTOBOH ~ c a p y r o it. KaK ykaabibanocb Bbiuie, BcnKoe peieb oe npohsbeaehhe osjmtejibho conepjkht b ce6e ho He ofwmte/ibho CKH. OflHajco b xyaoacectbekhbix TeKcrax CKH o6«3atenbhwft kom jiohcht xekcra. CKH BbinsnneTcn B pe3ynbtare naarejjbh oro, nocjieaobaienbhoro, conoctabhiejibhoro anann3a C<DH bo scem npoh3benehhh. Donee Toro, CKH MoaceT 6bm> paamntho tntrepnpeihpobaha, nockojibky ona jp e 6 y e i HHocKa3flHHa h o6bimio aep5anbho He yib epam aeica (hckjiwiehha: 6acH«, HexoTopwe n tn w <J>onbKJiopHNx npoh3benehhh h fluaaktmeckah no33hn). B 3toh cb«3h m riepec npeactabn m o i cneayiomhe BbicKaawBaHWi, no-pa3homy BbipaacaioiuHe nphmepho oflhy h Ty ate MMCJib: "CpeacrBOM npeoaojiemih OAHOMepHOcm b p e w hbhhiotc* npoekthbhbie tpopmbi nabiica. fl3bik KaK 6bi HaacrpaHBaeT Haa JiHHHeA perni aonojihhtenbhoe MHoroMepHOe npocipahctbo, b hoctohhhom KOHraKie c KOTopbtM peib pacumpnet cboh HHMeHcHOHajibHwe d o tch k h h " [C J E KaitsejibcoH, 186]. CKH BbwBJjaeTCn nhiiib cynpanmieaphbim anajin30m. M hoto- MepHOCTb CBOHCTBeKHa H apythm BHflaM HCKyCCTBa... BCHKOC HCTHHHOe co3aam te HCKyccTBa.., He ykjiaabibaercn b KaKoe-JiH&o abyx- h h h TpexMep- Hoe TOJiKOBaHHe ( n. AHioKonbCKHH, ]. Eme KomcpeTHee ara Mbicnb Cm.: rajwtepuh H.P. OwpKH no cthjihgtkkc MrmdtcKoro aswk*. M., 1958, c. 124; Oh jxe. O noun m ax "enuu." h cnmhctkka. - BH, 1973, N> 3, c. 19; Oh are. Stylistics. M-, 1977, c Cm. ratore: rajimteptnt H.P. FpaMMarHBecKHe KaieropHH tekcta. - HanecTua AH CCCP, cep. HHT-pu h «3WKa, 1977, fp 6. 41

45 B bipaxceh a B.A. 3 B e rn H u e B M M :..H H ie ju im c ry s u it h o c B o c n p w a th e o& M K T a ( i. e. e r o o c o 3 H a» H o e B o c n p n «T H e, Bbixo&imee 3 a n p e a e n w c o S c t b c h h o 4yBCT- B e H H o ro ) n p u o G p e r a e i cneum <]>H 4ecK yio n B y c n o fih o c T b, K o r a a k H e n o c p e n c r - BeHHO BOCIIpHHHM 86MOH HH())OpM3ttHH, 3a*CJ1K>4eKHf>H B liobepxhocthoh c i p y K i y p e " o f o e K T a, n p H iu u o c o B b ib a «T C n h H H an, c K p b i i a a, H c x o jw w a f l H3 M o a e n H flah K O ro o 6 b e K i a, H H tpopm aq H a (B.A. 3 B e n o m e B, ]. B a t o i i (Jw p w y JiM p o B K e, K ak n p eact ab JiiteT C X, 3 a ic n io 4 eh a nortm T K a oo tek T H B H po B axb n o K B tm e n o f l i e K c r. M b tc n b, * n o M O nejib o& b«k :ra f l a e r B 0 3 M 0 * th 0 C ib p eajih - aattk H n o n o jih trre n b H O H H H cp o p M a u m t, H3B/ieicaeM O H H3 c a M o r o o G b e K T a, M oacet c jiy n c m b o ch O B atw em j u i h p a c c M O tp e H w r r e x c b o h c t b o im c w B a e M o ro o & b e K ra, K O T o p w e BbiH BJiJH oich b n o a r e K c r e. IToHHTHa n o m e K c r h npk patueh H e cm m cjib &dh3 k h, h o He loacnectbeh HM. IIpH paiueh H e cm W ona cn oh rah H o; o h o Bo3 HMKaer b n p o u e c c e p e a n n 3a u n fi jic k - CHHeCKHX, CHHiaKCHSeCKHX, KOMII03HllHOHHbIX OCOGeHHOCTeft CBepX(]>p330B0- r o eaifflc T B a, a n o f lr e K c r c o c y m e c r B y e T c s ep G a n b H b im B bipaxcenh em h c o n y T - c T s y e T e M y. O h saiu iah H p o B ah c o a n a ie jie M l e x c r a. C HaH& OJlbUieit OHCBHUHOCTbtO n o m e K C T BM X BnaeTCB B 003TH qeck H X npo H 3- BeaeH H H X, B KOTOpM X, K ak H3BeCTHO, M HOrOe C X aaah O HeCKaGaHHW M.B CTHXOT- B opeh H H A h h w A x M aro B O H " f t H a y 4 «a a c b n p o c i o, M y a p o xch Tb" 4 e iw p e C T po4)bl. B KaXCftOft H3 HHX nohtekct, a BO BCeM CTHXOTBOpeHHH sakhioxeha c o fle p a o T e jib H O -K o m ie n ry a /ib H a a w u p o p M a ia ix, K O T O paa c r a r a e r c n h j co n ep x taren b H o -n o ttt ek C T O B O H HHi}>opMauHH, p o x n a e M O H c o a e p x ta ie n b H O - 4>aK TyajibH oi( H«<}>opM aiweh. " 8 Hay'Biriscb npocro, Mynpo xmrb, CwoTpeTb «a H efto H M o iih ttc * Cory. H non no nepen seaepom 6pontm>, <1to6 yromhtb nehyxocyio Tpeaory, K oraa uiypm ar b o sp a re nonyxh H HHKHer rp o iflj. pafihhm xteflto-kpachofl, O taraio» Becenue cthxm O WH1IIH TJieHHoA, tjtchhoh h npekpachofl. ft BoaBpautaJocb. JlHxceT MHe nanohb TlyuiHCTuA k o t, M ypjibik arr ym iribh i'fl, H npkhit sa ro p a e ic a orokb Ha SauKHKe oaepitolt ncconunuth, Jlmut H3penKa npopeaueaer mun> K ph K a n e r a, c n e x e B in e ro Ha K p u iu y. H e o n u a a e e p t m o w t u n o c r y m u ib, MHe KaaceTcn, n mutt He ycnuiuy. B e 3 npohhkhobehhn b co aep x c aie/ib H O -K O H iie iit y an b H y K i to i^ to p M a u M io HeB03MOX<HO BblftBH Tb ItO fltek CIO BytO iokpopmauhfo, 3aK Jli04eH K yio B KaxCHOH cipo4>e. npejietabjihercn HetipaBOMepHbiM BwyxcHBan, nofljek cr b Kaxcaoti cipok e. K ax yxce 6 h /io CKaaauo, omenbhoe npeonoxcehhe n p H o 6 p e i a e i KatcHeto oco6bie cmbjcnbi, Korjia oho p: ccmatphbaetea b 6onee KpyHHWx orpe3kax B bicka 3 WBaHHH. B CBB3H C 3THM ymcctho BCHOMHHTb CHOBa TOJICTOrO:.. Kaxcaan m m c t ib, BupaxceHHax cnobxmh oco&o, iep«ei c b o h c m u c h, CTpauiHO nohhxcaercn, K o r o a 6eperc«o q i u h 6 c a ro ro cueiuiehiia, b xoropom oha HaxoflHTCn.. [JIM. Tonciofl, ]. nphbejiemioe cmxotbopchhe MOweT cnyxcittb HJUnoctpaiuieH atoro. IlepBaB crpoka 3a<mH. B inian b 42

46 H30J1HUHH, oma He HMeeT h He MOxcex HMeib noaxekcxa, liockojibky mm hcxojihm H3 to ro, m o noaxeicct HEJiHerca KaxeropHew xek cia, a hc npezuio>kenhh. B03MO»CHOCTb ABOHKoro nohhmamis upeaaoxcehhii erne He 4>opMHpyei kohuenmuo nomekcta. OjwaKo, ecn» nepboe npeajioxew ie paecmaxphbarb b pakypce Bcero cxhxoxbopenhfl - nepexchrax Jifo6oBnafl apama h npeoaoaehhe aymebhbtx x p eb o r,- xo oho HaxHHaex npho6pexaib KaKOft-io aonoahhxejibhbifi cmbicn. E ro moxcho yxbaxnxb, ecjih noobeprhyxb cemanxipteckomy anajw ay otflenbhbie cnoba axoro npeanoxcehhh. npexcae Bcero rn a ro n cobeptuehhoro BHoa nayuutbcn HMeex B CBoeft cxpykxype cemy npoueeca, npnvem xakoro, KoxopwH CBflaaH c npeoflonehhcm xpynhocieh. RocxaBACHHbm b npoiueam em BpeMCHH, oh HeH36e*Ho BbDMBaex k hch3hh onpeaexehhyjo npecymioshuhio, a HMeHHO: XCK3Kb XCeHIUKHbC 6bUia ipebowhoh. HCnoAHeHHOH BOJIHeHMH, MyHHxenbHbix nepexchbahhh. B cb iu h c xakofl npecynno3huheii cnosa npocro, Mydpo xak*e npno6pexaioi aonoahhxeabhbie shaaehhh, Ohh cxanobhxch KOHieKCXyajIbHblMH CHHOHHM3MH CO BHaHCHHeM *{>e3 TpCBOJlHeHHH, SApaBO, CltOKOHHO, pa3ymho, T.e. He tloahkhshcb BJI3CTH HyBCXB? 3xox flononkhxenbhwh cmmcji nepb oro npeaaoxcehha see ace erne He CRH. 3aecb ocogchho oxbcthhbo moxcho yshnexb pasjikxhe Mexcay npecynno3hmcefi h noaxekcrom. H i pa3hmx bhoob npecyimo3huhhj b 3tom cihxoxbopehhh BbipHCOBbisaetca KOHxeKciOBax npecyiuioihuhx, Koxopaa MO»cex coaepxcaibca b npeonoxcehhh h b cbepxc(>pa30b0m eawhcxbe. B cthxoxbodchhh AxMaxoBofl C nh BwHBAxercx b nepsoti ex p o se (noaxuxecxom C(t>E). CooiHoiueHKe AByx nepbbix cxpok h a s y x nocneahhx aacxabaflex aymaxb, m o BOJiKeHHH h cxpacxb xcchihhhn ew e He yracjih1. Ox3ByK npexaw x aybcxb nopoh eiue xep3aei ee ("HeHyxcHwe xpeborh ). Box sxo h ecxb C flh nepboit cxpo<jibi, Pa3yMeexcn axo npoh3bonbhoe, cysiekthbhoe TOAKOBaHHe, ho xa- K osa yxt npnpoaa CIIH! CITH BropoH cxpo<t>bi xoxce BbiHBAHexCH U3 cooxhouiehhfl nepbbix a»yx cxpok c HsyMH nocaeayhhimmh. Koraa tuypiuar jionyxu, Korna hukhct zpoidh pnsuhbt yxce xceaxo-kpachoh - chm boa ocehh, xoraa cjiaraioxca eecejtbte crnxu o raehhofi h npekpachoh whbhh. CeMaHxmecicHii anaah3 aeiecem a cxpykiypbi (tachkou, TneHHOu u npekpacnou) nocxenemfo nphbozihx k pacxpuihio yxce He nonxeiccioboh, a coaepxcaxeabho-kohuenxyajibhoh HHc^opMaoHH. 0 «a npocxytiaex ckbosb caobo eece/ibte, i.e. Secnea- Hbie, xciuhepaaocxhbie, xch3hey TBepxcaawwHe. BepfiaabHan HHxepnpexaimfl anecb moxcct 6wib ts k o h : Koraa npohochxcn yparan cxpacxefl, xoroa Hacxynaex 3penocxb, m u ospexaem cnoco6nocxb cmoxpexb Ha xatshb npocxo, hcho, HacnaxoUHCb Kaxcnoii ee MeaoHbW. OcoOeHHO orvexjihbo Hpocxyitaex noaxexcx b xpexbeb e x p o se. H 3aecb moxcho ycmotpexb cooxhouiehne npecyimoshiuih h CRH. jjbyiuiaaobocxb npeonoxcehhh m eoispautaiocb MOxcex 6uxb nonaxa h OyKBartbHo fbosbpame- KHe nocae aonrow nporyjik u) h k s k CRH: sojbpatuaiocb k chokohhoh, 4>Hnoco<t>CKH-co3ep[(axejibHOH xchihh, npm em CffH BOcnpHHH Maexca b KOHieKCte Bcefi cxpo<t>bi, cooxkocbcb h c coaepxcaiejibho-kohitenxyaabwoft HH^HjpMauHeS. 1 Cm,: Apynonoe* H M. npennoxcehme h ere cmuch. M, c. U 3, 114,186 k op. 1 Cp x HyuiKMHa: "B ayuie mck-a y n c x a He cobeem*, 43

47 0 6 p au iaei Ha ce6a BKHMaHue cpabhhxejibhtw cxenehb Hapemw ymuabho. Ecjih nohhtb 3ty caobotjtopmy KaK Bbipaxcaioiiiyio cy&bekthbhoe Bneqauie- Hue ^ehwhhbi (ymhjibhefl, MeM pahbiue), a BeponiHocTb lak oro npeanono- * e m w ochobaha Ha ogiueft coflepacaiejibho-kohnentyajibhoh HH(J>opMamiH, - to nomekctom Syflex: xenepb a Bee OKpyxcaioUtee BOcnpHHHMaio peanuio, ib k, k s k o h o ecrb, a He aatymahemioe HenyxcHHMH xpeboramh. noaiomv h orohb Ha SauieHKe 03epH0H JieconwibHH Hpoic, bosmoxcho, pahbiue ohb ero h He 3aMe>«Jia. 3aKnfo<iHTeHbHaH, HeTBepTaa c rp o ^ a nepekjihkaexcn c nepbofl: M ne Kaxercs co o th o ch tch co c/iobamk H ehyxnyto rpeeozy. HyuieBttbiH rtokofl ogperen em e He nojih ocibn, x o th yxce h o ith npeonojiehm BOJiHOBaBiiiHe npexcne 4yBctBa, KOTopwe HCKaxcanu BocnpHHnte xoiahh m ch h o u u npexpacmoi1, Heo6xoflHMO xaioxe yka3axi a m SByKOBoe ooopmjiehhe aioft ctp o ^ b i: 3ByK tu BcxpeyaexcH b tu ecra cnobax, nphiem qexwpe Ha hhx ph^myiomhecx CJiOBa. 3 t o t 3ByK Moxcex ogpaaho Bbipaxcarb xhiuhhy, nokofi JleKCHHecKH xce THiiiHHa KOHxpacxHO nomepkkbaerch cnobocoqeiahhem xpuk aucra h Hapemcm la p ed xa. XKaHeyTBepxcaaiomee abynahhe cthxotbopehhh h ecn> CKH, KaK a ee BocnpHHHMaio b Mepy cboero nohhmauhh. M noroe b to jik o b 3 h h h xyaoxcecxbehhoro npoh3begehhh CTpoutCH Ha npecynnosh um i. npecynno3hiuui sxo xe ycnobhh, npn Koxopbix nocrhraexcx aflekbax- Hoe nohhmahhe cmbicjia npeanoxcehhfl1. Moxcho conrachxbcx c B.A. 3BenotueBbiM, KoxopbiS npepiionaraex, qxo "xjiabhax nemioctb nposnemhi npecynnoauiihh 3aiaiioMaexcB k sk paa b tom, mto ohb nenaet B03M0xcHbiM okciuih* KauHM.,. noaxekcxa [B.A. 3BernHU.eB, 221}. noaxekct 5Ke - HBJieKHe HHCIO nhhrbhctj«eckoe, HO BblBOAHMOe HI chocoshocth npeonohcenhh noposcnarb aonobhhiejibhbie cmbicm* Gnaroaapx paahbim CTpyKrypHbfm ocogehhocthm, CBoeo6pa3Hio coierahhh npeanoxcehhh, CHMBOJIHKe H3bIKOBbIX 4>aKT0B. EyKBBJIbHOe H IIOAieKCXOBOe CiaHOBHTCfl B OTHOiueHHe iem a pema. B ykbajibhoe iema (jxahhoctb); noaxekcioboe pema (HOBoe). OcoSeHHocTb noaxekcxa aakjnoiaexcx em e h b tom, b io oh, GyayHH HeaocTyneH HenocpeacTBeHHOMy na&nionehjho, yckonbaaer o r bhhm3- hhh np» nepbom xxehhh h HatHHaex npocxynarb qepea coaepxcaxenbho- $akxyajn>hyio HK^opMaitHto nph hobtophom h o a x e HeoRHOKpaiHOM m ew m. H TeM He MeHee CITH peajibhocrb HeKoropbix bhqob TeKCTa. McKymeHHbiH WTaTejib BocnpHHHMaeT ero KaK He*rro cortyrctbywmee 6yK&aiibn<)My cmbicny. PaHee Gbmo BbicKaaano npeanojioxcemie o tom, mto npeanoxtei& e, HBJiHBCb KOMnoHeHTOM cbepx4>pa30boro eohhctba, MoweT camo b onpeaeneh' Hbix ycnobhhx otbeqaxb TpeGosaHHHM TaKoro eahhctba, i.e. 6wn> oaho- BpeMeHHO npeano»<ehhem h COE. I1oho6ho aiom y CI1H MOxcet b oxaenbhbix c/iyqaax 6bm floctohhhem He tonbk o COE, h o h npeanoxcehhh. n o a ie K c r HMiumimTeH no CBoea nphpone. ^To6bi HCHee npeaciabhtb cege ary KaTeropHio TeKCia, HeoGxoaHMO b npeaenax BoaMoxmoro otrpami'oitb noarekct o t 6 jih 3 k h x emy h o h h th h ch m b o ji ', npecynnoahithh h coflepxcatejttho-kohitenryajibha* rao op- MaUHH. 1 Zwicky Arnold M, On Reported Speech. - 1 n: Studiesin LOiguistkSemantics, 1971,N7(S,73. 44

48 ChmBOJI - OTCTOHBIUHHCH B HauteM C03H3HKH 3H3K 3HaKa. OTHOUlCHHe jhaka, k 3HaKyi MOxeT 6btTb ochobsho Ha cambix paahoofipaahbtx norhmeckhx npeonocbuikax. nockouibicy chmboji n p ean o n araer onioiiiehhe aiiatca k ahaky - oh akciumidfteh, a, keuc Gbino ykaaaho Bbtme, C nh Bcerfla HMHJiHUKrHa, b to BpeMS kbk cikhhcthmeckhe nphomu - Meia<J>opa, rm e p - 6ona, neph $pa3, cpabhetwe h MHorae n p y rn e He HMnmmnTHbi no cboeft cemahtmce: ohh nphmojihhemibi B BbipaxceHHH jibohhoro CMbicna Bbicna- 3bIBaHHH. CnM 3T0 HeacHoe, paamuroe, a nopofi h HeynoBHMOe coothoiuehhe CMbicna, h CMbiCJia3 b orpeane BbicKaabiBaHKH. Heo6xoflHMo euie pa3 noaiepkhytb, mto nonrekci cocymectbyet jmuib b OTHOCHTeJIbHO HeSojIbUIHX OTpeaKaX BUCKaSbiBaHHH. O h KaK 6bl KpOeKttHH Bep6ajibHofi MaHH4>ecrattHH m ucdh, CKpbJTbiit MexaHH3M accotptathbhoro MblUDieHHH. UenecooSpaaHMM npencrabnnetch BbineneHHe OByx bhhob CIIH: CHryatHBHoft h accoimathbhoh. CmyaTHBHan CIIH bo3hhk3ct b cbmsh c <J>aiCTaMH, COSbTTHBMH, p ah «OIIHCaHHblMH B SOJIblUHX nobecthx, pombhax. AccounaTHBHaa CIIH He cbhaaiia c $akiamh, OHHcaHHbiMH panee, a bo3hh- Kaet b cuny CBOHCTBeHHoft HatueMy coanahhio hphbmmkh cbhabiban Hanoxen- Hoe Bep6anbHO c HaKonnetmbiM jihmhmm hhh o6mectbehhbim onbirom. CHTyaTHBHaa CflH nerepmhhhpobaha BaattMoaeflCTBHeM CKa3aHHoro b nahhom OTpuBKe (C E hjih rpytme C$E) co CKaaaHHbiM panee. AccoiuiaTHBHaa CFIH CTOxacnnHa no CBoefi npnpoae. Ona 5onee a$emepha, paciuibibmata h HeonpeaeneKHa. 3necb o iw x b H eo6 xonhm O ynom H H yrb o T e a a y p y c e 'n rra re n fl. MeM a ro T x e a a y p y c S o r a ie h paah O o6 paah ee, MeM G o/ibiue p a 3B H ia c n o c o & to c T b m r r a ie n a ahanhthmeckh BOcnpHHHMarb t c k c t, iem K o m c p e ro e e B b iciy n aio T a n a H ero o tep iah H H H eck aaah H oro, noap aay M eb aem O ro. floarekct nono5eh, h o He ToxflecraeH KOHipanyHKry. Oco6eHHOcn> kohtpanyhkta cocronr b tom, <ito QBe Menontoi, KaK h OBe hhhhh nobectbobatoui, hnkh oflhy h xy x e ochoby, HaKnaflbiBawTca ap y r Ha npyra, ho hcho paamimhm u, xotx oona Ha hhx BBJTBeTCfl Beaynieti, a npyrax cnyxoit Kate 6bi <J>ohom, Ha KoropOM Bbicrynaer nepban. TaKOH nonn<j>otatei«, aanphmep, b onepe "EBreHKH OnerHH o&iaoaet opkecrpobka cuehbi ccopw OHenota c JIchckhm na 6any. OQmch peruimcamh a sy x nesuob iiomth pexhtamb npoxontrr Ha 4>oHe nphrnyuiehho abynamen MaaypKH. nono6ho aromy coher UleKcmipa Mofi rnaa rpabepom CTan, Koropbot npenctabjiher co6oh paabephyryio M e ra ^ p y, (JvaKnnecKH nocrpoeh no nphhtwny KOHTpanyHKta. Paampnie nhiiib b tom, mto b nocrpoehhh paabephyxoii Meia4>opbt 4>oh BbioBHHyT Ha nepbbiti tmah, a ocnobhoe coaepxaim e KaK 6bi neckonbko OTOOBHHyro. B pa6oie B.A. 3BentHueBa h o h x tiu i wnofltek C i k npecynno3hd h h (J>aKntMecKH otoxnecibnmotch... o o k h Ha cnoeb cmbicna nptthaanexht npeanoxetauo h cocrabnner ero cmwcnoaoe coaepxahhe, a ap y r oh BbmocHTcn 3a npenenbt npeonoxeiuifl (h jih BbicKaabiBaHHH) H o6pa3yer y c n o B k n e r o npabhnbhoro noihmthhi (paapaflkam o b. H X, ), hhh, K3K aaecb neookokpaato rosophnocb, ero noarekcr (B.A, 3BerHHaeB, 250], 45

49 KaK BHflHO H3 HaillHX paccyxmehhh, JIOflTeKCT BOBCC HC yo10bhfl npabwibhoio nohhmahhh*', a Hexa# aonon h u tch bhaa HiKfiopMaiXHfl, KOTopaa B03HHK3CT Goa ro aap a chocog hocth nhratena Bimeib tc k c t KaK co^erahhe HHHeapHOH H CvnpanHHcapHOH HH<t>OpMailHH. CyiuecTByct euie oohh repmhh, wacro n phmehhcmbih b jnmrbhcthke a n a Gonee uiyg ok oro p aexpbinw aononhhtejit.hofl HH^opMaumi, coaep- BcameftcR b nobcpxbocihofi ctpyk iypc npennoxcemui hjik ODE - HMiuiHKauhh. A J l. lubefiuep onpenenaer HMnniucatuiio KaK TeHnemutto k noapaayme- Bamijo cematmiieckhx kom hohchtob (A.JJ. UIbchkcp, 271 ], HMiuiHKamu os w ih o npothbonoctabjinetcfl skciuihkaiihh, K oropaa onpeflennetch KaK TeHaeHiiHa ecrectbehhbix aabikob k oixpbrto M y hbhom y CJioBCCHOMy BwpaaceHHK) cem ah THxecKHx kom itohchtob (A.fl. UlBeHuep, ]. 3 to onpeflejieuhe, sn o n n e nphmenhmoe b TeopHH nepebofla, a a e i jumib orpahhxehhyio so3mo»choctb ero kciiojib30bahhh b TeopHH TeKcia. Bern. cemahth- leckhh KOMncmeHT - 3to coctabhaa aactb 3HaaeHHa cnoba, BbiaBnaeMaa nyrem KOMnoHeHTHoro ahajuna. 3HaiHT HMiuwKauHH - KaTeropna SHaaeHHa cjioba. Ho Ha npakthke a io r TepMHH ynoipeg jiaerca b Gonee umpokom 3HaaeHHH. Ho cyiuectby HMmniKauHa h nomekct xbjuhotcji CHHOH HM3MH, Ho MeXCity CHHOHHMBMH, KaK H3BCCTHO, BCeriUI CyUieCT- BytOT K3KHe-TO pa3jjhhhh. Mue npeacrabnaetch, hto Meamy h MUjiHKauHeii h noiitekctom mookho ycmotpetb cneoytouihe pasmmhx: HMTUiHKamifl, c OflHOH ctopohm, npeonon a ra e i, hto noapaaymebaemoe hsb ccth o h noaxomy Mower 6uTb onyuieho, B a tom OTHomeHHK HMiuiHKaQHa cg/raxcaercfl c Hpecynit03HUHefi. TaK, B orpbibke H3 pomana TojjcyopcH CflaeTcn b HaeM, m e onhcbiaaetca npegbi- BaHHe HpeH h ee cbwa b HcnaHHH, ecib cneflywmee npejyio*ehhe; "Bm jio yxte acapko, h ohh hp "naacaahhcb OTcyiciBHeM cbohx cooteaectbehhhkob. 3necb cb«3b He KoiiynaTHBHaa, a noztahhhtenbhaa, T.e. B u n o yxce xcapxo, h (noatomy) o hh.. Ho h b 3tom Bime eme He pack pbib am ca nojmoctbio ochobahha npk'xhhho-cneflctbehhoh CBS3K. HMiuiHKauHa aaecb (a BepHee, npecynno3h iinx) cneayjoiuaa: ahrxmiahe osmmho He esfla i b HcnaHHio (Ha lor) b xcapkhe jieihhe Mecmibi. nph raxom to h k o b b h h h och o b h o to npeonoxcehhh Bee ciahobhtca na Mecro. H eoociaiouiee soecb nonpaaymebaetca. B yxce noonepkhban, <nx> nonrckct a io ra x a a oprahinaiihh cbepx$p&- aoboro enhhciba (h b oiflexibhbk cnyaaax - npeanoxcehha), KOTopaa BosGyxcnaei Mbicrtb, oprauhaeckh He CBnaaHHyw c npecynno3hhhefl huh HMIUIHKBHHeH. C flh 3TO BTOpOH ItHaH CO06llieHHH. HHorna cam abtop packpbibaet CTIH b cbohx npohsbenehhax. T ax, 10. O nem a HaaHHaeT pomau 3aaHCTb cneflyiomhm 3naMeHHTbiM aaxuhom: Oh noer no yrpam b Kaos ere". Hance abtop KoMMeHTHpyeT cmucn sroro npeono- *ehha: Moatcxe npenciabhtb ce6e, KaKoft aro aui3hepaa0cihua, anopobwft <*enobek. X em m t nen. BoaHKKaer b HeM petpaektopko. 3th ncow ero, b Koropux Her hh mwio- Ohh, hh cnob, a ectb Tonuco ouho ra-pa-pa, BMKpHKHsaeMoe hm na paahue nanm, MOBCHO TOJlKOBSTb TaK: K a x MHe nph HTHo achtb... ra - p a... ra -p a... M ofl K H iuew H K y n p y r... p a-t a-ra-rap a - p H... npab H jibh o a B H w y rc a BO MHe c o k h... HaM npeflciaboaetch, h to cos ctbchho CI1H sakmoaeha b nepbofi 4>paae. Jlaobm e yw e T ooxyioica He cnoba, a "nechk e ro. 46

50 PaccMorpHM eme o a h h npitmep. B pomahe TopHTOHa y a n n a e p a Mo c t K o p o n x JltoaO BH K a C B H TO ro" e c rb r n a s a "M apk H aa / k M ohteinam op, n e n M ra '. B Hew 3Ha<iHTenbHoe m ccto yaeneh O npxmoh k k o c b c h k o h xapaktephcthke M apkk3bi. flo p T p e r H apftcob au ta K, mto6 h n O K asaib He ro/ibk O b h su ih h k os jih k M apkh3bi, h o ce BHyrpeHHHfi MHp H, B tacthocth, 3TOH3M MBTCpHHCKOH J1Io6 BH. BOT OTpblBOK H3 3TOH rnabbi: U ph M epm o B epea d m rotta n o c n e lo a t p a u w H J u c e m H e n a n h h n p o n a o i u c n pun, HCDpHMeTHtlX C0 6 w n if l, KOTOpbIC MHOTOC MOTyT C K aaatb H a M O B H y t p e H H C M M h p c M ap- k h 3U. B n e p e im c H e m u H ax an n M jia m b rym SHHM # iib m c k h i h h x ; h o n a c K o a u c y o h coaepxnrrcx b T Ik c im c XXI I, r u e n p o rn x o u B a io T h n p y r a e npm M erw, a n o c r a p a jo c t n o M e p e c a n c b o h x n e p e Bc c TH h npok OM M CHTHposaTb n e p s y to n a c re. a r o r o n n c b M a ". 3 to abiopckoe BCiynneHne nphmenaienbho iem, <rro oho y * e 3actaB/iaeT mmejm bmhbhtb CKpwryio HHtJwpMaiwio nyiem fxwjee BHHMarenbHoro >nehhh, MTo6bi HafiTH 3tot rymahhbifi HaMeK", ybhrerb, KaK He npyrwe nphmerw npornxflbibaiot b nucbbie MarepH k floneph, Co6ciBeHHO robopx, b tthx cbobxx abtopa coaepxthtca yxaaahhe hb nphcyrcibhe noaiek cia B nphboohmoit nacth ithcbma. rioctapaemca BuxBHTb 3tot nonxekct. H e y a c M m h c t B paxefl b H cnah H H? T a t i t n o G p u e <t>nomajmm,i, mto 6 u B a jio ta K n o M o ra n n TeGe? O. co K p o B H iu e M Oe, KaK n a w B u 6 p ah im > te G x a a t o, mto c t o iib k o H en c.u. T il ik W ycthtejibcreyeun. cb oer n p o c t y n e? flo w B w ceh te, ym O Jixw B a c, B p a ty M H te M oe HHT*. A H reftbi H ec ech ue, ym O nxio B a c, BpaoyM K Te m oc b k t ji. T e n c p b t c 6 e JiyM iuc, ii * n p o io y T efia, B alt c jio b o, mto c o x a t u ik w yb C TByeun, n pn& m ik eh H e n p o c r y f l u, t h o c n o B a te n u f o ifo n a p M tin c a h ju w c e u n, b n o ct en b. 3 n e c b, b f te p y, a G c c c im u ia ; a h hmcm Be M O ry bom om k. H e G yflb c B o e B o n u io J t, m o b juog nm ax. B ju t o c jio b h T e 6 s 6 o r. C atmm h h c b m o m a u iru o R ( le cm o n y k i k o m m o f le p e s a - c e p a a n o c x r n o b o m o m nocnyiuhhuw c b it o t o (BoM bi. M h o t o m e n p o K y 6 y n e T 01 H ee. He a n a io. B p e a a fe fre OHa He nph M fnnrr. M hc p a c c K x a u B a ia i, G y n ro b M O H a c m p e n p o c r o n y iw f b ie c e c r p w BOMxajoT c e t b k npk nexc* HO, mto b o BpeMM M e c c u He c n u m e H a a n a x jta n a n a. C t o h t h h o h b x ero -m ig y H b - R e a n a io ; Hcmnaft ee..qanee cneflyjoi: coo6mehue o BbinojjHenHH npocb6u ao'ieph nphcnaib sonoryio aettb, orpbibkh H3 nucbma noneph, npenuiectbyiouiero nhctmy MapKH3N, OnHCBHHe npohcuiectbhh B KyCKO K TJl. Jinn Toro MToBbl BblflBHTb nofltckctobyio KHl}K>pMaitHK> 3T0T0 IIHCbMa, Heo6 xoflhmo B03BpaiHTbca Haaan h nphbecm ueckonbko cipok, pncyioiuhx 4yBCTBa MaTepH k aomepn: "CoaHtHHe, mto idogbh ee cyxcaeho octstkcx 6es oreera, aeflcibobajio»a ee HjieH, kbk np«6oft Ha CKajtu. nepbumh paapyuumhci ee peimrhoahue aepobahhh, h6o y 6ora - HJIH y BeMHOCTH OHa MOCDl npochtl HHtllb OAHOTO - MeCTa, me AOMepH mogur MaTCpefl; Bee oeranuiue atphcyiu pan oua 6u otnana 3aoapoM. TTotom OHa nepecrana Bepttn b MCKpeHHOCTb okpyaca]oinkx. B nyuie OHa hc nphwabana, mto KTo-HH6yBi (KpoMe Hee) Moxcer KortmHCyat mo6nn>. Bee ccmbh xmbyr a aacyumhbom KBHMare hphbumkh, h idobh uenyior npyr npyra c tibihm GeapaanHMHeM. OHa BiuteJia, mto judbh xobht ho aemjie b Opone cegxmogha - nuocue or camoiuogobahiih, xtaxuiyiiihe noxban, cnuuiatuhc HHMiojKHyio nonu Toro, mto hm robophtch, ntyxhe k BecHacni*M GiuDKafluiHx npyaelt, b crpaxe nepea bchkoh npocbgor, koto pax Morna 5w otbnemi hx or BepHolt cnyxcou cboum HHrepecaM... Mta tiohhmana, mto h oica rpeluha. hto ee mogosb... omparaeha mpahctbom: OHa hught aomb Be pajm Hee camoft, a panh ceg*". 1 yauadep TopnTOH. M o c t K o p o n a JboBOBHKa Cbxtoto. - Hoeutl Mnp, 1971, N*

51 Becb tc k c t TiHCbMa MapKHSb* cocrasneh TaK, nxosbi noka3att> sty rupahhio MarepHHCKoii jik>6 bh. 3 to nposbtoetca bo Bceu rekctobob oprahhaatuui, b ee KOMnoaimHOHHO-CTKnHCTH'iecKOH 4>aKType: 0 cokpoeume MOe... ymojixfo, aneeabi nedechbte... SI OecauibHa, a nwem He Moey nomosb. Bnazocaosu r e 6 x 6 oe h n p. Bee 3rn nobto pbi, BOCKnnnanuH, ospamehiw k cnnam HeBecHbiM, Becb 3 to t nat}>oc! Ho KaKOMy noboay? Pegb HneT JiHuib o nencofl npociyae, KOTopan, Kcrara, yxce npourna, Chktbk* CHgecKaa opraroiaahhh, jiekcioca k cnumcnweciche nphembi nphospetaiot AonouiHHTenbBoe 3Hageinie: xapaktepncnika MaiepH, ee HeyeMHoe H3JiKHHne gybctb, KoropwMM OHB cama ynhbaercn. BoaHHKaer Bonpoc: moxcho t o ynobhtb stox nonrekct 6 ea oracahhn BHyrpeHHero MHpa repohhh, KOropwM abtop npeflbaphei nhcbmo. HyMaio, gro, b KaKOH-ro crenehh, fla. CaMa <J)OpMa mjioxceuhn, KaK h3b6ctho, He 6e3pa3.ro w a k coflepxcaroio. Oua Toxce koc-ito nonckaabibaet. Ho axo 6buio 6 bi TOuib cmyrhbim BneuaTJieHHeM; He itoakpeiuiehhuh Qonee rnysokhm kohtckctom, a hmchho, npnmum yka3ahhem abtopa, nonrekct ocrabaacn 6bi eiue rtpenmctom paaraflbibahiui. 3flecb xce oh conyrctbyer camomy iexcry, ospaayn abb nnsha bochphjjthh coo6 meknn. 3 to CHryantBHbifi nonrekct. B cbh3h c nposnemoh nomekcxa HHiepecHbi TeopHH o norocjtohhh Muuuiekhh, pojih "AHanora b pa6oxe MuuineHHH. AHanH3Hpys pafjory B.C. BHGnepa "MbiiiuieHHe kbk 'TBopxecTBo, B. KysHeitOB aame^aex: JiHaJior h ero 3bko- HW 3TO He TOJIbKO OCHOBHOH JlpeflMeT pasotbl EH&ICpa 3T0 OAHOBpeMeH- HO OCHOBH3H $OpMa MTCHHa C3MOH KHHTH. y * e C HepBOH CTpaHHAbl HaTOHaeUlb CHOpHTb C BBTOpOM, OTHOCHTb efo MblOTO K CBOHM pa6ot3m, K CBOHM RpO&Iembm, BoaHHKaioT Bcrperowe nm oresbi h npeflnojioxceron, h abtop khhfh Bee 6oitee cianobhrcn co6crbehhwm BnyipeHHHM cosecenrokom HHiamw [E, KysHeuoB, 273]. rioatekct - 3to cboero poaa ro an o r Mexcay coflepxcatenbho-cjwktyanb- Hofi h coaepxcatejibho-kohuenryajibkoh cxoponamh HH<t>opMamiH. Hayuote napannenbho ana noioka coo6mehhh - oahh, BupaxceHHufi «3biKOBUMH 3HaK3MH, flpyroft, coaflabaembiit notocjwhheft arax 3H8k o b - b HeKOTOpbix to to ax cftroxcatorcn, aono/m m or Apyr A p y ra, HHorqa BCTynawT b npothbopeihh. OAHa H3 ahcthhkthb hmx xapaktephcnik noatekcra ero HeocJtopM- AetfHOcn h otciona HeonpetteaeHHOCTb. Eero nehcrbhtenbko npeflcrabhtb ce6e trehhe KaK corbopwecxbo, to, noxcajiyft, nom ee Bcero stot npouecc npohbaheich b KareropHH HOAxeKCTa; oh He BcerAa AOCTyneH jxaxce hck yuiehhomy <mxaxehh> h TeM He MeHee oh - KOHKpeTHan peajibhocxb. B noanweckhx npoiubeflehkhx oh Beaaecym. Bchkhh TeKci xyitoxcectbehhoro rrpohabenemw no cbobh nphpoae abosctbbh: oh KOHKpeieH h HeonpeAeneH. yrofibi hohhtb 3tot nyajih3m, Hyxcwo bcho cege npeflcrabhtb to cooinouiehhe oprahh30bahhocth h HeopraHH30BaHHOctH, O KOTOpOM Mb! robopkhh BO BBefleHHH H KOTOpOe COCTaBJIXeT cyiuhoctb 6 b in u. B oprahh30b3hhocth TeKcra KaK o&iekia Hatuero HaSnioaeHHH TariTCfl CHJibi, xoth h noflmhehhbie saxohsm ero oprahh3aimh ho Bceraa cnocochbie BbipBarbca hs nenkhx nan aeiepmhhh3ma. 3 th chjih BoaaeflcT- ByioT Ha TeKCT, 3acraBnnn ero flbiuiatb ; tckct, TOiueHHbift CIIH, oebiroo He npodyxcflaei cotbopiectba h, ospaano robopn, npeacrabnnet co6oh nonhtomriehobyto KyKJiy, H3 KOTopoii BbinymeH Boaayx, 40

52 npeflctabjwercji npabomcphbim Bee 3th coo6paxcehna o nom ek cie othcctm He TOJtbKO k 4>yHKUHOHanbHOMy cthjuo nsbika xyno)kectbenhoh jihtepaiypbt. CIIH HMeer pa3hbie <JwpMbi CBoeft MbicnHrenbHoti peanhsauhh b pa3hbix (JjyHKHHOHajIbHblX CTHJIBX H3bIKa. B OpaTOpCKOM CTHJie CIIH B03HHKaet B CBH3K C onpenenehhblmh HHTOHailK OHHblMK MOfle/I«MH. B ra3ethom TeKCTe oh 3aaBJiHCT o ce6 e b rpatjuweckhx cpencreax - uipwjjre, 3HaKax npennhanttfl (ihpe, MHoroTO«tHH h n p.). B HaymiOM TeKCTe, rfle noniekciy, Ka3ajiocb 6bi, He nonxcho SwTb MecTa, roace HHorna mojkho ero o6 HapyacHTb. OSbmHo CIIH b Hayoibix npohsbenehhflx moxcho ycmorpeib b cornachh/hecor na ch h c nonoacehhhmh, noflbepraembimh KpHiHKe. Jlaxce b HeKOTOpwx nenobbix nokymehtax, to ace, Kasanocb 6 u, nmxiehhbix n.byrui an obocth nanoncehhtt, HHoroa npockajib3mbaiot nsbikobwe BbipaxceHHn, cotqepacauihe CIIH. A wanna B03Moaan>ix CIIH b cbepx<t>pa30bbix eomictbax nokaabisaer, hto lakaa HH< >opmam»i name Bcero Haxomrrcfi b othoihchhh nonojihhrenbhoctr, a HHoroa h onno3hivih k 6 ykbanbhomy coo6 iuehhio. 3 to b non He ectectbekho. Gcjih npeaciabhib ce6 e, m o Mexcny nontekctom h cbmhm tckctom B03HHKaer flhanor, t o Her mntero yjxhbhtenbhoro b tom, m o noflrekct 6y aei, b KaKoit-TO cteneiw, onnohehtom TeKCTy. riphbenem nphmep accoiuianibhoro nonrekcta. " U p H M e p t c o H a t i k o A ace aepaitne a a n e p B u e y B H n e n aceny E y n m i a - B e p y H h k o - n w B H y M y p o M u e s y, M o n o n y n, K p a c m y i o x t e m u i m y - H e a a M y, a k m o h h o wehiiihky, - B u c o K y n, c b h ii o m K a M e a, m a n K O nptt'tecaioiyw O n o H A i n t K y c y a n o M B on o c, cnoaaatoiuhx H a uieio, ronyoornasyio, n a * e, sephee, ronysooicyio, oneiyio, K a K K y p c a c T K a, m o c - K O B C K y i a H e a p K y n K p a e a B H u y H 3 t o # M H TejumreHTHOft npocfeccopckofl cpcjibi, K O T o p a a K a ah n ac b m m Bcerfla e m c 6 o n e e HenocaraeMott, te M, H a n p H M O p, ToncTbift x c y pu a n b K H p * d h w c # o 6 a o x ( K e c o cjihbxhckoh b j h m o a a a s a H J M - " B e c n i H K E B p o n u, BiixoflHBLUMfi n o n p e n a K U K e # npa< >eccopa c M H o r o a H a n m e n b H o t l, k s k fiu apeabbinattho H a y w o f l 4» m h - jihc# O B o m t H K O ^ C y n H K O B C K x A " (B, K ai a ea. T p a B a a a CBOHHa, - Hostifl M H p, 1970, W 3). B 3TOM a63aue KpoeTca nojrrekct, b nociatobhoh CTenenM OKpauienHbift cy6bekthbho-monanbhbim 3HaneHHeM. 3 to t noaiekct nonckaaah tbkhmh penehhhmh, KaK He aamy, a hmbhho xcemimhy, Bepnee ronysookyio, MOCKOBCKyio HeapKyio KpacaBHiiy, cpeobi... eoie 6onee HeflocuraeMOft h np. CMbicn nonrekcia - nonnmihaft Kpaoora, eciectbchhoctb cboiictbekha HHTejuntreHTHoii cpene, koto pa a nyxcnaetc# SnecKa, BHeumero 3<j)4>eKia. HeBOJIbHO B03HHKaei npothbonoctbbnehme npoctotbl, CKpOMHOCTM, o6aahhb, HeapKoii KpacoTM BcemiiHHbi hanym3hhocth h npeiemihoahocth o4>op- MJieHHa Toncto ro acypnana c ero cnabhhckoh aaabn. 3 t o t nphmep nokaabibaer, 410 rrofltckct HepeflKo nepeknhkaetca c Kate* ropkeii MonanbHocm. IlpoBecTH Mea<ny hhmh pasnenhienbhyio nepry Becb- Ma TpynHO, ho Bee ace b03mo>kho. B nphmepax, pahee nphbenehhbix, CIIH jihmena cy6bekthbho-monanbhoro 3HaieHHa; OHa BbiteKaeT H3, Kaaanocb 6 bi, o 6beKTHBHoro onucahha cmyauhh. 3 t o oco 6eHHo aam cruo b rmcbme MapKH- 3bl nc MoHTeMafiop K B CTHXOTBOJ>eHHM AxMaTOBOH. IlOATeKCT B 060HX nphmepax moxcho onpen en im KaK chiyaihbhbiii, T.e. noka3bibaioupih kok- KpeTHbie co6broia h chtyaunn. B nocneiutem npnmepe nontekct - cysbek- TBBHO-OUeHOIHblH. Oh onocpenobbbho BblBBJInei OTBOUie HHe abtopa K OHHCbl- BaeMOMy. 49

53 H ia K, C r i H x a p a K T e p H s y e T C x H e o n p e n e n e im o c T fc io m p a a M b rro c rb io. B e e, n o H e B b ip a x c e n o b m m k o b w x b h b k b x, K O T o p u e H e n o n y c x n o r g B y c M M c n e H - H o r o fle K o a H p o B a H H H, - B e e 6 y n e i b c $ e p e C T O x a c T H «K C K o ro n e p e G o p a B m o x c h m x p e io e H H ft, P a s r a a u B a H H e - T B o p *» e ck H H n p o n e c c K, K a K K a x c n u H n p o iie c c, H e y n o B H M b c b o c m M iu o B e H H O M n p o t e K B H K H. Ilp H o c ra H O B ic e, T.e. n p «b o s b p a u t e H H H k pah ee n p o w ix H H O M y, M H o r o e HaM H H aet o c M b io u m c H n o -H H O M y. C o T B o p w e c ib O H a w H a e r c n tb m, r a e e c r b n o B T o p e tm e, f t a r a a b i- sa H H e H e a a e ic n c p a 3y. rjiaba ill qjlehhmoctb TEKCTA 10. One 111a, n o cjiobbm B. Karaeaa, Kamtcaji cthxotbopehue Anhne5apaH tojimco notomy, n o emy HpaBHnocb sto cjiobo. Cjiobo Aiibfle6apaH ok n p o H 3H O C H n c y n o e H H e M 1 M n o n ie n o 3T t i B O c n p tth H M a io T M a r n io c n o B a, t b k c ic a a tt b, c m n e * ih M e c K H, u e n o c T H O, B c J iy in H B a n c ti b e r o a B y 'B j m e, a c c o t a n t p y n e r o c x a - K H M H -TO H H flh B H n ya JT B H W M H n p e a C ia B J te H H H M M H C M y T H b lm H 0 6 p a 3» M H. J Ih h t b h c t n, it a o fio p o T, c k j t o h h u p a c u ie H x a c jio b o, B H n e n. e r o c o c r a B J u iio - u ih e, T.e. n o a x o s H ib k n e M y a H a jm r a ie c K H. B c j io b c A jityd e 6 a p a n ohm c x o p e c b h a h t flb e M o p 4 > e M U A / tb d e -H 'ffa p a n h u h A jt b k -de S a p a H. 3 t o p a a im 'w e yxc e n a s H O n o o M e ie H o k c r a n o o k h h m m h h c t h h k t h b h m x n p n a K a x o B f lb y x b h a o b T B O p ie c ib a x y a p x c e c T B e H H o ro h n a y w o r o. T p a H c n o m ip y ii 3t o o S u ie M e T o a o jr o r H 'ie c K o e p a a jn iw ie b o & n a c n. T e o p H H T e x c T a, m o x c h o R p e n n o n o M C H n, n o c a M c o a o a T e n b x y u o x c e c T B e H H O ro T e x c T a H e B c e r n a a a p r a e e n p o a y M a m io h t e t K o m e w n r c B o e n p o io B e n a ih e Ha l a c. O j m a x o, n o A > in H «H C b o 6 u ih M n p a r M a n e ie c K H M s & k o h o m e p H o c T H M o p ra H H - 3 a tp n i r e K C ia, H a x o m T H y x c n y io ( f io p M y in e H e H J ia. U e n o c T H o c r b B o c n p w i- r a n O K p y x c a w m e r o M H p a o c h o b h o c y c n o B iie x y flo x c e c r B e im o r o T B o p n e c r- B a H e M b ic iih M a 6 e 3 o c o a n a H H o r o D O H H h tah H X c o n o a w n e im H h B 3SHmo * 3b b k c h m o c t h a a c re fi. H T e M H e M e iie e O T x n o H e H H e o t n p e n o n p e n e n e t th o r o n o p H f lx a C J ie a o B a H H fl < a c re fi> 4 * P M c b h 3h, in e H e H U a u e iio r o, h b j ih io t - CH, B H3&ecTHOH M Cpe, BTOpXCeHHeM 6eC C 03H ateitbh 0r0, 3KTHBHO y>oct- B y r o n t e r o b o b c h k o m T B o p tie c K O M n p o n e c c e. Jle / io j ih iw. b o 6 M M e H $ o p M e n o c J ie a y ro m e n co a H a T e jib H o ii o 6 p a 6 o ik H a i o r o 6 e c c o 3 H a ie j]b H o ro. K a x y K a s w B a j io c b p a wee, q r o 6 b i HaftTH x a K H e -T O o fim n e a a x o H O M e p H O C T H n o c T p o e H H X l e x c r a h, b la c m o c r a, m e H e u iix u e iio r o lte n e c o o G p a a tio n p e n c x a B H T b c e 6 e H u e a Jib H h ifi r a n T e x c x a, b k o t o p o m ^ o K y c H p y io T c a h im - G o n e e r a n H H e c K H e 4e p i t i a r o r o n o c T p o e n H H. T o J ib x o o n p e a e it H B n a p a M e r p b i H jie a jib H o ro r a n a x e x c x a, m o x c h o y B H A C T b c o a H a re/ ib H b ie o t k j io h s h h h o r a T o r o r a n a, T.e. e r o B a p n a H T b i. n p e a c ia B J ih e t c b H e o c n o p H M b im t o t 4 > a x T, i t o B JieK K M O C T b T e x c r a 4 > y n x io ix o G u ie r o k o m t o a H u H O H H o r o n n a H a n p o H S B e a c h h h, x a p a x x e p xce 50 1 Cm.; Kam ee B. AjiMaattuB mob em eu. - HcnuB MHp, 1978, «6. c. 64.

54 3T0H 'UieHHMOCTH 33BHCHT OT MHOITfX HpHtHH, CpeflH KOTOpblX He IlOCJieAHlOlO portb HrpaioT pa3mep tacrefi h cohepwatejibho-^akrya/ibhax HH4>opMaunx, a takxce nparmathteckax ycrahobka coaqatenx TeKcra. Pa3Mep ta c m o6bitho paccm rah Ha bosm ohchocth w iat enfl BocnpnHHMaTt o6i>em KH(J>opMamot 6es n o rep b ". H3BecTHa rhnoreaa rjiyfihhbi B. HHree, KOtopwH, ocho- BMBaxcb Ha orpaithiehhh namxth, nbrraxch paacpbitb nekotopbie oco6ehh o cth anrnhhckoro CHHiaKOfca (B. HnrBe, ). I1oho6ho 3 to My tienecoo6pa3ho 6bmo 6m HaMeTHTb h nry6hhy COE KaK e^ihhum TeKcra h, B epoxm o, rxy& m y 6ojiee KpynHOro orpeaka TCKcia. Moxcho npepnonoxchtb, i t o pa3beptbibakhe KaKOH-^H6o Mbicjm b npeflenax o jm o ro COE orpa- HHXeHO, ITO BepOHTHO, CBHSaHO CO OIOCOSHOCTbK) 4eHOBeKa KOHlteHTpHpOBaTb BHHMaHHe na oohom o6i>ekte b lexehhe HeKOTOporo 6onee arm MeHee onpeaeaehhoro BpeMCHHoro oipesk a. Ecjih j t o npeanonoxcehhe cnpabexombo, to jyifl Kaxcaoro BbmenxeMoro oipe3ka TeKCia xapaxtepeh h rem nopaabhmfi napam eip. IlepepbJBbi bo BpeMeHHOM KOHTHHyyMe1 crcwib we tteos- XOOHMbl flflh ymctb6hhoh flextellbhocth, K3K H PJIX < >H3HMeCKOft H, npoflojiw ax cpashetute, mowho CKa3aTb, n o nepekmoteime BHHMaratx c o a n o ro ofibekia aa flp y ro i b paaseptmbahhh COE hjjh a63aua t s k we Heo6xoa»M o, KaK CMCH3 BHflOB 4>H3H«teCKHX ynpawkhhti. yqhtbibah 3TOT nchxo^hshonomxeckhfi $ak Top, mowho c SoJibiueii arut MeHbmeft noctobepnocrbio npo- HHKHjrrb b THnoaorn^ecKHe ocogehhocm trie He hhx rekcta. Peay/ibTaTOM HHierpaiom tacrefi TeKCTa xbjixeicx e ro uenbhocrb, TaKHM ospasom, HHterpaunx BocnpHKHMacTca h, BepoxTHO, ocyuiectbiixetcx He b camom npotiecce n e H u x xekcta him e ro coaaahhx, a b nponecce e ro oc- MblCJieHHH, ahajihthteckoro paccmoipehhx BHflOB COOTHOUKHHX OTflejIbHblX tacieii, cocxab/ixioiimx gahhoe uenoe. nono6h bm an aiu o b cboio oxepejib aioco6ctbyet 6onee mysokomy npomtk ho BeHHio b OHiojioni4ecKHe xapak iephcihkh ahckpeihblx eflhhhu TeKCTa. BbirojieHHe chcrembi trie He hhx rekcra HMeer cboeft 3aaateH eiue h npeoaonem te jihheiihoro naana aocnph xrax ibkcia. HHbiMH cnosamh, tnehehwe rekcta BbiabiBaet k w hshh TaKue KateropHH, KaK perpocnekuhx, KOHTHHyyM, nepeakuehryauhx h HeKOTopwe apyrh e, cflxaahhbie c n pocrpahcrbe hho-b peme h- HblMH OTHOUieHHXMH. OHH BOOIpHHHMaiOTCX o6b!th0 HHtlSb II ph HOBTOpHOM XTCKHH TeKCTa1. Ha KaKHe we tacih hpjihtck tckct? KaKHe 4>opMbt aenehhx uejioro npn- HXtbl B TeKCiax paahbix THIIOB? flux OTBeia»a am sonpoctt Heo6 xoohmo npeacrabhtb ce6 e MHHHManbHbm H MaKCHMBJlbHbJH TCKCTM. B KateCTBC MHHHMajIbHOrO BOSbMeM flhlsyio cnpabky, renerpammy, Kpaixoe raaethoe coo6mehhe, 3anHCKy, rhcbm o H TJl. B KateCTBe MBKCMMajIbHOrO pom3h, COCrOAUIKfi H3 HecKOJlbKHX tom ob ( k h h t ), KoropbiM MoryT npefliteqtbobatb npeahcnobhe (nponor, o t abtopa") h sakaioxehhe (nocnecjiobhe, snm ior), CaMofl KpynHoH eahhhuen b pombhe BbicrynaeT TOM hjih K HHFA b hx TepMHHonorHtecKHX 3HateHHxx, T.e. b 3HateHHH KOMnoneHTa uexoro. 3areM 1 O K o i r n i H y y M e, H H T e r p a u H H M n p / r M X, y n o M H H t e M b i x B3T o f t m a B e K a r e r o p w a x TeKCia, c m b coonerci'b yioiu H X raasax. 1Cm. ih>thp»bahht>c Bbiuic BbicKJiuHiiHHe B. AcMyca. 51

55 'UKHeHHC Hfler no HHCxojyunefi jihhhh: UACTb, FJIABA, FJ1ABKA (o6umho o6o3ha'jaeman apa6ck«mn m«j>pamh b ornhthe o t r/iabw, ocoahafaemoh PHmckhmh), OTEHBKA (otmcoemah nponycxom HeocojibKHX ctpok), AB3AU, COE. Ha30BeM Taxoe qnehehhe iexcra o 6 iemho-nparma- TR1 CCKHM, nockonbky B HeM yuhtblbaetch o6mm (p»3mep) facth H yctanobka Ha BHHMBHHe ih rare jib. 3 to idtenehhe nepekpeuthbaeick c ApyiHM bhaom passhehhh Teiccra, KoxopbiH, 3a HeHMOHHeM nywuero repmhha, mwhbsobbm kohtckctho* b a p h a t h b h bi m. B HeM BbmenflfotcH cjienykuhhe 4>opMM peietbopieckhx aktob: 1) peat abtopa: a) nobecrbobahhe, 6) orthcajme nphponw, BHeiuuocTH nepcohaxceft, o6ctahobkh, anyauhh, MecTa neticnihh H np., b) paccyxmehhh abtopa; 2) fyxcan peak: a) QHanor (cbkpannemtem asiopckhx pemapok), 6) wmnn*i; 3) Heco6cTBeHHo-nphmm peat. 05a B»na anehehhh BsaHMooSycnoBJKHbi h hmhjihuhtho packpmbawt co- Aep>KaTenbH04f0HuettTyajibHyK> HHcJiopMamno. HexoropMe hhhtbhctbi npeflnara»t Apyrne bham anehehfix xyao»cectbehkoro u apynot tckctob. npohhkhyrb b nparmathky fnenehhh tckcis aanaaa TpynHaxH peiuetote ee HepeflKO hocht cycbekthbhuft xapakxep. OjmaKO, nockojiucy camo ire- Hue, KaK fthokt M. UBetaesa, ecia pasraawbahke toro, wro CKperro 3a cno- B3MH, 3a CTpOKBMH CBOeTO pofla COTBOpteCTBO, noflmtawcb npeanphhjnb rakoe pa3raflbmahne Ha nphmepe qnehetow oiaenbhbix mcct "Bohhm h MHpa Tojictofo. ' V rnaba nepbofi <bcih nepboro tomb, b Koiopofi ecib eme <uieheiihe na o t5hbkh, sakahmhbae tch GeceAOH khbsh AHApen h IIbe pa baomc KHH3H AHflpea. IlocjjeflHHe penjutkh: H y, a n a a e r o b w u n e r e H a B c A H y? " - c n p o c H n Ilbep. " A n a aero? A H e m a n. T a K Ha a o. K p o M e Toro, a x n y... - O h o c i a H O B K n c x. - X w a y n o T O M y, w o a n aorskt, K o r o p y n a s e o y Jflecb, jts aootn. - H e n o M H e! " Cneayioman rnaba (V O Ha<MHaeTcn$pa3oft: " B coceaheft K O M H a r e aauiymejio acekckoe DnaTbe. K a K C y n T O o f H y B u m c b, K H H a b AHapeft B C T p a x H y n c a, h fimio e r o n p i w a n o t o ace Bupaxc e mi e, k b k o b o h o H M e n o b r o c m - Hoft A h h u l i a B B O B H U. Ilbep c n y c m u i h o t h c jthbsha. B o t u n a KHar ra i a. CoBeptueHHo oiebhaho, wto Mexcay masamh - nphfhhho-caeactbehhb it CBH3b H HMKaKOrO pa3pb!b3 nobectbobb HH H Mexcpy V H VI TJiaBaMH Her.H xem He MeHee Toncroft Ha men hjokhmm wiekhtb KOHTHHyyM. DoieMy? Karan aaecbnparmathfeckaa yeiahobra? Una otbera Ha sto t Bonpoc»eo6xoflHMo BHHMftTeni>HO npoahaahanpo- BaTb coaepxcarenbho-cjjaktyajibhyio HHcjJopMaujiio VI rnabbi. Bbi6epeM otaenthbie Me era, np«mo jihso KocBeHHo onpeaenhiomhe othohkhhc khhsu AHApen k xcehe: " M y x c c M o r p e n Ha H ee c t b k h m a n a o M, k s k B y a t o c «C u n y a H B n e H, j a Me T HB, w o k t o -t o e w e, K p o M e H e r o h Ib e pa, HaxooKJica a K O M H a r e, "... o A H a x o c x o n o n n o w yci- T H B o e m o B o n p o c H T e n i H O o o p a m n c n k xcoie,. ",.. T o h ee yace C u n B o p m H B u l l, r y C K a n o A H n n a c b, n p H o a B a a flhuy hc p a a o c m o e, a a s e p c Ko e, C e j n n a e e u p a x c e H b e.. " T b o B n o K T O p B c n H T T e C e p a n bine noachibcn, - C K 3 3 a n m u n b A H n p e d. - T u Cti urna c n a i b '... h x o p o u i e H u c o e m n i o ee Bflpyr p a c n y c n c n o c b b c n e 3 J M B y n r p m a c y. - X T e fie oabho xorena CKaaatb, Andri: oa w o t u k o M H e txk nepcmehhnen? W t o a te6e c n e n a n a? T u e n e w i b apm H ra, t u M e n a He xcaneeurb. 3 a w o?.. " I j s e, c ic a s a n c y x o K H a a b Annpeft, n o j w H M a a t o h n a x y crenemb, K O T o p a n n o K a a u s a e r, w o r e p n e H H e Ml'TOUieHO. S2

56 B n p y r c e p jw T o e 6 e n n t e B ttpajk eh ne K p a c H B o ro nw im na K ium ih H M M i H iuiocb n p «flnek at enufliim u B o 3 6 y * J W» m n M cocxpaoah H em BMpaxccKKc c r p a x a ; ca ta iicn o fljio C b it B 3 rb * n y n a c b o h m h tipex p ach b tm H raaak am H Ha M yxta, h Ha m tu e e c n o K aa& n o cb t o p o 6 - KOe h n p m tta io iik e c a B u p ax c eh n e, k s k o s C b ib acr y cofw K H, G u c r p o, h o c n a 6 o nom axh - Baioiueft onyiuckhum xboctom " npocnexchbas pasbeptbibatthe arotaoaa nojrajremiji ManettbKOH KHttntHH, nphxoflhub K BbBOHy, fto OCHOBaHliCM fljui BblACJIBHHA OTfle/IbHOH r/iabbl (V I) BBAHercH Heo6xoflHMOCTb 6 «nee Koincpenio omtcarb xy cropohy *m3hh khh3b Aitapeti, k o to pan "tie no nemy. tlnehehhe tekcra anecb BbiXBJiner He rojibko paaaenbttoctb annaoaob - /nt a/ior KHH3B A napes h Ilbepa o bohh&, 0 6 a65aie h BCiaBKa abiopckoft pent o tom. fro c aectm t n et Hero Boapacra TTbep 6but nocnah c rybepnepom aa rpahhity. c ohhos ctopohbt, h nohbjietote KHttntHH, c apyrofi, ho h onpeoejiaet a o h3bccthoh cxenehh OTHOiueHHe T oncioro k omtcbmaembim 4»axiaM. IlHcaTenb 3acTaBnneT nm T enti ocrahobhtbcfl, otopbatbca o t nocne- AC*arenbHoro BocnptttrtHtt $ jik to b h CKoHACHrpHpoBaTb cboe BHHMaroie Ha tom, <no nocneayei aanbtue. B eat hob a a rnaba npeanonaraer nepexoa o t oahoh jihhah nobectbobahhb k Apyrofl, a aaecb HOBoro He 0Ka3btBaeTca. CBH3b Me*ay rnabamh He ttapyutaetcfi. IlonyfaeTcti itekttfi :*}><J>eKT ogxta- Hyroro oxotaahjix. CroJib ace HeoxmaaHHO paaopbaiia HHib nobecibobatotfi <J>opMajibHbiM qjie- HeHHeM Ha rjiabbi h b ApyroM Mecre. V II rnab a aak ah ntb aercti: T a n, n o x a n y itc ia xce, o6eaan> k h>m, cka- 33JI OH. V III rnab a HaMHHaeTca: H a cry ro u io M o/m H ne. Ka3anocb 6m, agecb HHKaKoro Bbiaeneiutti, HHtcaKoro MJKHeHHH, t.e. hhtcaicoro paapbiba b nobecibobahhh He aonxcuo Cbuto Sbirb. Ho Tonciofi ontttb qitehht BbiCKasbiBaHHe. 3 to cbtt3aho c KeoSxonHMocTbfo aktyajntaobaib oraenbhbie 4>aKTM. Heno b tom, mto b rnabe V III BHHMaHHe thtaiejis itepekmoqaetcn Ha Haxamy PocTOBy:,. KaK B flp y r Ka co c en H e fl KOM KaTtt n o c n u u ta n c H 6 e r k j u c p H HecKOJibKHX M yxo c k h x H xtehckhx HOT, r p o x o T a a ite n n e H H o ro H n o s a n e H H o ro c t y n a, h b K OM H ary s G e w a n a TpH H aauath neth tui nebohka, san ax H y B < r r o f o K o p o ik o w KHcettHoao» 6 k o ( o, h o c r a - HOBHfiacb n o c e p e o H H e K O M a a iu. 3 to nepboe noabnetote Haraunt Poctoboh HeoSxoattMO 6 buto Bbiaemtib, BbtaBHHyrb, akryajntaobatb. H noaiow y nayaa - Ho&an rnaba. B Hen Bee noc- BnmeHO Haraute - orthcahhe ee BHeLUHOcnt, oaexcabi, nobeqemtn, 6 ecnphnihhoro Becenoro 3apa3nrenbHoro cmexa, ontouietout k nefl poahtenea h rocreft. Haxce xapakiephcthka Bopnca h HHtconan Boe a to BOKpyr Harauih, 3xo He cnyxanho. n o fm bo seen nepboa facm ram, rae notmnaetcn Hatama, na6ntoaaetcjt meitehhe rekcra: jjhso SbtoenneTcn rnaba, nw6 o SaeTCH " 0T6 HBKa. H m epech O orm eran. oco6chhocth <mehehhx Ha rnab bi h o t 6hbkk b Tonctobckom retecre: H H oraa e r o oic hbkh e ostaenph H trrofi towch 3p e w t«6onee n o n tn to o6ochobahm, <km rn a sb t. HeBonbHO aaaym bib aeuibcn, c xatchm HaMepeHHeM n H caienb ibk c&oeo6pa3ho nnekht tc k c t. He npnxoahtc n com H eb ancji, 4T0 xnehehhe B cero npoh3«eaehhh h e r o OTaenbHbtx ta c ie ti hm aanporpam M HpoBaHo. Ilo fn i Beane b attamiahpyemom pom atk H asnioaaeic x Oflna h T» * e reh flth ioia - ociahobhh.es, *tro6bi n p o a o n x o tib nobect- 53

