I Wasim, Masinisa, Masiba, Dihya d yemma-tsen. I akk wid âzizen fell-ane$ d wid i$ef nekkni âzizit.

Átírás

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2 I Wasim, Masinisa, Masiba, Dihya d yemma-tsen. I akk wid âzizen fell-ane$ d wid i$ef nekkni âzizit. I wid akk yesselmaden d wid ilemmden tutlayt tamazi$t.

3 Tazwart I wakken ad nernu asurif nniven $er zdat, assa, ad nessenked amahil d amaynut. Adlis-a, d yiwen wallal i d-nga ger ifassen n yal win yeb$an ad yesnerni aswir-is, di tutlayt. D anelmad, d aselmad ne$ d wayev, nessaram kan ad t-afen d tagnit i usilqey n tmusniwin-nsen. Si tazwara, tu$ neb$a-t ad yili d ummid daymi ara tafev deg-s, a gma ne$ a weltma, aîas yixfawen i igebren tibuda, ilugan d isegziyen s imedyaten d waîas tfelwiyin. S waya, neârev ad as-nefk yiwen wudem atrar i umahil i d-nessewjed. Ma tella kra n tuccva tafessast ara d-ibanen deg-s, ad a$-tili kan d tamsirt i uzekka. I usihrew n tegzi d usemres, nefka-d azal n yal awal amazi$ s tutlayt tafransist. Si tama, nesfallat akken ad yefk waya, ugar ufud i waîas n yemdanen; si tama nniven, neb$a ad yili d aseb$es i wiyev, i tu$alin $er tutlayt-nsen ne$ i usekfel n Tmazi$t. Neqqar, nekkni s Leqbayel Ad temlil tasa d wi ay turew. Asirem-nne$ d akken ad yaf wedlis-nne$ amviqis, ama deg u$erbaz, di twacult, di tmarit ne$ di yal tamkarvit

4 XÇvÉÜx âçx yé á? ÑÉâÜ tääxü wtätçàtzx? wx ÄËtätÇà? ÇÉâá ÜxÄxäÉÇá âç tâàüx w y? ÑtÜ Ät ÑÜ áxçàtà ÉÇ wx vx ÇÉâäxÄ ÉâäÜtzx Öâx ÇÉâá ÅxààÉÇá xçàüx äéá Åt ÇáA iéâá Öâ äéâá ÑÜ ÉvvâÑxé wx äéàüx Ç äxtâ? áâü Äx ÑÄtÇ Ä Çzâ áà Öâx? Öâx äéâá áéçxé tññüxçtçà? xçáx zçtçà Éâ á ÅÑÄxÅxÇà Çà Üxáá á ÑtÜ Ät ÄtÇzâx wxá [ÉÅÅxá Ä uüxá? ÇÉàÜx áéâ{t à xáà wëxáátçxü wx Ü ÑÉÇwÜx ÅÉwxáàxÅxÇà õ äéàüx ÇÉuÄx w á ÜA T vxà xyyxà? ÑÉâÜ ÄËtÑÑÜÉyÉÇw ááxåxçà wx äéá véççt áátçvxá? vx Ä äüx áx äxâà âç ÅÉçxÇ w täa ctü áéâv á wëâç ÄtÜzx ÑÜÉy à? ÇÉâá täéçá ÜxvÉâÜâ õ ÄËâátzx wâ YÜtÇ t áa Wxá xåñä vtà ÉÇá xà wxá Öâ ätäxçàá wxá ÅÉàá ÜxÄxätÇà wâ Äxå Öâx zütååtà vtä ç áéçà wéçç á? wtçá vxààx ÄtÇzâxA a tçåé Çá? wxá xyyéüàá áéçà Ç vxáát Üxá? wx äéàüx ÑtÜà? ÑÉâÜ ÑtÄ xü tâå äxçàâxääxá w yy vâäà á? ÑÉâÜ âçx ÑtÜyt àx táá Å Ätà ÉÇ wxá Ç ÉÄÉz áåxá t Çá Öâx wxá àxüåxá Öâ äéâá ÑtÜtßàÜt xçà ÇÉâäxtâåA _xâüá ÑÜÉv w á wx yéüåtà ÉÇ áéçà utá á áâü wxá Ütv Çxá xà wxá Ü zäxá àçñ ÖâxÅxÇà tåté z{xáa

5 Présentation : Cet ouvrage se veut un manuel général et pratique de langue amazighe. On y trouve des définitions et des règles soutenues par des exemples clairs et diversifiés ainsi que des tableaux explicatifs pour une meilleure assimilation de l usager. Le mot y est présenté dans ses différentes classes et formes. Les types de phrases, les énoncés et les propositions y sont étudiés. Avec ce travail, la morphologie et la syntaxe de la langue du regretté Mouloud Mammeri ne sera un secret pour personne. Il renferme les différentes méthodes d analyses : grammaticale, logique et littéraire. Cette étude de Tamazi$t est faite en Tamazi$t, avec une terminologie en Français pour un meilleur profit. Elle comporte onze (11) parties : Le nom et l adjectif qualificatif. Le verbe et sa conjugaison. La dérivation. Les pronoms. Les prépositions, les conjonctions et les adverbes. Les nombres et leurs dérivés. La ponctuation.

6 Les fonctions nominales. Les temps verbaux La phrase et la proposition. L analyse. Etant enseignant de Tamazi$t, l auteur compte investir son expérience acquise sur le terrain pour éventuellement tenter de répondre aux besoins et exigences du domaine. Pour donner un élan à notre langue ancestrale, des études de ce genre son indispensables. Nous voulons la propulser dans le concert des langues vivantes modernes et personne ne le fera à notre place. Un espace géographique vaste et très important existe : TAMAZGHA. Des communautés amazighes très importantes vivent en Europe et en Amérique, avec parfois un statut des plus respectables. Ne pourront-elles pas contribuer à la réalisation du rêve de millions d Hommes Libres? Et ne pourra-t-on pas profiter des moyens modernes de la technologie, comme l informatique et l Internet? Le proverbe ne dit-il pas qu «Il n y a pas meilleur messager que soi».

7 ISEM D YEGLEM IXEF I : ISEM D YEGLEM LE NOM ET L ADJECTIF QUALIFICATIF ISEM LE NOM Isem d awal ameskil yemmalen amdan, a$ersiw ne$ ta$awsa. Isem n t$awsa yezmer ad yili d akmam ne$ d amadwan. Isem akmam d win yerzan ayen iwumi nettêulfu: i néerr, i nettaîîaf, i izemren ad yers $ef tfekka-nne$ (avu). Si ama nniven, isem amadwan d ayen i d-izerrin deg walla$, ur nezmir ad t-néer ne$ ad t-neîîef Imedyaten Amdan A$ersiw Ta$awsa AKMAM AMADWAN Taqcict Uccen Adlis Tilelli Yuba Aruy Tagut Tameddit Kahina Izinzer Akal Axemmem Isem amatu: Le nom commun Isem amatu d isem i izemren ad imel aîas t$awsiwin ne$ tgemsin i yettemcabin. Md:: agellid, acennay, taselmadt (d tigemsin). Adrar, taftist, adfel ( d ti$awsiwin). Isem uzzig: Le nom propre Isem uzzig d isem yerzan yiwet tegmest, yiwet t$awsa ne$ aîas; ma sεant yiwet tmagit i ur nettbeddil ara. Md : Masensen, Iflisen, Baya (d ismawen uzzigen mmalen tigemsin). 13

8 ISEM D YEGLEM Aheggar,Tici, Mizrana (d ismawen uzzigen mmalen ti$awsiwin). Ismawen uddisen: Les noms composés Tamawt: Ismawen uzzigen ttarun akk s usekkil ameqqran, di tazwara. Llan yismawen uddisen yedduklen, d yiwen wawal (amagraman), wiyev qqimen deg-sen iferdisen akken llan (tislit n waman). Gar-asen, ad naf ismawen uddisen i yettwassnen di tutlayt n yalass. Md:: Ibiw n yilef d im$i. Aksum n wuglan d ta$awsa. Tinejdemt n lêiv d a$ersiw. Si tama nniven, llan yismawen i d-yekkan si tutlayt talatinit d yismawen ussnanen imaynuten. Md: :Adikaliter mraw ilitren. Akilumiter agim imitren. Tasnakta tussna + tikti. Tasnilsit tussna + iles (tutlayt). Tuddsa s bu: Bu teεrurt (amalay) : M teεrurt (unti). Burekku (bu + rekku); tabuzewwa$t ( bu + azewwa$ di taggara n wunti). Tuddsa s Ayt, At (iderman): At εebbas, Ayt Yeêya Musa, At Zmenzer 14

9 ISEM D YEGLEM Ismawen n Trakalt: Les noms de géographie Ismawen n trakalt d ismawen uzzigen yerzan timura, tuddar, timdinin, idurar, isaffen Md:Tizi Wezzu, Tizi ennif, Tawrirt n Musa, I$il (n) Σli Tafelwit n yismawen uddisen: Tableau de noms composes Iferdisen n tuddsa Isem + isem Isem + iglem Amyag + isem Im$an Ti$awsiwin I$ersiwen Iles ufunas Ibiw n yilef Ameééu$ n yilef Tu$mest n tem$art Aberquq n ta$avt Abelluv urumi Taduvt n wulli Tivt n tejqa Asennan n we$yul Aêrir n yigran Fudel$em Ajanjal aberrani A$anim aεrab Amagraman èidelmum Aman n tasa Amager isaffen Cuff mejjir A$yul n lexla Tinejdemt n lêiv Amergu amezda$ Aqelqul azegzaw Amcic aqerεun 15

10 ISEM D YEGLEM Ismawen n timmarewt: Les noms de parenté Ismawen n timmarewt rzan imeslaven n twacult ne$ imdanen yettemyilin. Aîas yismawen n timmarewt ur sεin ara ti$ri tamezwarut: Baba, yemma, gma, weltma, dadda, nanna. Ismawen εemmi, εemmti, xali, xalti, jeddi, jida; kkan-d si tutlayt taεrabt. Tafelwit n yismawen n timmarewt: Tableau des noms de parenté A M A L A Y U N T I A s u f a s g e t a s u f A s g e t jeddi ijedditen jida, setti tijidatin, tisettitin baba ibabaten yemma tiyemmatin gma ayetma, atmaten, ayetmaten weltma yessetma, tiyessetmatin dada idaddaten nanna tinannatin mmi, arraw yelli yessi memmi mmi-s n arraw n gma yelli-s n gma yessi-s n gma gma ayyaw ayyawen tayyawt Tayyawin mmi-s n weltma arraw n weltma yelli-s n weltma yessi-s n weltma mmi-s n arraw n mmi yelli-s n mmi yessi-s n mmi mmi mmi-s n arraw n yelli yelli-s n yelli yessi-s n yelli yelli εemmi εmumi εemmti Εmumati xali xwali xalti Xwalati 16

11 ISEM D YEGLEM mmi-s n arraw n εemmi yelli-s n εemmi yessi-s n εemmi εemmi mmi-s n arraw n xali yelli-s n xali yessi-s n xali xali argaz n irgazen n tameîîut n εemmi tilawin n εmumi εemmti εmumati argaz n irgazen n xwalati tameîîut n xali tilawin n xwali xalti argaz n? tameîîut n baba tilawin n baba yemma am$ar im$aren tam$art tim$arin argaz irgazen tameîîut tilawin alwes ilewsan talwest tilewsatin aslif islifen taslift tislifin arbib irbiben tarbibt tirbibin mmi-s n welwes mmi-s n telwest arraw n welwes yelli-s n welwes yessi-s n welwes arraw n telwest yelli-s n telwest yessi-s n telwest takna takniwin mmi-s n arraw n takna yelli-s n takna yessi-s n takna takna avewwal ivewlan tavewwalt tivewlatin TAL IWIN N YISEM: Les formes du nom S umata, isem $ur-s snat tewsatin, sin yemvanen d sin waddaden: Snat tewsatin: Deux genres -Amalay::Aqcic, awtul, axxam. -Unti: Taqcict, tawtult, taxxamt. 17

12 ISEM D YEGLEM Sin yemvanen: Deux nombres -Asuf: Anelmad, tamurt, afus. -Asget: Inelmaden, timura, ifassen. Sin waddaden: Deux états -Addad ilelli: Anelmad yura. -Addad amaruz: Yura unelmad. 1. Tawsit: Le genre Amalay izewwir s te$ri: iles, udem, amger; maca llant tsuraf anida izewwir s tergalt: dadda, bururu. Llan kra yismawen sεan kan yiwet tewsit: a- d amalay kan : imi, adlis. b- d unti kan: tawla, tunt. Asile$ n wunti: Formation du féminin S umata, yettili usile$ n wunti, s t di tazwara d taggara t-----t, md: ilef / tileft. Si tama nniven llant tal$iwin tiyev i usile$ n wunti: t di tazwara, wt di taggara, md: ameksa / tameksawt. t di tazwara, yt di taggara, md: a$erda / ta$erdayt. t di tazwara, ct di taggara, md: avad / tavadect. t di tazwara, ti$ri a di taggara, md: agaref / tagarfa. t di tazwara, ti$ri i di taggara, md: asusem / tasusmi. 18

13 ISEM D YEGLEM Inumak n wunti: Les sens du féminin Tamawt: Di kra yismawen, unti izewwir s usekkil nniven: ulli (yezwar s te$ri u), lmut ( yezwar s tergalt nniven). Unti yessenfalay asiméey (aseméi), tawtemt ne$ tayant. a- Asiméey (aseméi): Aqejjir / taqejjirt, aqemmuc / taqemmuct. b- Tawtemt: Aselway / taselwayt, aydi / taydit, itbir / titbirt. c- Tayant (yiwet seg waîas): Ifires / tifirest, azemmur / tazemmurt. Tamawt: Llan yismawen ideg mgaraden wunti d umalay, deg uéar. Imedyaten: azger tafunast (zgr fns) iêiqel tasekkurt (êql skr) 2. -Amvan: Le nombre a-asuf: deg-s yiwen wemdan, u$ersiw ne$ yiwet t$awsa. b-asget::deg-s aîas (ugar n yiwen) yemdanen, i$ersiwen ne$ t$awsiwin. A s u f A s g e t A m d a n Argaz Irgazen A $ e r s i w Awtul Iwtal T a $ a w s a Adrar Idurar 19

14 ISEM D YEGLEM Asile$ n wesget: Formation du pluriel Tamawt: Llan yismawen i yesεan kan yiwen wemvan: a - d asuf kan: temlel, talwit. b - d asget kan: aman, imetman, tuccanin (im$i). Xas yettili ubeddel n te$ri tamezwarut, annect-a ur igeddez ara i usile$ n wesget. Asile$ n wesget yettili: 1- S tehrayt: Ilef / ilfan, tileft / tilfatin. 2- S temlellit:: Amcic / imcac, tamcict / timcac. 3- S temlellit d tehrayt:: Izimer / izamaren, tizimert / tizamarin. 4- D amaélay:(yeffe$ $ef ulugen)gen): Ass / ussan, timmi / tammiwin. Tamawt: Ismawen ijenîaven i d-yusan si tutlayt taεrabt yeqqimen di tal$a-nsen tamezwarut, tt$iman di tal$a-nsen n wesget taqburt ne$ ttbeddilen am wacemma: lhemm lehmum ddwa ddwawi loar loiran lbir lebyur 20

15 ISEM D YEGLEM Ti$ri tamezwarut: La voyelle initiale Ti$ri tamezwarut, ger wasuf d wesget, tettili akka: Ti$ri ta1ut Tahrayt Tamlellit Tamlellit d tehrayt a i axxam/ixxamen afrux/ifrax abrid/iberdan Amaélay i i iger/igran tiddest/tiddas ibiw/ibawen a a addad/addaden tarda/tardiwin a u i a i u ass/ussan iccer/accaren iv/uvan Tal$iwin tigejdanin n wesget: Formes principales du pluriel Tal$iwin usile$ n wesget ggtent, llant 04 tal$iwin tigejdanin qqnent-d $ur-sent aîas n tiyev: 21

16 ISEM D YEGLEM Asget s tehrayt: Pluriel avec désinence Amalay Unti an atin en awen iwen wen ten yen ø in awin iwin win tin yin n n,en+tussda Imedyaten alwes / ilewsan, talwest / tilewsatin ilef / ilfan, tileft / tilfatin ugel / uglan, tulmut / tulmatin aselmad/iselmaden, taselmadt/tiselmadin igellil / igellilen, tigellilt / tigellilin uday / udayen, tudayt / tudayin ilem / ilmawen, tilemt / tilmawin udem / udmawen afer / afriwen, ti$irdemt / ti$iredmiwin ameksa/imeksawen, tamusni/timusniwin ifiri / ifiriwen, tidi / tidiwin igi / igiten adda / addaten acenwi / icenwiyen, tacenwit / ticenwiyin unti / untiyen, tuntit / tuntiyin azara / izaran avar / ivarren 22

17 ISEM D YEGLEM Asget s temlellit: Pluriel avec alternance Tamlellit a / i-a a / iwa e / u-a i / a(y) i / (y)a i / (w)a ø---a ø---w a-a / u-a a-e / i-a a-e / u-a Amedya tamart / timira tala / tiliwa tagest / tigusa targit / tirga tasirt / tisyar tiégi / tiéegwa taluft / tilufa targa / tiregwa asalas / isulas asakwen / isikwan amayeg / imuyag a-i / i-a tamazirt / timizar a-i / u-a(y) tacacit / ticucay a-u / u-a asaru / isura i-e / i-(w)a idikel / idikwal i-e / u-a igider / igudar i-a / u-a azital / izutal u-e / u-a asumer / isumar 23

18 ISEM D YEGLEM ø-a / u-a adrar / idurar Tussda / w tasevva / tisevwa Asget s temlellit d tehrayt: Pluriel avec alternance et désinence Tamlellit a / iwin a / win a / u-an a / en, in i / an, atin i /a-en i / awen, awin i / an, atin i / as-en, a-tin u / an, atin u / awen u / an, atin u / in u / as-en i-e/ a-a-en,a-a-in Sa / -San Si / -Swan Su /-Sen, - Sin S / -Swan Amedya tabarda / tibardiwin tamilla / timillwin aéar / iéuran aεekkaz / iεekkzen, taεekkazt / tiεekkzin isli / islan, tislit / tislatin ibiw / ibawen inebgi / inebgawen, tinebgit / tinebgawin azniq / izenqan, tazniqt / tizenqatin i$il / i$allen, ti$ilt / ti$altin aêulfu / iêulfan, tulmut / tulmatin usu / usawen amzur / imezran, tamzurt / timezratin ta$rudt / ti$erdin afus / ifassen izimer / izamaren, tizimert / tizamarin avewwal / ivewlan, tavewwalt / tivewlatin igenni / igenwan awevvuf / iwevfen, tawevvuft / tiwevfin aéekka / iéekwan Tamawt: S d asekkil ussid. 24

19 ISEM D YEGLEM -S d tukksa n tussda. 3- Addad: L état Addaden d tal$iwin i yezmer ad yesεu yisem ne$ awal nniven ilmend n wadeg-is (n wemkan-is), di tefyirt d wawalen i t-isuman. a. Addad ilelli: L état libre Addad ilelli d tal$a tamagnut n yisem ideg ur yuriz ara $er kra n wawal nniven s ususru. Md : Tagrest tekfa. b. Addad amaruz: L état lié (annexion) Addad amaruz d tal$a n yisem yurzen s ususru $er wawal i yevfer. S umata, yettili ubeddel di te$ri tamezwarut, maca, tikwal, ur d-yettili ara ubeddel. Addad ilelli Addad amaruz Tagrest tekfa. Tekfa tegrest Ass yuli. Yuli wass. Tafsut ad d-tas. Ad d-tas tefsut. Ti$ri tamezwarut: La voyelle initiale Yettili-d wemgired ger sin waddaden, akka: Tal$a Amalay Tal$a Unti a wa we u asif / wasif abrid / webrid afus / ufus ta ta te t taga / taga tamsirt / temsirt tamurt / tmurt i yi ye i iles / yiles iqcer / yeqcer igenni / igenni ti ti te t tileft / tileft tiqcert / teqcert tilelli / tlelli 25

20 ISEM D YEGLEM u tu ulmu / wulmu tu tu tulmut / tulmut te te temlel / temlel Tamawt: -Amalay ibeddun s u, yettu$al «wu», di tazwara-s, deg waddad amaruz. -Unti ibeddun s tu ne$ s te, ur yettbeddil ara deg waddad amaruz. Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad: Noms à état invariable Tuget n yismawen irmeskilen n waddad d ijenîaven, kkan-d si tutlayin nniven, ur ttumaz$en ara. Aîas gar-asen zewwiren s te$ri maca ur llin ara d imalayen. Daymi ur zmiren ara ad beddlen. Neqqar-asen: Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad. Imedyaten: a / a: Albanya / Albanya, Amestirdam / Amestirdam. i / i: Iran / Iran, Izmir / Izmir. u / u: Usetralya / Usetralya, Urugway / Urugway. Targalt : Maser / Maser, Kanada / Kanada. Melmi yettili waddad amaruz? Cas d existence de l état d annexion Yettili wawal deg waddad amaruz mi ara yesεu yiwet si twuriwin-a: 1. Asemmad arusrid Tura tabrat i tselmadt. 2. Asemmad anez$an: n wadeg Yegzem webrid, di Delles. n wakud Ixeddem Yuba, deg yiv. n t$ara Zegren abrid, s tazzla. n yeswi U$en-d azger i tmecrevt. 26

21 ISEM D YEGLEM n tmentilt Yekkaw si fad. 3. Asemmad asegzay amaruz: umeggay Ugment tullas aman. n wubdir Yegzem webrid di Delles. n wuddid n wemyag usrid--- Tura-tt, tebrat-nni. n wuddid n wemyag arusrid- Yefka-as uselmad adlis, unelmad. n wuddid n tenze$t- Tga deg-s aman, tecmuxt. n yisem D Masil, umenzu. n yeglem D tiberkanin, wallen-is. n wemqim D wa, unemhal. n wuddid n wesnekdan- Ha-t, webrid. n wuddid usestan-- Anida-tt, tsarut? 4. Asemmad agucclan: n yisem Neswa aman n tala. umernu Ufgen aîas izivav. n yeglem Qasi d unciw uqerru. n wemqim D wid n tala i neswa. n wemvan D iger n sin watmaten. Tamawt: Tinza$ ar, war (bla), s (n tnila) d s$ur, sselkament addad ilelli. Melmi yettili waddad ilelli? Cas d existence de l état libre Yettili wawal deg waddad ilelli ma ur yelli waruz deg ususru gar-as d wawal nniven i t-yezwaren. Tiwuriwin n waddad ilelli d ti: 27

