GREEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES

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1 This project is supported by the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity PROGRESS ( ) Contracting Authority: European Commission GREEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES This programme is implemented by the European Commission. It was established to financially support the implementation of the objectives of the European Union in the employment, social affairs and equal opportunities area, and thereby contribute to the achievement of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals in these fields.the seven-year Programme targets all stakeholders who can help shape the development of appropriate and effective employment and social legislation and policies, across the EU-27, EFTA-EEA and EU candidate and precandidate countries. For more information see: The information contained in this publication does not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission

2 ENG. This project is supported by the European Union Programme for Employment and Social Solidarity - PROGRESS ( ) Contracting Authority: European Commission GREEN EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES Project duration: This programme is implemented by the European Commission. It was established to financially support the implementation of the objectives of the European Union in the employment, social affairs and equal opportunities area, and thereby contribute to the achievement of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals in these fields.the seven-year Programme targets all stakeholders who can help shape the development of appropriate and effective employment and social legislation and policies, across the EU-27, EFTA-EEA and EU candidate and pre-candidate countries. For more information see: The information contained in this publication does not necessarily reflect the position or opinion of the European Commission 2

3 Name of the project: Green Employment Opportunities (GEO) Project holder: Croatian Employment Service Regional Office Zagreb, Zvonimirova 15, Zagreb Partners: BFI, Hungary L&R Social Research, Austria WYG Consulting Ltd., Croatia City of Zagreb Value of the project: EUR 135, ; EUR 108, of which is financed by the EU Objective of the project is to develop partnership that will identify best practices in the field of cross border cooperation with emphasis on green economy employment, with the highest potential of transferability to the Republic of Croatia. Results: Project implementation resulted in series of activities involving employees of the Croatian Employment Service and their partners. Activities included a transnational forum, education in training trainers, education in feasibility studies, round table, workshops and a transnational conference. The following are the results of implemented activities: publication of Green Jobs Best Practice Models of Green Economy in Austria and Hungary and Analysis of Cooperation between Employers and Public Services in Croatia, Toolkit and Comparative Study. 3

4 Problem of Unemployment in Croatia Croatia is going through the restructuring process, which is characterised by changes in workforce demand within sectors, privatisation, restructuring of the public sector and economic adjustment. All of the above will probably influence a large number of workers. Furthermore, existing problems in the labour market are worsening, such as low and decreasing share of workforce, high unemployment rate, firing of workforce and large informal sector, deficiency of qualified human capital and inconsistency between skills and needs of the labour market. Unemployment rate was high in 2012 as well, and it amounted to 18%, and increasing trend of unemployment continued also in According to the data for the period between January and August 2014, registered unemployment rate in Croatia was 20.2 % (source: Croatian Bureau of Statistics). Only limited improvement was achieved by reducing structural weaknesses of the labour market in Croatia, which is still reflected in low employment rate and low share of the employed, as well as in high long-term unemployment rates and youth unemployment. Outstanding problems are long-term unemployment and youth unemployment. Most likely causes of long-term unemployment are inadequate educational background and skills that are not suitable with demands on the labour market, lack of work experience and lack of motivation following long-term absence from a workplace, along with low professional mobility and unwillingness to participate in retraining and additional training programmes. The employers often think that long-term unemployed individuals are unemployable because they do not possess the skills that a volatile labour market demands of them. Long-term unemployment prevails among less educated and older unemployed individuals, while youth unemployment is related with a lack of initial work experience, like we explained in the previous paragraph. Further decrease in overall unemployment rate and solutions for those specific problems are priorities in the following period. What are green jobs? 4