57 BoaaHne, nepexnio*aib e ro na nepcottaxc, ynomhttytuh b npeflbiayiikh rnabe. IIojioBho rom y x a x Ha cue He chchi c se ia rtpowextopa HanpaBJifleTch Ha nepcohaxc, KoropBiH n o x o n y cuerotgecxoro aeftctbhfi nojiweh o6pa- THn. Ha cesfl BHHMaHHe aphkjiefi, hjih xorfla b re n e s hshohhom x aap e aaeich KpynHbifl m ian - b Texcre w kh m nepexniogehhem cnyxcht BHe3an- Hbifl pa3pbib cnennehhbix Mexcny cosofi $axtob o Sure ft cioxcethoft hhhhh. Taxofi xapaktep inehehhh re x c ia penbe<j>ho BwcTynaer bo mhothx Mecrax pom3ha. B Haxane IV rnabw, rne BHHMaHHe cocpeflorogeho Ha " hoxchjiok name KHHiHHe ilpyoeukoft, ecrb (Jjpaaa, KOTOpaa 4>aKTHgecxH HBJurercji n poiionxceiihcm npejtbtayiueft m asb i. PnaBa III KOtMaexca cnenytouuimh CJIOBaMH: " f T p o x o a a mhmo, khr3i> BichjihA cxsathji fttepa 3a p y x y h o C p a i H n c * k A n n e IlaBjiOBHe p a3yflre MHe atoro MeURejui, - cxaaan oh. - B o r o h Meortt xchbct y m o m, h b nepeua pas a ero BHwy b csete. Hmmto ra x He HyatHO MonoaoMy genobexy, x ax OfilUeCTBO ywhux JtteHtUHH,. Cnenytom an rn a sa (IV ) HagHnaeicx(J>pa3oft:, AHHa JlaBJiOBHa y jib ig n y iia cb H o te m a n a c b i a m t n c n lu e p o M, x o x o p u A, o n a aavuia, n p H x o io ia c a p o u n d n o o m y k h h s a o B ach Jim o Jlanbuie ny<t npoacextopa nepem emaercfi Ha noxchnyio namy h nocne fluanora Meacay Heft h khhscm BacHHHeM BHOBb npoflonxcaercjickokethah JWHHH flphcm y AHHbl OaBJIOBHM. TaKHM o S p a jo M, camo m ieh eh ue r e x c r a b B oft»e h MHpe b k a x o ft-to CTeneHH B c x p b ib a e t h m nib H flyajj bhyw M ah epy n H c a re n n ax x y ajih ao B arb o rn e n b H b ie MOMeHTbi coflcp>xatenbho-4>axtyanbhofi HHcftopMaiiHH. BbiflBH*:e- Hue 3THX MOMeHTOB npoboahtcn n y rem rpa4> H 4ecxoro B biaenem th, orpa> xatom e r o o S iem H O -n p arm a T H iecx o e noeectbobahhfl. gneh em ie x a 3 a n o c b 6 w H enpepbib H ofl h h h h h.iionxeho aam eth ib, x ro cb o eo G p aan o e T fio p ie c x o e gjjenehhe He n p o s o - a h t c h T onct bim n o c n e n o B a ie jib H o e c r a h TaxHe rn ab b i, b x o i o p b i x m u b ex p en se m aax o n o M ep H b ie h onpab flah H bie n e p e x m o g e n u a Ha napam jejibh bie CKHKexHbie jih h h h pomaha. O flh ax o ia M, r n e c M e m cxdkethoft h h h h h p e 3x o o g epgeh a, Mbi H asm oflaem h m c h h o o to C B oeo6pa3h oe T B o p g ecx o e g jie se io ie. H neh eraie n a g a c ru u e n o r o 3aBepLueHHoro l e x c r a Bbi3BSHO crpem jreh nem a B io p a n e p e f in i c o fln o ft cioxet H oft h h h h h Ha flp y ry io h jih xce c o jjh o ro 3HH30fla Ha f lp y ro f t b n p e a e n a x aah H oft cxok eih ofl h h h h h. rip ab fla, b co B p e- MeHHoft MOflepHHCTCxofi H H re p a ry p e HaGmoflaeTCH h norh geck M He n o c n e - flo B atenth oe jjb h a<ehhe h h h h h nobectbobahhh : c HeoxaiflaHHbiMH pa3pbib a- m h, c x ag x am H, BHesanHbiMH n ep ex o n am H o t o j h i h x B negatneh H fl, M bicnefi, ohhcahhh x jip y rh M, H H o rsa cob epuieh H O He CBH3aHHbiM c o & u e ft c o jie p - xcatenbho-4taktyahbhoft H H ^opm auh efi. AHaHH3 chcxembt r a x o r o gjieheh h h, echh a n e c b e c ib x a x a a -T O CHCieMa, n p e n c ia B H a e r o c o S b ie rpynh O cih, h n p u em b i 3TOro ahajih3a ip e B y w T o c o G o ro paccm O T pem ui. P a 3 y M e e rc n, wiehehhe b H aygk bix, a e n o B b ix, raaexh bix r e x c r a x o c n o B a n o Ha cob epiuerih O f l p y r a x nphhuhnax. B r e x c r e, He BbinojiH H toutem 3Ct«t h k o - no3habateh bhyio c^yhkuhio, rnabchctbyiouaim n ph m ijm om gjkhehhn B b icry - n a e r n o rh g e c x a a oprah H 3auH Ji coosm eh H H. H ansonec g erxo nom geck oe gneheme re x era 0 6na pyxchbae tc h b nayghoft HHTeparype. ferxocib peahhsyerch aaxce nyram BbifleneHHa gacieft uh4>- 54

58 pobblmh 06o3Ha*KHHHMH. B o MHOTHX MOHOrp3(J}HHX nph H H ia CHCTCMa 0603H a«h H H OTflejlbHblX 3H3WMblX OTpe3KOB ABOHHblMH H TpOHHblMH tw frpam H, HanpM M ep: 1.0 ; 1.1 ; 1.2 ; ( S h t a. T ak o e tuiehehhe le K c r a npohctbkaex H3 Mcenamoi S B to p a n o fc a 3 a ib 3 b b h cm m o ctb H nofllhhehme OTpe3KOB B btcka3mb ahh H, OflHOBpiJMeHHO B T3KOM HJieHe- KHH KOCBBHHO BbipHCOBblBaeTCH CBMa KOHAejIUHH abtopa OTHOCHTBJibHO BaaHMOoSycjiOBneHHOCTH BbUjejieHUbix q aciefi. J ljit i coxpaneh H B nocnea O B arejtbh octh HajioxoetoiH (K O H rah yym a) o a h o h H3 B e fly u w x K a re ro p H ii H ayvh oro x e K c ta, H acro n p H x o ith tch n e n a ib c h o c k h. C a o c K a b H ayvnom r e k e r e e c tb He n o HHoe, K ak y 3aKOHeHHoe o t - c ry n jie m ie o t n o c jie a o B a x e jib K o ro HajioxceHHH, h e t f ip y u a io tu e r o j t o h n ocjie flo a a xeji b h o c th. nph M evaxejibh a a 3 to m o t h o u k h h h uejjabho B B eneh H aa ch ciem a CHOCOK H CCbUIOK KBaAp&THbie CK06KH, ~ B KOTOpbIX A H ^po B bie o6o3ha«kkhb OTCblJiaiOT BHTBTejlH K 6H6jIHOrpa(]>IIH, TAC CCbUIKH JiaHbl B aji()>abhthom nopsiflk e ( n o a B io p a M ) h u h b n o p x R K e h x y n o M H u am ifl b x ck cre. H p a rm a ra le c K a x y c ia n o B K a a o e c b o ieb H jm a h h h t o He a o jd k h o OTB/ieKaib i n r a r e jib o t n o c n e a o B a re /ib H o ro x o g a a p ry M e H ia u a H h u h H an o x e * HHJt HaVMHblX nojioacehhh. OcOSblH BHR HJieHeHHH TeKCTa nphhht B AHIlJIOMaTHHeCKHX BOKyMeH- i a x b n a K ta x, y c i a s a x, A o r o a o p a x, w em opah aym ax h n p. h CyKBeHHbie yka3arejth <uiehehha B C T p e ta m c a 3Aecb o w H b y a c io. k s k U H ^ p o B b ie *l(ienehhe fi r a 3 e m b ix le K c x a x n oflih H aet cfl b o c h o b h o m rrp arm a raieck O H yciah O B K e h orpah H aeh H io Me e r a, h o c jih iu k o m cxcaiah <{topma, b k o t o - p o ii aakm oaeho c o o fx u e iu ie m o h cct n o j m c aaxce H apyiinit b norh aeck H H H n pa TMaTHiecK Hii a a ie K ib i uieh em ia. B OTaeJibHbix c jiy a a a x b o a h o m a 6-3au e coaepxcatcb HwJjopM auhh p a a H o ro n a a n a, K ot opbie m o h o to 6bUio 6bi npeflcrab H T b b ap o G h o m b h a s. 4 t o w e K aca et ca noanh ieck H X npoh3bezrehhh, t o jjp o 6iKHHe Ha cm m c- jtobbie o tp e a K H (ctpcxpbi) nojpih H aet ca b h h x h h h m nph H im nam, <bm b n p o a e, b H ay w ib ix, A enob bix h raaet H bix te K C ia x. ( le p e x o A u o t o a h o t o 06- p a 3u,a k A p y ro M y, o t o a h o h MbicjiH k A p y ro n, o t o a h o h accouh atth H k A p y - r o S npeactabjwiot c o6o ii o c o6n h BapnaHT K O H iek C TH o-saph aih B H oro *uie- HeKHfl. B TaKHX HpOH3BeAeHHHX He TOJibKO CTpc4>a HBAHeiCH eflhhhikh HJKHeHHH, h o H epeflk o l a c i b crpo4>bi B w c ry n a e i b Ka^ecTBe S o n e e h ju i M e H eecam O croirrejibh oroc < I.B K a ie e r e e HJuiiocTpauHH nphboakm A se ct po- 4>bi H3 CTHXOTBopeHHH IllejiHH "O B jia K o " b itepebo A? e r o Ha pycck H H H3U K B.B. JleBHKB. JleneH H e Ha c r p o $ b i I h II (K ak h AaJibHeftiuee A ejieh ne) Bbi3BaHO n p ea - ciabjiehhem o p a 3 H tix B pem eh ax ro a a - O e p a a a c rp o 4 * a J ie io : xcaataym He A B eibl, JIHCTbB B HX IIOJIAHeBHOH APeMOTe> P C a, rpb A t AOHCAb, TOpMJ AOKAb, rp o M ; B T o p aa CTpo<t>a 3hm b: c n e r, g e n a a n o A y u flca, BHxpb. 3 A ecb, npab A a, H M ejoxcs H onhcahhh h b jk h h ^, xapak T ep H b ix a iih B e c H b i-n e ia. H o ogpaih M C H CHaaana k I c rp o c p e. 3HaHeHiie 3H3k o b npenhhahhb b n o s n tie c K H x npoh 3BeA eh H xx ipya H o n e p e o a e m tt b : o h h n p H o S p eiaio T cm m cjiopasjih 'ih TejibH bie $yh K ith H h c n o c o G c rs y io T 6 o jie e Ap- 1 Cm. nphmepu H ac. 3 2,3 3, 34,

59 O E J 1 A K O S i BJiarofl cae*e(l MopcKhx npufipexchfl Kpoiuno UBeTU BeCHOfl, JIa» n p o x J ia fly jiohsm u crapy B nona H eb H bitt 3H ofl. Kpuna packpoio, nponuocb pocoto, H BOT pqctkh B30UIHH, IloHHKUIHe CQHHO Ha StipKOe 71OHO K p y s ta tu e d c * b ru ia c K e a m jih. SI rpanom xnecthy, KaK ikpom no rywny, H jfhct n06sneer h kohoc, SI x e o n u M flo stn e M p a c c u r v n o c b K p y ro M, H c w e x Mod - rp o M a r o n o c. CtaeHy t cx er a H a r o p a x n y n, 3»cTOHyr Keapbi bo Mrne, H BO&bHTWlX MCTenH, kbk na 6eaoR nocrejih, S i c iu n o n a HHKOfl c K a n e. A HB felmhbx mohx, Ha aycuax KpenoctHMX Mott KOpM<wd, MOJIHIU, HCJ&T, B noosajie cupom boot ckobbhhuhrpom H pserca b ckhutt cboq. Hap, c y w e f t, Map, w o p m *, n o ib e ip a s * n -yes p a w, Mott K o p M w f t npbbht hbui 6er, BHeMJia b B bicax CeppoHHUX 30Bbm ju ibo b BJHo6aeHHbix. HacenbHHKOB M opa h pek. Hon B o p o tt, b n e G e c a x, Ha n o n a x, b n e c a x Koauo a s e a n H o tt h c o m e w u M ahbm, B H ep p a x ro p, b ra y fih b o a, m o d b h ju i n o n e t, f l y x, JiioBH M Utt h m, r p e a m o e k m, H nokyoa, PHKya, no naaypat Gery a, P acto aaet ca uiym HUM nostflem tajibhomy h yrnysnehhomy nohhmahhio acrethicckoro nepexchbaraw nosia. OcoSoe 3HaaeHHe HMeioT tohkh BHyrpn ctpotpw. Ohh k sk 6m apo- 6h t Mbicjib, sacrabjuikjt «m rare ah nepekawwrbca c oflhoro ogpaaa Ha Hpyrow, Tan, b nepbbix letmpex cipokax a»h o6pa3tiepcohhtphimpobah- Horo o 6naKa, ospas, b KoiopoM nojpjepkhyrbi abc $yhkwni ofoekta - AaBara Bnary h tehb. IlocneayiomHe letbipe CTpoKH apyroft oopa3 notua, C KpblAbCB KOTOpOH KaHAeT 3*313HeTBOpHatt pota, ItHTanmatt nohkh. BoaHHKaex hobwh o6pas semaa Man. Biopoe HetBepoctHimie otjpneho o t nepboro tohkoh. tine hc Hue BM3B&HO xceaamtem packpbin. apyryw 4>>hklihkj ognaka. TpeTbe HeTBepocraiJiHe, ronce oiflenehhoe toakoh, aaei hobmh 06- pa3 uea, KaK none3hoe ce AbCKoxosHHCTBeHHoe opyahe. Tbk nojt HnoGpaacaeT rpan, bha* aaace b HeM 3KH3neTBopnoe Ha«wo. TaKHM ogpaaom, snehehhe crpo^bi npoahktobaho paahbimh o6pa3hm* mb npeacrabhehhamh 06 ogaskb, o ero GaaronaTHbtx <J)yHKHHHx. 3to cbocro poaa thmh nphpoae-gaaroaeteabhhite. H cmen HywHbiM nphbecm h BTOpyio ctpo$y BToro CTHXOTBopeHHa Ann roro, ijtosbi noka33ib, kuc pa3bepn>ibaetca Mucnb no3ia h kbk n03t OTflejMer ohho BbtCKaabiBamte, oahh o6pa3 or apyroro. He Baa- BaflCb B TOHKOCTH CTpyKTypHO-CeMaHTOTCCKOft HHTepHpeTailHH MMC* nefi, HyBCTB h npeflctabjiehhft nosra 0 npepmere omtcahhii, o6pa- 56

60 tkm BHHMamte, KaK cam host genaet painhmhe Mexcny tomkoh h tohkoh c aanfltoii b aroft ctpo<t>e. YMecTHO nphbecrh Mbicnb A, Eejioro: "... Beflb Kaxcnoe cjiobo noara, KaxcowH shsk npenratahim poxcoaetch He cjiyiafiko, a MenneHHo KpucTajiJiH3yeTCH b cjioxchom KaK M»p, H33MBaeMbiM nnp«- yeckhm cmxotbopehhem [A. Bejibift, 211]. FlepBbie 4eTNpe crpokh BTopoft e x p o rt phcynt osnako b ostarafix caexchoft 6ypa. riocne arax crpok. otflenehhbix o t Bcex ocianbhbix tovkoh, cnefly»t 14 cipok, Mexcfly KOTOpbiwa Her roaek, ho nohbjihiorcx touch c janaioa. Tanaa nyhktyamw aaet BoaMoxtHocib rtpeanonoxcmb, ito noar b CMeHxiouihxcx ospaaax (He6ecHbiii aepror c 6aiuNeH h nooaemeflbem h hx oshtatejih; nyxh, Korop we OBHxcyr o&nako b nypnyphom B03nymhom OKeane; KynaHte o&iaka b "ronysoft yjibigiee ne6a },BeponTHo, bhhkt Bonbiuyto B3aHMoaaBHcuMocrb, <km Mexcoy o6pa30m osnaka b cttexotyto Metejib h nocneqyioimimh ocpaaamh*, Bosmoxcho, Moe "pa3ram>ibanhe iaflhoro ckpmtoro 3a crpokama ne oa- H03H34H0 BOCIIpHHTHiO 3TOH Xoe CtpCxJlbt flpyrhm UmiC/KM. B 3TOM cyxb HCKyccTBa: conepebmbahhe canaano c HaicoiuieHHWM onutopi <rrehhx xyflojkecraehhoh nnrepatypbi. BocnpnaTHe 3Cte THKO-nosHaBateji b- Horo B03fleHCiBHH Kaxcaoro aahhoro npoh3benehhh Boeroa HHUHBnayajibKO, TaKHM ofipaaom, qnehemte jito6oro mkcta, 6yw» o h xyfloxcectbchhwh, ae/ioboh, raaethbiii hjih Haymwft, HMeeT HBOHKym ocuoby: pa3nenbh0 npeacibbhtb MHiaieiiio orpeakh abb Toro, mto6m ofinenihtb BocnpHSTue coo6uiehhb h onii Toro, *tt06bt abxop jtrix ce6x yxchkjt xapaxxep BpeMea- HOH, (IpOCTpaHCTBeHHOft, 06pa3HOH, JIOTHHeCKOll H ApyrOH CBB3H OTpe3- kob coooukhhs, B nepbom CJiynae hbho omyrhma nparmarhweckas ocho- Ba uiehehhh, bo BiopoM cysbckihbno-n03ha b a tenbhaa. KaK b nepbom, iak h bo BiopoM cnyxae Hammo ahajihthxeckan tehnehmifl, Bceroa conpoaoxcaarauiaa npoitecc peammmih m hcbh b imcbmehhofi pa3hobhflhocth «3biKa. 3 ia TeHneHUHB tbm ciflibhee h i«m xchee Bbipaxcena BepSanbHo, tom 6nHx<e xapax rep coo&iiehhh k cthjiio Haywofi aokymehiaiihh, b kotopom nonmeckafl nocnenobatenbhocrb h aakohomephoctb cbhaeit o6ecneih- BaioTiierKoe sekojihpobahhe. B cobpeinehhoh jih rep aiy p e, oco6ehho b npon3b eaeh H «x Tax H aabsaem o- r o "n o io K a co3hahha", nacto B ctpeaaiotcx rakhe pa3pbniw cooguiehhh, K o topbie oaooaihbaiot q H ia ie n x, ciabht e r o b ty n m c : o h He HaxooHT ochoba- KKH a n «UieHeHHH, He BHflHT CKpblTbIK CBHaeii MeiKfly UieHHMblbW 0Tpe3* K3MH H n o p o ii COBCpUKHHO ISpiKT HHTb HOBeCTBOBaHHH. JlKtSonblTHO cyiuectbobahue amephkahckoro xcyphana L o p T.e. Language o f P o em s (flsblk H033HH), HBHb KOTOpOTO TOJIKOBaTb HWlOHHTHbie, HeBOCHpHHH- MaeMwe HenocpeacTBecrao cih x o ib O p ehhh. H ah 6onee xap ak ieph aa n epra 3 th x cthxoibopehhh - KapyuBHHe CBH3eft Mexcfly otpeakbmh rex CBHaefi, KOTopbie HOMOraioT HHraieaio yachhtb w n b sahmoothoiiie hhb Mexcny lacthmh. OoHdKO, c y a * n o H ek o io p u M ocooehno HautyMeBiUHM n p o n a - Be/WHHHM t h k o to r a n a (HanpHMep pomah "Y h h c c " HacenMca f lw o flc a ), k n o a o 6 «o e cnoxchoe uiehehhe oaet npeaciab/iehhe ( x o th h CBoeo6pa3Hoe) 0 OHCKpeTHOCTH HBCTeH. CBOeoSpasHC 3aKJlfO<taeTCfl JDtlllb B HpeHeCpexceHHH ^TpatcroBxa otfpaaob lacnraiio o u u no opnntmany noamu. 57

61 k yctahobhbuieficfl Maiiepe onpeaenatb xapak iep OTHOiueHHH Me*fly uacwmh BbicKaabiBaHHa, X aoraaeckoe HarpOMoataeHHe Mbicneii, :xih30aob( xapaxrephcihk nph3b3ho KaK 6bt oipaxot b ectcctbehhbift npouecc aenobeaeckoro coahahha. H eneroie Ha as3am>i h nonw ixw onpeaenh ib ranbi as3aueb b pa3hbix TeKCTax nofltbepacflaiot Mbicnb o tom, vto anehehhe u eao ro ab aaetca peayjibiatom aorh aeck oro ocmbicaehha co o th o iik h h h aacteii. OjXHaKO, HHoroa ne BH3H0CTb OTfleabHbix aactch rek cia a a a a e ic a pe3yabxaiom oco3bahhoro h n peflhamepehhoro sam btcaa abtopa. ' KaaefiaocKonMaecKHH p a n ApoSHhix ajiemehtob aehctbhxeabhocnt, cnpabeaahbo 3aM eaaei K b. KoxcesKHKOBa, cnocoseh noaaepxchbaib Ma- AJ03HH) 6bICTpOH CMeHbl flefictbhh, ychahb3tb 3KcnpCCCHBHOCTb nobectbo- BaHaa, a oahob pemetiho nphoabaib emy h cysbekthbhyio TOHaabHoctb, t.k. cos btm a, BoaipHHTHe BHeoiHero MHpa k paccyxcaehha o HeM npoxoaat KaK 6bi aepe3 coahakhe cysbekta, H axoaauteroca BHyrpH cosbith h h, caeaobaieabho, noaatoiuero hn<j>opmauhh o hhx pmbkawh, Sea B03MCBKH0CTM ytiophaoahtb HX, npobecth ah<m>epehuhalthi0 H HepapXH- 3ailHK) HX 3HaaHMOCTH [K. KoXteBHHKOBa, ]. nphbeaehhoe BbicKaibiBaHHe num b nofltbepacuaet Mbtcnb o tom, ato, noab epraa tc k c t coahateabhofl cermemauhh,, xyaoxchhk caoba Bee ace He cbosoxkh o t npottbaehhb SeccoaHareabHOro b ouehke oiaenbhfcix <t>akt0b H cosm thk h HesoiibHO Bbipaxtaet 3to nyrem BbiflBHxcetfflB rex hah hhmx MOMeHTOB B KaaeCTBC BCCbMa SHaaHMbtX H nostomy aoctohhblx rpa<t>h> aeckoii HHTepnpexauHH. B T ek crax, o th o o u u h x c b k c ra n io sabik a xyqoxcectbehhog n u ie p a ty p b i B b ia e a a e ic a ocosbiu e h a KOHieKCTHO-BapnaraBHoro nnehehhh uhxauhh. O ua sahhmaet a o B o ab n o 3HaaHieabHoe M ecro B HayaHbix TeKCiax h caywht abtopy a h So a n a t o t o, HToSbinoAaepwaTb c b o» M bicab, h h S o nporab O - nociabhtb ee ayxcofi m w cah, a h S o n p o c ro, arosbi nph B ecra abio-io ToaKy 3peHHH. lih ra ia B cerfla rpa4>haeckh OTflenewa o t o c h o b h o to r e x c ia KaBbia- KaMK. OcBemeHMe aaeh eh M rek C ia SyA er HenonHbiM, eonn He ynomhhyib cboeospaahfl nek o ro p b ix e r o aacrefi, KOTopbie nohbabiotch osbiaho b re K cia x SoA biuoro paam epa - b pom ahax, npam ax, SoAbuiHx n o ain ax, y crab ax, nak - ia x, a o ro B o p a x h n p., t a. b r e x peaeraopaeck H x npohabenehhax, KOTopbie ycaobho m oxcho Ha3Ban> MaKporeKCTOM. TaKHe a acra HaabiBawrca nop33homy, B aabhchmocth OT THTta TCKCTS, a HMeHHO ApeAHCaOBHC, BBeneHHe, o t abtopa, n p o a o r, n p e a M S y n a H,c a p y ro ii ctopoh bt nocaecaob H e, 3aKaioa eto ie, a im a o r, p r e c is, su m m ary, b u b o a m a n p. B OTnnane o t orthcamibix aacrefi rek cra osbemho-nparmaih aeckoro xapakxepa, KOTopbie BnaereHbi b npohseeuehke h ranaiot ca ero neotbemaemmmh aacthmh,npeflhcnobhe,bbeaehhe, 3aKaioaeHHe h np. 4>aKyabiaTHBHbi, OkhxapaKiepHayTOTCBnpexote Bcero HeKOTOpofi HeaaBHCHMOCTbto o t ueao ro tekcta, ho oahobpemehho tb ch o cbh3ahbi c hhm, 3 th aacnt KaK Sbi cobmemaror B cese aeptw osbemho-n par Mara aeckoro anehehhh, nockoab- Ky otneaehbi o t TeKCia Ha3BaHHeM. O hh HMetoT OTKpoBeHHO B03ne«- ctbyiomee BamiHHe ua ah iaieaa k kohlekctho-bapharabhoe aaeikhhe, nockoabky ohh npeflcrab asw r cosoft hhcto abtopckhe paambnunehhh o co- AepxcaKHK npoh3be^hh«b ueaom. sa

62 B BeaeH H e oqbimho n p e flb o cxh iu a e T c o a ep xcat e jib H o -xo H ijen T yajib H y io h h - 4>opMaiiHK>, a b n ek O T opbix c n y a a s x h c o ije p x c a re n b H o «}> a x r y a n bh yio. C s o e - o 6p a3he BBeflpHHft b to m, h to H a n p a B Jia a M bicnb H H ia ie n a Ha t o, o hcm 6 y a e i p e ib B n epeflh, o h o He p a c x p b r a a e i h h n n a a a n o B e c tb O B a h h a, hh c» )K e r a, h h o c h o b h o h HH4>opMattHH. B BeaeH H e o 6 u h h o c o n e p x e m H M juih Ka- UHio h c n o c o 6 c T B y e T n p o c n e i< u n n. H H o ra a o h o sxcnjimuhtho o w p a x c a e T TBopHecKHH HM Hytibc a B T o p a h jih osih C H H et, h to H aiojikh yjto e r o Ha CO 333- HHe npoh 3B en eh H a, h jih q ae T H e x o io p b ie o 6 o 6 m e m ih. n p e jm c a o B H e coaephcht H e x y w n o m o t o h HH^KjpM aiikh, k o t o p a n H B Jin ei- c a o c h o b h o h b r e x c r e h o 6 o 6 u ieh H o n p e a c r a B Jie n a b K a3b 3HHH ( a a r o n o B x e ). X apak reph M M H nph 3H axam H npefih CJiO BH a j b j i h w t c h : a ) TeatfCH ocrb - c a caro e onh can n e r e x nonow eh H H, K O Topbie b aan b H eftm em paaoep T b tb aiorc H b o c h o b h o m r e x c i e ; 6 ) ah H o iau H a - n e p e w c Jie H H e n p o & K M, 3a ip o H y T b tx b o c h o b h o m TCKCTe; b ) n p a rm a n t w io ct b - o n H c a im e u e n e B o fi y c x a u o B K H n poh ib ew eh H b; r ) k o H u e n T y a n b H o c n - H e x o io p w e T e o p e ih n e c x H e, M e ro - a a n o n m e c K H e h a p. n onow eh H H, K o ro p b ie j k t j i h b och O B y n p o H 3B en eh H n ; fl) 3HUHKJIOneflHHHOCTb CBWKHHB 0 6 ab TO pe H K p a ik O e OTlHCaHHe p a S o t B aahhoft o & ia c T H, n p e a m e c T B y n u ih x a a m fo fi p a 6 o r e H t.jj. Bee nepehhcnehhwe nph 3HaKH n e o g a a a ie n b H b i a n a acex bmoob npepucno- BHH H BBeaeHHH. HeKOTOpbte H3 HHX M O ry t HMCTb He npo CneKTHBHyiO, a pet pocnek T H B H yio HanpaBjieHHOcTb. T a K, b le K c r a x H a y m o r o x a p a x i e p a H3CTO MOXCHO BCTpeTHTb npehhcjiobhb, B KOTOpbIX yito M HHaiO TCBnojioxce- h h b, pah ee p aapasorah H b ie ast O pom h jih a p y n im H a B io p a M H, n on oaceh H a, KO Topbie hb jib jo tea cym ectbehhbim H a n a h o b m x c o o 6 u k h h h. B x y a o x c e c T - B e m ib ix n p o H 3B eaeh H «x npenh C JioBH B h BBegeH H B He b b jih k h c b x a p a x T e p - HbiMH nph ahakam H opran H aauh H T ek C ia, 3 t o m o jk h o ogbach H Tb tb m, h to xyn o w ect B eh H o e n p o H 3BeoeHHe o 6 m h h o He H jo K a a e ic a b H a n p a B Ju u o m u x y x a a a m ih X npefihcjiobha h jih b B e fie h h b. B a p n a irro M n p e a H c n o B H a a B Jia e T c a n p o n o r. n p o ii o r - 3t o n pefih cn ob H e x ofih O M y H3 b h a o b x y fio a cect B e H H o ro n p o H a - BefleHHH. n p o n o r H M eer c b o h o co S eh H O cm, O TJiH Hauiifiie e r o o t itpefih cnobh H h b B en e h h b. M acro o h o S n a n a e r pe r p o c n e k t h b h o h h n p o cn e x T H B H o ii u a n p a B - nehhoctbio. B p e ip o c n e ic th b h o m n n ah e B n p o n o r e o n H C b ib a jo rca a s n e H H a, 4>aKTbi, oc ct O B iejib C T B a, n eo 6 x o flh M w e a n a 6 o n e e h o jih o t o p a c K p b m ta c o flep xo H H B n poh 3BefleH H d, B n p o c n e K th b h o m n n a n e n p o n o r f ia e r b o sm o jk - H oenv a B t o p y npejxpacnonoxch T b H H ia ie n a k a a ek B a rh O M y B ocn pn at H K ) H fien n p o H ib efie H H a. I l p o n o r B b ifib H raet HOBbie xph reph H h x a p a x T e p u c ih k h rek C T a. n p e a cn e B c e r o 3i a aactb x e K C ia o p ra H n a e c x H M o acer 6 b m. h He c b b - a a n a c csm h m HOBecTBOBaHHeM. I l p o n o r H H oraa O TfianeH o r o c h o b h o t o r e x c r a x a x bhcbpemehhbim n a p a M e ip o M, x a x h B H e n p o crp a H C T B e h h n m. C a p y r o fi c T o p o H u, n p o n o r M OJKei 6 b m h aefictbh TejibH bim B C T y n n em iem x ocho&homy c o a e p * 3 HHio T e x c r a. B oab M em fin a n ph M epa T y a a c rb n o s e c ih H acep ajib fia fla p p e n a M o h cem b a h R p y iw e 3 B e p n (My F a m i l y a n d O t h e r A n i m a l s ), x o r o p a a H a3btb aet ca C n o n o b CBoe o n p a B a a H H e. H a c x o n b x o MHe n p e a c ia B Jin e T c a, w o B C iy n n e H H e -n p o n o r M o acer c n y a a r tb n ph M epom con erah H a o d b e x ik B H o r o h c y C t e x n ib H o r o. BnHMaHHe H H iat ena H an p ab n e n o H e, Ha cam H c o G h t h h, x o r o p b ie S y n y r o n H cah u b o c h o b h o m T e x c i e, a Ha n p e a n o c b in x H T B o p n e c x o r o a x i a : n a t o, x a x c o a a a a a jio c b jip c w 3B eaeh H e, 59

63 k t o e ro nepcohawh, k t o nom oran abtopy, KO M y nocsam aetch KHHra. Ho 3TOT n p o n o r He JWlireH H npochexthbhnx H3WKOBBIX <t)0pm, K KSKOBbrM MOWHO OTHeCTH yhomhhshhe 06 OTHOUKHHH fjiohob CeMWI BHCaTejlH ( o h h xce nepcohanoi nob ecm ) k 4>axiaM, omccahhwm b re x c re. C t o h t n p H s e e m n p o n o r u e r o i x o M, n r o 6u n o x a a a n,, x a x p a a o e p T M B a e T C H a r a h c t b l e x c r a. w B arofl K H u r e a paccxaaajr o m t h r on * x, n p o w t r r u x ttauieft cextvell n a r p e f e c x o M o c r p o a e K o p $ y. C t a f a n a K m r a G u n a a a a V M i H a n p o c r o x a x n o B e c T b o u c h b o t h o m MKpe ocipova, b x o ro p of l G u n o 6 u H e M H O O K K O r py c ra n o yiuenuffim s u n. O a h i k o a c p a a y c n e n a n cepbeaxyjo o t u H G x y, s n y e r w n a n e p s u e c r p u o i u u c b o h x p o o H u x. O f y T H B u m c B H a G y ware, o h h n p t o u p m c B y x pe tuian, c b o h noahiont h Hanpttrnaiuaju c co6ofl bcjochx s p y a e R b o b c b r a a s u. JIhiul u c h o R H e B e p o a r a u x ycrorar H G o n mi o fl HaiopoTJiHBOCTH m s s youiocb oictohtb xoe- rae n o HecKonaxy crpahhiex, xoropue n m o t u e m i K O M noc- M T m 3 K H B O T H U M. SI c r a p a n c n n a n * aaect T O f H H e n o p T p e r u c b o h x p o m u x, m w H e np n y x p a u i H B a n, H C H H n p O X O S H T D O CTpBHHItaM T O K H M H, X i K H H M X BHffCn. H o JSJIM OGjJICBeHHH C S M O T O c m c u i h o f o n h x n o B e n e m o f n o Jt * en c p a a y cxaaata, too» re BpeMeata, x o r n a mu *mui n a Koptpy, B ee Gujbi eute o h c h b m o j i o a u : JlappK, c a M o e t y c n p u i e M y, Hcnojmnnoci, n n a n u a T B T p H rona, ilecmi - flebh TH a mu T t, M a p r o - B o c e M H u m a n, a mho, c a M O M y M a n e H u c o M y, 6 u n o B c e r o n e c a n. ner. O M a M H H O M Boapacre h h k t o h x s a c n n x o r n a H e H M e n T O H H o r o n p encrabjiehwt n o toft n p o c r o R n p H H Hu e, fro o h s H H K o m a H e B c n o M H H a - n a o m e c a o e r o p o a m a u u. M o r y t o n u c o cxaaatb, w o M O M a G u n a noctaro<dto B 3p o c n o R, v r o G u H M e n f e r u p e x nerelt. D o ee a a cr oabhio n o & b s c a u n o laxace, w o o h» (tuna Bnoaoft, a TO bcre, x a x npowtuarejibho w M e m n a moma, m o m scnxoe Moryr nonymarih n T o O u m c e c o G u n t a, HaftinoneHHa h p a n o c r H aa a m n a n. net x o r a w m o t b h B T H C H y r t c * b D p o H a B e n o t u e, m n p e B U u m o i u e e n o o & B e w y E p n w a c x y i o a m o u r J i o n e n w o. M H e nphuinoct. s ee n e p e x p a n B m, n o n p e a a n, T a x f ro b x o i m e k o h u o e o t h c t h h h o R npoflon- HCHxe n BH O CT H c o G u m t t n o v n c t u m e r o H e ocxanocb. nprniinocb T a x ace o r G p o c t m, m h o - r a e n p o H c u i e c T B H B h m m a, o x o r o p t i x n p a c c xa 3 an G u r y t c G c t n u i m M yaoborn,- C T B H e M. P i3y M e e r c s, x «n r a a n u e M o r n a G m n o f s t m c x Ha cse r Gea n o m e p x c x H h n o M o u m n e x o T O p u x raonefl. C o B o p i o * o G s t o m a n a roro, trrogbi O T B e i c r b e n H o c n * aa w e e p a w m m n a a c e x n o p o B H y. H tb r, a BUpaxcaio GnaronapHocn: J I o x T O p y T e o n o p y Cre$BiiHAecy. C o C B o t t c r B C K H M M e M y BejtHKOnyiiiHCM o h paapeui h q m h c B o c n o n M O B a T b c * M w e p H a n a M H n a c b o c A H e o n y G n H x o B a H H o O p a G o i u 06 o n p o B e K o p 4» y h c m G m n M e n n M H o a t e c T B O M n n o x H X x a n a M G y p o B, H a x o r o p u x a xo e -fro n y c n u i B xon, M o k m ponrtbim. t C a x - H H x a x a r o o h h B ee ace o a i m M H e o c h o b h j t o M a c c y M a r e p u a n a H O f e K B n o M o r m b t o b p c m b,n o x a n n c a n a c b K HH r a, o i f a n m o c n o p n n o n o B o n y xaxcnoro cnysaa, xoropuft a c h h m h ogcynvnn, h napenxa cornauiaaca co m h o R Moefl a c w e - aa t o, f r o m a b o s p e M a f r e n i m p y x ot t HC H n o c r a B n a n a M H e y n o s o n b - c T B H e c b o k m r p o M K H M c M e x O M. K a x o h s n o T O M o G b a c H a n a, ee C M e u i H n a m o b op4x>- rpacfna. Co<t>H, Moeft cexparaptue, x o r o p a a a a a n a c B p a cc TaBHTB a a n a i u e k G e c n o u i a m o h c x o - penana Bee Heaaxomaie cornacobahhx, O c o G y v D p H a n a T e n B H O c n, a x o r e n 6u BtipaaHn, M a M e, xoropofl n itocbaiuaerca 3Ta KHHra. K a x B n o x H O B e H H u t t, h c h c h u H h fyrxhfl H o R, orta H c x y c n o B e n a c b o R x o p a O m, c H e c y p a a t H U M n o T O M c r s o M n o S y p H O M y j x H t e R c x o M y M O p», a c e r n a r o r o s a a x - 6yirry, B c e r n a b o x p y a c e H H H o o b c h u x ( t m t a H c m u x Menefl, B c e r n a (tea y B e p e m o c r H, w o k o m b h - s a o n o G p u T ee y n p a s n e H K e, u o > n o c r o a H H O M c o a H a H K H C B o e # norocofl otberctbenh o c t h aa B c a x y n H e H c n p a B H O c n, H a x o p a G n e. flpocro u e n o c n i >K H MO, x a x O H a B U H O C H n a aro n n a BB H ne, h o m e e r o b u h o c h j b h naxce h c o n e H b r e p a n a n p a a r o M p a c c y n o x. IIo aep- H O M y a a M cn a Hr a o M o e r o G p a n Jlappn, m o j k h o r o p A i m c n T e M M e r o n o M, k s k k m m u ee B o c m i a m ; b c o m h i m o t u a e n a e T aecn>. St n y M a n, m m u c y M e n a n o c r K f t t o r c f a c m u B o R H H p B a H u, rae y * e m h w o H e n o r p a c a e r h H e y m a n a e T., <0

64 C xont nnhhhbih npmmep npejwcnobhji k nobeciu nohano6njich norom y, XTO TOJlbKO B ero HeUOCTHOCTH MOXCHO BblHBHTb OCHOBHbie 4»yHKlI>IH 3TOK xacth o 6m ero nobecibobakhfl, 3flecb moxcho ybhfletb p «a xapakiephbix, imihieckhx le p r BCHKoro npeflhcaobhh, ho n pea omjk hhwx 4epe3 np«3my HHnHBHflyaabHo-TBopijecKOH MaHepbi iincaic/is, B xekcre npencrabjiehbi fleficibyiomhe jihua, CKa3aHO, o wm n o fiaei pe<u> b camofi nobecth, BbiHeceHa GnaronapHOCTb mmam, b toh hjih hhoh Mepe nphmacmbim k coaflahhio nobecth, nahbi npoctpahctbehho-bpemchhbte napam etpbi u MHoroe n p y ro e, <rro o6mmho xapak iepno onjinpejvtcjiobhfi. B 3tom npeahcjiobhh o6painaet Ha ce6» BHHMaNne h to, aro oho opratofjec- KH CBH33H0 C nocjieflytouihm HaJIOHCeHHCM H CO BCefi CTHJieBOH MaHepOH 3BTOpa nobectbobahkh. y * e 3flecb ckbo3ht m htkhh tomop, aoepoflyuihe, BcenornomaiomaH juofxmb k nphpone, nioqobb k o Bcevty JKHBymeMy, 3 to npejutc* jiobhe we TOJibKO npeabocxmmaei onhcbreaembie cosmthh, ho h HacTparaaeT ahrarena Ha onpenenehhoe 3MOUHOKanbHoe h 3ctcthnecKoe BocnpHfliHe. MnpoomyuieHHe micaienji yxce yraflbmaerca: aejiobek HeoroeJiHM o t nphpoflbi, oh - ee xactb h BeHeu, ho Kaxcoaa koaabka, Kaajjaa dykaunca floctohhbj ero BHHMaHua h aaeotbi. 3 to MMpoomymeuHe aajioweho b cawofi «3biKOBOfi tkbsw npeohcnobhh h eciecmehho BimeieHO b aiy ttcanb. B nontbepacoehhe Bbme/no na yroro npejwcno* B»a ahtub orpbibok (C O E ): " O c o 6 y B n p H 3 H a re n u io c T b a x o r e n 6 m B U pash T b M am e, K O ro p o ft H n o c b x i u a e r c s o ra K H ura. K i k BnoxH ouenifbiji, aeik H U tt h xytkhfl H o fl, o h * HCKycHO B e n i cbor K o p ac n b c tie c y p a w u M noiomctbom n o C y p u o M y acirreltck O M y M o p», Bcenia r o r o B i n k GyHTy, BCeraa b ok pyw th H H omchmx $ h h i h c o b U x MeJleA, Bcerfla G ea y B e p e H H o c m, T ro K O M anna o n o 6 p m e e y n p a B J ie m te, ho b nocrojth H O M c c o h s h h h cb oefl n o n H o ft otbct- CTBCHHOCTH 3a BCBKyiO HeHCIIpaBHOCTB Ha K O p a S n t. IIpOCTO HenOCTHBCKMO. KaK OHa BMHOCHJia 3 t o nnab ah H e, h o < h h e r o b h h o c h j h h n a x te He o m a tb r e p a n a nph s to m p a e c y n o K... R a y M» o t n i m i c y w e n a a o c n r a, to R co flcrratb o fl H H p B a n u, r jw y * e h x w o He n o tp a c a e T H He yjw BJU iet,.. MHTaiejit, HaBepHoe, osparhn BHKMainte Ha KOHeu, sio ro npejnicjiobhh. Abtop ytbepxcnaet b nem, <rro Bee HaJioxceHHOe b nobecth rtpabna h tto o<apobah»e onhcbtbaemoro Mecra oipaweho b MOpcKoft Kapie, Ha kotopoii HMeeicfl oco6as epesnatipeflynpeamehhe. 3 to npeflynpeacaehhe MHor03HaiHTe7ibHo: *y sthx SeperoB «a a o 6brrb ocmoipm eji bheii. HeBOJib- HO B03KHKat0T KOHHOT3UHH C ynomhhytoh B TeKCTe p33bephytoh MeT3-4>opoft - acmekckoe Mope k cemefihua Kopa6nb h c ajinioshea - H ofl, njiaaaiotiihfl co csoefl cembefi b KOBxere bo BpeMHno-rcna. TeKCTOBOH xapaktephcthkoh npeahcnobhh, BcrytuieHHfl, npojiorob hb- JiHeTcx hx OTHOcHieJibHasaBTOceMaHTHfl. H x ycnobho MOacHO HaaBarb npeaic kc iim k, H TeM He Mcnee ohh qacra uenoro: orj^ejibho o r camoro npon3bejie hh a npejvtcjtobhfl He cyiuectbyer. n pocnek tubhbia x apak tep npejmcnobhfl, BCiynJieHHH, npojiorob ck33bi- Baetcfl B hx BeKTOpHOfl nanpabjiehhocth. 4h rare Jib BocnpHHHMaei ochobhoh «k c t npohabejjjshhh y»e n o aapahee npejionpenejiehhomy pycny. Takhm o6- paaom, npenrekct b KaKofi-xo crenemt orpahhxhbaer bo3mohchocth hhjih- BHuyajibHO-iBopxecKoro ocmbianehwi cone pxta re jibho-kohuentyanb hoh h h^x> P* MatlHH,

65 B npejwcnobhh k HaywoMy xekciy KpynHoro MacumOa osmmho xpaxxo HanaraeTc* ochobhoc coaepxcahhe otomiutux w cielt, hx nocneao- BaxentHocTb h B3aHMoo6ycnoBneHHocTb. OaHaxo h xakoft npea«kct yxce BacrpaHBaeT MHraiejn* Ha Boaipairaie aajibw ftnero HinoxceHHfl b pamxax, HOCTaBJieHHUX abxopom. nph HeKOflHpOBaHKH MwfrnpMaHHH CXCETOe H3IIOXCehhc coaepxtahhs iiacxeh HeH36excno BJie4ex 3a co5ofi noaknm'khhe cosctbch- Horo xeaaypyca. B pe3yjibrare nonynaexcji w khh joianor Mexcay noaroxobjkhhmm natenem h abropom npoh3beaehhfl. nepeoqemca cooctbeimoro nohhmahha npo&nem, ocbeiuehhbtx jik u a xe3hcoo6pa3ho b npejqicnobhh (npeaiexcrr) ogbwho HacxynaeT tojiuco no npoircmih Boero lexcra. TeM He MeHee Tpyano nepeouehhtb CHny BeKTopHoft HanpaBneHHocxH, ocymecxbjiaemoh npentekctom, ecmi oh, xoth 6 m tojimco hmiumuhtho, packpmbaet xoa Mbicnefi h aprymehtob abropa HayxBoro Tpyna. CKaaaHHoe Tpe6 yei HiuiioCTpauHH. IlpeaHcnoBHe k nepbomy TOMy xonnekthbhoh MOHOrpa<pHH EeccoaHateJibHoe (Bcero nonxopbt crpahhiibi) pac- KpbiBaeT coaepxcamie xpex paanenob aioro TOMa. 3a HeaocxaxKOM Mecxa nepeaaahm 3x0 coaepxcahhe c KyniopaMH. *'B HacxoanrHH tom MOHOrpacpHH BfonoxeHbi xphhawibhwxeeiemaihqeckhx pa3ftena,., B nepbom paaaeae 3101 acnekx (HCXOpHWOCHH. MS.) npepcxabneh onwcahhom aoarax, BecbMa nopoft KanpxxceHHbix cnopob k KOHuentyajibHbix nonxopob, B3aHmobjihhhhb h ahiarohh3m xoxopwx no3- bojihji oxbeprhyxb npeacrabjiehhe o neoco3habaemmx $opmax pasoxbi Moara KaK 0 6 akxhbhocih xojiwco Heitpo-cJanHGnorHHeacoro nopxmca. Bo BxopOM paxnejie ochobhoc BHHMaHHe ynenaexch Heaerxo nojmaiowehck a m jim y KpaflHe cjioxchoh sbojiiokhh nchxoahanhthieckhx npeacrabnehhh, b peaynbxare xotopotf cobpemehhbift nchxoaha;ih3 npttospesi qepxbi, Kaoecr- BeHHo oxnhxaioiuhe ero so mhotom o t opxoaoxcanbhoro $pefiqh3ma x roflob. B cxaxbhx rpexbero paaaeaa coaepxcarcx pa3 Hoo6pa3Hbie MaxepHanu, xapakxepnay joume Bxnaa, BHecemtbifi b pa3bhthe npenctabjienhh o... CnenoBaieJibHo, moxcho, o6o6utax, cxaaatb, n o nepbbdc tom MOHOrpa* cptm - 3TO b uenom pawoctopohhe npocnexcehhax HciopHX nocxenehhoro co3pebahna nnen 6ecco3HaTenbHoro (BeccosHaxenbHoe, 67-68). B 3tom npeahcjiobhh HeTpynHo 3aMerHTh npocnektthto. BexTopHax ieui> pabjiehhoctb npocnekuhh oibexjihbo npoabhhetch b noaxepxhyrbix <ppaaax. 3aecb He Tojtbxo npocnexuhh c tohkh aperoui tj>axxyanbhoh Hi«t>opMamtH, x.e, xa, k o to pan HaBJieKaexca b npottecoe nehna, ho h npeflnocbmkh oopep* xcaxenbho-kohneniyanbhoft HHcpopMamiH, nockonucy b othx <ppa3ax yxce packpbibaexch pemehhe nocxabnehkbix npo6nem. Cnenyex HMen b Buqy, mo Bbi6op nphmepob onpeflenaetca HaM6onee xapakxephwmh, THnonorHneckhmh ocosehhocthmh flahhoro o&bekxa HaSnfOHBHUH. Mae npeactabnaexca, <jto nphbenphhbie RBa npeshcnobhh, ojiho k xynoxcectbehhomy rexcyy, apyroe k HaywoMy, otbenaiot yk33anh0my Tpe6oBaHKK>. ^ to KacaeTCH nocnecnobha (aakjitoiehha, annnora), to ero moxcho onpeaenaxb xax tacxb xexcxa, HMejoiayw npeakuhpyioutyio 4>yHKUHio. CoaepxcaTenbHo-xouaeitTy^abHaa HHcttopMaipix HaxoaHT aaecb cboe axcnjih- UHiHoe Bbipaxceime (stated ideas). flocnecnobhe nphaeauo aaxb aty HH({>op- MaiiHio b cxcaxom BHQe. Oho HMeet dtyhxiono HHrerpattHH Bcero lexcra 62

66 h 6yAym HenocpeAciBeHHO CBfl3aHo co cmmcjiom m z B W u n, HBJisexcH oahoh H3 KOHKpeiHbIX t^ P * * KaTeropHH 33B6pUKHHOCTH, OTKpblBaH TeM He Me Hee nyxb ana HHoro paabepibibahhh o 6 eii hobhhoh naiipab;iehhocxh cio- HCeTHOH JIKHHH, C HHOH COfl p)katejlbho-kohueniyanbhoh HH^kOpMSIpieit, c HHblM HaaBaHHeM. HHiepecHo b 3tom o ik o u ehhh BbjcicaabiBaHHe HJC. Tea o tom, t t o sdktior A h h h KapeHHuofi 3to aabepuiehhe ooxceihoii jih h h h pomaha, ts k Haabi- BaeMoro pomaha KOHua. O a m ic o a c m jio r ^ a K iire e c K H p ack p b o aex CKH p o M a n a.. 5 e a a m u io r a npoflym3hk»h a o M enbqam iuero u n p H x a p o M a n k o h i nh m aetca cb oeii rnab * h o h n a n p a B n e h h o c tm, jik iu aerca a n o x a n b H o ro c B o e ro conep>kahhfl (T ek HiC., 130). f la n e e HiC. r e ft nphboaht BunepxcKH H3 M tttriora: a c e n e p e a e p n y A O C b u TOJibKO yk/iadbiaaercx, K o rn a K p y x o fi n o B o p o t, o cx ab iu H fics n o 3 a t ( r. ), n p o p o w i HOBbiii 6 o A b i m & noeopor, K o x o p w ft 6 y o e i B n e p e j (1905), cxpoh o t x u a ca o e a p e M * h nod/iexur poopyiuehuto. K u k o a 6 y d e r pa3ax3 K a, - rm can T o jic to k n o s x te, - He 3Hato, h o h o n e n o n o o x o sh x k Heft... h n o xak n p o a o n x c a ib c H He M oacet - a y e e p e H. HanpaBJieHHocrb "bobik 33MKHyroro xyaoacectbehhoto npocxpahctba (H.K. reft, 130), ecn> no cyroecxby R M O i m w T H O BHpaaoeHHaa coaepaa- TenbHo-KOKuenTyanbHaa HH^opMaima, K oiopaa HaaneicaeTca h s o 6meft hash pomaha AHHa KapeHHHa. 3 ia HH<)>opManHa nomemeha b airanore. IloaeMy o ra BUHecena 3a cko6kh? IloaeMy He BKmoqera b pombh? Hrm b npeok cnob H e? 3qecb Moxcei 6 bm> HecKonuco pemekhft. Ouho hs hhx, Han6 onee Bepoxx- Hoe, KaK aam npeacrab nxexcx, 3to HMiumuHTHOCTb CKH BKyrpH pomana KaK ochobhoh nph3nak CKH b xynoxcectbehhbix xekciax h 3KcrumuHThoctb CKH b nocaecaobhh (aim nore). HeoOxoflHMO HanoMHHu., m o nocnecnobhe, kbk h npenncnobhe,xsnxexcx <)>akyjibxathbhbimh t o c t a m h TeKCTa. Hx <f>yhkhhh b xypoacectbekkbix npoh3benehhax o 6oco6 jj*» icx o r rex, Koropwe bhihxhm a n a axoro m n a xckctob, a b KaKofi-TO Mepe h npoxhbonocxabnehw k m. Be, b xyaoxcecrbchhbix npoh3benehhxx CKH nonyc- Kaex paahbie ionkobahha, Hepe eo npombopexhbbie: b npejjhcnobhh k b nocnecaobhh.osbiaho qaha BeKiopuaa HanpaBneHHOCTb, aeiepmktwpyioiuaa o io3ha«ioe TOJiKOBame. Bbxcho yk a3an, m o BbicKaaaHHue co 0 6 pa ace hhx KacaioTca HeKOTOpbix, rahgonee XHnononoecieHX te p r jth x xacteft h npe ciabaaiot cooofl csoero pooa HHBapHaHXbi. Mohcho nphbecm TaKKe xekcxbi npeohcnobhft h nocnecnobhii, Koxopbie Oyayx npeacxabjixxb cocofi BaptiaH- TbI HaMe«HHOH KHBapHBHTHOH CXeMbl. H nonbrranca Ha oiaenktnox nproxepax nokmib, KaKaa JiparMaxHxec- Kaa yciahobka nerna b ochoby xoro h i hhoto pa36uehhfl xekcia Ha ritabbi, ntabkh, otohbkk b npoaahteckom h b noaihieckom npohaoeoekhxx npkben o6pa3en npeaxcxobhx. H xak*e Bupa3KH npeononoxce* HHe o tom, nonemy UIe m hmchho xskhm o0p83om pa3finn cbou nosmy "Cj&iaKo Ha cxpo4»bi h m3 kbkhx mcreii cocxohi sth cxpo^u. Kbk bhoho H3y nphbeaehhhx nphmepc h hx xonxobahmx xnehhmoctb xckcxa o6hwo HMnmnpfTHO BbiaBJiaex h ycxahobky aaropa Ha BOcnpHHiae xekcia 'MiaxeneM h oohobpemehho nokaabmaet, kbk cam SBTop b cooxbexcxbhh COCBOHMH 06uieCXBeHH0X10JIHTH<ieCICHMH B3rnxaaMH, MOpajIbHblMH, 3TH<KC- 63

67 khmh h acreimieckmmii nphhutinamh oxrpahh*ntbaex oahh atuooflbi, 4>axx u, cobmxhh h up. ox a p y n ix. T ax aa abyeakhaa cynufocxb aneiiehhh xexrca no-pa3bomy Boiuioutaexca b rekcxax pa3hwx m n o a, peajuraya pa3hoe cooxhomehhe ofibextmbhoro h cyfoekxhbhoro. BocnpHam e xekcra wxaxe- JWM B OCHOBHOM nojwhhjiexeg OBMKTHBHHM 3aKOHOMepHOCTHM, a xapafcxcp abxopckoro oxrpahh'khhh lacxefi xekcxa nojwhhaeica cybbexxhbhoouehomhwm napamcipam. B kohtckctho-baphaxhbkom v k h c h k h TeKcia saaana abxopa CBOQHXCB k nepekjho<«khio ij>opm peaexbopaeckhx s k to b, HanpHMep c onh caw a Ha jwajior, c jutanora Ha abxopckht paccyxajetota h x a. Taxoro poaa nepekjik)4ehha cnocobcrbywx Bonee penbe<t>homy HSoBpaxcewuo o 6cxa- HOBKH, B KOIOpOH IlpOieKaex KOMMyHHKaHMfl, H flattx B03MOWHOCTb BapbHpOBaxi. cpeacxba nepeaa'w HrefcopMaiiHM. HsBectHo, Kaxyw Bonbuiyio p o n t urpaex pexebaa xapaxieph cih xa repoes b osmefi xohuenxyajibhoh HHtfiop- MaipiH npohaaenehha. C npyrofi cxoponu, paccyxcneima abxopa, BpuBantUHeeg b cuemnececne anh aoqu pomana (nceecxh ), ahawxeiibho aonojihatox axy KHiJ>opMauHio. BexTopHaa HanpaBJiemocxb ie k h x paccyxgjeifflft roxoe KMeex n pa rmaxn aecxy 10 ycxahobxy. IlepeKJiioieHHa pa3h ux pe<exbop>eckhx b k to b xapaxrephm ritashum ospaaom a n a xekcrob xyjjoxcecxbehhoh n p o au, Hh b kbkom apyrom 4>yHKUH0HanbHOM cihjie Hex ta x o r o MHoroo6pa3HH cueh $opm nobecxbobbhhx, B xaxoh-xo cxenehh nepexjnoaehhe moxcho HaBmoaan. b no33hh, b xak Ha3bmaeMux nnphieckhx oicryiuiehhhx, a xaxxce b raaexnux cooguie- HHJtX, B K oxopux XCypHBJIHCT fljifl ItpHflaHHH 6ojIbtl*H floctobephocxh BBOhhx nphmyio penh, KoHTCKcxHo-BapHatHBHOe qjiehekhe xekcxa oflho H3 cpeacxb nph- (jjmacehhh ahiate/ifl k coocujaemmm oosuxhhm, oho aejiaex e ro x ax 6 u yuacxiatkom 3 th x qobm thh. 3xo ocobchho OUiyTHMO, Korfta SBXOpCKOe no- BecxBOBaHHe nepekjno<aexca Ha an an o r. BeoenaAByxnepcoKaxceft HesonbHo BXHXHBaex <Dnaxejig b obmch penahxamh, 3acTaBJixex BHyxpemfe cjiuunxb peib nepcohaxceii, aem sh aw xenuio nobbnuaex e ro 3MounoHajibHoe Hanpaxce- HHe. fln ajio r onocpeaobahho obpauieh h k xhiaieaio, B oxjihwe o r MOHOJiora, ra e w x aien b x a x 6 u b cxopone nabjiioiuier 3a xoaom m u cjk h nepcohaxca, artajior BXJiwaaeT ero b aehcxbhe. ita a jio r kbk obmeh buckaabibahhhmh, penjihxamh ahhamhwee M ononora: B ucxpaa CMeHa 4>opMajn>HMX, h h to - HauHOHHbix, cmbicnob bix h MyawKaJitHbix xapakxephcjhx, noflpka3bibaembix rpa4>hieckhmh cpeacxbamh h pemapxamh abropa, KOHiieHxpHp^x BHKMaHHe Dtraxenx Ha xom, x a x cxaaaho h to o cxaaano. B MOHOJtore BHHMaHHe m m t n a cocpeaotoaeho Ha coaepxcahhh, a He Ha <t»opme BucxasuBaHHa. H cxm oaew e cocxab/taex p«xoph4eixch of>pa6orahhuh MOKonor. H eo6xoflhmo nobxopuxb, to o 06a m n a anehehha xexcxa osiem - HO-npannaiHiecKHH h kohtckcxho-b aphaihbhbih b ochobhom 3anporpaM- MHpOBaHU, r.e. obycnobjienu HaMepeHHCM arbopa. 3xo 3H8MHI, too b jiio6om H3 ranob mehehha, H B tocxhocth b nepexjikwehhh onnob 4>op- Mbi HanoxffiHHa Ha npyryw HanpHMep, b nepexoae anan o ra b paccyxcfle- H«a abxopa hjih HaoBopox, - aybcxbyexca cxhjdfcxhxeocaa obpaboxxa Maxepnana. XUiajjor b apame hjih b npoae ne HacxoatmiH a u a n o r, a e ro Bojiee hjih MCHee y aaw o e noaogtte. T o x% moxcho ocaaaxb h o 64

68 MOHojiore. riomimhhoh HBJiHeicji jih ua ab iopck aa pe<tb kak npoxbjrehhe xyflowecrbehhoft neiictbhienbhocnt. B paahoro pona nepekjho*»ehh»x ojjhoh <j>opmbi H3Jiox<eHHJi Ha Apyryio no-pa3homy npohb/ijkich HmJtopMaitH*. flhanor AaeT no Bo/lb ho Mano coflepxcate jibho-k ohuentyanbhoft HHtttopMamm; o h a h mb kocb ch h o m ojkct cnyxaitb eii onopoft, nockojiucy oh 6onbtic CBH3aH c npotckahhcm ab h ctb h h, T.e, c conepxcaienbho-^aktyanbhoii HH^opMameii. OflHaxo Macro b AHanore npocsenhbae; C K H h He T o n u co MccnmnpfTHo BbipaaceHHax. XapaxrepHbi b stom othoukhhh AHanora b paccxa3ax 3. XeMHHrysH. Tax, b paccxaae B e n u e cjiohw flhanor Mewny MonoAbiM nenoeekom h flebyiincoft pacxpbibaer noniexct, a HueHHO HexcenaHHe mojio- Aoro senobexa cbfl3aib cboio cyabfiy c cyatoofl jebyuikh, oskhaawtueh ot Hero pe6em ca. 3 r o ta COM, koto pa* Hauenem Ha C K H, PaccysKAeHH*. H4o6opoi, name Boero Hacuiueuu copepxcaienbho-k ohuenryanbhoii HncJ)op- Maunefl, A b to p b hhx npunepxfhbaetc* ro ii BexropHOH HanpaBJieHHOcra, KOTOpaa BUTeKaeT H3 e ro och o b h o to aam ucna. ConoctBBnHH n n a r a n a w eh eto m, nph xojoiuib k 3aKmo<ieHHK>, <no ohh npecnenyiot o jm y h r y * e uenb, no p a w u N u cpeactbamh. B hx ochobc nexcht anehehhe o6i>ekthbhoft AeficTBHTenbHOcru Ha bociiphhhmaembie H auum coshahhem, ynophaoaeiihbie, xax-to o pratutaobahh bie oipeak H. H enpepbib - HbCH KOHTHHyyM He Aaex BO3M0XCHOCTH OCTBHOBH TbCfl H3 OTflCJTbHOM, HaCThom h npenntctbyex aaexbathomy ocmbicnemto npohcxoaxmero. Heo6- xoahm o nyx nepebecih. Tpynso ce6e npeacrabhn Sanbiuoft ib k c t, b KoropoM te 6uno 6u pa3fineirnh Ha rnabu, aacih H b KOTopoM He 6uno 6bi nepexmoaehh* t opm HanoxceHna. ilaxce mhororomhbw rpyn HctopH* Bennie oii OieaeciBeHHoji bohhm coaepxcht 06a bhab awhehh*. B 3tom Tpyoe HMetOTCfl, KpOMe TOMOB, mab, HCTeH, TaKJKB HpeflHCnOBHH, OtlHCaHHH, paccyxc- AeKHX, AnanoTH, np«ka3u, coosutehh*, b m b o au h np. Bcnxoe pene- TBopaecKoe npoh3bepenwe, Aaxce AHiueHHoe actethko-nosnabaienbhoft 4>yHk u h h, HacroHxenbHO TpeSyeT pa3hoo6pa3hh b oprakh3aiuih CBoero Marepnana. He cociabnmoi HacmoieHHH BoeHHbie k npyrwe ycrabbi, c b o a u aaxohob, AenoBue qokymemu h np, Be3p e, KpoMe o6be MHO-nparMam aeck o to tnenehh*, moxcho naitm raxwe n k o h t6k c th o BapHaiHBHoe HneHeHHe, npabaa, HecKOJibKO orpahhaehhoe, K3k*to: npenncnobhe, UHTaixmo, anmo- 3HHf 3aKnfooeHHe h AP- OcoGeHHO pa3hoo6pa3ho npencrabneho k o h ic k c th o -b apharhbhoe tnene- HHe b pombhax h 6onbiUHx nobect*x. H3bOc pomana, romret M. EaxtHK, - 3io CHcieMa AHnora'iecKH b3anmoocbeiualomnxc* *3bn<oB, E ro nenban onhcan. h npoananhshpobaib x a x o ah h h eahhbiii *3u k [M. BaxHtH, 414}. P&3BHBa* Mbicnb EaxTHHa, moxcho cx asaib, i t o 3th BaaHMOOCseuiaioiAHecH H3UKK h ecrb cfloeospaahoe nneiiehhe TCKcra, coapaiomee HnntoaHio MHororonocHoro 3ByoHHH npokibeaehhh, b KOTOpOM ro n o c abtopa to Bbi- AejuteTCH H3 xopa nepcohaxcefl, to cnitbaetch c hhm ; oh to robopht cam c co6oft, to c ihxaienem, to ymonxaet, to BJiaciHO BpbiBaoTC* b M HororonocHe. HyxcHO ocosehho noanepkhyib 3&bhdiMOcrb unehehha ot A p y n ix rpam - MaTHHecxHX K aieroph ii tckctb. CaMO HneHeHHe HenocpencTBeHHO CBaaaHO 65