22 ISEM D YEGLEM 1- Asemmad usrid: Yeswa wemcic aman. 2- Asemmad war tanze$t: n wadeg Qqim, dinna. n wakud Ad d-asen, tameddit. n t$ara La yettugir, timendeffirt. n tesmekta Tewzen tfeqqust-a akilugram. uzegzi Ixeddem axeddim igerrzen. 3- Asemmad asegzay ilelli: umeggay Tullas ugment aman. n wubdir Amakar yettwaîîef. n wuddid n wemyag usrid-- Tabrat-nni, tura-tt. n wuddid n wemyag arusrid- Anelmad, yefka-as uselmad adlis. n wuddid n tenze$t---- Tacmuxt, tga deg-s aman. n yisem Amenzu d Masil. n yeglem Allen-is d tiberkanin. n wemqim Anemhal d wa. n wuddid n wesnekdan- Abrid ha-t. n wuddid usestan----- Tasarut anida-tt? 4- Asemmad ilelli usiwel:---- Aksil, gma, yeqqar di Bumerdas Kker, Linda, ad teççev imensi. 5- Isemmaden inez$anen i sselkament tenza$ ar, war, s (n tnila): -- Azzel ar aseklu-inna. 28

23 ISEM D YEGLEM I G L E M (ARBIB): L adjectif qualificatif -- As-d s axxam. -- Itett war tiflewt. Iglem d awal ameskil i yemmalen ta$ara n yisem ne$ amek iga. Iglem yevvafar uglim deg wemvan d tewsit, md: Am$ar afermac. Im$aren ifermacen. Tim$arin tifermacin. uglim iglem uglim iglem uglim iglem asuf amalay asuf amalay asget amalay asget amalay asget unti asget unti TAL IWIN N YEGLEM: Formes de l adj. qualificatif Iglem am yisem, yezmer ad yesεu snat tewsatin, sin yemvanen d sin waddaden: a) -Snat tewsatin -Amalay: Amcic amellal. -Unti: Tamcict tamellalt. b) -Sin yemvanen: -Asuf: Amcic amellal. -Asget::Imcac imellalen. c) -Sin waddaden: -Addad ilelli: Aqerru aberkan. -Addad amaruz: Aqerru uberkan. Unti n yeglem: Le féminin de l adj. qualificatif Unti n yeglem yettili s tmerna n t n wunti di tazwara d taggara: amellal / tamellalt, uzyin / tuzyint, imseggem / timseggemt. 29

24 ISEM D YEGLEM Asget n yeglem: Le pluriel de l adj. qualificatif Yettili usile$ n wesget n yeglem s tehrayt ne$ s temlellit. Imedyaten: a-s tehrayt: Afessas / ifessasen, tafessast / tifessasin. b-s temlellit: Aneggaru / ineggura, taneggarut / tineggura. Addad amaruz n yeglem: L état d annexion de l adj. qualificatif S umata, yettili waddad amaruz n yeglem am waddad amaruz deg yisem: Tal$a Amalay Tal$a Unti a we aqbur / weqbur ta te taqburt / teqburt a u amezwaru/umezwaru ta t tamezwarut/tmezwarut i ye iqburen / yeqburen ti te tiqburin / teqburin i i imezwura / imezwura ti t timezwura / tmezwura u wu ubrin / wubrin : tu tu tubrint / tubrint Tamu$li $ef waddaden: A propos des états Ma nessiked $er tal$iwin n wawalen ad tent-naf skant (bnant) akk $ef ilugan (d amyag, d isem ). Deg wayen yerzan tal$iwin n yisem, nettaf d akken d isekkilen i isuman ti$ri tamezwarut, deg waddad ilelli, i yemmalen amek ara tili tal$a n waddad amaruz. Ma ad yili ubeddel ne$ ala, si tama, ma yella ubeddel amek ara d-yili, si tama nniven. èer tafelwit-a yerzan tal$iwin n sin waddaden: 30

25 ISEM D YEGLEM Ti$ri Tirgalin ivefren Tisawalin Imedyaten ti$ri tamezwarut tamezwarut a u yiwet 3 ne$ ugar a$erbaz u$erbaz a we snat snat ne$ ugar Adrar wedrar a wa yiwet 2 ne$ ugar addal waddal i i yiwet 3 ne$ ugar inelmaden inelmaden i ye snat snat ne$ ugar Iwtal yewtal i yi yiwet iles yiles targalt yiwet ne$ ugar Iccer yiccer tussidt u wu Udem wudem D tidet, llant kra tal$iwin n waddad amaruz deg-sent tisuraf. Annect-a yesra anadi i tukksa n wuguren: Yessefk ad mmuggen wumu$en n tsuraf akk i yellan i yal tal$a. Imusnawen ara d- yessuff$en imawalen, deg yimal, ilaq-asen ad fken azal i waya. Amawal Taqbaylit-Tafransist n J.M Dallet d amedya igerrzen. Tussna yessefk-as ad taf amkan-is i wesnefli d usetrer n tutlayt-nne$, maca ur ilaq ara ad nbeddel udem i tmeslayt n yal ass i ssnen yemdanen, i ttmeslayen. D ayen ibanen, maçi d asnulfu ara d- nesnulfu tutlayt, imi tella $er wegdud. S waya aql-a$ ur neddi ara deg yiwen webrid d kra n watmatennne$ i d-igan kra isumar anida ttwakksent snat tal$iwin s wazal-nsent ideg i d-tkeccem te$ri e deg waddad amaruz d tayev ideg ur tettbeddil ara te$ri i [a we, i ye, i i]. Segmi neb$a ad neêrez tutlayt-nne$, tamezwarut n tmezwura, ilaq ad nezwir seg weêraz n tgejda i$ef tbedd seg wacêal igiman iseggasen aya. Gar-asent: 31

26 ISEM D YEGLEM Tamsertit d waddad amaruz. Amside$ ger tal$iwin umalay d wunti, di sin waddaden, ilelli d umaruz. Amside$ ger tal$iwin n yisem d tid n wemyag: isekkilen n tazwara n yisem yellan deg waddad amaruz am imataren udmawanen n tazwara deg wemyag yeftin. èer imedyaten di tfelwit-a tasrewsant: AMALAY UNTI isekkilen isem amyag isekkilen isem amyag n tazwara amaruz yeftin n tazwara amaruz yeftin ye ye$zer yegzem te te$zert tegzem yi yiger ad yili ti tidet ad tili i imensi ibedd t tnelmadt tbedd -a wasif ad yaf ta tamurt ad taf -u wudem yu$al tu tussna tu$al Alugen: Mi ara neb$u ad naru isem (ne$ awal nniven) deg waddad-is amaruz, ad t-nerr d asemmad anez$an s $er : Aselway $er uselway Adrar $er wedrar Asif $er wasif Igenni $er igenni Itran $er yetran Iîij $er yiîij Uffal $er wuffal Tame$ra $er tme$ra Tamdint $er temdint Tala $er tala Tizi $er tizi 32

27 ISEM D YEGLEM IXEF II: AMYAG: LE VERBE Tirget $er terget Amyag d awal ameskil ifettin. Nettaf deg-s sin yeêricen: 1-Afeggag: yegber aéar (tirgalin) + ti$ra: -Aéar yemmal anamek. -Ti$ra mmalent timeéri. 2- Imataren: -Yella umatar udmawan (azwir, adfir): yemmal udem wi$er yefti wemyag. -Imataren nniven: mmalen timeéri tussidt (amatar n wussid tt, tussda n tergalt). Tamawt: -Deg yemyagen isuddimen rennun-d imataren nniven: n weswa$ (s ), n wettwa$ (ttwa, ttu ), n wemya$ (my ). Imedyaten: (Ad) yaru: y : d amatar udmawan. aru: d afeggag ( r d aéar), ( a-u d ti$ra mmalent urmir). Nettemyaru: ne: d amatar udmawan. tte: d amatar n wussid (amyag yefti $er wurmir ussid). my: d amatar n wemya$. aru: d amyag. 33

28 AMYAG Tal$a taêerfit: La forme simple (l infinitif) Tal$a taêerfit d tal$a n wemyag send ad yefti. D nettat i d tameéyant di tal$iwin n wemyag (ulac deg-s imataren), md: aru, del, kcem, muqel, ini, sel Imyagen iluganen d yerluganen: Les verbes réguliers et irréguliers Amyag alugan: Le verbe régulier Amyag alugan d amyag ideg tal$a n wurmir temgarad $ef tin n yezri: md: amyag kcem---urmir:: (ad)yekcem, (ad) kecmen izri : yekcem, kecmen Amyag arlugan: Le verbe irrégulier Amyag arlugan d amyag ideg tal$a n wurmir temgarad $ef tin n yezri: md: amyag kcem---urmir: (ad) yazzel, (ad) azzlen izri : yuzzel, uzzlen Imyagen n t$ara: Les verbes de qualité Amyag n t$ara d amyag arlugan i yemmalen ta$ara n wubdir ne$ addad-is (amek iga). Md: Amyag imlul / Mellul wedfel = D amellal wedfel. Amyag iwzil / Wezzil wass. = D awezzlan wass. 34

29 AMYAG Tamawt: Akk imyagen n t$ara nezmer ad d-nessuddem seg-sen igelman: Ihriw ahrawan, tahrawant, ihrawanen, tihrawanin. Uzur azuran, tazurant, izuranen, tizuranin Ifsus afessas, tafessast, ifessasen, tifessasin. Zegzew azegzaw, tazegzawt, izegzawen, tizegzawin. Imyagen isenvanen d yersenvanen : Les verbes transitifs et intransitifs Amyag asenvan: Le verbe transitif Amyag asenvan d amyag i yettawin (i yesεan) asemmad usrid:: md: Amyag sew Teswa teqcict aman. Amyag ddem Yeddem wergaz agelzim. Amyag arsenvan: Le verbe intransitif Amyag arsenvan d amyag ur nettawi ara (ur nesεi ara) asemmad usrid: Md: Amyag rwel----awtul yerwel. Amyag azzel---aydi yettazzal. Tamawt: Llan yemyagen i izemren ad ilin si tama, d isenvanen, si tama nniven, d irsenvanen: Md: Yegzem webrid Amyag gzem d arsenvan (Amatar udmawan ye d ubdir). 35

30 AMYAG Timeéra d tal$iwin: Llant smuset tmeéra: Yegzem wedfel abrid Amyag gzem d asenvan (Amatar udmawan ye d ameggay). o Izri: Izri yemmal ayen yezrin ifukk, md: yeffe$, temmut, ne$ra. o Urmir: Urmir yemmal tigawt taêerfit, md: ad yeffe$, ad temmet, ad n$er. o Urmir ussid: Urmir ussid yemmal tigawt yettalsen ne$ tanumi, md: iteffe$, la tettmettat, neqqar. o Anav: Anav yemmal asendeh (tasunva) $ef tigawt taêerfit, md: ff$et, ddu, $remt. o Anav ussid: Anav ussid yemmal asendeh $ef tigawt yettalsen ne$ tanumi, md: teff$et, teddu, qqaremt. Tafelwit n tmeéra: Tableau des aspects Ha-tt-a tfelwit n tmeéra s imedyaten : Timeéra Ilaw ibaw Ama$un ilaw ibaw Izri tlemvev ur telmidev ilemden ur nelmid ara ara Urmir ad tlemvev ara ilemden Urmir ussid tlemmvev ur tlemmdev ara ilemmden ur nlemmed ara 36

31 AMYAG Anav Anav ussid Ama$un: lmed lemmed ur lemmed ara Tella yiwet tal$a ur nfetti ara neqqar-as ama$un. Ama$un maççi d timeéri xas akken tebva $ef 3 yeêricen ilmend unamek : Ama$un n yezri: yeff$en, yeddan, ye$ran. Ama$un n wurmir: ara yeff$en, ara yeddun, ara ye$ren. Ama$un n wurmir ussid : iteff$en, iteddun, yeqqaren. Tasemlilt: Synthèse -Urmir d wanav ur sεin ara tal$a tibawt. -Anav d wanav ussid ur sεin ara ama$un. -Yal ama$un yevvafar timeéri-s. Amatar uma$un: L affixe du participe Amatar uma$un ilaw n yemyagen imugna deg-s sin yeêricen: y(i) di tazwara, n di taggara. Amatar uma$un ibaw deg-s kan n di tazwara. a. ilaw: i(y) n md: ilulen, yuran Tal$a n wudem 3.sf + n. b. ibaw: ur n md: ur nlul, ur nuri Tal$a n wudem 1.gt. Amatar uma$un n yemyagen n t$ara, deg yezri d n di taggara n tal$a-s tilawt d tazwara n tal$a-s tibawt: a. ilaw: n 37

32 AMYAG md: mellulen tal$a n wudem 3.sf.m + en. b. ibaw: ur n md: ur nmellul n + tal$a n wudem 1.gt. Taggayin n yemyagen: Les groupes des verbes Nezmer ad nebvu imyagen ilmend n tal$a n wussid-nsen (anav ussid d wurmir ussid). S wakka ad naf smuset taggayin i yerzan ama imyagen iluganen ama irluganen. èer tafelwit-a: TAGGAYIN Taggayt ta 1 ut -s tussda n tergalt I M E D Y A T E N IMYAGEN IMYAGEN ILUGANEN IRLUGANEN sni / senni rnu / rennu Taggayt ta 2 ant -s tmerna umatar n wussid if / ttif all / ttall Taggayt ta 3 ant -s temlellit Taggayt ta 4 ant -s temlellit d tussda n tergalt Taggayt ta 5 ant -s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid ssekcem/ssekcam sserwu/sserway gen / ggan mel / mmal susem / ttsusum seggem/ttseggim Tasureft: -Tasureft tettili s tussda n tergalt d tmerna umatar n wussid eg/tegg. Tasureft deg-s kan yiwen wemyag (eg), ur yessefk ara ad d-nini d taggayt s timmad-is. 38

33 AMYAG UDMAWEN: LES PERSONNES Llan krav (3) wudmawen, yal wa ila amqim-is udmawan: 1. Win yettmeslayen : Nekk, nekkni, nekkenti. 2. Win iwumi ttmeslayen: Keçç, kemm, kunwi, kunemti. 3. Win i$ef ttmeslayen (yettwabdaren): Netta, nettat, nitni, nitenti. Tamawt: Udem d ameskil seg mi yezmer ad yesεu: asuf, asget, amalay d wunti. er wudmawen-a, ad d-rnun sin wudmawen uddisen. Udem uddis ur yesεi ara amqim udmawan ilelli i t-yemmalen maca zdin deg-s sin wudmawen: Uddis amalay Azal-is: Nekkni ne$ nekkenti d kunwi. Uddis unti Azal-is: Nekkni ne$ nekkenti d kunemti. Imataren udmawanen: Les affixes personnels Amatar udmawan d isekkilen i d-irennun, di tseftit, di tazwara d taggara n wemyag; yemmal-d anwa udem wi$er yefti wemyag. md: yufeg y = netta 3.sf. m ufant nt = nitenti 3. gt. Nt Tamawt: Amatar udmawan n wudem uddis yegber sin imataren zdin: Nessnet (n ) d ( t) 1gt+2gt.m 39

34 AMYAG Nessnemt (n ) d ( mt) 1gt+2gt.nt Tafelwit n wudmawen : UDMAWEN IMQIMEN IMATAREN UDMAWANEN IZRI+URMIR+URMIR USSID 1.sf nekk $ 2.sf keçç t v 2.gt.nt kemm 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt netta nettat i, y t gt.m nekkni n gt.nt nekkenti 2.gt.m kunwi t m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt ds.m ds.nt kunemti nitni nitenti t mt n nt n t n mt Timawin: 1-Amatar udmawan 3.sf.m, yettili : i : zdat yiwet tergalt, md: ibedd, itett, imuqel. ye: zdat snat tergalin ne$ zdat tergalt tussidt, md: yensa, yeddem. y: zdat te$ri, md: yuli, (ad) yaf, (ad) yini. 2- Nrennu ti$ri e : a- I umatar udmawan n tazwara, ma yebda ufeggag s snat tergalin: kcem / t.kcem, n.kcem tekcem, nekcem. b- I umatar udmawan n taggara, ma yekfa ufeggag s tergalt: kcem / kecme$, tkecmem, tkecmemt, nkecmet, nkecmemt. 40

35 AMYAG lal / lulen, lulent, tlulem, tlulemt. 3- Di kra tmeslayin, deg wanav d wanav ussid, amatar udmawan 2.gt.m (kunwi), yettili di tal$a nniven ( m), md: arum - ttarum, lemdem - lemmdem, azzlem - ttazzalem. Izri n yemyagen n t$ara: Prétérit des verbes de qualité: Di tseftit $er yezri, imataren udmawanen n yemyagen n t$ara mgaraden $ef wid n yemyagen imugna. Ha-ten-aya: 1. sf : $ 2. sf : v 3. sf.m: sf.nt : t 1.gt: it 2.gt.m: it 2.gt.nt: it 3.gt.m: it 3.gt.nt: it ds.m: it ds.nt: it Tasemlilt: Synthèse Deg yezri n yemyagen n t$ara, imataren udmawanen ttilin kan di taggara. Udem a3an asuf amalay ur yesεi ara amatar udmawan. Tettili kan yiwet tal$a n wesget, amatar-is udmawan d it. Kra n tseftay: Quelques conjugaisons Timawin: 1- Di kra tmeslayin, ulac amgired ger tseftit n wemyag n t$ara d tin n wemyag amagnu. 2- Llan yemyagen n t$ara i ilan taseftit am tin n yemyagen imugna: lhu, cbeê. IBRIK IFSUS IHRIW UZUR IWSIR IWRI 41

36 AMYAG berrike$ berrikev berrik berriket Fessuse$ fessusev fessus fessuset Berrikit Fessusit hrawit zurit wessrit werra$it Udmawen uddisen: Les personnes composées Di tmeslayt n yal ass, sseqdacen aîas Imazi$en (lad$a Leqbayel), snat tal$iwin: azal n yal yiwet deg-sent d sin wudmawen n wesget 1.gt + 2.gt.m + nt: a-udem uddis amalay: 1.gt + 2. gt.m -Ad nkecmet = Ad nekcem (nekkni) + ad tkecmem (kunwi). b-udem uddis unti: 1.gt + 2.gt.nt -Ad nkecmet = Ad nekcem (nekkni ne$ nekkenti) + Ad tkecmemt (kunemti). TAL A TIBAWT: LA FORME NEGATIVE hrawe$ hrawev hraw hrawet zure$ zurev zur zuret wessre$ wessrev wesser wessret Tettili tal$a tibawt s tmerna umernu n tibawt i wemyag. werra$e$ werra$ev werra$ werra$et Imedyaten: Tal$a tilawt Yura unelmad taseddart. Yessen wegdud amezruy-is. ççan swan. Tal$a tibawt Ur yuri ara unelmad taseddart. Ur yessin ara wegdud amezruy-is. Ur ççin ur swin. Timawin: 1-Urmir d wanav ulac $ur-sen tal$a tibawt. 2-Deg wanav ussid d wurmir ussid, tal$a tibawt am tal$a tilawt. 42

37 AMYAG Ttagmet Ur ttagmet ara Tettaggmem Ur tettagmem ara Amgired ger yezri ilaw d yezri ibaw: Irrégularité entre le prétérit positif et le prétérit négatif Deg waîas yemyagen, yettili wemgired ger snat tal$iwin n yezri, tilawt d tibawt. Yettili deg wudmawen akk ne$ deg wudmawen n wesget d wudem a3an asuf amalay d wunti. Amgired deg wudmawen akk: Irrégularité à toutes les personnes Amedya n tseftit: 1.sf:bedre$ (ur) bdire$ 2.sf:tbedrev (ur) tebdirev 3.sf.m:yebder (ur) yebdir 3.sf.nt:tebder (ur) tebdir 1.gt:nebder (ur) nebdir 2.gt.nt:tbedrem (ur) tebdirem 2.gt.m:bedren (ur) bdiren 3.gt.nt:bedrent (ur) bdirent ds.m:nbedret (ur) nebdiret ds.nt:nbedremt (ur) nebdiremt Tal$iwin nniven bder / bder bdir kker / kker kkir mseglu/mseglu msegla adef / adef udif idir / idir ddir 3.gt.m: tbedremt (ur)tebdiremt b-amgired deg wudmawen akk, anagar deg wudmawen 1.2.sf: Amedya ntseftit: 2.gt.nt: tebramt (ur) tebrimt 1.sf: bri$ (ur) bri$ 3.gt.m: bran (ur) brin 2.sf: tebriv (ur) tebriv 3.gt.nt: brant (ur) brint 3.sf.m: yebra (ur) yebri ds.m: nebrat (ur) nebrit 3.sf.nt: tebra (ur) tebri ds.nt: nebramt (ur) nebrimt 1.gt: nebra (ur) nebri Tal$iwin nniven: 2.gt.m: tebram (ur) tebrim bru / bra bri 43

38 AMYAG sel / sla sli zzu / zza zzi ekk / kka kki ri / ra ri azu / uza uzi af / ufa ufi ili / ila ili mel / mla mli els / lsa lsi eg / ga gi Tamawt: Deg yemyagen iswa$en d yettwa$en, d yemyagen n t$ara, izri ibaw am yezri ilaw. Sselmed nesselmed = (ur) nesselmed. Ttubeddel yettubeddel = (ur) yettubeddel. Imsus messus = (ur) messus. Tizel$iwin n tnila: Les particules de direction «D» d «n» d tizel$iwin n tnila, mmalent ani$er terra tigawt. Di snat yid-sent teqqnent s tjerrivt n tuqqna:: -d: $er win yettmeslayen. -n: $er win iwumi ttmeslayen ne$ $er wemkan i d-yettwabedren ne$ $er din. Tettili tzel$a n tnila zdat wemyag ne$ deffir-s: 1-Zdat wemyag: Devant le verbe Tettili tzel$a n tnila zdat wemyag ma tella tzel$a n yimal ne$ umiran ne$ ma yella umernu n tibawt ne$ amqim amassa$ :: Anav ussid: Ur d-ttaru ara tibratin. Izri: Ur d-yuri ara tibratin. Urmir: Ad d-yaru tabrat. 44