5 Concept of green jobs refers to the jobs in agriculture, production, construction, installation and maintenance, and in scientific, technological, administrative and service activities that contribute to preservation of nature. That includes jobs which relate to preservation and recovery of ecosystems and biodiversity, decrease of energy, resources and water consumption by means of high efficiency and lowcarbon economy, along with renewable energy resources and decrease in emission of greenhouse gases. Green economy shall create and it is already creating new occupations. Some old ones are going to be replaced, some are going to vanish, and some are going to be fundamentally changed. Some green jobs are easier to characterise as environmentally friendly for example, workers who install solar panels or wind turbines, while others are much more difficult to identify, such as those relating to various suppliers which produce some specific parts that are used in production of panels or turbines. Green jobs do not employ solely high-tech experts (although Europe will need scientists, explorers and engineers). Renewable energy sources industry is rapidly growing, and with almost 2.5 million employees, it represents a great potential. Nearly half of jobs related with renewable energy resources refers to the production of biofuel. Energy efficiency and environmental preservation show a positive impact on employment and economic growth, and they also facilitate new employment and a job for those already employed who attended trainings, certifications and acquired new skills and knowledge. Green jobs in Croatia issues and development opportunities Upon becoming a full member of the European Union on July 1, 2013, the Republic of Croatia, along with other member states, assumed the obligation of increase in use of energy from renewable sources, by virtue of Directive 209/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. Thereupon, share of energy from renewable sources in gross final consumption should amount to at least 20% in 2020, on the level of European Union. According to the UNDP s (United Nations Development Programme) analysis, there are currently around 27,000 employees in energy sector, but there are no available data on how many of those is green, i.e. renewable. Green jobs share is estimated at up to 10% (2,700) on the basis of green energy share in production (10%) and final consumption (7%). Direct employment in green energetics implies production of equipment and maintenance. 5

6 Considering those two together, number of direct jobs in green energetics is estimated at around 4,400, and 34,000 of indirect and induced jobs. As a part of this project, project partner L&R Social Research made a report Green jobs - Best practice models of green economy in Austria and Hungary. Cluster-landscapes from Upper Austria and Styria are stated as positive examples of green jobs development implemented on the basis of Green jobs masterplan. Examples of other projects are stated, mostly including building of passive houses, renewable energy sources plants, technology development and modernisation, and all in accordance with sustainable development principles. Jobs were opened in both public and private sector, and focus of some projects was precisely youth employment, i.e. employments of interns. Significance of qualified workforce in the field of green jobs is highlighted, along with the need for institutional and cross-sectoral cooperation. Hungarian projects are focused on raising awareness of climate changes and development of economic system which is going to have the smallest effect on climate changes. That includes decrease in overall energy consumption, but also increase in share of so-called green energy, which implements opening of new workplaces in so-called green jobs. Significance of education in such jobs is highlighted, as well as a need for cooperating with national and international experts. Publication offers a review of series of successfully implemented projects in these two countries that can provide as an example for project implementation in Croatia. Cooperation between employers and public services is one of the key elements for success of an entire employment procedure. In order to achieve improvements, it was necessary to analyse current state and to evaluate cooperation so far. That analysis was conducted by WYG Consulting from Zagreb, and it was published under the title Analysis of cooperation between employers and public services in Croatia. Cooperation between employers and public services is conducted on three levels: services provided to employers by the Croatian Employment Service (CES), services provided to employers by other public institutions and local cooperation in human resources development projects. The study shows that a small percentage of employers uses services of the CES (and other public services), where measure of job notifications is mostly used and measures of active employment policy. A need for establishing of entrepreneurial zones and incubators, along with business parks and development agencies was highlighted, with special emphasis on development of small and middle-sized enterprises. Insufficient involvement of employers in partnership activities, inadequate capacity for preparation and implementation of projects and insufficiently defined role of local partnerships were highlighted as biggest problems. Special attention needs to be focused on in informing employers on services provided by public services, with 6