69 c xaierophhmh HH$opMatiKH, HHTerpamtH, KorewH h HexoropbiMH apyrhmh. B paahbix m nax icxcra BbiaejuuorCH re hjih hkmc otpeaxh b cbh3h C TOH 3H MHMOCTbK>, KOTOpAH HpHflaeTCH fiahhomy OTpeSKy. KaacablH THH UKHeHHJt MOJKHO paccmatphbaib B 33BHCHM0CTH OT TO TO, xaxoe 3Ha4eHBC HpHnaCT abtop TOMy HJDt HHOMy BHtty KOHTeXCTHO-BapHatHBHOT0 uie- HCHHX. O b b h o h o, necjiywhho b Hexoropbix pomahax ya^nne-rcn mhoto Mecra ananory. B pomahe O. Xapa Ha Teppaoe, HanpHMep, H3 nepbbix 200 CTpak h u 112 (56%) OTBeaeHo aaajiory h 8 8 (44%) nobectbobahhto. flhanor b cjuiy CBoero cymhocthoro xapaxiepa ecrectbehho npeaponaraet hejih- <me abyx coseceahhxob, n o npeaociab naei BoaMoxoiocTb abiopy otohih b TeHb, T.e. ne HenocpeactBCHHO yactboban. b camom ax ie xommynhxa- Uhh. nohbjiherch xax 6 bt cxpwtafl (abtopcxaa) xommyhhkaima Han o tk pbitofl xommyhhxauiieti (ybcthhkob flhanora), B tephobom npeahcjiobhh k Bonne h MHpy, - jihluet H.K, reft, - T ojidoft npocht ne HaabiBarb ero npousbeachhe pomshom, c npohhuatejtb- HocTbio yjiabjihban bo mhotom HeacHyio eiue an a Hero cbnab Mexcay wahpoboft nphponoii npohsbeaehhji h tbkhmh eroxomnohchtamh, xax Haqano, xoheu, npoiexafote aehcibhji [H.K. Peii, 126). 3aecb MbiyweHMeeMflejio c paccyxcaehhem o bhqc xynoxcecibehhoro npohsbeaemtji. )KaHp npon3beaehhh b H3BecraoH creikhh npefionpeaeiutet HanpaBJieHuocTb xohnenryajlbhoft HHthopMaUHH. HwJjopMaiffiH, aaxjuonehhah bo BBeaeHBH x HayxHoii pagore, o6m4ho ochobana na $ a x ia x ( xoiopbie, xax n pearl ojiaraeich, HasecTHbi w rarejho. Uejib BBewHHH k HaynHOH pa6oie - noxa 3aTb, hto HccneaoBaHHe HBJIHeTCH pasbhthem, npohohxcchhem hjih onpobepxcehuem panee nph3hah- Hbix nonojkemiji, nonemkkofi c apymmh HanpaBnehhhmh hjih oiaejibhbimh ytehumh h np. Ho 3TOMy n o so ay ymecmo nphbec cjieaywutee Bbicxaabt- BaHHe H. BHHepa: BcHoe nohhmahite «a H HH^opMauun b ee npumenehhh x HayMHoft pa Sore noxaambaei, n o npocroe cocyme ctb os a Hue flbyx paimm- HblX. HHtJtOpMBUHH ItpeaCTABHHe T Co6 oii OTHOCHTeJIbHO HefjOJIbUjyK) aehhoctb, ecjih TOJlbKO 3Ta HWjjOpMauHH He MOXteT SblTb 34x))eKTOBHO O&befiHHeHa b jihik Kaxoro-HHOo ynehoro hjih KayHHoii jiasopaiophh, chocoohux ocoraihtb oahy Hn4>opMaiiHK> apyroft [H. BuHep, 132). H epeaxo bo BBeaeHHH aaetcfl (JjaxryajibHaH HH<[iopMaiiHH: yxajbibaeica, xaxhe Jnma yaactbosajui 8 HCcjjeaoBamm, mccto, BpeMHH xapaxrep npo- BeoeHHbix npeabaphteji lhmx nagopaiophux, axcnep«me manbhmx h apyrax pa6or, osecnenhbaxiiuhx aocrobephoctb h HaaexaiocTb bmbobob. TaxHM ofipaaom, BBeaeHHe o& iaaaer Hexoropoii cxenehbio abtocemahthh, oano- BpeMeHHO BblHOJlHHH pojib npohoshiihh. 3TOT TepMHH HO npaby MODXeT OblTb n ph Me He h k BBeaetwio, nocxonucy, xax mi tie t H JL ApyrioHOBa, nponoshuhh.. nepeaahraetch b nanpabjkhhh o r ytbepsxaehha o co6 brrhh hjih nonohcehhh aea, x o6o 3HanenHio Hexoropoft chtyauhh, to to, hto hmcct Mecro B MHpe [H JI. ApynoHosa, 1976(a), 47 J. C KaipienbCOH cmjaet, no npono3huhh b RpeanoxceHHH,.. mojkot S bin b caoem othoukhkh x aehctbhicj1 bhocth BepHOft, HetOIHOH HJIH BOBCe JIOXCHOH. BcflKBH npofl03hkhh HMeer noatom y, xax BbipaxcaioTCH norwxh, (JjyHKUHH) hcthhhocth (CJ1. KamiejibcoH, 142]. ilobqhbho cjiojkho onpeaejmtb raxoft pacnjibibia- 64

70 TbIH TepMHH, KaK np0n03hujlx, HMeKUUHH B JIHHrBHCTHXeCKOH /u trepat y p e MHOWeCTBO pa3hoo6pa3hb!x TOUKOBSKHfl. B 3 to h pagcrre x nohkmaumo n o n nponcom im eft nam oie, KOTOpbie Bhipaxcenbi Bep6 ajibho b BHne npennow etuth, coxetahhft npeflnoxcehhft, 163 a - ueb, b BHne n e n o ro o ip esk a reiccta h n p e n B a p x n r o c h o b h o c c o o 6 uiehhe. FIpono3HiijtH b TflKOfi HHTepirpeTBUHH BW crynaet b KaxecTBe ycnobhx m ix Gonee anekbathoro nohhmahtu conepxcahhh coog w etrax. E crnt nonbixaib cn akctpanojihpobarb Ha tc k c t H ek o ro p tie cobpemehhbie KOHUenUHH CMbKJIOBOH CTOpOHbl npefljioweiofx, TO MOJKHO C HeKOTopbIM nphsnhbcehhem o n p e a e m m BBeneHHe KaK <tacn re K cra, HMeramyto HHTpo* nykuhohhyio 4>yHKnHio. M Horna BBeneHHe xak oro p o j» He O T n enxeica o t ochobhoto TCKCTa, a KaK 6 bi oihbaetcx c hhm. Oho c n y x o tr hjih xapak - rephcihkh nefictbyioinhx jihu, n flx ospacobkh Me era h BpeMeHH n p o n c x o n x - in e ro. Tanax HHtponyKUHOttHax $ o p M a, <J>aKTHxecKH xb/jxho. BBeneHHem, T epxer anamhrenbhyio n o n w CBoeft abtocemxhihh, IIpHM epom MoxceT crrykhtb BcecropOHHee otm caraie x ap ak repa, bhcihhocth h nocryiiko B rn a sh o ro nepcohaxca P ow n ectb ehckoh nechh 4. HHKKeHca - C K pynw a. Emy nocbxtuehbi nepbbie n e cx rb a63aueb nobecth. OflnaKo BBeneHHe H eorp aw eatb aet cx a ro fl 4>ynKUHea. n p o n o r b xynoxcecr- BeHHOM noohsbeaehhh xactb re K c ra, o h H acrpaxb aer qhtaxenx Ha o n p e n e- aehhbis n a p, HaBxabiaaeT emy co3byxhoe c abtopom nohhmahhe t o t o, n o G yqer orotcaho b TeK cre, h ijohhmainte cam ofi KOHuenryanbHOH h h- 4>OpMaiJKH. T an a x BeicropHax HanpaBneHHocTb n p o n o ra HHOrna n p e n o n p e n e n x e r acterh- 'teckoe BocnpHXTHe B cero npouaseneuh X h HepenKO nohhxeaet cnocoghoctb TH iaiejix no-cboemy, tbopxeckh ocm bicjm rb conepxcatenbho-^aktyajibhyw H w popm auwo (cm., Han ph Me p, n p o n o r k PycnaH y h JIionM Hne, n p o n o r k BoHtte h MHpy, n p o n o r k " A hhc KapeHHHofi h n p.) Bo BBenSHHH MOXCHO BCTpeTHTb pxh 3MOUHOHaj1 bho-o K pa Uie HHUX CpenCTB, ogecnewbaiouthx cootbeictbyioinyio npamathneckyio HanpaBjtetnfocTb Bcero TeKcia (c p., HanpHMep, npeamgyny k Y ciab y O O H ). O t Gonee K p y m w ro m ieheim x tc k c th, o t rnab, rnabok, o tg h b o k, mm nojdkhbi n e p eflm k o c h o b h o h, Mejibxaftiueft enhhrnie re K cra, KpTOpax BMCTynaei b K axecroe e r o K O H cm iyaina. npennoxceh H e, KaK a ro yxce ynomh- H M o ct, He xbjixetcx enuhhueh TCKCia. EnHHHiieii re K c ra xb nxetcx Gonee K pynnoe c u h h c tb o, ogrenhhxiom ee p * n npennoxcehhft arc* caepxtppaaob oe eiihhctbo (Cd>E), repmhh, KOTopbift yxce He p a 3 ynomhhancx Ha n p e n b in y - utkx ctpshhiiax, ho eiu e He nojiyxhji B oecropoh H ero onhcahhx. 3 t o t repmhh HMeer p a n cm hohhm ob, K ak -to: cnoxchoe CHHiaKCHxecKoe n enoe, k o m - noh eh T rek cra", n u ck y p c ( d is c o u r s e ), n p ean oxceroaih b p ag o rax npaxcc k h x jihhrbhcrob, p e n ic rp ( r e g i s t e r ), H cnonbayem boi b pag orax tb k HaabiBaeMbix Heo^HpcoBCKoii uik onbi h anjihgyprckoh u u cojiw, B bick a3u- B3HHe ( u tte r a n c e ) npo3ah xeck ax ctpo<j)a, cnhrakcn<«ckhh k o m tu k k c, MOHOJiorHxecjcoe BbJCKaabiBaHHe, kommyhhkathbhbiii G jiok h t j i. 3 TCpMHHbl x acro nphmehxiotcx fljjh OnpenOXeHHA pb3hopohhblx XBJieHHH, ho Bee o h h HMeioT OUHO Ha3Ha>teHHe onpenenh Tb Gonee K p y n n y n, mbm npen* iioxoetoie, ejbjhhny, b K o ro p o ii camo npeftnoxeehhe BbtCTynaei b KaxecrBe KOHCTHTyaHia, H a a ro ro c n e n y e t, b to npennoxcehhe, xbjixxcb c o c tx b h o h >oc- 67

71 TbK> Sonee KpynHoro orpeaka BbiacaauBainix, He mohwt oghobpemenho 6un> H COCT3BHOH UBCTblO IiejlOrO, osbeghhjiiolke ro lakke OTpejKH. 3to h tohkh 3pe* hhh np«fflsp*hbaetch pan HccneHOBaTenefi. IlpHBeneM BucKaausaHHH HeKOiopux H3 hhx. Tan, EoryMHJi TTaneK nniikt: IIpejKae Bcero Heo6xoflHMO omabatb cebe o t k t b tom, mto c nomomtto nocheaabatcjithoro ynopanowhhfl oigenbho b surtax npegnoxcehhh moxchq c n a a n He cbjuhbiii k k c i, a jihu» nocneflobatejibhoctb oxmejibhbix ripe nnoxce hhh, h jiiosbh kohqsiiuhh rpammantkh, npeienayiomafl Ha MaKCH- MajibHyw axtekbathoctb ohhcahhh, nonxcha yw iw Baib 3 to i 4>aKT. flpynt- MH CJIOB3MH, flhh TOTO JTOSbl BKJDOWXb B pamkh WKOTOpOrO rpammaihneckoro oohcahhh rhnepchhiakofhectaie XBJieHHH, HanptiMep Kpocc-pe<j>epeHUHJO, rpammanfwcicax kohhphiihh atuutcha paccmaxphban> npennoxe* HHH KBK enhhhixbl He TOJlbKO H 3CJ1H pobahhbk, HO H 0Spa3yi0[KKe HyiBM BaaHMHoro k o h ib k ib c cocegnhmh anemehiamh enuhhuy 6onee BbicoKoro ypobhh ~ b flahhom cnynae npomabegehhh p ew (discourse). 3xo yrbepxcgehhe OHeawmHo Ha nepbbift Bsr/iaa, ho BbixeKatouiHM H3 Hero oksctbhbm go chx nop He ygenxnocb jdcojdkhofo BHHMaHHx [SoryMKn IlaneK, 255]. IIo- Ka3aiejibHo xak*e ukthpobbhhoe Mbkcom n$k m te BbicKasbraaHHe 3 irepea: "CxeMa npejmobcehhh KaK cuhiakchxeckoe HBnewe buxojewt 3a pamkh orgenbhoro npegnoxcehhx k cjijokht ana coagahhh ynopflnoneimbix eghhcra named p ew, othochiuhxch k Sonee b bicokomy ypobhio, b m camo n o npewioxcehne [Mane n< > rente, ], lietp Crann twiner: "Mowho, Konewo, onpegenhi* HOByre egnkhity KaK nocnenobarenbhoctb npejuioatehhh, yaobjie tb opflwmyw TpeSoBatwHM cemahikheckon cbhshocth, ho on* HcvefHibiBafoiuero onpegenehhh tom HejtociaTowo npocroro nepehoca nph- BblWblX OOHHTHH H3 jihhtbhcthkh HpCflJIOJKCHHh B HOByiO O&iaCTb [fleip Crajm, 85],,. go chx nop TMHrBHciHKa Haywo ewe He npogbhhynacb flatibiiie cnoxaioro npegnoxem ifi, - miinex M. fiaxihh, T0 camoe wuthhoe jihhrbhcthteckh Haywo o6cjiegobahhoe xbnemie sawka: nonyaetch BnetaTJieHHe, to w o jihhrbhcnmeckhtt anantia moxcho npononxcatb h gajtbiiie, KaK sto hh TpygHo h ksk hh cosnaaretienbhq BHecm 3gees iy)tceponh«e Ana jnmrshcnikh to<och 3peHtw [M. Ebxthh, 45), Moxcho c ybepehhoctbio yibepjkflarb, n o na oahhom aiane paabhihh TeopHH rekcra notumie cbepx<ppa30boro euhhctba (C4>E) (TepMHH, Koxoptift Mbi npegnowtaem g pym m) yxce He xbnxercj* nyxceponhbim hhh jihhtbhcthkh. Ecjih a5crparhpobatbch ot KOHKpeTHbix penebbtx BonjtomeHHH.roB oipea- Kax Sojimiihx, uem npennoxcehhe, oghapyxchbaiotcx cboh THnanormecKtie aakohomephocni, B03B0nflttpie hx b pahr eghhhu HSbiica. Konewo, sth 38ko- HOMepHocTH He ctonb phrophcthwli b C<PE, KaK b npejpioxcehhh. 3 t0 CKa- 3biBaetCH h b Sonee He3aBHCHMOM nonoxcehhh otnenbhbix HacTefl no othoiimhhio gpyr k npyry h k nenomy, h b Sonee cbosoohom b sbh MoitonoxceHHH 3th x nacxeit h b HeKOTOpbix npyrnx tpopmax cnegobahux npegnoacehmfi. OnHaKo cbepxtppaaoboe eamtctbo nee ace ckob3ho KaKHMH-TO orpahhwhhbmh, HanoxceHHbiMH camofi chcxemoh HJbiKa. 3aMe<iaHHe H JI. ApynoHOBOft o tom, vro MirrponyKTHBHwe npegnoxehiw HacroHienbHO xpesywt npogonxcehhfl (H JI, ApynoHOBa, 1 976(6), 223], moxcho othccth He tobbko k HHTpojtyKTHBHMM npeflno)kemmm, h o i k mosomy (naxce K CeHTCHUHH), ecjffl oho bshto He uaonupobahho, a b cocrabe C4>E. 66

72 ycrahasn»bafl b Kavecrae k oh cth tj^ k tob rekcia cbepx0pa3obue cahhcrba (C<I>E), hhm aeo6xozwmo 6onee aoapo6ho otmcatb cyuihocnoiie xapak- ICpHCTHKH 3TUX COCT3BJUWHAHX, CBOeo6pa3He HX CTpyKTyp, OCOSeHHOCTM HX ^yhklqtohhpobthhil, THAW HBKCHKO-rpaMMSIHBeCKHX CpeflCTB CBH3H BHyTpH 3THX euhhctb H M&KAy HKMH. CBepx4>pa30Boe cahhctbo He Mexxkh4CCKax cymma npeflnoxceioih, a Ka- ' ectbchho HOBoe crpyktypho-cmbicnoboe o6pa30bahhe, napamerpbi Koroporo cymectbetoto otahw iotca o t napameipob opeanoxcekhx. flo c h x n o p jihhtbhcm eine He nphuwh k cornach io OTHOCKtejuHO c r a iy c a C O E. y c o b c tc k h x a h k tb h c to b c y u te c ib y e r uejiwh p u t repmhhob a h a otioahaxekhh cnoxch ux CHHTaKcinecKHx e jo n o m, HBnxiotuHxcft k o m k o - HeHiaMH rek cra. CpeAH h h x csepxtp p aso B o e c a h h c tb o (O-C. A x m s h o b s ), cnoxchoe CHHtaKcn*tecicoe u enoe (A.M. IleiiiKOBCKiiH), KOMnoHem TeK cra ( H A. OHrypOBCKHH), n p o M H w a ca x CTpo^>a (T.JI. C o Jira m u c ), c h h ts k c h - qeckhft KOMtuieKC (AH. OBCjnuniKOBa), MOHonorHiecKoe BbiCKasbiBaHHe, KOMMyHHKaTHBHblfi GriOK H T,fl. H t8 K, H OCTaHOBHACK H8 TepMHHe C O E. Moxcho BbiaenHTb o a h h o & a k h npkhiwn k o a x o a b k o to h eshhhue: C O E no- HHMaerCK, c QonbuieR Him ushbiueii c n n e m to nen co cih KaK CAO*Hoe crp y x - Typnoe c a h h c tb o, coctoflmee S onee «m HS o a h o to camoctohtenbhoro npeanoxcem x, o 6 naoaiom ee CMwcnoBofi q enocrh O cruo b K otrrek cie cbhbhoa p e w h BUCTynatootee KaK qacn> aab epuiew ioft KOMMywncaiiHH. TeM tie MeHee HCKoropwe jihhtbhcti.1 MexatnraecKH nepehocirr npm iotnhi oprahh3aahh cuhhhu npewioxcehha Ha oprahhaaioiio bahhhii TCKCTa. Ectb HCcneAOBaTemi (E. BeHAena, M. R ack w, A. MapranHT), KOTopue OHiaioT, w o BOo6me n ei HeoSxoflHMocTO co3flabatb rpammathxy TtKCia, w o rpam- Manuca npeanostcehhh Moxcer o6ihchht* asneh iu Ha Bcex ypobhxx, b tom enure k Ha cbmom BbiciueM Ha ypobhe TeKcra. JlpyrHe ahhtbhctn, xoth h nphshator Hannwe b tckctc oco6bix ewhhit SoJiee BwcoKoro ypobhx, rem He MeHee npn warmae sthx eahhhu hcxoaht ho npeflno*chm«. CocpCAorowB BHHMaHHe na cbh3*x mexmy KOMnoHwraMH COE (npennoxcehh hmh), ohh He npunaiot aojukhoto 3Ha*teHHn BwHBneHHW npwpoflm, aaxokob noctpoewtx h OyHKAHOHHpoBaHH* cahhctb (A. Eexep, T. KpHcreHcen). C Apyrofl cropohw, HeKoiopwe HcoieAOBaTemi dojihoctho oibepraiot aaanorhio c npeonoxceimem h hoaxoakt k ewthctbam KaK Qu c npom sonojioxchoa cropohw: c Town apehiw VoHTHHyyMa pew *, TCKcra b ikbom (II. PoAxcepc). 3 thx ahhtbhciob mbiio wnepecyiot othoidwhh BHyrpn fambctb, BCe BHHMaHHe OHH KOHWHTpMpyjOT Ha BHCUIHHX OTHOUICHHHX, TC. OTHOUieKHHX MCJKAy eahhctbamh. CofiepmeHHo cxkbhaho, w o noao6 Hj>ie o o q x o a n crpaoaiot cmhocropohhoctm o, w o caw He b co cto h h h h BMHBHTb Bee napametpbi CO E, nokaaaib, KIKHM O0pa3OM OHO 4>yHKI(HOHHpyeT H KEKHM o6p«30m AOCTMTaeTCH KOM- MyHHKSTHBKBH 3H3IWMOCTB COE. n o o c o n u c y caepxo paaosoe cahhctbo npcactaaaaet 0060ft cnoxchyw CTpyKTypHO-CeMaHTH<KCKy» eflhhhay, KOMMyHHKtlHBHKI 3HBWMOC» KOTOpoft He abaaerca pesynbtarom npoctoro cn o x eh m cmmcaob coctibabiouihx ee camoctoweabhbix npennoxehhh, paccm arpw aib ee neo 6 xonhmo Ha Hepapxhwckh 6cuiee bwcokom ypobhe, h m npennoxceiihe. nph stom ajw abko- 49

73 nhpobahh* HH$OpMaUHH, 3ajK>»WKHOft B TCKCT*, BMKHQ BblSBHTb BHyTpeHHKHO crpyxrypy cfljihciba, onpeflejiim ero nm u a ycrahobhtb, kskobu hx othomehmb npyr k apyry B icaeecibe enhhhr, KOHCiHTyH pyrouihx tckct. B H acrom nee BpcMB uayqemie COE itpob O flncx b n eru p ex nnaiiax: 1) b nnahe ccm bhthkh; 2) B nnahe nparmsthkh; 3 ) b nnahe c h h tik im k h ; 4 ) B IDlfme 4>yHKtpOHHpOB8HHH. B nnane cemahimcn KaHGonuuee BHHMBHHe yaenxerca ananehhio npca- JIOXCCHHfi, COCraBHHlOlUHX eflhhctbo*, HcxOJW H3 npabknbhoh HRtH norhko-ccmbhffl'kckon) ogmflhhchhtl C8* mocto atejibhwx npeanoawhhft b COE, aek O iopue y x eau e HenpaBOMepHo nphpabhhbaiot cbfl3hocn> TeKCTa k e ro nonneck ofi CBJOHocnt. TaK, b pagore T 3. flopo^teesa h W.C. MapreMbHHOBi2 paccm atpusaerca nonneck H fi i m CSH3H0CTH TeKCTa, a BCXKM flpytm BHyTpHTCKCTOBU CBTOHOCtt CBOflHTCfl k OTOMy norm ecko M y n m y, T uchm o6pa3om, oh B u cry n aei cqhhctbchhum nokaaaxenem cbhshoctm TeKCTa. O flh ak o, k b k H 3B ect H o, n o n r te c K a x c u n u o c n t c k c t * w to jk h c c tb c h h * CBH3HOCTH TeKCTB B O O & fle, DOCKOIIMCy TCKCT MOXcer flo n y C K at k npothbo- p ex H fl, H ecoorb et C T B H *, p a a p u s u n r tp., b io w i n n o rm e c K H X c a h h c tb n e n p a - BOMCpHO. HaHMeticc HayxeHHHM XBJixercx BTopoA imah - nnah nparmtnikh. Hayxe- HHe COE b 3tom nnahe npeflcrabjiaetcx BaxotuM notomy,trro hmchho b nnahe npftrmaihkh bo3mo)kho onpeflenekhe nocnenobarenraocni lacie S tckct*, tc. C03fl*KHe MeX*HH3M* ItOpOXCACHH* T6KCTOB. Han6onec paapasorah iui*h CHHTaKTHKH, r e. npo&km* coothoukhhx nacre A eokhctb*. Haim'we cbhth Me way camoctomenuibimh npennoxcehhitmk b TeKcre otmewuiocb JTHHTBHcraMH yaw cpabhmenmo hbbho, aanonro no noct*hobkh npo&nemm COE. Qohuco b cbjtm c BbineneHHew cbepx^paso- Boro e«hhctba jto t soupoc nonyxnn Gonee nonhoe h rnysokoe Hayneme. B HCCJtefloBaHHH COE b imahe chht*kthkh BwaeJunoTCfl bbb ochobhwx HanpaBneuHH: a) BUVKneHHC h HccnenoBaHHe cokhhu Gonee Kpymoix, <km npennoxwkhc, nyrem Hayxeioui oiocogob ogmahhchhji camoctoxtejiuuax npeanoxcehhh b am cnoxoiue enunhnu; 6) HenocpeacraeHHoe Hsynemie hsukobmx cpeflctb, c homoihuo KoTopwx ocyuiecrbnxeicx cuconchhe npenno* xwhha b cbxohom Texcre. npo6n*m> COE nph 3tom 3*TparHBaerc«Tonwco nonyrho. riphmepom H3yncHHH cnoco6ob ofaenhhekiu! ctmocro (rrenbhbix npeanoacehhfl b Gonee K pynnue enhhhnu moxcho h u b s t* p * 6 o n i TJ1. Conranm ca. A sro p n a e r K nacch ^m catm n COE u a npoaam<»eckhx cipo<t>**, k *k oh hx na- KuGpux A. 06 HcpapxmecKo* crpyktypc cmmon cb«3noro mccia; Yies. *ut. TaptyCKoro yh^ra, Bun Tipry, 1969; Jleotm tta HJt. O cowanoi mhpopmi- THBHoro aauk* h* Qaae nanhoto ecm*rnneckoro wunraa m ccia. Hh-t pyccxoro aauica. IlpoCneMsa* rpyrnu oo 3Kcnep«Me«rr*ii**oa x npaxjunxo* nxmhcmce, B u n. II. M 1970; Vucnxoe PJJ, 06 okbom Merofle enpenanex** rnyoxxw qobxm*- hh* lexcn. - B kx.: Boecemxutt cxmnonrym no nposneme Mimwwnte x ogtnmxe". _ Ajjm»-At», Jtopo0eee r.b.. MaprtMMnoa K.C. Jlonmeciatx buboa m buxbx»xc CB*sdt Mtwny npennoxeiliixmh b tckctc. - B kh.5 : MiiiBiHHbO aepeson k apo6itemu ahxtbxctbkx, Bun M

74 3mb4ct, c noshkhh cnoco6ob coenhheuh* npeano*«oui. robopa o CTpyKiyp- HOH COOTHeCeHHOCTH K8K OCHOBHOM CnOCo6e CBH3H M«rny CaMOCTOaTejIb- KbiMH npe«no*ehhhmh, r.fl. CatnraHHK Bhmejiaer qbs o c h o b h n x crpykiyp* h m x rana COE: a) npoaah*ieckhe CTpoObi c uennoft c b j u w o Me*ny 3aKomenh m m h npeanoxcehhhmh, Korna npeflnoacehha cuennaiotca nocnenosarejuho o h h o c flpyihm h 6 ) npoaafneckhc crpo< >bi c napannenhhott c sa a io Me*ay npejytoxcehhhmh, Korna npejyiowehha conoctabnnotch M ew y C060S, nph 3 i o m Oiaroflapa napannejnsmy KOHCTpyKimft b 33b h c h m o c i h o i neka«iec- Koro HanojiHeHHa, b o 3m o x c h o conociaanenae h j ih npothbonoctbbjiehhe [ConraHHK T.K., 1321 B ctpoehhh cem hx npoaahwckhx ctpoij) npcnnaractc* T ixace paanmarb ABa nnaaa. a ) co6ctbehho-chhtakcmeckhh, ochapyxc hbaiouoifl BHyTpeHHUio CTpyKTypHyw oprahhsaimw crpcxpbi h CBHsaHHuil c CHHraKcinec k h m h cpcacibamh coejihhehha npewioxehhft, 6 ) KOMno3HUHOHHO-TeMaiH<iecKiiH, onpenejiflmfflhh BHeiUHHH phcyhok, KOHTyp CTpo4>bl, XapajCTCp paabhthh MMCIIH) TeMbi. Ha ypobhc npennoxehhh 3 th m ab jjm nnatnm crp o $ u coonercibyior ABa THna a n e H e io ra : rp am M aim eoco e h aktyanutoe. H HaxoaeA, HayaeHHe COE nposoahtca b imahe 4>yHKimoHHpoBaHHa. HccnefloBajoie efthhctb b 3t o m luiane npcflctabjiaet Co jib iu o h HHiepec, d o c - icojibky o c h o b h o c BHHMaHue ynejiaetca KOMMyHHKaiHBHoft amavmocni COE [H.H. CepKOBa]. K cotajiemno, H3yaeHi»e (JiyHKimoHHpOBaHiui COE b o c h o b h o m BeaeTca TOJikKO b osnacth CTHna aabixa xynoacectbehhoii nhteparypbi, ga h agecb cgenaho o w h b Mano. K b k 6uno yica3aho Buiue, COE, h b - jmhcb nonycamociohtejibhoft emnraneft m m ch m m m, He ognagaer sakohaehhocrao, xapakiephofl Ana Ten era. Ogwieo, 4>yHKHHOHHpya b oocrabe genoro, osa b sashchmocih or xapakiepa raccra m ox cct npuocperatb KOMMy- HHKarHBHyjo 3Ha<niMocn> nonra pabhym KOMMyHHKauKH. Hcxona H3 CTpyKTypHOH COOTHCCCHHOCTH KOMHOHCHTOB COE, H A. Typ- MaieBa BbwejiaeT rwtb ochobhmx ihitob rpammanroeckofi cb»3h b COE: 1) german, 2) napannenbhaa, 3) nyvbaa, 4) npacoeahhhtwi wtaa, 5) CHTya- THBHaa. H u u v ie pa3hux thhob COE onpegejwetc* hbymh ochobhwmh <paktopamh: BHflaMH coctabahkhtpix enhhctba npew ioxeh H i h xapam epom cbh3h Mowry hkmh. 3 m h b s <paktopa b cbo» oaepega 3aaHCar o r <J>yHKgHOHanwtoro c m n a, o r n m a re x c ia, o t HHgHBHgyaraaoii MwepM a sio p a. HA. T ypm aieb a b cboca pag ore npennaraet xapbmephsoban COE h no CTenetoi uejibhocth eahhctba. O h s B b u e n a e r TpH o c h o b h b ix i h i u COE: l)ne* ajichhmbie, 2) nonyanehhmwe, 3) anehhmwe (HA. T y p M a ae» a). HancKO h c nojihoe om cah H e b abhhoa k h h tc crp y K iy p H b ix h cem aanneck H X ococ en- HocTefl cb epxo paaob ux efflm ctb s e e ace a a e i HCKOTopoe npesflcrab flenie o cb «3 h x, K otopbie CKpennmoT o tn e m H u e npegnoacehha h c o g n a n t q n u w o c n 6onee BbicoKoro nopaoka, <hm cbm o npeanojicehhe. X apak T epnoi ococeoh o c tu o COE h b jih c tc * e r o c ia iy c, nphsnvmnnuto o o th w m # o r c ra ry c a npennobcehha. nocnenme k b k G u p acib o p H erca b h c m, n p H e r cvov cbm oc- Toaxeju>Hocn> Aanoe b r e x c jiy a a a x, tcoma b ik m a e r mneikhx f le f c c n w c ia ix snemehtob... Kaxcaaa Mbtcjib, BbipaaceHHaa c h o b o m ocooo, m n e r J1.H. T o h c to h, - lepaer CBofi cm bicji, CTpaxrmo n o a th a e T c a, K o rg a G epercx ogh a h 6e3 Toro cueibiehha, b k o to p o m OHa s a x o n n c * n y x H u niww, k o to - 71

75 pwe nokasajnt 6bi 6eccMbicjnmy otmckhbehhx omenbhmx Mwcnefi b xynoncectbchhom nponabeneioni» hoctohhho pykosomom 6 u <mmened b tom 6eciHCJieHHOM na6hphhte cueidierafl, b KoiopoM coctoht cynwoctb hc- KyccTBa, h no tom 3aK0HaM, kotopwe cnyxear ochobahhem 3THX cueiuiehhfl, [ToncTOH J1.H., ]. Mwcnb T oncroro npeaenbho ncha. Haflo ymitbisarb, <no OTAenbHwe npennoxcehhfl iepiuot cboio 3Ha«oiMocTi>, m o cymectbyer CeciHcneKHbift nashphht cuennehhft h m o sa^ana TonKOBarena xynowectbehhoro npohsbeflehhh - nokaaan. 3th cusnnehha, hx 38kohu h i«m cbmum npohhxhyrb b cyuytoctb xynoxcectbehhoro npoksbenehhh. He OoflCb BnacTb s onih6icy, nonxceh CKaaan, mo ^iatsnpuht cqennewia' nphcyui He tojibko xysowecibehhbim npok3beaekhhm. nonwraiocb 3TO no- K33aib. CBepx4>pa30Boe eohhctbo, ranjuicb ochobhhm KoHCTHTy3HT0M rekcia, He Bcerna jienco BbwenHMO. B ouhhx cnyqaxx oho oosnanaot c a63auem (b OCOSeHHOCTH B CTHJIJIX >!3blKa KayfflOH npo3bl, AenOBblX AOKyMeHTOB h nexo- Topbix n p y n tx ), a ap y rax cjiyxaxx ohhh a63an nenco pacnanaetc* Ha Hec- KonbKo CBepx$paaoBux wwhctb (ocoseimo b cntne flswxa xyaoxcectbeh- HOH np03bl H B H033HH). 3lO 3aKOrtOMepHO. rpamnibi C<PE H a63ana Hepewco nepecexaiotch b bsbhchmocth ot coaepxcahhh coo&uehhb h oco& hho ot nparmbihneckoa ycrahobkk. TeM He Menee c<&e Hyxaio nph3h3tt koh- CTHiywroM rekcta, a npennoxcehhe KOHcrHiysHTOM Ci>E. rionocho to My KaK npennoxcehhe cnocoono ykaaarb Ha b3bhmoflescrbhe h BaaHMOcsaab o io b, ero cocrabnmowhx, CG>E cnoco6ho ykaaan. Ha BaaHMofleft- CTBHe h B3aHMocBA3b cmbicnob npennoxcekhfi, ero cocrabnawiuhx. HeKoropue HcaieqoBaieim nbrraiotca BuqejiHTb 6onee KpyiiHbie eflhhh* Hbi xekcia, BeM C<t>E. nphmewenbha b stom othomehhh pafioia T M. Earanobofi, b k otopoh ona nbrraeica o&beahhhtb ABa (h 6onee) COE b eohhwii npenukarhbho-penffthbhlih KOMimeKC (TJrf. E atanob a), EaxanoBa hcxoaht Ha Toro ikuiohcehmta, m o nekoropue CBepxcjipaaoBbie enhhctba, BunenaeMbK Ha 0CH0B3HHH CCMBHTHBeCKOrO KpHTepHX H OTHOCHIHHCCH K OJWOMy TeMatMqecKOMy nanny TeKCTa, nocnenobatem>ho oobcahhmotcji b enhhhiibi 6onee BMcoKoro HopaflKa xax b cmmoiobom OTHomeHHH, Tax h b peayjibtaie onpeoenerhbtx <J>opb nbhwx CBX3eH. B cocraae lakoit norhko-cemaxnnteck o h uenocthofl CHcreMM CBepx$paaoBbie ennhciba, OTJOwaxcb jmuib ontocmenbhoh camocrofltejibhoctbio, $yhk[[hohhpyk>i KaK cpencrea nepeoaw paanhmibix xacim ix hh^opmbuha h no*pa3homy BaaHMOAeftcTByioT npyr c apyrom b pa3beptnbahhh osmero kom MyHHKaniBHoro conepxcahha. flphh- UHn rioctpoehhx 3T0H KOMTOieKCHOH e^hhobt B ee aabtkobom C»4>OpMneHHH onpenenhetch He KonHiecrBoM Bxowmoix b nee cbepx^paaobux ephhctb, a TBMH OTHOUieHHflMH, KOTOpue BO3HHKai0T MCXCflY HHMH B TeKCTe, XapaK- TepOM OpraKH3aQHH HH<{K)pMaQHH. B 33BH CHMOCTH OT O&beMa HH^MpMailHH H OT 4>yHKUHH B BbUtOIIHeHHH ofim ero KOMMyHHKaniBHoro aanakhii mehbi arofi KOMiuieKCHoA enkhhitbi nenfltca Ha npeohkambhbie (Benymjie, onpenejiaiomhe) h penanibhbie (BiopocTeneHHbie, nonxhhehhbie). npewacathbhbifi xneh HBnaeTca Komteit* TyaJibHbiM appom b cociabe uenoro KOMiuieKca, Tax KaK, BbinonHHH <J)yHK- IQUO COO&U«HHH KOBbIX CBejI HKH 06 OnHCblBaeMUX Co6blTHaX, OH BHOCHT 72

76 MaxcnMant>HMH Btenaa b cymmaphyio HwJiopMamao, nepdusaem yto KOMixneKcom. PejumfBHOcn., m npoih B, B btcrynaei kbk npwhsk (JiaKyjikTaiHBHOCTH anemchta no othouwiduo k flomhhhpy»reemy anemehty KOMirieKca. Hrefiop- MaiHBHafl 3HaBKM0CT» pejlxthbhblx 3JKMCHTOB IKBenHKB no CpaBHeHHK) c HH$oj>MBTHBHofi auawmoctmo npemikaihbhoro wicha, ho aro ne yjvtehbuiaet 3creTH<teocofi ikhhocth peiutihbhmx suicmchtob b coa/jam ra B u p a w - icn u to ft uenthocih coo6mehh«. B upnom npeshkaihb no-pen hthbhma komdjk k c mobcho oxapakiephx)batk k sk cnoxaiyio MHoroKOMnoHeHrayio HepapxHqecKyio citcrem y npothbonoctasnehhbix h b3bhmocbh3bhhnx othoiikhh8. npeflhkathbhbui <umh BbinojiHHei cboc Ha3HancHHe tojibko b coe ah Herein c penxihbhum. 3flecb o n a n. mobcho n p «6 en iy ib k ah anonoi. B bccbmb hhtcpecnoft ta n r e E.M. BanwJ* TpaM M am xa h cevtahthxa nph naraiejibh oro BBeaeHo nohhthe "nociaiow oct b cm uoib w ih onpenenehrh ponh paam ax nm ob nphnaraienbhoro b 4>opMHpoBaHHH KOMMyretKaiHBHociH BucKaauBahhb (E.M. BonwJ>.7S, H o p.). PejnrrHBHwe COE o tip a s y n i c npeahxathbhhimh COE h c k h h KOM iuiexc, KaK e ro H aaub aer T M. B aran o B a, KOTopwfi Toxce Moxcer BbjranHTb h o iid ji- HHrenbHbifl cm m cti. AM irih^hxauhh (paasepoyt oct b) k b k o u h o n a cboftcib nhcbmehhoro i * k c t 8 b h o c k t b H ero noacnehm a, AonoHHeHHH, tu in io crp a- UHH k n p cn o c» 6ciByiouiHe 6 onee n o nnom y pack p b in n o CMMcna, aaioijoieh - h o to b och o b h o m (npenhkaihbhom) COE. Mobcho H 30m o p $ h o npeflcrab H ib ce 6e, b io nonosh o tomy k b k b nphm epe, nphbeneim om b k h k tc E.M. BonwJ): TleftcTBHH pa3bcptbibai0tcb Ha B poge 5 h HeitTpaHbnofl TeppHToprei, ycrrpa- Hetoie npreiarat enbh oro n o sn e icn o 6m 3a C HeHmfiopMaTHBHocTb b u c k s - 3MBaHHHt ycrpah ereie H3 KOMttneKca H exot opux caepxtjjpaaob bix ejttthcib (h KBtoieBMX npeanobcehhii BHyrpH a m x ewihctb) TaK nee Moxcer noanekb 3a c o 6o h HenociaTOBHocTb cmbicna npejqfkantbhoro m e m KOMnriexca. rjlabalv KOrE3MH (BHyrPMTEKCTOBME CBH3H) Toutse riettt (A. MeiBet) PaccMOipeHHoe h s m b BneKeHHe Texcra nokaabraaet, KaK la c ru, sa x o ro p u e A Po6h t c «rexcr, ocr>e HHKraTCH, coxpahm eahhctbo, uejibhoctb npoh3beflehhfl, a rakbce, KaK ocecnebhbaetcx nocneflobarejiwioctb (xohnniyym) HanaraeMbtx c o6h t h h, 4>aKTOB> fleftctbhh. Mexcfty oimcubaemmmh co6bi- THBMH nojlxcha SfclTb xaxah-10 npeemctbehhoctb,kakah-tocbfl3b, XOTH 310 KaK H3BCCTHO, He Bceraa BMpaxcaercx BMpa6oraHHOft CHCTeMoft h s m k o b lix cpeflcra cowaamh, c o jo sh m m h pebehhxmh, RpHBacTHMMK o6opoiamh h up. Bonee xoro, cama ara CHCTCMa Sbuia BMpa6oraHa iqwmekrtenbho k c b b s b m, «a- 6nionaeMMM BHyrpH npennoxcemui, r e. Mexcny ero b b c tb m h h Mexcay npen- JKMKeHHHMH, B BaCTHOCTH BHyTpH OlOXCHOnOflBKHeHHUX, MeXCHy rnabhmm H nphflatobhmm. OimaKO, 8HanH3HpyX TCKCI, MM BHQHM, BTO H ero OTflejlbHbie B8CTH, HO* pofi otctoaikhe apyr or npyra Ha 3HaBHienbH0M p b c c t o h h r h, 0Ka3biBa»Tca b to 8 h h h HHoii cienehh c b j o b k h m m h, npmem cpencrba CBH3H He Bceraa 73

77 cob naoaw T c TpaflHUHOHHNMJj. H o naxte ro rfla, K o ra a a n ft cb«3h om enbh bix otpcjkob B u ck aau B am u HcnomayioTCH yxce KSBecTHue cpeactba, o h h nphofipetaiot HCKOTopue o co G ck h o cth, nopoxcaehhbie MaeumGHOCThio o&bekta. A n n osoah iieh H S t3k h x $ o p M cbhsh nenecoog paah o H cnonbaob aib nenabho BouieauiHU b ynotpesnehhe TepMHH K o re in a ( ot ahrnttfickoro c o h e sio n - d te n n e tm e ). CneaoBaxeJU.no, K o rean * - a r c ocogwe BHflbt cb«3h, ooecneamsatouute KOHTHHyyM, i.e. jiorh iecicyio nocneao B aienbh ocn., (TeM nopanthyto k/ kjth npocipahctbehhyw) B3aMM03aBHCHM0CIb OTHeJlkHMX COoGmeHHH, 4>aKtOB, neitctbhs h n p ^. jpaccmoiphm 4>opMbi h BHjibi KoresHH n a uphbeaekhux pahee nphmepax tekctob paahux JI3UK0BBIX 4>yHKKK0HaJIbHUX CTHJieft. B t e i c c r e n m u i o M a i m e c K o r o a o K y M e H r a 2 K o r e a a a n p o a B J i a e r c a b n o - r m e c K o f t c b jk h M e x c a y o x p e 3 K a M H. A e n e H H e h s a S a a u u u ) a f i ) $ a K T m e c K H pactuh^pobubaexcfl t b k : b a) MJouo'teHa m h c jil o Heo6xoaHMocTH u p jn u m b o B H H M ah H e bbci. H 3yM eh H bih c e K p e ia p M a T O M M a i e p H a n o M o p c K H x n e p e - B o a K a x b K)dkhoh A M e p t u c e, a b 6 ) B H H M ah H e K O H H eh xph pyet C H H a p e 3 y n b - T a r a x n p O B c n e H H o r o H C c n e n o B a iu ta. D e c k t b k c t, K a x y x c e G b in o B b u tb n e H O a H a n n 3 0 M iut< $H > pm am ih 3 i o r o a o K y M W i a, n p e a c i a B J i e H b B H n e o n H o r o n p e a - n O * «J H H C n p H H a C IH b JM o G o p O T O M, H O 3 T 0 T J Ip m a C IH M H o C o p O T flb JlS et C JJ n o c y m e c T B y o i a e n b K b i M h a a x c e c a M O c r o x T e a b H b im n p e a n o x c e m t e M. T b k h m ogpaaom, npimacthbiii ogopoi cjijo k h t aaecb K0re3neii, T.e, coeah- Haei ABa orpeaka BHCKa3MBaHHfl (popmanbho-rpammarareckhm cpenctbom. TeKCTOoGpaaytomaH 4>yHKi(Kfl pea/uraobsha rpacjjmeckk pasgttehhem onhoro npennoxcenhh Ha omenbhbie a63aaw. npothbope'we norhteckoro h (JiopManb- Ho-cipyKiypHOro (xapaxjephoro a n a aioro BHna TeKcra) oiebhjjno. Korean* b raaeihom TeKde, h b nacmocth b KpaiKHx coogmehiwx, ocyuiecibjwetca npynimh cpeactbamh. Ecjik npoahajihshpobaib KpaiKoe coogujehhe, nphbenehhoe Ha c. 31, to Ha itepbmh Banina khkukoh cbb3h aaecb Her. KaxcawH H3 ipex agaaneb KaK 6 w abtocemawwieh, 3 to BneiaTtieHHe He cnynahho. Bbiuie m m roboptum 0 6 ocogehhoctax ra3ethbix coogiaerow, koxopbte onpenenenbi nparma-npieckofi yciahobkoii aroro m na KOMMyHMKamm, a HMeHHO yjioxchtb BO3MOXCH0 GonbUie HH<hopMailHH B B03M0XCH0 MeHbmee KOJunecTBO cxpok, TaKan nammaphoctb xekcrra nphboaht k HeoGxonHMOCTH HaGeran. bcskhx cjjopmanbho-rpammatiweckkx cpenctb cbjuh. TeM He Menee Kore3HH snecb ocyiaecrbaaetch. KptoiKOM cnyxtht cjiobo npoepamma (s cooreercreuu c npoepommoii, b nepbom agaaae, h no npoepamme, bo btopom ). CaMa KoresHH, nph nomouth KOTOpoii peannayetca KOHTHHyyM, He orpahhhhbaetch oahhm kpkhkom. HaasaHKe aroro raaethoro coogujehhh - CamoT-5: HccnenoBaHHa npoaonxcawtca Hanenaei chobo npodojimatorch CBaaytoiueii t)>yhkuhefi aanbiue nobtopaerch - HoneT npoflonxcaercn ). TaKHM o6pa30m, nobtopehhem aroro rnarona b paankhhux corexahhax h ocyutectbjiherch Koreaim. E o r a ib i h paahoo pa3hbi cpeactba KoreaKH b jthrepatypho'xynoxcectbeh- Hbtx TeKCT ax. B hhx HacTQjibKO xecho nepennereh bi norm eck H e, jichxojioth- 74 Cp. npennaraemue H.3. 3 h k b h c t o m TepMHHM cohesion (Koreatw), coherence (nocneno- BareniHocn.) h. AHEtepcoHOM - factual cohesion <4»KTya/n.Haa Koreitu) h coherence (nocneaomtenutocn.) (N.E. Enkvist, 102; E. Andetsson, 131).

78 (WCKHe h <Jx>pM»ni>HO-crpyKTypHbie BHflu kotcjhm, mto nopofl ipyjm o fla n hx TiKCOHOMHMecKyw xapaicrephcthky. ripocjieflhm. Kax Kaieropwt KorcsHH peamiaoeaha a nphbeflemom panee pacckaae ByHHHa. Mu y*e nokaaaim, KtK b na<tane n o ro pacckau flnomaflb CoriiacHfl xapaktepm3yetth jrihietom foiw uu h KaK ee $OHapH MeTa$opmeck h HaMBHM KaHdeAx6paMu. PaaBepHyTt* MeTa<t>opa, ogmfluamiiiah b oflhom o6pa3e paahbie cropohbi onhcbibaemoro npeflmera, ({wkthmeckh nocny- Mina cpeacibom Korea h h, npmem ara Korea h h flhctihtha. JbIfl TOrO <ITo6u C floctatotooft IIOJJHOTOft BHHBHTb pt3h0o6pt3he H pt3hoxapaktephocn. cpeflcra Korea hh b jnuepaiyphux rekciax, KeoCxoflmio npexcfle Bcero paa6htb t c k c i Ha ero coctabjinuimie. Mu yxce ycrahobhjih, mo ochobhom eflhhhqea reiccia BBnnercn c»epx(j)paaoboe eflhhctbo (C O E ), k o - ropoe Mower cosnaflaib c a6aauem, h o moxcct h He cobnanan c h h m. OrMewiocb, tto camo o< >opmjiehhe pacckaaa Eyjoma b BHfle oflhoro adaaqa HH< >op- MaiHBHO: see lacra HacronbKo TecHo cnamtu, mo paaghehhe tokctb Ha a6- tanfci Hapyusmo Qu icahby paccnaaa amaofl b ero cipembrejibhom flbincehhh h rpanneckom sabepmetikh - k b KaKoft-ro crenehh h aamucen iwcarenn. 3 t o t pacckaa-a63au rem He MeHee coflepxarr b ce6e iteckonbko COE, k o to - puenencobunenhmuhb38kmocbn3ahu.ilepboecoecoctohrii3 flbyx npenhoxcchha: nepboe.hbjixiomeechaamhhom, - akahciehimoha/ibhoe, nockonbky oho xapaktephayct onpeflenemioe coctohhhc - flahhocib; BTopoe - shmkhh napnacckhft 3okot. B cjwbc aaxat HMeercn cema flbhxeemtx, Koiopax bo btopom npefljioxcehhh aktyamrayeich b rnaronax 6/ieKnyr (xpackh), aerator (ctu iysn i), paccbinaiotai (hjm vkh ra s a ), 3 to Biopoe npeflnoxeehhe csnaaho o nepbum npcanokehhem-aawhom rpammarmeckhm cpencibom ykaaaiem- HUM MeCTOHMeHHeM 3TU. Biopoe COE HawHaeicfl cnobamh B or u coecem cremh&io. KoreaHA 3flecb ocymecibnnercn b pam K ax BpeMeHHUx OTHOmetaift - remhetomux cymepkox coecem cremhe/to. XpouononnecKan nocneflobaieiibhoctb peajihsyetca HapetHHMH y x e h coecem. llonbjtneich flpyrofi BpeM HHOH o rp e a o K remhoia npothbonociabnehhua aaxaiy. B stom COE remhota ocogchho aktya- HH3yeTC«cnoBaMH rpaypno (jibetca) e uephou (buiukhc), b otoh vephore h KOHTpaCTHpytOUTHMH C TCMHOTOH nbtjiact (6or3TCTBO pekjiam), OiHCHHbtU (B b b h h o h ), ecnbixuaaioutwc (b o to h xephote). Tpene COE nepckmoiaer BHHMaHHe AHiaTenA c 4>oKyca ubeia h BpeMeHH Ha $okyc flbhhcenha h 3ByKa. Koreans sroro COE c npeouflytmimh ocymectb- JueTCH Mepei KJiioTOBoe cjiobo aeromo6u/ib: H ace MHOxcaica h mho**tcji Oeryuwe othh MTOMo6»u»eB, hx pajhonxnocito tuero notoka..,ua cothh biaob HenpcpuBHO aay'ttmero abtomoohnamh...seryupmh oo cbohmk orokucamh". KoresHH w ecb ocyifl^ctbjiaerch flhciahihum nekcmeckhm nobtopom, KoiopbiM kbk Gbi nepegpacbibaer KpwqoK nepe3 BTopoe COE, HHCTaHTHax Kore3HH BecbMa xapaktcpna flnx xyfloxcectbehkbix tc k c to b. B HeKOtopbix cnynanx OHa e o sa aam em a h nojrom y c ipyflom noflbepraerch akiyajihaauhh. H b 3tom pacckaae^ toju»ko BHHMarenbHO nphcmotpebumcb k 4>opMe Hajioaceiuui, moxcho ybhfleib, KaK oflho juoub ynommahhe b nepbom COE, cflenakhom b 4 pme atph6yrhbhoh xapaktephcmkk ro p o o a, nepexoflhi b ochobhyw npono3huh» coogiuehhh. BufleneHHaa b om enbhoe npeflno- 75

79 acemk, a n nponoaimiw nccahcwhuhohanmoro n n o n o u y puuik bho to no cnoeft cymhoctm xapaiciepa npnogpetaet upe/vtkathb hoc am m one. Koreah s, OcyiucciBnncMa* KOHTaxiHUM (cmgxcmum) nobtopom-noflxbatom, atuwrejuko 5onec 3KCCUIHIJJITH1, k«k n o bhoho H3 CJteAytotnero npw- Mepa: - Ax, Some moh, o wm Mi robopmcl - BOCMiHKityiM Cuim, nonpo6y*te ykpunca 3Tom aomcj Mu Bmpat co bccx kohhbb cser* (otgbbk* bbqckojimcoctpok); flt, KOHMBO, OH BHROI flbui CO»cex KOHttOB CBCItl Tskoh KOHnKtHMft nobtop-nouxbax cuewwer jno cobepuiehho paaioie nobecibobainu pew nepconaaca s pew an o p a, b Koxopux nop«3h0my ocmbicjucrcjt coaepacaime BkJCKasMBaKHH: b petunuce Camn Bee HHICpOCyWTC* X9DHB10, 6bITOM ToriCTOrO H ero CBMra; B abtopcko* pew OH 6ws BCeMHpttO H3B CTeH. Hyamo aam enm, axo KoreaH* kbk K aieroptu, xapakieptia* fln* KKCia (a He m u npeflnohcekhh), HepeftKo BJieser 3a cocoii usmcheuhe CMbicnosux coothouiehhd flbyx cnennseminx OTpeaKOB. fimnocipamieft Moacex cn y aara c s s 3b, ocymecibjwemaa nosxopom BHyTpH COE h cssaa Meatfly COE. B TpeiaeM COE paccicaaa ByHHHa cjiobo pytca nosiopsexcs b flbyx CMeamux npeflflaoiceimsx: crpouno npaeur v m -w nespumm pyica ezo opkecrpom. Ho s o t 6ydro dpoznym arc pyxa. 3flec& MeTa4x>ptrtecKoe ynotpe6 nehne cjiobi p y m tie npexepiwbaei HHKaxHX HOMeHeroifi. Ho b siom ace paccxaae ynomstiyias Koreans Meatfly nepbhm h ipen>hm COE, ocyiaecrbjisemas cjio* bom obtomogwu,, cymectbeimo ttameitsei nparmaxmeckyio cyuihocib BucKaabuaHHs: cjiobo ootomosu/is ctshobhics qyn. jm He uempom Bcero pacckaaa, ciepamem, hs KOTopuft KaHHahiBaroics Bee ocxajtthwe anemehxbi coo6mehhs. An* Toro aro 6 fci noka3arb, KaK AHcraKTHas Kore3Hfl, ocymecibjisemas rjubhum ospaaom nekcmeckhm nobiopom (xoacaectbehhmm, chhohhmhaeckhm tout neph^pacrtpteckhm), o6 ecnewbaei KOHXHHyyM ttobecibobahhs, flociaroatto nphcmorpencs k cnoby 6 a u 3 k u u ( b paahbix (J>opMax), Koiopoe mm HixoflHM b paccka3e A JI. ^exoba 0 jik>6 bm :. S oiuen acembmiy Monoayio, npekpachyio, nospyn, HHienimreimiyio, o6aa- TCftbuyn, xehmwy, kikob a pwuiie hhkoiim hc ectpesan; h cpasy notybctboban b Be* cymectbo OniraKoe, yace 3H4KOMOe, toano n o junto, n a nphbcrniibue, yauiue ma3a s»«flen yace Korna-ro b nercxbe, b anbtfcme, KOTopufl nenon Ha komoac y mocb Matepa. 3 to nepboe ynorpecnehhe chobb 6nu3Koe, k sk Bnfldo H3 nphbenemforo kohtckctb, peam nyer oaho hs ero 3naaeHHfl, a HMemo atiakomoe (yace SHBKOMoe), i.e. M3BecTHMt no BocnoMtraaHHSM o6pa3. Oho b 3tom koh- TeKcre JiHineHO SHaqemu 6tih30cth (flyxobhofi mm 0 H3inecKofi). B iopoe ynotpe&nekhe - npotoboflhoe o i Gjjuskuu - fataoct b noxb Jisetcs qepe3 32 crpoicn, b x o ropbix ykt3m Baeics Ha BpeMennoH OTpeaoK, nporneaunift o r nepboft q o Biopoft B crp ew c Mononofi acenmrhofi ( 3 r o 5w no b Haw n e sochm - TIoaaHCH o cch h o ). B or n o M ecro, ra e ciiobo GAUdocn yace npk ofiperaei hhou orrehok 3HaqeHHs: EpMOAtwcKuu C, S chonojuhotas xpohhk*. - 3Be3«a, 1974, H* 3. 76

80 "Bxoxty e ryscpnttopckyio noxty... c m o t p» - pxnom c rycephmopuieit A m a AJieKceeBMi, h o i m t l to ace canioe HeorpaanMoe, 6uome«BimameHM xpacom h mwiux j i k k o b u x m u, h o i u T b i o xte x y» C T B O G i u o o c t h. CnoBocoqeraMHe m uawx jtackoebtx z m s nphbhocm y x e h&mck Ha aapaxcnaiomyjoca mo6 obb k 3toh aceuimihe. CB»3b, ctojn. nocnenobarcnbho ocymectbjuemui, ococchho omythma, kotna sepea Tp«cTpamtubi nohrrtsetcs:.. m u c a n s n a b x p e c n a x p a n o M, i u i m h Ka t un tcacamtcfc... u s n o e p c M f f ya c T B o - aan, f r o o n ftnraica m h o, n o o n a m o h, n o i u m M e n u s o p y r 6es n py r a, n o n o x a x o M y - i o C T p a n n o M y H o n o p a a y M C H i n o... m u b c b k h A p a s n p o m a j M C b u p a c x o m u i R c b, x a x tyxcne. B r o p o a e yxce roitophtih o H a c f o r ut a er n o, h o i d scero, n o rosopiinii, H e Gujio h h o n * koto cnoba npanou", 3tOMy orpubicy npenuiecibyer onhcaime Bctpen c mojioqoh jkchiuhhoh, nactue nocem em u repoem pacck33a noma JlyraHOBineft, m ucks o B03M0Xhom nph3hahhk, comhehhh h HaRexenu ( Me)Kfly xem rottbi uura. y A hhu AneKceeBHU 6u n o y x e flboe flereh ). Hcho, n o cjiobo 6/iu30c n (b ero pa3hbix 4>opMax) ttphofipeno yxce 3Ha*teiote to to nyxobhoro coctoskhs, koropoe mojkho onpenejnm xax mocobb. Becb paecxaa nocieneioio pactcpub aer B03HHKHOBeHHe h pasbitnie no- TaeHHOfi, no nocjieflhefi cnehu HCBupaxceHHofl hkj6 bh. CaMa HH(}>opMamw aakinoneiia b cnobax: npmshancii eft n c a o e H jnofon, k c o xcryhefl f o n u o e c e p n u e s n o win, xax He- H y a a t o,me j ix o h x a x o C M a m i i B O fouio a ce to, n o h i m M e u i a n o m o C m. Jl nottsn, n o x o r n a jnooniib, t o b c b o h x p a c c y n c a e K i M K 06 atoll j h o G b h H yx o ao H c x o w m > o r aucuiero, o r f o n e e saxaioro, l e w c n c T b e u h h H e c a a c n e, r p e x w i h n o G p o n e v e n a b h x x o n a u e M C M U c n e, h u h H e n yx o io p a c c y x c n m b o b c c. Qepea Becb paccxaa npoxonnr m oots: 6AU3Koe - 6a u y o c n ~ 6au3ka - AKtSoeb. Cjiobo niocobb b paanux 4> PMax nasbjiserch b paccxase 13 pas (icpome aarnabhn), nprnem oho oco5ehho rycro pacnonaraeics 6jnoxe k Kowiy pacckaaa, kbk 6w chthajih3hpys HapacraHHe jto f o lybctba, xohnaiomeech B3pUBOM npk3hakhem. IlpHBeneM npkmep npmyflimboro nepeidieteimx paahux bhhob Kore3HH. npoana/in3hpyem noamy 3nrapa Ilo The Raven (B opon). Iloor ckop6 h t B OtOHHOqeCIBe O CMepiH CBOeH B03JH06jleHH0 H, OH HmeT B OKKyHbTHHX Haykax orbera Ha Bonpoc, npeflcroht jih emy BCTpeva c Heil b 3arpo6HOM MHpe. 6 OTKpMToe ok ho BneiaeT BopOH, h hoot SecenyeT c seiueft rmateft. Boi BKpante conepxcahne noam u, cocionwefi «3 18 flhhhhkix ctpotp. Bo btopoa crpo4>e nohbjinercn coveiaahe lo st Lenore (yrpaiehhah JlHHop), nexoftapyemoe KaK yuienuiaji b MHp hhoh JiepH^pacnnecKHMH ogopoxamh nameless here fo r evermore (HaBcerna SeawMaHHaa nnecb) h whom the angels name Lenore (KOTopym ahrenu HaauBator J lr a o p ). 3 th coaeiahha, KJiHweBbie no cboe My 3Ha>ieHH to, BHOBbBocnpoH3BonnKJiBCTpo4iax m em ories o f Lenore (namim, 0 JlHHop), forget the lost Lenore (3a6ym> cboio yipa>*eh- Hyw JImhop). Korem naoecb OKcraHTHaji, HenocpeflcraeHHo cnocosctbyioiuah HtnerpaoHH Texcra h, b kohcihom cnere, pacxpbmaiomah CKM Bceft noaw u. JlormecKHe h CTWiHcrmectcHe Bunu KoresHH b rexcte, b oco6chhocth b noaimeckom, nexcar Ha nobepxhocm. B aahhom npkmepe Koreans oco6 chho samctha 6jiaroaapa TOMy, n o snecb ynoxpeoneho co6 crbemioe hmh - Jlimop, enhhctbehhoe COdcTBCHHOe HMH BO BCeft HOJMe. 77