39 AMYAG Urmir ussid: La d-yettaru tibratin. Ama$un: D netta i d-yuran tabrat. 2-Deffir wemyag: Derrière le verbe Tettili tzel$a n tnila deffir wemyag ma ulac tizel$iwin, amernu n tibawt d wemqim amassa$ :: Anav: Aru-d tibratin. Anav ussid: Ttaru-d tibratin. Izri: Yura-d tibratin. Urmir: Awev kan, taruv-d tabrat. Urmir ussid: Yettaru-d tibratin. Timawin: 1-Imyagen n t$ara ur seεεun ara tazel$a n tnila: Yella: izwi$- isliw- im$ur. Maca ulac: izwi$-d, isliw-d, im$ur-d. 2-S umata, deffir wuddiden n wemyag, tizel$iwin n tnila d, n ttu$alent d: id, in. md: Ddem-as-t-id. Awi-as-t-in. 3- Llant tzel$iwin n tnila nniven, teqqnent $er wesnekdan : éer asnekdan. 45

40 AMYAG KRA IZUMAL N TSEFTIT: QUELQUES MODELES DE CONJUGAISON S E L Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW sli$ tesliv yesla tesla nesla teslam teslamt slan slant neslat neslamt IZRI IBAW ur sli$ ur tesliv ur yesli ur tesli ur nesli ur teslim ur teslimt ur slin ur slint ur neslit ur neslimt URMIR ad sle$ ad teslev ad isel ad tsel ad nsel ad teslem ad teslemt ad slen ad slent ad neslet ad neslemt URMIR USSID selle$ tsellev isell tsell nsell tsellem tsellemt sellen sellent nsellet nsellemt AMA UN yeslan ur nesli ara yeslen isellen (ur nsel) ANAV sel slet slemt 46

41 AMYAG ANAV USSID sell sellet sellemt AF Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tmerna umatar n wussid. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW ufi$ tufiv yufa tufa nufa tufam tufamt ufan ufant nufat nufamt IZRI IBAW ur ufi$ ur tufiv ur yufi ur tufi ur nufi ur tufim ur tufimt ur ufin ur ufint ur nufit ur nufimt URMIR ad afe$ ad tafev ad yaf ad taf ad naf ad tafem ad tafemt ad afen ad afent ad nafet ad nafemt URMIR USSID ttafe$ tettafev yettaf tettaf nettaf tettafem tettafemt ttafen ttafent nettafet nettafemt AMA UN Yufan ur nufi ara yafen yettafen (ur nettaf) ANAV af afet ttafet ANAV USSID ttaf ttafet ttafemt 47

42 AMYAG S N I Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt. IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW URMIR URMIR USSID Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt sni$ tesniv yesni tesni nesni tesnim tesnimt snin snint nesnit nesnimt ur sni$ ur tesniv ur yesni ur tesni ur nesni ur tesnim ur tesnimt ur snin ur snint ur nesnit ur nesnimt ad sni$ ad tesniv ad yesni ad tesni ad nesni ad tesnim ad tesnimt ad snin ad snint ad nesnit ad nesnimt senni$ tsenniv isenni tsenni nsenni tsennim tsennimt sennin sennint nsennit nsennimt AMA UN yesnin ur nesni ara yesnin isennin (ur nsenni) ANAV sni snit snimt ANAV Senni sennit sennimt USSID 48

43 AMYAG I F Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s tmerna umatar n wussid. IMQIMEN IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW URMIR URMIR USSID Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti ife$ tifev yif tif nif tifem tifemt ifen ifent ur ife$ ur tifev ur yif ur tif ur nif ur tifem ur tifemt ur ifen ur ifent ad ife$ ad tifev ad yif ad tif ad nif ad tifem ad tifemt ad ifen ad ifent ttife$ tettifev yettif tettif nettif tettifem tettifemt ttifen ttifent AMA UN Yifen ur nif ara yifen yettifen (ur nettif) ANAV if ifet ifemt ANAV USSID ttif ttifet ttifemt 49

44 AMYAG SSIWEL Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW URMIR ssawle$ tessawlev yessawel tessawel ur ssawle$ ur tessawlev ur yessawel ur tessawel ad ssiwle$ ad tessiwlev ad yessiwel ad tessiwel nessawel ur nessawel ad nessiwel tessawlem ur tessawlem ad tessiwlem tessawlemt ur tessawlemt ad tessiwlemt ssawlen ur ssawlen ad ssiwlen ssawlent ur ssawlent ad ssiwlent nessawlet ur nessawlet ad nessiwlet nessawlemt ur nessawlemt ad nessiwlemt URMIR USSID ssawale$ tessawalev yessawal tessawal nessawal tessawalem tessawalemt ssawalen ssawalent nessawalet nessawalemt AMA UN Yessawlen ur nessawel ara yessiwlen yessawalen (ur nessawal) ANAV ANAV USSID ssiwel ssiwlet ssiwlemt ssawal ssawalet ssawalemt 50

45 AMYAG D E L Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tussda n tergalt. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW dli$ tedliv yedla tedla nedla tedlam tedlamt dlan dlant nedlat nedlamt IZRI IBAW ur dli$ ur tedliv ur yedli ur tedli ur nedli ur tedlim ur tedlimt ur dlin ur dlint ur nedlit ur nedlimt URMIR ad dle$ ad tedlev ad idel ad tdel ad ndel ad tedlem ad tedlemt ad dlen ad dlent ad nedlet ad nedlemt URMIR USSID ddale$ teddalev yeddal teddal neddal teddalem teddalemt ddalen ddalent neddalet neddalemt AMA UN yedlan ur nedli ara yedlen yeddalen (ur neddal) ANAV del dlet dlemt ANAV ddal ddalet ddalemt USSID 51

46 AMYAG SSEKCEM Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit. IZRI ILAW sskecme$ tesskecmev yessekcem tessekcem nessekcem tesskecmem tesskecmemt sskecmen sskecment nesskecmet nesskecmemt IZRI IBAW ur sskecme$ ur tesskecmev ur yessekcem ur tessekcem ur nessekcem ur tesskecmem ur tesskecmemt ur sskecmen ur sskecment ur nesskecmet ur nesskecmemt URMIR URMIR USSID ad sskecme$ ad tesskecmev ad yessekcem ad tessekcem ssekcame$ tessekcamev yessekcam tessekcam ad nessekcem nessekcam ad tesskecmem tessekcamem ad tesskecmemt tessekcamemt ad sskecmen ssekcamen ad sskecment ssekcament ad nesskecmet nessekcamet ad neskecmemt nessekcamemt Yesskecmen ur nessekcem ara yesskecmen yessekcamen (ur nessekcam) ssekcem sskecmet sskecmemt ssekcam ssekcamet ssekcamemt 52

47 AMYAG G E N Amyag alugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tussda n tergalt. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW gne$ tegnev igen tgen ngen tegnem tegnemt gnen gnent negnet negnemt IZRI IBAW ur gne$ ur tegnev ur igen ur tgen ur ngen ur tegnem ur tegnemt ur gnen ur gnent ur negnet ur negnemt URMIR ad gne$ ad tegnev ad igen ad tgen ad ngen ad tegnem ad tegnemt ad gnen ad gnent ad negnet ad negnemt URMIR USSID ggane$ tegganev yeggan teggan neggan tegganem tegganemt gganen gganent negganet negganemt AMA UN yegnen ur ngen ara yegnen yegganen (ur neggan) ANAV gen gnet gnemt ANAV ggan gganet gganemt USSID 53

48 AMYAG GGALL Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW ggulle$ teggullev yeggull teggull neggull teggullem teggullemt ggullen ggullent neggullet neggullemt IZRI IBAW ur ggulle$ ur teggullev ur yeggull ur teggull ur neggull ur teggullem ur teggullemt ur ggullen ur ggullent ur neggullet ur neggullemt URMIR ad ggalle$ ad teggallev ad yeggall ad teggall ad neggall ad teggallem ad teggallemt ad ggalen ad ggallent ad neggallet ad neggallemt URMIR USSID ttgalla$ tettgallav yettgalla tettgalla nettgalla tettgallam tettgallamt ttgallan ttgallant nettgallat nettgallamt AMA UN yeggullen ur neggull ara yeggallen yettgallan (ur nettgalla) ANAV ggall ggallet ggallemt ANAV ttgalla ttgallat ttgallamt USSID 54

49 AMYAG BUDD Amyag alugan. Ussid-is : s temlellit d tmerna umatar n wussid. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW IZRI IBAW budde$ tbuddev ibudd tbudd ur budde$ ur tbuddev ur ibudd ur tbudd nbudd ur nbudd tbuddem ur tbuddem tbuddemt ur tbuddemt budden ur budden buddent ur buddent nbuddet ur nbuddet nbuddemt ur nbuddemt URMIR ad budde$ ad tbuddev ad ibudd ad tbudd ad nbudd ad tbuddem ad tbuddemt ad budden ad buddent ad nbuddet ad nbuddemt URMIR USSID ttbuddu$ tettbudduv yettbuddu tettbuddu nettbuddu tettbuddum tettbuddumt ttbuddun ttbuddunt nettbuddut nettbuddumt AMA UN Ibudden ur nbudd ara ibudden yettbuddun (ur nettbuddu) ANAV budd buddet buddemt ANAV ttbuddu ttbuddut ttbuddumt USSID 55

50 AMYAG E G Amyag arlugan. Ussid-is: s tussda n tergalt d tmerna umatar n wussid. IMQIMEN Nekk Keçç Netta Nettat Nekkni Kunwi Kunemti Nitni Nitenti Ds.m Ds.nt IZRI ILAW gi$ tgiv iga tga nga tgam tgamt gan gant ngat ngamt IZRI IBAW ur gi$ ur tgiv ur igi ur tgi ur ngi ur tgim ur tgimt ur gin ur gint ur ngit ur ngimt URMIR ad ge$ ad tgev ad yeg ad teg ad neg ad tgem ad tgemt ad gen ad gent ad nget ad ngemt URMIR USSID tegge$ tetteggev itegg tettegg ntegg tetteggem tetteggemt teggen teggent ntegget nteggemt AMA UN Igan ur ngi ara igen iteggen (ur ntegg) ANAV eg get gemt ANAV tegg tegget teggemt USSID 56

51 AMYAG Ilugan n tseftit: Règles de conjugaison 1-Tettili te$ri e di tazwara n wemyag, ma ur telli deg-s te$ri nniven. Nettaf aya anagar di tal$a taêerfit ne$ deg wudem wis 2 n wasuf, deg wanav.. Imedyaten: eks, eg, ekk, ens, enz, err, ers. 2-Weroin ad tili te$ri e di taggara n wemyag ne$ n wawal nniven. 3-Trennu te$ri e $er umatar udmawan n tazwara, ma yebda ufeggag s snat n tergalin. Imedyaten: bder / yebder, tebder, nebder. -Trennu te$ri e $er umatar udmawan n taggara ma yekfa ufeggag n wemyag s tergalt. Imedyaten: bder/ bedre$, tbedrev, tbedrem, tbedremt. 57

52 AMYAG 4-Trennu te$ri e $er umatar uma$un n tazwara ma yebda ufeggag n wemyag s snat tergalin (éer alugen3). Imedyaten: yerwan, (ara) yerwun, yettazzalen, yelsan. -Trennu $er umatar uma$un n taggara ma yekfa ufeggag s tergalt (éer alugen 3). Imedyaten: ikecmen, yettanfen, yettazzalen, imuqlen. 5-Amatar n wussid d: tt, tte, te: -Yettili d tt, zdat te$ri ne$ yiwet tergalt : md: af / ttaf, herri /ttherri, bedd / ttbedda. -Yettili d tte, zdat snat tergalin: md: fruri / ttefruri, zmumeg / ttezmumug. -Yettili d te, zdat tergalt tussidt : md: ddu / teddu, kker / tekker, eg / tegg. 6-Amatar n wussid te, mi ara yemlil d umatar udmawan n tazwara t, yettu$al d tte. Imedyaten: 2.sf: (ad) tekkrev / tettekkrev, (ad) tedduv / tettedduv, (ad) tekkev / tettekkev, (ad) tgev / tetteggev. 3.sf.nt: (ad) tekker / tettekker, (ad) teddu / tetteddu, 58

53 AMYAG (ad) tekk / tettekk, (ad) teg / tettegg. 2.gt.m: (ad) tekkrem / tettekkrem, (ad) teddum / tetteddum, (ad) tekkem / tettekkem, (ad) tgem / tetteggem. 2.gtnt: (ad) tekkremt / tettekkremt, (ad) teddumt/ tetteddumt, (ad) tekkemt / tettekkemt, (ad) tgemt / tetteggemt. 7-Ma irennu umatar n wussid zdat tergalt tussidt tettekkes tussda. Imedyaten: ggall / ttgalla, nnerni / ttnerni, mmekti-d / ttmekti-d. 8-Deg wemgired ger yezri ilaw d yezri ibaw, tettili-d temlellit n te$ri n taggara s te$ri n tibawt i. Ti$ri i d ti$ri n tibawt. Imedyaten: yeddem ur yeddim yufeg ur yufig yerna ur yerni 9-Ussid n yemyagen iswa$en d yettwa$en s ttu, ttw (a), yettili kan s temlellit. Imedyaten: ssifeg / ssafag, sgen / sgan, sselhu / sselhay. 59

54 AMYAG ttucemmet / ttucemmat, ttwakkes / ttwakkas, ttwawi / ttwaway. 10-Anav d wurmir ne$ anav ussid d wurmir ussid, ttemgaraden kan deg umatar udmawan. ANAV URMIR ANAV USSID URMIR USSID Aru taruv ttaru tettaruv Arut tarum ttarut tettarum Arumt tarumt ttarumt tettarumt 11-Di tal$a tussidt i d-yettilin s tussda n tergalt, d targalt ta2ant i itessden, yalass. Imedyaten: bder / bedder, rnu / rennu, zwi / zewwi. 12-Di tal$a tussidt i d-yettilin s temlellit d tussda n tergalt, d targalt tamezwarut i itessden, yalass. Imedyaten: gen / ggan, del / ddal, mel / mmal. 60

55 ASUDDEM IXEF III: A S U D D E M: LA DERIVATION Asuddem d asuffe$ n wawal seg wawal nniven, awal i d- yettusuddmen d awal asuddim, yettili d isem, d iglem, d amyag... Si zik ar assa, simmal ttlalen-d wawalen imaynuten, rennun-d $er umawal n tutlayt. Tarrayt tagejdant deg wesnelfu-nsen d asuddem. Seg wemyag, nessudum-d: -Ismawen: tazzla (si azzel), ameksa (si eks). -Igelman: amellal (si imlul), asellaw (si isliw). -Imyagen: ssekcem, ttwakcem, myekcam (si kcem). ISMAWEN ISUDDIMEN (IZELMAN) : LES NOMS DERIVES Ismawen isuddimen bvan $ef 03 yeêricen: ismawen n tigawt, ismawen umeggay, ismawen n wallal. 1. Isem n tigawt: Le nom d action Isem n tigawt yemmal ayen iverrun. Tal$iwin-is tigejdanin d ti: a. Asuf amalay: 61

56 ASUDDEM Masculin singulier a R R a R azdar si zder azway si zwi aféaé si feéé a R R u R affug si afeg alluy si ali a a i a u anerrur amured si mured aselmed si sselmed asemlili si ssemlil a$illi si $ill abuddu si budd anekcum si kcem i i i$imi si qqim ibeddi si bedd u i uççi si eçç u u uzu si zzu u R u R u$ud si qqed urar si urar inig si inig fad si ffad (da, tekkes tussda). b. Asget amalay: Masculin pluriel 62

57 ASUDDEM i an iraran si err-d c. Asuf unti: Féminin singulier taruri ta i ta it ta-----awt ta a tane------a ta t te ti t ti it ti i tim(e)-----iwt turrra tu t turut taguni si gen ta$uri si $er tasusmi si ssusem taduli si del talalit si lal tagallit si ggall tazedmawt si zdem tazzla si azzel tarda si irid tanekkra si kker taéayt si aéay tatut si ttu tewzel si iwzil tizegzewt si zegzew tifit si if tizelgi si zleg timesliwt si sel tuddza si ddez tuzzya si zzi tudert si idir tuzert si uzur tuéut si ééu d. asget unti: Féminin pluriel ti in 63

58 ASUDDEM tu in tifin si af tigin si eg tu$alin si u$al 2. Isem umeggay : Le nom d agent Isem umeggay yemmal win yessevran tigawt.tal$iwin-is tigejdanin d ti: amerrar anerrar amarrar arerrar arerrar ararar amurir am am a am u an(e)-----u im amekraz anelmad amakkas aselmad asemmad amaway amuvin amsuter ameksa améallu aneqqamu iminig si krez si lmed si kkes si sselmed si smed si awi si aven si ssuter si eks si ééall si qqim si inig 3. Isem n wallal: Le nom d instrument Isem n wallal yemmal ta$awsa s wayes tevra tigawt. arerrar arerrur as im(e) i R R e R ise isi areqqas akemmus asagem si rqes si kmes si agem 64

59 ASUDDEM imelwi si lwi IMYAGEN ISUDDIMEN: LES VERBES DERIVES imcev,timcevt si mcev isegni, tisegnit si gnu tisiqqest si qqes Amyag asuddim yettili d aswa$, d amya$ ne$ d attwa$. Iverru-d usuddem n yemyagen ilmend isekkilen s wayes yebda wemyag amenzu. Amyag ansi d-yekka usuddem d amyag amenzu. Imedyaten TAL A AMYAG ASUDDIM AMYAG AMENZU Aswa$ s s e lm e d l m e d Amya$ m y a f a f Attwa$ t t w a q q e s q q e s Aswa$: Le factitif Yettili usile$ n weswa$ s tmerna n yiwen seg yezwiren-a: s, ss, sse, ssu i wemyag amenzu. S wezwir ss, tezmer ad d-tili temlellit n te$ri n tazwara ne$ n taggara. AZWIR ISEKKILEN S WAYES YEBDA WEMYAG AMENZU AMYAG AMENZU AMYAG ASWA$ TAMAWT s R bedd sbedd RR nnerni snerni -Tekkes tussda. sse RR rwel sserwel 65

60 ASUDDEM Rru ddu sseddu -Amyag amenzu deg-s kan yiwet tergalt tussidt. ssu Rre ffe$ ssuffe$ ss $R ers ssers afeg ssifeg -Tella temlellit di imlul ssimlel tazwara. ilqiq ssilqeq -Tella temlellit di taggara. Amya$: Le réciproque Yettili usile$ n wemya$ s tmerna n wezwir: my, mye, myu, m. AZWIR ISEKKILEN S WAYES YEBDA WEMYAG AMENZU AMYAG AMENZU my $R aru if err AMYAG ASWA myaru myif myerr TAMAWT asem myasam -Tella temlellit. mye RR kcem myekcam -Tella temlellit. my RR zzem myuzzam -Tella temlellit. $RR issin myussan -Tella temlellit. m R nadi mnadi gaber mgabar -Tella temlellit. Attwa$: Le passif Yettili usuddem n wettwa$ slid seg yemyagen isenvanen, s tmerna n wezwir: ttu, ttwa, ttw, mm. 66

61 ASUDDEM AZWIR ISEKKILEN S WAYES YEBDA WEMYAG AMENZU AMYAG AMENZU ttu R beddel dawi mudd AMYAG ASWA ttubeddel ttudawi ttumudd ttwalmed TAMAWT ttwa RR lmed RR ddem ttwaddem ttw $R awi ttwawi azen ttwazen mm er els mmels -Tella temlellit. RR zlu mmzel err eçç mmeçç Tal$iwin tuddisin: Les formes composées G-M : R d targalt ; RR d targalt tussidt; $ d ti$ri. Llant kradet tal$iwin tuddisin: -Aswa$ n wemya$: ssemyehdar myehdar hder -Amya$ n weswa$: mselmad sselmed lmed -Attwa$ n weswa$: ttuselmed sselmed lmed 67

62 ASUDDEM Asile$ n tal$iwin tuddisin: Formation des formes composées Asile$ n tal$iwin-a tuddisin, iverru-d akken i d-iverru usile$ n tal$iwin tisuddimin tiêerfiyin. Aswa$ n wemya$ Amya$ n weswa$ Attwa$ n weswa$ AZWIR UDDIS Ssem ssemy($) my($)s Ms($) ttus($) Ttwas AMYAG AMENZU wali hder bedd nger lmed bedd TAL A TASUDDIMT TAËERFIT mwali myehdar sbedd ssenger sselmed sbedd TAL A TASUDDIMT TUDDIST ssemwali ssemyehdar myesbedd msengar ttuselmed ttwasbedd Tamawt: Attwa$ ur d-nesuddum ara seg-s tal$a tuddist. Asekkil ($) yemmal ti$ri. Tarrayt usile$ n yemyagen isuddimen: Procédé de formation des verbes dérivés Akken i d-nezwar awal, s umata, asile$ n yemyagen isuddimen yevvafar isekkilen imezwura si tama, si tama nniven yezmer ad yili wassa$ d wemvan n tsawalin i ila wemyag amenzu ne$ amyag ansi ara d-yili usuddem: 68

63 ASUDDEM Asuddem n weswa$: s -Zdat yiwet tergalt, yiwet tsawalt [gen-sgen] -Zdat yiwet tergalt iwumi tekkes tussda, aîas tsawalin [dder$el-sder$el] sse ssu ssi ss -Zdat snat tergalin [msed-ssemsed] -Zdat tergalt tussidt, yiwen imesli [ttu-ssettu] -Zdat tergalt tussidt, yiwet tsawalt, sin imesla [îîev-ssuîîev] -Zdat te$ri a n wemyag amagnu, tamlellit s te$ri i [afeg-ssifeg] -Zdat te$ri i, tamlellit n te$ri ta2ant deg wemyag n t$ara [imlul-ssimlel] -Zdat te$ri e [els-ssel Asuddem n wemya$: m mye myu -Zdat yiwet tergalt [nadi-mnadi] mm my -Zdat snat tergalin, ugar n yiwet tsawalt, tamlellit [kcem-myekcam] -Zdat tergalt tussidt [ttu-myettu] 69

64 ASUDDEM -Zdat te$ri e, yiwet tsawalt [en$-mmen$] -Zdat te$ri a, i, u [awi-myawi, ini-myini, u$al-myu$al] -Zdat te$ri yezwaren targalt tussidt, tamlellit [issin-myussan] Asuddem n wettwa$: ttu ttwa ttw -Zdat yiwet tergalt [beddel-ttubeddel] -Zdat snat tergalin [zde$-ttwazde$] -Zdat tergalt tussidt [ddem-ttwaddem] -Zdat te$ri [a$-ttwa$] ASUDDEM IGELMAN: LA DERIVATION D ADJ. QUALIFICATIFS S wudem amatu, yettili-d usuddem igelman seg yemyagen. Si tama nniven nettêulfu d akken yessefk ad yettunefk wazal i usuddem-nsen seg yismawen. Tal$iwin tigejdanin: Les formes principales 1-Asuddem seg wemyag: La dérivation verbale a an u R R i R ame u u R R i R anerraru 70