7 an emphasis on use of digital technology. In order to track improvement, it is necessary to conduct surveys which refer to a long-term period and to examination of labour market, and surveys conducted in Austria can serve as examples. Reports and all related activities had an objective of connecting the unemployed with local participants who are involved in implementation of employment projects. It was expected that previous projects will serve as a pool of ideas that will create new projects and activities in the field of employment in green jobs; naturally, with necessary adjustments to Croatian labour market. The Croatian Employment Service, Regional Office Zagreb, has made a comparative study as a part of this project, and it points to opportunities for development of green jobs in the Republic of Croatia, and it also points to a need for development of overall cross-sectoral strategic development that will facilitate systematic development of green employment in a systematised manner. The study is based on experience of partners from Hungary and Austria. As a part of that, a detailed analysis of the labour market was conducted, as well as of possibilities of applying that model of employment in Croatia. The following sectors are deemed as the most appropriate for green jobs: solar thermal systems, applying measures of energy efficiency in construction, use of biomass, building of wind power plants. Apart from written publications and workshops, the Croatian Employment Service, Regional Office Zagreb, implemented a series of activities with the objective to raise awareness on employment opportunities in green economy, which is predicted to be the fastest growing sector in the future. Transnational forum Transnational GEO forum was held between April 22 and April 24, 2014 in the town of Szombathely in Hungary. Representatives from Croatia, Austria and Hungary participated in the forum. The topic of the Forum was the exchange of experiences in green employment as well as in the implementation of green economy projects. 7

8 Results and experience in project implementation so far were presented. Discussion was held on existing regulations, procedures in project implementation, experience from previous facilities and exchange of experience in project implementation. New ideas were presented for implementation of current and future projects and improvement of cross border cooperation. Moreover, further cooperation on the project was agreed upon, as well as future roles within the project. Workshops A workshop Training of trainers for implementation of the Toolkit was held between October 13 and October 24, Workshop participants acquired knowledge and skills pertaining to business environment and management, skills in project management and also in human resources management. The workshop was predicted for the employees of the Croatian Employment Service. Apart from acquiring skills necessary for better business operations and implementation of the projects in green economy sector, attendees were also introduced to services and tools for easier communication with the sector of demand in the labour market. Special attention was given to the field of marketing and presentation skills, which was the topic of the second part of the workshop. 8

9 Evaluation of the workshop was also conducted, which showed that it has completely fulfilled the participants expectations; interactive and pleasant work atmosphere was created; trainers were deemed as individuals with professional competencies who transferred their knowledge in a clear and articulate manner, answered all of the participants questions and tried to make training interesting, while the materials provided were deemed useful for further work. The trainers assessed that it is necessary to continue with development of communication skills and of ability of assessing employers needs (Needs Analysis). Review of employers satisfaction with services provided should be a continuous process involving advisors and simultaneously teaching them to suggest improvements based on feedback. Experience in project management could also contribute to advisors competency to introduce concepts of green employment and green jobs on the labour market. Prior to the training, knowledge and skills required for market segmentation, development of a human resources strategy and consolidation of consulting and presentation skills were deemed to be key competencies for achieving successful cooperation with the employers, along with marketing and presentation skills. The Croatian Employment Service should pay special attention to targeted developments of its employees competencies. Measures that could improve mutual cooperation between the Croatian Employment Service and the employers, in terms of green jobs were proposed during the training. Most of them refer to making employers and the unemployed familiar with the concept of green jobs, and to increasing cooperation with other institutions. It is also necessary to provide a feedback system in order to establish a more transparent relationship between employers and the Croatian Employment Service and to give CES greater influence on development of strategies 9

10 concerning human potential development. Lack of resources and time were mentioned as main obstacles to the strengthening of further cooperation. Second workshop, also involving the CES employees, was held in October and November. Training was concerned with feasibility studies, and it consisted of several modules: planning and identification of basic project parameters and investments, strategic analysis and strategic planning, arranging the financial package for the project and statistical project evaluation, method of cost-benefit analysis and method of evaluating project results. Considering that in 2013 almost 5000 people decided to establish their own business venture as part of Active employment policy measures, i.e. measure of Self-employment, the CES has become a sort of a start-up generator. As a part of this training, the CES advisors will, upon completion of this project, be trained to prepare and evaluate feasibility studies, and to provide adequate support to those unemployed individuals who decide to establish their own business venture. 10