81 3HaMHrejtbHo cjioxmee ybhjjerb Koreaiuo accomiathbhyto (noaxekcrobyio). BMpaw?f»m pondered over many a quaint and curious volume o f forgotten lore paa mm liman Han mogonbithmmh tomsmh aasutoh HayKM cuenneho cueph4>pactkmeckkmh o6 oporamm vainly had sought to borrow from my books surcease o f sorrow rm enio HCKan h b tcmtrax ycnok oem uidream ing dreams no m ortals ever dared to drem before (Menra* o tom,o <km hh oohh CMepiHuit HHKOraaHecMen Mevran.) H aajauie it will clasp the radiant maiden ochkmct jih(nyuia) aryjiyneaaphywfleby',other friends have flown before (h flpyrne Hpyawt nokhnami Meiw), she shall press, ah, neverm ore (ona yxce HHKorna He Gyjter nexcan. Ha atoa noayuik e). Bee 3tn Bbtpaxcetntfl, Bbi6paHHi>ie H3 pa3hbix c rp o $, noka3biba»t, KaK acco- UHantBHafl KOresHa cnocogctbyei peajutaaiuui coflep5kaiem>ho*kohuenryam»- hoh mtdktpmauhtt. Mucjib noara Ha npothxeehhh Bceft 003MU BoaBpamaetca k Hanexcne actperhtbcji c jhoshmoa b 3tom hah b noiyctopohnem MHpe, xotii kjuoiom k n,ekonhpobahhk> CKH HBJifleTca cjiobo nevermore (Hmcorna), nobtophtomeech no<rm b kok o oh ctpo$e. B 3tom GerJiOM paccmorpehhh HeKOtopwx cpeoctb Koreami b noame BopoH He noftbeprnyi anajihay uejibih pan opyrax cpencrb, cbaaywimix otnem>- Hue Mecia texcta. IIohth hhkhkhx on03hahhbix h $HKCHpyeMNX b rpam- MarHKax cpeflcrb cbhsh 3oecb Her, 3a HctcntoneKHeM, noxca/iya, c/iob presently (Bcxope) B ohtos cipo< >e h then (aaxem) B nepbofl expose. CpencTBa KOreara b xekcte mojkho KnaccH^miHpoBaib no paahbim npuaha- KaM. KpoMe xpaahuhohho rpammathteckhx, Hecyuwx xekcxoogpaayiouiyio 4>yHKtotK>, hx mqjkho paaqeniitb Ha norwieckhe, accottuathbhbie, ospaahbie, K0Mn03HUH0HH0-CTpyKTypHbie, CTHUHCTHneCKHe K phtmhkb^gpaaytonthe. K TpamiuHOHHo-rpaMMaTHnecKHM nphanaxam othocbtch cox>3bi h coioanwe penehhfl xhna s C st3u c jtum, so t nm em y, odnaxo, rax xax, nodtomy, rax x e, x a x u, Bee neftktineckhe cpenctba (MecTOKMetuui, coioabi k n p.); npmact- Hue ogopoibi (Kax, HanpHMep, b nphbenehhbix Bbiiue zmnnomaxiroeckhx ao- KyMeHxax). 3 th cpeflciba HasBaiiMTpaflHUHOHHO-rpaMMaTHAecKHMH cpeflcxbbmh Kore3HH, nockonbky ohh yxce oimcahbi KaK cpenctba cbb3h Mexcfly oxnenbhbimh npeajioxcehhxmh. Ho ohh xce cnyxcax h cpenctbamh cbjoh Mexcfly Gonee KpymtbiMH oxpeskamh Cd>E, agaanamh h b stom nnahe nphogpexawx craryc KOresHH. Bbiuie Gbum ykasahbi HapeHHH y x e» cobccm b paccxaae ByHHwa KaK BpeMeHHbie KptoiKH K0 re3hh. TaKHe Hapewn, x a x ecxope, uecxoabxo dueu (Henejib, net...) cnycm, xoeda h np., HBJinncb BpeMeHHbiMH napameipamh coogmehhh, cueiumiot oxnenbhbie cog uthu, npwtabaa hm AocxoBepnocn>. TaKyw xce < >ynktutk> BunonnmOT cnosa: nenodaaexy, uanpom e, no3adu, nod, nod, pndom, edanexe, s 6au3u, mumo h t j i., nanitiomhecfl npocxpahctbehhbimh napameipamh coogmehhh. K nonoghbtm 4>opMaM Kore3HH othochtch h ^>opmbi nepenncnehkn: sonepsbix, s o st o p w c, rpa<t>hneckhe cpeflciba a ), 6), e) win BbineneHHe nacreft BbtcKasbiBaHHnmnppaMKI),2),3) htjt. IlepenHcneHHbie cpenctba Koreami cmrratotcs normieckhmh noxomy, nxo ykjianubaiotch b norhko^ihnocodwkhe nohbths nohhtha nocneflobarenb- HOCTH, BpeMeHHblX, npoctpahctbchhbix, ItpHHHHHOKUienCTBeHHMX OTHOUieHHft. 3 ih cpenctba nern o nekojutpyiotcfl h nosxomy He aaaepxchbawi BHHMaHiw ih- 78

82 rdtejth, pa3be tojibko b Tex cjiynaax.korna bojimio turn HeBonbHo BbiHBnaeTca HecooTBeiciBHe cueimehhbix npeflctabhienes k csm hx cpenctb KOresHH. HMeHHO b jtorim ck H x cpeactbax KoreaHH Ha6juoaaeica nepecenehhe rpam- MaTfnecKHx k rekcrobtix cb«3h. rpammarnweckhe cpeacm a nepeak- USHiHpyioica h TaKHM o6pa30m crahobbtca TeKcioBUMH, i.e. npho6petaiot cra iy c Kore3»H. EcrecTBCHHO, m o b 3tom npouecce Kaacaoe cpencrbo cbhsh He JimiiaeTCH nonhoctwo CBOHX CHCTBMHblX CBOHCTB. IIOCTOMy M05KH0 C K asaib, <(TO B HOrm eck H X c p e a c ib a x K afm nooaerca OAHOBpeMenHaa p e a jn o a m ta O B yx $ y H K - m id : rpammsthheckoh h TeKCTOo6pa3yK>meii. B och O»e accouhaihbhoh K oreah H Jieacar a p y r n e oco6chhocth c ip y K T y - p u rek CTa, a hmchho pet pocnek U K fl, kohhotsuhh, cy& bek THBHo-oueiiO 'O iaa Monant>HOCTb. AccouuaiHBHaa Kore3Ha He Bceraa ynabjihbaetch. OanaKo OHa noaaac onpenenaer cbbth Me*ny onhcubaembimh BBJieHHBMH, oiehb Baxaihie m u nekoflhpobahhfl CKH. UpHBefly jumib oahh npkmep H3 Po*aecrBeHCKOH necim JlHKKenca. OnHcwBaa xapaktep mabhoro nepcohaxa CKpynaca, flwckenc peakhmh Ma3KaMH pncyer ero xcecrokocib, ckapeflhocrb, orcyrcr- BHe kskhx 6m to hh 6buio HejioBeHectCHX MyBCTB, ero crpemjiehhe orpaantb ce6a o t npoabjiehhb lysctb CHMnaTKH co cropohw npyrhx moned. Y Hero HeT npyaeh.h nasae k cboemy emmcrbemiomy luiematnuocy oh He nh iaei poactben- Hbix sybctb. Bjuotce flpym x 6mji emy ymcpuihfi KOMnaHbOH no loprosom y neny Mapjw, KOTopwd noabjiaeica b pacckaae b BHfle nyxa. Ho b o t b xapaktephcthke CKpyjptca noabjiaetca <{>pa3a o tom, <ito oh 6bin eflhhdbehhbim HCnOJIHHTeneM BOJIH MapnH, eahhctbehhblm HaCJieAHHKOM, enhhctbehhblm ttpyrom h eahhctbehhbim ero iuiakanbiunkom. KoHHOTauna mecb oiebhoha: aro yace xapasrrephcthka Map, a hc CKpygaca. TaKHM o6pa30m B03HHKaer cbasb accotmathbhoro nnaha. CKpyaxc h MapnH otoacaecmnaiotca b coahahhh ihtaxena bo Bcex cbohx orphuaienbhbix leptax. A ccoiytathbhah K o re a n a o c y m e c T B n a e ic a He TonbKO tta o c H o s e k o h h o t b* uhh. T a x n e B B O aam ne peteh H fl, KaK emy ecnomhuaocb, nodogno TOMy KaK, 8Me3anuo e eeo M03zy eojhuk/ia Mbicstb, j t o nanomhuao e \ty, a B Jia w rc a B ep- 6ajibHMMH CHTHanaMH accouhathbhofl K o re a n u. HatJOMHMM, MTO accouhajjjih B XyAOWeCTBeHHOM npoh3beflehhh He B03HHKB* lot cnohiattho. Ohh pesynbrai xynoxcectbehho-tbopbeckoro npouecca, b KoropOM OTaaneHHbie, He cba3ahhbie normeckhmh CKpenaMH npeaciabnehtta nphosperaiot BnojiHe noh antbie cbbsh Meacoy onhcbibaembimh abnehhhmh. B HapooHod no33hh accoiniathbhbie 4>opMbi KweaHH BcrpeiaiOTCH AOBOJib- H oiacio. OHHCTpoatea Ha ynoao6nehhh nphpoahux h b jic h k h lenobeckhm o t - HouteHHflM Him HaoBopoT. HanpHMep, b Hapootibix nee h h x : T o He Beiep BerKy k h o h h t, He AySpaByuitca uiymht, To Moe cepae<)ko h o c t, KaK oceh- HHd jih c t Apowwr H/iH Hc ocemihh m c fik h h AoacAHaeK 6pbi3XceT, 6pbi3*eT ckboab xymah, - Cne3bi ropbkhe uber MonoAeu Ha cbod Bapxambid Ka^iaH*. B cobpemehhom aapy6e)khom pomahe accoithathbhbie 4>opMbi Kore3HH no* nyutjui BecbMa umpokoe pacnpoctpah<hhe. JJ.ocTaro'iHo npocjienhtb 3a cbh- 3bmh Me*Ay omenbhbimh absanamh, rnabamh h OTAenbHbiMH aactbmh BHyrpH rnab b npoh3beaehhax fiena, OonKHepa, Jlacodca, BoHHeryra, MepAOK h np., MioGbj ycenhtbca, KaK HpnayAnHBO HHOraa peajih3yrotca cb»3h naed, npea- 79

83 ctsbjichhm, cogbithd, aeftcrbkh. Ilo jn a c ip y n n o pacum^pobatb accotocaflkh, BoamncaioiuHe y mcatww b npoueoce co3flaiow xysoxcecibehhoro npoh3benth im. B cikxotbopehhh PoCepTa $ p o c ta "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening (OciBHOBHJiHCb b j»c> chw khnm BCiepOM) Jt nonut anot nyrew ahamraa pacxpbm. aocouiiaimbhyto K oreaw o Mexcay nepbmm h b to p u m a&nmem, x o t b MoeaKHx (popmanahbix nok aaaieneft cbh3h Meatfly hhm h Her1. AccooHaruBHbie ipopmbi xoreahh Moryr BhixoflHTb h m npeflenu oakhoro lekcia, h 3to oco6ehho jatpyahnet, npouecc itohhmhhhfl (sexoflhpobahha) Texcra. Tax, BcxicHe anmoamt aro hc <no imoe, xax $opmu a ccoiwa thbhom KoresKH. HanpHMep, Beca pomah.hatefimca Jgscoftca "yjmcc nocipora Ha accomumuix c romepobckoh OflHCceeA. M Horae nhpmeckhe cihxotbopchhji H enom ih bi, ecim He anatb re x acco- KOTOpbie jxbhrkcb JBW HOSTS TBOpTOCKHM HMIiyjIbCOM. Tax, C T H X O - TBopcKHe M. U B eiaesoft "PonaHfloB p o r Henbsa nohxtb, ecim He CBiuan. e ro c accoimauhhmh Meatfly ee ropecraoh TBOpvecKOH cyflhcoh h HecHefi 0 PonaHfle BejnnaiiiiiHMiiaMjnHHKOM <ppaimy3ckoro re p o m e c x o ro ano ca1 AccoiwaiHB Hbie <j>opmbi xoreahh xapaxiepiibi rnabhmm o6paaom fljm xyfloxectbehhoh ju n e p a iy p b i. HaM npenc T aam et O t, <no KJiaccH<J)KKaUHB thhob xoreah H rp e S y e r nexo TO poro nepecm O ipa TpammHOHHO npwhhthx onpefleneh idi, h b w c ih o c ih on p enen eio M hohhthh acconh ainut. n p e /y ia ra io pacc M arpm at b accoflh arooo x a x c&ntatehhe npeacrabnehh ft, He yxjutflbibaooiiotxch b nphbbiihbie BpeMeKHue, npocrpahctsehhue, npinhhhocaeflctbehhwe (xayaanbh bie) h b u p. norhico-<}>hjioco<hckne xaterophh, H cxofla H3 a r o ro n e r x o yb H aeik, n o accoiw aih B H w e $opm M xore3hh o ^ i w o» e HaxoflHT ce6e M ecra b K O M noam ow tckcto b H a y ra o ro, ny&raithcth'ieckoro h flen o B o ro xapax T ep a. B raxhx r e x c r a x raabehctbywt 4>opMbi cbh3h, K oropw e aneiuih pyfoi x H H Tennexiy, a He x HyBcraaM. Bcjxxoe Bxop*cenHe accomiathbhoto H apyw aer eflhhctbo xaacflo ro hx sthx $yhkithoham>hbix cm n e ft x3u x a h B Jieier 3a co6o h e r o paanoxceinie. AccoiiHaTHBHaHKoreaHH TpeSyex Hexoero isopqecxoro nepeocmbicnehhh ceaieft Mexcay HBJieiUMMH. 3aeci> ymecmo nphbecni cnenyiomhe cnoba Bopa- CBopia: "T o find a ffin itie s in objects in which no brotherhood ex ists fo r passive m inds" 'p x a e n &tih3octv b Beiqax, b xotopbix nehhbmh ym He aame- <taet poflctba'. n o n ocpa3hoh x o re 3 n e a nohhm awrca T axne (popm tt cbh3h, KOTOpwe, ne* pexjihkancb c accoimaihbhum H, B036y*flax>T npeflcrab Jieiuui o tybcraeh Ho BocnpHHKMaeMbtx og bextax flehctbhiejibhocth. OflHa H3 HanOonee H3Becnmix <J>opM o6pa3 Hofi xoreah H paab eph ytan M eratjjopa. 3 to t CTHJiHCTinecKHft nphem Moxcer pasb H B an c o o 6tfleHHe BHyrpH cb ep x p aao B o ro eflhhctba hjih, HHTerpHpyfl Bee npoh3beflehhe, m okct coejmhxtb b oaho a e n o e flba napannejish o HflymHx coocmehhs. H yxce cp am H B an 3 to t nphcm c My3Mxans* HbiM KOHTpanyHxiOM [ransneph H H P., ]. Oco6eHHocib aioro BHfla xoreahh aaxmokiaetch b tom, <rro abtop cbaabi* BaeT He npeflm ena hjih bbjichhh aeacibhrenbhocih, a oopaabi, kotopmmh jth 1 C m. o S c t o m : Galperin I.R. An Expeuiment in Supeilinear Analysis. - Language and Style, 1977,N I,v. 4. Cm.: VoAbtttpuH H,P. HH^opMaTHBHOcn. eoim n nauka. M., 1974, c

84 njxamerbi -flbneww HaoSpaxcaioTCH. nonyxaeich KaK 6w ABHxceme xapak rephcthk UpH OTHOCHiejIbHOft CiaTHWtOCTH O&beKTa, KOTOpblfi, OJIHaKO, TOMte noflbepxeh npocrpahctbehho-bpemchhbjm mmeheuhkm. OGpaanaa KOreaHa oco6 ekho ietko npoaanaerca b noanmecichx npoh3beflehhax k BecbMa pac* nnbibqato b npoh3beaehh«x np03amecichx. Oahbko a m Toro mto6 m flcuee npencrashtb ce6e cyiuhoctb Koreauu, ocyinecrbjiaemoii cpeacibamh o6pa3hocth, h>okho yxoihhtb repmhh pa3hoctb, KaK OH nohhmaetca B 3TOH pasoie. B iihcto JiHHTBKCTmecKOM n n w e o6pa3hocn> - n o aabikoboe cpeqcibo BomtomeHHB KaJtoro-ro accipakthoro nohstiw b KOHKpeiHbix npenmeiax, OTJiemwx, npoueccax nehctbhtenbhocih, h Hao6opoT, k3khx*to k o h k perabix npegmerob hjih nohxihh b ascrpaicthbix mm b qpyntx KOmcperHbix iiohxthhx. 3thm flocthraeich kbobhoc BocnpHBTue coosukkhh, npinem b 3aBnchmocih o t KOHTeKcra 10 oaho, to flpyroe BoenpHxme npebajinpyer, He b h - techflb eonpobohcauomee. Tanoe nohhmahhe ofipaahocth Moxcer SbiTb pac* npocrpaheho, c Hauieft tobkh 3peHHH, h Ha o6pa3hocib b nmeparypobea- <teckom acnekie. B kohik kohkob, o6paa OHerHHa noaiomy h HBJiaercH o6pa- 30M, 1IO OHB KOHKpeTHOM BOfWOIAeHHH (repoe ti03mbl) BblABHHei HeKHfi a6- crpaktkbifi th h pyccxoro MonoAOro aenobeka H3 ABopHHCKoft cpeflbi Havana XIX Bena. Pa3yMeeTCfl, o 6p a3 jihtepaxyphoro repoa H em aa oiowflecrbjian. c aabi- KOBbIM 06pa30M. 06lUHM, KAK MHe npeflciabjiaetch, HBJIHeiCfl JIHlUb 4>aKT asciparnpobahhh. OAHaKO cnocos bi, b h a b i h c p eacib a ascrparhpobahhh o r K O H K pentoro. a rakbce KOKKpeTtoaiout a6ctpakthoro BecbMa cymecibchho o t - JIHBafOTCH. 06paa - 3to 4»pMa xyaoxcecrbehhoro o 6 o6 mehhoro BocnpHama AeftCT- BHiejIbHOCTH B BHfle KOHKpeTHOTO, HHAHBHAyaABHOrO BBJieHHa (H.H. K o h - AaKOB, ). Taxoe BocnpHarae Bcerna cysaekihbho. H jiaxte nphbbihhbie, xojunihe o6pa3hbie Bupaxcemui He jnmietibi HHAHBHAyaJibHO-TBOpaecKoro ocmmcjiehhh. B 3t o h c b h 3h npoaojdky AHTauHio H it. KoHaaKOBa: Ha npouecc <tiopmhpobahkfl o6 pa3a oxa3ubaet b b h b h h c cy&bekt, ero 3HaHHe h oribit ( h TBOpqecKoe BOoCpaxceHHe. - M S.). Pa3 b o s h h k h y b, o 6paa MoaceT b cbok> OBepenb OKaauBaTb b jih h h h c Ha npouecc flanbheftiiiero noshahhh h npeogpaaobahhh MHpa qenobekom. OmeiibHwe ofipaaw pa3bhbaiotca He toj«>k o noa BosneftcTBHeM o&teicihbhoro MHpa, h o h b peaynbtate BaaHMHoro b a k h h h r o a h h x ofipaaob Ha apyrhe o6pa3bi. 06paa HeMbiciiHM 6 ea paabep- TWBaHHa. nockojibxy xybctbehhoe BoenpHame orpaiuneho oahofi-hbyma CTOpOHaMH HBAeHHH O&beKTHBHOfl ACHCTBHTCJIbHOCTH, OHO HOCJieAOBaTejIbHO paaaeptbibaetca s k c o a h u h t h o h a h xauie h m iu ih u h th o. Bbime ykaawbajiocb, BTO XapaKTepHOH OCo6 chhoctb» Taxoro BOOnOmeHHH-paiBepTblBaHHH h b jih - eica ABOHCTBeHHOCTb BocnpHHTHA o6 paaa. ABcrpaKffloe h KOHKpemoe co* cymectbytor b oopaae. O a h o nkiiib lybcisehhoe, KOHKperaoe BocnpuHiHe 6e3 oohospemehhott coothecetthocth c a6 ctpakuheii jmuieho o6pa3hocth. Taxoe paabhrae obpaaa hoa BOSfleficrBHeM Apyroro ospaaambiyxcenokaaanh nyiemahanh3a paaswehiw Ha ODE omejibhbjx crpo<t( cntxoxbopehha UlenAH * 06naKo.CBH3b Me)KAypaanH<iHbiMHo6pa3aMKnpeACTaBJieHa bo BpeMeHHbix h npocipahctbehhbtx napameipax, npmem b KaxcAoH cipo<l>e phcymtcx paanw1!- Hue KOHKpeTHbje BonnoiuenHfl agctpaicihoro hohhthh o6 naxa. Tax, b nepboh s i

85 e x p o s e o 6j i a x o B o ru io m a e ic s t o b o 6 p a a e n eih iq eb iith u m, t o b o 6 p a 3 e HctiORHHa, n o c b in a io tu e ro Ha aem Juo r p a n, K o ro p w H cpab H H Baercfl c u en o M. B AaHbHeHUtHX CTpo<{>ax h b h x l a c i s x o & ia x o > io n em m H H s e p i o r c S airo u i- MH H nonaem ejibem, B KOTOpbIX COOTBeTCTBCHHO HaXOflATCB MQHHHH KOpM- MHH H rpo M - pbnaiu H H 3BCpb H T. fl. B paccxaae ByHHHa o6pa3hax K oreans yxce Sbuta AacnMHO ynomhhyra. 0 6 p a3 Som hoco 3euta flanee paabhbaeica ofipaaom KOHdeMi6pa. bonee ro ro, onocpenobahho ospaa M ononoro qenobeica b m uraim pe h 6enOM xaum e cuenjien c o 6u ih m oimcahhem npa30hhmhoh armoc()>epbt Besepwero IiapHxca. Pa3BHTHC x a p a K te p a nepcoh axca b jih iepat yph o-xynoacecib eh H O M t e x c r e lak x ce m o jk h o paccm arph B at b k s k x o re a H io o S p a a K o ro n n a n a, n o c x o n b x y a n e c b pa3bepn>ibahhe o G p aaa h o c to a h h o C B aaw B aetca c conocrab neh H em as ct paict H oro m ita, Jie a c a u te ro b o c h o b c coanah HH fla m io ro o6 p a3a. B M ecre C TOM H«o6xOflHMO HMCTb B BH fly, TO) KOHKpeTHOe B XyflOXCeCTBCKHOM npoh3- BefleHKH He r a x jie n c o c o o t h o c h t c s c ag crpaxt H bim, k 8k s t o H M eer M ecto B H033HH, H COSCTBeHHO B n033hh JIHpHBCCKOH, TSSg CHMBOJ1H33 UH H H W eis ^O - phaauhb npoh H3bJBamT n 60/ibmnHCTBe c jiy s a e Becb t c k c t. HcKCKyuieHHbiH orraienb 3 a ia c ry io He c n o co S eh o T O p B an ca o t BneHaxneHHH p e a n b H o c ra n p o - h c x o jv u k h x cosbithif h peaxtbhocth cym ecib O BaH H A nepco H axteft h n o cien ch H o BOBJieKaeTCH b nobcctbobahhe x a x H ao m oflatenb, a H H orna h ' coyqacthhk, 3 t o BCcbMa o u ty ih M o b s p a M e, x o r n a t c k c t npeflctab neh cu em rieck H, T.e. b le a T p e. C ooih o u ieh H e K O H K peth oro o S p a a a h a b c rp a x T H o ro iio h a th h (o 5 o 6 m e H H o ro n u i a ) BecbM a p a a n o o S p a a H o H H T epnperh pyercfl xph TnxaM H h T ek cio n o ra M H xyaoxtect B C H H oro npohsbeaehha. IIp H ah araw e T e x c ia npoh cxoflh T pa3noxceh H e u e n o c rh o ro Ha e r o cocrab A JU ouote, k ana T o ro s t o 6h BCKpbtTb coflepxcaiejibh o-xoh uent yajibh yk i H H ^ p M a io n o T e x c ra, x p n - t h k nbiraetch p n flo M aprym ehtob n o x a 3 a T b, KaK s t o c o o n io u ie H K e p e a ju u y - e r c s b o ifle n b H b ix lact H x npohsbeaehha h npohsbenehha b nejiom. T o jib k o nph nom OutH c x y p n y n e s H o ro a H a n ra a <)x>pm o C p a a n o ro H3o6p a - HCeHHH fleftctbhtejlbhocth MOXCHO ir p o c n e /u m X apak Tep o6pa3hoh KOreOHH T ek cia. K KOM no3hhhohho-ctpykryphwm 4>opMaM K oreah H o t h o c a i c a b n e p - B yio o s e p e n b TaxHC, K O io p b ie H apym aw T nocneflo B aienbh O cib h n o r m e c x y io o p rah H 3 aio n o coofiuieh H A b c a k o t o p o fla OTcrynneHHAM H, B crask am H, BpeMCH- HMMH HAH npoctpahctbchhwmh OnHCaHHAMH HBJieKHH, cofib] THM, flehctbhh, He- HOCpeflCTBeHHO He CBHaaHHblX c OCHOBHOfl TCMOH (cioacetom) nobecibobah h h. TtK H C H apym eh H A, npepbib&h ochobhyw jih h h io nobectbobahka, H H o raa npeflctabaawt c o G o h BTOpoit iuiah c o o 6 uiehha. K o m h o 3 h u h o h h o - c tp y K iy p H b ie (popm W c a e n n e iu ia n o n o 6H u M O H iam y xyck O B iu ic h k h b <phjn>- M ax, r u e x a x H e-to BOCOOMHHaHHA, B io p w e n n a H u " c o o G u ib h h a BpbiB atoica b nocneflo B atenbh O cb A aah H ue x a flp b i. B HHxepecHOfi c ia ib e B.B. HBanoBa "K axeropha BpCMCHH b H cxyccrb e h KynbType X X Bexa** paccm aiph BaercA npoetcihbhoctb A H teparyph oro T ex cia, T.e. n u n e fth o e nob ectb O B araie, y n o p afloseh H O e b o B pem em t. 3 n e c b noxaaah bi nphahhhooieflctbehhbie CBA3H H flpyrme aabhchmocth H HCnpOeKTHBHOCTb tekcta, T.e. cnoao io c nepennereh H e atihaoflob, onhcahhh, paam bounem ifi, He CBHaaHHbix jihhehho (B 3. HaaH OB). T ex cro B t b k o t o p o n a m ookho nph- 82

86 B ecth MHoxcecTBo - pomahm <l>ojikhepa, A w o ftc a, B o n H e ry ra, B e n a, p o M a n 4>eflHna T o p o q a h ro flb i» u p. O c o S e m io x a p a K re p e n b 3 to m oraouieh H H pom att B o H H ery ia " B o h k k HOMep rw n>, b k o t o p o m c o S b t n u b n p o c rp a H c t- BeHHOM h BpeMeHHOM OTHOiueHHBX T ax n e p e iu ie re H M, i t o KoreaMH enb a y ra fljjb a e tc B. B KaKOH-to ct e n e iw HenpoeKTHB H o cib m oxcho nph3hstb T H n o jio rm e c K o fi n e p to if nh iepaty p H O -x y flo afectb eh K b ix rekctob. T p y a H O H a im i x y aoxcecrb eh - H oe npoh 3B caeh H e, a a HCKJiioneHHeM, nojk an y fl, HanHcaHHwx b M CM yapuo- jutebhukobom xcahpe, r n e He H a ftn o a a n o c b 6w CM em enhe p a a n irih b ix ruiauob nobectbobahhb h r a e cueim eh H e He g b u io 6bi p eajm ao B ah o " 'ip e a n o - jio c h o. CKaiKoo6pa3HOcib, npepbibhctoctb, HeaanporpaMMHpOBaHHOCTb, cnynahhoctb, OecnopanonHOCtb - HeorbeMJieMbie ieprw x o o h h. JlmepaTypHoxyfloxcectBeHHoe npohsbenetthe, k sk Bciucoe npoh3benehne HCKycctBa, cipem h i c b nofcasaib xonhb b ee paajnthhux npoh b j i c h h a x, h cama 4>opMa, b j u h h o m cnynae, ocyuiectbjuemax KOMno3HHHOHHO-cipyKTypHMMn BHoaMH Kore3KH, crahobhtcfl ee anekbathum BbipaxcetnieM. 3necb jierxo m o x c h o ybhaen cootbetctbhe <}>opmbi h coaepxcaiom, nto nopoft c ipynom paanuvaercx b apythx 4»opMax peajth3aithh conepxtatnut. AHaJlH3Hpyfl KOMn03HKHOHHO-CtpyKTypHbie (]>OpMbl KOre3HH, MW KOCHy- nhcb p * a a n p o S n e M, He HMeiomHX H en o c p e n c T B e m to ro othouiehhfl k n p eo M ex y H a& nofleh iw. 3 t o HeH36e * H o, C am a n p o & ie M a k o t c 3MH i p e 6y e t T m a ie n b H o ro paccmotpehhh KOMHOHeHTOB, KOTOpbte CUeiUieHbl B TOM HJIH HHOM BHfle. M o x c et B03HHKHytb BOHpOC, HBJIHeiCH J1H KOMll03HIlHOHHO-CTpyKTypHaH KOTC3HH rp am M aim ec K o ii K a ie ro p n e ft te i e c t a. B eab a n a l o r o k t o S h K atcoe-to XBJieHMe MOXtHO 6 bljio Ha3BaTb rpammhthmeckhm, OHO flojdkho o 5 n a fla rb onpenenem tm M H (]>opmajibhumh nph3nak am H. KaKOBN a<e 3 t h $opm ajibh bie c p e a c tb a? HaM npeactabjixetch, <tio b KOMno3HttHOHHo-crpyK rypnbi x 4>opMax k o t c - 3 h h anorhheckoro m a sa, HanpHMep b (JwpMax accokhathbkoh Kore3HH, cpeactba c b b 3h m oskho onhcatb, BBeqH oohxthe Hyju". B icaxcaom cjiynae ipe 3nojiocimbi m o jk h o MbicneHHo ce6 e npencraahtb cnoba h Bbipaxcemw, KOTOpbie normeckh cbh3a/ih 6u paapoahekhbie KycKH nobectbobahhh, HanpHMep: ore/ieko/icb o r tcm m u3aoxcehua, rtepexodx k d p y zo u jiu h u u noeecreoeah wt, MHe s to HanoMitmer, napa/iaaibho c stum, e d p y to e epemx, 8 dpyiom Mecre, m om ho y c M o r p e n nodogue npoucxodjttyeeo. O c ta e tc H paccm O tpet b cth JiH C im eck H e h ph tm H K O oc paayiom H e < opmw K o re3hh, K o to p b ie b o M H orom nepennetaio TCfl, K ak, B n p o ie M, h B b iu ieo m t- cahhbie. C n u racth n ec K H e <J)opMM K o re a w t BbiH B Juuoicfl b ta k o R oprah H - 3aiiH n tek C Ta, b K O iopo H CTfuntCTmtecKHe o c o 6e H K o c m nocjien o B arejib H O nob iopntot C H b c ip y K x y p a x C ^ E h a S a a q e B. H fle H n ro io c T b c ip y K i y p B c e rq a n p e o n o n a r a e r nek O TO pyio, a m to r a a h o q em. B o n b m y io c r e n e iu, c e M a iin n e c - KOH 6HH30CTH. EcJIH B OftHOM agaaqb tek C Ta M U HBXOqHM C T pyk T ypy, k o to * p y io MOxcHO onpeqejih T b k b k pa3beptubakhttytoch o t npk W H bi k c jie n c tb in o, to ra K o e xce p a a B e p ib ib a m ie c T p y K iy p w b o B io p o M h jih b ip e rb e M a B sau e (o ip w B K e ) S y n et o iv io h n a 4> PM K o re a im. To xce m oxcho C K a a a n h o cjiynajix H e n o jm o ro n ap an n en H 3 M a C T p y icry p : o a a w H a x h b y x h 6o n e e ot* peakob T ek cra. T ak, H anph M ep, 3aMeneHO, *rro 6H6nHorpa4iH<iecKHe acce 83

87 Maico/iea xapakiepmyiotch QnHOtHRKUM noptpoehhem nepboro npennoxcewu KSaKfloro H3 nocnenyuim tx asaaoeb, a hm chho: cjioxchoaoathhehhoe npeano Bceme, b KoropOM n p iv taro w o e cymmapwo n ep eaaer coaepxcamie n p e a u a y m ero afiaaaa, a rnabhoe n peaciab Juer co6oft pem atmeckyto q a c ti, paabep TWBawmyiocH b nocjieayioinhx npeanoxcehhjix. B ibkom noctpoehhh tc o r a iu ocymectbjmcrcx He to jiu k o nekchko-neph^pacnneckhm cpeacreom (npn flaicwhoe, nepeaaiotaee coaepxcahhe npefluiecrbyjom ero afisaua), ho k chh TaKTHKO-CTH/tHCTHMeCKHM. ilame Bcero jto cpeacrbo peajnoyeich nphemom napajuiejunma, T.e HHfleHTHHHOCTMoCTpyKTyp npeanoxcetuoi.ccde h a63aueb. Pa3yMeeicH, tana* WeHnnHOCTb crpyictyp BOcnpHHHMaercH Jiimib nph KOHraKTHOM Hcitonne hhh, xoth Huoraa HfleHnTMoctb moxcho 3aMCTHTi> h nph HHciaHTHofi pea jduauhh. B raxhx cnynaax Koreans npocjiexckbaetca npn ixomowh ciaiucth- 4CCKHX MeiOflOB. npocteftiueh cthjutcnneckoh Koreanefl hbjihctch npttem xmsma. HopaaoK CJieaoBamui npeanoxcemih b oahom C4>E (a6aaae) HHBepmpOBaH no oihchnehhio k npeatwymemy Him nocneaywiaeiviy. 3 TOT npaem HHorna peajuoyerch h b 6onee K pynnux orpc3kax BbiCKa3biBaHjw. TaK, ecnh b oahom orpe3ke pasbeptbibahhe coo6mekh«npoxoawio or nphwhht k cneacibkto. a b caeayiouiem 3a hhm oipe3ke ox cjieactbha k nphwhe, to hxhhho npnem XHa3Ma, T.e. OflHOH H3 4>OpM CTHJtHenWeCKOH KOre3HH. K 3thm 4>opMaM KoreaHH othochtch TaKxce onpeaenehhoe nobiopem ie oan oro h to to xce ciwihcrhheckoro nphema (cpabhehtta, 3Juno3tm, Meiacpop w ), ecjih ero ochoba ToxcaecrBeHHa, a cpopmbi p e w n w a m paahwe. HaxoHeo, phtmhkoo6pa3ynmhe cpopmbi icoreahh. 3th (JyopMBi rpyahee Bcero noaaafotca Bocrrpfwnoo. Ohh nubkbim o6pa30m rbhxiotch aoctohhhem noaahh. EcTecTBeHHO npeanonoxchtb, hto laiaie hbjichhs, kbk M dp, ah* xcam6mah, ph$ma, cnyxcat He tojimco uejwm,npeaonpeaenehhmm njus hhx camofl 4>opMo«noannecKHX npoh3beaehha, ho hbjuhotch cpeqciaamh Koreshh. Koraa b cibxotbopehhh nohbjutetch anxcam&hah, oh cnyxcht fuw xoro, hto 6m xechee cbh3atb a»e cneaytoiuhe apyr 3a apyrom ctpokh. T o xce npohcxoaht, npmem 3HaHHieJibHO 3aMeTHee, Koraa «Be crpo^w cbh- SblBatOTCH 3THM phtmhkochhtakchheckhm IipHeMOM. KoreSHX B T3KHX CJiy- Haax BUflBJinercH b yckopehkh TeMna, b cokpamehhh nayaw, oommho bw3m- BaeMOH HJieHeHHCM noanneckhx npoh3beaehhh. XapaKiepeH npnem K oresrot, ynomahyxwft h smh b npoaecce ahanh3a cthxotbopekh* PoO epra <Dpocra "S to p p in g by W oods on a S now y E vening (c 8 0 ). K oreatw oomhmo ap y n rx cpeacib ocyiuectbjifletc* aflecb nnofce CBoeo6pa3HOH cxemoh ph$ m o bkh : M aaba / bbcb / cede t dddd

88 K»k bhqho iis 3ioh cxcmw, Kaxenaa cipoipa HMeet b CBoeM cociabe (b ipetbefi ctpoke) pm)>my, K o r o p a a n o o x B a t b i B a e i c B, k o k B enym aa, b K m - zioh cnenyiom ed cxpo<pe. H enaaa He a a M e n m, h id i a n a a opraiooam M phtm h- K O n J l O H e i H ' i e C K O f t CTOpOHbl CIHXOIBOpeKHa CJiyHCHT (popmoh K O r e 3 H H OTflejIb- Hbix c r p c M p, XapaKTepHBiM h bjw ctch h t o t (Jmikt, r t o b a e r B e p T O i i c i p o $ e jt oro CTHxoTBopeHHH cxema ph4>mobkh HapyiueHa. BbiDOfl HanpauiKBaeTca c a M co6or: n a c i p c K p a nocnenh aa, OHa aabeputaer u h k j i h nostomy He Hy** n aerca b "ck penax, hhmmh cjiobim h, s ry CTpo<py He c m * c tie n n a n. K phtmhkoogpaayioiiihm <popm8m cnenneuha moxgho oth«cth TaioKe h tbk HaaMBaeMyio BHyrpeiuooio pwpmy. B yxce nrntpobamiod noame Snrapa n o, B KOTOpOft npenctabikh BOCbMHCTOnHblfl xopefl, HMeeTCH BHytpeHHHfl pmpma b KaKAOH CTpoKe, oa euie nonxbaiaihaa BHytpH Kaxcaoft H3 nocne- AyKHUHX crpok. CxeMy ph$ mobkh mojkho H3o6pa3HTb cnenyiouthm o6paaom; *(R,)...*(R,> < *,) -.b(r,> KaK bhhho H3 JTOft cxeww1, Kaacnaa CTpOKa hmcct KpoMe BHyrpeKHeft pwpmm etue h KOHCwyio, Koiopaa cama no ce6e HBiweicH cpeactbom Kore- 3HH. Bo Bceft nocme tb k as pntpma n rpaei piitmhkoodpaayiomyio h cemahthkoahaihmyio po/tb. PHTMHKooCpasyTomaa <popma Korea hh hohth HeyjiOBHMa b np03ameckhx npohsbeaeinuix, nockom>icy cam pntm np03u othochtcb k TaKHM KateropHHM, K otopue mcokho onpenejnm. umpoko mbecihum $pahiiy3ckhm penehhem: 9a ne s explique pas,case sent (s to HeoSaacHHMO, 3ro HyBCTByeTCa). OflHaxo BaxtHue Ha&rnoneinui nan phtmhkoospaaymuthmh 3JieMeHTaMH ckhtakchca n p o su yace cqenahu b pane pasot, cpenh Koxopwx SeccnopHO BunenaeTCH ciatwi akanemhka B.M. XCHpMyHCKoro [B.M. Xnp- MyHCKHg, 1966]. Ecjm b cneayiouwx npyr 3a npyrom otpe3kax BbtCKaabtBaHHH mojkho ybh- Aen> onpenenehhbie chhrakcmeckhe crpyktypw, to hx phimmeckaii oprahh- 3aiUtH MOXCeT 6hlTb nph3haha IpOpMOH KOre3HH. SaKaHHHBaa 0630P cpenctb Kore3HH, He jihuihhm SyneT nphbecm Hec- KOJibKO onpeuenehhd aioro tck cio b o to aanehha, Koropbie m u HaxoflHM y pashux HccJienoBaTenea. XajuiHaefi h Xa3aH b pasoxe Koreaufl B ahrrucfickom aauke TaK onpefle- Jiator 310 nohbthe: Kore3HB (Cohesion) bto Hafiop 3Ha<niMUx oihoiuehhft, KOTOpwfl HBJIHeiCH OOlIJHM him Bcex TeKCTOB, KOTOpMfl pa3m«aet TeKCT OT HHe-TeKcra h kotopuh cnyxcht cjwhctbom o6«apyx<ehhb B3anM03aBncnMoc th coqepacauhx OTflejttHbix oxpe3kob. Korean* He BbMBimei (does not con' cem ), hto coo6maer tekcr; OHa BbMBiuer, ksk tckct opram sob ah a ce- MaHrmecKoe uenoe (semantic edifice) [M. A X. Halliday, Rugaiya Hasan 26]. B 3tom onpenenehhh HHTepecHa nonutka (popmajmaobarb cpenctba Kore 3HH, RpenCTaBHTb HX KaK HCKHe CyiHHOCTH, He CBHSaKHbie HenOCpeflCTBeHHC n p e n c T a B J i e a i M c x e M a o a n a 6 ta y< t en nmpphxttee, cnohfleeb h p m M i n e c K H X HHBepcHit. 3hs<k>k R o o 6 o 3 H m e r o th OBHyio, K O H e r o y i o p x ^ M y b t r p o x e ; 3 h s m k h R,, R 4 - BHytpeHHHe pmpmbi. 85

89 c coaepwatm em. IlonyTHO 3aMe>iy, n o B 3toS pas oie Bee * e MHoroe jumo b ruiamc mhcto rpam M arm eckom, i.e. om ocxm em cx k CTpyxrype npenno*e* h h a, a He TeKcta. K TOMy ace TaKaa chciema cbhsh yace xopouio paapafxm na, a SKCTpanonflmiH s th x cpenctb b 6oJiee KpynHbix orpeak ax b MCKaabiBaHHa, ab Topw He flenaiot. nphb«hy lakhce MblCHb Kb. KoWeBHHKOBOH OTHOCHTOIbHO Tex cpencib O&benHHCHHH pa3p03hehhblx HaCTCH, KOTOpbie CO3Qai0T TCKCT B OTJlOTHe OT He*TeiccTB*. C fl03hpobkoh HHipopMauHM h cermehiaiiheh ee no BpeMetihoA k npocrpahctbehhofi ochm nobecibobahhh tccho CBnaaK h citoco6, nph nomomh K oroporo coflep*ahite npeqciabneho kbk cbhshoc. IlpH cosjnonekhh osbckihbiioh cermehtaiwh B TeKcre m o*ct npeognanaib nphhtqui JIHHeHHOH CBH3HOCTH COnepXCUHHH, COTnaCHO KOTOpOMy fleacr- BHTenbHocTb npencrabjieha b Bitne nocneflobatenbhoa ueroi aeficrahfi, hb- JieHHH, MbICJieH, 3M0UHH H T.fl., KaKHM-TO o6p830m BblTeKaiOUlHM flpjt H3 npyra hjih BsaHMooCycnoBnKBawtKHXCfl * [Kb. KaxceBHwcoB, 307]. Ha 3toA inrrath bhqho, 4to MHoroe, oco3hab»emoe KaK cnoco6 w Korea kh, eme He o6vekthbhpobano (xapakrepho anecb BbipaxceKHe KaKHM-To oopaaom"). B HacTOAtueft rnabe cnenam nonunca tth cnocooti KOHKperHaHpOBan b toh Mepe, KOTopaH npencrabjixetcb bo3mo>kho8 b pe3yjn.taie HaOiuoneHKH Han SoJIHlIHM KOJUfteCTBOM TeKCTOB, pa3hhx no CBOHM THnonorateCKHM oco6 eu- HOCTHM. B nocnejmee BpeMx m hothb HaSjnoneHHH Han ranamh Koreami noponwih TepMKHbt, KOTopbie Bee xce rpynimpyiotcx BOKpyr npo&iembi cbh3h Mexcny otnenbhumh npennoxcehhhmh h He aatparhbaiot, aa ttckmohckhem penkhx cnynaeb, Korestra 6 onee KpynHbix oipeakob bw ckasbtbahhh. flpeccnep npeonaraer, k b k m oner 0 6 3tom XeHnpmcc, repmhh "cemahtiweckaji ana<popa h ana HJunoCTpaiom nphboqhr cnenyiomidt nphmep:! walked through a park. The trees w ere already green. In a b irc h th e re w a sa beautiful wood-pecker (ft rynnn b napke. AepeBbx y * e 6mjih 3eJiera>ie. Ha 6epea- Ke citnen xynechbib am en ) [Hendricks W.O., }. y * e ynomahyrue XanJUiaeA h XtaaH b b o ru t repmhh y3en (tie ) m & BblaBJleHHH CBH3H MeXCfly MeCTOHMeHHeM H npenmetom, K KOTOpOMy OHO OT- HOCHTca; repmhh "K aiaipopa (c a ta p h o ra ), b npoihbononowhoctb TepMKKy aha4>opa (an ap h o ric re la tio n s ), KOTopbiM onpenenaetch orhoinchhe nsyx oobmho cme*hbix nonoxceiath, CHTHaJDOHpyeMOe nboetovtem, ochobhoh 4>yHKnHeft K o roporo, no hx MHemao, HBJutercx npocnek inta bm ck asnbamm [M.A.K. Halliday, Rugaiya Hasan, 3-4,1 7 ]. HeKotojHiie HccnenoBarenH cnpab ennnso aameaajot, n o Kore3H«no cboeft cyuihocth He i t o HHoe, KaK onha H3 <popm npecynnomuhh, nockonbky OHa aarne acero o th o c h t W Tarena k TOMy, n o 6w /io cicaaaho pahbiue. B 3tom othotus hhh Kore3HH nepeiaihkaetcb cnpyro H KaTeropneft rekcta - petpocnekthbhoctblo (06 3TOM C M. HHBCe), OflHSKO He OTOJKneCTBJIJieTCJl c neh. KpoMe ro ro, Kore3H«aBnaeTca oahhm hs cpencrb ocyuiectbnehhh hhrerpauhh1 1 Cm. rnaay IX. 86

90 rilaba V KOHTHHyyM Kareropiw KOHTHHyywa h xarerophn Korea, a Tucxre <uiehehhe TeKcra Baammoo 6ycn obb ehbi k gonojihkiot Apyr gpyra. KareropHa KOHtHHyyMa KenocpegcraeHHO CB*3aHa c nohsihbmh BpeMeHH h npocipahctba. CaM repmhh KOHTHHyyM 03Hantaer HenpepMBHoe o 6paao- B3HH«qero-To, i.e. HepacwieHeHHbifi h o to k nbh*ehha bo BpeMeHH h b npo- CTpaHCTBe. OflHSKO ABHHCeHHe BO3M03KHO npoahanh3hpobatb TOJlbKO B TOM cnyaae, ecbh npftocraifobhib ero h ybhgerb b paanoxcehhbix qacthx HHCKpeT- Hue xapaktephcthkh, Koropwe bo BaaHMogeScTBHH coagaiot npegcrabnehhe o ABHHceHHH, TaicHM ofipasom, KOHTHHyyM kbk KaTeroproo to k ctb moxcho b camwx o 6ihhx aeprax npegcrashtb ce6 e k b k onpegenehhyio nocnegobatejjbhocrb ijmktob, co6 b«rhh, paabeprhrbaiomhxca bo BpeMeHH h npocrpahctbe, npnqem paabeptbjbame co6 n tk h npoiekaer He ogtataicobo b paahbix xraax tck cto b, BpeMeHHwe h npocrpahctbehhtie napamerpbi xygoacectbehho ro rekcra xapgh- HanbHo otjihnawich 0 1 Tex, xotopbie m h hbxoahm b npyrax nm ax tck cto b. CosgaBaa MHp BOo6paxcaeMbrii, MHp, B KOropoM geitctbyiot BbiMHiiDieHHwe JiKiia h b fionbuihhctbe cnyqaeb b ycnobhom npocrpahctbe, abiop bojich cxch- MBTB, paciuhphtb, 0 6 pklbarb H BHOBb npogcuihcatb BpCMH nefictbhh H npocrpanctbo b yrogy aapahee orpahmehhoh cogepacaten bho -(paxryanbhoh hh- 4>opMaQHH. XpoHonorHMecKaa nocnenpbaienbuocrb co6m thh b xygoacectbehhom rekere Bciynaer b npontbopeqhe c peanbhbim reqemtem BpeMeHH, kotopoe, noomhh*acb aamucny abtopa, jihiub coagaet hiuho3hk> BpeMeHHbix h DpOCTpaHCTBeHHMX OTHOlIieHHH. Rax o6pa3 B XynOXCeCTBeHHOM npoh3benehhh JTHUib nogofine, THJiHaaiuta whbofo nporoihna, tbk BpeMH H npocrpahctbo npegcrabjiehbi b HeM mtiiib b cbohx ntnhaeckkx npohbjiehhax. H hmcio b bhgy CMCHHOCTb h ycjiobhocrb ososhaqehhjt hx eghhhg: qac, Mfutyra, yrpo, se- Kp, Mecmi, rog, pahbiue, itoaxce, yxce h ap., a taioke: ganexo, 6jih3Ko, 3a roph3oht0m, BblCOKO, HH3KO ft g p. ICoHTHHyyM xygo*ectbehhoro T excta ochoban oswhho Ha Hapyuiehhh peanbhot nocnegobarea buocr h co6 mthh. HHbtMtt cno&amh, KOHTHHyyM He ofihaatcjtbho o6ecnemhbaetch nhhchhoctbio H3JioxceHHB. nepeiuierehhe BpeMCHhmx nnahob nobectbobahhh npegoirpegejw er h qnehehhe orpeaxob rex cra. Hauie coshahhe Htuer onopy b peanbhom npoabjieisth BpeMeHHoro KOHTHHyy- Ma. *lem xaottontee npegcrasjieh a Cfia3b co&mthh bo BpeMeHHOM h npocrpan- CTBeHHOM orhohjdhhbx, rem Tpygttee BOcnpHHHMaerca cama cogepwareiibho- KOKuetnyanbHaa HH^opMawta npohsbegehhtt. XapaxrepHo b 3tom othouichhh yxce ynomhhyroe npohssegefthe BoHHeryra "E ohhh HOMep natb. IlapagOKcanbHo conpaxcehbigba MHpa - peanbhbwh BooSpaxoeMbrit - Ape3gen h tuiahera Tpanb<j>aMagop. B uecxonbkhx crpokax, npegtuectbyiouihx pomauy, abtop npegynpextgact thtarena: " 3 t o t p O M a n o n a e n i H a m t c a H b c n e r x a r e n e r p» t M,KCKti-tiBtx>4>peiaiqecKOM crane, k > k nniuyr h * luunere TpanwtnMaoop, otkyoa noxbjuocrrca n m n u p t e Gnrntua. MHp. 3 thm npegynpextgehhem nhcatenb KaK 6m nogrotabjihbaet qhrarena x BoaipHHTHio cnoxchoro, anoraaeckoro (iuh3o4>pehhaeckoro) cntna hsjio- *ehhh. 87

91 B nepbofl rnab e BoH H eryr Hacioic'MBo nobtopxer ctiobo deucteure/ibh o HJ7H CHHOHHMfPOtbie CMy BbipaxceHHn: ",.. n o i m s e e n o n p o H a o w n o «a c o m o m d e n e. B o b c h k o m c jiy x a e n p o B oflh y r y r n o v r n n e e n p a n d a.... n d e u e re u r e n b H O c b e a n h jt k H em y u r o c n c. Ha npotjdkehhh Bcero pomaha nbe j i h h h h itobecrbobamtn nepemexcatorcn, h o Kaxcoan Ha h h x HMeer CBoe npoaonxcehhe. Oaaxo camo npoaonxceruie no* BeciBOBaHHH h o c h t npepbibhctbih xapaxiep, i.e. ochobnoe ycnobhe k o h t h - HyyMa HenpepMBHocTb 3flecb x ax 6m He BbtnonHxeica h ABHXcemte npeaciae i b pacnnehehhom BHne. Bance b oraenbhux npeanowehhax m o x c h o BcipetHTb paapbibbi nocnenobaienbhocth, HanpHMep: "Tyr kto*to cwimio notpnc Ehjoth moh npocuync*. Ehtow boo eure Sun n u n h see ewe amuicx wa-ia yxpaaehhoro pynx. Ho Tyr oh chobs 0Ka3*ncx bo Biopofl mhpoboh BottHe, b w n y y HeMueB. Tpxc ero PoniHn Bhph" (97). n p ennoxceh H e Ho r y r o h choba o K a s a n c n b o B io p o fl m h p o b o h b o h h c b w * p w B a e i w ia T e n H H3 nocneaob aieabh O C T H c o S w n tfi h c i a a u r e r o n e p e a He* 0 6 X0 AHM0 CTbK> KBK-TO CB J& atb ABB JlOnw eckh HfiCOB MCCTHMblX COoG- UICHHH. H b3jijt p a 3 H T e n b H b i t i n p H M e p f l H C K O K T H H y y M a A n n r o r o, i t o 6 w n o K a 3 a i b H a p e 3 K o o n e p n e H H u x p a a p u B a x n o B e c i B O B a H H x c B H 3 b n ay x ctoxceihbix ; ih hhh. B 3 t o m p O M a H e < i p e 3 n o n o c H u a H 3 n o w e H H n n o n y n a e t ymbiuuiehho <J>aHiaciH- r e C K o e B o n n o m e H H C. U p o c n e a H T b K O H T H H y y M, x a a a n o c b 6bi i p a A H i m o H H o o 6 H 3 a i e n b H b m a a h n H T e p a i y p H o r o n p o H 3 B e a e H H H, ' m i a i e n i o n o B o n b H O r p y a n o PaspbiBbi, nepeckokh, ormcahhe KOHKpeiHbix aesctbhh, ocymectbjtaembix oahobpembhho b a s y x npothbocioaiahx MHpax, se e 3io 03aaanHBaet ero h tpesyeich HanpnxceHHan pa6o ia m m c j i h a n a ro ro, mogbi yena eib b 3 t o m aa- Mbicen nhcaierth. nphbeay nphmep: y n a c Ha T p a n i^ a M a a o p e T enerpam M Her. H o b o h h o m b u n p a B u : x ax c n an r p y n - n a s h s k o b c o a e p x o r r x p a n c o e h bkhchos c o o f iiu e u ie - o n n c a im e K aicoro -H H 6 y ab n o n o - xcehha h jih c ogu t h x. Mm, T p a n b ^ ra M a a o p u u, H w c o rfla He 'w ra e M h x B ee c p a 3 y, n o n p a a. Mexwy m hm m cooguiekhxmu H e r o co C o ft c b x 3 k. x p o w e r o r o, <rro a B to p r u m e n m o o ro O p a n h x r a x, <tro b c o B o tc y n x o c n r o h h m o o t oo u iy ro x a p ih H y x o o h h, n p e x p a c n o f i,»eo x o ta ah H o tt, m y O o K o fl. T i m h c i h h H avan a, h h k o h it*, h h HanpxxceHKOcTH croxcera, h h mo* p a jn t, h h nphkhk. h h c a e a c rb irit. M m jhoo hm b h iu d i x x m r r a x m a s h u m oc paoom rnys H H y M H o n rx q y n e c H U x m o m c h to b, yb H fleh aw x c p a r y, a ozuro h t o w e B p e s ra. B c n e n y w iu K # m h t n e r a io iu e e O ntooue c n e n a n o b b t o k b o BpeM ehh, h EH nnh 6 u n o ro p o m e H n a s a o. b a e r c n i o (113). B 3 t o m OTpwBxe aah KJiioq k nohhmahhio t o h MSHepbi nwcbma, ro ro cnenn, K oiopw ii c&ihxcaeicn c <J>opMOH HanoxceHHn, xapakrephoii a n a ia x HaabiBae* Moro n o io x a co3hajihfl. TeHaeHAHn pa3noxchib HenpepbiBHOcib Ha oiaenbh ue MOMeHTbi abhxeehhn npohbjiaercn b o b c h k o m AHTepaiypHOM npoh3b eaehkh h, Gonee Toro, b o b c h k o m TeKcie. Co6dBenHO robopa, aenem re Ha rnabbi, nacih, rnabkh, o t p w b k h, agsanw, CBepx4>pa30Bbie eahhcisa, o K oiopwx m b i roboproih b rnabe III, ecib He i r o h h o c, KaK paanoxcehhe npouecca, nomoraio* w ee yah aeib cambrir npoaecc b ero cociabnm oiiwx. n p «raxom paanoxcehhh, T.e, npk OCTBHOBKe ABHXCeHHH BHHMaHHe HeBOJIbHO (f^kychpyeich Ha 3THX COCiaBAHWUIHX. TatcHM ogpaaom, h m n p n aaeicn ocogoe, HHorna camoaobneiowee SHaneHHe, 3aocipHJoicH h x (fiyhkiihohan bhbie CBOHCTBa, orrathbawtch

92 hx (JxDpMaribH0'3Ha«iHMbje jnemehtbi. <PopMa oco6ehho aamema KOrna oha KaK Cm o6oco6n«etca ot oonepxcahhh, 6yayqH ojqihctbchhmm coocosom ero BWpaaceHMa. KoHTMHyyM»e Moxcer 6wn. noicaaah b iekcte b ero to ih w x ^opm anuro- BpeMeKKOM h npoctpahctbehhom npothxcehhhx. OcraBaacb no cywectby senpepubhmm b nocnenobatenuioh CMeHe BpeMeroaix h npocrpahctbehhmx 4>a)CTOB, KOHTHHyyM B TCKCTOBOM BOCnpOH3BeneKHH OnHOBpeMeHHO paa6n- BaeiOH Ha otneflbhue sm oonw (tcaopu), ho HajiHHHe KareropHH KoreaHH aaer BoaMoxcHocn. BOcnpHHHMSTb Beck tc k c t khk npopecc. K oraa c Beproneia chkmaeich RBHaceHHe kojiohh abiomocttneft o t aaponpoma no Kpewnx (nph Bcrpeve bu co ko nociab/ichhoh ocosw ), KHHooneparop osmwho (phkcnpyer aattano nyth, HeKoroptie ero xacrh h KOHeu (saean b KpeM na); ikucaaarb o r Haaana no kohus see nbhxceime b ero HenpepaiBHoenf mwwoio Cm HapytUHTb OCUienpHHHTbie HOpMU tene-4>oto HH<t»pMaiIHH. 3 t o HBJieKHe x o p o n to o im cah o y ToMaca M a m a : " O h b ( o w n t t B p e M e w t, n p o n y c u m» i n m p s i y p n e M i i o m c i b o b u m h ) n o n e a K U h e o f i x o A K M U, h 6o u m i o c o B e p u i c H H O H C B 0 3 M 0 K H 0 p a c c M u w t T b * s 3 H b t»k, K a K o n a K o n u - T o pacckiabraant cefia m m o o. K > «M y aro n p r a e n o 0 u 7 3 t o n p u B e n o 6 u k 6eok o m i k k h u 6 u n o O u s u a e s e n o b e t e c w i x o u t. K t o m j w k x 6 u n x o f t u e n u o, t o t H e T o n b K o H H K o r n a x e k o k w j i 6 m, h o o C e a y M e a o r nohpotfhocicft, y e a s 6 u y *» s H a w i e. Ha n p e K p a c H O M n p a a m s u c e n o e e c r a o B U w a h B o c n p o H a s e n e n u i n p o n y c a w H r p u o r B»at- Kyto h H e n p e M e H K y u p o n s ". KoHTMHyyM b ero pa36hemn Ha a iu a o n u - BaxcHaa rpammanoieckax K a TeropHH TeKcra. KpOMe w e io nchxohormeckiix o c h o b sh hs - b o jm o jk h o c t i. h nerkocrb BoenpHHTHx nponecca npn ero neranfuauhh KOHTHHyyM ocecnewhsaer BOOMOXtHOcib nepeaxiiehtyaiihh ornenbhbtx neianeft. n p n nepbom vieh h h TeKCTa Kaxtnbift oipeaok BocnptontMaeTcn b co o tbbtctbhh c KOHKpermiM BpeMCHHUM h npocipahcrbehhnm napamerpamh, BbiaBHraeMhiMH chtyauneh. Ho nph nobtophom ( h tem Gojiee MHOroKparHOM) sieuth KOHKperHOCTb Bpe- MCHHaa h npocipahctbehhah la c io Kcneaaer h u h aarymebmbaeica. Macnj BblCKaablBaKHH CTaHOBHTGH BHeBpCMeHKblMM H B FteilpOCTpaHCTBeHHMMK. Mwcnb k b k 6 m ocbogoxcnaercft o t Bepur k o h k p 0th o c th h npho6peiaex Ha»6onee o6o6mehhoe BbipaxceHHe. TaKHM o fip aao M, m oxcho c n e n a ro n p en n onoxceh H e o to m, <00 KOHTHHyyM - 3t o K ateroph H, o C e c n e w e a io iu a fl KOHKpeiHOcn>, p e a n H C w a to c T b o n H c a m a. rio a io M y BpeM ehhaa h npocrp ah C T B em ah K O H K periioctb b xynoxcecrseh H O M H306paXCeHKH HBJIHCTCH JTHlUb ycjiobhmm V>333eMJleHHeM co n ep x c a te n b H o - 4>aKTyanbH oi HH<popManHH. ripoctpahctbehmjh KOHTHHyyM b xynoxcectbemaix Texcxax 3HavtTenbHo Goaee t o w h, qem BpeMemoH. Teorpa^HHecKHe Ha3saHHs Meets ne&ctbhh h omicahhe s t h x MecT HepeflKO nahm b afieoniotho peanhcnneckom nnaue. A b o t BpeMs HauConee HepeanHcnnecKaa KOHUemiHH. H to TaKoe Bpewa? nhiuet Maxc 5opH. C t o h k h ape h h h <J>H3HKH BpCMB aro He outymehhe ietehkh Bpewem, He c h m b o ii ctahobnehhh h HcxeaHOBeitHa, a c b o h c t b o npoueccob, Koropoe nonnaerch H3MepeHHw, KaK h m h o th c apynie CBOHCTBa [MaKC EopH, 4 I 42J 1 Mann T. HocHCt aero flpanx. 1968, t. 2, c

93 flstik nojib3yerc*y*ebmpa6otahhbimh chhhhusmh ramepemta npoueccob h <ienobek Hcnojib3yeT 3th emumubt b cbh3h c rem, hto hmchho H axonh rca b c$epe ero Ha&itofleHtta h b toh ijxjpine, Koropaa emy Hyxota b nahttoit CHryaitHH h b nahhbix tienax. BpeMeHHOfi KOHTHHyyM MOxceT Eurb BbipaxceH h He yciahobnehhwmm enn- HHUaMH H3MepeHH*. B ahrbhhckoh K amephkshckoh XyflOJKCCIBeHHOfi JIHicpaxype m o ikh o BCiperHTb KOcBemtoe ytcasahhe h i Te'teime spemehhbtx tnpeskob, HBttpHMep, three cigarettes later ftpn CHrapetbi cnycta, tw o w ives later * p p e xehbi cnycta h r.n. MHTepeceH nphmep, b k o to p o m ykaaamte na BpeMemjOH orpesok naho BHe ephhku BpeMesm: Lily Wynton lay bade in her chair, holding in her gloved hand the wide, squat glass, colored brown to the brim. Little Mrs. Murdock lowered her eyes to her teacup, carefully carried it to her lips, sipped and replaced it on its saucer. When she raised her eyes, Lily Wynton lay back in her chair, holding in her gloved hand the wide, squat, colorless glass* (D. Parker. Glory in the Daytime). Thun yhhtoh CHnena, ononrybiiaicb a tcpecne. B pyice, jatnhytoft n nepuanty, ona nepacana lutpoiadt, toncroro creioia G o k v i, o x p a m e H H V u «K o p u v a e e h tu itaer. teuton- Hiraiuefl ero no Kpaen twakocrwo, Manenucan m h cch c MepflOK onytttua earn tut na ua lusty, H3 Koiopotl oita rmnanafl, oorapoamo nonnecns ee k ryt>»m, cnenana Manem>KKB rnot o k, nocrebhjia eauiky Ha Gntojnte h BHOBt>B3ni«Hyna na J Ih jih ymrron. Ta, no -npeacnemy cxuena, otkhkybuihcb b Kpecne. B pytte, aannryioll b nepuaiky, ohs nepacana iuhpokhb, Toncroro crexiu 6okaji coaeputth H O Gtepearnatii', Bmccto T o ro <rro6w npam O c x a a a rb, c ksko h Emctpotoh JIhjih Vhhtoh o c y - u n u ia cb oft 6o K a n it cootbctctbchho y n o rp e B H ib BpCMCHHbie H apeqtta thus cpo3y, MZHoeettHO, Sbicrpo hjih H apeth H o 6 p a 3 a a e fic ib tta, H M etouute apem eh - H yio cem y, r a i t a 3onnoM, o 6 h u m b a o t k o m, a B io p K o c s e H tto a a e T n o H a n ie o B pe- MeHHOM O T p eax e, o n u c w B a a, K ate n p y roii n e pcoh axc - mhcchc M epnoic - i t b e r uas. Ee B p em a o n p e fle J ta e rc a cem atm tk O ii r n a ro n o B h H a p e w fl: lo w e r e d (o n y - c n u i a ), c a r e f u lly c a r r ie d (o c T o p o x ttio n o H H e c n a ), s ip p e d (M ejyieh H o r n u ia ), r e t p la c e d (n o c ra B H J ia H a S m o g n e ),a B pem a JIm /m V k h to h - gb ym a K Jiw teb bimh cjiob&mh : c o lo r e d (O K paiuem tbih ) h c o lo r le s s (EeciiB eth bih ). Tskhm o E p a- 30M, BpeMeftHOH KOHTHHyyM g o n w e H 6b iib p a c K p b ir qh TarejieM o n o c p e n o B a H H a CaMO BpCMii b 3tom npk M epe He HBJineTcn osbektom Ha&noneHHH. Oho CJiyJKHT JIHlllb tpohom, Ha KOTOpOM p a 3 B e p n tb a io T c s coehthh. BpeMettHOH KOHTHHyyM C M S b U taei 3th co6mthh h nph flaet hm r y peanhcthneckyio ocho- B y, K o r o p a a CBoeii ynopagoaeh H O C Tbio npothboctoht x ao itp m o ct H. ripocjieflhm, KaK b flp y ru x t c k c t sx coe m o g aerca B pem antoit h npo- CTpaHcTBeHHbiH KOHTHHyyM. MactHMHO 3 to yace cg en a n o b n p o u ecce ah ajnisa r a a e r a o r o coofim em ta Ilo jie r n p o n o n a ca erc a h paccnaaa EyHH- Ha Un p e t i t a c c id e n t. B p a c c x a3e EyHHHa BpeMeHHOft h npocrpahcibehhbiit acnck tbi npeacrab JieH w b h x n o t i n peajibhow xexehhh: a a x a i - cymepkh - se q e p. <lhtarej)b o u iy m a e r flbttatehae BpeMeHH E n a ro g a p a cboeo6pa3homy nep ennereh too n a c to a u ie ro k n p o u te o in e ro BpeMeH rn aro jio B. T o m o e omtcahhe M ecra K atactpot{)u k cjtryauhh nphaaex BceMy pacctcaay ( k s k yxce E lu io cxa- 3aHo) floctobepnoctb npoh C iuew uero. H Bee xce h m chho cm ena BpeMeHHbix OTpe3KOB, npencrabjiek Haa HeCKOJibKHMH cipoaxam H, c o 3 o aet BHeBpeMeHHoit nnah p a c c x a a a, a orcytctbhe achctbywmhx ju ju ( h m «xcepisbi onyti»eno - otto He h m o ct 3Ha<teHHa) BbinBHraer tta p onb npotarohh cra abtomoewib. 90