65 ASUDDEM arerrir arerrar arrarar arerrar a R R a R im ariran aéivan aruran azuran arerrran---- ameqqran arerran azedgan arraran ahrawan ubrin uddiz amerru amerku amerrerru-- ameqqersu amerraru---- amezwaru amerraru---- amellaéu aneqqaru aderwic azegzaw aftatas asellaw awra$ imseggem 2-Asuddem seg yisem: La dérivation nominale a an adelsan ams(e) amsedrar arurrir a$urbiz Awal $ef usuddem seg yisem: A propos de la dérivation nominale Akken nwala deg ufella, yettili usuddem ula seg yismawen. Xas ur teggit ara tarrayt-a, tezmer ad tili, deg yimal, d yiwen wallal s wazal-is, i wesnelfi d wesnerni n tutlayt-nne$ am di tutlayin nniven n umaval. Abrid yenjer i waya mi ara néer imedyaten-a: a-asuddem seg yisem amatu: Dérivation du nom commun iglem: a$urbiz a$erbaz, agdudan agdud. 71

66 ASUDDEM amyag: ssiwel awal b-asuddem seg yisem uzzig: Dérivation du nom propre isem : Atunsi Tunes, Afransis Fransa. iglem : Agdud Atunsi Tunes. amyag: Ttumaze$ Tamazi$t. IXEF IV: IMQIMEN 72

67 IMQIMEN LES PRONOMS S wudem amatu, amqim yettili deg wadeg n yisem.yezmer ad yesεu akk tal$iwin-is (amvan, tawsit, addad) d twuriwin-is (d asemmad: usrid, arusrid, agucclan, anez$an.). Llant smuset (05) taggayin n yemqimen: Imqimen udmawanen: Les pronoms personnels Imqimen udmawanen ttilin d ilelliyen (nekk, netta.) ne$ d uddiden «iwsilen» (fkan-as-ten). Uddiden teqqnen s tjerrivt n tuqqna, $er wemyag, $er yisem, $er tenze$t, $er usestan, ne$ $er wesnekdan. Imqimen imeskanen: Les pronoms démonstratifs Imqimen imeskanen skanen-d kra (amdan, ta$awsa ne$ a$ersiw). Ttilin d ilelliyen ne$ d uddiden. Imqimen irbuda: Les proroms indéfinis Llan yemqimen irbuda i yesεan amvan d tewsit: d imeskilen (wayev, tayev ), wiyev ur sεin ara: d irmeskilen (kra). Imqimen isestanen (imattaren): Les pronoms interrogatifs Imqimen isestanen, tbeddu yis-sen tsestant tamurant: Anta i imeslen tabuqalt-a? Imqimen imassa$en: Les pronoms relatifs 73

68 IMQIMEN Imqimen imassa$en, yis-sen i yettili usile$ isumar imùsental imassa$en. èer aêric n tseddast. Imqimen udmawanen: Les pronoms personnels a- Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen: Pronoms personnels libres (autonomes) UDEM AMQIM UDEM AMQIM 1.sf nekk 1.gt.m 1.gt.nt nekkni nekkenti 2.sf 2.sf.nt keçç kemm 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt kunwi kunemti 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt netta nettat 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt nitni nitenti Timawin: 1-Udmawen 1.sf, 2.sf.m + nt, $ur-sen snat tal$iwin: -Tal$a tawezzlant: nekk, keç, kem. -Tal$a ta$ezzfant: nekkini, keççini, kemmini. 2-Imqimen n wesget, nezmer ad ten-naf $ef tal$a-a: kenwi, kennemti, nutni, nutenti. b- Imqimen udmawanen uddiden (iwsilen): 74

69 IMQIMEN Pronoms personnels affixes b1-uddiden (iwsilen) n yisem: Affixes du nom UDEM 1.sf 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt 1.gt.m 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt DEFFIR TE RI -w -k -m -s -s DEFFIR TE RI D DEFFIR TERGALT -inu -nnek -nnem -nnes -nnes -nne$ -nte$ -nwen -nwent -nsen -nsent DEFFIR TERGALT -iw -ik -im -is -is UDDIDEN N YISEM N TIMMAREWT -- -k -m -s -s -tne$ -tente$ -twen -went -tsen -tsen Timawin: 1- Tikwal, uddiden n yisem ttilin d unsiren di tefyirt, ma ur qqinen ara $er wawal i ttgucculen: Nne$ tmurt-a. Nnes we mam-nni. 2- Uddiden n yisem: nnek, nnem, nnes, nne$ yegget usemres-nsen di tuget n tmeslayin, di Tcawit, di Tmahe$t, di Teqbaylit, di Teméabt. b2-uddiden (iwsilen) n wemyag: Affixes du verbe 75

70 IMQIMEN UDEM 1.sf 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt 1.gt.m 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt USRID deffir te$ri deffir tergalt -yi -iyi -k -ik -kem -ikem -t -it -tt -itt -ane$, a$ -ante$ -ken -kent -ten -tent -ane$, a$ -ante$ -iken -ikent -iten -itent ARUSRID -iyi, yi -ak -am -as -as -ane$, ne$ -ante$ -awen -awent -asen -asent Tamawt: Zdat wemyag, uddid n wemyag (1- gt.m) yettili d a$ ne$ yettu$al d a$en, maca weroin d ane$ : Yemla-ane$ Ad a$en-imel. Ad a$-imel. Ad ane$ imel. UDEM A B C 76

71 IMQIMEN 1.sf 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt 3.sf.m 3.sf.nt 1.gt.m 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m -i -k -m -s -s -ne$ -nte$ -wen -went -sen 3.gt.nt -sent b3-uddiden (iwsilen) n tenze$t: Affixes de préposition -i -ak -am -as -as -a$,-ane$ -ante$ -awen -awent -asen -asent -i -ak -am -as -as -atne$ -ante$ -atwen -atwent -atsen -atsent Tamawt: A: D uddiden yerzan tinza$: deg, seg, $ur, yid, nnig, zdat, yis, deffir, s nnig, s deffir, s zdat. B: d uddiden yerzan tinza$: fell, gar. D: d uddiden yerzan tinza$: ddaw, s ddaw. 77

72 IMQIMEN b4- Uddiden usestan: Affixes d interrogatifs UDEM 1.sf. 2.sf.m 2.sf.nt. 3.sf.m. 3.sf.nt. 1.gt.m. 1.gt.nt 2.gt.m 2.gt.nt 3.gt.m 3.gt.nt U S R I D E N DEFFIR DEFFIR TE RI TERGALT Annect-iyi? Annect-ik? Annect-ikem? Annect-it? Annect-itt? Acu-i? Acu-k? Acu-kem? Acu-t? Acu-tt? Acu-ane$(a$)? Acu-ante$? Acu-ken? Acu-kent? Acu-ten? Acu-tent? Annect-ane$(a$)? Annect-ante$? Annect-iken? Annect-ikent? Annect-iten? Annect-itent? IRUSRIDEN Acu-iyi-t? Acu-ak-t? Acu-am-t? Acu-as-t? Acu-as-t? Acu-ane$(a$)-t? Acu-ante$-t? Acu-awen-t? Acu-awent-t? Acu-asen-t? Acu-asent-t? ds.m+nt Acu-ane$(a$)? Annect-ane$(a$)? Acu-ane$(a$)-t? Tamawt: Uddiden usestan am wuddiden n wemyag, ama di tal$a ama di twuri: llan wusriden, llan irusriden. IMQIMEN IRBUDA, IMESKANEN D ISESTANEN: Imqimen irbuda: Les pronoms indéfinis Irbuda imeskilen seεεun aîas tal$iwin: wayev, tayev, wiyev, tiyev, yiwen, yiwet, winnat, tinnat. Kra n yerbuda d irmeskilen seεεun kan yiwet tal$a: kra, yal, akk, acemma. 78

73 IMQIMEN Imqimen imeskanen: Les pronoms démonstratifs Imqimen imeskanen bvan ilmend unamek n tallunt: tama, agugu, abdar (tibawt). Llant ddeqs tal$iwin. Uddiden imeskanen d irmeskilen. Llant kradet tal$iwin kan: a yemmal tama anelmad-a, tanelmadt-a, inelmaden-a inna yemmal agugu adrar-inna, idurar-inna nni yemmal abdar amcic-nni, imcac-nni, timcacnni IMESKANEN IRBUDA N TAMA N TUGUGT N WEBDAR Anwa wayev wa, waki winna win wayi, wagi Wihin Anta tayev ta, taki tinna tin tayi, tagi Tihin Anwi wiyev wiyiv wiyav wi, wiki wiyi, wigi wigad-inna widak-inna wikad-inna wid-wigad wikad-widak wigad-nni ISESTANEN Anti tiyev tiyiv tiyav ti, tiki tiyi, tigi tigad-inna tidak-inna tikad-inna wikad-nni tid-tigad tikad-tidak tigad-nni tidak-nni 79

74 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA IXEF V : TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA. PREPOSITIONS, CONJONCTIONS, ADVERBES. TINZA : LES PREPOSITIONS Tanze$t d awal armeskil iteqqnen asemmad $er wawal i isemmed. Tanze$t tettili srid zdat usemmad. Tinza$ d ti: n, am, i, ar, ddaw, s ddaw, nnig, s nnig, zdat, deffir, s deffir, deg (di), seg (si), ger (gar), $ef(fell), d (yid), akked, s (n wallal), s (n tnila), war (=bla). S umata, tinza$ sselkament addad amaruz, maca tinza$ ar, war, s ( n tnila), sselkament addad ilelli. Tanze$t n : Tanze$t «n» temmal ayla, tettili zdat usemmad agucclan i ibeddun s tergalt d yismawen irmeskilen n waddad. Xas yella wanida i tt-ssemrasen zdat usemmad agucclan yebdan s te$ri, yifit ma nekkes-itt anida ur twulem ara. Nettaru Mmi-s n wedrar. Tamurt n Leqbayel. Ta$erma n Iran. Tamurt Imazi$en. Asirem ufellaê. Ur nettaru ara Mmi-s wedrar. Tamurt Leqbayel. Ta$erma Iran. Tamurt n Imazi$en. Asirem n ufellaê. Tanze$t s n tnila: 80

75 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Tanze$t s n tnila, anamek-is: ani$er, nezmer ad nerr deg wadeg-is tanze$t $er. Tanze$t-a, weroin tettili zdat yisem yebdan s tergalt ne$ zdat yisem armeskil n waddad: a- Neqqar: Kcem s axxam. Neqqar:Kcem $er texxamt. Maca ur neqqar ara: Kcem s taxxamt. b- Neqqar: Yunag $er Irlanda. Maca ur neqqar ara: Yunag s Irlanda. Irlanda d isem armeskil n waddad, I (i$ri) maççi d ti$ri tamezwarut yemmalen isem amalay, acku isem-a yusa-d si tutlayt nniven, maççi d amazi$. Tanze$t s n wallal: Tanze$t s n wallal, anamek-is: s wayes.temmal ta$awsa s wayes tevra tigawt. -S wayes i yezwi azemmur? -Yezwi azemmur s umextaf. TAMSERTIT: L ASSIMILATION Tamsertit d abeddel ususru i yettilin mi ara mlilen sin imesla (sin isekkilen). Tamsertit tezmer ad tili s tenze$t i yevfer yisem (ne$ wemqim) ne$ s wemqim amassa$ d wemyag i yebdan s usekkil i ne$ y. Di temsertit, ilaq ad nqader ilugan n tjerrumt, ma dayen yerzan ta$uri ur yelli wugur ma nevfer tamsertit, ne$ tajerrumt. 1-Tanze$t d yisem: 81

76 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Préposition et nom TAMSERTIT TIRA ASUSRU n + t tt n + w bbw n + y gg n tefsut n weqcic n yexxamen ttefsut bbweqcic ggexxamen g + u ggw g + w ggw g + y gg g + i gg f + u ff f + w ff deg ufus deg webrid deg yexxamen deg iberdan $ef uvar $ef wedrar deggwfus deggwebrid deggexxamen deggberdan $effvar $effedrar m + w mm am wergaz ammergaz d + t tt teqqim d tselmadt teqqim ttselmadt Timawin: 1-Deg yismawen irmeskilen n waddad ur tettili ara temsertit, md: -Yezde$ Wilyam di Irlanda. Yusa-d Wilyam si tmurt n Irlanda. 2-Tinza$ seg, deg teggent tamsertit maca mi ara u$alent $ef tal$a di, si ur teggent ara tamsertit: TELLA TEMSERTIT ULAC TAMSERTIT Afus deg ufus seg ufus Yeqqim di taddert Yekka-d si taddert Deg igenni seg igenni Yeqqim di Islanda Yekka-d si Islanda. Deg yiles seg yiles Yeqqim di lexla Yekka-d si lexla. Deg wawal seg wawal Yeqqim di Wehran Yekka-d si Wehran. 2-Amassa$ d wemyag: 82

77 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Relatif et verbe i + i igg D Yuba i ibedden D Yuba iggbedden. i + y igg D argaz-a i yettbeddan D argaz-a iggettbeddan. 3-Tas$unt mi d wemyag: Conjonction mi et verbe mi + i igg èri$ Yuba mi ibedd èri$ Yuba miggbedd. mi + y migg èerre$-t mi yettbedda èerre$-t miggettbedda. 4-Timsertiyin nniven : Autres assimilations Zemrent ad d-ilint temsertiyin nniven, akka: a-tamsertit s tenze$t d yismawen yebdan s tergalin-a: l, m, f, r,b. -Aman n lebêer -Aéekka n Masensen -Axxam n Fu$al -Awal n Rebbi -Tamurt n baba Aman llebêer Aéekka Mmasensen. Axxam Ffu$al. Awal Rrebbi. Tamurt bbaba. b-tettili temsertit ula deg yiwen wawal ne$ ger sin wawalen s: v + t î: -Tacvavt Tacvaî -Tablavt Tablaî -Tufiv-ten? Tufiîen? c- Tamsertit s tzel$a n yimal ad d umatar udmawan: 83

78 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA ad + t tt, ad+nn -Ad tawim Attawim -Ad nawi Annawi TANèA S IMESLI Y : Tanéa s imesli y tettili mi ara mlilent snat te$ra: taneggarut n wawal d tmezwarut n wawal nniven i yeqqnen ne$ ur neqqin ara $ur-s s tjerrivt n tuqqna. Imesli y yettili kan deg ususru, ur yessefk ara ad t-naru. Ha-tent-aya tegnatin ideg tettili tanéa s imesli «y»: TAGNIT N TANèA TIRA ASUSRU Amyag d wuddidis Nenna-as. Nenna-y-as. Amyag d ara Ur as-nenni ara. Ur as-nenni-y-ara. umernu n tibawt Isem d wuddid-is Asefru-ik igerrez. Asefru-y-ik igerrez. Isem d wuddid Asefru-a ad igerrez Asefru-y-a ad igerrez. ameskan Isem d wuddid-is Tala-aki teqqur. Tala-y-aki teqqur. ameskan Asestan d wuddidis Acu-ak-t, Mêend? Acu-y-ak-t, Mêend? Tazel$a usiwel d Kker, a Amazi$. Kker, a y Amazi$. usemmad ilelli usiwel Tazel$a n yimal ara d wemyag Mi ara awve$, ad d- ssiwle$. Mi ara y awve$, ad d- ssiwle$. Tazel$a n tilawt d : 84

79 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Yalass, tzewwir isem ne$ awal i yeîîfen amkan-is, i yellan deg waddad ilelli. Deg ususru, tazel$a n tilawt d tazenza$t maca weroin tesselkam addad amaruz. Tazel$a n tilawt temgarad $ef tenze$t, yis-s i nessili$ asumer aramyagan. d + isem: D ageffur. Anamek-is: Yella ugeffur. D anelmad. Anamek-is: D acu-t. d + amqim: D winna. D netta. d + iglem: D aberkan. Anamek-is: D anwa-t. Anamek-is: D anwa-t. Anamek-is: Amek iga. d + aggay n wawalen: D tamurt Imazi$en. Anamek-is: D acu-tt. TIS UNIN : LES CONJONCTIONS Tas$unt d awal armeskil iteqqnen ger sin wawalen, sin waggayen n wawalen, ne$ sin isumar. Tis$unin n tuqqna teqqnent ger sin wawalen (ne$ aggayen n wawalen) i ilan yiwen ugama d yiwet twuri. Imedyaten:-Qqim ne$ kker. -Yexdem iv d wass. Tis$unin usentel teqqnent ger sin isumar. Yettna$ wegdud akken ad yawi tilelli-s. 85

80 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA asumer tas$unt asumer imsentel agejdan usentel as$unan Tamawt: Mi teqqnent ger sin isumar, tis$unin n tuqqna ur ssentalent ara asumer $er wayev. Isumar i teqqnent ttilin d ilelliyen ulac gar-asen agejdan., ulac win isemmden wayev. -Ad tedduv $er Draε Lmizan ne$ ad teqqimev deg wexxam. Nezmer ad d-nefk tafyirt-a, $ef tal$a nniven war ma ibeddel kra deg unamek-is: - Ad teqqimev deg wexxam ne$ ad tedduv $er Draε Lmizan. asumer ilelli asumer ilelli Tis$unin n tuqqna: Les conjonctions de coordination Tis$unin n tuqqna d ti: Abeεda, ahat, ammar, da$en, d$a, ihi, ini, la-la, lad$a, lameεna, maca, meqqar, meεna, ne$, ni$, nniqal, wamag, wannag, waqila, yerna, zi$, zi$en, zuni. Tamawt: Tikwal, «d» tettili d tas$unt n tuqqna, ur-sen tazert d uzemmur ; maca mi ara teqqen ger wemyag d wawal nniven, tettili d tanze$t, Ddant d Dihya. 86

81 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Tis$unin usentel: Les conjonctions de subordination Tis$unin usentel d ti: Acku, akken, alamma, alarmi, armi, ala, ma, asmi, ar, ar asmi, ar d, bac akken, belli, d akken, amzun, imi, i wakken, êaca ma, lemmer, limer, ma, mi, mi akken, ma drus, ma ulac, segmi, seg wakken, seg wasmi, send, skud, ulama, ulamma, xas, xas ma, xas akken, $as, $as ma. IMERNA: LES ADVERBES Amernu d awal armeskil i d-irennun di tefyirt akken ad yesmed anamek n wawal nniven (ne$ n taggayt n wawalen), s wakka yettbeddil kra deg unamek n tefyirt. Itett drus. Amernu drus isemmed anamek n wemyag eçç. èri$ drus inelmaden. Amernu drus isemmed anamek n yisem inelmaden. D ameqqran aîas. Amernu aîas isemmed anamek n yeglem ameqqran. Deg waddad amaruz yezmer ad yili ubeddel di te$ri tamezwarut umernu. Imedyaten: Aîas waîas Azekka uzekka Ivelli yivelli Tameddit tmeddit Llan aîas waggayen imerna ( n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n tesmekta, n tilawt, n tibawt, usurdu, usesten). 87

82 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Imerna n wadeg: Les adverbes de lieu Imerna n wadeg mmalen adeg (amkan): Da, daki, dayi, dagi, din, dinna, dihin, sya, syaki, syayi, syagi, syin, syinna, syihin, daxel, berra, deffir, zdat, akkin, akkina, s wadda, d akessar, d asawen, i ukessar, i usawen, yeffus, zelmev, yeffes Imerna n wakud: Les adverbes de temps Imerna n wakud mmalen akud (lweqt): Assa, assaki, assayi, assagi, azekka, sellazekka, iva, iv azeryan, azekkayen, azekka-nni, zik, tura, qabel, wabel, tikkelt, tikwal, yal ass, yalass, imira, imiren, imir-nni, ilindi, ccaw, akk ass, tameddit, tazwara, taggara, llina, seg llina, si llina, akkamira, aseggasa, aseggas nni Imerna n t$ara: Les adverbes de qualité Imerna n t$ara mmalen ta$ara, ne$ amek tverru tigawt: Akka, akken, akkagi, akkayi, akken, mezleg, mliê, timendeffirt, ti$endist, tabelhuccent, tinegnit, tidist Imerna n tesmekta: Les adverbes de quantité Imerna n tesmekta mmalen tasmekta ne$ azal (acêal): Aîas, acemma, drus, ddeqs, cwiî, ciîîeê, ciîîuê, nezzeh, ugar 88

83 TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Imerna n tilawt: Les adverbes d affirmation Imerna n tilawt ur ggiten ara: ih, s tidet Imerna n tibawt: Les adverbes de négation Imerna n tibawt mmalen tal$a tibawt: Ala, ur-ara, weroin, ur, werεad, ur-ur Imerna usurdu: Les adverbes de doute Imerna usurdu mmalen asurdu (ccekk): Ahat, wissen. Imerna isestanen: Les adverbes interrogatifs Imerna isestanen (imattaren) nesseqdac-iten i usesten (i westeqsi), yal wa d acu yemmal adeg, akud, tasmekta, ta$ara Ha-ten-aya imerna isestanen: Anida, anda, anisi, ansi, ani$er, aniwer, melmi, ar melmi, acêal, acêal aya, amek, annect Timawin: 1-Aîas imerna sεan tal$win n yisùmawen: Tikkelt, tikwal, tazwara, taggara, tameddit, timendeffirt, tinegnit, ti$endist, tidist, tabelhuccent. 2-Tikwal, izeddi uferdis kan d wayev akken ad ssil$en amernu uddis: - Imerna n tesmekta: ddeqs kan, cwiî kan, ciîîeê kan. - Imerna nt$ara: akka kan, tinegnit kan, akken kan. - Imerna n wadeg: daki kan, zdat kan, deffir kan. - Imerna n wakud: tameddit kan, tura kan, azekka kan. - Imerna usurdu: wissen kan, ahat kan. 89

