Havaria-like. pollutions of karstic drinking water sources. Lászl University of Miskolc, Hungary Eszter HAVAS- SZILÁGYI

Átírás

1 Havaria-like pollutions of karstic drinking water sources Lászl szló LÉNÁRT University of Miskolc, Hungary Eszter HAVAS- SZILÁGYI Ministry of Environment and Water, Hungary Workshop on the protection of groundwater as a source of drinking water in karst areas Malinska, Island Krk April 2008

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3 Miskolctapolca

4 History 1884 first preparation of the Miskolc Waterwork K. Papp detailed geological investigation planning on different sites Unknown 1913

5 History 1909 construction of the Italian well and of the pumping station 1913 starting water supply from Miskolctapolca waterwork enlargement of Miskolctapolca waterwork: New well

6 designation of the drinking water protection area

7 Continous research Miskolctapolca area Hydraulic modelling A. Csepregi 1994 Tracing tests L. Sásdi 2000

8 June 2006 drinking water pollution People seeking medical aid due to the disease: nearly 4000 (affected probably a couple of thousands more)

9 Events in detail

10 2 June Extreme rainfall in the Bükk Mts. 1 May - 6 June 280 mm 2 June 73 mm superposed on the high water levels of April and May floods in the water courses

11 A csapadék mennyisége a Bükkben 2006 Utolsó adat június 17. csapadék mm-ben Precipitation 2006 Bükk B Mts P. Kovács Miskolc-Felsőhámor Miskolc-Ómassa Nagyvisnyó-Bánkút Jávorkút Répáshuta

12 A csapadék óránkénti összegei június 2. Jávorkút csapadék (mm) 0-1 h 1-2 h 2-3 h 3-4 h 4-5 h 5-6 h 6-7 h 7-8 h 8-9 h 9-10 h h h h h h h h h h h h h h 23-0 h Precipitation 2 June 2006 Jávork J vorkút P. Kovács óránkénti csapadék (mm) összegzett csapadék (mm)

13 Measurments in St.. István Cave Water level 25 Miskolc, Szt. István-barlang, Pokol Vízszint (2006) Vízszint [ m ] Vízszint [ mbf ]

14 03 June (Saturday) karst-flood in the Bükk Mts. (first site investigation) Due to turbidity 2 springs are excluded from the supply Miskolctapolca waterwork is temporarily (13 hours) excluded from the supply due to high turbidity (>10 NTU) Warning the public in the radio to boil the water Miskolctapolca waterwork is back to supply for 22 hours

15 Bükkszentlászló,, Tatárárok rok 03 June 2006

16 04 June (Sunday, Pentecost) Miskolctapolca waterwork is excluded again first due to turbidity, then to bacterial pollution from the supply for 7 months New well

17 06 June Sampling for bacteriological analyses 07 June Sampling for water-biological analyses 08 June Positive bacteriological results (fecal contamination starting of substantive measures Meeting of concerned institutions, information for the public, Decision for packed drinking water 09 June Data collection from the karst water monitoring system (Mr. Lenart is one the infected) 12 June The water can be used if boiled Miskolc University is charged by the Waterwork for the detailed investigation

18 Turbidity in the New well Napi csapadék, Bánkút [mm] Zavarosság napi minimuma [NTU] Zavarosság napi maximuma [NTU] Kizárási határ zavarosság alapján Nv-17 mértékadó karsztvízszint [ mbf] Napi csapadék [mm]; Zavarosság [NTU] Mértékadó karsztízszint [mbf]

19 Bacterial contamination (Enterococcus) Miskolctapolcai Vízmű, bakteriális szennyeződés, Enterococcus, teljes mérési időtartam Csapadék Avas (mm) Nyers víz Enterococcus szám (db/100 ml-ben) Bakteriális terhelés [ db/1 ml; db/100 ml ] Övárok 1. Enterococcus szám (db/100 ml-ben) Övárok 2. Enterococcus szám (db/100 ml-ben) Klórozott víz Enterococcus szám (db/100 ml-ben) Napi csapadék az avasi mérőállomáson [ mm ]

20 Bacterial contamination (Ps. aeruginosa Miskolctapolcai Vízmű, bakteriális szennyeződés, Ps. aeruginosa, összehasonlítható mérési időtartam Csapadék Avas (mm) Nyers víz Ps. aeruginosa szám (db/100 ml-ben) Bakteriális terhelés [ db/1 ml; db/100 ml ] Övárok 1. Ps. aeruginosa szám (db/100 ml-ben) Övárok 2. Ps. aeruginosa szám (db/100 ml-ben) Klórozott víz Ps. aeruginosa szám (db/100 ml-ben) Napi csapadék az avasi mérőállomáson [ mm ]

21 16 June Water supply is back to normal, special prescription for 0,3 mg/l active chloride in the end points of the supply system 3 July Draft fact finding report of the municipality Miskolc August Investigation and report in the Ministry of Environment and Water September October Final report of Miskolc Report to Environmental Commission of the Parliament

22 Summary of the reports Circumstances leading to the pollution: Extreme precipitation high karstwater table The precipitation on the catchment area of the Tapolca springs (76 km2) was cca. 17 million m3 in May and June, The water abstraction from the Bükk Karst in 2005 was 25,2 million m3. The yield of the Tapolca springs during the flood is estimated of m3/d. (The maximum yield between was measured at. 19. March 1966: m3/d) The yield measured at 4. May 2006 between the two flood peak was m3/d

23 Pollution sources on the DWPA (drinking water protection area) domestic wastewater - overflow in the treatment plant, probable leakege of the collecting system wastewater not connected to the collecting system rainwater-connecting to the wastewater system animal farms (horses) illegal waste- and wastewater disposals etc

24 A single pollution source causing the pollution could not been identified

25 Miskolctapolca

26 Deficiencies in the operation of the Waterwork Inadequate checking of the DWPA Inadequate monitoring of the supply system Inadequate chlorinisation system Lack of quick tests Etc.

27 Necessary measures (many) revision of the DWPA according to the new regulation better control of the pollution sources Special protection for caves and sinkholes investments in the waterwork improvement of the operation of the waterwork preparation for havaria events quick bacteriological tests Improvement of the karst monitoring Raising public awareness

28 Catchments of Miskolctapolca B. Hernádi 2006

29 Karst monitoring in the Bükk Mts. (January 2007)

30 Planned new monitoring wells

31 Conclusions Karst systems are highly vulnerable (no news) Extreme meteorological events are more and more likely due to the climate change For safe drinking water supply pollution sources should be eliminated The drinking water protection area needs continuous control Operation of the waterwork should be of high quality Monitoring of the karst Monitoring of the abstracted water (quick tests) Havaria plans Public awareness

32 Miskolctapolca thermal cave