94 BpeMettHOH KOHiHHyyM H H orna p e a n m y e ic n b uncrahthom onncah H H n p o - u ecca flbh»cehrb. T s k, b n o B e cih B. K om H ecapob a C r a p w e f lo jim (H obm m MHp, N" ] 1, c. 75) oflhh H3 agaau e B H am m aeic H tok: "Ohh e x a n H Tenept n o JIpueBcKy, MainnHy Tpscno Ha pascmom acctwnbxe. EhjmGhh c HerepnemeM xcnan, noma HiKOHeii non Konec* na*ex mxrrahmu m a n i, HttcTHiyt c k o- n> luocce". flocne jr o ro oxpbibka cnenyiot onncahite ropona 11 BocnoMHHaHna a e y x repoes nobecih, ConoBbeBa H Bttun6Hna 0 6 hx M arib'mtueckhxroaax. flm ub qepe3 neibipe assaua (33 cxpokh) noub nsercn $pa3a "M aimtiia HaKOHea nepecxana xpncxhcb no BbiGoHHaM... K oreaw i, cbh3i> a n ix a»yx oxpe3kob, OflHOBpeMeHHO cnyxmx cpeactbom peanh3auh» KOHiHHyyMa, y HHxaxeiiH 00 3naetcH ouiymehhe BpeMemt, b reieh ne Koxoporo MaimtHa exana no ropony, BpeMH 3 to He yica3aho, h o npocxpahcxbo xekcxa Meway ykaaamtbimh oxpbib- K3MH aanonheifo oiihcahhhmh. tjiem ie 3 t o t o "npocxpahciba ro w e ipesyex BpeMeHH, h o 3io BpeMH CHnoii xynoxcecibehhoro BOsneiicTBHx onocpeaob aah o flaex ttpencxabjiehhe o peanbhom BpeMeHH npoxekahhh neficxbhh. TIpoaHajiH3HpyeM KOHTHHyyM Ha nphmepeyxcepaheeiihxhpobahhohnobecxhtophxoha yaitnflepa Mocx Kopojut JIionoBHKa C b h k h x ). B o x Haiano 3t o h nobecxn: B n o n i K H b b n j r n m u y 2 0 m a n * 1714 r o n a p y x H y n camuf) K p a c H B u n m o c t b H e p y h c C p o a u i b n p o n a c x b currepux n y x H H k q b. M o c t c r o n n B a rophofl n o p o r e Meatfly J I h m o A h K y c K O, h tcwknutt flem. n o H e M y n p o x o n m i H o o th h ittonea. H h k h c n n e m t ero H 3 h b h h - k i Sonbuie seica Hasan, h e ro n o K a s b i B & n K B c e M n p n e 3 * H M * \ f la n blu e o n n cb ib a io x c n m o c x, ero icohcxpykuhh, nb«wehhe moaefi no HeM y h B nenaxjiem ix onebhzmeb K a x a c x p o $ b i. flepea QBa a U3, b K o x o p w x BpeMH ocxahobneho, a B to p choaa B03Bpamaex m m xenfl k c o 6 h x h h m, npo K cm eaiw im 20 HHuiH 1714 r o n a : Tor n o n n e H b - pokoboft nonnein, - G u n 3 h o A h u m, m <Sp»T K t o m e p o c i a H o B H n c s, <no6bi o x e pe i b n o T h m a n i H H y T b «a n a n e i c y n c r e a y c h o k h u x sepuihh, a js t c m b y u e n t e, B U c x n t B H O e t c m h u m o n e p e u H e M 3 e n e n w x n e p e B b e s H aeneitbix t m t n k nepexbaneraioe HBoBott necehkofl... 3 a x e M ero B a r n a n y n a n H a moo t, u x y r ace b s o a n y x e p a a n e c c a ray* c» b d t 3boh, K a K Cyjrro c x p y i w n o n H y n a b He)Mtno(t K O M M t x e, h m o o t ica e ro r na3ax pa3nomhitca, CKHHye nnrb cyerauihxca CyKauteK b nohhity". Toqnoe yka3amie Ha BpeMeHHOH napamexp B nepbom npennoxcemui h Ha npocxpahctbehhbitf - bo BiopoM cosflaex BnenaxneHHe KOHKpeiHoro, peanpho cobepunib uieroch c o S u t h h, d o ocosoe SHaneiDie b 3xo m nobecibobahhh npno 6pexaex npocxpahcxbemibih KOHXHHyyM, Koxopbifl peanh3yexcn b nocneno- BaienbHoM onhcahhh ogcxahobkh, KaK ee b h jih x nepcohaxc nobecxu 6pax KtHHRep. TaKoe noflpognoe onh carae co3naex y quxatenn BmyaitbHoe upeacxasnehhe 06 okpyxcawmeh aehctbhrenbhocxh. Hmchho 3Ta KOHKpexnocxb, orhcahke nexaneii (ycxyn xonma, 3eneHbie nepebbh, senehbie n rn u u, roph aa a o p o ra Mexcay JIh m o h h KycKO h a p ) nenaex BKxaxenH Ha&uoaaxeneM npohcxoflhiuero, nockojtbky BO30yxcaaexero nybcxbemtoe BocnpHHiHe. 3p«- xenbhoe BOcnpHHxne AoaacpxcHBaexcn erne a cnyxobwm enycaeu u m o h h xakthttbhblm 3HOUHMU. TaKHM O0pa3OM, HeCMOipH Ha npouiejbiiee BpeMH rnaronob p yxn y/i, ctoma, naadehb 6bta JHouHbiM, ocramoeu/tch, pa3aomwiat h ap., wxaxenb BOcnpHHHMaex HHC^opMaiuuo o c o 6h x h h, KaK 6bi oobepuiatomemch Ha ero raa3ax, BpeMeHHOH KOHTHHyyM ofiecnewbaexch x s k h m h anemehxamh xekcxa, KaK e nojideub, Kiacdbtu dettb - aeitkxmeckhm tot (non- 91

95 jrehfe) 307eM ~ u ty r x e. Ohh Boccoaflawx rtpouecc TeneHHS BpeMeHH b ero KpaTKOM npotjokchhh - e noodettb - Gpar fommep ocrahoeuncn - BpeMH, Heo6xoflHMoe ZUiH roro, <uo6 w B3niHHyib h ybraeib. B nanbhefiuiem HanoHcCHKH nobecra abtop donwue He octakabnhbaeicx sa BpeMeHHOM KOHrHHyyMe, a nepexojorr k otmcamao whshk jihu, norh6umx nph KaTacTpotJx. KoHTHHyyM - KareropHx texcta, a He npewio*e«ha. KoHtHHyyM «e Moacei 6biTb peanhdobah b npennowehhh, noiomy hto b npeanoxcehhh hct paabepiubtkhh mmcjih. Ilo cbmoh csoefi nphpone oho xax 6m "ciannh o ( xycobex fleftctbhtejihhocth ). npeonoxtehfie b btom cm wen e mowho ycnobho npttpabhfltb k xanpy $Hnf>Ma. Hawe b raxhx npeanowehhax, KaK oh m v m Med/teHHO d e u e a n a t no Hanpaenemio k nomevehhoii ueau mowho ycmotpert oipeaox abhhcchhh, ho b ikm Hex KOHiHHyyMa. 3 ia rpammaniwecxax xarerophh, ocytuecibjiaa HaoSpaweime leaehha BpeMera b HSMeHaemom npoctpahctbe, ip edyet donee xpytraoro orpe3xa TeKCia, 4cm npeanowehhe. n o cymectby KountHyyM k&k rpammarmeckaa KaieropHH TeKCia CHHTes KOreSHH H QpepHBHOCIH. BpeMH B XyflOWeCTBCHHOM npoh3befle* hhh HaawBaioT nepueniyanutum [P.A, 3o6ob, A.M. MocrenaHCHKO, 19]. 3 io 3Rawr, 410 BOcnpHHHMaeica oho cydwxthbho h, kbx 6wno yxasaito Btime, pacaneuehho. Jln«aenOBeaecxoro yma, - ram iei JIJJ. Tojictoh, - Henonar* na HenpepbiBHOcn flbhxcehhh. MenoBeKy cranobhtca dohhthu aaxohu xako* ro 6w to hh 6wjio flbwkekhh lojiwco torna, xorna oh paccmaiphbaer opo- H3BOJIbHO B3RTWC COTHKUW310ro HBHHCeKHa 1, OmttKO akt&ieilb paccmaiph- Baei 3TH eflhhhkbl T8KWe B HX C8H3HX H [10310My MWCJieHHO IJpeHCTaBJIfleT cede HenpepbiBHOCTb b ee npepbrahocm. Jl)in Toro <rrodbiduno HCHee, x ax xaieropha kohthh> yma peanhsyexea b te x c ie,hbo6xojwmoodpaihtbcaxmop<]kwion!hrnarona,nbaacihocim x ero BHflO-BpeMCKHWM 4>0pMaM, K HX CeMaHTHKO^yHKOHOHlnbHMM OTHOUieHHXM. npouienutee BpeMH, xax m h o rue omeaaioi, mm 3HaMHienbH0 dnnwe h nohrthee, aem dyoyuiee. 3to odiachxeica cnocodnocibio Haaiero coahamui bocnphhhmarb npoiuenmne codunta, ^axibi, nonoweroth xax ywe H3Becr- Hue, bo bchkom cnyaae, He npencrabnaioiime oodoft aaranxy; npowemuee BpeMH B ouihwe o t dynymero He BwsbiBaei y»ac lybcrea decooxoiicrba, HCyBepeHHOCTH. H o b xyoow ectbeh H O M npoh3bea«hhh n p o iu e n u ie e BpeMH nph & iroxeh o x HaM. Chjioh xynoxcectbeh H ofi H306pa3H ienbh 0C TH a B io p q en aet n p o u n o e KacTOHUoiM. ^HTBTenb x ax 6u ctanobhtch cbh getenem h H adntofiaienem npoh C xoflfliuero. B 3TOH CBH3H CTOHT HanOMHHTb, 410 Hex B CTKJIHCTHKe HHMerO, Mero He d b tn o 6 u B whboii, cnoirrahhoh paarobophoh p e w. XyaowecTBeHHas p efb HBnaeiCH m n n b THmoauHeH tpopm h o S o p o ro B, x apax iep H b ix a n a ra x o ft pe4h. IlK caiejib qacro BoenpoHSBOflHr xthbyio p m b ee HeodpadOTaHHOM BHfle, 4T0dbt aodhtbch ee MaKCHMajIbHOH peanbhocth. IlpHMCpOM CMeilieHHH npoumoro h H a cro a m ero, BwpaaceHHoro rnarojibhbim H <t>opmamh, M ow ei cnyachtb caenyiom K H o tpub O K H3 pom ana A raxw K p H cra "T lie ABC M u rd e rs (y HMCTBa 3h6hch) : 1 T o a c k >* 71.H. B o A h i h M a p. C o 6 p. com. T. 6, c

96 - Do you care to say where you were yesterday evening, Ascher? - Yes, yes - 1 tell you everything. I did not go near Alice. I am with friends - good friends. We ere at the Seven Stars - and then we are at the Red Dog He hurried on, his words stumbling over each other. Dick Willows - he was with me - and old Curdie - and George - and Platt and lots of the boys. I tell you 1 do not never go near Alice. ( - He croureremi,3ceep, m e n u Sunn BuepaueuepoM? - fla, n e - * crcanry b»m se e. 3 lie nonxom in k 3 r a c. 3 enw y c mommh np y n * M u - xopomumh spysuim H: Mu chjbim b tcafiautce CeMb 3Bean", a norom m u chjirm b "Kpacnoft cofiaice. O h cneiuiui, ero cnoea HacKMOiBanH onno tea npyroe. - H h k Yitnoya - o n S u n co mmoa - n crapstha Kepzm, n Hatopn*, n ilnat it erne MHoro pesar. 3 robopio b u m, a n ax e He noaxoftun k 3tmic). n e p e n n e m m e n p o u ien u ie ro h H acio flm ero BpeMett rn a ro n o B b s io m o t - pwbke He TOnbKO p e a y n n a T 3MOUj»HanbHo B036yameHH0H p e w, h He TOJtbKO CBHneraibciBO n p o cro p eu H o ro x a p aicie p a h s m k o b o to BbtpaxceHHH, aro h nck xojiorm eck H ft MOMeirr: peanbho B o ccoanaeica occrahobka n o n p o c a. KoHTMHyyM itpenocrabjihet AHTaienio BO3M0*cH0CTb T B opueckn BoctipHHH- Man> xekct. ITpMxoflHTCH nom btcnhbatb H ek oiopbie 4>aKn>i, HCKara nphwhhocnenctbehhbie h onpenenhten M tue othouiehha Meamy pa3opbanhmmh neifcr- BHHMH H CBHabtBATb HX MCatfly CO60H, BOCCTanaBAHBafl HX HMlpepHBHOCTb. flhckpeihoctb BpeMCHHbix napam erpob He M euiaer n p ocjieaotb arb c o 6 m th h B HX fledctbehhom BHfle. TaKHM 06pa30M, BpeMCHHOH H npocipahctbehhblfl tcohthhyymbi b xynoacectbehhom H3o6paxeHHH npnospctaiot HeKHe napanokcanbhbie te p r w : H acio aiu ee BpeMH, Bbipaacettnoe cooibercrbyiom HM H rjiaro rtb - h u m h bhflo-b p extehhum h {popmsmh, tpakthueckh o th o c h tc h k yace rrpouienm em y o rp e3k y BpeMemt, a n p o u iem u ee BpeMH, BupaaceHHoe cootbetctbyw- UBtMK BHAP-B pemehhbtmh CpOpMaMH, tjiakuweckh CnO0O6HO BUp&acaTb Ha- CTOHmee. O cosoii cooooghoctmo Bbipaacan, H acroam ee, K o ro p o e npeh craaneh o 4>opm 3 m m n p o u ieio iie ro, o & ia a a e i aiinihhckoe Past C ontinuous. B jiaronaph cne- UH^uoce atoit BHno-BpeMeimoH $opm bi Past Continuous 3acraB jih er ybhnerh nefictbhe b e ro npoiaateh H ocih, a a io b cboio oxepeflb BbiauBaer ofipaaitoe npeociabjiehhe o n p o iiecce, i.e. p n c y e i, H306paacaer n p o u ecc. XynowecTBCH-» o e BpeMH, BupaaceHHoe P a s t In d e fin ite, k ocog etm o P a s t C o n tin u o u s, mohcho ycnobho n a s B a n upouieouihm nph&macehhbim. BpeMeHHOti h npocrpahctbehhbiif KOim m yym bi M oaoto TaKBce o6o3ha*thtb KaK KOHTHHyyMbl COGblTHH. Ho w o My nobouy A.A. norechh iihcan: "P an cogunttt, otrpaayiomhx oaho uenoe, CBHaaH nphwhhoctwo [IloTe&tH, 533]. BpeMH noaiomy BocnpHHH- MaeicH onocpenobahho, T.e. aepe3 HenoBewecKHH oiimt, Koropbift OTKnaAUBaer B -HameM C03H3HHH yctflhobnehhbie eghkhithl H3MepeHHS BpeMeHHbIX OTp 3- KOB, Heo6XOHHMbte HJIH COBepmeHKH Tex HJIH HHbIX COfiblTHM. PaCCMarpHBaH coothomehhx BpeMeHHbIX npeflctabnehirii B pa3hbix bkahx xynoacecrbehhmx npoh3benehhh, A.A. IloTeCHH oimctaet, <no mtptneckoe npoh3beaehhe, o6bekthbhpy«aybctbo, nojruihhh ero mmcjih, ycnoxahbaet aro tybctbo, otoabxraet ero b npoinenuiee h, TaKHM ofipaaom, flaer B03MOaatocTb bosbm- CHTbCH HBIl HHM [IlOTeGHH, 533], BpdMeHHOfi H npoctpshctbehhuh KOHTHHyyMbl HBHHIOTCH fleitctbehhwmh cpenctbamh nna to r o, mto6 u BU3BaTb y w ia iej itt om yuteiuie nshacehkh. 93

97 OimcbiBaeMoe XBJieHite crahobhrcn nph&itoicehhbim k Hafynoflaienio (in- Tarenio), Korna oho Bbmeneno. BbmeneRue b rexcre ocyutecrbnaerch nepepubom B pa3beptbibakhh COGblTKH H 4>HKCHpOBaHHeM BHHMaHHH Ha K3KOMto oip«3ke tekcra. TIoao6ho to My, KaK Ha akpane khho noabjijietca Kpynhum ruiahom Kanp, npepubaiouihh nocneflobaienbhoctb cogmthh, b TeKCre rakwe KaApbi npeacrrabnehbi ormcahhem, AHanoroM, pa3mbiiunehhhmh abtopa h n p.1 ITpH ratoix "paapbibax BpeMH KaK 6 u octahobjieno. H rem He Menee oiuyuiehhe hbh*6hhh BpeMeHH h cmehti npoctpancrba He aaryxaei: oho irauib CMeuieHo na 3aoHHS roiah. IloaTOMy, KaK yxce 6bmo CKaaaHo, KOHTHHyyM b XyaOHCeCTBeHHOM npoh3b6aehhh OAHOBpeMCHHO HenpepUBeH H AUCKpereH. K orna oh HenpepUBeH, oh phcyer AeficiBHe, AenrenbHocrb; Korpa oh nnckpe- Ten, oh Bbipaacaei coctohhhc hah KanectBo. y»ce Sbtao ormeqeho, hto b pa3- hmx H3biKax Hacronutee BpeMH BupaxcaeT HanSonee o6o6m«hhoe BpeMH. Oho KaK 6bi HMeer pashohanpabnehhue BeKiopbi - b npoumoe h b 6yAytuee. 3 to ocogemio ouiythmo b rnaronax ratia dym an, Aiodun, x d a n h np., i.e. b tbkhx, KOTopbie no cboen nphpone iipothxcehhbt. Hacroniuee a xyfloxcectbeh- HOM npoh3bcaehhh 4>aKTHqeCKH BHeBpCMeHHOe, HO, 6yayMH nph&ihxceho, OHO BupaxcaeT peanbhocrb aehctbhh. Bonee xoro, oho chococho nepenabaib 3HaqeKHe nobtopniomeroch ashctbhh, uanphmep: m uta pora eu d ep xu ea er aratat HeMetiKUX nodpa3d AtHuu, Hacronutee BpeMH rnarona Mower raxxce Bbipaxcaib 3HaqeHHe noerohhhoro fleftctbiw. TaxOH umpokhh flu an a 30 h SHaqeHHH Aaer B03M0H0i0CTb HcnoHb30Baib HacToxmee BpeMH b pa3hux CHryatutflx h b pa3hbtx acrethko-xyaobcectbehhux uennx. Ho aah KOHTHHyyMa KaK TeKcroo6pa3yiome ro ^ax ro p a xapaxrepho npe- 0 6 pa30bauhe 3HaieHHH rnaronob, KOTOpwe ohh nonynaiot He cionbko b pam- Kax npeanoxcehhh, CKOJibico b pamkax Bonee Kpynubix oipe3k0b TeKcra b CBepx4»pa30BUX eflwtcrbax, Baxoio oim em ib, oahbko, mio anaqehhh rnaronob, hx BpeMeHHue napamerpbi nepectaioi Hrparb Kaxyto-nHfto ponb b pamkax Bcero TeKCTa. IlpocneaHM BaaHMOOTHOiueHHfl BpeMeHHux 4«pM rnaronob b npeflenax npeanoxcehhh, CBepx^tpaaoBOro eahhcr&ah Bcero Texcra b HeBoHbiuOM paccxaae A.n, UexOBa CMeprb qmhobhmca : B o h h x n p e K p a c m i t t B e n e p n e M c n e e npekpackbifl a t o e x y r o p H s a n A m h t p h i *iepoh- k o b a u t e n b o B t o p o M potty x p e c e n k n t o n e n b S H H o x n b H a " K o p H e s i u i b C K H e k o jio - k o /u ". O h n u m e n n q y B c n o a a n cefio H a s e p x y SnaacexctBa. H o B n p y r... B paccicaaax w c to crpe'taerco w o h o BUpyr.Ab t o p h tipabm: amain, tax ntwixa BHeaanHooreft! H o B u p y r junto e r o n o M O p t w u i o c b, t n u a t t o n x a m n H c h, n u x i H H e ocratfobiinocb... o h o r a e n ot m a a fettoxnb, B a n t y n c o h...amcxx!!! MHxxytt, x a x BHjurre* M H x m H H K O M y h m r n e He B o a O p a H M T C H. H a x a x n h M y m r t a i, h normueflmeflcttpu, h h n o n t a naate a raftkue coorrb h k h. B e e w x a n r. B e p x a x o x h r c k o j u x o tie c K O H ^ y m n c x, y r e p c a n n a T o i K O M h, x a x BeiKjucButt q e n o u e x, nomatteji B o x p y r oesa: H e o 6 e c o o Ko i ui joe o h x o r o - «i 6 y n b cb o h m ' ixajnem'? H o r y r yxc n ( n i u n o c b CKOH4>yaKTbca. O x ybtuten, w o c n p n i O K, ohnebtuhft Bitepenn Hero, b n e p s o M p a n y xpecen, c n p a r t e m H O B M W pan c s o n n u o w y h uteto nep- U T K O f l n G o p M o r a n vn>-io. B e n p a n x e A e p e a x o a y a H a n c r a T c x o r o r e H e p a n a Epxaacano- Ba, cnyacauiero n o B e n o M e n y nyrefl ooocutehhfl". 3 to nepbbtfi agaau. ihtarenb xopouio 3naer aror paccxa3 h noaromy HeT HyxcAbi onhcubaib AanbHeftunie cog uthh h CMepn MepBHKOBa. BpmeHHoii 1 C m.o KOHTexcmo-BapxaniBBOM wienehkh te x e n s rn. III. 94

98 KOHTHHyyM B 3TOM CBepX<j)pa30BOM eohhctbe OCymeCTBJIHeTCfl npouieflluhm BpcMeHeM rnaronob cudat, ensiden, e/mde*i u vyecreoeaa. flanbiue k o h th - nyym npepwbaexcji abxopckhm OTCTyiuieinteM (paccyxtnehhe oxnochtenbho BupaweHKH Ho e d p y e ). OflHOBpeMeHHo MexoB b b o o h t cehtemuno: aeropt* npaeu: x u 3Hb t s k n o n m 6He3anHOcreu! B jio m oxknohemur o t hhhhh ho- BecTBOBaHKH yxce Bee b HacTOHiueM - o 6o6uichhom. flanee BoaoSHOBJiaeiCH ciojkcthafl jihhhh h Boe rnaronw o n a n. ynotpefinehh b nporuem uem BpeMCHH - nomepeuiwtocb, nodxam eucb, octanoeunucb, oreea, HOZHyAcn, uuxhyjt, Ho a m Rpoiuemuee cxano HacTonuiHM b cany xyttoxcecxbehnofi naofipaah- TWlbHOCTH - BBefleHHX B TeKCT KOJIOpHTHOTO 3ByKOBOTO MOKJJOMeTHOrO amecu (c TpeMH bo ctcnhuaxenbhbimh 3HaKaMH) h ospam eiatjr k W Taienio yak eudure, o6pameioie, b KoropoM HcnonuoBaH n ia ro ji b uactoauiem Bpe MeHH. H n an u n e o iw n, oxicnohehhe b HacxonuieM o 6o 6ineuHOM BpeMeHH: m x a n HUKOMy He ao36pawterai. Vuxaior u Myxurcu,,. Bee tuxawr. 3areM CHOBa BOccTanaBJiHBaeicH uena HCHctbhA BbipaxeeHHux npomewiihm BpeMehcm rnaronob. KoHKpeiHOcib, T.e, o6pa3hocib conepxcaxenbho-<})akty anbhoii HmpopMauhh aocthraexca b paccnaae BaaHMOaaBKCHMOcrbro BpeMeHHbix cj>opm rnarojiob h, m o ocosehho BaxcHo, npocipahctbehhmm KOHTHHyyMOM, ykaaahhe Ha onpeflenehhoe m ccto pesctbhh - BTopofi pm. Kpecen, T.e. b xeatpe, k Ha oitpepejiehhoe jihko - HBau flmktpmr MepBXKOB ooanaer o 6cxanoBKy, b KOTOpoir BbtMbiiiineHHOe CTaHOBHTCH peanbhbim. CoBepuieHHO cnpabepithbo aameaahhe Menc^a o tom, m o HHflHBHflyyMbi KOHKpembi b npocipahctbe, a He bo BpeMCHH h h o 3to mohcho o&bhchhtb RpHpopoH nenoaeieck oro o ittiia, a HM6HHO HenoseK MOxcex HaxoflnxbCH b ojujom h to m * e Mecie b paa- HOe BpeMH, HO He MOXCeT 6 b lt b B pa3hb]x MCCTax B OflHO H TO Xte BpCMfl, cnepobatcjibho, ectb KaKaa-TO achmmetphh BpeMeHH h npocrpahctba [H. P arre t, 8,9]. B BHajiHsttpyeMOM paccka3e MexoBa co6u m e nphbamho nocne.nosaxenbho k Teaipy, k nomy ^epbhkoba, k nphemhoft rehepana, k yjihoe, chobb k nomy, T.e. K KOHKpeiHblM MCCT3M, HO He IIpHBH3aHO ko BpeMeHH: B oduh npekpac- Hbtu eetep. Teaeime BpeMeHH Jierico BocnpHKHMaexcn wnaienem, nockojibiey co6m thh nahbi b hx nocneaobaienbhocth: e anrpakte, npudx domou, ttadpyeou dehb, em e»a dpyeou dem. TaKHM o 6paaoM, Bee ffeficxbhe pace Kara pa3- BeprbiBaeroi b retehhe rpex anew: ncpbbih ae«b - b TeaTpe, Btopoft pern - B nphcmhoft rehepana, Tpentft nem> onxxt b nphemhofi rehepana. K HpoctpaHCiBeHHbiM napamdpam ycnob»o mojkho oxirecth h dramatis personae, T.e. neftctbytommx jihu xynoxcectbehhoro nporobenehh*. Ohh, ksk Mecro h BpeMH, nphbhjubajoi neitctbhrenbhoe k KOHKpeniOMy MOMemy ero npoxekahka. Bhc d ra m a tis personae Her hh ojihoro xekcia. fla *e b Haywbix rpynax ohh nphcyxctbytor. HccnejjOBaxenb, JKcnepHMeHiaiop, abiop.oimo- HeHTM, c KOTOpbtMH oh nonemhahpyex, abtophieru, hh Koropbie oh ccbinaeich, yxchbie, ynommhaiomhcch b rpyne, h op. Ohh peanbhbi, ohh bo nnoth. flpyroe oeno b xynoxcecxbehhom npohsbenehhh (ecnh oho He HcropHKOxynoxcecxBCHHoro nnaha). 3pecb BOoCpaxcaeMMH MHp rtpencianneh k b k peanbh uh. Tpefiyerca Gojibiuoit onux, n o f iu hoctohhho ynepxam aib b n im a n K

99 HepeajibHocTt npoh Cxoaam ero, cttpoeiutpobahhoro b atcofibi peaabhbie ycnobhh cymectbobahms. TaK HaauBaeMaa "rekctobaa 3Heprns cnocogha BoaGyxcnaTbaaciHMHoe, ahhoraa h noahoe nepeocmbicnehhe BpeMeKHoro h npocipahctbehhoro KOHtHHyyMOB. H aciom uee ogogmemioe n o a bjihbhhbm mhkpo- H MBKpO ICO HTBKCTOB HaiMHaeT ITpHO0peTaTb qeptw HaCTOBliierO KOHKpeT- Horo, nockojibky b cm ucrobom nnafie oho Tec ho cbasaho c tohm co mto ohhc&hhbim cpajcrom ( c p.: ihxhyn h HHxaib HHKOMy h HHrae He BoaGpaHaeica). Mne yxce nphtuocb OTMeaaib <J»aKT HeKOropon tioteph abtoccmahthh npefl- JioxceHRH b lekcxe (rajibnephh Hi*. 1977, 1). JIioGaa cehiettuha, a TeM Gonee npeanoxcehhe c raaroaom b HacTojgtueM BpeMOHH, He HMetouee agcipakitfoogogmaiomero cmbicna, SyneT cbaaaho HepaapwBHbiMH hhthm k c ttpejnoectsyiotuhm hjih nocjieoytouuim conepxcajmem. H m arejib moxcct aaxce h He 3a- M enrrb BcraBOMHoto xapakxepa iaio tx npefljioxcehhh, icax Bee vuxwot, nockoitbky 3TO npennoxcehhe c to h t b p a a y : Vtixnya, KaK eudure. tfuxarb HUKOMy u nuede ue eo36panaerca. Vwuuot u MyxuKU.., w rauhbte coeettmku, a HCCJieflOBaTejib-HHHTBHcr flojixceh noflpeprh yrb aeraabhomy ahajiuay h CTOxacnwecKOMy nepegopy BOSMOxtHbie BapHaHTbi cm ucna OTaeauibix open- JlOXCeKHH, HBOHHpyjI HX OT KOHTCKCTa. Ho, JIOBTOpHM, CKJia KOHTHHyyMa CO- CTOHT HMeHHO B TOM, HTO OH CIIOCOGeH HHBCJIHpOBBTb TeMHOpaJIbHbJC paailh- HHH, B OCOfiCHHOCTH ecjih OHH HaXOJWTCS B HpeflejiaX OftHOrO CBepx4>pa30B0- ro eromctba. O BsaHMoapoHHKHOBeHHH npom noro n H acroam ero ckaaaao MHoro h Her Hyxcflw aaecb onhcbiban p aan u e cpopmbi laicoro b aahmonpohhk- HOBeHHH. Baxmo jihuib nojpiepichytb, <rro camo abhxeiote TeKcra, T.e. ero nocrynaiejibhbih xapak iep 3acTaBHT ihtatena BHaeib HenpepbtBHOcrb b ero npepbibhocth, AHCKpeTHOCTb oraeabhbtx nacteii HMeer CBOeit 3aaaqeH Bbiaejih tb aktyajihaobahhoe, aaciabhtb nhtarena og panm. BHHMaHHe Ha uacrb ogiaero flbhxcckhx H ybhflbtb MeCTO 3TOH qacth B HOIIpepblBHOM noioke HHIpOpMa- OHH1. le jio BeieCKHH HHTejUieKT CHOCOGCH BOCdpHHKMaTb BpeMH K OBHJKeHHe BHe 3BBHCHMOCTH OT TO TO, ItpeHCTaBJleHM OHH B HCHpepblB HOM HJIH HpepblBhom BHne. OflHaKO c to<ikh apeim a nparmathkh iieaecoogpasno npeflcrabjiaib 3 th KaTeropHH b pachjiettehhom bho. riphbeny cnenyiom ee Bbicica3 bibahhe )K. BanspHeca: CranHcrbi HaxoaiT b h«m (HacToauKM BpeMeim) ocogyio npenectb; ohh roboput, h to KacTOjuuee Gonee BwpaaHTeabHO, Gonee HarnaaHO, h to oho b rna- 3ax MHrarejui BocKpeuiaet b o o Kapnmy, aio o h o aac nepeuocmr MbicneHHO & MOMCHT COBepUieHHJ) aeftctbhh. M 3TO BepHO. H o 3TO ogbflchehhe, KOTOpOe, KCTaTH ckaaaib, nphmehhbto h b cjiyxahx ynotpegiiehhh HacToamero bmccto Gynytuero, He hm cct 3HaqeHMa b rna3ax rpammaihka. O h nphhyxcneri paccyxmam Tan: Ana toro htogm ithcarejib Mor ynoipeghtb KaK xyaoaaihk (pop- My, Koropyio o h cahtaer Goaee H3HUHOH, hjokho, mtogm OHa yxce cymecibobaaa b aauke, ognacm Hacroainero h npomeatuero rpammanneckh Gbdih HeacHO oaepaehm, qto6bi moxcho Gbuio Ges yuiepga ojih xch o cth nepexoflhtb TaK aerko or o ah o h k npyroii [BannpHec, 101]. 3aMeay, <no BannpHec 3thm sameaahhem npeabocxhian HHTepec k ran Ha3MBaeMOH fuz2y grammar (paa- MbiTaa rpammbthka), Kotopbrii b noaiemtee BpeMa npoabaaet amephkah- 1 Cm. to

100 ckaji (JwicxxxjKKO-nHHrBHCTinecKaji tincona no othoukhmw k TpanmotOHHUM noh«trnm jioiukh H rpammathkh. Ho Mbicjib BaHapHeca MHTtpecHa eme h noromy, mto oua nphbojun HCcnenoNTena k BMBony o bcpqhthocthom peine hhh npo&iembi. B comom H3biKe, b ero <popmax sanoxeiia cnocoshoerb bmpaxcan He oqho, a neckojibko 3Ha>KHHH. 3 to abjichhe yxce flabho orm eieso TpaMMatHCtaMH, Koroptie HasuBaioT ero to omohhmhch, to RojmceMHeH 4»p- M k l. JlHHTBHCTHHeCKaH TpaflHnKfl, HaXOttHinaflCH B THCKaX fletepmkhhctckhx peuiehwi TeopemnecKHx npofinem, onttpaerca Ha t o t 4>aKT, <tro k o h tc k ct chhmaei ahtponwo 4>opMH, T.e. BbiaBnraer to jilk o ouho ahaaehhe nauhoh (popmbt H3UKOBoro BupaBceHHfl. OflHaKO Ha nene jto hc Bceroa ts k. flaxce b cambix n p ocnix Bbipaxcemuix h chhiakcmeckhx KOHCTpyKiwax HanajiH bm- HBJtHTbCH "flbycmmcjiehkbie (ambiguous) pemehhfl, B OCoGeHHOCTH ecjih 3TH BblpaXWHHH B3HTM H3OJIHp0BaHHO OT KOHTOKCTa. Ho H B C3MOM KOHTeKCTe onpenenehhwe MonenH Moryr oflhobpemehho peanh30ban> a b b CMbicna. 3 to oco5ehho aamctho b xynoxcectbehkbix npoh3beaehhnx, h b nacthocm bo B 3BKM0 AeHCTBHH BpCMeHHUX HJiaHOB. He COBCeM RpaBbl H.fl. PyAb H H.H. UyKKepMan, ytbepxcnaa cnenyioiaee: MHoroe, <ito no ocoschhocih hh- TeparypHoro H3Jiox<eHHH KaK 6ynro BWCTpaHBaerca b nocjienobarenbhoctb, nphcymyio BCHKOMy TeKcry, b neficrbhreji bhocrh BOcnpHHHMaerca KaK ooho- BpeMCHHoe [M.fl. Pyab, H.H. IXyKKepMaH, 264]. nph&ihxcehhe npomejyuero k Hacto niiiemy, HacTOamero k 6ynyineMy h Hao6opor He Bcerna BocnpHHH- Maeica icak onhobpemehhoe. MHe npencrabjiaercii, n o oaho h3 ochobhwx Haian Hdcyccraa ycnobhoctb - aacrabnaet apfrrena, cnywatena, qhtaiejia noctohhho BocnpHHHMaTb npoh3benehhe b flbyx rtnahax b peanbhom h nppeanbhom.gchhstkxabyxnnahobher, to h ct h BocnpHanta npoh3b enem a ksk BHfla HCKyccTBa. A 3TO 3HaiHT, BTO HpOCTpaHCTBCHHO-BpeMCHHOH KOHTHHyyM B xynoxcectbehhom npoh3beaehkh HHiub H3o6pa3KeHue nehctbhtenbhoro Te- WHHH BpeMCHH H AeHCTBHTejIbHOTO HepenBHXteHKH B HpOCTpaHCTBe. Il03T0My HHiarejib lybctbyei, bhoht h nohhmaei nocnenobaienbhoctb He kbk ojtho- BpeMeHHoe, a pa3hobpemehhoe, ho hc ran, KaK b nehctbhrejibhocth. B CBH3H c 3thm KareropHB KOHTHHyyMa KaK KaTeropna rekcra, nponbji atomaaca b pa3hbix (JiopMax reqehhx BpeMeHH, npoctpanctba, cobmthh, npeactabjiaer co6oft ocosoe xyaoxcectbehhoe ocmbicnehue KaieropHH BpeMeHH h npocrpah- CTBa ogbekthbhoh nehctbhiejibhocth. 3 to paa/mme h nano MHe ochobamce PflK BBeneHHn TepMHHa KOHTHHyyM BMecio nocnenobaienbhoctb. Ha pane nphmepob a crapanca noka3atb, KaK KateropHa KOHTHHyyMa npoabjiaetca b pa3kbix THnax tckctob, h rnabhbim o6paaom BHyrpH ohhoio hs hhx jih- TepaTypHo xynoxcectbehhoro rekcta, b kotopom OHa npoabnaeica ooo6ehho pa3h006pa3h0 HMeHHO B CBH3H C ycnobhoctblo K306paX<eHHH BpeMeHH H npocrpahctba. TpexMepnoe npocipanctbo, bocnphhhmaemoe hbuihmh oprahamh ByBCTB, CraHOBHTCa MHOrOMepHbIM: OHO CHOCoBhO CXCHMaTbCa H paclllhpxtbch B CBH3H C MHpOM C06btTHH, OHHCblBaeMblX HOcnenOBaTejibHO (h Henocneflo- BaiejibHo) h Bcerna hocht b ce6e HeKyio ycnobhoctb (cp.: b He kotopom nap- CTBe, b nekotopom rocyflapctbe), nawe b tom cnyaae, ecnw oho npnbh3aho k onpenenehhomy MecTy. 97

101 rjlaba VT ABTOCEMAHTKHOTPE3KOB TEKCTA C p e o H K areroph H jek C Ta m u B unoik em h abtocemahthio, i.e. O opm bi sabhch* MOCTH H OTHOCHTeJIbHOH HCMBHCKMOCTH OTpOKOB TeKTCa HO OTHOUICHKJO K coaep*ammk> B c e ro W K C ta w ih e r o aac. HanoMHHM, a r o b K a s e c re e ynochnx JPIX aahhoh pasotbl TCpMHHOB MU ytlo Tpe& U tem TepMHH 3HaHeKHe" JIH tin a r ia M O poem, c jio b h cnob ocoaetah H ft, cm bicn a n a npennoaceiim a h ooq n a m ia npejuk H K einrii, Te.e cb epxcfrpasob bix eauhctb (COE) h conep x cah h c - a n a B c e ro T ek cra h jih e ro 6 o a e e h jih MeHee aakomehhoh qacih. IIpH 3TOM HCOSXOflHMO KMCTb B BHOy, HIO K8K SHaqeHHC, TBK K CMUCJt JIOflBeprajOTc a KBKHM-TO CeMaHTMMeCKHM KOJieCaHKHM, KOrfla OHM pbccmatphbuotca B codab e Bonee Kpyimux orpeakob. Illep6a no arojay nosoay m ean, aro... ropaano Baxatee npabima cnoweraw cmhcjiob, aawuuie He cymmy cmhcjiob, a hob we cmhcttm [Jl.B. U]ep6a, 24}. TepMHH shanehhe ynoipe&iaetca h b OTHOinemtH npeanoacehha, ho m um nphmehkienbho k <J»pMajibnocrpyicrypHOH cropoae 3t o h eahhhau. B npeanoacekhh nphkaio paccmarphbarb OTflejibHbie snemehtbi, ero cocrabjiaioiioie k»k iieaabhqhmbie, rax h sobhch- Mbie. OieBHflHO, MOacHO 3KcxpanojiHpoBaib a n jiorhieckhe KaieropHH h b o6nacnf Texcra. OmaKO, nockojibky m u HMeeM neno c 6o;iee KpyiiHNMH ejmhhium h BucKaauBaHHa, cbmb npo6nema abiocemahthh nphocpeiaer ana Hac Hecieo/ibKO hhoh xapaicrep. E c jih ipia rpammathcta ecrecrbehhoft rpahhueft HaOnioneHHH asn aex ca b ochobhom npeflnojkchhe, b koto p o m paccmarphbaiorca paajiuqhbie oihouiehha MOKay ero qacramh, to jy ia TeKcronora ecrecreehhoft rpahhueft Ha&mofleHHH ab naeica 6onee b h co k h h y p o aem 3aKOHqeHHoro peneboro npohsbefleroib, T.e. Becb iek ct. EpHHHUbi TeKcra COE Hi-paioT HepaBHOtieHHyio ponb: ohh MOryi paamwatbca no CTetieHH npeflhkarhbhocth/pejihthbhocth h BKyrpa, no ctenehh 3asHCHMOcth o t aacth HaaaraeMOro TeKCTa u rn o t Bcero TeKcra, CaMa KaTeropHa aabhchmocth npejuionaraet He tonbko otthociopohhioio CBH3b, T.e. 3aBHCHMOCTbOT MaBHOrO, OCHOBHOfO, HO H HByCTOpOHHWIO, Bbjpa* *ehhy» BJIHBHHeM 3aBHCUMOrO Ha He3aBHCHMOe. B npenenax npocroro npennoxcehmh abtocemahtha ero OTjxeitbHux qnehob peajih3yeica nyxem osoco&iehha h paajikihux <}>OpM BctaBOMHMX anemenrob, b Koiopbix HeoaBHCHMOCTb nphogpeiaer pa3hyro CTenem otqyxcnehua o t onhiakchneckhx h/hjih coaepxcaienbhbix CTopoH. B npenenax aioxcnoro npen* jioxcehhh abtocemahthh MoaceT peanh30ban>ca OopMaMH 6cccoio3hoh cb«3h. llmeiotca k orae/ibhbie HaSJuoneHH* Han camoctoatejibhoctb» hjih aabhch- MOCTbw npennoacehhti BHyxpH 6onee KpynHbcx enhhhu a3uka: b CBepxOpaaqbmx eohhctbax h b a63auax. X a p a x ie p H o, q io jito6o e npennoik eh H e, b c o c ia B x o i o p o r o b x o h h t HneH- TH(})HimpyiomnH an em eirr, H anph M ep h m a cos crb eh H oe, y x te t e p a e t 3 H aw - T enbh yio n o n io c b o c h camoctoarejibhocth. CoBepuieHHO npab T. BeiiHpHX, K O T opuii y ib e p x e n a e i, <jto iihhrbhci MOaceT paapeiuh T b ce6c B 3»rb jih iub ofth y nahhoctb ( d o n n e e ) K an o c H o s y a n a k o h k p e m o r o H c c n e n o B a n n a, HanpHM ep rek crra, b n p o u e c c e KOMMy h h x aih B h o r o a K ra [H a ro ld W e in r ic h, J, h o b rakom c jiy ia e e r o BHHMaKne KOHUeHTpHpyetca He Ha CMUCJie B cero OTpe3xa, 98

102 a hs $yhkt(hh nahhoro anemchta (d o n n le), K o m i ace osm ktom HCCJieflOBa- KHfl HBJigeTCH Goiiee cnoaataa namioctb, to BHHMaHHC jihhtbhcia HanpaBJieho h Ha cmucji Bcero oipeska h»a ero <J>yHKUHH. OcoSoft camociohmithoctwo BHyrpH cohhhu xekcta, a KHoroa h b uenom iekcie o&ianaiot cchtchuhh, T.e. rakhe npeanoxceioui BHyrpH BbicKaauBSHHii, Koropue, npepubaa nocneaobaien bhocxb Hanoxcemui (JiaKTOB, cogmthh, oiihcahhh, npeactabuhfqt co6oh neiuie o 6o6u«HHg, jnnna Kocsemto (KHoraa oiehb orflanehho) CBroaHHue c jthm h 4>aKiaMH, coguthhmh, onhcamwmh. B xynoacectbehhoh junepaxype hsbcctho HBJtewie, nojiynibiiiee Ha3BaHne abiopck oro OTCiynneinw. U en t ooomths, hx cbb3)> H apyiuaerca BBeaeHHeM KaKoro-ro npennobcehhk hjih ffbyx-rpex npeanoikehhfi, He HMeiouiHx HenocpencTBeHHoro othouiemih k HinaraeMOMy. TaKHe HapyiueHKx, BU3uBan ropmo)tcehhe 4»6ynbH oro paab irou temm, naiot BO3MOxcH0CTb ab iopy b otkpwroh $opm e B uck aaub an JiHtHue cyxcaem w no paajiinhbim BOtipocaM, HMCIOtUHM npbmoe HUH KOCBeHHOe OTHOUieHHe K UCHTpajIbHOH TCMC [A. Kbhtkobckhh, 145]. CeHieHioui 3to MHKpooTCrynneHHe. OSnaaan nekotopbimh npnauakamh abiopctcoro orctyiuiehhb, OHa TOwe BbinojiHaex (pymctthio "TOpMOxceinwi no BeciBOBaHHB. OnHaKO ceinehtpu 6oaee tccho CBH33Ha c ckukcthoh JiHHueft, iem oinenbhoe COE n tcm 6onee Kenan m aea, KaK 3to hmcct Mecro b poma- He 1'ojicToro "BoiiHa h MHp, m e paccyxaiehkh nwcarejia o Boiine, o cipaiethh, o nojikthqeckoh chtyaohh nepnoaa OreeecTBeimoA bo&hm 1812 ro aa h n p. noctohkho npepbibaiot m m nobectbobamih. CeHtemiHfl o 6 u*iho BnnereHa B coaepikatcnbhyio TKanb COE hhh asaaua. Moxcho 3aecb npobecrw cnenymyio ahajiorhio. B cntxe impphxufi, cnohaetf, phtmhteckax HroepcHu h op. paccmaiphbamcn KaK MoamjmKaropbi phiwa. Hapymaa ero ojmoospaahe, ohh npnoaiot cntxy cna3matmeckhh a ^ e x x. IIoao6HO aiomy cehietnuix, BpbiBaacb b phtm nobectbobahhb, paabeahhjiet cogbiraa, 4>aKTbl. nphocia- HasjiHBaer ABHBceime $ a 6 ynbi, K3K 6 bi aaet BpeMH ana 6onee rnysokoro ocmbicnehhh onhcahhoro, nonhhmafl onhcahhbie tj>akrw Ha cryrtehb o 6 o 6 uiehhh. nphbeny nphmep H3 paccka3a Tojictoio flba rycapa 1: T o j i o c M ar e ph, astbtueft ee p a a n H B a n, vail, > u» a a a e p e s e H C K y n C a p u ui i no h s atoll M H H y th o ft 3 a a y M W B < K m. O H a B C T p x x H y n a i t t i K ) B o B h n o n n t * b <ta>hyk>. J l y M u m e s e w n B c e r n * lwxoftjrr H e w n H H o ; a nent 6o n u u e c n p a e i m c a, t c m b u x o u h t x y * e. B n e p e B i u x p e n K o c n p u o T c a o a B B t b B o c t u T S H H e k n o a T O M y H e w o w o (Soiuuieio w c t h i o saiot n p e K p a m o e. T i k h c n y w i o c b, b o o o O c k h o c i h c Jbtaofl. A h h b O e n o p o B H t, n o orpaicn'iehhoc y x n h 6eaa»6o T H o c t t pa u. B e b i b a n a h h k b k o i o B o c n c T a m n Jlnse: He y m n a ee toi Myabnce, r h e r o n b n o n e a x o M y O p * H u y a e K O M y n a u K y, a H e x a m m o p o s n n a or nokoflhoro Mynca anopobekbxoe, xopoiuekucoe bhtb n o i K y.. B 3tom orpbibke ofipaiuaet Ha ce6 n BHHMaHHe npeanoxcehhe Jly*nime Beuih Bceroa b uxooht HenanHHo; a iem 6 ojibiue ciapaeuibcfl, rem b u x o ah t xyxce. Oco ehh0ctb tsk h x npejuioxcehhil - hx o6o6 mehhuh xapaiaep. KaK b 3tom nphmepe, cehtehuhh moxcho H3biMaib H3 TeKCia 6e3 norepu hx noaha- Baien bho-scterhieckoh uchhocih, ho BHyipK Texcra hx o 6o6meHHbi«cmucji noflbepraeicn HeKOTopofi crenemi KOHKpentaaiiHH, nockohbky oh ybh3bibaeica c nosectbobaxejibkok nmnieh - BocnHtaHHe JIhsu. 1 r<lhbnepuh H.P. K npofinem saeiiai M OC i H npennonceiwn o t K O H T e K c r m. - B H, 1977, hp 1; aaccb aiot nphmep y*e Obin DojmeprHyt axannay. 99

103 TaKHM ofipaaom, He3aBHCHM0cib npeflnoacchhs ogogutehho-noahabaienb* Horo THHa (K3K, HafTpHMCp, CCHTeilUHH) 0Ka3MfiaCTCfl OTHOCftreFlbHOH B CJtyqae BojmeHciBHa Gonee Kpymtbtx orpeakob TCKCra. CoomoiueHtte npeonomehhh, osnanatouihx noremihanbhumh bobmoxchoctbmh BoaBNiusTbcn up ypob- Hfl asctpakllhh, C TaKHMH, KOTOpbie BbUVBJtflfOr ncmlhyjo CHHCeMaHTHK), 33BH- CHT B 3KaMHTCJIbUOH CTenetlH OT THI13 TeKCia, XCaHpa, TCMM IlOBeCTBOBaKHH, HHOHBitayanbHocTH abtopa h o t uenoro puna nph4hh, B nepbyio otepeob o r ahaqrtcjibhocth camoro npohsbeaehka, ero coiwanbhooihmeckos aaoctpeh- HOCTH. B acce npcwiohcekkff nepboro thna BCTpeqatOTC* qacro, ta x KaK cama xynoacectbehho-actethqeckaji HanpaaneHHOCTh aroro xcahpa KpHCTannH3yeTCfl b credo abtopa. B raaemom lekcre, HaoGopoT, xaxhe npefljioxeehhh no<hh He BCTpetiaioTcia, ecuh TOJibKO ohh He npencrabnmot cogoh uhtbuhh. ileu o B u e nokymektbi h T ek cm, ycnobho HaauBaeMbie HefiTpanbHHMH, He HMewT actethko-noahabate/ibhom 4>yHKUHH, o juatco nposnema abioccmahthm B 3THX TCKCT ax He CHHMaeTCH. BoaepaTHMca k abtocemakihk b mnepaiypho*xynoxcectbehhbix rekcrax. HeaaBHCHMoe npeanohcemie, ogoahamhm ero hhuckcom H, nonaaan b kohjekct, b KaKOfi-io CTeitetiH le p a e i cboio abtohomhocrt, nphcnoca&ihb ancb k KOHKpentOMy cogmthio, <faakry. T axoe rrpcftnoacehhe nenecoogpaatto ogojhaqnib H,. IIpennoBceHHe JlyHixme Benin Bceraa bmxoobi HeqanHHo; a qem G onuue crapseuibcn, tom buxojzht xyxce M oxer GbiTb KBann<t*HUHpOBano KaK H, nockojibky oho b nokanbhom othoihchhh ctoht b naiane asaaua, He CBH33HO HH C COI03HMMH CJIOBaMH, HH C flchkthicckhmh ykaaaiatjsmh, HH aaxce c JieKCH<iecKHMH anemehiamh b npeflbinytnem agaaue. OjEutaKO npejduiojkchhe B nepebhax penko CTapatorcn n asaib BocnHTanne H no3iomy HenaaHHo Gojxbineft tactwo na»t npekpachoe yace aojdkho irony- HHTb HHJieKC H,, rtockoitbky OHO, HeCMOTpH Ha HMeiOlHHeCH ItpHJHaKM npejpioxcehhh o6 o 6iuenHO-noaHaBarejibHoro n tn a, takhe, KaK rnomhieckoe Hacroa* tuee, a TeMnopaJibHoe Hapemte ped xo, 6e3/iH<ucbic rjiaronw crapamtcx, daiot, nob- TOp CJIOBB UetOHHHO, peipocoekihbho RpttBH3aH K TCKCTy. B HeM B pajhhlx 4>opMaxtnoBTOpjnoTCHcnOBa,KOiopbie6biJiH ynoipegnehbi b npenbmytuhx npeflnow *hh«x,hanphmep d e p e a e n c x y io -e d e p e e n u x, npncyictbyet bhtohh- MHHecKaa cbh3b:e«^d<r-pedk O, H e m s m n o -a u x o d n r He<taxHHO netashho 6o/ibiueu w cruto, h CHHOKHMHtecKan CBsob: A y w tu e e e iw npenpachoe. flpognema aabhchmocih b efljooniax Gonee K pyrom x, qem npennoxcetme, - b Cd>E, b a03auax k b u e n u x rn a sax nphogpetaet HecKOiibKo hhoh bha. B 3th x ejwhhuax KaxcobiH otpesok tekcta, OTAeJieHHbift o t a p y ro ro cmwcfiobi>im h /w ih CTpyKiypHiiM (rpaiphqeckhm) napameipamh, yxce nphogperaei KaKyioto crenehb He3aBHcnMOciH h K30jihkhh. OyieM qnenehkh ctpo<t)n U3 noombi lilejuih OGnaico tta cbepx4>pa30bbie ejwhctba h nokaaan, KaK otnejib- Hbie Cd>E crahobhtcb sabhchmmmh o t uenoro. OGbinHbftf nphem abiocemahtkh C4>E - pa3mbiumehhn abiopa. Ohh Moryr Gbiib BbtpaxceHbt b <}x>pme cemehuhh, napanokcob, pa3horo poaa ogogiuehua, 3aKmo*teHHH, npeanoxcehhii. AsropctcHe pi3m biiunem n mscto Gmbbiot open- CTaBneHbt KaieropHflMH perpocnekuhh h npocnektuih, a TaKBce npyrhmh bhnamh abtopckhx OTcrynneHHfi. B pomahe A itpnc M epaox "^ephbin npuhu ecrb aieayioinhh o tp h b o k : 100

104 "MyBci»OBaTb, qro jimcmho, coaepturbjnosiimoe cyiuecrbo - fionuue KHeero He im o. Tax. pad na aemne, aepoanto, npencnbiuercx MUCTHxy xax fiecxohemoe coaepoamte (ton. OwtaKo cbomctb* (ton tokobu (Hna aonxkbi S am nxaaaimh, cyuiecnyfl oh tn c*mom n o te), ito o m ne Memant him nnhva paaoctb noxjiohewn. H HtKoneit, (tor He- HaMCHeH. Bewo me itok nonm ar oemweoechomy cymect»y xyna cnoxnee, name ecmc jiksh m u He Monoxe iesa Kt copox net H, mhtko BMpeaoucb, k tecc ptbhonyium, 3 to CBepx<j)pa30Boe eatmctbo o S n a n a e r He3aBHCHMOCn>[o, K O iopan Moxcet fiwtb Bbipam ena hhiiokcom H,, nock ojibicy, H ecw orpa Ha yk aaah H ue Bbiiue rpam M anm eckhe, aek cm eck H e h chhraicniko-komno3kahohhbie npn3hakh HC3aBHCHMOCTH, B ttocnentmm yctynhtoituiom ItpennOBCeHHH HMeetCH KOCBeH- Hbtii KaMcx hh Cfom em yw jihhhio pomsha: repohhn, aehctbhiejibho, Monoxce re p o a Ha copok Jie r h pab H oaynm a k HeMy. OnpeaeneHHe rpahhu ab TOceMSHTHH otpeokob TCKCTa npeacrabjiaei cosoii HCKOTOpyw ipyflhocn.. B comom npoaecce jobikotbopiecrba BbiaeneHHe npohanaeica crona imnhbhflyanaho, bio tpecyercfl rmaienbhnfi ahanh3 Bcero npohiibeflehhfl, ito6m ynobhth cienem 33bhchmocth/ HeaaBHCMMOcrH xaxcnoro namioro oipeaka. TlpH KOHTeKCTHO-BapHSTHBHOM qnehehhh lexcra Bwaejihmoctb h OTciona HeKOTOpaa H03aBHCHMOCTa o t KOHieKcra jienco npocnexch- Baercx. OflHaKO HepeaKO Mbicnb, yb«3ahhax c aahbbim oipeskom h ho hm«k>inax rxoaromy abrocematnhh, nph airaih 3e npombenehhx b uejiom Hawmaer BbinenmbCH b h w to camocioxtertbhoe, camoflobjieiomee: abiocemahthh bnpactaei H3 CHHCCMaHTHH. Macro oifleribhbie M ecra npohsbeaeimh, K aaanocb 6m xecho CBX3aHHbie c, ocuiefi ciobcethoii ju n ntefi, b n p o a ecce n o c ry n aien b H o ro abhxcehhx nob ecr- BooaHHH noflhhmaiotcb Ha ypobehb o6o6m eh H a h t«m cambim nph og perator Kaxyio-TO onpeaeneh H yn creneh b abiocemahthh, HnnioCTpaaHeH MoryT cnybchtb jnh rpam M anneck H e crpok H c o h c to b, K o ropine, c o a h o h cropoh bi, CHHTesHpyioT conephcamte o k h b m h cek C rera, c a p y ro ft b m h b jih io t s b to - cemahthto. H eaapom M Honte 3fiHTpaMMaTHxecKHe CTpOKH conero B ktih, HanpHMep, nocneakke cipokh CTpo<j) SaflpoHOBCKOro,Uoh X y a a a c ra im n p o - BepCHanbHbiMH. H x MBKCHMOCTb o t ooaspxcahhx ctpo4>bi H cxeaaer, H OHH npebpamawtch b KesaBHCHMue pevem tx m n a cehtehuhh. noao6nbim H xepram h abtocemahthm o& iaaaiot m ho m e crpoich K3 'T o p f l o t yma rph lsoeaob a, M opaab 6aceM, o ia e x b H u e 4>pa3N h s peweii b c h h k h x o p a ro p o B h a p. Tax we pe>khhh 3TO KaK 6bl MHKpOTeKCTbl. O h h BOIUIOtUaiOT B ce(5e HaKOrUieHHMH BenoBeqecKHfi o n u T, BbipaxceHHbiB b xynomectbchho-acteihmeckoh (JyopMe, HO C 4*0pM anbh0-ctpyktyph0it CTOpOHN OHH ItpeaCTaBnHlOT C060B O T aenbh w e npeanoxcekkh. 3 th pevehhh 6onee hbk MeHee nenco BbiaeJiaioTCB b c o c ra o e CBepx4>pa- 30Bbix eajihctb h 6onee KpynHMX orpeskoe TCKCTa, Mto xce KacaeicHaBroceMaHTHH C<I>E, to hx He3aeHCHM0CTb Bbtpaxcaeica paahm m h cpeactb3mh, B to m >«cjje:a) rpa(j>h>ieckhmh, 6 ) rpammathbcckhnar, B)neK- OOKCKHMH, r ) CeMaHTHBCCKHMH, a) KOMIK>3HlIHOHHMb«, «) CIHnHCTHqecKHMH. IlHCbMeHHa* p e% c o ae p x o rr k m to y cx o n b saio m ee 01 BHHMaHHH ih ta re iia, H e n o noarekctobot, h m to Heaocraro<ofO x cho BNpaxceHHoe, a HH oraa h fip o cro HeBbipameHHoe, c tc p u ro e. A B rop x a cro cioioheh n p e a n o n a ra ib, h to <ut- TSTCJIb BHaHT MHp H OUCKHBaeT HBJieHHfl TSK * e, KaK H OH. O T doaa 3Ha*IHMOe, Mano3HaxHMoe h HeaHaqHMoe H a x o a rr cc6n b paahom ineneh iih re K cra, b paahoh ctenehh abiocemahthh e ro otpe3kob, tot

105 OcoGoh abiocemahthcm o& iaflaet taicoh oipeaok Tetccta, KaK uhrara. 3ro- My )ianehhfo yacnnetca cjihihkom Mano BHHwaHHH, a oho okaaubaetca BecbMa CymeCtBCHHWM C TOMKH 3peHHH C3MOH npo&iembl abtocemihihk. UHTaia Moacet 6 b m crpykiypho npeflcxabiteha oahhm hhh hbckojibkhmh iqtetpioxcehhflmh. B iuiahe coaepncahhn tu traia cuenneha, no He cbnaana c kohtc k c to m h HMeer KaK petpocnekihbhuh, t s k h npocnekikbhwh xapantep. npocnekuhh UHT3TW ococehho poctynha HaftnoneHmo b annrpa^iax. BecKO- HeiHo paauoogpaahbie G unn <J)opMbi HBHoro, nojiyck pw roro h ck p u ro ro uh- THpOB&HHfl, 4>OpMbl ogpamhehhm m nat KOHTeKCTOM,4>OpM bl HHTOHamiOHHblX KaBbi'ieK, pa3flh4hbie crenehh oimyamehhn h;ih ocboemm m m ipy emoro fyjico ro cnoba. H aaecb HepeflKO BoaHHKaCT npo&iema; tpithpyet abrop GnaroroBeHHO hjih, HanpOTHB, c Hpomteti, c HacMeutKoii. flbycmbicnehhoctb b oraom em m k nyncomy cnoby Macro GbiBana HapOMHiofi [M. EaxrHH, ]. U H raia aro flefictbhtenbho My*oe cjiobo, h noatomy, (corpa o h s no- HBJmerca b TCKcie, o» a abtohomha. Kohcmho, ara abtohomhoctb omochttttb- Ha, KaK, BtrpoMeM, h b c c b rek cie: ahepriw mnerpanhh KaK oflhoh Ha xapflh- HantHbix rpammathmeckhx xaierophh rek cra HppajtKHpyer na secb tc k c t, 3aciaBJUm xawabih anemeht, xaambift ero kom oohcht cpeflcibamh Korea hh noflmhhhibca, h, bo bchkom cny<iae, aabhcetb o t conep(bcatehbho-4>aktyanbhoii h b H iore cojrep)katejtbho-ko HuenryanbHOii HH^opMatuiH. 3HaMeHHioe pene- KHe Meite to u t se t k n t - nphmenhmo k camori cncrem e aabika, oco&bhho k ee peanhaauhh b ickcre. XyttoTKHHK HeBojibHo akuehrnpyet re cropohbi BBJteHKB, Koxopwe etny Kaxcyrcji cytuectbehhbimh a b b ero KOHtienmtH, a aro b cboio onepettb Haxjiaaw- Baer Ha BbigeneifHbie OTpe3KH TeKcra neieoiopyio abtocemahthw. AxryanH3aiow HeHaGeacfto BJieiei aa cogoii H exoiopyio aonio HeaaBHCHMOCTH o t KOHTeKcra. OAHaKoaKTyajiH3ai(HBHaBToceMainHa nohflihb pa3hbie. AbtoceMaHihh aktyanhayet npeipiobcehhe huh cbepx<j>paaoboe sjvihctbo, ho He bchkhh aktyanhaobahhuii orpeaok TCKCTa Moxcei nojiyhhtb crary c nance orapchtenb- HOH He3aBHCHMOCTH. O rcw ita cnenyet, mto tihiara h m «t hmqckc / / He3aBHCHMocra. Ha aro o6 mhho ykaabibaior h rpa<t»meckhe cpeflctba xabbiikh twin rap e. UuraTa, BextopH o HanpaBJieHHaa n p o cnexthbho, nocienetnfo Tepaer cbok> He3aBnc«- Mocib. B o ap au m cb k Heft no Mepe npoflbhnceroia no TeKCTy, m u bhahm re 4x>pMbi K oreamt, KOTOpbie HHBennpyioT ee abtocemahraio. Ho UHBia Macro BBJiaeTCB cpeflctbom noflkpeithtb cogcibeimyw Mbioib BbicKaaubbhhcm ks- K oro-io abtophtethoro jihua. B takom cnynae crenehb HeaaBHCHMOcra UHTaTW 3HaMHieHbHO CHHXCaeTCfl. nphbefly JIHUIb oohh nphmep, no Heo6xoAH- MOCTH flobojibho IIpOCipaHHblft, H3 CGOpHHKa OHHTaKCHC H CTHJIHCTHKa, " E c i b a c e och O B am oi y n e p x n m, a r o nym epanbh M e nooaejk W HH e o m e iu n o T c a o r itpenm erh O lt w i n b u e i u x aiccnpectm H (im n M e p K m u a ia, lu jttj ie i g ia p e M b i). M H o ra e Ha a ik x H ym epanob o O n a n u o r a p K o fl crwihcthm eckon O K pack oa, a M o u H o H a n u to c ru o h axaip eccitb H O C T b io. B A. B H tto rp a a o B n u c a n : " A n a B o n n o m e m ia n o t u m i a C o itb u to ro KunHMecTBa, m C b it K a, o O h jh m h b pycck O M n a u K e nph M enaicrrcfi m p a a y c acctpatcthbim h, s e e G o n ee S K cnpecck B H bie, G o n ee B b ipuh T enbh bie H a p o n x b ie c n o s a : m h o * o, m h o - m t c n o, T b «a, tfeao w t, l y w, n p o tta cn, e r p a e n, y&ma, c t u u k t a. J lr w npoh H K H obeh iui b rn y G H H H u e o c h o b u c m m o io b o B c u c r e M u oob pem ek H oro p y c c x o r o n a u K a M pesb brna iw c y in ecrseh H O p a c f c p u n c o n e p n c tb ie, o o c tb b, ak cnpeccnbh o-cninh CTH M eck M e O K pactm h O K p tc ta t h c iy n i p a c u m p e io tn o o n o 6 «w x cem«hthmeckkx n o n e fl. 102