11 Round table. Round table was held on October 23, A number of experts participated and tried to provide answers to the questions pertaining to opportunities for green economy development, and to offer support of the educational system to that particular economic sector. The following participants took part: representatives of the Faculty of Economics and Business in Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Algebra College, representatives of WIFI Institute and WYG Consulting, Association of Technical Culture in Zagreb County and the Mayor of Sv. Ivan Zelina. Green economy was highlighted as the sector of activities that will provide new employment opportunities, although it is necessary to precisely define that concept and to assess the current state of that sector in Croatia. It is necessary to make learning about new technologies available within the real sector, in order to train younger, but also older people, who are looking for work or seeking further improvement. Apart from retraining and additional training, it is necessary to raise awareness on the environment and green economy form the youngest age, with the objective of lifelong learning. Use of renewable energy sources includes the use of new technologies. A job in the field of green economy includes technology development and research, which includes work of experts with different degrees of education. The Mayor of the Town of Sv. Ivan Zelina, Hrvoje Koščec, owner of a passive house himself, highlighted the significance of gradually introducing the public with the concept of passive houses and with the fact that such houses do not necessarily include installation of expensive sophisticated technology. Green economy does not necessarily imply introduction of new jobs and occupations, but it encourages performance of existing jobs in a new, more environmentally friendly way. In Croatia, the fear of science is still present among small entrepreneurs, which needs to be solved by developing a service that will attract large number of users, and also by education of personnel. It is necessary to reduce the emigration of highly educated experts to a minimum. Green economy is an interdisciplinary field and it needs to be perceived as a group of horizontally connected activities. Green economy is an opportunity for structural changes in employment, which implies inclusion of institutions, as well as of individuals. It is necessary to determine which jobs from the green economy sector have real chances of success and to organize and implement educative programmes accordingly. 11

12 Transnational conference Transnational conference held on November 6 and November 7, 2014, in Dubrovnik Hotel in Zagreb, gathered a number of international and domestic experts. Results of the project implementation achieved so far were presented through lectures, along with experience from others, previously conducted projects which can be implemented in Croatia. Results of the project implementation so far were presented first, and they were published in a form of a booklet. A model of cooperation between employers and public services, developed by a project partner WYG Consulting Ltd., analysed relations between those two entities. Classification of green job employers and of services they provide was made. Jürgen Grandits, representative of BFI Hungary, a partner form Hungary, presented best practice models of green economy and green employment. Role of politics was highlighted as the key factor for success of green jobs and green employment model, because politics has to provide a goal, measures and development strategy. Modelled after the document Europe 2020, which predicts opening of up to 3 million new green jobs, the Austrian Ministry of Life issued a Master plan whose aim was opening new jobs, with focus on agriculture and forestry, renewable energy resources and tourism. In his lecture, Julije Domac, PhD, Managing Director of North-West Croatia Regional Energy Agency and FEDERANE (European Federation of Agencies and Regions for Energy and the Environment) emphasized energy efficiency as a key element of sustainable future, and he highlighted significance of local and regional level in required transition. The Mayor of the Town of Sv. Ivan Zelina, Hrvoje Košćec, presented an example of engaging individuals and local community in renewable energy sources projects. It is necessary to make the public familiar with a concept of a passive house, and with other types of renewable energy resources, while it is important to communicate that it is not high technology and it is available to 12

13 everyone. In order to use green economy opportunities, it is necessary to harmonise the educational system with the labour market. In his lecture, Ivan Vlainić, President of the Association of Technical Culture in Zagreb County, emphasized the need for educated workforce and better cooperation between education institutions and employers. The first day of the conference was concluded by Predrag Bejaković, PhD, from the Institute of Public Finance, whose lecture emphasized significance of optimal coordination and cooperation between all stakeholders in the process of green economy development. As mentioned in previous workshops, the Republic of Croatia has all the prerequisites for transferring to green economy and for strong economic development and there are many strategies pertaining to the issue. On the second day of conference, Birgit Birnstingl, representative of Sekem AT, mentioned eco clusters as an example that is most applicable to Croatia. Due to small surface of agricultural land, it was necessary to unite farmers with specific products, in which case the cooperation was maintained also with other sectors of activities, such as tourism. In order to maintain the region balanced, it is necessary to balance its education, economy and culture. Professor Ljubomir Majdančić, PhD, determined geographical position of Croatia as having the potential for the use of solar energy, along with potential environmental risks of using fossil fuels, and also with economic risks. Existing legal regulations are making the use of solar energy more difficult, which poses a problem, along with people s adjustment to new technologies. Final lecture at the conference was held by Goran Jeras, who mentioned ethical banks as an inventive model of social and solidarity economy. It is one of the instruments of new economy, locally and democratically oriented, where clients of the bank are also its owners. Community and social entrepreneurship is stated as the basis of EU s recovery from crisis, along with local focus: mini factories and use of local resources. Agriculture, combined with 13