84 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN IXEF VI: IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN LES NOMBRES ET LEURS DERIVES Di tutlayt Tamazi$t, llan yemvanen maca yettili kra n wemgired gar-asen, si tmeslayt $er tayev. Amgired-a yerza ama tal$a ama aéar: aîas seg-sen, kkan-d si tutlayt taεrabt. Aîas tmeslayin n watmaten-nne$ Imazi$en sseqdacent amalay d wunti ilmend usemmad n wemvan. D$a d asemmad n wemvan i yemmalen tawsit iwatan i wemvan. Deg umedya, imi argaz d amalay yessefk ad d-nini sin yergazen, maca neqqar snat tem$arin imi tawsit usemmad n wemvan d unti. Neb$a ad neεrev ad neg asurif $er zdat, deg webrid usetrer n tutlayt-nne$. Di teqbaylit, amvan d armeskil slid yiwen d sin (yiwet, snat: deg wunti), maca akken i d-nezwar awal, imvanen ur llin ara d aylanne$. Xas yettban-d wannect-a d ayen igerrzen, ara yessifessen tutlayt, yessefk ad nesmenyaf tikci n wazal i tmeslayin timazi$in nniven, am Tmahe$t ideg sseqdacen kan imvanen n Tmazi$t. Ahat ur a$-terri ara tmara akken ad d-nervel ta$awsa ma nesεa-tt. Ma yella yiwen wemvan i ur nettaf ara di tantaliwin timazi$in d izider ne$ 0. Azal-is d war tilas deg wakuden-a itraren ideg simmal tetteddu tussna $er zdat. Ur telli yiwet n ta$ult ideg ur nserr ara i izider (d amvan ne$ d azwil). Ma neéra tasenselkimt, tussnakt, tiéraf, addalen wissen ma nezmer ad neg kra deg-sen s tutlayt-nne$ tamazi$t war ma nesseqdec aferdis-a!? D ayen ibanen: ulamek, d awez$i. D tidet amvan yella maçi ur yelli ara maca amek i as-neqqar, amek i t-nessusruy? Ddeqs n watmaten d tyessetmatin-nne$ i iêulfan i wugur-a, nudan ad as-d-afen tifrat. Llan wid i as-yefkan isem ilem ma d wiyev rran-t d ulac. Ma nessaked $er inumak n sin wawalen-a, ad naf: 90

85 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN a-ilem (ilmawen, tilemt, tilmawin), yettili d iglem ne$ d isem. Iglem ilem anamek-is ulac deg-s kra, yefre$: Abuqal d ilem, tarbut d tilemt. Ma d isem ilem, deg waîas temnavin, anamek-is d yiwet t$awsa yeévan s u$anim fessren deg-s iêbuben akken ad qqaren. b-ulac d yiwen wawal uddis i d-yusan seg usumer ur yelli c (=ur yelli ara), ur-c d amernu n tibawt i yellan di Tcawit ar assa, azal-is d ur-ara n Teqbaylit. Segmi tutlayt teqqim kan akken tezga, atmaten-nne$ imusnawen, ar ass-a ur d-muqlen ara $er taluft-a; nekkni nesmenyaf yal tikkelt ad nferres abrid i d-nu$ ma nufa deg-s isennanen. Aql-ane$ ad d-neg asumer izider yebna $ef snat t$awsiwin: aéar amazi$ d tal$a tamazi$t. Aéar deg-s sin yeêricen z + dr (zzi + ader): di tal$a, 0 d imezzi ; azal-is yuder $ef yemvanen nniven ugaren-t akk. Si tama nniven deg-s aéar zdr (zder), ayen izedren d ayen yersen alamma d akessar (Yezder weéru deg waman). Tal$a n wawal izider (asget: izudar) d irirer, d yiwet n tal$a tamazi$t ara naf deg waîas yismawen: idifer, idikel, igider, iêiqel, ijifer, iziker... G-M: Asekkil R yemmal targalt. Si tama nniven, imira, ur nettaf ara igelman isuslanen di tantaliwin timazi$in, ayen ara tser tutlayt tamazi$t deg wakuden-a itraren. Amedya, di Teqbaylit tella kan yiwet tal$a wis d wunti-s tis, maca tal$iwin n wesget, ulac. Amek ara teddu tutlayt $er zdat s waya, ma ur ngi tamu$li $er tutlayin nniven. Ma nezzi $er yismawen n téunin ad naf ala yiwen i yellan: azgen. Ar melmi, ad teqqim tutlayt n Masensen deg waddad ideg tella? D asteqsi-a i a$-ideggren ad d-nnadi meqqar tazwara n tifrat imi tagnit tella. War ma nesnulfad yal ta$awsa, ad neεrev ad nebnu $ef terselt yellan. Imvanen: 91

86 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN les nombres 0-izider 10- mraw 20- snat tmerwin 1-yiwen, yan (yiwet) 11- mraw yan 30- kradet tmerwin 2-sin, sen (snat) 12- mraw sin 40- ukkuéet tmerwin 3-krad (kradet) 13- mraw krad 50-smuset tmerwin 4-ukkué (ukkuéet) 14- mraw ukkué 51- smuset tmerwin d yan 5-smus,semmus(smuset) 15- mraw smus 52- smuset tmerwin d sin 6-svis (sviset) 16- mraw svis 100-timivi 7-sa (sat) 17- mraw sa 200-snat tmav 8-îam (îamet) 18- mraw îam 203-snat tmav krad 9-téa (téat) 19- mraw téa 309-kradet tmav téa agim sin igiman krad igiman svis tmerwin semmus igiman d téa amelyun sin imelyunen (imelyan) amelyar sa imelyunen d ukkuéet tmav igiman d smuset tmav kradet tmerwin sin mraw sa imelyaren d îamet timav imelyunen Timawin: 1-Ilmend usemmad n wemvan unti, nrennu t n wunti di taggara n yemvanen : si 11 ar 19, si 21 ar 29, si 31 ar 39, si 121, ar 129, si 131 ar 139 Imedyaten: 11: mraw yan inelmaden mraw yiwet tnelmadin. 39: mraw téa yetbiren mraw téat tetbirin. 45: ukkuéet tmerwin smus yexxamen ukkuéet tmerwin smuset texxamin. 1346: agim kradet tmav d ukkuéet tmerwin svis iyuzav. agim kradet tmav d ukkuéet tmerwin sviset tyuzav. 2-Zdat igiman, imelyunen, imelyaren, nettaru sin, krad, ukkué 92

87 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN Md: Sin igiman, krad imelyunen, smus imelyaren. 3-Zdat tmerwin, tmav, nettaru snat, kradet, ukkuéet Md: Snat tmerwin, kradet timav, ukkuéet timav. Ismawen n téunin: Les noms de fractions Ismawen n téunin d isuddimen n yemvanen, yal wa yemmal kan aêric si tayant: Anekrad deg-s yiwen umur si t$awsa yebvan $ef krad imuren. Ismawen n téunin $ur-sen tal$iwin n wasuf d wesget maca ur sεin ara tal$a n wunti: Azgen, anekrad, ankué, anesmus, anesvis, ansa, anîam, anetéa, anemraw - Amraw yanan, imraw yananen, amraw sinan, imraw sinanen, akrad sinan Si 11 d asawen sεan tal$iwin igelman isuslanen. Anekrad 1 / 3 Sin inekraden 2 / 3 Krad inekraden 3 / 3 Ha-ten-aya yismawen n téunin: a s u f ½ azgen ⅓ anekrad ¼ ankué 1 / 5 anesmus 1 / 6 anesvis 1 / 7 ansa ⅛ anîam 1 / 9 anetéa 1 / 10 anemraw 1 / 100 amivan 1 / 1000 agiman 1 / amraw giman 1 / amelyunan a s g e t izegnan inekraden inkuéen inesmusen inesvisen insan inîamen inetéan inemrawen imivanen igimanen imraw gimanen imelyunanen 93

88 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN Tamawt: Si 1 /11 d akessar, ismawen n téunin am igelman isuslanen, maca ur sεin ara tal$a n wunti. 1 /11 amraw yanan, 1 /12 amraw sinan, 1 /13 amraw kradan, 1 /14 amraw kuéan Igelman isuslanen: Les adjectifs numéraux ordinaux Igelman isuslanen d isuddimen n yemvanen, mmalen amyezwar gar-asen. Igelman isuslanen sεan sin yemvanen, snat tewsatin d sin waddaden, am igelman imugna. Asile$ n yeglem asuslan yettili (anagar amezwaru) di tal$a-a: a + amvan + adfir an. Md: a k r a d a n a + krad + an [ a 3 an ] a s a n a + sa + an [ a 7 an ](da, segmi tella tanéa, te$li yiwet te$ri a ) A w w a v Amezwaru Asinan Akradan Akuéan Ha-ten-a igelman isuslanen: AMALAY U N T I A S U F A S G E T A S U F A S G E T 1 Amezwaru Imezwura Tamezwarut Timezwura 2 Asinan Isinanen Tasinant Tisinanin 3 Akradan Ikradanen Takradant Tikradanin 4 Akuéan Ikuéanen Takuéant Tikuéanin 5 Asmusan Ismusanen Tasmusant Tismusanin 6 Asvisan Isvisanen Tasvisant Tisvisanin 93

89 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN 7 Asan Isanen Tasant Tisanin 8 Aîaman Iîamanen Taîamant Tiîamanin 9 Atéan Itéanen Tatéant Titéanin 10 Amrawan Imrawanen Tamrawant Timrawanin 11 amraw yanan imraw yananen tamraw yanant timraw yananin 12 amraw sinan imraw sinanen tamraw sinant timraw sinanin 13 amraw kradan imraw kradanen tamraw kradant timraw kradanin 14 amraw kuéan imraw kuéanen tamraw kuéant timraw kuéanin 15 amraw smusan imraw smusanen tamraw smusant timraw smusanin 16 amraw svisan imraw svisanen tamraw svisant timraw svisanin 17 amraw san imraw sanen tamraw sant timraw sanin 18 amraw îaman imraw îamanen tamraw îamant timraw îamanin 19 amraw téan imraw téanen tamraw téant timraw téanin 20 asin mrawan isin mrawanen tasin mrawant tisin mrawanin 30 akrad mrawan ikrad mrawanen takrad mrawant tikrad mrawanin 40 akué mrawan ikué mrawanen takué mrawant tikué mrawanin 50 asmus mrawan ismus mrawanen tasmus mrawant tismus mrawanin 60 asvis mrawan isvis mrawanen tasvis mrawant tisvis mrawanin 70 asa mrawan isa mrawanen tasa mrawant tisa mrawanin 80 aîam mrawan iîam mrawanen taîam mrawant tiîam mrawanin 90 atéa mrawan- itéa mrawanen tatéa mrawant titéa mrawanin 100 amivan imivanen tamivant timivanin 101 amiv yanan imiv yananen tamiv yanant timiv yananin 200 asin mivan isin mivanen tasin mivant tisin mivanin 300 akrad mivan ikrad mivanen takrad mivant tikrad mivanin 400 akué mivan ikué mivanen takué mivant tikué mivannin agiman igimanen tagimant tigimanin asin giman isin gimanen tasin gimant tisin gimanin akrad giman ikrad gimanen takrad gimant tikrad gimanin agim d svisan igim d svisanen tagim d svisant tigim d svisanin 94

90 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN amiv giman imiv gimanen tamiv gimant timiv gimanin asin miv giman isin miv gimanen tasin miv gimant tisin miv gimanin akrad miv giman ikrad miv gimanen takrad miv gimant tikrad miv gimanin amelyunan imelyunanen tamelynant timelyunanin asin melyunan isin melyunanen tasin melyunant tisin melyunanin akrad melyun d san ikrad melyun d sanen takrad melyun d sant tikrad melyun d sanin amraw melyunan imraw melyunanen tamraw melyunant timraw melyunanin asmus melyunan ismus melyunanen tasmus melyunant tismus melyunanin amelyaran imelyaranen tamelyarant timelyaranin 210 asin miv mrawan isin miv mrawanen tasin miv mrawant tisin miv mrawanin 230 asin miv krad mrawan isin miv krad mrawanen asin miv krad mrawant tisin miv krad mrawanin akué gim d mraw smusan ikué gim d mraw smusan takué gim d mraw smusant tikué igiman d mraw smusanin akué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téan ikué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téanen takué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téant tikué gim d îam timav kradet tmerwin téanin amraw giman imraw gimanen tamraw gimant timraw gimanin asin mraw giman isin mraw gimanen tasin mraw gimant tisin mraw gimanin 95

91 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN akrad mraw giman ikrad mraw gimanen takrad mraw gimant tikrad mraw gimanin akué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisan ikué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisanen takué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svisant tikué mraw krad igiman d kué tmerwin svidanin akué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin san ikué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sanen takué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sant tikué mraw krad igiman d snat timav kué tmerwin sanin akrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinan ikrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinanen takrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinant tikrad miv téat tmerwin yan igiman d sat timav ukkuéet tmerwin sinanin amelyun d wagim d kradan imelyun d wagim d kradanen tamelyun d wagim d kradan timelyun d wagim d kradanin asvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téan isvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téanen tasvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téant tisvis imelyunen d kradet tmerwin krad igiman d ukkuéet timav snat tmerwin téanin 96

92 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN Ta$uri d tira igelman isuslanen: Lecture et écriture des adjectifs numéraux ordinaux 1-/a- Di tazwara d taggara n yeglem asuslan, ur neqqar ara tmerwin, timav, igiman, imelyunen (imelyan) ne$ imelyaren: a 20 an asin mrawan asnat tmerwinan a 300an akrad mivan akradet timav a 25 an asin mraw smusan asnat tmerwin smusan a 305 an akrad mid téan akradet timav smusan a 5008 an asmus gim d îaman / asmus igiman d îaman a an amelyun d smus giman/ amelyun s smus igiman a an akué melyun d kradet timav igiman d sviset timav kradan/ akué imelyunen d kradet timav igiman d sviset timav kradan b-di tlemmast n yeglem asuslan, neqqar tmerwin, timav, igiman, imelyunen (imelyan), am deg wemvan: Imedyaten a 352 an akrad miv smuset tmerwin sinan a an agim d kradet timav smuset tmerwin sinan a an akrad mraw smus igiman d îaman a an amelyun d smus igiman d îaman a an amelyar d sin imelyunen d krad igiman d téan 2-/a-Zdat tmerwin, timav, neqqar: snat, kradet, ukkuéet, smuset, sviset, sat, îamet, téat. Imedyaten a an agim d snat timav smusan a an agim d kradet timav smusan 97

93 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN b-zdat mraw, mrawan, miv, mivan, gim, giman, melyun, melyunan, melyar, melyaran, neqqar: sin, krad, kué, smus(semmus), svis, sa, îam, téa. Imedyaten a 133 an amiv kradet tmerwin kuéan a 220 an asin miv sin mrawan a an agim d sin miv krad mrawan a an asvis melyunan a an asvis melyun d smusan a an asa melyaran a an asa melyar d yanan Timawin: 1-Tettili tes$unt d ger tserkemt d tayev : Iferdisen igiman imelyunen imelyaren. éer imedyaten deg ufella. 2-Iglem asuslan yezmer ad yesεu aîas tal$iwin, am yeglem (amagnu). ADDAD ILELLI ADDAD AMARUZ asuf amalay a an u an we an asget amalay i anen i anen ye anen asuf unti ta ant t ant te ant asget unti ti anin t anin te anin 98

94 IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen: Abréviations des adj. numéraux ordinaux Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen ttilint akk, akka: Amalay Unti ASUF ASGET ASUF ASGET a1 u a 2 an a 3 an a 4 an a 5 an a 6 an a 7 an a 8 an a 9 an a 10 an i 1 a i 2anen i 3 anen i 4 anen i 5 anen i 6 anen i7 anen i 8 anen i 9 anen i 10 anen ta 1ut ta 2ant ta 3 ant ta 4 ant ta 5 ant ta 6 ant ta 7 ant ta 8 ant ta 9 ant ta 10 ant ti 1a ti 2anin ti 3 anin ti 4 anin ti 5 anin ti 6 anin ti 7 anin ti 8 anin ti 9 anin ti 10 anin a 11 an a 12 an a 13 an a 14 an a 15 an a 16 an a 17 an a 18 an a 19 an a 100 an a 1000 an a an a an i 11 anen i 12 anen i 13 anen i 14 anen i 15 anen i 16 anen i 17 anen i 18 anen i 19 anen i 100 anen i 1000 anen i anen i anen ta 11 ant ta 12 ant ta 13 ant ta 14 ant ta 15 ant ta 16 ant ta 17 ant ta 18 ant ta 19 ant ta 100 ant ta 1000 ant ta ant ta ant ti 11 anin ti 12 anin ti 13 anin ti 14 anin ti 15 anin ti 16 anin ti 17 anin ti 18 anin ti 19 anin ti 100 anin ti 1000 anin ti anin ti anin 99

95 ASENQEV IXEF VII : ASENQEV LA PONCTUATION Mi ara yettmeslay wemdan, ta$ect-is tettali tettader. Tikwal, nettêulfu i wawal yeêbes ne$ yennegzam, yu$al irennu. S wakka i d-ttbinint tlisa ger tefyar ne$ ger waggayen n wawalen. Yiwen umussnaw yesserwes tifyar $er iberdan, ma d asenqev $er usezmel. Tigudamin usenqev d ti: Ticcert : La virgule Ticcert., Taneqqivt.. Ticcert tunqivt.... ; Snat tneqqivin : Taneqqivt usesten (n tuttra)...? Taneqqivt n webhat....! Tineqqivin n wegzam.. Tacciwin.. ( ) Tajerrivt... - Tusligin..... Asekkil ameqqran A Tannuft Ticcert tettili, lad$a, ger sin wawalen deg wesmiwer, di tsamit, d ger sin isumar ilelliyen. -Azwaw isell i tezlatin n Takfarinas, Akli D, Farid Ferragi d Lunis Ayt Mangellat. -Yefsex yiîij, yu$al wass d iv. 100

96 ASENQEV -Di Tefsut Taberkant n 2001, mmuten aîas yelmeéyen, di Tmurt n Leqbayel. Taneqqivt: Le point Taneqqivt temmal taggara n tefyirt. Ad tader ta$ect, ad d-tevfer tsusmi send ad tu$al ad tali ta$ect akken ad tebdu tefyirt nniven. Nettaf-itt, da$en, di taggara n tseddart -Kfi$ ta$uri n wedlis-nni n Taher Oawut. -Nerza $er Maser akken ad néer tizamugin. -Amwiwel n tmurt n 21 Mayu 2003, yegla s waîas yemdanen d tmezdu$in. Ticcert tunqivt: Le point virgule S umata, ticcert tunqivt tettili ger sin isumar. Tettader ta$ect ugar mi ara tili ticcert, war ma yegzem wawal ger sin isumar. -Aksil d amdan iêemmlen aîas tamurt-is.ye$ra amezruy-is; yessen idles d t$erma n wegdud-is; Yettmeslay tutlayt-is; Yerza akk $er temnavin-is. Taneqqivt usesten: Le point d interrogation Taneqqivt usesten tkeffu yis-s tsestant tusridt. Ur tt-nesseqdac ara i tefyirt tasestant tarusridt. (èer imedyaten n tsestanin tusridin.) -Anida ara tesεeddim imuras unebdu-a? -Ad teîîfev deg wawal-nnek? 101

97 ASENQEV -Anwa i ye$zan ires-a alqayan? Taneqqivt n webhat: Le point d exclamation Taneqqivt n webhat tettili di taggara n tefyirt tabehtant. Tettili, da$en, di taggara n t$uyit. -Ay tecbeê tjeooigt-a! -Ah, aqerru-inu! -Acêal d asemmiv, assa! Tineqqivin n wegzam: Les points de suspension Tineqqivin n wegzam zdint di kradet, ttilint ma tegzem tefyirt war ma ifukk wawal. -Di tmazirt-is, teééa tem$art ticcert, aéalim, tajilbant -Tu$-d Lidya amendil, til$atin, tafenda d -Efk-iyi agim idinaren akken ad d-a$e$... Tacciwin: Les parenthèses S umata, tacciwin tezzint i isalli ne$ i usegzi di tefyirt. Tamezwarut tleddi, tayev tmeddel. -Tesεa-d Jeooiga taqrurt (d tamezwarut), tga-as isem amazi$, Tilelli. -Nnegrawent tmura n Yill Agrakal (Lezzayer, Fransa, Lubnan, Lmerruk, Grik ), mtawant $ef t$ellist n temnavt-a. 102

98 ASENQEV Tajerrivt: Le tiret Tettili tjerrivt di tazwara n tefyirt, mi ara ibeddel win yettmeslayen, deg udiwenni. Di tlemmast n tefyirt, nettara ger snat tjerrivin asumer i d-ikecmen, deg-s. Tusligin: Les guillemets Tamawt: Llan imedyazen i yesseqdacen tajerrivt deg wefyir anida i tezmer ad tesεu tsusmi azal n imesli. Tusligin teddunt snat snat, timezwura leddint (d tineldayin), ma d tineggura meddlent (d tinemdalin). Merrsent: - Mi ad yezri umaru seg yinaw arusrid $er yinaw usrid: Yenna-as: Mi ara awve$ $er Berlin, ad ak-d-ceyyεe$ izen. - Deg yinaw arusrid, war snat tneqqivin: Yenna-as belli mi ara yawev $er Berlin ad as-d-iceyyeε izen. - Tezzint i tenfalit i yeb$a umaru ad d-imel belli ur telli d ayla-s (Ad tt-yeoo akken i tt-yenna bab-is). Asekkil ameqqran: Tamawt: Deg udiwenni tezzint tusligin i umeslay i d-yenna win yeddmen ameslay. Ger tusligin asenqev yettili akken iwata: Ma tella tneqqivt usesten ne$ n webhat, ntegg-itt send tusligin tinemdalin. 103

99 ASENQEV La majuscule Asekkil ameqqran ila azal usenqev imi tbeddu yis-s tefyirt. Yevvafar taneqqivt acku tekfa tefyirt ad tebdu tayev. Maca ur yettili ara deffir tneqqivt usesten ne$ n webhat d tneqqivin n wegzam. Da, nessemras asekkil ameéyan, ma d tafyirt tugzimt i irennun. Di tmedyazt beddun yefyar s usekkil ameqqran. -Anta-tt tmane$t ugellid Masensen? -D Sirta (ne$ Qsenîina) i d tamane$t ugellid Masensen. -Ay cebêit idurar n mi ten-yeddal wedfel! Tannuft: Le retrait (l alinéa) Tamawt: Nettaru da$en asekkil ameqqran di tazwara n yal isem uzzig. Imedyaten: Tadmayt, Awras, Tafna, Nijer. Fellag, Dilem, Sliman Ben Σisa. Tettili tannuft di tazwara n tseddart: d yiwen yilem i nettaooa akken ad yemmal ansi tebda tseddart. Tamawt: Di taggara-a, tella-d tekti, tennerna aîas, d akken ur d-tettili ara tannuft-a. Ahat, tetteddu ad tettwakkes mavi. IXEF VIII: TIWURIWIN N YISEM 104

