Hilton Garden Inn, in downtown Cleveland, November , 2009, U.S. Thanksgiving weekend

Átírás

1 The Hungarian Association invites all guests to celebrate and commemorate the 20 th anniversary of the Pan- European Picnic, Friday, Nov. 27, at noon. Details will be available in the program booklet. PAN-EUROREAN PICNIC PART ONE The Pan-European Picnic/ Páneurópai piknik was a peace demonstration held on the Austrian-Hungarian border near the town of Sopron on 19 August 1989, an important event in political developments which led to the fall of the Iron Curtain, the reunification of Germany and in the end the eastern enlargement of the European Union. In a symbolic gesture agreed to by both countries, a border gate on the road from Sankt Margarethen im Burgenland (Austria) to Sopronkőhida (Hungary) was to be opened for three hours. About 3.7 miles away from this spot on 27 June 1989, Austria's then foreign minister Alois Mock and his Hungarian counterpart Gyula Horn had together cut through the border fence, in a move highlighting Hungary's decision to dismantle its surveillance installations along the border, a process started on 2 May More than 600 East Germans seized the opportunity presented by this brief lifting of the Iron Curtain and fled into the west. In the run-up to 19 August, the organizers of the Pan-European Picnic had distributed pamphlets advertising the event. The Hungarian border guards, however, reacted judiciously to the growing number of people fleeing, and, despite their orders to shoot anyone who attempted to cross the border, did not intervene. In Budapest and around the Lake Balaton, thousands more East Germans were waiting for their chance to cross the border, not believing that the border would be opened, and not trusting the procedures in place. The number of people who crossed the border into the west on the day of this event was therefore Lobenwein Tamás ( ) fotóriporter limited to no more than a few hundred. Over the next few days, the Hungarian government increased the number of guards patrolling its western border, so that only a relatively small number actually reached the west successfully. On 11 September 1989, Hungary finally opened its borders for citizens of the German Democratic Republic for good. The picnic was organized by members of four Hungarian opposition parties, the Hungarian Democratic Forum the Alliance of Free Democrats, the Fidesz and FKGP. The following weeks saw a definite change in the perception of the Invitation to the opening of the exhibition, on the 10 th anniversary, 19th August 1999, at Pannonia Med Hotel, Sopron. Presenter: Then-Hungarian Foreign Minister Dr. János Martonyi previously impenetrable Iron Curtain. Commemorative ceremonies are held each year on 19 August at the place where the border was opened. Today the place of the picnic is marked by a monument of Miklós Melocco, by a bell presented from the city of Debrecen (from where the idea of the Picnic emerged), a pagoda presented by the Association of the Japanese Hungarian Friendship and by a wooden monument unveiled by the organizers in A large artwork symbolizing a Cross and a barbed wire can be found at the Cave Theatre of Fertőrákos, a few kilometers from the site. The artwork was made by Gabriela von Habsburg, a daughter of Otto von Habsburg.