14 biomass-based energetics, wind power plants and solar energy can satisfy 100% of green jobs employment needs. The emphasis of this project was on initiating and establishing of new jobs in the field of green economy. That field of economy was so far less known, which also means less represented in overall labour market. Through workshops, meetings and a conference, experts in relevant fields clearly emphasized potential for the use of renewable energy resources in Croatia, and for opening of new jobs in green economy. Partners from Austria and Hungary presented examples of successful projects in the fields of energetics, agriculture and tourism, with an emphasis on cross-sectoral cooperation. Green economy and green jobs sector was recognized as a key of further development of Croatia, with a potential for employing a larger number of people. In order to make that real, it was necessary to establish better cooperation between education institutions and employers, which the project accomplished by declaring needs of the labour marker for specific workforce. A large number of the Croatian Employment Service s employees was educated in workshops and training that were held, and they will transfer their knowledge further to other employees of the CES. A larger number of people will thus be familiar with a concept of green jobs, as well as with employment opportunities in that sector of activities. The project introduced the public and all relevant stakeholders with a wide aspect of employment opportunities in this sector, but also with a popularisation of renewable energy resources which are also available to individuals, and not only to legal entities, because those systems do not require expensive technology. The project will continue to give positive results even after its official conclusion, precisely because of further dissemination and multiplying positive effects. 14

15 HR. Ovaj projekt financira se iz Programa Europske unije za zapošljavanje i socijalnu solidarnost PROGRESS ( ). Ugovorno tijelo: Europska komisija MOGUĆNOSTI ZELENOG ZAPOŠLJAVANJA Trajanje projekta: Ovaj program provodi Europska komisija. Pokrenut je kako bi financijski podržao provedbu ciljeva Europske unije u područjima zapošljavanja, društvenih pitanja i jednakih mogućnosti, a na taj način pridonosi i ostvarenju ciljeva europske strategije Europe 2020 u tim područjima. Ovaj sedmogodišnji program usmjeren je prema svim dionicima koji mogu pomoći u kreiranju prikladnih i učinkovitih zakona i politika zapošljavanja i socijalne uključenosti u zemljama EU-27, EFTA-EEA i zemljama sa statusom kandidata te pretkandidata za članstvo u Europskoj uniji. Za više informacija posjetite: Ugovaratelj: Europska komisija Informacije sadržane u ovoj publikaciji ne odražavaju nužno gledište ili mišljenje Europske komisije. 15

16 Naziv projekta: Mogućnosti zelenog zapošljavanja Green Employment Opportunities (GEO) Nositelj projekta: Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje Područni ured Zagreb, Zvonimirova 15, Zagreb Partneri: BFI, Hungary L&R Social Research, Austrija WYG Savjetovanje d.o.o., Hrvatska Grad Zagreb Vrijednost projekta: , 00, od čega iznos EU financiranja iznosi ,00 Ciljevi projekta Cilj projekta je razvoj partnerstva kako bi se identificirala najbolja praksa u području prekogranične sektorske suradnje. Naglasak je pritom na zapošljavanju u zelenim poslovima s velikim potencijalom za prenosivost u RH. Rezultati: Provođenje samog projekta rezultiralo je nizom aktivnosti u kojima su sudjelovali zaposlenici Hrvatskog zavoda za zapošljavanje, kao i njihovi partneri. Aktivnosti su uključivale transnacionalni forum, edukacije trening trenera, edukacije iz studija izvedivosti, okrugli stol, radionice, te transnacionalnu konferenciju. Rezultat provedenih aktivnosti su objavljene 16