100 TIWURIWIN N YISEM FONCTIONS NOMINALES Tawuri n yisem ne$ n wawal nniven d ayen itegg di tefyirt. Llant twuriwin rzant amyag, ma d tiyev rzant isem. Tiwuriwin yerzan amyag d ti: Asemmad usrid Asemmad arusrid Isemmaden inez$anen Isemmaden war tanze$t Tiwuriwin yerzan isem d ti:: Isemmaden isegzayen imuraz Isemmaden isegzayen ilelliyen Isemmaden igucclanen Asemmad ilelli Asemmad ilelli usiwel ASEMMAD USRID: C.O.D Asemmad usrid yemmal tagmest ne$ ta$awsa i$ef tevra tigawt n wemyag asenvan i yevvafar. Assa$ gar-asen d tigawt imi tettili di tuget n yemyagen. Adeg-is di tefyirt, deffir wemyag, deffir usemmad asegzay umeggay (ne$ n wubdir) ne$ deffir wuddid n wemyag arusrid: -Tura tabrat i gma-s. deffir wemyag -Tura teqcict tabrat i gma-s. deffir usemmad asegzay -Tura-as tabrat i gma-s. deffir wuddid n wemyag arusrid 105

101 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Asemmad usrid yettili d isem, d aggay isman, d iglem, d amqim, d amernu, d uddid n wemyag ne$ d asumer. -Nlemmed amezruy. d isem -Nlemmed amezruy n Tmaz$a. d aggay isman -Yeddem amellal, yeooa aberkan. d iglem -Ddem wa, teooev winna. d amqim -Yura aîas. d amernu -Yura-tî. d uddid n wemyag -Yeb$a ad d-ya$ aselkim. d asumer Timawin: 1-Asemmad usrid, addad-is d ilelli, ur iteqqen ara s tenze$t. Yettak-d tiririt i isestan (tuttriwin): Acu? Anwa? ( Anta? Anwi? Anti?) 2-Di tefyirt $ur-s aydi, wergaz-inna. Aydi d asemmad usrid. Anamek n tefyirt Yesεa aydi, wergaz-inna. ASEMMAD ARUSRID: C.O.I Asemmad arusrid yemmal tagmest ne$ ta$awsa i terza tigawt n wemyag. Iteqqen s tenze$t i. S umata, adeg-is di tefyirt, yettili: deffir usemmad usrid, deffir wemyag ne$ deffir usemmad asegzay amaruz. -Tuzen takarva i tselmadt. deffir usemmad usrid -Tuzen i tselmadt takarva. deffir wemyag -Tuzen Masilya i tselmadt, takarva. deffir usemmad asegzay 106

102 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Timawin: 1-Asemmad arusrid, addad-is d amaruz. Yettak-d tiririt i usesten iwumi, imumi, iwimi? Iwumi tuzen Masilya takarva? i tselmadt. 2-Mi ara yilin sin wuddiden n wemyag, yalass d arusrid i izewwiren usrid. Tura - as - tt. Ad - as - tt - taru. amyag + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid uddid arusrid + usrid + amyag ISEMMADEN INEZ ANEN: Compléments prépositionnels Asemmad anez$an yessegzay-d tagnit ideg tverru tigawt n wemyag, iteqqen s tenze$t. Isemmaden inez$anen ggten, ad nwali wid yettuseqdacen s waîas: 1. Asemmad anez$an n wadeg: [Anida? Ansi?...] Complément prépositionnel de lieu Yensa Masil, di Tegzirt. Yu$al-d weqcic, si teftist. 2. Asemmad anez$an n wakud: [ Melmi?] Complément prépositionnel de temps Yettili usemmiv, di tegrest. Yewwet ugeffur, deg yiv. 3. Asemmad anez$an n t$ara: [ Amek?] Complément prépositionnel de manière Yezger abrid, s tazzla. Nesεedda ussan, di tumert (lferê). 4. Asemmad anez$an n wallal: [ S wayes?] Complément prépositionnel de moyen 107

103 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Yettidir igellil, s usirem. Yegzem aksum, s ujenwi. 5. Asemmad anez$an n tdukli: [Wukkud?] Complément prépositionnel d accompagnement Ksan izamaren, d wuccen. Truê $er Yemma Guraya, d baba-s. 6. Asemmad anez$an n yeswi: [ Ay$er? I wacu?] Complément prépositionnel de but Yeqqar aîas, i wesnerni n weswir-is. U$en-d aεejmi, i tmecrevt. 7. Asemmad anez$an n tmentilt: [Ay$er? Seg wacu?] Complément prépositionnel de cause Yemmut wefrux, si fad. La yettergigi, seg usemmiv. 8. Asemmad anez$an userwes: [Am wacu? Am wanwa? Amek?] Complément prépositionnel de comparaison Dihya tecbeê, am wayyur. Tettaru tnelmadt-a, am uselmad-is. Tamawt: Asemmad anez$an, addad-is d amaruz slid ma yedded s yiwet si tenza$-a: ar, war (bla) d s n tnila. ISEMMADEN WAR TANZE T: COMPLEMENTS CIRCONSTANCIELS Am isemmaden inez$anen, isemmaden war tanze$t ssegzayen-d tagnit ideg tverru tigawt n wemyag maca ur teqqnen ara s tenze$t: 108

104 TIWURIWIN N YISEM 1. Asemmad war tanze$t n wadeg: [Anida?] C.C. de lieu -Ad nebnu axxam, daki. -Nufa is$aren, dinna. 2. Asemmad war tanze$t n wakud: [Melmi?] C.C. de temps -Ad nesserwet irden, azekka. -Yemger ufellaê timéin, ivelli. 3. Asemmad war tanze$t n t$ara: [Amek?] C.C.de manière -Tgen teqcict, tinegnit. -Tenna tyemmat i mmi-s: Eçç, akka. 4. Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta: [Acêal? Annect?] C.C.de qualité Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta yemmal ayen nezmer ad t-nesket ne$ ad t-nessiven: adrim, akud, taéayt, tajumma -Itett, aîas. -Teswa tsegnit, adinar. -Yewzen wergaz, aqentar. -Nessεedda ayyur, di Tubiret. -Te$ra smus iseggasen, di tesdawit. -Nedda mraw ikilumitren, $ef uvar. 5. Asemmad war tanze$t usegzi: C.C.d explication (C.C. interne) -Tettaru tira uselmad. -Tettaru tira igerrzen. -Yettaru yir tira. 109

105 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Tamawt: Asemmad war tanze$t, addad-is d ilelli. ISEMMADEN ISEGZAYEN: COMPLEMENTS EXPLICATIFS Asemmad asegzay yessegzay-d tamagit n wawal i isemmed (anwa? acu?). Ma yella zdat-s, ad yili waddad-is d ilelli. Ma yella deffir-s, ad yili waddad-is d amaruz. -Afrux yufeg d ilelli. -Yufeg wefrux d amaruz. Isemmaden isegzayen d wi: 1-asegzay umeggay C.E de sujet actif 2-asegzay n wubdir C.E. de sujet inactif(c.e de l évoqué) 3- asegzay n wuddid n wemyag usrid C.E. d affixe du verbe direct 4- asegzay n wuddid n wemyag arusrid C.E d affixe du verbe indirect 5- asegzay n tenze$t C.E. de préposition 6- asegzay n yeglem C.E. d adjectif qualificatif 7- asegzay n yisem C.E. de nom 8- asegzay n wemqim C.E.de pronom 9- asegzay n wuddid n wesnekdan C.E.d affixe de présentatif 10- asegzay n wuddid n usestan C.E. d affice d interrogatif 110

106 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Tafelwit isemmaden isegzayen: Tableau des complément explicatifs: ASEMMAD ASEGZAY ILELLI «THEMATISATION» AMARUZ «COMP. REFERENCIELS» umeggay Amedyaz yura asefru. Yura umedyaz asefru. n wubdir Aqcic yettwet. Yettwet weqcic. n wuddid n Tabrat-nni, tura-tt. Tura-tt, tebrat-nni. wemyag usrid n wuddid n wemyag arusrid Anelmad-a, fkan-as arraz. Fkan-as arraz, unelmada. n wuddid n tenze$t Tacmuxt, tga deg-s, aman. Tga deg-s aman, tecmuxt. n yeglem Aqendur-is d amerku. D amerku uqendur-is. n yisem Winna, d anemhal. D anemhal, winna. n wemqim Anaddal, d wa. D wa, unaddal. n wuddid n Aselway, ha-t. Ha-t, uselway. wesnekdan n wuddid usestan Tasarut, anida-tt? Anida-tt, tsarut? Timawin: 1-Asemmad asegzay yettili d isem, d iglem ne$ d amqim udmawan ilelli, ameskan, asestan ne$ arbadu. 2-Asemmad asegzay umeggay yemmal win ixedmen tigawt: Amedya: Amedyaz yura asefru. Anamek-is: Amedyaz yemmal win igan tigawt n tira. Asemmad asegzay n wubdir ibedder (yemmal) win i$ef tevra tigawt. Imedyaten: Aqcic yettwet. Anamek-is: Aqcic tevra fell-as tigawt n tyita = Aqcic yu$ tiyita. Yegzem webrid. 111

107 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Anamek-is: Yegzem ahat seg wedfel ne$ d imdanen i t-igezmen maca, abrid yebder-d win i$ef tevra tigawt n wegzam. ISEMMADEN IGUCCLANEN: COMPLEMENTS DETRMINATIFS Asemmad agucclan yettguccul isem (amqim, iglem, amernu) wi$er yurez s tenze$t n ne$ srid, ma d amaruz yebdan s te$ri u ne$ i. Tamurt_Umazi$ Tamurt_Imazi$en Tamurt n Masensen Tamurt d ayla Umazi$ Tamurt d ayla Imazi$en Tamurt d ayla n Masensen Isemmaden igucclanen d wi: 1. Asemmad n yisem: Complément de nom -Awal n Rebbi, $ri$-t. -Tamurt Umazi$, meqqret. 2. Asemmad umernu: Complément d adverbe -Drus n wedrim i yellan. -Aîas yegvav i ila Sifaks. 3. Asemmad n yeglem: Complément d adj. qualificatif -Qasi d ahrawan uqadum. -Yuba d amezwaru n tne$rit. 4. Asemmad n wemqim: Complément de pronom -D win n wexxam i itett. 112

108 TIWURIWIN N YISEM -Ile$man-a d wid Uheggar. 5. Asemmad n wemvan: Complément de nombre -Snat tnelmadin, ur d-usint ara. - ri$ krad yedlisen n Mulud At Mεemmer. ASEMMAD ILELLI: L APPOSITION Timawin: 1-Asemmad agucclan, addad-is d amaruz. 2-Asemmad aguccclan, yettili: d isem: Azal n tegmat meqqer. d aggay isman: Ta d tamurt n wegdud amazi$. d amernu: Timlilit n yivelli tgerrez. d iglem: Taferka umeéyan, d asuki. d amqim: Taferka n wa, tekrez. d amvan: Taferka n yiwen, tekrez. d uddid n yisem: Tamurt-is, iga-as azal. d uddid n wemqim: Wid-nsen, êerzen-ten. d uddid umeskan: Akal-a, n wegdud amazi$. Asemmad ilelli yemmal isem (ne$ awal) i isemmed. S umata, tettili gar-asen ticcert ne$ snat tneqqivin. -Aksil, gma-s, yeqqar di Bumerdas. ( Aksil, gma-s yeqqar di Bumerdas). -Yessaram uder$al yiwet t$awsa: tafat. 113

109 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Tamawt: Asemmad ilelli yettili deffir wawal i isemmed (yevvafar-it srid). ASEMMAD ILELLI USIWEL: L APOSTROPHE: Asemmad ilelli usiwel yettili, iman-is kan ne$ tettili zdat-s tzel$a usiwel a. -Masil, kker ad truêev s a$erbaz. -Kker, a Masil, ad truêev s a$erbaz. -Kker, a argaz ad d-tesskeflev izerfan-ik. Timawin: 1-Asemmad usiwel yezmer ad yili di tazwara, di tlemmast ne$ di taggara n tefyirt. 2-Zdat te$ri, xas nessusruy «ay argaz», nettaru «a argaz».èer tanéa s imesli «y». TA UYIT «TAZEL A N N WEBHAT» : L INTERJECTION Ta$uyit d yiwen wawal ur nkeccem ara deg usumer. Tikwal, tettili d imesli ne$ d asu$u n wemdan: Ay! Uk! Aê! Uf! Ccett! Mi ara tili t$uyit di tefyirt, ntegg deffir-s ticcert, nrennu taneqqivt n webhat di taggara n tefyirt ideg tella. -Aê, la tgezzem tεebbuvtiw! Ta$uyit temmal tumert, anemrat, abhat, tandemmit, awelleh Tumert Uk, wwi$-d akayad n Bak, a yemma! Anemrat Aê, la tgezzem tεebbuvt-iw! Abhat Ay, ay $ezzif wergaz-inna! 114

110 TIWURIWIN N YISEM Tandemmit Ah, lemmer xedme$ tamurt-iw, assa ad $ellten warraw-iw! Awelleh Ccett, $ur-k ad d-tessikiv gma-k! IXEF IX : AKUDEN IMYAGANEN: TEMPS VERBAUX Akud yebva $ef kradet tallitin tigejdanin: izri, amiran d yimal. Tigawt tezmer ad tevru di yiwet seg-sent. Azenzi$ 1: Schéma 1 a. izri (= zik): -Tewwi Lezzayer azarug-is, di b. Amiran (= tura): -La yettna$ wegdud $ef tugdut. c. Imal (= akud ara d-yasen): -Ad nesfugel amulli-nnes, azekka. Ivelli Tura Azekka ///////////////// yeksa (izri) la ikess (amiran) ad yeks (imal) Azenzi$ 2: Imu$an Schéma 2: les participes ///////////////// yeksan (la) ikessen ara yeksen ama$un n yezri ama$un n wurmir ussid ama$un n wurmir 115

111 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN IZRI : LE PRETERIT (LE PASSE) Izri d timeéri yemmalen ayen yevran, yezrin, ifukken. Llant tegnatin ideg i d-keccmen imallalen i d-yeskanen akud ne$ amek ttemyezwirent tigawin ne$ tidyanin. Tal$a tilawt: Forme affirmative Tal$a tilawt terza tigawt yevran (ne$ yellan). Deg imedyaten-a tevra tigawt n tira: -Uran inelmaden tamsirt. -Mi ara yeffe$ uselmad, inelmaden ad ilin uran tamsirt -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, inelmaden llan uran tamsirt. -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, uran inelmaden tamsirt. Tal$a tibawt: Forme négative Tal$a tibawt terza tigawt ur nevri, ur nverru, ne$ ayen ur nelli ur nettili. Deg imedyaten-a ur tevri ara tigawt n tira: : -Ur urin ara inelmaden tamsirt. -Mi ara yeffe$ uselmad, ad ilin inelmaden ur urin ara tamsirt. -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, llan inelmaden ur urin ara tamsirt. -Mi yeffe$ uselmad, ur urin ara inelmaden tamsirt. 116

112 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN URMIR: L AORISTE Urmir d timeéri yemmalen tigawt taêerfit. Akud ideg tverru temmal-it tegzi n tefyirt ideg yella wemyag. Amyag yezmer ad yili s tzel$a ne$ war tazel$a. 1-Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ad : Aoriste avec participe du futur «ad» Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ad yemmal: imal, asirem, asfillet. a-imal: Futur -Ad d-yas Masil, sellazekka. b-asfillet: Optatif -Ad awen-yefk Rebbi ayen teb$am! c-asfillet ibaw: Optatif négatif -Awer tafem talwit. Tamawt: Awer temmal asfillet ibaw. Awer d tazel$a n wesfillet ibaw.[awer = ad + ur] d-inaw asnegman: Discours didactique 117

113 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN -Ad tazen mmi-s $er yiger, ad d-yekkes tajilbant, ad d-yernu tife$wa. e-asumer imsentel asaman: Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée -Teb$a ad teddu Silya $er Tunes. 2-Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ara : Aoriste avec particule du futur «ara» S umata, aseqdec n tzel$a n yimal «ara», yegget d uma$un. a-ama$un n wurmir: Participe de l aoriste -D nettat ara yezden abernus. b-ama$un n wurmir, deg usumer amassa$: Participe de l aoriste,dans une proposition relative -Tin ara yeéden abernus d Kahina. c-amyag yeftin, deg usumer amassa$: Verbe conjugué, dans une proposition relative -Abernus ara teéd Kahina d amellal. 3-Urmir war tazel$a: Aoriste sans particule a-asunvan uvfir: Injonctif enchaîné -Ssired ivarren-ik, tkecmev usu. -Megret irden, tessrewtem. -Kerzet iger, teééum-t d afeqqus. b-asfillet uvfir: 118

114 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Optatif enchaîné -Ad awen-yefk Rebbi talwit, yefk-ane$-tt. -Ad ak-yefk Rebbi tumert, yefk-iyi-tt. c- Urmir uvfir: (deg wullis ne$ di tmacahut) Aoriste enchaîné «...Nufa aîas yergazen d tsednan, di tili n temsunin, niwev tama-nsen, ini zulen-ane$-d, inin-ane$-d: azul, ansuf yis-wen. Nekkni, nerr-asen: Azul fell-awen, aql-a$ nerza-d $er tmurt-nwen tahuskayt, s tumert tameqqrant. Ini bdun azmumeg, acrah iban $ef wudmawen-nsen.. URMIR USSID: AORISTE INTENSIF d-asunvan: Injonctif -Ar d-yas, tessutrev-as ayen teb$iv. -Mi d-yu$al, tiniv-as. Urmir ussid d timeéri yemmalen tigawt yettalsen ne$ inezzgen i iverrun deg yezri, deg umiran ne$ deg yimal. Akud yemmal-it umernu, amallal, tazel$a ne$ tigzi n tefyirt. 1-Urmir ussid war tazel$a: Aoriste intensif sans particule a-tanumi: -Téerrew Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Ur tzerrew ara Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. b-izri: -Zik, tzerrew Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Zik, ur tzerrew ara Baya di tesdawit n Bgayet. 119

115 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN -Tella Baya tzerrew di tesdawit n Bgayet. -Ur telli ara Baya tzerrew di tesdawit n Bgayet. 2-Urmir ussid s tzel$a: Aoriste avec particule a-amiran: Présent -Kahina la téevv abernus. -Kahina ur la téevv ara abernus. b-imal : Futur Deg unebdu-a, yal ass, ad d-ntekkes tibexsisin. Deg unebdu-a, ur d-ntekkes ara, yal ass, tibexsisin. IMALLALEN: Les auxiliaires Di tutlayt tamazi$t, llan kra n yemyagen merrsen d imallalen n wakud. Nrennu amallal zdat wemyag akken ad d-imel akud ideg tverru tigawt. Xas akken ddeqs imallalen i yellan, sin kan i nessemras s waîas ili, a$. 120

116 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Amallal ili : L auxiliaire ili TIMEèRA TAL A TILAWT TAL A TIBAWT IZRI IZRI Nella nugem aman. Nella ur nugim ara aman. Ur nelli ara nugem aman. URMIR Nella ad nagem aman. Nella ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nelli ara ad nagem aman. URMIR USSID Nella nettagem aman. Nella ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nelli ara nettagem aman. URMIR IZRI Ad nili nugem Ad nili ur nugim ara aman. URMIR USSID URMIR URMIR USSID aman. Ad nili ad nagem aman. Ad nili nettagem aman. Ur nettili ara nugem aman. Ad nili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara ad nagem aman. Ad nili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem. aman. IZRI Nettili nugem aman. Nettilli ur nugim ara aman. Ur nettili ara nugem aman. URMIR Nettili ad nagem aman. URMIR USSID Nettili nettagem aman. Nettili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem aman. Nettili ur nettagem ara aman. Ur nettili ara nettagem aman. 121

117 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Amallal «a$»: L auxiliaire «a$ TIMEèRA Tal$a tilawt Tal$a tibawt IZRI IZRI Tu$ nugem aman. Tu$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tu$ ara nugem aman. URMIR Tu$ ad nagem aman. Tu$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tu$ ara ad nagem aman. URMIR USSID Tu$ nettagem aman. Ur tu$ ara nettagem aman. Tu$ ur nettagem ara aman. URMIR IZRI Ad ta$ nugem Ur tetta$ ara nugem aman. URMIR USSID URMIR URMIR USSID IZRI URMIR URMIR USSID aman. Ad ta$ ad nagem aman. Ad ta$ nettagem aman. Tetta$ nugem aman. Tetta$ ad nagem aman. Tetta$ nettagem aman. Ad ta$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara ad nagem aman. Ad ta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara nettagem aman. Ad ta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Tetta$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara nugem aman. Tetta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara ad nagem aman. Tetta$ ur nettagem ara aman. Ur tetta$ ara nettagem aman. 122

118 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Tamawt : Tal$a tibawt tettili deg umallal kan ne$ deg wemyag kan: Tu$ nugem aman. Tu$ ur nugim ara aman. Ur tu$ ara nugem aman. Nella nugem aman. Nella ur nugim ara aman. Ur nelli ara nugem aman. Aserwes ger sin imallalen ili, a$ : Comparaison entre les deux auxiliaires «ili, a$» : AMALLAL AMALLAL A TIMEèRA ILI WAR UDDID S WUDDID IZRI IZRI Llan uran. Tu$ uran. Tu$-iten uran. URMIR Llan ad arun. Tu$ ad arun. Tu$-iten ad arun. URMIR Llan ttarun. Tu$ ttarun. Tu$-iten ttarun. USSID URMIR IZRI Ad ilin uran. Ad ta$ uran. Ad ten-ta$ uran. URMIR Ad ilin ad arun. Ad ta$ ad arun. Ad ten-ta$ ad arun. URMIR Ad ilin ttarun. Ad ta$ ttarun. Ad ten-ta$ ttarun. USSID URMIR IZRI Ttilin uran. Tetta$ uran. Tetta$-iten uran. USSID URMIR Ttilin ad arun. Tetta$ ad arun. Tetta$-iten ad arun. URMIR USSID Ttilin ttarun. Tetta$ ttarun. Tetta$-iten ttarun. Tasemlilt: Synthèse Amallal ili ifetti d wudem wi$er yefti wemyag. 123

119 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Amallal a$ ifetti kan $er yiwen wudem: udem akradan n wasuf unti 3.sf.nt. nettat. Amallal a$ yezmer ad yeqqen $ur-s wuddid n wemyag usrid. Uddid n wemyag yevvafar udem wi$er yefti wemyag. Imallalen nniven: Autres auxillaires Wi d imallalen i ur nettuseqdac ara aîas, mmalen beddu n tigawt, fettin $er wudem wi$er yefti wemyag: Bdu Yebda la d-yekkat wedfel. Kker Yekker ad iruê, bdan imeîîawen. Wwet Tewwet la tettnadi fell-as, ur tt-tufi ara. Ezg Tezga tettraou tu$alin n mmi-s. Ddu Iteddu ad yeffe$, yessiwel-as gma-s. U$al Yessired ivarren-is, yu$al yevves. Ïîef Teîîef tessen$el abuqal-nni n yi$i. Qqim Neqqim nettraou-t armi d-ye$li yiv. ANAV D WANAV USSID: IMPERATIF ET IMPERATIF INTENSIF 1- Anav: L impératif Anav d timeéri yemmalen tasunva ne$ asuter n tigawt. Deg umedya «Kcem, zik, s axxam.» Amyag kcem yefti $er wanav, tigawt tezmer ad tevru yiwet tikkelt kan, tigawt d taêerfit. 2- Anav ussid: L impératif intensif 124