2 The picnic that brought down the Berlin Wall In one of history's hidden turning points, a gambit by Hungarian officials opened the door to the collapse of the Eastern Bloc. By Michael Meyer, Newsweek's bureau chief for Germany and Eastern Europe in 1989, is the author of The Year That Changed the World. Copyright 2009, The Los Angeles Times September 13, 2009 Twenty years ago, on Sept. 11, 1989, the plug was pulled on the bathtub of Soviet empire. At the stroke of midnight, tiny communist Hungary threw open the gates to freedom and the West. Tens of thousands of people surged across the suddenly unguarded border. Scenes of jubilation, of families reunited after decades of captivity in Eastern Europe, flashed around the world. Newsweek's cover dubbed it the "Great Escape." From one day to the next, Americans awoke to a startling new reality. Suddenly, it was possible to imagine the unimaginable: the fall of the Iron Curtain and an end to the Cold War. The coming months will see a crescendo of 20th anniversary commemorations of communism's final days, culminating on Nov. 9, the night the Berlin Wall came down. For many, Americans especially, the fall of the wall was a glorious moment, emblematic of the West's victory in the Cold War. "We won!" Yet if you watched the East Bloc's disintegration from the ground, as I did over that fateful year, you saw it as more ambiguous. The founding fiction of our Cold War "triumph" -- that it validated decades of containment and militarist confrontation -- gives way to a more nuanced appreciation of the other forces that were at work. Among them: the actions of others, often unnoticed by the rest of the world. The Great Escape made history. But the real story, largely untold, is how it came to pass. Every great event has its hidden turning points. Victory in World War II, some say, hinged on Operation Fortitude, Britain's legendary gambit to fool Hitler into thinking the Allied invasion of 1944 would come near Calais rather than the beaches of Normandy. Similarly, the collapse of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Cold War had their roots, in part, in a bold gamble that unfolded, all but invisibly, one fine summer day in 1989 on the Austrian-Hungarian frontier. PAN-EUROREAN PICNIC PART II The date was Aug. 19. The place: Sopron, a sleepy provincial town in western Hungary. Even in such a backwater, the winds of change were blowing. In Moscow, Mikhail Gorbachev was at work, shaking up the old Soviet sphere. In Poland, the famous trade union known as Solidarity faced off against its communist masters. Closer to home, in Hungary itself, a new generation of reform-minded communists had taken charge. Almost overnight, they wrote a U.S.-style constitution and began speaking openly of a free press, free markets and free elections. Emboldened, a small group of local Sopron activists decided to celebrate the new spirit. Their modest aim: put up some tents, hire a brass band and let the beer and good vibes flow. One of the organizers came up with an especially inspired idea -- to briefly open a gate through the barbed-wire frontier to Austria, allowing people to casually stroll back and forth across the border for the first time in four decades. They called it the Pan-European Picnic. Because anything involving the border was a matter of extreme sensitivity, their request for a permit came to the attention of Hungary's young prime minister, Miklos Nemeth, the man behind so many of the Gorbachev-like changes taking place. Immediately, a light bulb went off in his head. Every summer, tourists from East Germany descended on Hungary, where "goulash economics," mixing Marxist industrial planning with a measure of free enterprise, provided things unavailable elsewhere in the grit-gray Soviet sphere: nice restaurants, ample food, good wine. But this year would be different. This year, Nemeth decided to use Hungary's visitors as pawns in a great geopolitical chess game. Since 1988, Hungarian citizens had been allowed to travel relatively freely. But East Germans were still not allowed by their government to cross into Western Europe. Although they could vacation in Hungary, there was a mutual treaty in force obliging the Hungarians to ensure that East Germans did not escape to the West. Earlier in 1989, before the seasonal onslaught of East German tourists, Nemeth had very publicly ordered the electricity in the barbed-wire border with the West turned off. Border guards began ceremoniously cutting down large swathes of the barrier -- filmed by Western TV crews summoned for the occasion. Nemeth intended this as a clear message to Hungary's East German guests. Look folks, he declared in effect, a hole in the Iron Curtain. There's nothing to prevent you from "escaping" through it to freedom. Nemeth hoped to unleash a flood. He believed that a mass escape of East Germans from Hungary would pose an existential threat to the regime of Erich Honecker, the dictatorial boss of the German Democratic Republic. He also believed that if Honecker fell, it would bring down the Berlin Wall -- and with it the entire communist bloc. Amid the chaos, he could realize his true goal. Hungary too would gain its freedom. As plots go, this was ambitious, no less grand in scope and ultimate consequence than Winston Churchill's Operation Fortitude. But there was a hitch. Hungary's East Germans didn't seem to be getting the message. Despite Nemeth's televised border-snipping, only a handful had mustered up the courage to cross the border. And so he seized on the Pan-European Picnic. Secretly, he and his team went into operation. As the day of the picnic approached, they put their own parallel plan into action -- in cahoots with the West German intelligence service. Fliers similar to those distributed by the official organizers soon began appearing in camps where East Germans were staying, emblazoned with the iconic image of a dove soaring in flight across the barbed-wire frontier. Come one, come all, they read. Eat, drink and be merry. Snip a piece of the Iron Curtain as a souvenir. But be careful not to stray. The border is unguarded. Why, you might just stumble into Austria and no one would notice! Behind the scenes, buses were arranged to transport would-be escapees. Hungarian border guards were ordered to withdraw. As this new D- day dawned, the official organizers expected a few hundred people. Imagine their shock when the same scene played and replayed throughout the afternoon. Buses would arrive. East German tourists would get off, blink in confusion at the bizarre spectacle -- then dash toward the open border gate to Austria. Fewer than 700 East Germans left that day, but it was enough. In the days after the Pan-European Picnic, what had been a fearful trickle quickly became a flood. As for Nemeth, he was proved a prophet. Within weeks, Honecker was ousted in a Politburo putsch. Within three months, the Berlin Wall fell. East Germany collapsed, revolution swept Eastern Europe and the Soviet empire was no more. The Hungarian Association invites all guests to celebrate and commemorate the 20 th anniversary of the Pan-European Picnic, Friday, Nov. 27, at noon. Details will be available in the program booklet... magyartarsasag@nadas.org