106 ... T*kjim o O p a o o M, K o r a i e c m e H H u e c n o n a h c o ^ e n i o i s c n o «.,. P i c i n c B e r n e kojbii M c n e H B O - i t M e B i M r o c o a e r a H H H cnyaorr npeacne B c e n > tie h u m jxcnpeccjfh n n e n r a nonojih u c t c r n ekchko-^jpa a eo j io r at ec iw M H c p e a c T B * M H, p» j h o o < ) P * 3 h u m h n o cthjinrut<ieckolt OKpacxe, SMOur a m n u i o c i H h SKcnpecatBHOcro oiosawr n coictwoihmh cjiob *. Ha 3iom nphmepe bhah o, KaK cnoba k cjioboconetahmt b uwiate h b abiopckoh pe'th ckpeimwoi oipeskm TeKCTa, CHiDKafl b 3HamneiibttoH ctenehh bbtoccm annuo uh iana. Ofta cnywht sgecb nopkpeiuiehhem mmcjih ab iopa h ik o to - My oprahhteckh BnnetaeTca. b ochobhoh tc k c t. H Bee * e ona o&ianaet Heico- TOpOH HCSaBHCHMOCTblg. 3aBHCKMblMHOKa3MBaiOTCH npeahojkehkji, BblpaXcaiOiuHe mmcbh aaio p a. He3aBHCHMocrb cbepx^paaobbix cshhctb KaK KOHcmTy 3hto b TeKCTa nopaaitomy npohbfifietcr b paahwx ctkjihx h b paam tx noacnuiax <j>yhkuh0 Harib- Hbix cmnefi. Aance b xcahpobux pa3hobhahoctax oflhoro nonciioih ara rpam- MaTH'jecKaa KaTeropHa oshapyxcmbaetcb B cbohx BapHamax. CaMa HCaaBKCH- MOCTt Moxcer paccmatphbaibch c ^ohenweckofi, nekchieckofl, rpammaxmeckofl h coflepxtaiejibhofi ctopoh BHyrpn C E. C ifohethmeckoii cropohbi He3aBHCHMOCTb n e rte Bcero npocnenhtb Ha gpa- MatyprHaecKOM rekcie. 3necb peruihka: e cropony. T.e. BbicKa3biBaHHe, koropoe c&fl3ah0 c npyrhmh pennhkamh b coacparaiejibhom h crpykryphom nnauax, BbiflejiHexcB HHTOHaiweH BciaBcwHoro xapaktepa. CBoeo6pa3HO npohbjifleicb abtoccmakthh (jjonenw eckoro nna Ha b noanmeckom TeKcte. 3necb ptrr- MHKO-MenoAH'fccKoe Haiano h noarekcr MOryr BMflenHTb He TOJibKocrpoKH oc- HOBHbie eahhhhbi CTHxa), ho h cfloba h nance cnyxceshbie aaemchtbi. * T y i Kanc- Hbiii cn o r aameaeh h b aecth.tyi Kane am ft c th x d ih a h t ce6a repoem (nym K H H ). 4*oHerHMecKan abrocemahnw tcch o CBjmHa c npo&iemoft aktyajuoaiuni. Mro KacaeTCfl a p jth x <)>gpm peanh3atuui HesaBHCHMOciH BHyTpH C4>E h we*ay hhmh, to hx nem e Bcero ybhactb b xynoncecrbehhwx tekcrax. C nckch^eckoh CTopoHM HesaBHCHMOCTb oipeaicob ochapyxchbaet ce6n orcyrcibhem KaKHx-jiHOo nobtopob cjiob h cnobocoqeiamtft, SyKBanbHbix HJIH CHHOHHMWIHblX. C rpammaiwieckoh CTOpOHbl OHa BblpaWaeTCH OTCyTCTBH- CM ACHKTHIieCKHX 3JICMCHTOB H HapyiUCHHeM OAHOTHJ1HOCTH HOCIpOeHHA C<UE hjih assatta. HaKOtieu, c coflepxcatejibhofi CTOpOHbl abtocemahthh, KaK 3to ynee 6w no nokaaawo Bbiuie, Bbiciynaer b BHAe cehremthh «A pym x <j)opm o6o6mehhbix BbicKaabiBamtfi. ABTOceMaHTHH b Sonee KpyitHMX otpeskax TeKCTa Mojxet 6bin> OToacnecT- BJiena C T3K Ha3MBaeMNMH abtopckhmh OTCTyiUICHKBMH, O KOTOpbIX HaM yace npmimocb robophtb. H ysxe ynoboutan, tr o HeicoTopbte aaropbi ymbiiunehho HapymaioT ecrectbehhbifi Ann opranhsobshhoro te k c ta nopaaok cjieaobahhh Baciefi h co3oaiot otacjibhbie "KycKH TeKCTa, Btinaaatom ite to osiucro nnaha nobect- BaHHfl. TaKHe KycKH nojiynaiot HC3aBHCHMOCTb h MOryr 6wn> o6o3hanehbi HHACKCOM H. IlpHBenCM nphmep, a kotopom cboeospaaho npohbjmexch 3aBHCHMOcib/He- 3aBKCHMOCTb otflenbhbix orpeakob. B yxce pahee uhthpobshhom npoh3beaehhh BoHHeryra Eohhh HOwep nxtb" HMeerca uenbih paa otshbok. OaHa H3 hhx Ha<tHHaeiCKcnoBaMH: 1 ( HHTaKaic h chuihcikkb. M,, 1976, c , J03

107 "KOHC'fflO, BTO pu MHpOBM B O *ttt BCCX 046Kb OKeCTOWIia. A A CIVI MbenyKXUHM o m e n o M an eu m efl cbbgh nph k o m iu ih h \HxreKepan jjw k tp h k ", b hlehcktcah, i i m t H u o -d o p K, h AoOpoBOJibueM noxtaptioll a p y ttm U b ik h x jik c A n u in o c, ro e a Kyroui cuoft oepbmfi ao m. M o» HavanMiHK G u n o o t h n h i h m m x K pyt ux n tone A, k jk h x a BCTpeBan. H a n eio ct, m o HHKorna G o n u n e mb cnwikhycb c tb k h m xpytmm vsnobeicom, k b k G u siu tifl moa h*<uuibhhk. O h G un p w u u ie nonitonkobhhkom, o iy x o tn B O tnejie CBDJH KOMIMHHM, B B w rh M O pe. K o ra a x Oiy*MJI B BJeHeKleBH, OH nphmkhyj] K HMUIUUl- CKOtt p«<}k>pmhctckoa UepKBH, B liepkobb 3T» TOJKe HOBO/lUtO KpytBB. lacio oh c nines xofl cnpsiuhbtn Mena, note My a He npenyawaca m o<j»mepckoro whb. Kbk Gyaro a cnena/i wo-to CKBepHoe. Mm c wehofl hsbho aiycuum mui MottoaoR *npok. IloiunH mhwi to owe toom. H npyaouik mu c touchmh nerepaimmh boahu h c hx toiwhmoimh xtetumn. no-moeny, CBMBte CHMIUTHMHUe HI BeTCpaHOB, CBMMe nogpbtc, CBMUe SBHBTHUe H KeHBBHnJOlBte Boflny Gonune scex - ito re, kto cpancanca no-h»croauiemy. Tonta a Huncan b ynpabjiehhe BoeBBo-Boinyonftix etui, mogu B u acn m nonpoghocth nanem hb XlpeawtJ: kto nphkiran GomAitb ropon, ckojimco Gujto ttocmuw CBMoneroB, is<km nyaceh Cun HtuteT n w o tthm Bbotrpann. Mhc otbemn buiobck, kotopur, kbk n a, 3M«MancH BHeutHHMH cbxibmb. Oh mean, <no owhb coxcaneet, ho see cseneuha no chx nop cobepuieum cekpenfu. R nponen imcbmo Bcnyx <soett *ene h cxasan: - rocnow tm Goxte mor, cobepmehbo cekpetau - fl» ot koto ace? MHe y * e jipitxoaknocb oimeoarb, 4 t o KaTeropHH recccra cboeo6pa3»o neperuieiaiorch b jiio 6 o m rekcte h BbmenHib KaKyio-io Beaymyio KaTCroptuo gobouibho rpyflho, B s to m oipnbke o6patuaer na ce6 a BHHMaHHe BuaeneHHe a63aueb, 4 t o, k u k H3BeciHo, c sm o no ce6e ykaawsaei Ha KaKyto-To HesaBHCH- M ocn orpc3ka BbicKa3bcnaHMs. B nepbom afcaae BbisepacHBaeica KOimmyyM nobectbo BattHa, x o t h Meatfly nepbbim h BTOpuM npenjioacehhamh k h i o k o h BHjuiMOH CBH3H HeT. Eojiee Toro, coenmhehhe 3 th x flbyx npeanowehhfi Kaacetca anorhmhmm: npeqmuipytomee npeanoacehhe K ohcm ho, Bropaa MKpoBaa BOHHa Bcex oichb oacectotojia ' - npeacraet b HaoJiHpoBaHHOM BKae, T.e. npho6 peraer HeKHii cxaiyc abtocemahthh, rwckojibtfy sropoe npeanoacemie "A a CTan aabcayiomhm... * mncak He noonepxckbaet Mbicnb, BbicKa3aHHyio b nepbom. 3 t o npennoxceime, 3K3HCTeHitHOKanbHoe no CBoeMy nonmecicomy cocraby, oiyxcht KaK 6bi s b c h o m, cbaayiouoim nepboe npesnoacehhe c TpctbHM ( MoB HananbHHK 6bur o o h h m H3 cambix Kpytbix moneft ). CBH3yiou ih m 3BeH0M Bcero acsana h b jih c tc h o i o b o Kpyrou b paahmx cnosojtopmax h 3Ha*teHHHX (uepkobb KpyTSw). TaKHM o&paaom h anecb m oxcho npocnenhtb paajihmhe, xoropoe cymectbyer Mexcqy MmcpoananHaoM, nohhmah non 3 th m ananira Ha ypobhe npeanoxcenhh, h MaKpoanajiHOOM, T.e. ahannaom Ha ypobhe C<I>E h B c e ro otpbibka. T perh H a 6 3 a u B b u ta n a e r H3 nob ect B O B atenbh oro KOHTHKyyMa, xbjihh co- 6oh oih och T ejibh yio abtocemahthto. T o xce moxcho c n a a a tb h o nocneah em a 6 a a u e : HecM OTpn Ha c B m y io m e e T o ra a, oh ioxce He C B saan c a p y n im H a6aai(3m H h n o aro M y B HeM T anxce npofcbjinexca OTHOcanenbHan HesaBHCH- M o c tb. OaHaK O c tohkh 3peHHH K areroph H KoreaHH, k sk oh a o rm cah a Bbinte, oh u e o 6 J ia a a e t HeaaBHcHMOCTbio: n e p e a otchbkoh, c K o io p o fi mm H a w ih ah anh a, ect b n B a a 6 3 a u a, m e ro B o p H x c a o /Ip e a a e H e, o H an ere ab H am m h o n p e a n o n a ra e M O H KHHre, nocbhuiehhoit BapBapcKOH h 6eccM M C Jie(u»if 6o m - C apah p o B K e n p e ic p a c H o ro r o p o a a. TaKHM o 6 p a 3 0 M t b 3t o m nph M epe, KaK HaM K ax cerca, moxcho npocneah T b cooth om eh H e M exyiy K ateroph H M H "ab xocem ah TH a h "K O reah a. 104

108 HesaBKcHMOCTfc o rpeax o B rek cra noao6ho nesabhchmocth npennoxceh iui B cerna OTHOcureribHa. T cm h h jih h h u m h nyihmh conepxah H e o tp e a x a, xaxeym erocn neaabhchmmm o r oiepy*eh H fl, ok aam B aeroi onocpenobahho cueiurehh h m io c aaronobkom r e x c ia, t o c conepxahhem n o c n e n y n n u tx h u h npenh n y- iu h x e ro o ipeaicob. PiBM ep aroa rnabbi m no3b on«er nphbecth tcoincpeth ue UpHMepbl T9KHX CUCJUieHHH. O ju ttx o floctatoqho BcnOMHKTb I5K Ha3bIBae- M iie HHpmectCHe o rciy n n eio th b "E B reto m OHerHHe, TroCbi y a m jerb, k o k o h h ybhuhu c o6wea xohuenuhea ab iopa. B c b m o m n o c ry n a te jib B O M h b h k c h h h t e x c t a abtocem AHTHH otjiejibhbix oipe3kob o iy * m k *k 6 m nayaoa, ocrahobkofi, n ep en u im co fi. O h8 OTKJiKmaer b k h m o h h c qm aien H ot h h h h h nobectbo Bam u, H H o rfla noflhhmeh x a x o e - n H C o jrajiehhe h b y po B eh b <j)hjtoco< M!Koro o6o6 iuchhh. TaKHM oopaaom, abtocematmu otpeaicob rex era flbnaetca xem neo S x o - IKMUM npnewom oprahh3auhh Texcta, xoropwa 06ecne4HBaeT 6onee yrny6 - nehhoe paocpum e conepxcateinbho-xohueiityanbhoh HH<]>opMauHH, xax ee xomct n e p e n a n asiop. rjia B A v a PETP0CF1EKHHH H npocpekumfl B TEKCTE IJpouiAoc CTpacmo iaadutcn e epxdyutee (A. BJ10K). flepexozui k paccmorpchhio xaterophh petpocnextauhh h npocnexukh, mu chobb OfcaaMBaeMCH b c$epe BpeMeHttux h npocipahctbemibix notum ui h hx peajih3auhh b «3bixe. n o cyuiectby peipocnexm w h npocnexima hbjuuotch 4>opMaMH QHCKOHTHHyymb. Ohh nepettbmika b 6 ere imhehhoro pa3beptubbkhh Texcta. Mepe3 3ih xaierophh ocymectbjutetch t o t npouecc, 6ea kotoporo HCB03M03XH0 ocmucjiehhe npohcxo/wmero. Hmbhho ohh, h oco6 eimo peipocnexiow, nexcar b ochobb coaflamw jm nhpmecxoro reaaypyca witatejifl, GnarqnapH xotopomy oh b coctohhhh npohmchyn b cbh3b BpeMeH. B aroh CBX3H HeCeabiHrepecHo coo6 pa*ehhe y. BeAHpeAxa: 'TIo-bhohmo- My, yhhbepcaobhoh aaxohomephoctbio jibjuktcx cnegytoiuhh $atct: n o otholuehhio x frpownomy b u u x a x npobomrrch Qonuite (hjih c to ju k o Jtce, ho He MCHMiie) BpeMCHHUX pa3jdroih, <km no othoiuehhto x 6ynymeMy. K ojufkctbo crenehea npouutocth h ee t h r u luhpoxo BapbHpyioiCH no jbukbm h npenctabnjuoi C060S HHtepecHbift MatepHan HCcneaoBaHHH [y. BeAHpeAx, 179]. B OojibuiKHCTBc TexcTOB petpocnexibm npohbjmerc* hmojihuktho. OHa ochobbha Ha cnoco6nocth Hamefi ium jith ynepwrnatb pahee coocmehhoe h cueiuihtb ero c coocmaemum b oahhom otpeaxe nobectbceahhh. Hmchho m HMiLHHinnHocTb petpocnexuhh npenociabjuer Bojiuuoh npoctop Boo6 paxehhto u r o ie M o "creneiwx npomnoc. HohbnpocnexicHH,bxotopoATo>xe,xaxaro6yneTnoxa3aH0 hhxcc ( b o th b 3T0H 4>pa3e B03HHKJM RpOCneKHHA), KMHJIHIIKTHOCIb, nepeiuietlhcb C OTRejIbhmmh axcruihuhtho BbipaaceHHbiMH CHmajiaMH, HanpaBJiaeT BHHMaHHe HHiaTejik, Mo&untayer ero TBop^ecxHH norehioian npenyraflubatb to, s to 6ynet 105

109 mjioxceho b fla^mtehiuem pa3sepiubahkh rekcra. ymecrao aqeci ynomxhytb aam em amie r. BefiHpuxa o tpyhkaiui apnikjix b le K c ie. BeitapHx ycm arph B aer b onpeqenehhom h HeonpeqeneHHOM apnuautx chraajibi cooreercibehho nocnowpopmaijjui h npeahh({)opmauhh 01. W einrich, 1971; 1979). P erpocnek U H H h npocnek U H H KaK K a re ro p im rekcta B unonh xiot ahano* rhmhbie 4>yHKUHH Co6CTBeHHbIMH TeKCTOBblMH CpeflCTBaMH. KaKHe xce TeKCTOo6pa3y»m ne ^yfucnhh aajioxcehbj b K a re ro p m ix perpocnck A H H h iipocnek - UKH? PaCCMOIpHM HX n o OT/teJIBHOCTH P e T p o c n e K im a rp a M M a m M ec K a x K a x e r o p n a r e x c i a, o& bea H H JH om ax <t»op* m u flsu K O B o ro B M paxceh H B, O TH och iuh e u rr a T e jih k n p e w u e c T B y io tu e H c o q e p * xcaiebbhchpaktyajikhoh HHcpopMaiiHH. P eipocnek to M npob B /ih ercx a b o h k o : а ) K orna npeqiuecreyiom aji HHiJjopMamw yxce 6 h j» Hanoxcem b te K c ie ; б) Koroa n p e q m e c rb y io u ia ji HH^opMauHX, Heo6xoqHMaH o h h CBB3H c o 6u t h h coo6uiaetca, npepusan nocrynaiejjbhoe ABHxceHHe TeKcra, T.e. npohcxoqht nepeciahobka BpeMeHHbix imahob nobecroob ah H ff. PetpocneK ipifl nopoxmaeich coflep*atejiwtoh}>aktyajn.hok HHipopMauHeii. A Biop cjiobechoro npohabeqeioih, Bosapauiafl w rat ena k yxce pahee coosiueh- HbtM cpakiam, oqebhuho, npm aet KaKoe-io 3HaMeiute b th m cpakiam, nphbjie- Kaa k HHMBHHMaHHe HHraTena, aacrabitaa ero yabpxchbatb b nabmth orqenbh ue MOMeHTbi cooguiehhh. TaKHM ospaaom. D et p o cn ek im a BM CTynaei h b p o jih Kore3HH, PeipocnejjHH MOXteT 6u n > n p e a c ta B J ie n a b rexcre b rp ex BHoax» 3aB»CHMOCTH o t ro ro, KaKas nparmathbeckaa ycrah O BK a nexcht b e e o c h o - b b h h h : a) BOCCiaHOBKTb B TO MATH MHTaTCBH pahee aahhbie CBeneHHfl HJIH COoClUHTb emy HOBue, om och uuieat k npomjiom y h Heo6 xoanmhie abb nokhmahhfl nyre fi AaJibHefiiuero p a s B e p iu B a khh iio b ectbobann a ; 6) AaTb B03M0XCH0CTb nepeocmucahtb 3TH CBeACHHH B HOBblX ycbobhhx, B A p y ro M K O H rek cie, c yieto M r o r o, m to 6u n o cxaaah O a o perpocnekthbhoh Macro; b ) aktyajih30bayb orq ejtb K b ie M acro r e x c i a, onocpeaob ah H O o ro o c H m n e c fl k coaepacateabho-kokuentyabbhoft HHCpopMaujtH. CneaoBaiejibHo, K ateropw i petpocnekium neh36extho B/ieMet aa co B o h x a - Kyio*To nepeakuehtyauhio o rq e jtb H b ix xaciefi TeKcra. To, m to SnaroqapH p aa- HbiM npnemsm pea/ihaaujih KaieropHK peipocnekuhh BOCKpecaei B Hauieu nambih, aacrabjuiet Hac nepeouehhtb shaiekhc BocKpeuiaeMoro h nepeq- KO TO, MTO KaaaBOCb HppeBeBaHTHUM HBH BTOpOCTeiKHHblM, CT3HOBHTCX B pnq 3HaMHMUX MaCTCH. PexpOCneKIOM OCo6eHHO 3<p4>eKTHBHO BOCnpHHHMaetCB nph IlOBTOpHOM H MHoroKparaoM npomtetnm TCKcra. flpakthmeckh KaxcAUft t c k c t b KaKOH-TO ctenehh ochobah Ha perpocnek- K hh. JlocBeqoBaTeBbHoe HaKonnetnie HHtpopMauHH HeBCOMOxaio 6ea ynepxcah h h b namhth HHcpopMaumt, HOJiyMeHHOH pahee. OAHaKo petpocneiput KaK K aierophd TeKcra npeqnonaraet uenehanpabflehhoe qefictbhe co cropoh u abtopa. B e ro snacth aaciabhib MHrarejw BU3BaTb H3 i u m h t h cpaktbi, k o t o - p u e a o jd k h m 6b irb akiyajihsobahu. PerpocreKUHH Mcxcer 6u tb cy&bekrobhojthtaxejibckoh h o6 iekthbhoabiopckoii, T.e. ohs MoxceT hbhtbcji pe3ybtratom hhahb HflyantHoro TBop- 106

110 leckoro BoenpHHTHX KOHTMHyyMa nobectbobahhh huh we pe3yju>iatom abtopckhx ccwjiok «a npejuuectbyioiiqte lacthtekcia.ilojicmhmhamy Mbicnb. HHTateiib BojieH Mbicneiwo B03pamaTbcx k y*e npohhtahhhm mhcthm, b CBH3H C tem MTO 3TH MaCTH, 3aCTpjlBlllHe B HaMBTH, OKa3blBa»TC«CUenJICHHUMH c (faktamh, CoCblTHflMH, OnHCaHHXMH, nobbimmhilhmucb B IlOCTyiiaTenbKOM ftbhxchmh vocftpmtthb tekcta. 3 ia cy6 tckthbhaa perpocnekuhb b KaKOfl-ro Mepe nopoxmeha rpammaihieckoti KateropHed HHTerpauMH, cbh3bibaiomeit Boepjrao om em H ue 6 jiokh nosectbobamifl. Bo3Bpameiuie (MbicneuHoe) k panee fipohhtahhomy ogblhho HBJUKTCH CJICHCTBHCM CSMOH K0MI103HHHH TeKCTa, Koropajf hchsgmkho nphb«3wbaer SHX/nanne wrateimt k tcm hjih hhwm 3«aKO- MBiM (GoJiMiieK <uctbio aktyamoobahhbim) 3/iCMCHTaM TeKCTa. K orpa xce b lek cre nodbjiaiotch TaiCHe cnosa h BWpa*eHHH, kbk e>*y ecnomhu/toct, ponee y x e ynomuhanocb e tom, hto..., vuw raib homhut, uto u onatb neped HUM npohochtch KapTtiHW npoiujioio H T.U., nepen HaMH O&beKTHBHO-aBTOP' ncaa perpocnekuhb. PerpocnepHH peajihsyerca pa3hmmh cnocosamk, cpejw KOiopux ocogoe mccto 3aHHMaeT nobtop. CaMa perpocnekuhh Toxce cboeogpashbifi nobtop IlOBTOp MhlCJIH, KOTOpbJH, ectectbehho, 3aM«UI«eT HBHXCeHHe HOBCCTBOBaHHX, XaKAM ogpaaom, peipocnenhjo mojkbo paccm arpm an k jk nay ay, k s k nepepbib KOHTMHyyMa nobectbobahhs fljrw ro ro, mto6 m aktyamaobatb pawee H3- noacehhoe h, Hepewco. hto 6u nph oan cqrepxcatenbho-^aktyanthoh HH$op- MauHM KSKyio-To xacti. coaepacaienbho-kohuenryajebhoft. 3HaMeHite ahanhshpyemofi KaieropHH sakmoiactca eme h b tom, mto otia HMTerpHpyer BpeMBHHuc cpesu npon3bcflehna. Mhmmh cnobamh, petpocnek> ohh aacrabjihet paccmarphbaxb tc k c t c tomkh apehhh npoiunoro, Kactoxutero k b onpeacnehhmx ycnobhxx Gyaymero. 3 to xopouio c$opmynhpoban M.A. CanapoB: Kaxmhiii BpcMCHBOti cpe3 npohsbcnemu! KaK npopecca camo- BocnpoH3Boaxiaerocx h CHttreanpyeMoro b aktyaxbhom ToacaecTBe ogtekta h cygwkaia ttemhbyemo o&benhhxer: 1) yxce ocymectbhbuieecx, "BbiKpHcrajinH30BaBuieecfl h "aatbepaebrnee npoimioe; 2) HenocpencTBeHHO nepextmaemoe HacToxwee; 3) euie He ocymectbkbtueecx, ho yxce ahthiuinhpyemoe <Jynyiuee ' [M.A. CanapoB, 98}. KaK h OonbiiiHHCTBo rpammanneckhx KaxeropHii rekcia, petpocnekohx OKasbiBaeTca xecho ybh3akhoii c apyrhmh KaieropHXMH - KoreaHeii, HH<}>op- MatHBHOCTHO, UieHHMOCTWW, abtocemahthch H HpyTKMH. PeaaH3aHHH R8HHOH KareropHH b 3HaMHTejn>HOH CTeneHH ogycnobnena nonroiobjiehhoctbio MHTa- Tea* k BoenpHXTHM coaepxcatenbho^cohuerrryanbhofl HH^vopMaoHH. KaK 6bino yxaaaho, CKH He Bcerna nenco ackoflhpyetcfl. TpeGyercH onpeneaehbax HaMHTaHHOCTB, nohhmahhc JaKOKOB XyaoaceCTBeHHoH H306pa3HTenkH0CTH. CTHJIHCTHMeCKHX nphemob H CTpyKTypHbtX <J)OpM KOMnOSHUHH, He robopa y*e 0 6 o6meft KymType, mtogu anckbanio BOCtipHHjrn, conepxcateiibho-kohttemyanbhyn HH<}>opMauKio. OoHaKo HeKoropfaie HCCneaoBaTeJiM He cqmaiot nphhimnhanmio bdichwm pa3ahmhe M e*ay noarotobnehhwm h HenoaroioBneHHMM w tatejiem [H. Verdaasdonk, C.C. Van R ees]. 1 nowienjtee, paaymeercx, omockrca k npocnucuith. 107

111 PerpocneKUKx hc Bcerna cpasy o a m a e rc a KaK oahh hs tiphcmob akiyantuaukh OTpeaKa BbicKaabiBaKHB.oiiocpeflOBaHHO cnococctbyioiiihh nekoflhpo- BaKHio CKM. PeitiaminHft <J>aKrop a n x nonyneum noxaoii xterwtecku 3Hav«- MOH HH<j)OpMaitHH HOBTOpeHHe. TojIbKO nph ItOBTOpBHMH MOXCHO aflekbfltho BOcnpHwiTb xynoxcectbbhhoe npoh3beneh»e. BneHameHKfi, KOTOpue jihuib MenwcaiOT npw nepbom htchhm, nocrenckho, cpenctbamh petpocnekuhh, ogpetamr nekyu peajibhyw <t>opmy, 3Hain- TenbHOCTb, BecoMoctb. K TOMy ace petpocnekuhfl, cnocoscibyfl Sonee rnydo- KOMy nohhmahhh) B3aHMO3aBHCHM0CTH OTHeflbHblX HaCTeit ICKCTa, TeM CaMbIM ofiecnewbaet npouecc HHterpauHH. CySbeKTHBHaH p e ip o c n e K iv v i a B B a e ic a He TOJibKO HHjW BJwyajibHo H anpab - TieHHWM BCKTOpOM 3H3HH33, HO ff OnOCpepPBZHHO C3MH1W napflmctpom TeKCia. C ysbek T H seh w a iib B b is o p H actefl, K o x o p w e noab eprnh C b peipocnek U H H. K o H eih oe M HoacecTBo ehhhhii TeKCTa n p e n n o n a r a e i KaKOfi-To n o p a n o K b p a c n o - JIOHCeHHH 3THX eqhhhtt, a B C3MOM 3TOM HOpmUCe, KaK 6bU10 HOKaSaBO B o ia B a x o m eh H M ocrh h K ore3h H, aanoaceh a c o o ib e ic ib y io m a ji HH4>opMauHH. (fro d b i ee nekohhpobatb, c n e n y e i n p o B e cih TuiaTenbH biti ah ajuia B 3aH M onono- wehhx l a c i e i i T e K c ra, <rro Hen5excHO BneneT k p erp o c n e u H H. CydbeKTHBHoe MHeHHe o 3HaiHMOcTH B3aHM OjjojioBceHna 'J a c ie a ie K c ia flam Horo n p o i m e n e - h u b odbwho npoh C T ek aer H3 o d u ie u "ct p arerh H ab TO pck oro 3aM bicna h He MOBCei BblHTH 3 a H pftnejlbl OTpaHHWHtlft, HaKJiaflblBaeMblX CaMHM TeKCTOM, PaccKaa MexoBa KpacaBHUH HaqHHaeTca oimcahhem; I 1 o m h k x <5yay)H euie r n M U a 3H C T O M V hjih V I tuiacca, a ex a a c a e n y i u x o R hs ceaa E o n b i u o B K p e n K o A flonckofl o & u c t k b PocT OB - Ka - Ho H y. A t m 6u n ab r y e r o B C K H R, i b o R h u R, T O M H T e n b H o - C K y w u R. O r x e a p u b c y xo r o, r o p j n e r o Beipa, t m B W e r o H a M Ha- Bcrpeay ofinaio rnjjni, cnunajihd ritaaa, coxno b o pry... llepe3 HeCKouibKo crpahhu b paccka3e no*bjiheicx cneoyiomee oiwcahhe HyBCIB h coctoxhhx pacckaihhka " H o n o r o M a M a n o - n o M a n y aa6btn o ce6e h aec b o t n a n c a outyiuektoo K p a c o n i. ft y * H e R O M H H n o ctciihor C K y x e, o numt..." PeTpocneK U H H a n ecb peanh3yeich cjiobbmh h yxc «e nomhhji. BHHMaHHe HHIBTeJIH nepehochtcfl C C06bITHH, TtpOHCXOAHlUHX B MOMSHT OIIHCaHHfl, Ha n p e a u ie c rb y io u ih e JMHHOMy co6bithk> 4>aKiu h 3nH300b>< C neayet aqecb OTMenrrb h CTHJiHCTHMecKHii nphcm, KoiopwM MexoB ccofflaei 3CTeTHKO-'iyBctBeHHoe npeactabjiehhe o Kpacoie. 3 i o i ophem npoth- BonociaBJieHHe 6e3paaocrHoro neh3ax<a, TOMHienbHo-cKyiHOH h nbuibhoii no por n BHeaanHo (xnecnybiuefi h nopashbuiefi tohomy Kpacoie aebyiukh. nonym o aamexy, h t o c t i o b o n t i A b nobiopxerca no nphbeflehhoro Bioporo oipmbka MHoro pa3: o 6 n a K a nbinu B 5-h cipoke, c>ceo3b nw^jb d e p e e n u - * 10-h crpoke, «e 6 b t n o h u e e r p a. k U n u n u b 24-fi cipoke, 3attbt/ieHHbte u u3mopen- H b t e 3HoeM ~ b 26-fi cipoke, onxtb x a p a, rtbtab, r p n c K u e dopoeu b 34-it cipoke, h nanbiue onflib ene^ar/tenue dux c u x cxykou u nbinbfo, etue 3Ha- HHienbHo naxbrne,h t o x e e c b e n b t A U, sazopea... h, HaKOHeu, x y M h c h o m h u a o crenm ou ckyxe, o n b u t u,,.. C c u h k h Ha npenuiectbyioutee cnoco6ctby»t do n ee rnydokom y nohhmahhio TeKcra. B xynoxcecrbehhom npon3benenhh HepenKo BHHMaHHe WTaienH cocpenotoieho Ha oinenbhbix neianflx, HHoraa, K a a a n o c b 6bi, M a n o 3 H a M M M b i x, h o c h h o h x y n o x c e c i B e H H o r o H a o d p a x c e H u n c i a B - u i h x c y m e c T B e H H b i M H x a p a K i e p H C T H K a m h. B l a K H X c n y n a a x n e r a n b b o b i o - 106

112 pflctch HCCKOJIbKO p a a, B puhhx CHiyamUX H 'HpC3 HepBBHUe npomorytkm rek cia. TaK, x o p o rk M ry fik a khhtkhh EonKOHCKC# kuh o6 p a3 aepereh a Ha Be*tepe y Ahhm nam jiosh bj, hhh M H orok paraoe ynom H tuunie o K p aco re 3neH b Boim e h MMpe T o n c ro ro bcc 3to 4>opMbi p e a jn o a in o i K arerop im p e rp o c - neicuhh, nockohmcy bhbm bhhc vnait eim s e e»pemh B 03B pam aetcx k p an ee COO<5mCHHOMy. Kbk yxce O'TMexajiocb, rptmmanneckhe tctrerophh reiccia o6w<mo HacrontKO nepennerehbi, n o nonaac TpynHo otneron* «wiy xareropino o t npyrofi. Eonee roro, b oahom OnoKe" tc k c ts mobcho ycm Oipen pkhtbie kbtcrophh. BaxHo onpeaenxtb Benymyto Kareropwo, ae tep a a na Buny JipyrHe, DQOtHBeHHbie CH- PeT pocneknjw xecho cb aaaaa c KOHnmyyMoM. IlpcpwBH octb nosectb O * B aiu ta, k b k Gm jio nok aaaifo, o G u w o npo*bnsetcs b buac pa3mbjuniehhh abtopa, cmehti iui&hob nobect»abahha, npocnexuh H h peipocnekuhh. Bo3paaciH npcrrhb HwMop4>Horo nepeheceaiw KaTeropHfl rpammkhkh npeflno)kehha na rpammamcy Texcra, a t«m He wehee npaaaau HeKOTopue ahanonm BecbMa iraneshbimh. K hx w cny nphhaaneamr KBieropHH neftkchca. ICaK H3BCCTHO, flefikchc B [HHpOKOM 3H8</eHHH 3TOTO TepMKKa - 3TO ykamhhe Ha mo>nn6o. YKaaarenuibie mbciohmbhhh, HeKoropwe Hapc s u, yka3ubaiomhe HanpaBJieHHH hchctbhb h Aaxce Hexoiopbie n u ro n u, HMCiomHe b CBoefi cmmcjioboh CTpyKiype cemy HanpaBJieHHH ABHweHHa, asn n o rcx $aktamh neftxth- HecKoro xapaxrepa. TaKHMH ace <J>aKTaMH AeftxcHca no ahajionoi moxcho nph3haib nphbeaenhbic Bbiiue $pa3m Tuna: tcax 6mao CKa3ano et>iiue, pausembt y x e eoaopwtu o tom, w o..., ueocxodumo uanomhutb, 3TO 3acrae/taer hoc eepuyn c* uarad, e u y ecnom umocb, k o k heckonbtco a c t r o u y wood... B xh- HOHCKyccxBe perpocnekioih noayvuia BecbMa luhpokoe npkmehchne, npmcm perpociiekthbhbie xan p u <tacro Aawrcx b 3aieMHeHH0M, BHe<J)OKycHOM H3o6- paacehhh. OShmho aha4k>ph<ieckhh AeHKCHc, m m ier Y. BeftHpcftx, nphmenaerca Ana ccbuiok Hasan, Ha t c k c t, npentuecibyionnih MOMCHty p e w, nockoiu>icy HaanaMeHHe xak oro flenxch ca c o c to h t b HcnonbaoBaHHH yate coooinehhoh nh(t>opmanhh. OflHaKo b o3m o*ch h aha^ophheckhh a c h k ch c Bnepefl ; rtp«- MepoM ero M oryr cnyxotib rakme 3aMeKHieji(t nphjiararejibhbix h H apcw H,k sk cnenynnihh, cjieaytottntm ospasom, a w n. je t me sa y t h is (noobonbie MHe CK a3aibtro,..) [Y- BeHHpefix, 182]1. XUfiKTHaecKHe jjiemehibi tekcra osnenaiot nohhmahhe aabhchmocreft AHCKpeTHMX aacteii uenoro h 3KcruiHUHTHO pacxpbiaawt ary 3aBHCHMOcn>, ksk ee b k ah t asrop. Moxcho npobecth euie OAHy ahanonno. Kax hsbcctho, napaahtmaikaeckhe k chhtarmanneckhe othouichh* b npoitecce auami3a H3blKOBHX (JjaKTOB CJiyXCBT CpeACTBBMH BblHBJieHHa CHCTCMHWX, OHTOJIOrHneCKHX H 4>yUKltHOHaAbHMX CBOHCTB 3THX XBJJeHHH. B KaKOH-TO CTeneHH peipocnektthh no cbohm xapaicrephmm nphatiakam Mo«eT paccmatphbbtbca k sk npouecc napaimrmannieckoro nnaha. CoorHouieHHe to ro, o xem 6u n o dcaaano pahbute, c tcm, o «m peas h a s t ceftqac, coanaet b hbukm coanahhh CBH3H chcremhoro, a He jihheiiho4»yhxmjohajibhoro, nocrynarenbh oro nnaha, Cm. T a x * e mcke o npocnexiih H. 109

113 B ra se n tu x tc k c t ax petpocnekiihh nonyhaei oco6 we $opmbi peamoamoi. XHBOTpenemymiie Bonpocw nobceahcbhoft xk3hh napoaa, ncuiyhhbuihe i raaere to hjih hhoc ocbeuiehhe, bubhbbiot otkjdckh HHrateneH h b cboio onepeab Tpe6y» r aanhkwuero o6cyxnehhh. B te k h x cnyaaax penakmu tcpstko HBnaraer c y» Bonpoca co bcjucoto pooa kommchtsphbmh, BoccraHaBmmanuiHMH b ium xth HHTaTcjw cnopti h p acx o x n o o u bo i w m n n. B h3jiojkchhh cyra Bonpoca HepeoKO nohbjiaiotc* ccbunch m panee ynomjmyroe h tonaibi H3 BUCKaauBaHHB ynacnchkob HHCKyccHH. Hnniocipamieft m oxbt c n y w m "JIhcKy^cnoHHWA KJiyfi J ir ", b KOtopOM CHCTeMatiPiecKH nous* judotcx c ra m i h w m cikh AHCKyccHOHHoro xapixiepa. KaieropHH perpocnek- KHH b n m c n im x n p o a B jn e K ic oco6 oh o c ip o io i h HarjuwHOcrut). Boo6mc, b c ik m flhckycchh no camoh cboca nphpoae He mookct ocohtmcl 6e3 btoh KaieropHH. H y x e ynomhhaji, n o ajunoaiu KaK cthjihcrmeckhh npnem HBJuetc* cpenctbom pacuihpehhoro nepenoca cboactb k icanecib mh^ojioth* neckhx, 6H6neAcKHX, mnepaiyphbix, hctophhcckhx h np. nepcohaxeft h COChlTHft Ha re, O KOTOpUX HflCT pew B flahhom BMCKa3btB8HHH. rkmomy OHa He MOxeT paccmatphbatbca KaK pcrpocnekinut, b tom kohmmihkh aio ro Tep- Micaa, KaKoe naetca b Hamed pacoie. ilpyroe fleno uktsuhh1. Aiudpw h He BoccraiiaBJiHBaeT xopowo lobecihnh ogpas, a tubnekaer H3 Hero flonoraunenbhyio HH$opMaiiHK>t m rrara, HaoSopor, He npetennya Ha coogmehhe h o b o h HmjjopMauHH, ot C buiaer HHiaienfl k y x e H3BecTHOMy c uenuo p a s s im m u c h *, noflkpeinitv c b o io m u c i u, B upaavn HecornacHe h t j i. PeTpocneKixHH, kek y x e Gmjio bckojimb yk«3aho pahec, npennonaraer HeKOTOpyw nepeakuehtyaiyoo ea u o m TeKcra. Bcnca* coothecehhocrb oflhoft enhhhum c npyroh Hen36e*HO BJiener na C060ft conoctabnehke a n a em aam C TOHKH 3peHHH HX CCMaHTH'tCCKOft HJH XynoXCCTBeHHO-aCTeTHneCKOft BCCOm octh. 4nraTenb xpararr b natvurrh HwpopMauHio o <t>aktax, xapaktepncthxax nepcohaxeft, cos uthhx, BpeMeHH h Mecre hx nporekaiuix h, vro ohbhb bbxho, BhtpaGaTbiBaer, co3hatenbho hjih noaco3harejn>hot CBoe othoiuchhc ko BceMy coaepxam oo TeKCTa. Ho 3 to oraouiehhe eiue He cjioxhjioci> okohhaiejibho. Oho nonbepraeick H3MeHetauiM b cb*3h c ero cycbekthbho-ouehohhofl h acre* nneckofi MepKOH. HaMCHetoui cyfrbekthbho-oiiehohhoro ruiaha raicxe BoaMOXHbi TOJibKo b nponecce pctpocnekthbhoro ahamoa co6biihft h <J>aKTOB. npkbeny euie nphmepu o6ickthbho-abtopckcm pctpocnekuhh. B nobecnt M.K). JlepMOHTOBa KHxrHHfl JThtobck4JI** unaem: "K ohchko, hh o jp ia o n tb c n u a a tcpactb H ua He n o a e p a a a MHe nym h xybctb, bohhobbb* Unix ee r p y j a n o cn e nnhhhoro (ftute w n BeqepHHKH....'fro C u j i e n e y r a n n v, o iem JlK M B eia HHKOJtaesH* toeo jih n * n y M a n, a nphhyacnek, k cboem y B em utom y c o x a n e n o o, p a c tk a a a ib bbm H C K oropue < h c th o c th ee b u o h h ^ tc m O onee <rro n n a o fib a c H m n a cn ejty am p ix npohcotectbklt m o hm >6xoakm o. O h s pojuinecb b n e te p 6 y p r e h k h k o tb b He BMeaacana m fle re p fiy p ra - n p u n a, <vuw p» h* a b b M ecaua b P ea e r a n a b o jb j... h noaro M y HanpaBJieuHe ee n e w p fiy p rc K o ro B ocm rrah iu He nojiy^hjio h k k b k o to H3MeHeaHa; y H»c b P o cch h HecKontKO BUBcm tce H3 m o iih <tip»huy3ckhe m ia** i a i, a b Ile ie p C y p re h x s o s c e He n e p x a r..." 3aeca JlepMOHTC«np»Mo ykaawbaet Ha pora perpocnekhhh: o«a HeoGxo- 110

114 AHMa flm o&bhchehkh cnenyiomkx npohciixcctbhh. TaKHe CBeaemw, ksk : mnpanjichkc BocmtraHiu JbuaBeibi HHKonaeBHu He najiymrno HmcaKoro H3MeHeiutJi, <{>pahuy3ckhx MtnaM b nerepcypre bobcc He flepxai oohobpe- MeHHO npepblbbwt KOHTHHyyM nobectbobbhhfl, B03BpamaK>T HHTaTejia K 4>3K- TaM H COCblTMKM, npeouiectbobabulhm IlOBeCTBOBaHHN, H npeabocxhmaiot cocmthh h <t>aictu, KOTOpbic Hanaraioicfl nonw ee, T.e. nojiyuaiox h HeKoxopwii HMnyjnc npocnektora. PeipocneKUHH HeoiMMneMoe cbohctbo B ocnpm noi nejioro. rionabjnuouiee Gohmuhhctbo jnonefi, - nhuier B. AcMyc, - BocnpHHHMawT nenoe b npokweaeiowx, ommihxca bo BpeMeHH, jranib "perpocnekthbho, romib nocne to ro, kbk ohh npocnymajih nocjieaobaienbiioe HcnanHeime Bcex ero naciefi. fla*e y Mouapia <nhhobpemehbomy BocnpHimuo npom3befle- HHfl, KOHe<tHo, npenmectbosano npocnyiuheahne npohbbenehm bo BpeMeHH (HnHnpocMOTpaonapTHType) [B. AcMyc, 4 4 ]. T p y w o onpeaenhtfc < >opmbi B03KHKareiueH b npouecce <hchhh TeKcra cyfrbekthbmcmhrraxebbckoh peipocnekinoi. Ecjim ociekthbhoabtopckaa peipocnekiotfl B03pamaeT w iarenh k onpeflenehhhim otpeskam TeKCia, to cyttbekthbho-wraiejibckaa noimocxwo m bhcht o t to to, <tio hmchho BM3Bano nepetcjuaiehhe BKHMainut hb pahee coosukhhoe: opwhhajibhaa Mwcnb hjih HeoCbMHaa (J>opMa HanoHceHWi, nobhckiiiafl aa cocoft HeKoiopoe yctunie wra-rejih hjih aaekbarhoro Bocnpmmw coo6uiemi«, hjih cthjihc rh'jeckhh npaem, huh SjiHaocTk CHiHCbJBaeMoro <j>axxa jmraomy jmahehhomy onw ry qhxaxejui, hjih BHe3aimo B03HHKuiaa acccmhaiow h np. CySteKTHBHo^JHTaTeJibCKaB petpocneuhh HBJWexcfl BaxatbiM KOMnoHeHTOM nopoxqiekhh conepexawauhh. <biiaiejtb Bceroa nojwepraer nonyuaemyio HH^opMaiooo KpHTHBeCKOH ouehke, cosharenbho-akajniiiweckoft hjih 6ecco3- HaTejibHo-3CTeTH'ieCKOH (HpaBHTCH/ue HpaBHTca). Taicax ouewca n o cyineciby senet K peajdfsauhh pexpocneuhh: Heo6 xoflhmocn> BcnoMHHTb re oxpeskh xekcta, ie xapakiephcnikh, Te co6 u ih h, Koropbie nopoohjih xy hjih tmyio oychky. KaK o6 MKTBBKO-aBTopCKaJi, xak k cyobekthbho^thtaxejibckah pexpocnekuh«b KaKofi-TO CTeneHH, KaK MHe KaxceTCH, peayjikxax akxhbhocth SeccoaBtxcjttHoro, Koropoe cxbaxmbaetca raopqeckhm HMnyjibCKOM h non- BepraexcH co3hatera>hoh o6 pa6otke. TaxHM oopaaom, b 3toA KateropHH tekcxa oco6chho xecho nepennexaiotca nhhtbhctmeckhe h nchxojihhtbhcthmcckhe ero napamexpbi. C TOUCH 3peHHH perpocnekuhh KaK BHHa TeKCTa 3aCny*CHBaeT BHHMaHHH nocn ecjio B H e (3aicrnoqeH H e, a i m n o r ). B ek TopH aa H aupab JieH H ocxb e r o oqeb H im a. BHHMauHe w r a t e n H <t>okychpyetcfl Ha o c h o b h u x a im a o n a x, c o S m t m x, < >akt a x, H3JioxceKHbix b o c h o b h o m T ek cre, i. e. Ha t o h c o aep B caien b H o ^ iak T y ajib. HOH HH^OpMatQIH, K3 KOTOpOH KpHCTajuurayeTCfl coflepxcaxejibh o-k O H iien- ly an b H afl. B a p H ath B H o cn nocnecjiob H fl BecbM a untp O K a. H e K o x o p w e n o c jie - CnOBHH npenctabjijdot C060H CyMMHpOBaHHC OCHOBKtJX nojio*ehhh H BblBOa o b, HanojKCHHux b xekcte. O h h xapaict eph bi h jih HayMHhix MOHorpa< >HH, cxaxeh, QHCcepTaKHH k o 6b m o n a3 W B aio ica 3aK jnoieh H SM H. O cos eh H ocxb 3a- KJIHXreHHH COCTOHT B MaKCHMaiUHOM CBCatHH HH^OpMSUHH TeKCTa K B CBefle- h h h e e k o c h o b h m m nojioxcehhhm ie3h C H oro im ah a. B H ek o x o p b ix H a y to a ix xcyph anax n o c jie KaxcnoH ciat bh jiaioic H T ax Ha3biBaeM bie s u m m a r y (p e 3 jo M e ). I l o c y m e c ib y 3 to H3BJieqenHB H3 c ia x th, K o x o p u e m o jk h o ycjiob H o o n p e n e n tit b 111

115 Kax pcmatkveckke. ByuyHH otopbahbi ot CBoero OKpyxceKHH, ohh nphofipe- TaioT Hekotopyw HC3aBHCHMOcn>. Jlepeuny k paccmotpehhjo KaieropHH npocnekuhh. 3 ts rpammancneckah KareropHfl TeKCia, ogbeamwiomah paanhshhie naukoubie (popmbi OTHeceima couepxcaienbho-$aktyajnnoh HH^opMamtH k TOMy, o uem pent Gyuei hath b nocnenyioikrx uacihx TeKCia. CwnajnMH npocnekuhh hbjuuotch rakne BbtpaaceHKX, KaK sa d eeas e n e p e d, k c k C y d e r y x a jo H o u u x e, oh u n e nod03pe~ eon, hto vepe3 H e c x o A W o d n e u oh o tu tx e ia t, k j k oh C yder paxjnapoeah, K ozda y 3 n a e r, hto..., daobh euutee u 3 A o x e u u e n o tca x er, hto... h noflognoe. B ot npoctchuihh nphmep npocnekuhh b tekcre xynoxcectbehhoro npoh3- BefleHH H : " O h rpom KO n p o B o a rn a w a e i: Bau»e m o p o B b e! O c t stk b bojjoc hx e r o bhckxx h n a a yiiiamh j i b h t m. Com b KpyatcK hub* caococ ct B yrrr o m trw O M y H actpoew oo. T o ju k o ro c n o u y aenom O - spa<m y a ita m a to n o a r a e e, - e r o em y eywaeho y M e p e i v '. n o n o O H O p e ip o c n e K U H H n p o cn ek U H H ohhh H3 nphemob nob ectbo B ah H X, K O T o p u fi naer wraiento bosmoxchoctb Hcuee npencrabhtb ce6e cbhsb h 06- ycjiobnehhoctb COGnTHH H 3HH3OU0B. 3 H M, HTO np0h30hflet B aanbhehukm.oh rny6a n p o H H K aet b c o je p w a ie J ib H o -K O H u e irry a J tb H y io H w jw p M a iu n o, nockonbky itacrohtuee npencraer n e p e u hkm b n e c K o n b K O hhom n n a u e. npocnekuhh KaTeropHfl, CBOdcTBeHHaHHeTonbKonHtepaTypHO-xynoxcecTbchhwm TCKcraM, Oiia aacto HaOnwuaeTCH h b TeKtrrax HayHHux. Tan, b rpammathke JIaiioH3a HeojiHOKpaTHO ynommhaiotca jmnehhh, noupogitbrii auajnra KOTopux uaeicx anahhtenbho noajmee. Aarop ynotpegnxer pats b m - paxcehhh, peaunayionuix npocnekuwo rana The more particular implications of structuralism may be left for the following pages; we shall look further into some of the theoretical differences... later in this chapter (Eonee nonpogsoe ormcahhe ocogetmocteii crpyicrypanhama uaho Ha nocneuyiotuhx ctpahhuax; KecKOJibKO qanee b 3toh rjiabe mm paccmorpbm HCKOTOptie teope- THuecKHepauiHHHH) [Lyons Y., 50,117]. P a a n H w e M esc fly p e ip o c n e K U H e fl» n p o c n e K U H e fi a a K m o n a e rc H b t o m, h t o p e i pocnek U H H B c e r n a 3 ah H M aet K S K o e -ro m c c t o b n o c ry n a re n b H O M ubhxcehhh TeKCTa, t o r u a k s k n p o c n ek U H H p e u K o B b isb ah a c b m h m x o u o m c w w e x H o ro pa3bcpt bibah H H. O u u a u o H H T aienb m o jk c t n p e n y r a u a r b, h t o n o c n e n y e r n a n b - u i e, B CBH3H c OTUenbHM M K ak TyajIH 30B ah H hlm H HaCTHMH T ek C ia. TaK H M o G p a- 3 o m, n o tu o G H o p a rp o c n e K U H H, n p o c n e K u m o ro x c e m o h c h o p a a n e im r b Ha o G ie K - THBHO-aBTOpCKyiO H CyGbeKTHBHO-HHTaTejIbCKyiO. ym ecmo ynomhhyib o to k Ha3biBaeMOM 3$4>eKTe ogmahyioro oxoinahhh. PaccKa3bt 0. reupti, KaK H3BecxHo, b GonbuiHHCTBe cnynaeb nocxpoehbi ts k, hto npocnekuhh, bo3hhkui3h y HHraxenfl b npouecce htchhh, 0Ka3MBaetcH OIUHGoHHo S. PaCCKa3 0. FcHpH PoflHHT B ed MHp, B KOTOpOM Bop npoh H - KaeT b KBaprnpy c ue/ibio orpasnehhh, hhkok He npennonaraet kohuobkh - B o p h x o a flh H otnpabjihktch b KaGaHOK paaihtb Kpyxocy UHBa 3a cnei Bopa, 344«KTo6MaHyTOn) oxomahhh 3 t o n e hto HHoe.KaK HapyiXBHHe cyg bek T H B - H O -th T aiejibc K O H npocnekuhh, coanahhoh b npouecce JiHHeiiHoro p a a s e p ib ib a lu l r p u T T M a r T? p J J o a p a c e K a a a. - I I o b m B M M p, , N* 8, c,

116 h h s noaectbobakhs. B tsk h x cnysasx npocneicuhhbbisusaet peipocnekttkio -- cipemnetme offpathtbcs fu3aa k aarosobky k k coaepxcarejiuio-$akiyajimfoff HHC^OpMaUHH C u e j]b» HSHTH nphhhhho-c.fiebctbbhhble CBS3H B H3J10SCCHHH 4>»6yjiw, BBnym ae K jionneck O M y aab epm eiono co o C m em is. Oco6y» <]>opmy n p o o iek iu w npencnbjihiot cooofi npeflhcnobhe, BBencHHe, n p o n o r, *01 s b io - p a, oiuicahhbie b rnaee III. rilaba Vtt MOHA/IBHOCTfc TEKCTA OnfOUKHHe ro B o p sm e ro (n m u y m e ro ) k flefictbhtejimocth, n o ciy m ip y em o e KBK OCHOBHOH nph3hsk MOflaflbHOCTH, B Toil HUH HHOS M epe XapaKTCpHO fljis bchkoto BbiCKB3hiBaHHS. IIocK onbk y OTHouieHMe ro B o p s m e ro (m n iiy m e ro ) k neactbhtenfchocth Moxcei Qh tb B upuceh O paajnrm bim H cpeacib am H - <j>op- MajibHO rpammsth*iecxhmht nexgineckhmht 4>pa3 onormeckhmh, chhtskch* 4CCKHMH, HHTOHaUHOHHBIMH. K0Mn03KfflI0HHbIMH, CtHUHCIHSOCKHMH - MOjyuibHOCTb okaam Baexcs K a ie ro p te ft, nph cyuieii sab o cy b flefictbhh, p e w, h noatomy H B Jisercs camotf cyuih O cnio KOMMyHHKainBsoro n p o - uecca. H enb3s He ospaihtb BHHMauHs Ha to, sto cobpemehhbie anrnhhckhe rpam - MaTHKH Boofime H36erawT flaban onpeaenehhe 3to6 KareropHH, osebhotio, paccmaiphbas ee KaK hbhhoctb, h o rpahhwbaiotcs jihub. ykasaimem, $opm, b KOTopbix 3ano»»Ha MoaasbHocTb (H scoh JlaSoH3, Paitaon^) KBepK H f l p ). IIpHBeny HeKOTopwe, ocbsmehhwe TpaAKUHeH, onpenenehhh 3toh KaTeropHH b ote>tectbehhoh ja rre p a ty p e. B.B. B w iarp aao B cmmtaei MOflajreHocn. cyuiectbehhbim k ohcrpykthbhbim nph3haxom npeanosceh H s h noaxom y nphcymhm KastflOMy nptflnoxceh ino: T ak k bk npennoxteh H e, oxpaxcas nehct- BHTenbHocib b ee npakthteckom o&uectbchhom co3hahhh, ecrectbehho, BbipascaeT othedehkocra (othomehhe) conepxcahhs p e su k nehctbhtejunocth, to c npejuioxcehhem, c pa3hoo6pa3hem e r o ih o o b t<ch o cbs3ahi K aieropr fl Moo&nuiocTH, Kaxcnoe npefljioxcehhe BKmonaeT b ce6s KaK cymectbehhmh KOHCTpyKTHBHwii npidhak McmwibHoe 3HaseHHe, i.e. cojiepscht b c e6 e ykaaakhe Ha OTHomeHHe k aeiictbhtejibhocth [B.B. BHHorpaaoB, 55]. IIpHMepHo TaKoe see onpenejiehhe M oaanbhocm flaho b rpam M aihke p y c ck o ro sa b ix a : " 0 6 m e e rpammaihmeckoe anasehhe othccchhocth ochobhoto comepxcahhs npennohcehhh k AcficrBHTCJibHOCTH BUpaxcaerrcH b CHtnaKcmecKHX K aiero* p irsx MonajuHOCTH, a iax x ce BpeMeHH h m m a..." OTHomeHHe cooom ehhs, coflepxcam erocs b npeanoxrehhh, K flesctbhrenbhocth sto h ect t npexoje B cero M ooajiw oe OTHomeHHe. To, sto co o 6 tu aet cs, Moxcer MtacJiKTbcs ro B o p s- m um xak peanbh oe, H am ith oe b npouuiom hjih b H acio sm em, k s k peam iayiom eeca b Synym em, k b k xce;ratejibhoe, ipeo yem oe ot Koro-H H Syna, x a x HefleHCTBHTeskHoe h T.n. <J>opMbi rp am M anrseck oro BbipaxceroiH pa3h oro p o a a OTHOUICHhS COAepXCSHHS p e w K QeHCTBHTeJIMtOCTH H COCTaBJISIOT CHHTaKCH' seck oe c y n iectb o KaTeropHH MonajttHOCTH [TpaMMaTHKa p y c c x o ro s3bik a, s. ],c ], 113

117 06pam aei Ha cc6h BHHMaHHC to, w o b ujnhpyemoh khhtc nph nepeincjie- HHH <J>yHKHHH MOflaJlbHOCTH OTCyTCTByCT (fiykkflhfl BblpWKeHHJt CyCbeKTHBHOoueHOHHoro othouiemu rosopjiiuero k conepxcahttto BbicKasbiBaHHJi, b to BpeMH tcaic nph&epehhbieb.b. BHHorpajioBnmnpHMepbJ h ju iwcxphpyiot hmchho sry 0yKKtiHK>, b *tacthoctn: oha hiosht. OHa onehb HepBHa cxana (Kapehhh). ^B e h o w He cnaxb, He ecu. (JI. Tojjctoh TKhboh xpyn ). Hh otho- UieHHe COoSmeHKH... K flehctbhtejlbhocth, HH MbICJIHLUeeCH robopjhhhm KaK peajibkoe, HajiH<nioe b npoiunom hhh b Hacxo jutem, KaK peaimayioiiieech b SynymeM, KaK xcejiatenbhoe, xpeoyemoe o r Koro-Hn6yab, KaK HeneficiBH- Te/ibHoe... b 3thx npennoacehhhx He BbipaxceHO. Ho saxo B hhx hcho Btipa* xceh oakh H3 Han5onee cymecxbehhbix nph3tiakob MOfla/ibHocxH oueroca ORHCblBaeMblX <{>aktob. nonabjifliouiee Sojiluihhctbo rpammainciob paccmaxphbanx KaieropHio MonanbHocTH rjiabhbim ospaaom KaK BupaxeHHe peajibhocm/hppea/ibuocnt BMCKaablBaHHH1. MoaajibHocrb nohhmaetch hmh KaK Hesoe rhoceojionneckoe noiwrhe, He CBH3aHHOC C JHtHHOCTHOH OUeHKOH IIpeflMeTa MblCJlH. riohhmahhe cy6be k t h b h o -o u eh o w o ro <J)aKTopa KaK nph3haka MOflanbHOCTH n a u in o CBoe nocxaroih O n o n n o e BbipajKeime b TpaMMatHKe cobpemchhoro p y cck o ro jjh repaxyph oro fl3mka, BbiuiefliueH B J970 m ay. K a ie ro p jw m o- najibhoc-m aflecb npejvrrabjieha b jw y x Bim ax o i i e K T H i n o - u o - a a ji b h oe 3HaieH»e h cyfitekihbho-uoaanbhoe JHaaeh h e. H.H). U lseaob a, ab xop 3T oro pa3flejia, c ih ia ex, n o MOflajibHocTb He Mox<eT orpahhihbatbca nxuib yka3ahhcm Ha OTHouieHHe ro B o p a u te ro k npen- M e fy BbicKasbiBaHHa c t o h k h ape h h h peajibhocm/hppeanbhocth. B ah aw ienb- Hoci Mepe b arofi KaxeropHH npoab JW eica cyobekthbho-oflehoqhoe oxhome- H»e. KpoM e aaaoxcehh oro B CHCTCMe $ o p M npeonoacehha o6bekxhbho<mo> flanbh oro ah aqeraoi, othocxutero coo6iaek H a b i u u h peanbhocth/hppeajibh o c t h, nuuiet H.IO. IflB enosa, Kaxcfloe BbicKaabmaHHe, nocxpoehhoe Ha och o se t o h h jih h h o h OTBJieqeHHog cxemw npejyioxcekhji, o6naflaex cycbek- THBHO-MOEajIbHbIM JHaqcHHCM. ECJIH 05beKTHBHO*MOflaj1bHOe 3Ha<ieHHe BMpaw aex xapaktep othoiuetuui coosiuaem oro k fleficxbhienbtiocth, xo cyfitek - THBHo-MonajibHoe 3Ha<ieHHe Bbipaxcaex oihouiehhe ro B o p a m e ro k coosm aem o- My. 3 x o 3HaaeHHe BbipaxcaexcB He cpeflctbamh co O c x b c h h o cxpyxxyphoh cxem bi h ee <popm (x o x a b HeKoxopbix CJiyaaax HMeex m b c io ofh>ekthbh3aiihfl cysbekihbho- M onaa b n o ro 3HaieHHH b c a m o h cxpyk iyph oft cxeme npennoace- h h h ), a nonojihhtejibhbimh xpammaraqeckhmh, JieKCHKO-rpaMMaxHqecKKMH h HHTOHailJiOHHblMH CpeflCTBaMH, HaKJiaflblBaeMblMK Ha Ty HJIH HHyn (fjopmy npefljioxtehha (FpaMMaTHKa cobpemehhoro pycck oxo nh xepaxypiioro aabnca, 1970,545). B 3 to m npabhjibhom onpenejiehhh flbyx b h q o b Moaa/ibHocxH comhehhe bm - 3biBaex jihiiib yxbepxcnehhe, aro Kaxcfloe BucKaabiBainie ofuiaflaex cy&bekthb- 'C m. TaioK e o n p en e n ch M a MOjuJibHOCTH a c jie a y i o u u u p a C o ia x : B a p x y d a p o «JI.C., bjre- JiuHi M. A. rpam M ATHK a ah TJiH flck oro x i u K a. M., ; 3 ojtotoee V.A, O M o n an b H o cn i n p en n o acek H x b pycck O M a a u K e. 4 )n jto Jio r. HayKH, , N> 4 ; fy/ibiaa E.B. T e o p ic a cjio*h onojih M M eh H oro npennoaceh H B a cospem eh K O M BeM CtucoM h s m k c. M.t ; E p M a n o e o JI.C. K B o p o c y o c o o t h o u k h h h MOoanbHOCTK x npeah K at H B H ocrn (H a M arephailc COBpeMCHHfclX FepMaHCKHX X3blKOB> - 4WJIOJIOT. H lyk H, , N* 4, 114