120 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Anav ussid d timeéri yemmalen tasunva ne$ asuter n tigawt, maca di tal$a tussidt. Deg umedya Keccem, zik, s axxam. Amyag kcem yefti $er wanav ussid, tigawt unekcum tezmer ad tevru aîas tikwal, maçi yiwet tikkelt kan. Taseftit-nsen: Am wanav am wanav ussid, fettin kan d wudem a2an : asuf, asget (amalay + unti). Taseftit-nsen, tettili d yemqimen-a: keç (kem), kunwi, kunemti. Tal$a-nsen tibawt: Anav ur yesεi ara tal$a tibawt, maca yezmer ad d-yawi (ad d- yervel) tal$a tibawt n wanav ussid. Tal$a tilawt: Kcem, zik, s axxam. Tal$a tibawt: Ur keccem ara, zik, s axxam. Di tal$a tibawt n wanav ussid, amyag ur yettbeddil ara. Irennu-d kan $ur-s umernu n tibawt. Tal$a tilawt: Keccem, zik, s axxam. Tal$a tibawt: Ur keccem ara, zik, s axxam. 125

121 AKUDEN IMYAGANEN 126

122 TAFYIRT D USUMER IXEF X: TAFYIRT D USUMER: PHRASE ET PROPOSITION Tettili teywalt ger yemdanen s wawalen yettemyevfaren i ssemrasen. Yal awal s unamek-is. S wakka i d-yettlal yinaw (ameslay). Yal inaw deg-s yiwet tefyirt ne$ ugar. Tifyar bvant $ef 04 yeêricen ilmend n yinaw: Tafyirt taselkant (tamse$rut): La phrase déclarative Yal ass, ixeddem deg yiger. Tafyirt tasunvant (tamanavt): La phrase impérative U$al-d $er wexxam, zik. Tafyirt tasestant (tamattart): La phrase interrogative Melmi ara d-tili tfaska? Tafyirt tabehtant: La phrase exclamative Ay tecbeê tefsut! Tafyirt d aggay n wawalen i yezdin gar-asen akken ad d-fken kra n tekti. Di tira, tzewwir s usekkil ameqqran tkeffu s tneqqivt, s tneqqivt usesten, n webhat ne$ s tneqqivin n wegzam. Tafyirt i igebren yiwen usumer neqqar-as tafyirt taêerfit. Tafyirt i igebren aîas isumar, d tafyirt tuddist. 127

123 TAFYIRT D USUMER TAFYIRT TAËERFIT: PHRASE SIMPLE Tafyirt taêerfit deg-s yiwet tinawt d usemmad ne$ d waîas isemmaden. Tin ilan tinawt tamyagant taddayt d tafyirt tamyagant, ma d tin ilan tinawt war amyag taddayt d tafyirt taramyagant. Tafyirt tamyagant: Phrase verbale èer imedyaten-a: 1- Temsel tabuqalt. 2- Temsel teqcict tabuqalt. 3- Temsel-as teqcict tabuqalt. 4- Temsel-as-tt i nanna-s. 5- Temsel-as-tt, ivelli. 6- Temsel teqcict tabuqalt i nanna-s, ivelli. Tifyar-a akk d timyaganin acku deg-sent tinawt tamyagant d yiwen usemmad ne$ ugar. Ad naf: 1- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad usrid. 2- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad usrid + asemmad asegzay. 3- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + asemmad asegzay+ asemmad usrid. 4- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid + asemmad arusrid. 5- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + uddid arusrid + uddid usrid + amernu. 6- Tinawt tamyagant taddayt + asemmad asegzay + asemmad usrid + asemmad arusrid + amernu. 128

124 TAFYIRT D USUMER Tafyirt taramyagant: Phrase non verbale Neqqar-as tafyirt taramyagant acku d tafyirt taêerfit ideg ulac amyag. Tegber tinawt war amyag taddayt. Tinawt-a war amyag taddayt tezmer ad tesεu aîas tal$iwin n sin iferdisen: a- Tazel$a n tilawt d + isem (ne$ awal i t-yemmalen). b- Tanze$t + isem (ne$ awal i t-yemmalen). c- Asnekdan + uddid-is. d- Tinawt tarlugant: (deg-s iferdisen nniven, mgaraden $ef wid n kradet tal$iwin ufella). a-tazel$a n tilawt d + isem: Particule d affirmation d + nom Deg wadeg n yisem nezmer ad naf awal (nniven) i t-yemmalen: D + isem D izem. D + iglem D taberkant. D + amqim ameskan D winna. D + amqim arbadu D wayev. D + aggay isman D tafsut taberkant. Tamawt: Am di tefyirt tamyagant, zemren ad d-rnun isemmaden $er tinawt war amyag taddayt: D taberkant. D taberkant teqcict-a. b- Tanze$t ( am, deg, n, $er ) + isem: Préposition + nom Tanze$t n + isem: Préposition n + nom -N tselmadt wedlis-a. 129

125 TAFYIRT D USUMER Tanze$t n + amqim ameskan: Préposition n + pronom démonstratif -N taki wedlis-a. Tanze$t n + iglem: Préposition n + adjectif -N tmeqqrant wedlis-a. Uddid n yisem: n + sen, n + wen, n + sent. Affixe de nom -Nsen -Nsent -Nwen wedlis-a. Asemmad agucclan yezmer ad yessile$ iman-is kan tafyirt taramyagant: Complément déterminatif -Uselmad wedlis-a (= n uselmad). Tanze$t + isem: Préposition + nom :: -Yezga Wakli deg yiger. -D amellal am wedfel. Tanze$t + amqim ameskan: Préposition + pronom démonstratif - er, deg waki. -Xedmet, am winna. Tanze$t + iglem: Préposition + adjectif -Deg umeqqran. -Am umeqqran. Tanze$t + amqim udmawan (uddid ne$ ilelli): Préposition + pronom personnel (lié ou autonome) -Ires-a deg-s aîas waman. 130

126 TAFYIRT D USUMER -Inuda fell-ak gma-k. -Ma tusmev fell-as, éwer am netta. c-asnekdan + uddid-is: Présentatif + son affixe Awalen aql d ha ur sεin ara adeg di tjerrumt. Ur llin d imyagen ur llin d tinza$ ne$ d imerna Ad asen-nsemmi isnekdanen, imi ssenkaden ayen yemmal yisem. Asnekdan iteqqen $ur-s wuddid s tjerrivt n tuqqna, neqqar-as uddid n wesnekdan. Tikwal, trennu-d $ur-s tzel$a n tnila id, in, "a, an ne$ aya. A q l - i k. Aql-ik-id. Aql-ik-in. H a - t e n. Ha-ten-id. Ha-ten-aya. Ha-ten-a. Ha-ten-an. (Asnekdan + uddid) (Asnekdan + uddid + tazel$a n tnila) Asemres n wesnekdan: Emploi du présentatif Tamawt: er waya, zemren ad d-rnun isemmaden: Ha-ten wakraren deg yiger. asemmad asegzay + asemmad n wadeg Nessemras asnekdan aql deg wudmawen: a1u d u2an (asuf d wesget, amalay d wunti). Nessemras asnekdan ha deg wudem a3an (asuf d wesget, amalay d wunti). Deg wudem a1u d wudem a2an, nezmer ad nernu tizel$iwin n tnila id d in: Aql-ikem-id / Aql-ikem-in. 131

127 TAFYIRT D USUMER Deg wudem a3an, nezmer ad nernu tazel$a n tnila a, aya. Azal i tla d azal n tzel$a n tnila -d i iteqqnen $er wemyag: -Ha-tt-a. Ha-tt-aya. Ha-ten-a. Ha-ten-aya. -A-tt-a. A-tt-aya. (Mi ara tili yid-s tzel$a a ne$ aya, asnekdan ha yezmer ad yesεu tal$a a). Asemres n wesnekdan d wuddiden-is s wudmawen: Emploi du présentatif et ses affixes personnels a1u.gt.m: aql-a$, aql-ane$. a1u.gt.nt: aql-ante$. a2.gt.m: aql-iken, aql- a2.gt.nt: aql-ikent, aql- a3an.gt.m: ha-ten. a3an.gt.nt: ha-tent. a1u.sf: aql-i, aql-iyi. a2an.sf.m: aql-ik, aql-ak. aken. a2an.sf.nt: aql-ikem, aql-akem. akent. a3an.sf.m: ha-t. a3an.sf.nt: ha-tt. d- Tinawt tarlugant: Enoncé irrégulier -Ddeqs-ik. Akka-t. Amernu + uddid-is. -Anwa-t? Acu-tt? Asestan + uddid-is. -Ulac tirugza di tmurt. Awal uddis (=Ur +yelli +c), di Tcawit. -Ulay$er. Awal uddis (=Ur +yelli + ay$er). TAFYIRT TUDDIST: PHRASE COMPLEXE Tafyirt tuddist deg-s sin isumar ne$ ugar, yettili gar-asen wassa$ n tuqqna ne$ usentel: s tes$unt ne$ s tsamit. Isumar i tgebber tefyirt tuddist zemren ad ilin: 132

128 TAFYIRT D USUMER -D isumar uqqinen: Teqqnen gar-asen s tes$unt n tuqqna, ma d isamanen tettili gar-asen ticcert, ticcert tunqivt ne$ snat tneqqivin. Tas$unt n tuqqna tetteqqen da$en ger sin wawalen ne$ sin isumar n yiwet twuri, maca tetteqqen ger sin wawalen ne$ waggayen n wawalen n yiwet twuri, éer imedyaten-a: Ad teswev aman ne$ i$i? (Asemmad usrid + asemmad usrid) Ixeddem, deg yiv, yeggan, deg uzal. asumer ilelli 1 asumer ilelli 2 -D asumer imsentel: Asumer imsentel yettili-d usentel-nnes $er usumer agejdan s wawal asental (amqim amassa$, tas$unt usentel, amernu, tane$t, asestan). Asumer imsentel asaman yettili-d usentel-is $er usumer agejdan s tsamit (srid). Asumer imsentel yezmer ad yili d amassa$, d as$unan, d asestan ne$ d asaman. Hatent-a tal$iwin isumar imsental: Asumer imsentel amassa$: Proposition subordonnée relative -Yelsa wasin abernus i as-teéda Ranida. Asumer imsentel as$unan: Proposition subordonnée conjonctive -Yessewjed iman-is akken ad yeffe$. Asumer imsentel asestan: Proposition subordonnée interrogative -Yemla-as amek ttidiren imezda$en Uheggar. Asumer imsentel asaman: Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée -B$an warrac ad gnen, zik. 133

129 TAFYIRT D USUMER Tamawt: Asumer imsentel d asumer i ilan, di tefyirt tuddist, tawuri n wawal. Asumer agejdan d asumer wi$er yurez usumer imsentel. Asumer ilelli d asumer ur nelli d agejdan ur nelli d imsentel. TUQQNA : LA COORDINATION Di tuqqna, isumar d ilelliyen yettili gar-asen wassa$ usefren, n tenmegla, n tmentilt, n tegrayt, userdes, n tibawt, n wenvan Asefren: L alternative -Ad teswev ikkil ne$ ad teççev iselman? -Ixeddem deg yiger-is, ama ireqq yiîij ama iteqqes usemmiv. Tanmegla: L opposition -Yeêrec Yuba, maca yif-it Masil. -D ameéyan, yerna yessexdam-it. Tamentilt: La cause -Yenfel wasif acku yewwet aîas ugeffur. -Yuven Mêend acku ur yessizdig ara. Tagrayt: La conséquense -Yekcem-d uselmad, d$a bedden inelmaden. -Ur yessizdig ara, daymi yeîîef avvan. 134

130 TAFYIRT D USUMER Aserdes: La gradation -Temsel tabuqalt, yerna terqem-itt. Tibawt: La négation -Ur itett la afeqqus la ifires. Anvan: La transition -Zi$ meqqret, tura, tinna i d-ooi$ tettmurud. - ille$ tegnev, zi$ tukiv. TASAMIT: LA JUXTAPOSITION Di tsamit, isumar teqqnen, gar-asen, s ticcert, s ticcert tunqivt ne$ s snat tneqqivin. -Temsel tacmuxt, teqqed-itt. -Yu$-d a$rum, akeffay d tisent. Di tal$a tibawt, ulac gar-asen tagudamt usenqev. -Ur yemmut ur yeddir. -Ur ççin ur swin. ASUMER IMSENTEL: LA PROPOSITION SUBORDONNEE Asumer imsentel d win yesεan tawuri n wawal. Iteqqen $er usumer agejdan s wawal asental (tas$unt, amqim amassa$...). 135

131 TAFYIRT D USUMER ASUMER IMSENTEL AS UNAN: Proposition subordonnée conjonctive Asumer imsentel as$unan iteqqen $er usumer agejdan, s tes$unt usentel. Isumar is$unanen mmalen akud, tamentilt, iswi, tanmegla, turda, aserwes. Akud: Le temps -Nuki-as i ugeffur mi yekkat. -Ur t-nwala ara segmi yunag $er Marikan. Tamentilt: La cause -Seg wakken yelha Mazi$, êemmlen-t akk medden. -Segmi semmvit waman, yeswa aîas. Iswi: Le but -Ïîef-as afus i wem$ar-a akken ad yezger abrid. -Yeqqar aîas i wakken ad yesnerni idles-is amatu. Tanmegla: L opposition -Xas akken d asemmiv, la leqqven azemmur. -Ulamma yeêrec Yuba, yif-it Masil. Turda: L hypothèse -Ma têemmlev yemma-m, ttall-itt deg umahil. -Lemmer d imawlan n tmurt, ad tili gerrzen-tt. 136

132 TAFYIRT D USUMER Aserwes: La comparaison -Muqlet kan akken leqqay yires-a. -Têemmel-itt, amzun d yemma-s. Asumer imsentel asaman: Proposition subordonnée juxtaposée Ger usumer agejdan d usumer asaman ulac ticcert. Tettili ticcert ger isumar imsental isamanen ma llan, ugar n yiwen. Teb$a ad teçç. Teb$a ad tsew. Teb$a ad teçç, ad tsew. asumer asumer asumer agejdan asaman1 asaman2 Timawin: 1-Asumer asaman yezmer ad yu$al d isem. Teb$a ad teçç. Teb$a uççi. 2-Asumer asaman yezmer ad yili d tinawt war amyag. Yu$al yezwar. Yu$al d amezwaru. 3-Asumer agejdan yezmer ad yili s wesnekdan d wuddid-is. Ha-ten ifellaêen, la meggren irden. Asumer imsentel asestan: Proposition subordonée interrogative: Tasestant tarusridt d tafyirt i igebren asumer agejdan d usumer imsentel asestan: ummid ne$ amuran. -Yettxemmim anida ara yesεeddi imuras unebdu. -Ur yeéri ara acu yeb$a. 137

133 TAFYIRT D USUMER Asumer imsentel amassa$: Proposition subordonnée relative Asumer imsentel amassa$ yettili d asemmad agucclan. Isem (ne$ awal) i yegguccel neqqar-as: uzwir. -Terra-as adlis i as-yefka, ivelli. uzwir amqim asumer amassa$ amassa$ Asumer amassa$ izewwir s wawal amassa$ (amqim, amernu, tanze$t) ne$ yettili war amassa$:: Yezwar s wemqim amassa$: -Muqel abernus i teéva Kahina. Yezwar s umernu amassa$: -Taqerbuzt d taddert anida ilul Meqqran. Yezwar s tenze$t tamassa$t: -Yemla-asen tasdawit deg yeqqar. Ulac amassa$: -Muqel abernus teéva Kahina. D ama$un war amassa$: -Kahina d taqcict yeévan abernus. Ama$un + amassa$: -Kahina d taqcict i yeévan abernus. 138

134 TAFYIRT D USUMER Tamawt: Amqim amassa$ i yezmer ad yettwakkes si tefyirt war ma ibeddel unamekis : Muqel abernus i teéva Kahina=Muqel abernus teéva Kahina! Kahina d taqcict i yeévan abernus=kahina d taqcict yeévan abernus. Tafelwit imassa$en: Tableau des relatifs TINZA IMQIMEN IMERNA TIWURIWIN i i, ay -asemmad asegzay iwumi, imumi -asemmad usrid deg ideg, deg i deg way deg anida anda $ef i$ef, $ef i, $ef way deg seg iseg, seg, anisi seg way deg ansi $er i$er, wi$er ani$er $ur u$ur, wu$ur (aniwer?) s (n wallal) s way s (=s wayes) s wiyes (=s wiyes) s wacu -asemmad arusrid -asemmad n wadeg -asemmad n wakud -tettemgarad twuri -asemmad n wadeg -asemmad n wadeg -asemmad n wallal d Ukkud,wukkud,wi d -asemmad n tdukli s (n tnila) sani -asemmad n wadeg Tiwuriwin imassa$en: Les fonctions des relatifs 139

135 TAFYIRT D USUMER Tiwuriwin imassa$en ggtent, ha-ten-aya kra seg-sen: Asemmad asegzay : Complément explicatif D Kahina i yeévan abernus. uzwir / amassa$ d asemmad asegzay Asemmad usrid: Complément d objet direct -Yecbeê ubernus i teéva Kahina. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad usrid Asemmad arusrid: Complément d objet indirect -D gma-s iwumi teéva abernus. uzwir / amassa$ d asemmad arusrid Asemmad n wadeg, n wakud, n wallal... C.c de lieu, de temps, d instrument -Tafu$alt d taddert anida yezde$ Masinisa. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wadeg -Ur ntettu ara ass ideg yemmut Lwennas. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wakud -Wa, d imru s wayes yettaru. uzwir/ amassa$ d asemmad n wallal 140

136 TAFYIRT D USUMER IXEF XI: TASLEVT: L ANALYSE Llant 3 tarrayin n teslevt: 1- Taslevt tajerrumant: Analyse grammaticale Taslevt tajerrumant ne$ taslevt n tjerrumt terza awalen n tefyirt. I yal awal, nessegzay-d (nettmuddu-d): - Agama-s: D isem, d amyag, d amernu - Talmest-is: D isem amatu, uzzig, d amernu n wakud, n wadeg - Tal$a-s: Asuf, asget, amalay - Tawuri-s: Asemmad usrid, arusrid 2- Taslevt tameééult: Analyse logique Taslevt tameééult terza tifyar, yettili deg-s: -Bevvu n wevris d tifyar. -Bevvu n tefyar d isumar. 141

137 TASLEVT -Yal asumer ad d-yettunefk ugama-s, tal$a-s d twuri-s. a- Taslevt n tefyirt: Analyse de la phrase Taslevt n tefyirt d tifin isumar d userkem-nsen. Di tefyirt, yezmer ad yili yiwen usumer ne$ ugar. b- Taslevt usumer: Analyse de la proposition I yal asumer, nemmal-d 3 t$awsiwin: -Agama: La nature d agejdan, d imsentel, d ilelli -Tal$a: La forme d amassa$, d as$unan -Tawuri: La fonction d asemmad n wuzwir, d asemmad usrid 3- Taslevt taseklant: Analyse littéraire Taslevt taseklant d tin yerzan avris, ttunefkayen-d deg-s: talmest taseklant, tiskiwt, ider d u$anib. 1-Talmest taseklant: Genre littéraire 142

138 TASLEVT Aglam La description Amezgun Le théâtre Tamedyazt La poésie Ullis Le récit Tamacahut Le conte 2-Tiskiwt: La structure A$awas Plan Tara n tektiwin Fil conducteur Invanen Transitions 3-Ider: Fond Tiktiwin Idées: Amyevfar, amyuqqen, inumak Afrayen Sentiments Asugen Imagination Amvay Goût 4-A$anib: Style Aswir n tutlayt: Niveau [registre de langue]. D imgerrez, d amagnu, d unnim. Ta$ara n tenfalit: Qualité de l expression Udmawen u$anib yettwamersen: Figures de style utilisées Aserwes: La comparaison Tarvelnamka: La métaphore Rvel + anamek = areîîal unamek. 143

139 TASLEVT Asmiwer: L énumération Asemden: La personnification S ( n weswa$) + amdan = err d amdan. Asifses umeslay: L Euphémisme Asemgel: L antithèse S (n weswa$) + mgal Tarevledmit: L allégorie Rvel + tidmi = areîîal n tedmi. Talsawalt: L anaphore Ales + awal = allas n wawal. Tasenrenfalit: L hyperbole Snerni + tanfalit = asnerni n tenfalit. Tasegdezt: La litote S (n weswa$) + gdez. Tamsiswalt L oxymore ou oxymoron Tamsisit n wawalen: Msisi + awal. d-turdiwin i yeb$a umaru ad d-yeoo deg ume$ri: Impressions que l auteur a cherché à produire sur le lecteur 144

140 TASLEVT Taratsa n teslevt tajerrumant: Grille d analyse grammaticale AGAMA NATURE Tal$a tamyagant (deg-s sin yeêricen) TALMEST ESPECE Amyag: -d asenvan -d arsenvan -Amatar udmawan -Amatar uma$un TAL A FORME Taggayt: Timeéri: izri,urmir Tal$a(terza kan ama$un): -n yezri -n wurmir -n wurmir ussid. Udem:1,2,3. Amvan: asuf,asget. Tawsit: amalay,unti. -d ameggay -d ubdir TAWURI FONCTION 145

141 TASLEVT Isem Iglem -Isem amatu -Isem uzzig -Isem n téunt - amagnu - asuslan Amvan -asuf -asget Tawsit -amalay -unti Addad -ilelli -amaruz -ameskil -armeskil n addad Amvan -asuf -asget Tawsit -amalay -unti Addad -ilelli -amaruz -Asemmad usrid -Asemmad arusrid -Asemmad anez$an (n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, n tmentilt, userwes) -Asemmad war tanze$t ( n wakud, n wadeg, n tesmekta, usegzi) -Asemmad asegzay ( umeggay, n wubdir, n wuddid n wemyag usrid, n wuddid n wemyag arusrid, n tenze$t, n yisem, n wemqim, n wuddid n wesnekdan, n wuddid usestan) -Asemmad agucclan (n yisem, umernu, n yeglem, n wemqim, n wemvan) -Asemmad ilelli -Asemmad ilelli usiwel -Am twuriwin n yisem Amernu Amvan Amqim n wadeg n wakud n t$ara n tibawt n tilawt asestan abehtan - ameskan - arbadu -asestan (amattar) Am twuriwin n yisem Am twuriwin n yisem Am twuriwin n yisem Asemmad usrid 146