3 Hilton Garden Inn, in downtown Cleveland, November , 2009, U.S. Thanksgiving weekend Opening the Borders / Határnyitás protokoll nélkül már kinyitott többszáz keletnémet menekült. Életképek egy 1945 óta nem használt határúton. A Sopron - St.Margarethen (Szentmargitbánya) közötti régi pozsonyi utat a piknik napján több ezren népesítették be. A hivatalos határnyitás előtti pillanatok Snapshots of the Picnic / Pillanatképek a piknikről Filep Mária (Debrecen) és Dr. Magas László (Sopron) kinyítják a határkaput - melyet fél órával korábban, minden

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5 A Magyar Társaság szeretettel várja minden kongresszusi résztvevőt a Páneurópai piknik megemlékezésre, pénteken november 27. én, 12. órakor. A részleteket a programkönyvben fogjuk felmutatni. Meghívó a 1989-es megemlékezésre Sopronban, előadó: volt-külügyminiszter Dr. Martonyi Janos Határnyitás: A két ország (Ausztria és Magyarország) beleegyezésével ehhez szimbolikusan egy határátkelőt nyitottak Szentmargitbánya (Sankt Margarethen im Burgenland) és Sopronkőhida között három órányi időtartamra. Ugyanazon a helytől 4 kilométerre már ezt megelőzően, június 27-én az akkori osztrák külügyminiszter Alois Mock és magyar kollégája Horn Gyula közösen vágták el a határzárat, hogy kihangsúlyozzák a megfigyelőberendezés ek lebontását, amelyet Magyarország május 2-án elkezdett. A páneurópai pikniket megelőzte még a Tóka, Türke és Felsőszölnök faluk találkozója a jugoszláv-osztrák-magyar hármas határnál, amikor is a magyar falu ismét csatlakozhatott a régi hagyományos találkozóhoz, június 4-én, négy évtized után első ízben megnyitva a határt. A páneurópai pikniken több mint 600 NDK-állampolgár használta fel a vasfüggöny megnyílásának rövid pillanatát arra, hogy nyugatra szökjön, miután előzőleg röplapokon felhívták a figyelmüket a páneurópai piknikre. A magyar határőrség, Bella Árpád határőr alezredes bölcsességének köszönhetően az érvényben levő lőparancs ellenére sem avatkozott közbe. Budapesten és főleg a Balaton térségében több ezer NDK-állampolgár várakozott a határátlépés esélyére, akik nem bíztak a határ megnyitásában. Ezért azoknak a száma, akik nyugatra távoztak ezen a napon, alig néhány száz volt. A következő napokban a magyar kormány kérésére a nyugati határ őrizetét megerősítették, így az NDK-polgárok szeptember 11-én bekövetkezett végleges kiengedése előtt viszonylag keveseknek sikerült a szökés. A páneurópai piknik fontos mérföldkő azokban a folyamatokban, amelyek a német újraegyesítéshez vezettek. Minden évben augusztus 19-én emlékünnepet tartanak a határ megnyitásának helyén. A piknik szervezői az ellenzéki Magyar Demokrata Fórum debreceni és soproni, a Szabad Demokraták Szövetsége, A FIDESZ és az FkgP soproni szervezetei voltak. A fővédnökök Habsburg Ottó és Pozsgay Imre voltak. A következő hetekben a vasfüggöny arculata döntően megváltozott. Arra a helyre, ahol a határátkelőt áttörték a menekültek, egy az egykori szervezők által 1991-ben felállított kopjafa, a Debrecen városától kapott lélekharang, a Japán-Magyar Baráti Társaság által épített pagodaszerű épület és kút valamint egy kinyíló kaput ábrázoló magyar műalkotás emlékeztet ben a 20. évfordulóra augusztus 19-én avatják fel Melocco Miklós szoborkompozícióját ban a Sopron melleti Fertőrákoson felállítottak egy 10 méter magas acélplasztikát, Gabriela von Habsburg alkotását. A szobor egy darab szögesdrótot jelképez, amely távolról nézve kereszt alakot mutat.