118 HO-MooajtbiuiM JHaieHHeM..Hanexo He KaHQtoe. IIpeanoxceHHe, B 3 s to c h3 s t o h»oe rpammanikh Bee noeecteoearejtbhbte nped n o xem n um em caou crpyxiyphbte cxemit, He ognanaer cycwkthbho-mofla/ibiibim aiunehhem. B rnabe "CpencTBo <J>opMHpoBaHHH h BwpwiteHHH cygiekihbho-monanb- Kbix 3HaMeKHH H.K). ItlBeaoBa yica3bibaet Ha HenojiHory nepe'oicjiehhmx cpenctb, ccunaacb Ha h x pashoogpaane h Ha t o, h t o jnniib iacn> H3 h k x HMeer npflmoe othomehhe k rpammathxe [TpaMManuca cobpemewtoro pyc- CKoro JiHTepaTypHoro flsbixa, 1970, 6 1 ], Cpeou h h x ynommhamca: miiohanun, cnobonopaook, cneuhajtuibie xohctpyxmui, nobtopu, qacrkou, MeacnoMetHH, BBonHbie (M onanutue) cnoba h cjiobocotetamih h BBoflHbie npenjioxetthh, BBCfleHHe cyomkthbhthhonajibhoro 3HaHeiniH b o6 iyyjo xaieroptoo MOHajibHociH npencrabjifleich BaxottiM 3ranoM b paciuhpemih pamox rpammanneck oro auajnrca npeftjioxcehkh h cjiyxht mocthkom, nepe6 poiuckhbim or npetutoacehha k BbicxaabiBaHHio h k texcty. npeactabnaetca lienee oo6 pa 3- HbtM paamenhtb cysbexrhbho-onehohhyjo MoftajibHocn. Ha (ppaaosyx) h TexcroByto. chh 4>Pa30Bafl MoaaHbHOCTb BbipancaercH rpammathiecxhmh huh nexcmeckhmh cpencibamh, to TeKCiosan, xpome 3th x cpenctb, nphmeme- Mbix ocosbim cnoco6om,peank3yetch b xapaxtephcthxe repoeb.b csoeogpaahom pacnpeae/iehhh n peniuca thbhmx h pejwtkbklix orpe3teob b uck'a3wbahn r, b cehtehhhbx, b ym03akjh0iehrflx, b axtyajnmmm omenbhbix Maciefl Texcra h b pane apyrnx cpeactb. B pashbtx ninax tckcto b MoaanbHocrb npohbjiheica c paahoft cienehbio otebhohocth. TexcioBaa MooanbKOCTb oco6chho penbe$ho BMCTynaer b nosthhecxhx npoh3benehhhx. Cy6bcxTHBHo-o[ieHQ'<HaR xapaxiephctmxa npeflmeia Mbicnn b raxhx Texcrax rjiabehctbyet. He 6yper npeybenhhehhem cxasaib, hto noanneckhe Texcibi HacKB03b MojuuibHbi, npk<tem 3Ta MOAarib- HOCTb He HBJIHeTCH TOJibKO CyMMOH MOQajIbHblX SJieMCHTOB, pa36pocajjhbix HO oinejibhbim npejyioxcehhhm BbiCKaauBaHHH. H3 Tpex ochobhwx pojiob jimtcpatypw - JiHpHxa, 3noc, ppama, HHtuei r.b. CrenaHOB, jihphxa 3a mhoco BexoB CBoero cymectbobahhh crajia HaHJiyHioeft (JjopMOfi BbipaxceHHH BHyrpeHnero coctohhhh xyflojkhhka" h nanbtue: JlawocTHoe omoitbhhe k coaaabaemoky o6pa3y o6fl3aiejibko npejpiojtaraet ottetocy [T. CrenanoB, 7,8 ]. flpyroe gejio MOflanbHOCTb B HayiHwx T e x c ra x. BeccTpaciHocTb, jio th h - Hocrb, aprymehthpobahhocib THHHHHbie xaaeciba HayHHux rexcrob ofetnh o He ocxabjihiot Mecra cy6 bexthbho-oijehohhoh MooanbHOCTK. IloaTOMy b takhx rekctax MonajibHocrb m o jk h o onpenenhtb x ax vynen y n. tlpaboa, com* HeHHe b npabiuibhocth c b o h x nocryjiatob neorbemjiemoe xaaecrbo nojyihhh o naym oro nooxofla k o&bexry HaGnwfleHHfl h HCCJienoBamiH roxce m oncer paccmaxphbarbch xax o o k o K3 npohbjieuiui MoaanuiocTH. Ho, x coxcajiehhio, abtopbi HayxHbix pa6 or peaxo BbipaJKaioT Bep6ajibKO cboe OTHorueHHe x co6cr- BeHHblM BblBOOaM. B nepenobux h nygnkhhcnneckhx cianh x raaerw rexctobafl MonajibHocrb BbicTynaer Taxxce BecbMa othctjihbo. B np0h3beaehhhx xyflojkectbehhoh jihteparypw irpoboflhhxamh tckto b o h MonajibHOCtH Hepeflxo BbiCTynatot penhihbhbie oipeaxh rek cra. Cy6 vexthb- 115

119 HO-oueHOTHoe orhomehhe k npeomsry BMCica3UBaHHS b GonutixHCTBe thhob TeKCTa He packpubaer cyuihocth HBJieHHx, a JiHUib cootbetctbekho OKpauiH- Baei ero h aaer npeactbjiehhe o MHpootuyuteHHH abtopa BbtCKaabiBaHHx. IIo> TOMy B HepaBHOUeHHOH HH<J»OpMaaHH,KOTOpaaCOnepXHTCXB npeahkathbhbjx h pejwihbhbix otpe3tcax, TeKCTOBan MoflanbHOCTb aame Bcero HaxoaHT cege MeCTO HMeHHO B pejlhtwbhmx OTpeSKBX. B n p o a e c c e n o c T y n a re jib H o ro, ju m eh K o ro pa3b ept bib aioix npon3b eaeh H X m o x b t nohbktbch n e p e a K a e H ty a ip ih : p easih B H b ie otpeak H M o ryi n o c ie n e im o nph o6pet an> c i a i y c npeahkambhhix. M o aan b H o ct b, tom cam bim, H a w H a e i h t- pat b G o n ee cy m ecib eh H y io p o r a b conepxaien b H O > K O H u ein y an b H o d H H ^opm a- m m. 3 to HBJieHHe b ochobhom H ag ntoaaexcx b to x npoh 3BeneH H H x, r a e G onee hjih MeHee o ro eu ih B O npocbehhbaet jmm Hocrb ab T opa, e r o M H poom ym eh H e, e r o BK ycbi h n p eacrab aeh H H, a 3 t o y x e npohbjiehhe cystekthbho-oaehohhoh M oaajibhocth. A ynom H H an, h to rp am M aroneck H e k JieK cm eck H e c p e a c ib a M onaabh oct H, x a p a K T c p a w e a n a BbixB/ieHHx sto h K aiero p H H B H y rp n n p e a n o - XCHHB (4)pa30B afl MOnajIbHOCTb), B TeKCTO ynotpe6jiflbtcb ocogmmk c n o c o - 6aMH. H anph M ep, n o B T o p x x oahh H3 c n m H c n ra e c K H x npaem O B b e r o pa3h o- ogpashom JieKCHieCKOM HaiTOJIHeHHH, SBTOp C03HaTOJIbH0 HJIH GeCCOSHaTOJIbHO x a p a K re p H 3 y e t K an o e-t o HBneHHe, c o G u ih e, n H w o c T b r e p o x h onocpeaob ah H O pack pbib aet sth m cboe n a w o e k hhm oihoiuehhe. H ansonee npxm bim cpeacibom, peanmyioiuhm MoaaJibHocTb b n p eanoxe- HHH, HBjmeTCH SIUtTOT. Ho B TOKCTe OH HTpaCT BCCbMa HeaHa'tHICJIbHyW pojlb, nockonbky b cnny cboeii ch h th k chtockh osycnobjiehhos (pyhkium aipitbyra xapaktepioyet JiHUib t o t ogiekt, k KOiopoMy o ih o c h tc h. OimaKo h s n a re i, ciahobhcb MHoroKparao nobtopxemmm cnuihcthheckhm npnemom, naxkhaer BCKpblBaTb TOKCTOByw MOHaJIbHOCIB. 3 TO OCoSeHHO 33MCTHO B Jim epa- TypHbix noptpeiax. flhkkehc, KaK H3BBCTHO, pkcyet CBOH ncpoohaxh B OCHOBHOM HByMX KpacwaMH - xephoh k Bejiofl. K poum a JloppH i - ahrea b o iuioth. ypaita X an n Hcaaane aaa, XeMHHryaft, K anporas, npeaoctab/ixet TOtare/iio npab o camomy cocrabhtb m hchhc o HpaBCTBeHKbix KaiecTBax cbohx repoeb. H Bee x e a ero npoh3beaehkxx onocpeaobahho npoxbjtheicx abiopckoe oihomchhe k nepcohaxam. B ynomxhyrom y x e paccna3e "Eejibie cjio h h, K orna tohouia yrobaphbaei aebyuiky HaSaBHTbcH o t hx G yaym ero pegehka, xapak iep nobtopjuouihxcx cjiob h BbipaxeHim M onoaoro xenobeka aocraioh - h o xetko onpeaenxet OTHOiueiute k HeMy abtopa. M oxho BMCKa3aib comkehhe b npabhjibhocth xakoro BbiBopa, Beab c03flabax nonoxm enbh bix H orph uarenbhwx repoeb, abropbi He ogxaatenbho BbipaxaioT cboh chmnaihh h ajithnaimh. 3aecb Her Hyxaw nepeckaawbarb MHoroxHcneHHbie jihtepaiypobeaxeckhe TeopHH o n y rx x h cnocogax BbixBJieHHX p o n n jihhhocth ab iopa b ero TBopeHitxx. M tom He MeHee noh xm e tokctoboa MOaaabHocm Gyaer packpwro He nojihoctbro, ecjih b npotiecce ahajmaa TOKCTooGpasytoamx ^ak iopob He yvecib KOMMyHHKatmbho A HanpaBJieHHOcm o ip e 3KOB rek cra. OiHome- HHe ih Taiena k nepcohaxam npohsaeaehitx ~ peay ab iai conepexhbahas: xbhbimk hjih ck pbitbimk n ytxmh y He ro B03HHK3ei n peactab ne m e OaeHOXHOrO xapak tepa, b GonbiUHHCTBe oiynaeb BuaaaHHoe othoiuehhem cam oro ab topa. KOHCMHO, XHTaTeab CO cnoxhbulhmkcx SCTOTHXeCKHMH BKyCEMH, KpHTHXeCk h m ymom m o x c t ijo a B e p rh y rb n ep eo u eh K e ra K o e othouiehhe k re p o x M 116

120 npoh3bwehtm. 3 to He CHHMaei, ogjiako, cim oto H antrau cygwkthbhoouehowott tck ctob o h MOflanbHOcnc. CymeciByei t o h k o c, eiwa ynobhmoe painmhe Me*ny cygbetcxmbho- OOeHOWOH MOaanbHOCn>fO H OGbeKTHBHOfi XapaKiepHCTMKOH $aktob,coguthh, nepcohanceii, h x noctynkob h MNcneft, h x o th o u ic h h h k OKpyxcaiouxeH h x BCH3HH. B OIUtCaHHH ps3bhthfl XapaKTepa KHH3B AlUlpefl BojlKOHCKOrO, KO- Topoe Hecer, no Hatueft TepMjmonorHH, coflepacarenbho -4>aKiyanbHyjo HH$op- Mainoo, He? h b h o BWpanceHHoii KaieropHH MonanbHOCTH. OrnoweHHe k h h s x AHQpen k o m y, k cecipe, k ncehe, k Kyty30By, k Anatomo KyparHHy, neo- HCHnaHHUH afis Hero pa3pbtb c h c b c c to h Bee aro C<DH c k > * «th o h jih h h h "AHnpelt B o jik o h c k h h. cdpaaoban MonanbHOCib apecb ncwth HyjieBaa, ecjih m o w h o ee ycnobho ran oitpepemitb. OflHaKo GnaroponcTao, BbicoKKe HpaB- CTBeHHbie Haeanu, oniouiekhe k npyabxm h HeapyraM, TBepnocib h nphhuh* rutajibhoctb b BMSope saxchmx )KH3HeHHi>ix peuiehhh nenaiot 3 t o t nepconaxc pomana, k b k nphhhio xapaktephaobatb ero c to m k h 3peHHH jihieparypobeaehhb, nojioachiejibhbim repoem. A 3t o SHawr, n o nepcohaxc ogphconah tik, <rro6 bi BHyuiHTb mnatemo onpenenehhyio ouenxy, r.e. ybhnetb, o n iy n m rekctobyw MonanbHocib. 3 t o nphbo/thr Hac k 3ataiio<«HHK>, <rro MomanbHoetb npohh3bibaei Becb t c k c t. H h m m h cnobamh, nance B coflephcaten bnoajtakty a/tbhoh HH^OpMaUHH MOHCCT HMIUIHUHTHO CKaaaitCH cygbekthbho-oiiehohhoe othouiehhe abiopa k oimcbibaehbim co6bith»m h 4>axraM; HanpHMep, nepco- Hanc PoncaecTBeHCKoif nechh XlHfcxeHca CKpynxc ogphcobah cambimh Mpaxh u m h to h h m h. flance h m h ite6naro3by*mo. Cxpyiptc acectox, 6eccepn»ieH, pabhoaymeh k OKpyncawmeMy MHpy. Ann Hero cymecrbyet t o j i b k o ero 4>Hp- Ma k to, b t o c nefi CBHaano. OtHomeHHe abtopa k Cxpynwy fie octasnflet h h k b k h x c o m h c h h h, h o xapaktepho, b t o B nepbbix agaauax J J h k k c h c BecbMa ckyno ero packpbibaer. BHanane aaerch junub npennoncehhe 3X3HCTemrMO- HanbHOro nina, robopxwee o co jih x lh o h penytainw Cxpyaaca Ha Gnpace h o ero HanencHocTH KaK KOMMepcafrra. BnanbHeftmeM nocietiehko, ornenbhwmh uirphxamh phcyetcn xapaxtep C k pynaca: b nchb noxpon cboero eflhhctbchhoro npyra*\ KOMnanbOHa no <j)hpme, o h, 6yayBH He c jih u ik o m onexaneh ytparoh, 3aioiioMaeT Bwroiwyio cnenxy; o h He ogpauiaei BHHMaHHH Ha t o, KaK ero Ha3biBaioT - HMeHeM KOMnaHbOHa h jih ero co6ctbehhmm; ero o G x o a h t ciopoh o h, h k k t o nance He pemaerch nonotiih k HeMy, h to G u cnpocwib nopory. Ha npothhcehkh necxth a6 aaueb aaeicfl KaK 6 w ogtexthbhax xapaxiephc- THKa aroro uehtpanbhoro ogpaaa paccxa3a. Ho o a h h H3 h h x, HaiHHaiomKHCfl cnobamh: H y u c K e a m t e a x e o h 6 u a, jtot C x p y d x! BapbiBaeTCH cepweh osjihuhreribhbix anhreiob, pe3khx cpabhchhh, Meio<t>op h npyrnx c t h j t h c t h - leckhx nphemob, cnenyiouihx o a h h 3a npyrhm. Kancercx, h t o camomy abiopy HacTonbKo oibparhieneh o 6 pa3 CKpyncna, h t o o h, He b cunax Gonee cnepncaibc«h noiih sanbixaxcb (annunthheckhe napannenbhbie KOHCTpyKUHw), BbicKa- 3biBaeT ihtatenio Bee, n o o h nymaer o CBoeM repoe. 3 t o t agian c t o h t nph- BeCTH U6J1HKOM. "Hy h c K S M b ra ace o h 6 b in, s t o t CKpyftac! B o t y * k t o ym en BbDKHM srb c o k h, eb it arh - b a n. a c n n u, B K o n *» tb m b r p o 0, aarpe&n,, a a x B r rb ib in,, a tb p a c u B a T b, B tim o ra rb... V m n i, y M ea c t a p u f l rp e x o a o fo ih K! 3 t o 6 u / i He x e n o s e K, a K pem eh b. J b, o h 6 t u t x o n o fle H k T B epn k s k K pem eh b, h e m e H tneom y h h p a a y b x c iu h h He y o a n o c b B u c e e b Ha e r o K2M eu - h o t o c e p n o i x o i b Htxpy ooct panah H *. C k p u t h u H, aa M K H y m R, onhhokhtt - o h Dpxruic* K 3 k y e r p H iti B c b o m pak O BHH y. H yuieb H U ft x o jt o a 3aM O poaicn H M yt ph c t s p i b o o k x e p r u 117

121 e r o ju n ta, a a o c rp H J i K p n tk O B a T u ft h o c, C M O pim w K O * y Ha u te K a x, c K o a a a n o w ju c y t a a c ra a H ji n o c j m e n. ry O b i a n o K p a c H c ro n u n, cfle n a /i jieaxh U M e r o ck p tu iy ih fl ro rto e. M a a a te e r o t u e m r n K i u n n o n O o p o n o K, p c /u o ie B o n o cs) «CpoBH, ic aaan o c b, 3 a«k aeb e o t M o p o s i. O h o c» n y b h o c h h c co<5otl s r y jk tteh B iuyio a n u o a p e p y. n p H c y ic rb H e C K p y n - xca aam opanch B ano e r o K o m o p y s jic tk h H s h o R, h o h He n o a B o n g n e ll o n u n h h ita n o n - r p a n y o a n ance h i B e c e w x c B irrk a x ". AHajiH3 TeKCTa nok a3bib aet, KaK c y S ic k t h b h o «ueh O ih aa M O aa/ibh ocib c p p a so B o ro n o p n a ic a n e p e p a c ia e i b tek CTO Byto. flocteneh H O HaK aruih Baacb b npeom oyuik X a 6 3 a a a x, r u e, K ak 6 u n o C K aaano, n a rta osbekthbhax co aep x c a- TeribHO -<j>ak ry a/ib H ax K H ^ p M a u iu, b tto m a o a a u e OHa ok paiu H B aetca nan* HOCTHbIM OTHOUieHHeM IlHCaTeJHI H BbiHBJWeT BBHO BblpaXCeHHyiO CyGbeKTHB- HO-oueHOMHyio MoaanbHOCTb T ek C io B o ro im ah a. H e n b a a He os pat H rb BHHMaHHfl Ha H K iepech yio act an b C furrak C tn ecicoro im ah a, K O io p an M oxcer ObiTb H H T ep n p em p o B bh s c coaepxcatejibh oft cio p o H M. flp H o u h c b h h h B H yrpeh H ero MHpa C K p y a * ca, e r o K pab cibeh H btx tcanectb a s r o p KaK 6bt oaet b o jtio cb o h m qybctbam h a r o BbtpaxcaeTcn Tanxce b nocipoeh H H BMCK33blBaHHX CHHT3KCHC CTSHOBHTCH pbbhblm, CTOKKaTOnOflOGlftlM. K o r a a ace a a e i c n o n H c a iw e B H eim m x nept C K pyaxca, e r o H apyxotoct H, B03M y- uiehhe aaih x a e T, n o crp o eh H e itpeanoxceh H ii n o a w H fle rc H og bttm bim, neam o - tutohanbhm M ih nam h 3a«aH H H Baeicn 6eccrpaciH O H p aab eph yroft M eracpopoh. Bbiiue yxce 6 buio CKaaaHO, iro Mopanutocrb xynoxcectbehhoro TeKCTa npohh3bibaet Bee ero lacrh h hto KoacpcpHUHeHT MoaanbHOCTK MeHHeTCH B 33BHCHMOCTH OT U&noro phju npmvhh - HHflHB HAy anbhoh MaHepw abiopa, o 6 i>ekia onhcahhb, nparmaihheckoii yccahobkh, coothoukhhs conepxcarenbho -cjtakiyanbhoii k coflepxcaienbho KOHaetiTyanbHOH KHCpopM auhh. 3 to t ko3«j>tphuueht rem Bbiiue, qem orqetjihbee nponitnnetch jihwoctb abtopa b ero npohtbeaehhbx. Moxcho nphbecm MHoro nphmepob, nokaabibarauthx coontoiuehhe cppaao- BOH H TeKCTOBOH CySieKTHBHOOKeHOMHOH MOaaJlbHOCTH. Ho B 3TOM, KaK MHe KaxceTCH, h c t Heo6xoflHMt>CTH. TeKCTOBan MOnanbHOCTb, TaKHM o6pa30m, BbiHBJiaercH ro raa, Koraa VHTaienb b coctohhhh coctabhtb ce6e npeacrabne- H»e o KaKOM-ro remanneckom none, r.e. o rpynne atihtetob, cpabhehhh, OnHCaTCJlbHblX o6opotob, KOCBeKHblX XapBKtepHCTHK, 0 6beOHHeHHbIX OAHOH aomkhbhtoh H pa36pocahhblx HO BCeMy TeKCTy HJIH HO 6TO 33KOHqeHHOH qacth. B yxce UHTHpoBaHHOH noame 3anfpa Ilo "BopoH 3intreTu dreary (MpaxHbiH), bleak (xmypbiii), sad (nenanbhmti), uncertain (HencHbiii), fan ta stic ((pahtacnmeckhfi), om inous (anobeimoi), unm erciful (6e3xcajiocTHbifi), melancholy (yhbuibtii), evil (nopoquw a), desolate (GeanioaHbiK) h ap. co3aaiot aimocijtepy, KOiopoH noar OKpyxcaer (pakibt h annaoabt coaepxcatenbho-<j>akiyanbhoii HH4>opMaiuiH: cryk b ancpb, nonbnehhe BopoHa, oopauiehhe k HOUHOMy roctto,bocnomhhahhn, MeuTbi h tji. B "B o ith e h M H pe T c x ic to h p«3ko BbipaxcaeT CBoe oiph iiatenbh O e OTHome- H he k H a n o n e o H y. H an o jieo H ak T ep, nphtbopuihk, n o a e p, cobcem He rehh- ajibh biit n o jik O B o a en. T o ji c t o h k s k 6bi K 3acB aercx H a a e r o He3acJiyxceHHofl cnaboh. Tan, Mbi < o m e M :...excenh no3bonhtb c e 6 e 6 e 3 p e n h th o s h o f o yxcaca k rehhanbhocth H a n o n e o H a... H a n o n e o H b e r o npeacrab neh H K B O osuie h h - u ic h k b k h x 6 t i t o h h 6 b in o nonoxchtejibhw x q e p i. BaxcHO 3aecb, b pa6o ie, oph euthpobahhoh Ha nhhtbocthnhcmqeckhh aha- 118

122 jih3 rekctoospaayioiuhx cropon, ybhfleit., kskhm h co6ctbchho asbiicobbimh cpeflctbsmh astop Bbipaxcaer CBoe othoiuetnte k npeflmcry m uoih. B jimtc parypobeaveckhx Tpyaax ibkhm cpeacraam peako yaeaaerca BHHMaHHe, ohh Sepyrca KaK a w h o cm, Ha ocnobe Koxopux aenatorca 3aKa»«ieHHfl, nopoh rayooko BepHbte. HpHBcay bhuib hcckohbko npaimepos tsk h x ym033kjitohbhhh. K. Chmohob b cratbe "M aiaa T oacroro mtuier: H o ia H6COMH HHaa apoctb, TOT XOaOflfftlH no BHettlHOCm, HO CrpaCTHWH capkaam, c KOTopbiM ToacroH b BoSue h MHpe He ciontko mtcaa, ckoatko cyana HanoaeoHa, HaBOaai Ha pa3mbiuiaehhji,\ H b apyrom Mecre: TlepeiHTaB Boimy h MHp eme pa3, a aymato He o tom, HacKOauco cnpabeaahb hbh KecnpaBejpiHB ToacroH k HanoaeoHy, a o apyrom o roft gpocm, c Koropoii ToacTofi aamaxhyacfl na HanoaeoHa... CipeMacb k Bbicwefi cnpabeaahbocth, ToacroH 6t>iBaa HecnpaBeaaHB h npactpacreh. O h atosna oanitx k repnerb He mot apyrhx. "Boiwa h Map noaha ero npnctpacroft h ybae^ehhh, 3 ry KHHry nhcaa He Myapeu, a aeaobek c Heo6y3aaHHwmh crpacrgmh, h OHa bc* B OTTOaOCKaX 3THX CTpaCTeH**1. 3anaaa ahhrbkcia-rekctoaora noka3an>, cuctemattohpobatb tt o o6tmrn> 3TH "OTTOaOCKH, a 3TO 3HaiHT, qto OH floaxceh HaHTH HX B paabephytom nosectbobahhh, npoahaah3hpobaib b ahhtbhcthaeckom acnek ie h o6o6uihti>. CySbeKTHBHo-oueHOHHaa MoaaabHOCTb TeKcia He npoab aaerca b oah opasobom ynotpedaehhh KaKoro-ro cpeacrrea. 3nnreTbi, cpabhehha.onpeaeaehha, nexaah rpyianipyiotca, o6paaya M annrrhoe n o a e,k KoiopoM ynphkosaho BHHMaHne HHTaieaH, none, b kotopom 3Heprnefi TeKcia 3 th aeraah ospetawt CHHOHHMHVHbte 3Ha<ieHHH. itpyroii np«mep ahtepaiypobeageckoro aitaah3a. H. AHacracbeB nphboaai oaofia H. KaiuKima, xapaktephayiom ero rbopqectbo XeMHHryaa: "B HeM, - nmaet H. ICauiKHH, HeT HeaoBepHa n npespehha k neaobeky. Oh ajosht h no-cboemy xcaaeet cbohx repoeb.., oh xcenaei n a* hhx toto, qio osoanaaaet KaK good luck, to ecn> x o ie? n a a hhx H acroam eii, xopouieft WH3HeHHOH yaaqn, a BMecie c TeM ipyaoboh, ipyanoh, a y en. aaxce h Tpani- MecKofl cyabsbi ^ H. Kauikhh, KaK MH0rne HHTeparypoBeflbi, a a e i oaehky ibopxeciba Xe- MKHryaa Sea KOHKpemoro awanhsa s3nka nttcatena. C MoeS tokkh apehha, Ces tak oro araanaa nejibjs aaekbaroo oiwcatb ocosehhocth c m a a DHCaiena. H3y<teHHe cthjih nhcaxeaa npueeao HeKoropbix HccaeaoBaTeneft k BbiBoay o tom, qro KaTeropna M oaaabhocm CKOpee othochtch k yposhio TeKCra, qem k ypobhw npeaaoxcetuta [flpeccaep, ]. OqeBHnao, flpeccnep HMeer B BHfly OTHOuieHHe abtopa TeKCTa ko BceH CKH p e te tbopqeckoto npon3beflehhh. H o CKH He o6aaaieabho ooaepxnrr ouehokhyio xapaktcphcmky, BCflb cy&bekthbho-oueno<diah MoaanbHocib a a a a e rc a (jiakyatiathbhoh a n a CKH. Boo6ute npeacrab aactca, aro CKH ckopee TaroreeT k o6bckthbh3auah. 3 ro 3Ha4HT, mto CKH, KaK 3to 6biao nokaaaho a ra a s e Bnabt KH^opMaitHH B TeKcre, bmbojthtca b pe3ynbtate o6o6utehha nphbeaehhoh conepxcateabho- 4>aKTyanbHOH HH4»opMa)U)H BCero npoh3beaehha. OnHaKO 3to He H dcaw iaer ' CttMOHoe K, l& nah Toncroro. - H obm R m h p, 1969, N* 12, c. 161, 170, 172, A uacnchte H. ConepxmMKe - 4>opMa - conepmxiie, - HobuA mhp, 1968, rp

123 B03M0JKH0CTH nphcytctbkff B CKH SJieMeHTOB CyStCKTHBHO OUeHOIHOH MOflMbHOCTH. TaK, 3nHTpaMMaTHMCCKHC CTpOKH COH6TB o 6blTOO COflepXtaT CKH, CHrtbHO OKpaiueHHyio abtopckhm KHflHBHAyaJibHNM nohhmahhem hbneh fu. IlpHMbiM h nenocpeflctbehhwm BbtpasMteneM cy&bektwbho -ouehotooft MOaanbHOCTH BHCK33blB3HHR BBJISCTCH IBtOKe Me)KilOMeTHe. 06 3MOttHOHVIb> kom Hanp««eHWH npeahoxceiow, coaepacam ero MeatflOMeiMe, yxce m hoto HanHcaHO. MaKAOMente, S y a y w lacnm eh, Bupaxtaioineft qybctba «e HenocpeacreeHho, a, TaK ctcaaatb, nponymeuhbie wepea Hauie coahamte, BbipaxcaeT iiuutb nohhthh o HauiHX lyb cib ax. 3 to fibjiaetca AOKa3arejibcrBOM He cnohiahh o c th, a npenhamepehhocm b HcnonbSOBaHHH a ro ro mukoboro cpeaciba. MexnoM eihe okpaiithbaer cbohm h awaqehhrmh He tojimco npeaaoxcehhe, b KoropoM oho y notpefin ReTca, ho h BMCKaauBaHxe b qcjiom. Eonee ro ro, nobtopflflcb, oho, ttofflosho flpythm nphemam, HaqHHaer Bbipaxcan cyobekth b h o oiiehoihoe othouiehhe abtopa k npeflmety mmcjih h, tcm cam um, q h k o - BHTCR KaTerOpHefi MOflaJlbHOCTH TeKCTa. BecbMa CBoeofipaaHO npohbjiaetca KateropHH MOaanbHOCTH rekcia b cehrehuhh. B cipemjiehhh 0606m HTb Ha6jnoAaeMbie RBJieHHH h o th o u k h h r MesKfly hhm h HepeaKO npocbequbaer jim H ocm oe othouiehhe nhcatenx k tth m HBJieHHJtM. CeHTeHtptH MblCDHMa TOAbKO KBK HKAHBHAy3/IbHO-TBOpHeCKHfl aicr. Mhc yxce nphxoflnnocb robophtb 06 OTHocmeA bho h HeaaBHCHMOciH cehiehtthh o t KOHieKCta [Hi*. ranbnephh, 1977]. O ahbko, 6 yflyth b KaKOHto cienehh abtoceman thhho it no OTHomeHHio k HenocpencTBeHHOMy OKpyxce- HHX) (MHKpOKOHTeKCTy), CeHTeHIUU CT3HOBHTCH BaXCHOtl BeXOH Ha tlyth onpeaenehha 3ana<i xyaoxcectbehhoro npoh3beoehha, T.e. ero coaepxcatefluto- KOHuemyanbHoii HH^opMaiutH. B UopTpeTe Jlopttaua T p ea 0. yahhtfla cehrehuhhb y c r n nopaareh ph BMpaxcawr He c to h b k o MaHepy 3ro ro nepcohaxca robopurb napaaokcamh, ck o Jitk o ocrethqeckhe B033peHKR O. yaftnbaa. IloaTOMy moxcho MOAajibHocn. Bcero npoh3beaehhh, ero HacTpoft b KaKOH-to crenehh onpeaeahtb xapaicrepom cmrehahh, KoropwMH HacuuieH 3TO Texcr. MoflanbHOCTb b ryprehebckom pacckaae MyM y npoflbjihetca, cxemaihmho roboph, b onhcahhh ropaxeft nphbhsahhocrh repachma k ero co 6aKe h npothbonocrabnehhoh eft xcectokocrh 6apwHH; uejibtit psm, h s u k o b u x cpenctb, KOiopbtMH DHcareJib pncyet osctahobky 6apcK oro noma, OTHouieHHe paajih^hbix nepcohaxceft k MyMy b H rore hm ium aktho BbipaxcaioT nybctba camoro abtopa. 3 ra cy SteKTHBho-oaeHOaHaa MOAanbHocrb OKpaimiBaeT Bee n poha BeneHHe. B cntxotbopehhh M. IlBeraeBoii "O, cjieau Ha rnaaax rphwflbi nobtopeh- Hoe MexcAOMetHe o, Meracpopa Hepwm sopa (cpaunum), annioahh (ibopuy BepHytb GHJier), cepna maroxob: Obiib, x u n, ewib, n a t t n h aabepmaiomee Cm.: Buhoepadoa B,B. MexcnoMenu, h x rptmmmmeckhc ocofctmocnihhxcemaimiqeckik paaiphou. - B kh.: PyccKHfi» 3Uk. 1947; BlatOoea HJO. MeMAOMenta kb k rpammathheckh snemest npennoxcekm b pycckofl paarobophou pe>oc. - BA, 19 57, W» 1 ; ryrttep M J 7. C e M a H t m e c K a e r C T p y K i y p H u e o c o f c H H O c m M e x d O M e i H f l c o B p e M e i m o r o attrniiackoro» u k >. M., ; Hck03 AM., Jkmtoaa Bupaxtwr jih M O K R O M e n u t tlohffthh? - y q e H ^ a B. Jiry, 195 6, N* 260, B u n

124 cjiobo otkta nepeaawr nyiuebhoe cociomcne noara rnygokoe paso^apobaline gcibhmo. Cy&MKTHBHo-oueHQMHM MonaJibhoctb anecb npoaannerch b 3ByNaHf«i cgnnxehhbxx rnarojiob -ooh kthh. KpaTKoe onncahhe MonanbHOCTH rencra nokaawbaer, m o aia KaieropHH B nphmchetfhh K eflhhhuam, BWXOJWIUHM aa npefle/ibi npejyioxewm, KapajinaflbHO MeHHer cboc HiSHaqeHHe naxe b rniahe cy G m kthbho ouehothoro xapaiaepa. H3 flbyx bhqob MonanuiociH og ickthbhoh h cygtekthbhos nepsaa BOoCtue He ceohctbehha xyflpxecraehhomy TeKciy. Bcwiee Toro, ofoekthbho-moaanbkoe 3HaqeHHe qauie Bcero orpahhmhbaetca tojibko npeanoxehhem. Beflb OTHomeHHe peanbhoctb/nppeanutdctb b xyfloxecibeh- TeKCTax BOoSuie chhmaetca, nockojibicy xyfloxecrbchhwe npoh3beflehtw aaiot TOJibKo HsoGpaxeimyio peanbhoctb. 3 th npotobeflehhh iuioa b pax chkh nhcarejifl, noara, apamarypra. ymecmo 3oecb BcnoMHHib cneaywmhe crpokh JlepMOHTOBa: B ytte cbosm a eoanan M*p molt, H ospaaob k h u x cyinecibobmbe, A uenuo hx cbjim ji M exny cofiob, A nan hm bha, ho He nan km HrjBiHb*. M ppeah bh ocib c o G h tk k, <t>aktob, n e p c o n a x e ft, o n to iu e H H ii b m u b ji H e ic n ococehho HpKO b ogpaiflehhh n H c a ie jm c BpeMeHHbiMH h npoct pancib eh K bim H K areroph A M H. CaMO rp a M M a n n e c K o e SHateHHe TaKOfi <J>opMu, KaK P re se n s h i s - to ric u s.c B H fle T e n b c ib y e i 0 6 u p p e a n b H o c ih nob ectb O B ah iu. OGmmho c w ia xyflo xect B eh H oro B03a e ftc ib h ji TeM sh ath TejibH eii, qem M eh ee a a M e m a y c - nobhoctb H3o 6 paxeh H «flefictb HTejibHocTH. M H O row cnek H bie nph M epbi H enocpeactbehhoii peakuhk aph T enbh oro 3an a Ha n p O H C x o aam ee Ha citeh e, cjieabi h jih CMex b o BpeMH qrehtwi k o m k h c c k h x h jih T p an w eck H x m ih s o a o b k h k t h - nokaaarejjh T o ro, KaK HCKyccTBo nepenoch T 3p H ie n Jt/qnT atejih H3 MHpa B o o S p a x a e M o ro b m h p peanbh bih. H TeM He M ehee onbtthmft a p n - Tenb/HHiaTeJib tu n e o rfla He aas bib aex, m o n e p e a h h m H3o 6 p a x e H H a a x h s h b, T ajcoii HHTaieiib socnph H H M aer n p o H c x o a * m e e b flb y x ru iah ax ; o h c o n o c ia B jraet fleftctbhrejtbhoe h B O og paxaem oe, H ak JiaflbiB aer o a h o Ha f lp y r o e, o u e* HHBaeT B oofip ax aem O e, h c x o a h H3 n ph B biw btx fljih H e ro K p H tep u eb, M H po- OmymeHHH H M epbl HOHHMaHHH B0 3 M0 XHMX OTKJIOHeHHH OT TipHBblHHOrO. OflHOBpeMeHHO o h n b ita e r c a o n p e fle jih ib OTHomeHHe a B io p a k n p e flm e iy MbtcjiH h iem cam bim yxchhtb a n a ce6 «c y 6 bekthbho -MOflajibHoe 3HaqeHHe B cero xekcia. HeJtb3fl He cornachtbch c PyTpo<J»OM, KOTOpbiH yib epxaaei, m o b npouecce itchhfl m m Gonee h h h MeHee co3haienbho c k jio k h m HcxoflHib H3 KaKOHt o HHiepnpeiHpyiomeH TeHfleHUHH (in te rp reta tiv e sta n d p o in t), Ha Koiopyto Bca Hauia nocneayioiflax HHTepnperauHOHHaJi aentenbhocib Gonee h jih MeHee ynpamo ophehthpyeica [Pyrpod), 4 9]. K ax MHe n p eflcrab n fleicfl, HHxepnpeTHpyiomaH TeHflaiflHa y PyTpo<]>a h h jito HHoe k b k annepueniihh paaaen, xopouio pa3pa6orahhbih b cofiet- CKoii nchxonorhh fljin ogoauaqehha BocnpHflTHH, ogycflobjiehhoro npouiflbim onbiiom. Annepueniun onpeaenaet xapaktep b o s m o x h o h HHTepnpeiaiytH BocnpHH HMaeMoro. HeonbtTHbiH MHTarejib, ybneqehhbih pa3beptbibahnem 4>a6ynbi qatue Bcero He 3aMeqaei ogbmho CKpbuoft cygvekthbhoh MOflanbHocnt, Koropan OKpa- 121

125 u ik B a er o ra e n b H b ie m h 30o m, coc m th x, (Jjax T u, cm b x x o a k tc x b ru ie n y c o 6 - c tb c h h o h H H T epnpeth p y io iu es reitneh m ih ( a n n e p n e n iw O k n e n o w ot O B - ACH K KpKTHteCKOK OUeHKe cy6mktmbho-moflanbhoro 3H34BHHH H3naraeM bix 4>aKTOB h og m efi K om jenuh H ab T opa. "MofflajibHoe attaneitik, - ro n u e r H JO. IllBeflOBa, - e c n cneuhtjhwecxoe 3Ha<ieHHe ch H T axcineck oro noctpoeh tw ; o h o M ow er G u n nph cym e Tonhico KOHcrpyKUHH b uejiom " [H JO. DlBeaoBa. 1 7 ]. TeKCTOBan M onanuioct b tohcc nph cym a uenom y. OHa oxpauih BaeT OTAenbHue BUcxaabiBaHftx TonbKO a m r o r o, m o 5 w noflro ro B H ib HHTare/iH k BoenpHXTKto cygwxihbho-moflajibhoro 3HaveHHii 3 ro ro u e n o r o. J I k w o c tb a B io p a, e r o MHpOB033peHHe, xyadxcecraehhoe K p eao, 3m ouho- HanbHbiH H a d p o fi, c oakoa cropohbi, h acahp xyfloacectbehhoro npohsbeflehim, c a p y ro fi, npeflcrabjihiot paccmaiphbaemme cygieiohbho-m oaajibhue h o G m k th b h o -Moaam>Hbie 3Ha»<eHHfl He b h x HHBapHBHTHUX o th o iu m d u x, a c yneiom BuuieHa3Ba«HUX ycnobhhft. XapaxTepttciH KH nepcohaxceft h h x h o c- rynkob b npoh3beaehhflx CaniuKOBa-tQeapHHa HacTOJibKo npotuoah bt n o - KanbHMMH cygbek th b h o -MooanbHMMH 3Ha*teHHXMH, «rro He ocraetch HHKaxoro co m h b h h h b og iikm cygbexthbho-moaanbhom wavehhh B cero npoh3beaehh», C bm o nohbthe " c a m p a npeflo n p ea enxei akcruwuhthoe p acx p b rm e aam ucna abtopa h, cneaobareobho, coaepxcatejibho-xohuentyajibhoh HH$opMauHH, KOTOpax n o c ia T o w o x p x o ok pauiek a ogiuhm cygtexthbho -ouehowbim ana- KHHeM. B nphb eabhhom Bbirne paccxaae 0 jhogbh *lexob nonbayeicx npwemom onyacflehha. Paccxa3 Beaeica He o t HHiia abropa, a o r HHita nepcoftaxca Anexmia. Co flepacaien bho-kohucnryajibhax hh4>opmbuh» aanoweha b cnobax: fl nohhji, i t o Koraa jhoghuu., to b cbohx paccyjkaathxx 0 6 ctoh jiiogbk hjokho HcxoflHib o t Bwcuiero, o t 6 onee Baxaioro, <jcm cxactbe HJIH HeC*taCTbe, rpex nfih nogpoaerenb b hx xoaxnem cmbicne, hjih He Hyxoto paccyxcflan> BOBce. 3 ra CKH He iiaet ochobahhh yibepxcaatb, hto aflecb nphcytctbyet xaierophfl MonanbHocrH, ho xoth m u He ckjiohhw oioxcaectbjintb repox npoh3beaehhx c ero abtopom, see ace bo Bceft tk sh h paccxaaa npocbeth- BaeT cygbekthbh0 x>aehohhax MOflanbHOCTb. OGpaa "GenxH b KOJiece, nob- TopeHHMH ABaacAu, SeciiejibHocxb cyuiecrbobbhhx, paaoxapobahhe b xciqkh, TOcxa 0 HecGwBuieMCx cxacrbe - &ce 3to BbtauBaer, xax mhc xaacercx, Heo- AoGpeuHe <lexoba. 3flecb h annuo KOHrexcnio-BapHaTHBHOe uiehemhe. CHanana yciamh repox, a b xohije ycramh oeyx flpynix nepcohaxcefi Hcxob xocsehho ognhtaer nacchbhocn,, Gecuenurocn cymectbobahh* juoneii, koto pwe motjih 6bi nphhochtb nonbsy oguiectby. IlpHBeay cneflyiomhh o tp u b o k : " O h h O ecnok oitnh C b, n r o x, ofspuob uutufl HenoBen, attaioiuhfl ju m k h, b m c c to t o t o m toc w 3«HHMaTbcx Ha/KoX h u h m c rep ary p H b im rpyflo M, a a m y a nepeane, Bepxycb, x a x Senna b Konece, m h o t o pic oraio, h o Bceraa Sea rp o u n. Hm xaaanocb, <tro x crpaa no h, e c jw m r o iio p io, c M c n c b. em, t o tonbk o n n x to r e, q io S u ctcp u ib c b o h ctpaju H tu, m oaace b se c e x u e M H ayru, K onta m h o S u n o xopouio, x xybctboaan Ha cese h x n u o n ib u e Barjunbi". PaccMOTpHM ApyrOH o ip u so x : T l o K a AnexHH p a ccn a a u B a n, Aoacnb n e p ecra n h B u n u m y n o cojw ite, EypKHH h H b b h H e a H O B H H b u u u i h Ha SajiKow; o i o o n a S u n n p enpach ua b h A x a c a n k H a nnee, xo r o p u t t r c n e p b u a c o a h i k S n e c re n, n a n aepicano. O h h m o S o B a n n c b h b t o ate B p e M i acanenh, h t o aio T n e n o s e K c A o S p b M H, y M H M M H rnaaam H, K O T O p u f i pacct<a3uban h m c t j k h m 122

126 w c to c e p n e m e M. 0 o m o m a t n t» e p ren c«m e e t, b jto m rpom UHOM amoom, k i k 6em < i 0 x o n e c e,» He aw H M in ca HiyKOfl lin n <iem-iui6 ynb n p y n im. h t o j k j u i i o 6 u e r o * K 3 Hk 6 0 n ee n p n * in o 8 ". H t i k, coflepxcare/imo-kohueniyajibhax HH(J>opMau>w aaecb nphmepho cneayiomaji: qenobek He Bnpase noaabjiiitb Benmcoe qybcrao - JiiofjoBb. Oftmee cytibekthbho-moflajibhoe 3HaieHHe no HCKoiopoH cienehh b m h b j i h - ercfl lepea a b o h h o c npenomnetttie - ab ionopiper Anexima, repoa pacckaaa, h m h b h ne o h c m fteyx nepcohawefi. B e e w e sro o6uiee cyfrbekthbho-mofla/ib- Hoe 3Ha<ieHHe pacckaaa BepCantHo KenocTatowo Bbipaweno. 3aecb m o jk c t nomohb ogpauiehhe k jihtepatypobenveckoft o6 m c ia HccneflOBaHHji TBopie* c m 4exoBi. H3BecTno, a t o 4exoB o6 jim an o6t>ibarejibckyio, notunym aciohb h n m pycacoro HHTennHrema, 6e3BonhHoro, HuepTHoro, HecnocofiHoro aaiwtbc h osuiectbehho noneshnm xpyaom jiwumero qenobeka ( b c ii o m k h m Bucica- 3biB3HHH AcrpoBa b Axoe Bake ). HcKntoienHeM h b /ih io t c h Bpa<iH h ywrenh, AnexKH c t o h t b puny pyccm x 'jik u ih h x jhoneii, h norrom y m o x ch o cxaaatb, <rro osuiee cy6bekthbho-mona/ibhoe 3HaieHHe paccica3a, BbixBJummee o t h o - iueuhe abiopa k coaepxcahmo Bcero paccxaaa, noqckaaaho ero o ik h ic o k cobpem«hhoh emy pycckoh MHieiuiHreimHH. K o r n a paccm BTpH BaioTCH TaKHe K p y tm w e o f o e t c r u, K ak t c k c t, M HOrwe x b jic h h x O K a a b ib a io rc x nepeid iet eh H M M H. H a n p H M e p, c o a e p * a T e jib n o -K O H - u e n r y a n b H a ji HHi)>opM auiih M o w e x 6 b in > O K p aiu e H a cyg bek T H B H o-otteh O th O H MOOaJIbHOCTbW B TOM nohhm ahhh, KOTOpOe H 3JiaraeTC H B 3T0H k k h t c. M o a a n b - H o c tb M o w e i 6biT b B bih B JieH a b n p o u e c c e H H ie rp a u H H M acreft h c h o c o 6 o b h x c u e i u ie m u t, b x a p a K T e p e H cn o jib 3 0 B ah H x os p aah W X c p e a c i B, b 4> P M ax n e p e a ie u e H T y a u H H n p e f lw r a t h b h m x h p ejix ih B H W x o ip e a K O B r e K d a, b o BKJUOieH H K abtoccmahththbl X npeojlow ehhh B TKBHb HOB ectbobahhx H B u e n o M p a n e a p y r m npw em O B, b t o h h jih h h o h c re n e H H p e a i m y i o i u i i x c e M a n - TH xeck H e K a x e ro p H H xek C T a. Oco6yto rpyohoctb npeactabjixer qo5ok KpHcraxJiHaamu KaxeropHH tck- CTO BOH MOnajlbHOCTH B XyflOJKeCTBCKHOH np03e, no TOM y 1 TO TeKCTOBaa MOjiajibHOCTb pacnbinnetck b Macce oyehok OTflejibHwx JJieMeHXOB xencxa, H (Jjpaooaaa MooanbHocxb b KaK oh-to ctenemr aaremhaet rekciobyio.coanabaa Boo6pawaeMbM M«p, xynowhhk cnoba He Mower S u it 6ecnpHCTpacTeH k jto - My MHpy. npenctabjixx ero kbk peanbhmh, oh b 33bhchmocth o t cboero MCTOOa XyjqOJKeCTBCHHOH H306pa3HTejlbHOCTH JIH60 HpXMO, JIHfjO KOCBeHHO Bbipawaei cboe othoiuehue k H3o6paxcaeMOMy. HepeoKO jihieparypobeflbi HaxOflXI BOSMOWHblM OnpeflCJIHTb 310 OTHOUKHHe, He nojib3yxcb QaHHblMH JIHHTBHCTHHeCKOrO aha/ih3a HpOHJBeneHHH, a TOJibKO DO JIHTepaxypHblM hctohhhk3 m, rakhm, KaK <}>aktbi 6norpai})HH nucaxejih, ero nhcbma.jmebhhkh h np., a cpewf jihhtbhctob a o chx nop Bcrpettaeicx TeHaeHtuui aepxcaibcx nphktutna n jihhtbhct, h noaromy Bee jimepatypobeaxeckoe MHe lyaqjo. fl crapanca nok33atb, hto paccmotpemte TaKoii tckctoboh KareropHH, KaK TeKcTOBan cy&bek ihbhbh MonanbHOcrb, hohwho o&benmuttb yciuihh j ih t c - paiypobeaob h j i h h t b h c t o b. M e r o flb i h n p n e M b i jih ie p a r y p o B e f lq e c K o r o h jihhtbhcthmcckoro ah ajih so B rech O B sah M oneflct B v io t b o n p e jje n e H H H t c k c t o b o h M oaanbh O C T H. TeKciojion m, k o t o pan ao c h x n o p n p H H a o n e w a n a J ih T e p a x y p o B e a e H K io, aonxcha 6btn> o 6 n a C T b io, r n e h r a h a p y r a x H ayk H M o r y r y c n e u m o a o n o j i H s i b a p y r f l p y r a. 123

127 r/iaba IX HHTErPAUHfl H 3 ABEPIllEHHOCTb TEKCTA KaK fibuio nokaaano b npenbioyuuk rnabax, see KareropHH TeKCTa, o 6m a- TCJiaHMe h ^^KynaTaTHBHbie, nepcruierchbi h B3aHMoo6ycnoBJieHbi. BuaeneHHe KaKOfl-JiH6 o oflhoh M3 hhx win ttenea HccneAOBaHHB aneqet 3a co6ofi ee ofiocogjiehhe, b peayjibtaie K oroporo acnee BbicrytiaioT ohtonormeckhe h napbtthmanneckhe xapakiephcthkh naimoa KareropHH. Ho KaK TonbKO HafintonemtKt noflbepra»tch chhtarmaimeckhe ocosehhoc BbmeneHtiofi KareropHH, b nefictbhe BcrynaioT jtpyrtte KareropHH tekcra. T ikob* yxc np«- pona JIHHTBHCTHHeCKOFO (flo H He TOJlbKO JIHHTBHCTHHeCKOro) ahanh3a. Pa3Jia> ran uenoe Ha ero cocrabhbie to cth, mm ckjiohhu npmtabaib Gonautyx) 3HaiH- Moctb lacihm, <tem ohh rro ro 3acny*HBaioT b coctabe uenoro. Bonee io ro, Bacni HatHHaioT reparb cboio 3aBHCHMOcrb o t uenoro k npho6 petaiot HeKoiopyio no/iio camoctofttenbhocth, KaK n o 6wjio nokaaano b r/iab< 0 6 abioce- MaHTHH. O jm ak O M e ro a b i ah an u a a t e K d a KaK K p y n tto A eah H H au p e n e B o ro ak ra He TOHcaecTBeHHbi M eroflam ahajih 3a e r o qact eft. D ph aiianh ae rekcta b h h m b - h h c o B p a m e H o Ha MaKpo()>aKTu c o G u th h, s ro o o ftb i, xapak ieph CTH K H, <Jia- 6 y jiy b e e pa3b eprbib ah H H. M e r o a ah anh sa re K c r a c o c t o h t b t o m. t t o Bee 3 th B acih paccm arphbaiotch K ak HsojiHpoBaHHO, T ax h b h x b aah M oom om eh H H x. TaKOH M erofl m oxcho HaaBaTb CHHTesHpyioiiiHM h h h H H re rp u p y 10 iu h m. HHTerpaitHH ( o r n arh H C K oro in tegratio BocciaHOBJieHHe BOcnonHeHHe, in te g e r uenwa'),n o o n p e u e jie H in o E C 3, n o n a r n e reophh CHcreM, o 3H ataio - u iee coctohhne cbaaahhocth o rjte n b H b ix jtk((>4>epehithpobahhwx HacTeA b u e n o e, a TflKXce tipoitecc, BenyutnA k rak O M y coctohhhio. Kan ace HHTerpauHH peanmyetch b rekcre, KaK cnaireaiotch ometibhbie HHCTH BOeAHHO, K3KOBM IJyTH o6pa30bahhh CAHHCTBa HHH, BepHCe, ItenOCThocth TeKCTa? H h h ro ro «to6m orberhtb na 3 th Bonpocw, Heo6 xoohmo y r o i- HKTb camo nohhthe HHTerpauHH b ee jk CipanojniitHH B ocnactb jihhtbhcthkh TeKCTa. n phmehhrejtbho k TeKcry HHTerpaitHH a r o cnopee n p o ttecc, *km e ro peay n b iat. O&beOHHHH cmmcjim orneflbh bix COE, coflepwahhh ornejibkbix m abok, rnab h np. b emmoe u ejio e, HHTerpaitHH HeAipajiH3yeT o th o chtenbhyw abtocemahthio 3thx <tacrea h notthkhnet hx ogrnea HH<t>opMaiutHt 3aKJiio"ieH- HOH B npoh3beaehhh. HHTerpaitHH 3attana cam oft chcremoft TeKCTa h B03HHKaer b hcm n o Mepe e r o pa3beptwbahhh. OHa hbhhctch HeoTbCM jkmoh K areropnea TeK cia. Hmchho hhterpupobahhe o6ecne4h B aer nocnenob atenbh oe ocmbicnehhe cottepxcaiejibho-<i>akty an wtoa HHtftopMaitHH. Peayjibrar HHTerpHpOBaHHH cbxaah c KareropneA 3aBepuieHHocrH. H nierpaithh no-pa3homy BocnpHHHMaetcH b rekctax HaynHbix, nygjihitkcrwieckhx, ttenobbix, c oahoh ctopottbi, h b TCKCTax xvtkdkectbehhbtx, c apyroa. 0» a B KaKoA-TO CTeneHH HBnaercH Taxwe ^yhkithea ogbema TeKcra: vem fkwibiue tc k c t, rem MeHee otheiithbo HaGinoaaeTCH h peam oyeicn KareropHH HHTerpaitHH. "... no Mepe ybejimehhh hjjhhm BMCKaauBaHHH, TtHiner 10,0. CrenaHOB, - m m robopnutero Boapaciaer cbo6 o/ta BbiSopa <{K)pM. Ilo3iOMy ctenehb BbipaaceHHH hhohbnaya/ibhocni hhhhocth... HBnnercH i^yhkuhea 124

128 xekcxa ' CBoSofla Bbi6opa < opm h BbtpaxceHHe HHflHBHayajibHocxH Jim* h o c t h b CoJibiiiHx no oswmy TeKcrax ioxce ycnoauwer npouecc BocnpusxHH oenocihocni rekcta h nyieft ero HHrerpauHH. B xekcxax tayviob nposu KKTerpauHa nerko noaaaercjt ahajiray. B a n n rekctax Ha nepbbift imah su e - xynaex KaieropHH KOHTmyyMa, x.e. HenpepbiBHoro noioka KH()x>pMauHH, m e naace, K83anocb 6w, necymectbehhoe npwosperaet CBoeo6pa3Hy» Be- COMOCXb. Heo6xoflHMo npobecth rpana Mexcay KoresHCH h HHierpatweB. 3 t h n o iu - t k h BaaHMOoCycnOBneHM, h o o h h paajimhbt c t o h k h apeanu h x 4»opM h cpeactb BbipaxceHHH. Kore3HH, KaK axo fouio ykaaaho b mabe o Korea h h, 3x0 4k> pm u cbm 3h - rpammanneckhc, cemahxmeckhe, aekcmeckhe - Mexcay oraenuoim H lacihmh xekcxa, onpeaenuomhe nepexoa o t oahoro k o h t c k c t h o - B aph aih B H oro uiesehhh TeKCTa k apyromy. MHTerpauMH axo ofrbeanh»nie BCex qacreft xekcxa b uejihx b o c th b c o ih h ero i k j i o c t h o c t h. HmerpauHH MOxcer ocymectbhhnch cpeactbamh KoreaHH, h o m o x cct crpohtbca h Ha accouwa* TKBHbix h npecynno3htthohhhx o t h o u k h k h x. Kore3H«- KaxeropHH norm ec- Koro nnana, HHTerpaiow cicopee nchxanorweckoro. Ecjih Korea hh peajm3yexcx b CHHiarMaxmecKOM pa3peae, 10 HHxerpamoo moxcho npeacxabkib ce6e khk rrapaahtmaxhxeckhh npouecc, kkbimk aiobamh, KOI C3HH JIHHeftHa, HHXerpaUHJI BepTKKajIbHa. B H e6onbiiih x n o o S x e M y xekcxax, b ocoseim ocxh b t j i, HCHTpanbHwx cth/ihx H 3M Ka K o rea n * nojm octbio o6ecne>«hbaet H H ierpaiutio. B x a n n x i c k - cxax CBH3b h BaaHMooRycnoBJieHHOCTb xacxeft cjihudcom oiebh flkbi. flp y r o e aeno b TeKCTax xyaoxcectbehhoh JiH xepaiypw, rae, H aog opor, K o re a n s cn yw H t HHuib BcnO M O raienbh H M cpeacxbom c b h sk He6ofibuiHX oxpeako B, a CBH3b K p yn H b ix 4>parMeHTOB h tacxeif He B ceraa n e rko ynabjihbaexch. CnojKHOcxb npoaecca K H ie rpaium y c y ry & ise x c H xem, tx o b npoh 3BeaeH H sx xyapxcecxb m * Hofl jih xeparypbi M o ry x nohbhxbcn HppejjeBaim tbie m w cjih h paccyxcflehhh, JIjih x o ro h to 6 u nph Becnt h x k oa n O M y 3H am eh ax«iio n o a ta c xpe6yioxch onpeaeneh H ue y c w m * anajih xm eck O ro ym a, HanpaajieHHue Ha ocmbicnetnfe HMFU1HUHTHOH COnpHHCeHHOCIH T3KHX OXKJIOHeHHH. Ho h b KpynHMX Hayotbix Tencxax - MOHorpa<}>HHX, ahccepxammx, y<(e6- HHKaX - BO3M0HCHW OXKJIOHeHHH - ahajih3 npobeflehhblx 3KCnepHMeHX0B, HanoaceKHe xoqek apehhh apyrhx HccneaoBateneft, HCiopHH Bonpoca h ap. OfflMKo Gyayw CB«3aHbi c ochobhoh npo6nemoh HcateaosaHHH, ohh nerko noaaautch npoaeccy HHierpamiH, HaaSonee iiojiho h BcecTopoHHe mrrerpauhh peanh3yexch b Bbiaoaax h aaxnioqehhhx k HayoibiM HccneaosaHHSM. B hhx moscho ybhflexb KaK npouecc HH;erpai(HH, xak h ero pesyjibiax. IIpHBeay nphmep ncnojibaobahhh ssw kobm x cpeacrb, ofecnewbaioiithx HRrerpaunto oxaejibhbcx qacxeft cianh PocnoBua, osarjiabjiekhoft 0 btopocxenehhbix xnehax npeanoxcehhs h hx oikxakomeckhx <J>yHKtowx (B.fl., 1976, N* 3 ). B ochobhom axa cxaxwi HanpaBJieHa npoihb pasrpahhxehhh rjiabhbix h BxopocxeneHHbix xnehob npeanoxcehhh, npoxhbopexamero, c to*jkh 3peHKH abxopa, MHoroypOBHeBoft, ctpyktyphoii h cmahthneckofi oprahh3aiuth (c. 88). KaK o6ecneqhbaexch HHxerpauHH b jxom xekcxe? M nraa cxaxbh 15 1 CremHoe 10.C. CeMHontKa. M., 1971, c S

129 KypHajibHbix cipahhu, KojiHqeciBO a6 aaneb, KOTOpue m oxcho ycnobho nphpabhrtt k CBepx4»a30BhiM eflhhcrbam, 42. He pacxpubaa conepwatejimto- KOHueHinyajibHyto HH<}>opMamoo asiopa, trpocneohm, KaK HHierpHpoBaHw qacth, H ffjifi aroro nepewcnttm noani Bee o 6 opon>i, c KOTOpbix b atoll cran>e HantHatoTca a63auw: TlepBaa noskiuw..., Ha cocroonehha nphhtaaia... Boa- HHKJia HeoBxoaHMOcrb..., BepHO, aio..., 3 t o 3Ha<)HT, >no..., B c b h 3h c 3 tk m cneflyei..., Ha aio ro cnenyet..., HaM Haxcerca Taicxce..., Tlepsoe nonoxcehhe..., Bropoe nonoxcehhe..., *fro xce xacaetca..., TaKHM ospaaom..., TaK, B open* jtoxcetnth..., B nphmepe..., B BbicKa3MBaHHH.., B cb6t< HanoxceHHoro..,, flph atom HyxtHo ywrhbatb..., TaKHM 0 6 pa3om..., KaK yxce otmeaanocb,.., 3 t o paarpahtnehhe..., To xce camoe m oxcho ckaaaib, HraK..., Hftaae robopa..., KaK BHOHO..., B CBH3H C 3THM..., HaJIOXCeHHbie BblUie coocpaxcehhh... IlpHBefleHHbie osopotw He tohbko cneiuiaiot ojihh a6aau c npyrhm, ho h hbjihiotch cpeacrbamh HHierpatotH B ces cian>n, KaK HanpHMep: "KaK bhoho..., B cbere HanoxceHHoro, HanoxceHHue Bbiute cooepaxceiow, HraK" h opynte. KpoMe antx o^opo-rob HMeeica eiue h oh$poboe BuoeneHHe ot* pe3kob BMCKaawBaHHa: 1,2,3,4. HHrerpauHH ocymectbnaeica He to jib k o ^PManbHo-rpaMMannecKHMH CpeoCTBaMH CBH3H, HO H CeMaHTHKO-TeMaiHHeCKKMH. TaK, B ahaouahpyemoh ctafbe b nepbom C E abtop k o h c t b t h pyet KpnaHc TpannitHOHHoro yaehha o BiopocxeneHHbix qjieaax npennoxcehha (c. 7 4 ). Bo BTOpOM C4E oimcahhe KpH3Hca pa3beptbtbaetcfl h paccmatphbaiotcfl pa3jinqhbie chcremm oenehhh Ha rjiabhbie h BTOpocieneHHue wiehw npennoxcetuta. flajiee cjieny»t cbepx* 4>paaoBwe eflhhcraa, b Koropwx onacaha anmejibhah HCiopHa aroro "KpHaaca (c. 7 5 ). 3 t h C<t>E conepxcai: mrran>i H3 ornenbhmx pa6o i, k p h th * qeciore aameqaaiw, m w c jjh h cyxcoehxa oihochiejibho UHtHpoBaHHbix nono* xcehhh, ujuiioctpakhh 4>opM aabhchmocm o jd ih x qactefi npeonoxcehh* o t npyrnx h, HaKOHeu, co6ctbehhy» KOHoenuato abtopa o co«tetatejikhnx h npeono*emeckhx cbaaax. Kax yxce yxaabibanocb Bbnue, HHierpatsut b xyooxcectbehhux Texcrax npocnexckbaeich He ctoju. ometjihbo. Oua nphospeiaei BecbMa paahoobpaa- Hbte <J>opMM h nphcmm. HanpHMep, H A. 3MHeBCKaa nokaabibaer, xax oh* crahthbih nobxop peajih3yet HHTerpaiuoo b otoenahux nocneoobatenbho pacnajioxcehhbix aaciax ren c ra1. OcoSeHHo tpyoho npocnemrre nponecc HHrerpauHH b noanmeckhx Tex* CTax, b Koropbix cooepxcatenbh04cohoenfyani>hah H H ^pm auiu aacro paanirra b pane ospaaob, accoimaiihh, CMyrmax npenciabjiehhh, Hepacxpbirbix, a nonaac ensa HaMeaeHHbix CBaaax asnehha. B CTatbe TnyfiHHa noattneckoro TeKCTa [TaobnepHH H.P., 1976] a crapanca noxaaaib, ato naxce raxhc 4>ax* TOpbl, K a K 3ByKOBOH H JICKCmeCKHfi HOBTOpbt, ph^kma, CTpyKTypHM6 OCOfieHh o cth CJiyxcaT b no33hh cpeftcibamh HHTerpauHH. "UenocTHOCTb xynoxcectbehh o to o6 pa3a, - [rauier T.B. CienaHOB, - onpeoenaerca cbmoh nphponofl xynoxcectbetmoro MbttuneHKa, xoropoe ctpemtnca oxb anm m h p tcax uenoe, He npoda xchbyto nehctbkrenbitocn Ha tocth. CnenH^Hxa H3WicoBoro o4>opmjichhh uejiocthoro o 6paaa cocto h t, oaebmmo, He npocio b noffm hshhocth ot* 13 m u m c k m H A. HHHrMcnun!cnnecKiK oco6ehhocth noaropa h ero pom b oprkhx- Minnc Texcra, ABtope^. Kmn. d h c. M., m