142 TASLEVT -udmawan ilelli -udmawan uddid -Asemmad usrid. -Asemmad arusrid. -Asemmad anez$an (n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, userwes). -Isemmaden isegzayen (akk). -Asemmad ilelli. -Asemmad ilelli usiwel. -n yisem, n tenze$t, n wesnekdan, usestan (usrid, arusrid), n wemyag (usrid, arusrid). -Tetteqqen awal $er wayev. Tanze$t s, $er, n, $ef Tas$unt -n tuqqna -Tetteqqen awal $er wayev. -usentel -Tetteqqen asumer $er wayev. -Tessental $er usumer agejdan. Tazel$a -n yimal ad, ara, awer -umiran La -n tilawt D -n tnila -d, n, id, in, an, a, aya -usiwel a (ay?) Asnekdan ha, a, aql -Yessenkad asegzay n wuddid-is. Ta$uyit -Temmal tumert, anemrat, abhat, tandemmit,awelleh Taratsa n teslevt tameééult: Grille d analyse logique AGAMA NATURE Asumer ilelli Asumer agejdan TAL A FORME TAWURI FONCTION 147

143 TASLEVT Asumer imsentel amassa$ as$unan asestan asaman asemmad n wuzwir. asemmad n wakud, n tmentilt, n yeswi, n tenmegla, userwes. asemmad usrid. asemmad usrid. Taratsa n teslevt taseklant: Grille d analyse littéraire TALMEST TASEKLANT GENRE LITTÉRAIRE TISKIWT STRUCTURE IDER FOND A ANIB STYLE 148

144 TASLEVT Aglam Amezgun Tamedyazt (asefru) Ullis Tamacahut A$awas Tarakti (tara n tektiwin) Invanen Tiktiwin - Amyevfer - Amuqqen - Inumak Afrayen Asugen Amvay - d imgerrez - d amagnu - d unnim Ta$ara n tenfalit Tugniwin u$anib yettwamersen -Aserwes -Tarvelnamka - Asmiwer - Asemden - Asemgel - Asifses umeslay - Tarevledmit - Talsawalt - Tasenrenfalit - Tasegdezt - Tamsiswalt (Tamsisit n wawalen) Turdiwin (timu$liwin i yeb$a umaru ad d- yeoo s tira-s deg ume$ri. Tiwuriwin n wawalen: Fonctions des mots Yal awal n tefyirt yezmer ad yesεu yiwet si twuriwin-a: Asemmad usrid. 149

145 TASLEVT Asemmad arusrid. Asemmad anez$an: n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n wallal, n tdukli, n yeswi, n tmentilt, userwes. Asemmad war tanze$t: n wadeg, n wakud, n t$ara, n tesmekta, usegzi. Asemmad asegzay: umeggay, n wubdir, n wuddid usrid, n wuddid arusrid, n wuddid n tenze$t, n wuddid usestan, n wesnekdan, n yisem, n yeglem, n wemqim (ameskan, arbadu, udmawan ilelli). Asemmad agucclan: n yisem, umernu, n yeglem, n wemvan, n wemqim (ameskan, arbadu, udmawan ilelli). Asemmad ilelli. Asemmad ilelli usiwel. Awalen n yiwen uéar (n yiwet twacult): Mots de même racine (de même famille) Awalen n yiwen uéar d awalen i kkan-d seg yiwen uéar, rzan yiwet tekti. Aéar d aêric igebren tirgalin ( n lasel) deg wawal. Imedyaten: 150

146 TASLEVT 1- lmd d aéar i d-yefkan awalen: lmed, almud, anelmad, ulmid, ttwalmed, sselmed, aselmed, aselmad,mselmed. 2-rwl d aéar i d-yefkan awalen: rwel, tarewla, amerwal, sserwel, aserwel, mserwal, myerwal. Timawin: 1-Kra imesla ttbeddilen deg ususru, mi ara tessden: v vv = î $ $$ = q w ww = ggw y yy = gg 2-Tikwal, nezmer ad naf amgired d afessas ger yiwen usekkil n wawal d uéar-is: Md: tayerza yrz = krz / asekkil y yemgarad $ef usekkil k. 3-Llan wawalen lan iéuran ttemcabin di tal$a, maca mgaraden deg unamek: dr (i d-yefkan idir, tudert) dr (i d-yefkan ader, udru). ér (i d-yefkan éer, iéri, timeéri) ér (i d-yefkan aéar). Tarrayt unadi $ef uéar n wawal: Procédé de recherche de la racine du mot A m y a g Verbe I s e m d y e g l e m Nom et adjectif qualificatif 151

147 1-Ad nerr amyag $er tal$a taêerfit (ma yefti). 2-Ad nekkes seg-s akk ti$ra. 3-Ad nekkes seg-s azwir, ma d asuddim ne$ ad d-nefk amyag amenzu war ti$ra. 4- Ma d asuddim uddis, ad nekkes seg-s amatar n tal$a tuddist (aswa$ n wemya$, amya$ n weswa$, attwa$ n weswa$). TASLEVT 1-Ad nerr isem ne$ iglem $er wasuf, deg waddad ilelli. 2-Ad nekkes seg-s akk ti$ra d t n wunti (ma tella). 3-Ad nekkes seg-s azwir d wedfir, ma d asuddim n wemyag amenzu. 4- Ma d asuddim n wemyag asuddim ad nekkes seg-s amatar n weswa$, n wemya$ ne$ n wettwa$. 5-Ma d amyag udmawan, ad nekkes seg-s amatar-is (mmu, nn.). Timawin: 1- Deg usuffe$ uéar n wawal tussda nettaru-tt d asekkil ameqqran. Md: mdn (Medden), zmr (azemmur). 2- Mi ara yili imesli yettwales deg wawal, nettaru-t snat tikwal deg usuffe$ uéar. Md: smm (asemmam). Kra imedyaten: Quelques exemples A M Y A G I S E M IG L E M 152

148 TASLEVT Yessekcem Tinelmadin Isellawen 1- ssekcem 2- sskcm 3- kcm 1- tanelmadt 2- nlmd 3- lmd 1- asellaw 2- sllw 3- slw aéar-is: kcm aéar-is: lmd aéar-is: slw Deg wawalen nniven: Deg unadi $ef uéar n wawalen nniven: S umata, ntekkes t n wunti, seg imerna i yesεan tal$a n yisem (ma tella). Ntekkes ti$ra. Nemmal yal aêric di tama, di tal$iwin tuddisin. Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen: Les pronoms personnels libres Nekk nk Keç kç Kem km Netta nt Nettat nt (t) Nekkni nkn Nekkenti nkn (t) Kunwi knw Kunemti knm (t) Nitni ntn Nitenti ntn (t) Tal$a ta$ezzfant :: Nekkini nk (n) keççini kç(n) 153

149 TASLEVT Kemmini km (n). Uddiden (iwsilen): Les affixes inu n nnek N/k nnem N/m nnes N/s nne$ N/$ nte$ n/t tne$ tn/$ tente$ tn(t)$ twen twn twent twn(t) tsen tsn tsent tsn (t) nsen n/sn nsent n/sn (t) nwen n/wn nwent n/wn(t) Isestanen: Les interrogatifs anwa-anwi n (w) anta-anti n (t) Irbuda: Les indéfinis wayev-wiyev---- (w) yv tayev-tiyev (t) yv Imeskanen: Les démonstratifs wa-wi w waki-wiki (w)k 154

150 TASLEVT win (w)n wihin (w)hn ta-ti t taki-tiki (t)k wid (w)d tihin (t)hn Imerna: Les adverbes azekka zk dagi dg tameddit md sellazekka sl/zk seg llina dg/ln d asawen d/swn Tinza$: Les prépositions n n i y ddaw Dw deffir dfr s deffir s/dfr ger gr nnig Ng s nnig s/ng $ef $f Tis$unin: Les conjonctions ahat ht ammar Mr wamag wmg ini n acku ck Imvanen: Les nombres yiwen ywn sin sn ma m ma drus m/drs xas akken xs/kn seg wakken----- sg/kn mraw mrw 155

151 TASLEVT Ismawen n téunin: Les noms de fractions azgen zgn anekrad---- (n)krd agiman gm Igelman isuslanen: Les adjectifs numéraux ordinaux amezwaru-- zwr akradan---- krd awraw san----- mrw/s Amawal umris Lexique utilisé Abdar évocation Abhat: exclamation, étonnement Addad amaruz: état lié Addad ilelli: état libre Addad, addaden: état(s) Adeg: lieu 156

152 AMAWAL UMRIS Adfir, idfiren: suffixe(s) Aêric, iêricen: partie(s) Afra, afrayen: sentiment(s) Agama: nature Agbur: contenu, table des matières Aggay, aggayen: groupe(s) Aglam: description Agugu (tuggugt): éloignement Akud: temps Akuden imyaganen: temps verbaux Alugan, iluganen: régulier(s) Alugen, ilugan: règle(s) Amalay masculin Amallal, imallalen: auxiliaire(s) Ama$un n wurmir ussid: participe de l aoriste intensif Ama$un n wurmir: participe de l aoriste Ama$un n yezri: participe passé Ama$un, imu$an: participe(s) Amassa$, imassa$en: relatif(s) Amatar n wussid: affixe de l intensif Amatar udmawan: affixe personnel Amatar uma$un: affixe de participe Amattar, imattaren: interrogatif(s) Amaynut, imaynuten: nouveau(x) Amaélay particulier Amvan, imvanen: nombre(s) Amvay: goût Amedya, imedyaten: exemple(s) Amenzu, imenza: primaire(s) Amernu, imerna: adverbe(s) Ameskan, imeskanen: démonstratif(s) Amezgun: théâtre Amiran: présent, actuel Amqim, imqimen: pronom(s) Amside$: parallélisme Amya$: réciproque Amyag, imyagen: verbe(s) Amyagan, imyaganen: verbal(s) Anamek, inumak: sens Anav: impératif Anav ussid: impératif intensif Anemrat: douleur Anvan: transition A$anib: style A$awas: plan Arbadu, irbuda: indéfini(s) Arbib, irbiben: adjectif(s) qualificatif(s) Arlugan, irluganen: irrégulier(s) Arsenvan, irsenvanen: intransitif(s) Asefren: alternative Asegzi: explication Asekkil ameqqran: majuscule Asekkil, isekkilen: lettre(s) Asemden: personnification Asemgel: antithèse Asemmad agucclan: complément déterminatif Asemmad anez$an: complément prépositionnel Asemmad arusrid: complément d objet indirect Asemmad asegzay: complément explicatif Asemmad asegzay ilelli: thématisation Asemmad ilelli: apposition Asemmad ilelli usiwel: apostrophe Asemmad usrid: complément d objet direct Asemmad war tanze$t: complément circonstanciel Asemmad,isemmaden: complément(s) Asemres: emploi Asenvan, isenvanen: transitif(s) Asenked:: présentation 157

153 AMAWAL UMRIS Asenqev: ponctuation Aserwes: comparaison Asestan, isestanen: interrogatif(s) Asfillet optatif Asget pluriel Asifses umeslay: euphémisme Asile$: formation Asmiwer: énumération Asnekdan, isnekdanen: présentatif(s) Asuddem: dérivation Asuddim, isuddimen: dérivé(s) Asuf: singulier Asugen: imagination Asumer agejdan: proposition principale Asumer asaman: proposition juxtaposée Asumer ilelli: proposition indépendante Asumer imsentel amassa$: proposition subordonnée relative Asumer imsentel as$unan: proposition subordonnée conjonctive Asumer imsentel asaman: proposition subordonnée juxtaposée Asumer imsentel: proposition subordonnée Asunvan: injonctif Asurdu: doute Aswa$: factitif Aswir, iswiren: niveau(s) Attwa$: passif Awal asental: mot subordonnant Awelleh: conseil, directive Awfus: manuel Awsil, iwsilen: lié(s) Azamul, izumal: modèle(s), exemple(s) Azenzi$, izenzi$en: schémas Azwir, izwiren: préfixe(s) Aéar, iéuran: racine(s) Ibaw, ibawen: positif(s) Ider: fond Iferdisen: éléments Igelman isuslanen: adjectifs numéraux ordinaux Iglem, igelman: adjectif(s) qualificatif(s) Ilaw, ilawen: affirmatif(s) Ilelli, ilelliyen: libre(s), autonome(s) Imal: futur Imyagen isuddimen: verbes dérivés Imyagen n t$ara: verbes de qualité, d état Inaw asnegman: discours didactique Inaw, inawen: discours Isem amatu: nom commun Isem n tigawt: nom d action Isem n umeggay: nom d agent Isem n wallal: nom d instrument Isem uzzig: nom propre Isem, ismawen: nom(s) Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad: noms à état invariable Ismawen isuddimen (izelman): noms dérivés Ismawen n téunin: noms de fractions Ismawen n timmarewt: nom de parenté Ismawen n trakalt: noms de géographie Ismawen uddisen: noms composés Iswi: but Izider, izudar: zéro(s) Izri: passé (prétérit) Snat tneqqivin: deux points Tabehtant: exclamative Tacciwin: parenthèses Tadukli: accompagnement Tafelwit, tifelwa: tableau(x) Tafyirt taêerfit: phrase simple Tafyirt taramyagant: phrase non verbale 158

154 AMAWAL UMRIS Tafyirt tuddist: phrase complexe Tafyirt, tifyar: phrase(s) Tagrayt: conséquence Tahrayt: désinence Tajerrivt: tiret Talmest taseklant: genre littéraire Tal$a taêerfit: infinitif Tal$a tal$iwin: forme(s) Tal$a tamyagant: forme verbale Tal$a tibawt: forme affirmative Tal$iwin tigejdanin: formes principales Tal$iwin tuddisin : formes composées Talsawalt: anaphore Tama: proximité, rapprochement Tamacahut, timucuha: conte(s) Tamawt, timawin: remarque(s) Tamedyazt: poésie Tamentilt : cause Tameslayt, timeslayin: parler(s) Tamlellit: alternance Tamsertit, timsertiyin: assimilation Tamsiswalt: oxymore ou oxymoron Tamu$li,timu$liwin: regard(s) Tandemmit: regret Tasestant: interrogative Taslevt tajerrumant: analyse grammaticale Taslevt tameééult: analyse logique Taslevt taseklant: analyse littéraire Taslevt, tiselvin: analyse Tasmekta: quantité Tas$unt, tis$unin: conjonction(s) Tasunvant: impérative Tasureft, tisuraf: exception(s) Tawacult, tiwaculin: famille(s) Tawsit, tiwsatin::genre(s) Tawsit, tiwsatin: genre(s) Taneqqidt n webhat: point d exclamation Taneqqidt usesten: point d interrogation Taneqqivt, tineqqivin: point(s) Tanfalit, tinfaliyin: expression(s) Tanmegla: opposition Tannuft: retrait, alinéa Tanze$t, tinza$: préposition(s) Tanéa, tanéiwin: élision(s) Ta$ara: qualité Ta$uri, ti$uriwin: lecture(s) Ta$uyit: interjection Tarakti: fil conducteur Taratsa, tiratsiwin: grille(s) Tarvelnamka: métaphone Tarevledmit: allégorie Targalt, tirgalin: consonne(s) Tarrayt, tarrayin: méthode(s), procédé(s) Tasamit: juxtaposition Tasawalt, tisawalin: syllabe(s) Tasegdezt: litote Taselkant (tamse$rut): déclarative Tasemlilt, tisemlilin: synthèse(s) Tasenrenfalit: hyperbole Tawuri, tiwuriwin: fonction(s) Tazegzilt, tizegzilin: abréviation(s) Tazwart: introduction Tibawt: négation Ticcert tunqivt: point virgule Ticcert, tuccar: virgule(s) Tigawt, tigawin: action(s) Tikti, tiktiwin idée(s) Tilawt: affirmation Timeéri, timeéra: aspect(s), mode(s) Tinawt taddayt: énoncé minimal Tinawt, tinawin: énoncé(s) 159

155 AMAWAL UMRIS Tineqqivin n wegzam: points de suspension Ti$ri tamezwarut: voyelle initiale Ti$ri, ti$ra: voyelle(s) Tira: écriture Tis$unin n tuqqna: conjonctions de coordination Tis$unin usentel: conjonction de subordination Tiskiwt: structure Tizel$iwin n tnila: particule d orientation Tuddsa: composition Tumert: joie Turda, turdiwin: hypothèse(s), opinion(s) Tusligin: guillemets Tutlayt, tutlayin: langue(s) Tuzzigt: spécifique Uddid, uddiden: lié(s) Uddiden n wemyag: affixes de préposition Uddiden n wesnekdan: affixes de présentatif Uddiden n yisem: affixes Uddis amalay: masculin composé Uddis unti: féminin composé Udem, udmawen: personne(s) Udmawen uddisen: personnes composées Uvfir: enchaîné Uglim, uglimen: décrit(s) Ullis, ullisen: récit(s) Unti: féminin Urmir: aoriste Urmir ussid: aoriste intensif Uzwir, uzwiren: antécédent(s) 160

156 AGBUR AGBUR TAZWART... 7 AVANT-PROPOS... 9 PRÉSENTATION IXEF I : ISEM D YEGLEM Isem Isem amatu Isem uzzig Ismawen uddisen Tuddsa s bu Tuddsa s ayt, at (iderman) Ismawen n trakalt Ismawen n timmarewt Tal$iwin n yisem Tawsit Asile$ n wunti Inumak n wunti Amvan Asuf Asget Asile$ n wesget Ti$ri tamezwarut Tal$iwin tigejdanin n wesget Asget s tehrayt Asget s temlellit Asget s temlellit d tehrayt Addad Addad ilelli: Addad amaruz Ti$ri tamezwarut Ismawen irmeskilen n waddad Melmi yettili waddad amaruz? Iglem (arbib) Tal$iwin n yeglem Unti n yeglem Asget n yeglem Addad amaruz n yeglem

157 AGBUR Alugen IXEF II: AMYAG Tal$a taêerfit Imyagen iluganen d yerluganen Amyag alugan Amyag arlugan Imyagen n t$ara Imyagen isenvanen d yersenvanen Amyag asenvan Amyag arsenvan Timeéra d tal$iwin Izri Urmir Urmir ussid Anav Anav ussid Tafelwit n tmeéra Aggayen n yemyagen Udmawen Imataren udmawanen Izri n yemyagen n t$ara Udmawen uddisen Tal$a tibawt Tizel$iwin n tnila Zdat wemyag Deffir wemyag Ilugan n tseftit IXEF III: ASUDDEM Ismawen isuddimen (izelman) Isem n tigawt Isem umeggay Isem n wallal Imyagen isuddimen Aswa$ Amya$ Attwa$ Tal$iwin tuddisin Asile$ n tal$iwin tuddisin Tarrayt usile$ n yemyagen isuddimen Asuddem igelman

158 AGBUR Tal$iwin tigejdanin Asuddem seg wemyag Asuddem seg yisem Awal $ef usuddem seg yisem IXEF IV: IMQIMEN Imqimen udmawanen Imqimen udmawanen Imqimen udmawanen ilelliyen Imqimen udmawanen uddiden (iwsilen) Uddiden n yisem Uddiden n wemyag Uddiden n tenze$t Uddiden usestan Imqimen irbuda, imeskanen d isestanen Imqimen irbuda Imqimen imeskanen IXEF V: TINZA, TIS UNIN, IMERNA Tinza$ Tanze$t n Tanze$t s n tnila Tanze$t s n wallal Tamsertit Tanze$t d yisem Amassa$ d wemyag Tas$unt mi d wemyag Timsertiyin nniven Tanéa s imesli y Tazel$a n tilawt d Tis$unin Tis$unin n tuqqna Tis$unin usentel Imerna Imerna n wadeg Imerna n wakud Imerna n t$ara Imerna n tesmekta Imerna n tilawt Imerna n tibawt Imerna usurdu

159 AGBUR Imerna isestanen IXEF VI: IMVANEN D ISUDDIMEN-NSEN Imvanen Ismawen n téunin Igelman isuslanen Ta$uri d tira igelman isuslanen Tizegzilin igelman isuslanen IXEF VII: ASENQEV Ticcert Taneqqivt Ticcert tunqivt Taneqqivt usesten Taneqqivt n webhat Tineqqivin n wegzam Tacciwin Tajerrivt Tusligin Asekkil ameqqran Tannuft IXEF VIII: TIWURIWIN N YISEM Asemmad usrid Asemmad arusrid Isemmaden inez$anen Asemmad anez$an n wadeg Asemmad anez$an n wakud Asemmad anez$an n t$ara Asemmad anez$an n wallal Asemmad anez$an n tdukli Asemmad anez$an n yeswi Asemmad anez$an n tmentilt Asemmad anez$an userwes Isemmaden war tanze$t: Asemmad war tanze$t n wadeg Asemmad war tanze$t n wakud Asemmad war tanze$t n t$ara Asemmad war tanze$t n tesmekta

160 AGBUR Asemmad war tanze$t usegzi Isemmaden isegzayen Isemmaden igucclanen Asemmad n yisem Asemmad umernu Asemmad n yeglem Asemmad n wemqim Asemmad n wemvan Asemmad ilelli Asemmad ilelli usiwel Ta$uyit «tazel$a n webhat» IXEF IX : AKUDEN IMYAGANEN Izri Tal$a tilawt Tal$a tibawt Urmir Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ad Urmir s tzel$a n yimal ara Urmir war tazel$a Urmir ussid Urmir ussid war tazel$a Urmir ussid s tzel$a Imallalen Amallal ili Amallal «a$» Aserwes ger sin imallalen ili, a$ Imallalen nniven Anav d wanav ussid Anav Anav ussid Taseftit-nsen Tal$a-nsen tibawt IXEF X: TAFYIRT D USUMER Tafyirt taêerfit Tafyirt tamyagant Tafyirt taramyagant Tafyirt tuddist Tuqqna Asumer imsentel Asumer imsentel as$unan Asumer imsentel asaman

161 AGBUR Asumer imsentel asestan Asumer imsentel amassa$ Tafelwit imassa$en Tiwuriwin imassa$en IXEF XI: TASLEVT Taslevt tajerrumant Taslevt tameééult Taslevt taseklant Taratsa n teslevt tajerrumant Taratsa n teslevt tameééult Taratsa n teslevt taseklant Tiwuriwin n wawalen Awalen n yiwen uéar (n yiwet twacult) Tarrayt unadi $ef uéar n wawal Amawal umris Agbur

162