130 fl&rlhhblx JIHHTBHCTHteCKHX eflhhmu TeKCTy KSK UeJlOMy, HO B COteTBHHH C camocxohienbhoh (camoflobjieiomeh) conepxcatenbhofi u c h h o c tm o m i x e m - HHn 1. B 3TOM BUCKBSblBaHHH yflatho BbipaXCeH OCHOBHOH HpH3H3K HHTCrpa- UHH - noflwhehhoctb H CaMOCtOHieJIbKOCIb OTJRJIbHMX HaCICH. Ohhbko b paahbix x anpax HafinjoflaeTCJi 3Ha<uneJiutoe pacxoxcnehhe b $op- MaJibHO-coaep)KaTenbHOM h scteihko-xynoatecibehhom o th o u k h h sx, h noaro- My rpyaho o6 ienhhhib b cxemaimeckom BHne oco6 «hhocth jiojshh JiKpmec- Kofi, nunaictoteckoh, rpaxtnahckoh, cantpfmeckoh h t j i. B noanneck H x TeKctbx HHTerpMpyeMbie qacth npho6 peiaiot ocogoe shatehhe h 3ByiaHHe, a b ne- KOtopbix xcanpax MoryT naxce aaiemharb ochobhyw Hneio npoksaenchkh, ociabjwji ihtaiwiio npabo camomy yachhtb ce6e nyrh HHierpaiiHH. n o TeiccTy n3becihoro cihxotbopoihfl B. nactephaxa Euxb ahamehhtum HeKpacHBo h nonutaiocb npocneiurrb, KaK OTflenbHbie cipotjjbi ogaenhhhiotch b enhhoe yenocthoe xynoxcecrbekhoe npoh3beaehi«, ojihobpemehho coxpa- HHB CBOIO OTHOCHTWIbHyiO CaMOCTOHTWIbHOCIb. Bun. ahamcttbtum neiepachbo. He aro nonumaer aaucb. He Hano aaaojurrb apxma, Han pykotmcrmm rpactaci.. U en b TBop^ecTBa camootaa'ta, A H e luym H xa, H e y c n e x. rto a o p H o, HHHero He 3 H a w t Bun. n p ir r ie f l H a y c r a x y s c e x. Ho Hano a i m Gea cam03bahctba. T a n * H n., htogu a KOHue k o h u o b nph B nek b k ceg e jiio Go b i. u p o c T p a H c rsa, y«h biiuat b C y fly w e ro s o b. H aaflo octabjwn. npoflwiw B cynbge, a He cpe/ut GyMar, Mecra h rnasbi jk h sh h uenofl OiMepKHBaa Ha dojibx. H OKyHtTbCH B HeH3BeCTHOCTI>, H nphtitb b HeS c b o h utant, KaK npnerca a iymaue MecTHOcrt, Koma b Hell He BKfUTbHH am. Hpyrae no xhbomy cneay IIpottnyT tbor a y n aa ihpuo naob, Ho n o p a w e H M o t n o Genu Tu cam He nonxteh OTmmaTb. H nonnceh h h e m o to fl n o n tk o B He O T C T y n a n ea or joma. Ho Gun. BCHBUM, XdUUM H TOflUCO. BCh BUM H TOJlbKO - n o KOHIta. no4tk Kaxcnan CTpo< >a co n ep x n r crporh e aim eck He nphhuhnu. O h h BbipaxceHbt cnobamh nado, KOTopoe nobtopaerca b CTpo^ax nepboii, ip etb ed, nei- BepTofi, iw rofl (3JimmTHvecKn) h d o jtx e u - b mectofl h cenbmod. Tonuco bo BTOpofi ex p o se, OpraHHHeCKH CBjnaHHOH CO BC6MH flpythmh, HeT 3THX MOnaJIb- *Crenan<M r s. HecKonuco aameniamitt o cneuubhke xyffowectbeanoro TeKcia. B cg. H aywue T p y n u MTIIHHft, aun. 103,1976, c

131 h m x, nob ftih TenbH M x c jio b. 3 x a cxpocjw npencxab JU ier c o6o h OBe camoci<>«. xejibhbie cem eh U H H, onocpenob ah H O coaet aioiiutech c o6m e «c o fle p w a T c m iio - KOHUenxyaJiiHOH HH<t>opMauHeH, HHxerpHpoBaHHOfl b nocjieflh eii e x p o s e, b k o - x o p o ii cb o e o 6 p a 3 H o e ynoxpes n eh H e n p n u a e x a io B y nuyo cn eay io m H e jh aae- h h h : aocxoh H C TB o, c o sect b, M opajibh ab fieaynpcih O CTb h jqaxte a o jir^ ie jio B e K a h n o a x a ). B KOHuenxyanbHoii JoiiJjopMauHH osxenhhehbi OTflenbHbie conetahitx c jio b, Bbipaxcaiouuic nom m w oxphuaxejibho-ouehovhoro npponka; la e o d u n apxusb), 6b)Tb n p u n eu ha ycrax y ecex a rohbthx nojiowniejibiio-ouehaqhoro xapaktepa: npuenenb mogoeb npocrpmcrea, ycabnuan 6ydyw ezo 30a, ocrna- A j t n npooejibi h op. 3 t o h C K H noahkhehbi m m cjik, Bbipawetutbte b o scex npeflblflymhx Crpo4>aX CHHTaKTKKO-KOMIlO3HllH0fl]]l>lMH CpeaCTBaMH: HO ( b TpeTbeii), u ( b qeibepxoii, im to h, ceobmoii). C M bicnob ax ue/ibhoctb c t h x o t b o p c h h h cnaraet C x H3 oxaejibh bix <{»pa3 BHyxpH CTpo< >: a c e npeaao w eh H B TeM anw eck H CBxaaHM M bicjibio - Sbixb ca- N1 HM C060H a o KOHIta. ripn ah an n 3 e n y x e it HHxerpauHH a a w iio HM erb b BHfly, q x o osbeflhhhem bie n a c th u e n o r o He o5h3axem>ho n o n ik H fn o x ca o a u a n p y r o ii k b c c o h h B M ecte - o a h o h, H ans ojtee BawHOii. C m ia H H x erp am w 3aK Jnoqaexca B to m, m to o n a pac K ptib aet B3a H M O osycjiobjieim ocxb qact eii, H H oraa cxabh h x b n o /io w eh n e pabhoshauhblx HJIH CJIH3KKX no BbipaWeHHbIM B HHX 3THH0CKHM RpHHUHIiaM H H H XyaOJKeCTBeHHO-JCTeiHqeCKOH ijjyhkuhh. 3 l O OCOSeHHO OTHCTJIHBO HaSjHOfla e rc fl b ahajih3 HpyeMOM ctkxotbopeh h h, r a e K a w n a a xact bc T po^ia cam onob - jiefo iu a. 4 io 6 b i He a o n y c ih T b H ek O io p o ro y n p o iu e H ie c x B a, BepoHTHO H em S ew - H o ro nph pa3jioxcehhk xyflow ect B eh H oro npoh3b efleh nx, c n e n y e x npenoct a- BHTb MHTarenio BoaMOWHOCTb cam OMy ybhsetb, KaK K axcaax cipo<j>a c o o t h o - c h t c h c n p y r o ii h B ee o h h - c nejibim n p o n 3BCfleHneM. TaaBHOe b n p o u e c c e H m e r p a u m i uehipocxpem HxeJibHOCTb qacxeif xek cxa. U eh xpom H B JiaetcH conepw atejibh O -K O H uenxyajibh ax HH<J>opMauHH, la c ih 'i- h o c o a e p w a m a x c B b o x n e n b H u x o x p e3 K ax xek cxa. B j t o m c t h x o t BopeHHH B. ria c ie p H a K a o n a b o c h o b h o m aakjitoqeha b n o c jie a n e if e x p o s e, h o u o n r o - TOBJieHa coaepw ah H em K aw ao ft H3 npeam ecxb yioiuh X. Koraa co an at ejib xek cxa Mbic/iMx ascxpak ih bim H KaxeropHHM H, n o a ic p e n - jihh h x 3 M n H p H x e c K H M H f l a H H b i M H, c o a e p w a x e j i b H o - K O H u e n T y a J i b H a f l H H t f r o p M a - k h h nocxeneh H O ck popm aneich b HHTerpnpOBaHHbix B bib oaax rhnoxerhheckor o h a h KOHKpexHOro x a p a K re p a. K o r n a o h m m c j i h t o 6paaaM H, Boim om ehhbi- m h b paah bix $ o p M a x 3 c re n «c o -x y n o w e e rb e H rto ro Hao&paweHH/i ( J w k t o b M HBJieHHH aefictbhtejibhocth, c o a e p waiejibho-koh u e n x y a J i b H a n HHifiopM amui JiHiub y ra a w B a e x c a, n p e n n o n a r a e x c a, cm yih O, a H H oraa H npotmbopen h b o TOJIKyeTCH, B a B y x nph B eaeuh bix Bbtuie x e K c ra x - H ay m o M h xyaow ecib eh H O M j t o cym ecxb eh H oe p a a /im n e B BbinBJieHHH coaepwaxejibho-kohueirryanbhoh h h - 4>0pMauHH (C K H ) nocxaxonh O aexk o npencrab JieH O. T lp o u ecc HHxerpauHH cipemhtch k 3 ab ep m eh H», k pe3yjibtaty 3 T o ro n p o u e c c a, a p e 3 y jib ta r HHxerpa- UHH osblmho CKOHUfiHTpHpOBaH B C K H. B H ayxh bix h n e n o B b ix T ek C iax npouecc H H ierpauh H h e r o p e3yjibtax o 6b iih o 3apaH ee 3an p o rp am M n p o B ah b i, b jih xepatyph O -xyaow ectbeh H bix pc 3yjibiaT h h T e rp u p o B a n h h m o w ex S m tb H enpenck aayem n a w e n a n cam O ro a B T o p a. 128

132 Bojmowho, m to 3t o n p o o B JieH H e 6 e c c o 3 H a T U ib H o ro, K o r o p o e, K ak n o / i a r a t o t H e K o io p b ie n c H x o n o r H, jiocratom HO s k i m b h o b x y n o x c e c t b c b h o m T B o p - qectbe*. B 3 to m OTHOiueHHH HHTepecHa Mbic/ib, BUdcaaaHttaH E. <bajibkom: JIh* repatypmoe npon3be,aehhe tbopmcckhm axr, h noaromy ero ue/ibhocrb pe3yjn»tat k o m h o 3 M iih o h h o h h u t c h u h h, nphmchehra c t h j i h c t h m c c k h x npnem o b h cxem, nocpeqctbom KOtopux m s c th cuennmoicji m oprahhaynicft. noj»6 HO HBneHMBM 3 KCTBHTeJlbHOCTH 3TO OlpaBenFIHBO BHe aabhchm o c t h o t ctenehb coamiejibhoc c KOTopofi am h h t c h u h h peanuay- e T c a 1. CaM npouecc m nerpam th npefltionaraer orsop tactefl rekcta Han6 ojiee cymectbehhbix fl/w coflep)icatejibho*kohflenryajibhoh Pa3y- MeeTCB, MTO B pemetbopmeckom akte, KOTOpWH HallieJt CBOe BbipajKCHHe B TeKcre, MOacer nohbhtbca H 36w tom hocti> HH$opManHH h jih ace HppeneBaHT* Hue k ochobhomy coaepacahmo o tp m b k h. M o jk h o c ybepenhoctbio CKaaaTb, m to Macro Barmin MHiaTeiu h c 3anepacHBaeTCH Ha nonoghux oipeak ax rek cra, MHiyHTHBHO MyBCTByjX HppeneBaHTHOCTk HJIH HecyifleCTBeHHOCft. PaaJIHMHUe 4>aKTopw, a h m c h h o ' cmibhbie h cna6bie cemamthmeckhe cb h 3 H Meatfly orpe3 KaMH rekcta, npecynnoaminta, nohbjiawmaach B c b «3 h c o s h s h h c m npeg- Mera HadJitoaeHKH, pacnpenejifthhe c m u c h o b u x aknehtob Meatfly OTflejibHMMu MaCTHMH BblCKa3UBaHHH3, CflOCOGcTByiOT BblHBJieHHIO TOTO, MTO noflfleacht HBTerpaoiHH h m to <J>aKrwiecKH HHTerpHpyeTCH. J lp H M em aren b H o to, mto c a b ia H H r e r p a iu w, B T a rh B a n b cboio o p S i r r y a a a t e H p p e jie s a H T H u e MacTH, c n o c o S c T B y e r kx n e p e o c M u c n e H H io ft B K O H ue kokkob CiaHOBHTCfl HeMWCJlHMOli 6 e 3 3THX M aciefi. Ilpoitecc HHrerpauHH xynoacectbehhoro npohaseflehhh npoxoflnr phfl eraahh, Koropwe oimcahbt abiopom 3thx c ip o K b npyrnx pa5orax4. H n r e r p a i y o t m tie p a T y p H O ro n p o it3 B eneh H H n p e a n o n a r a e T H eoflh O K pat H oe npom xehhe a r o r o npoh 3B efleh H B, n p t v t e s t a i o n p om reh H e x a a u i u H p a a n p o T e K a - et n o n flp y rh M y r n o M 3 p e u H B. B n p o u e n y p a x, o 6 ecn em H B aio m H x H H T e rp a tu n o x e K c ia, o c o 6 o e BHHMaHHe S b in o y n e n e n o B aam M O O TH oiueh foo n e p B o r o B nem at- jiehhh uenoct H O CTH n p o H ab eneh K H, n o n y M a e M o ro o t o x s a r a c o fle p a c a H w t b tte n o M h n o c n e a e t a J ib H o r o a n a j m a a chctcmm cthjihcthmsckhx npstem O B h CeMaHTHKH OTflenbHM X M acieh, CHHTe3HpOBaHHH BCex 3JIeM ehtob, B T ofl HJIH hhoh CTeneKH flo n o n a ju o u th X c o fle p a c a u H e npok 3B efleh H H. 1 C m : Beccttn 0.B., I J p a m u tu e u/ U i A.C., U fe p os u x A.E. O n p o H B n e H H H arcthbkocth GeecoatcaTeniHoro b xynoacectbehhom TBoptecTBe. Bonpocti rpnn<xo<}>hh, 1978, N 5 2. Falk Eugene H. Stylistic Forces in the Narrative. - In: Patterns of Literary Style. The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971, p Cm. : B o A b $ E M. r p a M M * T H K «n cemarrmrca nphjiararenbhoro. M., 1978, c. 157, r a e 3TH ^ W K T o p b i o n p e o e n n y r, d o m u c h hjq aniopa, 06a 3aTeJtmocn>/4>aKyJikTaTHBHOcn, nprrjiaratenbhoro * K o r o p w e a even b o s m o j k h m m SK c rp a no n r r p O B a T b b o G n a c r a m e Terpamna rettcra. * r o A b n e p u n HJ". O n p H w u rn s x cem aw rh veck oi o aiiamraa c th jih c th v e c K H M apk HpoBaHh u x o rp esk O B te K c r a. - B k b.: riphhuhnu h M e r o a u c e a ta rrn c ie c K K x HccneAOBartHfi. M., ; O u M e. 0 6 a r ta n n r c x j w k * h c t h j u m c s n e n a. - B k h.: H ^ u k h c t k jjj, m tc t- T e r u B JH treparypik V K p(m tveck O M ah a n K ie x y ao x tecrrb eh H o ro n p o H 3 B e a» H a. K h iu h - H e s, ; O n m e. S ty lis tic s. M

133 HirrerpaitHfl mookct Gun, BocnpMHflTa nmiib nph ahaahtmeckom nouxcue k npon38eaehhjo, T.e. nph paanoxcehhh nepboro uenocthoro Bocnpornw. Ho oncyaa noaarwerch sto nepboe BneqarneHHe ucjiocthocth npoidbeflehhh? npennonaraerch, <ito b cneayioluhx npyr 3a npyrom orpeskax TeKcra cymectbyer HeKoropan cmucnobaa hhtb, KOTopaa coauaer AHKeHHktH xapak* Tep BocnpKRTHH coosuiehkh. 3ia HJm> Moxcer HHOraa nphbectff k nepemeute* hhk> <J>OKyca coogiikhhji or ochobhos tcmu k nofkwhoh. OuHaxo «a nocoqhaa tomb Bee *e onocpenobahho CBaaaHa c ochobhoh accoiuiatkbhbimh h kohho- TaTHBHMMH othouiehhamh, Koropbie, KaK y*e y Ka3biBa^ocb, He Bcerna jktko npocjiefthtb k BUHBHTb. Moxcho cka3arh, vto Me*ay yoajtehhumh flpyr ot flpyra orpeakamh icxcra noabjraexca cmbicnobax cooihecehhoctb, Koropaa tcm onpenenehhee KpHcmrunuyeTCH, qem Gniixce jth orpeskh pacnonoscehm h qem aamemee b hhx (JwpMaJibiio-rpaMMaTHHecKHe h nekchko-cembhth'teckhe CBH3H. Ilpoitecc HHrerpaiQiH ocjioxchch rakxce h xapaktephnm pflx JnrreparypHOxyAOxcecTBeHHoro npoh3beflemw pashoospaaraim no (Jn>pMaM qjieueiniem tck* era1. 06beMHo-nparMaTHMecKOe h KOHTeKCTHOBapHaTKBHOe qitehehhe TopMo* a hi npouecc HHTerpauKH, npouecc BocnpHflTHS uenocthocth TeKCTa, rax kbk npu nepekjhoiehhh or omroro cnococa KOMMynKKauHH k HpyroMy He Bcerfla coqjnoflaeicfl jiormeckaa nocneaobatenbhocib, ho laxoe nepekjnoqeime HerafJextHO, tb k kbk Hama cnoco&ioctb k BOcnpHHimo HH$opMai(HH nocre* nehho nohbkaeica, ecim <t»opma KWioxceHH* He noobepraerch MOaHtJjHKaiom. Hmro rax He yromnner KaK oahoospaaite h m ohotohhoctv Mbi nocienehho nphfrhdiuihcb k nohhmahno HHterpanHH KaK ckpmtoh KareropHH, KaieropHH, qyxcflaioiueiich onpeneneh hocth. Btuue yxce robopwiocb 0 paciuhptrrenbhom TOJncoBaHHK k o h h t h h rpammatiiqeckoh xarerophhj, KaieropHH TeKCTa nonyckaiot H3BecTHyjo crenehb pasm uiocih, h eonpeaenehh o c t h. TeM ne Menee nockojibky cam t c k c t npeactabiixer cofloft nekoe oprameobah- Hoe ejthhctbo, t o ectectbehho npehhonoxchtb, qro h ero KareropHH, HecMorpa Ha "pajmbiioctb, MoryT noflbepraxbca ynopnaoqehhocm HHierpamra on* Ha H3 (J>OpM t s k o h ynopahoqehhocxh. ynopafloqehhoctb - 3to to, n o oonentaex qhtarenio, niw KOToporo h coanaho npoh3beflehhe, npocjiejurrb, Kax nocrenehho peanhayetca npouecc hh- TerpauKH Texcra. M.B. XpameHKO mouer no aiobiy nobofly; B csoem mma* MHMeCKOM euhhctbe, B pa3ho06pa3hh H HeOflHOpOflHOCTH CBOerO COAepXCaHHX, cbohx <^yhktmh, xyjroacectbehhwe npohsbenehhh KaK b nepbohaqanbhom csoem 3aMbicne, ta x h b aabepuiehhom BHne ocpaiuehbi k "notpefiirrenio rthiepatypbi h HCKyccTBa 3. npoc/iejthm renepb, KaK BsaHMOCBaaaHbi h BaaHMOoGycJioBHema Katero- Phh HHierpaiiHH h aasepixjehhocth. BocnpHHHMaeMan HaMH "Kapraua MHpa" HaXOHHTCH B IIOCTOHHHOM UBHXC6HHH H H3MeHeHHH. OAHaKO KaXCflMH OTAeJIb- Hblft OTp630K 3TOTO ABHXCCHHB MO*eT SblTb BOCHpHHHT flhckpetho. RlW 3TOTO TpeSyerca octahobka npouecca. noiiyqaerca hckhh c h h tu h momcht, koto* 1Cm, ni. UJ. 1 Cm. BBeoeiote h n t. I. 3 XpameHtco M.B. JlHTCp*iypan wojimiipobaime fleflctbmtwiwocrx. - B kh.; KetneKCT-73. M.p1974,c. 29. t30

134 pblh flbct BO3M0 JKHOCIb paccmotpctt O ipeso K UBH)K HHH BO BC«X CTO XapMCTCp- Hbixoco6eHHOCT)ix,ero4)opMax,CBfl3>ix,HanpaBJieHMoc ero c o c i» b j» k u o ( x. T e K d, 6 y A y m penerboph eck K M s k t o m, (f>hkchpobahknm oipe3k O M k o m - MyHMKaiHBHoro n p o u e c c a, n p e n c ia B J ia e r co6 o h c B o e ro p o n a ch *rbih m o - M eh i 3TO ro n p o u e c c a. B TeKCTe B O cnpoh jb onurch ra l a c r t o 6 iu e fi "K ap T H u u M tipa, K o ro p a fl n o n a n a e r b n o n e a p e m w HCCJienoB arejw ( n n c a ie jw, y n e H o ro, nygnhuhcta) b nahhwm K o n icp eih w ft m o m c h t e r o b o c iip h h t h h. Pa3pem y cede nobtopmb, <tto MHe npeacrabjiaerch ouihsohhmm MHenHe HeKOTOpbIX ynehmx O TOM, HTO TeiCCT HC HMeCT rpahhu- B CBO«M "npabhrbho o<t>hpmjiehhom Bune tekct HMeeT nanajio k KOHeu. T ekcx 6 e3 Havana k KOHita M oxer cytuectboban. JtHuib KaK oikjiohenhe o t THiioJiorHHecKH yctahobnenhoto o6 paaua rek cra. C o a u a re n b l e n c x a n p e w n e B c e ro c tb b h t n e p e n co6 oh s a n a t y n o B enao > h h- T arem o, o 6iacH H T b c o c b o h x no3hhhfi, b M e p y C B oero noh K M ah ua, b c bo h x UeJWX TO HBiieHHC OSbCKTHBHOH flekctbhtejibhocth, B CyiUHOCTb KOTOpOTO OH ctpemhtca npoh H K H yrb. Ilo3H ah ne K ak oro-to HBJieHHH H p o ie K a e r CJIOJKHO, npepbibh CTo, OTBJieKancb o t o c h o b h o h u c h h h b h o b b B o a B p am ax cb k Hefi, o 6 o ra m a n c b o t p n b o h h m m h BJie'tameHHHMH h cyxcflenhjimh, h o b k c h o m n p e - c n e a y a o jm y, och O B H y», nocxab JitH H yio p sm ee s a n a n y. H o nph k s k h x y c n o - b m x moxcho cth Taii) a r y 3 a n a u y B binojm eh H oft? >1to m ohcho c u r r a n. aab ep- uiehhoctbio rek cra? H n o n a ra to, h t o t c k c t m obcho CHHraTb aabepm ehhbim T O rna, K O rna c t o h k h apeohh abtopa e r o 3aM biceji n o jiy n iu i H cnepnbib aioiuee BbipaaceHHe. H h u m h CJioBaMH, aabepmehhoctb TeKCTa (JiyHKiOM 3aM bicna, n o jio * e H H O ro b o c h o - By npohsbcnehhh h p a 3 B e p n > ib a «n o ro b p a n e coofim eh H H, onhcahhfi, pasm bim - nehhh, nobectbobahhh h n p y r n x $ o p M KOM M yrnncathbhoro n p o u e c c a. K o rfla, n o M H eitino a B io p a, acenaem bift p e a y n b ia i flocth TH yr c sm h m H octynarejibh bim UBHaceHHeM TeMM, e e paabeptubahikm t c k c t a a sep in e H. KaK bhhho H3 HsnoaceHHOro, nohhthe 3a»epmeHHOcTH nphuoachmo Jitiuib k u en o M y xekcty, a He k e r o nacth, k b k 3 to n p e n c ra B Jia e T c a h c k o io p m m hc* cjieflobarejw M rpam M aihkh TeKCTa. TaKHM o 6 p aao M, 3aBepuieHHOcn> KaK K at ero p m i npabhjibho o<j>opmjiehho- r o re K c ra M Oacei n o K a3atbcn HHTaxejuo, He p a a ra u a B iu e M y aam H cjia a B io p a, H epea/ih 3 0 BaHH0 ft. K a n <tacto m oxcho CHbiuiaTb o t HeHCKyuieHHbix HjrraTeJiefi x tan o S b i Ha t o, h t o x y ao w ect B e H h o e npoh3 BeueH fie oct ab Jisex e r o b HeeeueHHH o th o c h te rtb H O fla/ibh etiuieii cy n b S b i re p o e B h jih uejih, noctabjiehhoii n e p e n C0 6 0 H BBTOpOM, HHblMH CJIOBaMH, OTHOC HTejIbHO COflep*aTejIbHO-KOHUemyaJIb- HOH HH4 >OpMaHHH. HeOfixOflHMO OrOBOpHTbCH, HTO B HeKOTOpbIX CJiyHaHX 3B- T op coaaaxejibh O octabjinet n p o 6 n em y H epeuieh H oii. flb ilh ercs h h t c k c t b rakom c jiy n a e Hea abeptuehhbim? fly M a io, h t o H er. T c k c t 3a B e p u ie» h m c h h o TeM, h t o n o ctab n eh H an n p o S n em a npencrabju ietcfl a B to p y He tm p e B m e f t w * onh osnah H oro peuieh H H. H h h ace o h He CHHraeT h jo k h m m c o o 6 m ax b B b iso n, peuieh H e, OKOHHaTenbHOe cyxcneh He, CHHraa, h t o conepxcaiejibh O -^ak T yanbh afl HH( >OpMaUHfl HJIH JKe HOflTeKCT, HMIUIHKaUHH H npecyntt 0 3 HHHH noflckaacyt HHTarejiw H eosxonh M O e h jih BOSMOJKHoe peiueh H e, a cam abtop KaK 6b i ro jib - k o noflxajnch BaeT e r o. IIoK asatejibh O b 3to m OTHOnieHHH cnixot B opeh H e riynik H H a HeHacTHbifi neh b n o i y x. 131

135 H e n a c T H U f la e H b n o iy x ; HenacTHOIt h o w m t j h f lo nec y C T ejierc* o n e a n o io cb h h q o b o R ; K» k np«b H ach H e, 3* p o m e io c o c h o b o R; JlyHa TyMaHHa* eaoum a... B ee M pm H yn T o c x y a a n y u iy m ho HasooHT. fla n e K o, tb m, n y m. b o u h ih k b o c x o o h t; T»m B o s fty x K anoeh B elep H efl T tw io to R ; T * m M o p e ju m K e ro i poctcotim oa neneaom non ronyfiumh K co ecam H... B o r BpeM x: n o r o p e rertep b ir a e r o a a K CperaM, notoiuiemhum inymauhmh Bonmisnt; Taw, n o d M B en ih M H c m j m m k, T enepboiia c h a h t neaanuia h onh a.. Oana... hhkio npes nett hc onaaer. He Tocicyer; H h k t o ee k o a c h a aaeseitbe He itenyer; O jw a... HmbHM y cn M «n n e npenaer Hh nnei, hh bjiukhux yet, hh aepcer taiochewhbot. Hhkto ee nio6ek hcccchor He aoctohh. He npasju nb: tu oah*... m nnawetiib... a cdokoch; Ho ecnu... Bpan jih hjokho nohchhtb, m o flojdkho cneqobhtb 3a 3thm mo eatu... flob- Top c/ioba odna, comhehne, BbipaaceHHOe hc npattna Jib h HMiunuutiHbiM n cnokoeu, a taioice rjiygiwa 3HaieHHH OTpHUaTeJibHbix npefljioacehhh, jtath- HaiomHXCH CJIOBaMH HUKTO H HUMbUM BCt 3TO C flociatokhoh np03pa«f0- ctbio pjrcyer coctojoote noata, rockyiowero no B03Jno6neHHOfi h ocypebae- MOrO COMHeHHHMH B ee BepUOCTH. B03M0JKH0 B 3TOM ho eat 11,. CKpblra yrp03a hjih MyMHieJibitoe tioaoapenne. 3 to omcbhaho ocraetca ewe HeacHbiM k jyia camoro nosta, ho tc k c t crtixotbopehiui tta-aa aroro He Moxcer chh- TaTbcs He3aBepiueHHbiM. Couoijocb ew e Ha oahh nphmep. B pacckaae OTeHpa, oaaraabjieuhom "flya/tb, H3o6 paacehbi flba repoa, K oropue npaexajih b Htio-flopK c HaMepe- HHeM no6 ejuttb s to t ropoa. Oqhh H3 hhx xyaoukhhk, npyroft 6 H3Hec- Men. tjepea le n jp e rooa ohm BCipenuiHcb, EuaHeCMeH npeycneji b cbokx flejiax, xyaowhkk He nph3hah h GeflcrByer, ho rem He MeHee He b coctojihhh cspochtb c ce6 x Mapu Gojibmoro, uiymhoro, ocjiemrrejibhoro, MaHAwero ropona. Bonpoc k to hs hhx no6 eniui Hwo-ftopK, nociabjiehhbift b TeKtrre pacckaaa, nhcarejtb ocrabjwet Sea orbera, npeaocrabjuui mnatewo camomy HaiiTH oibet. CnpawHBaercn, m o*ho jih CKaaaib, w o s to t paccicaa-iekct He 33BepuieH? KaK ykaaubanocb Bbiuie, 3aBepmeHHe 3aecb b npejwamepeh* hoh HesaBepmeHHOCTH. Her m nero napaaokcajtbhoro b rakom yrbepacaehbh. B ickctax paahoro rnna h b ocogchhocth b xynoxcectbehhbix, a HHoroa h b HayxHbix cama nocrahobka hoboh npogjiembi Tcnxe ecn. cboero pona sabepuiehhe. 3iooco6eHHOOxeBHRHO, Korna camo Ha3BaHHe npencrabjiher cogoft Bonpoc, K3K HanpHMep; ^ to ne/iatb? hjih K ro BHHOBar? h r.fl. MroGbt yxow H Tb nohhthe aaaepwehhocth, KaK MHe npeactabjixercji, HywHo e r o o rp a tn n irtb KaKHMH-ro nphshakamh, og w hm h ju ih Bcex tc k c io b. Hjih a ro ro HeoCxoftHMo noctpohtbhekyiohaeajibhyiomoawjbtekcra.nonyckakiwyiobapha- THBHOCTb, KOTOpaH peajth3yeich B paa/ihhhblx 4>yHKUHOHanbHWX CTHJIHX H3bIKa. 132

136 OflHHM H3 xakkx nph3hak0b n othxaio conprdtcekhoctb h o h x th m aabepiueii- HOCTH H HWBaHHH. floflabjixlomee SojfbUlHHCTBO TCKCTOB pa3kbix BHROB, xcatipob, t h u o b HMeet HaaBaime, K oiopoe t o b h ch o m, KOHKpeTHOfi tfiopme, TO B aabyabhpobbmhoh, KMIUIHUHTIIOM BbtpaXCaeT OCIIOBHOH 3aMbK.cn, MflCfO, KOHitenr co3aarenjt te x c ta. U c k jh o h c h h c cociabjwio? t c k c t h jh n h m x h h c c m, MeMyapoB k KeKOropbie RpyrKC. Ho h b h h x HMWiwimHO nph cytcrayer oghh o6 ih h h aaronobok, k o t o p u h ycnobho m oxcho BbipaiHTb c jio b s m h B or t t o npohsomno 3a h c tb k u ih h nephog BpeMCHH (co m h o h, c h b m h, c o6 u i c c t b o m ). M oxcho 6e s n p ey B en m eh H n c K a a a n,, i t o HaaBaHHe h m c c tc h b c o 3H3HHm K axcfloro, 6e p y m e ro c x 3a n e p o. Ha3B3HHe j t o KOM npecchpobahhoe, H epac- K p b u o e cogepxcah H e t e n c t a. H a3b anh e CBoeo6pa3HO c o x et aer b c c 5 e gb e (pykkohh - 4>yHKUHIO HOMHH3HHH (SKCIUIHUHTHO) H <t>yhkuh10 IlpegHKaUHH (h m h jih iu ith o ). H aasah H e m oxcho M eiacj>opineck H K 3o6pa3H Tb B b h u c 3;ucpym chhoh npyxchhbi, pack pkib atouiea c b o h b o s m o x c h o c th b n p o u e c c e pasb ept bi- BaHKfl. YmCCTHO 3flecb nphbccth HeKOTOpwe Bb)CK33M B3H HX KJtaCCHKOB JIH- T epaxypbi h yueh bix. H e x o s HHcan, h t o b c b c y ib... b HasBaHHH k h h t h, a C J 1. KpxcHxcaHOBCKHii c tirra e T, i t o 3 arn ab H e - B egycgee KHwry cn o B o co 'terah H e, B bm ab aem oe a B to - pom 3a rnabhoe jc h h th. JI.H. T o jic to h r p e 6o B a n, m tosm Ha3BaHHe b n t c k b h o H3 cogepxcah K x p a c - CKa3a. J l.c B m to tc k h h B k h h t b rich x o n o rh H HCKyccTBa m o u e r : ",..H a3ba- H H enaet C H pacck aay.k O H C T H O.H eaph.o H O H C cet B ceflepatk pw rh c camos Baxch o h TeMbi, o h o H am ettaei r y r o m m a n i y, K o to p a a o n p e g e jw e t c o 6o if b c c n o - CTpocHHe pacck a3 a. 3 t o b o h h th c, BBegeHHoe b 3 c ie r n K y X ph ctttah ceh om, 0Ka3biBaCTCfl rn y S o K O nnogotboph U M, h 6e a H e ro peuih re/tbh O H ejib3n o 6o x - THCb nph akaj)h3e KaKOH-Httfiygb B enin 1. H ek O io p b ie y x e H u c, nph BepxceH gw nopoxcg aw u ieh cemahthkh, KaK HanpH- M ep A p e c c n e p, cih TaioT, <it o rnyo H H uax c ip y K T y p a re K c r a BbiBBjixeiCft b o t- HoiueHHH, cyiuectbyioiiiem M excgy Ha3B3HneM h o cho bh u m K opnycom T ek cra2. 3 th OTHOmeHHH BecbMa pa3hoo6pa3hbt. B sekotopbix np0h3begehhhx 3aronoBOK iitiuib Ha3biBaer npo6nem y, pemehhe KOTopofi g aeicx b rek cre. B g p y rn x Ha3BaHHe KaK 6bi tc3hc camoro Kopnyca tekcxa. B h k m x nponabeaehhbx OHO HaCTOJIbKO TJiyCoKO 3a K OgHpOBaHO, 4TO e ro flekoohpobahhe B03- moxcho jojibko no HpoMteHHH sc e ro npok3begehitx. T ax, naasahhe pomana CoMepceta MoaMa T h e P ainted V eil (PacKpaiueHHaa sabeca) moxcho geko- AHpoBarb num b 3Hax Cohct n.e. liiejifm: " L if t n o t th e p a in te d veil w hich th o se w ho live call L ife..." (He noghhmaii packpaiuehhyio 3aBecy, KOtopyw JiioHH Ha3MBawi HCtOHb...) TaK xce tpygh o nohxib cm m ch naabahhx pomana BoHHeryta Bobhh homcp irm i hhh KpectOBbifi n o x o a flerefi, e a n t He 3HaTb noflpo6hocich OowSapflHpoBKH Hpe3fleHa amephkahckoft abttaiweii bo Biopofi MHpOBOH BOHHC. H e o 6xoaH M 0 HH<fKt>epeHUHpoBatb p o iib HasBaHMa b M O R enax p a a n m H b ix t c k c t o b : H a y n u o ro, g e n o B o ro, n y 5 n h U H c rm e c k o to h xygoxcect B eh H oro. B Ha- yth bix tek C ta x H aab anne B bipaxcaet, KaK 6b in o ykaaaho B biuie, ochobhoe 1 Btaeorcxuu Jl.C. nchxonont* MCKyccrea. M. 1968, c *Cm.: Hendricks W O. Essays on Semioltngimtics and Verbal Art. Hague, 197J, p

137 conepxcamie, noniac packpbibax ero KOHuenryanbHyio cyiunoctb, a HHoroa jnwib yka3biba«ha npeamet mwcjtm. H b tom h b apyrom CJiy'ueHaaBaime h coflepacamje TeKCia conpaxcehti c ochobhoh tcmoh npom3benehha. BxyAoxcecTBeHHOMieKcre KasBaHHe nacto JiHiub onocpenobthho CBS39HO c coflep^aienbho-kohuentyajik- Hoft RH^KtpMaiuieu. HHoraa cmmcji HaSBamw 3aByanMpoBaH Men$opmecKH HAH MeTORHMmeCKH. noaieohhh THU Ha3BaHHfl nphhhmact <J»pMy OAHOTO H3 npeanoxcehhm ttmi BbicKa3biBaHHH, mm ajobocoheramix, Bcrpeqawmerocx b TeKCTe h oho, tbkhm o6pa30m, crahobhtca KaK 6bi npeuctabhtbjiem Bcero TeKCTa. Moncho KJiaccHtJmAHpOBaTb HaaBaHHfl no 4>opMe, cofltpxameiich b HeM CKH mm COM, HanpHMep: 1} HasBaime chmboji, 2) HaaBaHiie reanc, 3) HaaBaHHe-nmaTa, 4) Ha3B3HHe coofimehhe, 5) HaaBaHHe HaMeK, 6) Ha- 3BaHHC-noBecTBOBaHHe (cm. KaSBaHH* rnab b anrnndckmx pomahax XVIII b.), H o k s k o b o 6 bi h h G m jio HasBaHHC, o h o oenaoaer cnocoonoctbfo, oonee Toro, c h jio h orpanhmhbatb TeKCT h HaAenaib ero 3aBepmeHHOCTbio. 3 t o ero Beaymee c b o h c t b o. O h o He to jib k o HBJweTCJi chrnanom, HanpaBJixtoiilHM b h h - Manne qjfraraih na npocnektkbhoe H3JioxeHne m h c jih, h o h ciabin pamkh TaKOMy HBJioxceHHio. TeKCT orpamneh b o BpeMCHH h npocrpahctbe. Kane CKa* 38HO BHanane, o h npepctabjmer co6ofl c h h tm h MOMem h b aioft c h h t o c t k b b j u c t c b aabeptuehhbim. C h x t o c t b x e npcflonpeflefleha HOMHHatmeS (HaH- MeHOBaHHeM) MOMeura HaseaHHeM. HasBamte pomaha Toncioro A h h 3 Kapemma He HMeei HHTpOAy k th b h o A h o m m m iw i (H il. ApynoHOBa, 1977), anecb KOMHHaunH flpyroro pona. Ee m o x h o Ha3Ban> coaepxcarenbho-kohhenryajibhoft HOMHHaUHefi, nocieonbicy A h h b kapehima o t o o6 pa3. B HeM no- TeHOHaJIbHO COflepjKHTCH HH^VOpMaQHH O BCH3HCHKMX K0JUIH3HHX TepOHHH, o ee lybctbax, m m c jw x, nepexthbahhhx. AHHa KapeHHHa, KaK 3 t o onpene* jib io t nureparypobeabi, "otkpwrbift pomah. TparHMecKHH KOHen paccmatpn- Baercd KaK nponojdtcehhe h h c h, BiKMcejtHoii T o u c tw m b 3 to npoh3ben«hne. Oco6eHHO Bbinyiejio coaepokatenufo-kohhenryanbhax HH^opMaitwt npo- BBJiaeTca b tskhx HaaBaHHSX xyflcotcectbehhmx rrpoh3benehhh, KaK "BocKpeceHHe JI.H. Toncroro, "HaKaHyHe H.C. TypreHeBa, KaK aakanxnacb crane H.A. OcrpoBCKOro h t.h* HonoGHMe Ha3BaHHH npeactabjwiot cofioft aakojmpobahhyn conepxcatenbho-kohqeinyanbhyio HHtJjopMaujoo. B HaaaaHHH pac- CKa3a tfexc*a "Mto tatqe Bcero BCTpemercff b pom3hax, nobecrnx h r.n., nphbeaehhoro nojihocrbio Ha cip, 38 39, kmiuihuhtho conepxthtch nporect abtopa npothb 6aHaJibHOro, noiu/ioro, ahnoctermeckoro. TaKHM ogpaaom, HaasaHHe (aaronobok) aro HMiutHtomiaH MaKCHManeho cxtaian CKH, npmem, KaK see cxearoe, oha crpemhtca k paabeptbibbhino, pacnpbmjiehhio. HHrepeCHO rakbce otmeihtb cbaab Ha3BaHwa c KaTeropHHMM peipocnekuhk h npocnekuhh. HaaBamie HanpaBHHer BHHMamte MHTaxena k TOMy, hto Gyner H3JIOXCCHO. OttHaKO H3CTO B ITpOHCCCe qtchhfl IHTaieHb BHOBb ospamaetcfl K Ha3BaHino, CTapancb ynchhtb ce6e ero cmwcji h cooniecehhoctb c coaepxcahhem TCKCta. TaKHM o6pa30m, HaasaHHe, HBjnuicb no cboeh nphpone Bbipaxce* HHeM KateropHH npocnektthh, b to we BpeMH ognanaet cboftcrsamh peipocnekiuth. 3 ra ABOHCTBeHHaji nphpoaa HaasaHHx orpaxcaer to cbohctbo KaxtflOro BucKaauBaiiHH, xoropoe, oimpahcb Ha ibbecmoe, ycipemjieho b HeH3Becr- HOe. Hhumh cnobamh, Ha3BaHHe npeaciabjihet co6oh xbjiehhe TeMannecKHpeMaiHKecKoro xapakrepa.

138 B cbh3h c npodnemoh sabepmehhocth c to h t nphbecih HHTcpecHyio m ucjib AJia6epa Kimio. PaccMaxpHBaji poman KaK ocos uft wahp xyaowecxbehhofi jihtepatypbi, oh RHUter: PoxiaH tiphqaei w kshh (JjopMy, K oropoti b hch Her, coonabm jsm K Hyrue MHpu h aakomehrtae t h r u... m e cnoba k o h iu npoha- HeceHw 1. OneBKOHo aro nano nohhmaxb xbk: *H3Hb CecKOneqHa b cbocm ABHwchhh h paabepibibahhh, pomah KOHeqeH, *H3Hb KaK 6bi npekpamaexch. "CnoBa K otoa k paccmaxphbam KaK BMpawemie KOHuenxa asxopa. B n p o u e cc e paccm orpem ra KaxeropHft mrrerpaahh h aabepiuetw octh B03- HHKna ueosxouhmoctb p a a rp a n m m b jiohhthji aabepinehhocxk h k o h u o b k h. 3aBCpuieHHOcxb cxabhx npejqeai p a ab e p iu B aajn o TeKcxa, BbiBBJuaa e r o c o y ep - waxejibho-kohneirryaabhyw HHcJjopManmo, hmiuihukxho hjih 3KCIUihuktho COnepJKBUiyiDCK B H33BaHHH. KoHUOBKa 3X0 3aKJII0<O(TejIbKbiH 3IUG0A HJIH onhcahmc nocneahefi <J>a3bt pa3bepm B«HkH $a6yjn>i (ciow eta) npohsbepehiix. H kum h cjiobamh, KOHUOBKa 3X0 CBoeo6pa3Haa "xcik a'* xekcxa. TaKHM o6pa30m, nohjrrhe suepuiehhocxh othochxch k coaepwaxejitho- KOHiieniyajibHOH KH<)>opMaunn, a KOHUOBKa, HaoCopOT, othochxcb xojibko k corppwaxejimio-^iaktyajibhoh HHiJwpMaiiHH. B npekpacho nohkmaio, HacKOJibKO ycjiobho xakoe pa3rpahi«chhe, ootiako oho HeoSxonwMO, noxomy m o 3th eiohhxhji xekcra, KaK BnponeM h MHorne Apyme, HyxwaioTCJi b yromhewhh h b HeKOxopoii repmhhojiorioanhh o6 me- H3BeCTHblX CJIOB. * * * 3aKaOTHBaji KHHTy o Texcxe k» k o6 b e m e jihhtbhcthteckoro HccJienOBa- H iu h xoqy B03BpaiHibCB k TOMy, o nem inna penb BHanajie. rpammaihka - axo TepMm, Koxopwii Mower 6w ib nphmehen k o6 beiciy Ha6jiK>neHHH 6 onee KpynHOMy, nem npeajiowehhe. TeKCT - 3X0 A3HH0cxbt HMeiouiaB cboh, nphcyiuhe xo/ibko eii, napam dpu h KaxeropHH. M3 hhx h BbiaeJimi jihuh. Te,K o ropbie.nom oem ym hchhio,hbnpe- Aenax m ohx HaSjiiOAeHHH hbahioxch BenyuiHMK. H Bnojme AonycKaio mucjik o io m, m o ApyrOMy HcaieAOBarejno BUAeneH- Hbie anecb KaxeropHH Moryx noka3axbca BxopocxeneHHUMH hjih we snaiehhe, nphyabaemoe km, npeyberonekhmm h oh com er ApyxHe KaxeropHH onpene* junotmtmh cxaxyc xekcxa. {lojiemioca enje BnepeAH. 0 ah 3 k o h Hanewcb, m o moh pa6ora 6yneT BcxpeqeHa Ao6 powejiatejibhoh KpHiHKOH, Koxopaji romowex MHe ee yjiyqunrrb. A noka rekcx cboeft khhth h curraio aabepuiemtum, nockonbky c Moeii totkh 3pcHHn see H3Jiowemioe b hcm ttpeaonpeaeneho uaabahhem, h a wcnepnan aprymehxaamo b aaim ny BUABHHyxux nonowekim. 1 LUrr. no: C em eno«c. Mera<J)H3H K ane K y c c r a s A. K am i o. - B k h. : TeopBH, i u k o t iu, KOHuemiHH. XyjiowecrBeHHoe itponabeneutie h JiHtHocTb. M., 1975, c. 114.

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143 g OSOS U H S S. r u ~ Y B a ^aem w e whtatejin! Y B aw aem bie ast O p u! fcr sflsosvs t t ; ~ U I I S S! r i ^ K - i i H S S l n i ' ^ ~ U H S S m I' * IM I«I«II IWH^^ i nfcmi ^.... TlanuHa A, <P. T ckct: ero «hhhhom n miosaaufme KareropHH. OSOS OS 103 OSOS ;bb i g 1 r = i n H a m e H w ie jib C T B o c n e u n M H 3H pyexca Ha e u n y c K e HayHHoft h yue6h ott.m rrepat ypbi, b to m UHOie M OHorpaijHift. acyph anoa, T pyaob y u e H u x P o c c h A - c k o B akaqem iih HayK, HayHHo-HcgjienOBarejibCKHX m h c th tv to b h yres m JX aaaejieh H fi. M m n p em iarae M aftopam c b o h ycjiy rtf Ha b m to a h m x s k o h o m h - qeckhx ycjio B itax. f l p n tt o m mm SepeM Ha c e 6 a b c w pas crry n o ik u u o to b k c H jpah H a o t H ac opa, p e a a K rn p o a a H H a» b c p c tk h a o pa*hpobahhh h pacnpoctpah PH H a. URSS C p e i H BbimejiLUHX M r o r o M i U H X C a k M j a a H W O k h m t m m npenjiaraeu Ba»f cjieny}ouine: O d u H n o e B, B, Cthjihcthk* ickct*. M b m a p t n u u M. X, n p o & s e n u TCKCTOoCpwocsutHa h xyaraiecnehiiult ickct. H o s u k m JT.A. XyaoweereciuiM* tckct h ero atiuta. C tm z an u K r, X, C m m n c i m c i f a a crtmhcthaa. BejiwuKoe IO.A, JlenciPtecKaii cmnmcrtaui: npofaemu KjywHiM ocyhetma. J l o m m w K, A. IlMTapnperaMiii tckct* <<t>*»hujtcti»ili mux). Veiup y. u dp, Tetter; a c o c K r u tny'tch**. C e M a t mu c a. n p a r M ar w ca. noarwc*. B a p m P, S/Z. B*jiw*Koac*»i# tckct (onarr dpottchhh). AfccKajibtyK r. r. CipyKTypa tckct* k*k CHttepTCTHteciutfl npouecc. Ky3Heno8 B. r. X c i k i i c k m xim rw tct tm ecitm uikoju; o t C occiop* k +ynkuh 0iia-iHtMy. Ceptfg «^ e H 6 B C K a a jih h tb h cth h cc x aa micoaa* E < w i u III. jkhthk h ihmk. Hep. c <J>p, Cetue A. OtepK aonneckoh crpykrypm npenxoiketiiui. Ilep. c <J>p. Ce m e A, D po r p B M M * h m c t m m TeopeTtPKCKoft T H a n a c n n a. Mep. c (J>p. <J>peu A. I^faMMCTHK* (hdmsok. Hep. c 4>Ptypeii A. Cocciop npothb Cocctopa? Ctbtmi p a m u x m t. Hep. c 4>p. C e p H a «KjiaccH'teCKHfi yhiibepchtctckvifl yneshmk* K y m e n o t IT. C. IlcroptwecKaa ipammathk* pycckoro iuuk*. MoprftooonM. CMUtifea A. M. CrapocjiiMHCiofH B3MK. Kowpxceectcud A. V. VccEkhk xartwckoro aiuxa. CepHB «HpBMfl JtHHrBHCTHieCKHft yfe6h»k» KoGoieea H, M. JIimrBHcnrtecKM ccmbhthk*. E a p Q H O O A, H, B a e o c t m e nphkasuuiyto jiiwramcniky. n n y H t m t B. A. Of>**aji Mop^aioraa: Bbcachhc a npo&icmantky. CepHH «lllkojia KJiaCCH4CCKOfl <j>hj1qjiorhht H m p o e c K u u M. M. CeMacHPJionriccKHC nccjicaocamui a oftaacm a p ethhx aawkoa. flokpoackuii M. M, M a r c pu a ji M jpin H C r o p m c c K O i r p a M M a i m o i jitthhckoto thik*. TpoHCKuu li. M. ilcropmi aimthuoft amcpartypu. TpoHCKuu M. M. Bonpocu aaaikomro paaaimu a * ht«hhom i 3 p m A, IfCTop*HeCK*H MoprtKUMTHH juthhckoro n u K a. o bccm aonpocam B m MOtwert o 6 p * t h t k * k k *m : m ea./0 a K c{495) , h j h jaetanpohhou nonm ou URSS@URSS.ru n o jm u H K TTaaor h u u h h A npefk taajich a H H m e p H e m -M O im U H e : t «p ; / / U RSS.ru HayM H ax h y n e S n a x jih T cpary p a U H S S.r u : U R S S. r u ^ U R S S. r u - U H S S. n 1 n js s H n ^ n j 's s a n d ^ n J s s B n n j-ssn n n x s s d n ^ n j - s s a n

144 npencra&nflem Baiu HauiH ^ u n w io n «p ; Cepwa «J1hh rbhcthtjec Koe HacJiome XX Bexa* C ocaop <P. d e, Kypc o6uka j A h p m m t A. O c h o n i o & o e i i j EiMtcnea JI, Ilpaaerowemt B TttppOM (umil*, E c n e p c m ft Owjocwfr rpommbtnvf. Eomu k m JimmimtKa h Bonpocw $p»mayjai»ro suuui. E a i t A u III. QpBmiyKKM c w w c n w. gaum HI. ynpajtuwmta wo $pwuqwto» com it nwm. M a a > 6 p i O K B. B m i w i m i n j 'w m i e n a w K B,,... U lyxapdm f. H jc pam w e c d t u i p a mm Kimmmpa.,.< :: 5<m«enucm 3. 06aua.inttrancT«M. SeneeHuem 3. HiuMBpondlcKOC mitanoc cwooopamaaama., itn.rutr ff 'liriirinir imitinpnnaftrtrtiti iniiirtrin* nffinrrit,.. > M eue A. BicatHHt b cpirainfjibaoe MyneHMe HwimpOMitciun n u M a M eue A. CpaiHHTMMiuN Meraa a nrropmeckoti jpukotwamw. IHpadep O. CpsiBHtnuibHoe h m k o m a m u w unepsosunum mem pn. Caenenxo A. H. CpaBHtrrwiuiBB rpammbttata Htuoeaponeilciui* iumkob. MaKiiee 3. A. 0 6 huh Teoptui cpabtnrremioro *ihmouu«ma. J l e c H u n K a x A. B. CpaiHHT&nBHoe u u m o iu iim h n c r o p u a b j h k j o b, M a m a u y c B. H l 6 p a H H b t t r p v a b i n o m u M > 3 H * H K»,, E/iyjutpujid JI. fl3 U K. CeMepettbu O. BieaeHne b cpabwhtcxuiot jaukoitumc. Bandpuec >K. JOuk (jirnramrnnecxoe BseaeniK a Mcropma). Cm entm oea M.M. M ctoau ciwxpohhoro m m iiu jwkchkii, Bojitrip E. M. <PyH K U H O M O JiuuN cembktwa M M H K U. y ^ U im u e e fl A. A. I h n u «a o m c h m x j h m o b. y p u M u e e a A. A. O n u T w y M th H S jm m c h k h m k o t c r t M U. Kojwee H. f. Cuoso b pe*ui. ileworatmimwc bcbbktm. K om ee H. r. Komi>o**»htu c«ae(utun«jbaot) crpykrypu caoaa. XaHHMbcoH C.M- CoaepwaH»e cjhibb, 3hb<«chik h o6othb'«bh«. KaitnejitcoM C. M- IhnonaniB bmiks h pbobbob Mtmucimt. ynyxaitots H. C. 0»Boo6pB30BBTejmuw cenihtma b pyccxom *pmkb. A d n t o m i B. r. O c n o B u TtopMH ipammbmnut, M eonoe A. I f., IToAueoHOe E.M - IJmmmbtium c o a p c M t n i i w o KwraJIcicoro flaptpuohogm 10. M. TWSbtckhH OMCMKHHUtt iuuk. Q pudptu if. kpatkjb IfBMMMMK* XBTTCKflfO JUKB. Ky3»enoe C. H. Tcopenwrrxaa r p B M k u n u u abtckoto mama. Kh, 1, 2. Koawohckuu F, 8. OfocKiHBna* tuipimu MHpa a domuibih msoukb. KOjIWOHCICUUr, 8. KOMMyHHKBTHMBB t^'huum CTpyxTypB n u u. X<MUianeKu& f. 8. Coontontemfe cygmktnbttux n o&bbktmaiimx (pbbtnpchi KoAtttancKuu r. 8. Kohtckcthm cbmshinkb. KwiUIOHCKUU r. B. HapaJNBTBMCTHKa. KonmauCKuu r. 8. Jlonuca H crpyktypb luuka. H u i o e m E. H. Bbokhhc b»ukonutihb. URSS m m m

145 IIpeACTaBJuieM B a H H am a jiy m n ite KHHni: Ceptra «J1 HHrBHCTHHCCKoe Hacjieane XX seica» UlaxMamoe A A, C h i u c k pyccaoro n t u, ludxmomoe A A. yoenik o MCtax pew. URSS IleutKoecKuu A. M, PyccKHi c i m iik c h c uyaram km w h im. Cupomumma 0, S. JImmh do cnnraittncy pytcaofo u u k j. Cupomumma 0. B. nopnaw cjmb pjwxoh» «, Apymmmaa H M - n p e a W K a m e h e r a c m u c ji (nonufo-cem anraoeck D e npoftiwww), JfoMmee T. IT. IIp cju aaceh iie h e r o rp M M tiw ie c a a c m Te ropo n. Jlo/tmee T. U. Ocaaui cnimeciica coopemennoro pjccxoco n u u. AxMouoea 0. C. Oaepni no o&neft pyccnos jtmanuuonm. Ulanacuu H. M. Otepni no pyccaomy caomo6paiooaamm. Isoldes A. H. Ooepan no cmancnnte pymcoro nnuu. IJoAueaHoe E.JJ. JIckudh do Bneammo n nmkamiide n o6** tomerme. HaaueaHoe B.M - B ic M n iw m n w o jh n n n e. Ceitutqee A. M. flsun penojnohmdhoi anont. Ku6puK A. E. OWpKH M BuHOKyp r. 0. Kyjwiypa BuHOKyp r, 0. Bnorpe^HM h KyjKyp*. Buuoxyp r. 0. PycciMfl BuHOKyp r.o. MnnKoncKHil nonnrop n u u. Buhokvp r. 0. Pycfuo* cnemmeceoe npowdotacnnt. BuHOKyp r. 0. O JUUKC ^WMKeCTMMMA JIHItpniJpH. TpyCanee 0. H. Hcropnn cjnnnncun TgpMHnoo pemrma. Eyejiaes 0. H. HcropmecMui rpmmumma pjrccnoro mmm. Kh. 1,2. CodojteecKuu A. H. JleKiuw no ocropiro pyccnoro n m CoCoAeecKuu A. H. Caaenno-Pyceican naneorpa^a*- Boeopoduuxuu B. A, O oepu no mecompmdino n pyccxony *3ukj. SoeopodunKuii B.A. 06nn(i icypc pytcnofl ipammman. Eydde E. 0. Ooepn HCTopnn jwiepniypnoro pyccaoro n u n (XVII XDC MK). Eydde E. 0. Pycciuri nunc. Hletuum B. H. Eonomxan K u m p i. Wemcm B. H. Paccyxneiaie o umiko CaeeiMoi u n m. nopxcewhckuit B. K. CpanuneaMtan rpammanca caaanncux aiwkos. nopneeiuhckuit B. K Baeaeniw a jrwaooenenne. JIaepoecKuu II. A. KopeHooe w aienota oawunux poacraa y caaaad. Tomcoh A ft. Ha6pairoue pasom no wop^xronm caaoncknx n u t n. Kaoccosckuu B. H. rpammarnka enannwo impnoaworo rotuta nonoro nepnoaa. Kysbtknam C. M. [pakon-rana nepaoroo-caoaancaoro aanta do jipeineruimm n KysbdaKUH C. M. ApeeiteDepKoenocnaeMDCKHD mud. Qonernata. Fpom K. ff. 06 fuynemhd caaaancraa. Bauax A. PyaoaoacTao do crapocaamdkkomy away. Kymeujoe IT. C. Onepicn no mp^oaonm Kywetioe II. C. O npnouhdax MjyoeoHii ipahawannm. 'Aypasnee B. K. OnepKD no fill*

146 f t * s 09 ea eg 60 (60 60 jatm - S i 60 ;C6 n i s s r a " U H S S r u f e - u s s M T i = = ^ M R S S r n n p e A c ra sjifie M BaM uauih jiym iim e k h h ih : PyCCKHit H3MK UIwAee A- H. CoapeMenHtaN pycciui& n u n. JleacHKa. UlMotee A. H. n p o f u w M u tenahthteckoeo ah ajiio * jmhcmkh. URSS UlMatee A- H. Ooeptui no ceuacttonoruh pyccicoro *3mkh. UlMejiet A, H. O n m K c m e c K a n v e n H w o c r v n u ck U u n an H ii cobpcm chhom pycckom m u x e. Kapayitoe JO. H. PyccKMH «mk n u i o m nmoocm. Kapayjtoe 10. H. Cjioupb Ilyuiiuma Hmmkhum pycckofl hjmkoboji cmocoshocth. Bacunbeeti A. H. Kypc jkkuha no CTMjmcTMKe pycckoro ) i u u. 3oAomoea f, A. Otepx pyimtionanahoro CHHTaacMca pyccxoro anwa, 3oj>omoea f. A. KoMMymnunHaHbie acnextu pyccxoro cmhtikcmo. JOpnewco B.C. n p o c r o e (ipeaaomemie a c o b p c m c h h o m pyccxom nutate. Cko&ukom E. C. CwjiscoeaaHe h yapaajie*he a pyratom *3Mae. fojiee HA- A h th ho hhh pyccxoh op^orpa4wm. Eopucoaa If H. Pyccxntt pasroaophufi jiwuor: CTpyxrypa h juhummxa. Betautm H.JI. PyccxHti «u x a a (popart m a s. Mocmiih B. II. PyccKaa Meraipopi. EepaHHUKoea A. 11 O S u e e h pyccaoe JOuxoiH*Hne. lljfipamiue pa&otu. AonmeeaO.A. PyccxH# patroaophuh c h h t o k c h c. JIanmeea O. A. Peoeaue bo-jmojkhocth TexCToeofi omohhhkh. Jlanmeea 0. A. JKHaan pyccxah pent c Texes xpaiia. fuaitouihukoe B. H. Pyccaaa pent lwg-x; CoepeueaHM Pocchh a nmkooom orogpaxehiih. JUanupo A. E. CoBpeMenuHi pyccxnft *3UK: [IvHXTyauHn. Aaanecoe P. If. Pyccxoe jiintpnyphm np0h3h0uichik. Q6uiee w3hkq3hanne Eodym de Kypmeni If. A. B b«ik h h c a nxukoaeaaihc. fifepfa A. B. flyukoaan cmctcmb h pmeaan aeiitejibhoctb. ymokoe A. H. Kparxoe aackuhe a nayay o (Utaxe. fuiiom r. nphhdhnu TtOpeiHHecaoA J1HHHHCTHXH. AesunKuS JO. A. O Suiee HjaiKOwanHe. JleewtKuu JO. A. OcHoau TtopHH CHHTaxc»ca. AxMaHosa O. C. Gaoaapb ahhrawcuneckhx tcpkhhob. AxManoeo O. C., Mukhiaah f. E. CoapeHeHHbie chhtaxchteckhe TeopHH. Uapyio AC. Cxoaapb jihhnhcnnecxhx TepMiaooa. CmefauM-KoMeHCKuu M. H. Cuopnoe a mwxoiaakhh. Cepe6pennuKce E.A. BepoimtociHMe o6ocmoaahm a aomnapamawmwe. Gttocapeea Ji. A. Teopnii. at Coccaopa a Caere conpemchhofi jwarahcnikh. CmenaHw JO. C. IlMeni, npejoikaiw, npeajiowehiui ( c e M w x w n p i e a c a a rpammanika). Cmenanos JO. C, M e r o a u HnpnMiumu coapektehhofl xtm rancm axh. Kapnoe B.A. Hmik Kax cncrtma. Tep-MuHacoea C. P. CaoaocooeranHe a nayhho-jihhrahctht, wwathneckom acneatax. UuebAH T. B. M oieia MHpa h ee XHimttcnreecKHe ochobu. MaKoecKuu M. M, Ko*ameabHuA mhp cjiob h jmpwhha, Mokopckuu M. M. CncreMHOCTb h acncremhoctb a «3uxe. n j s s a n i ^ n r R s j m i w r n j ; s s H n. I ( n J s s H n i i i m A i n i i H n a n a i r.

147 f u i c i s o. r u i K o o L i i u a g = ^ u w D o ; f i u r ^ u w a a s i i u IIpeACTaBJifleM BaM HauiH jiymiime khhth: CepHfl «H3mkh HapojQB MHpa* CmenaHoe P B. Hcnancurit mmk H c m h im h AMipNUli Beccett 3. CaaiuuHaacitHe mmkn. Kapnoe B.A. BoxrapciuiN a w i. <Pej>bdMOH H. H. flaonckh* inuk., CbipGMHmHUKoe H.A. Pawm ie HoaotmoHcaoro w i u. JfyduHa JI. H. lypemoift» u l Ilpaicnneciuift nypc. BacKOKoe H.A. D o p k c i u w j u i j k h. MbxKQHO# H. M. Ctwrro-xawmaute i w u : Onwr KaaccMpHKaoMM. TOtuMtmoe H. B. rpammamaa ahtrpaiyphoro apasckoro «m i». Fypy K. rpauwattuu xhhou. B 2 T. CepHH «Hcrop«s bsmkob HapojoB Egponbi* URSS EopKoecKuB B. H., Kymeitoe H. C. H c ro p in e c a a n rpam M itm ta p y ccao ro Tpohckuu H. M, 06ateHHaoetpondfcKoe aiukoaoe c o c t o b h ik. EpyHHep K. HCTOpHB ahmhllckofo N3MKA. Bptteea B. H. Patturme nauhohajimoro AMTtpaivpiaofo ahmhftcaoro ni u x a fox A. Hcropna nemecncoro nw ta. Afeiie A. Ochobhuc oco6chhoc repmanciton rpynnu xmiko*. Horn A. Hctophb tpaniiykkoro ajidna. Kpame O. Hcropanecnan rpammxnika ijpanm tuini a w n, Cmeo.wH-Komchckuu M. H. ApemeiicjiattACKiiH arua, CmeOjitiH-KaMeHCKuii M. H. tyammltnka HopamtCKOro aiuxa. UlmuMapee B. <P. O t e p K H no n c m p n n i d u k o b H c n a m m. rputoptee B. IT. IlcropHR McnanCKOrn Fyuep O. B a e o o H n e a n c r o p H W neinckoro AHiiHbeep H. E. Hcropnn n juiajioktpaanni nosacaoro n3una. C e p MB «HtTOpHB jmhrbck}))moco4>ckoft MhlCJIH* Xomckuu H. KapreMUUKiwa ahhrahcthtca. TTep. c anrji, Baik&pfep ft. JI. PoAHott n u i h (tmpmnpoaanne ayxa. Padnemo O.A. Saua aaa MMpocowuanne, JJocee A. <P. BaejieaiHt o6uiyn i t o p m n w a n c o a n x MOiKJieA. loptehko B.C. <I>iiXoco<tiHti hsukj ^ u a o c o ttn u o u k o n n H n, KoHdupbBK 3. B. O aniae n hotwk. Ilep. c 4>p. Tesyifwc: (495) , (495) , E-maN: URSS@ORSSjh H a u N r a w n t h o m h o n p M o O p ecn i > H a ra sm H u : Eit o a f n t i P ( a ilitm n, pa.man«wwa. *. T u. (493) 4K-I45T) Hocmmm* urn m am * (w.aptwowa, y a llo m i ApOar, I. Tea. (4U> ) (n.b u rn m.»a. 6. new *. 24. T u. (0 9 ) 238-5*61, ) wawweuol mama (Humm M ap-t, *6. T u. (493) HT-WM) <N.npe*en6CMa. y a.m ap o n a u a, 3- T u. (463) Z1) (a. y u u p t a m, 1 rsn.mpqfc MTU, aona.m t Tea. (OH) ) «y HeaiNpa* (PITV) (M.meecaetwcaaa, y a.iu w e a, IS. T u. (493) ) «OK. «w amra» quecaaa ap, 38. TU. (112) H8M34) U R S S. r u ^ U R S S. m I l U H S S ^ U ^ U H S S r u