17 publikacije Zelena radna mjesta Modeli najbolje prakse zelenog gospodarstva u Austriji Mađarskoj te Analiza suradnje poslodavaca i javnih službi u Hrvatskoj, Toolkit i Komparativna studija. Problem nezaposlenosti u Hrvatskoj Hrvatska prolazi kroz proces restrukturiranja, čije su karakteristike promjene u potražnji radne snage unutar sektora, privatizacija, reforma javnog sektora i gospodarsko prilagođavanje. Sve od navedenog vjerojatno će utjecati na velik broj radnika. Osim toga, pogoršavaju se postojeći problemi na području tržišta rada, kao što su nizak i opadajući udio radne snage, visoka stopa nezaposlenosti, otpuštanje radne snage i veliki neformalni sektor, manjak kvalificiranog ljudskog kapitala i nepodudarnost vještina s potrebama tržišta rada. Stopa nezaposlenosti bila je visoka u godini te je iznosila 18%, a trend povećanja broja nezaposlenih nastavio se i u godini. Prema podacima za razdoblje od siječnja do kolovoza 2014., stopa registrirane nezaposlenosti u Hrvatskoj iznosila je 20,2% (izvor: Hrvatski zavod za statistiku, DZS). Postignut je samo ograničeni napredak u smanjenju strukturnih slabosti tržišta rada u Hrvatskoj, koje se još uvijek odražavaju u niskoj stopi zapošljavanja i niskom udjelu zaposlenih te u visokim stopama dugotrajne nezaposlenosti i nezaposlenosti mladih. Problemi dugotrajne nezaposlenosti i nezaposlenosti mladih poprilično su izraženi. Najizgledniji razlozi za dugotrajnu nezaposlenost su neadekvatna obrazovna podloga i vještine, koje ne odgovaraju potrebama tržišta rada, manjak radnog iskustva i manjak motivacije nakon dugotrajne odsutnosti s radnog mjesta, kao i niska profesionalna pokretljivost i nespremnost na sudjelovanje u programima obuke i prekvalifikacije. Poslodavci često smatraju da su dugotrajno nezaposlene osobe nezapošljive, budući da nemaju vještine koje od njih zahtjeva brzo promjenjivo tržište rada. Dugotrajna nezaposlenost prevladava među manje obrazovanim i starijim nezaposlenim osobama, dok je nezaposlenost mladih povezana s manjkom početnog radnog iskustva, kao što smo objasnili u prethodnom odjeljku. Daljnje smanjenje sveukupne stope nezaposlenosti i rješavanje tih pojedinih problema, prioriteti su za sljedeće razdoblje. 17

18 Što su zelena radna mjesta? Pojam zelena radna mjesta odnosi se na radna mjesta u poljoprivredi, proizvodnji, građenju, instalaciji i održavanju te u znanstvenim, tehnološkim, administrativnim i uslužnim djelatnostima koje pridonose očuvanju prirode. To uključuje radna mjesta koja se odnose na očuvanje i obnovu ekoloških sustava i biološke raznolikosti, smanjenje potrošnje energije, resursa i vode pomoću visoke učinkovitosti i niskougljičnog gospodarstva te obnovljivi izvori energije i smanjenje emisija stakleničkih plinova. Zeleno gospodarstvo stvorit će i već stvara nova zanimanja. Neka stara bit će zamijenjena, neka će iščeznuti, a neka će se temeljito promijeniti. Neka zelena zanimanja lakše je okarakterizirati kao ekološka - primjerice radnici koji instaliraju solarne panele ili vjetroturbine, a neka druga mnogo je teže identificirati, primjerice ona koja se odnose na mnogobrojne dobavljače koji proizvode neke specifične dijelove koji se koriste u proizvodnji panela ili turbina. Na zelenim radnim mjestima nisu zaposleni samo high-tech stručnjaci (premda će Europi trebati i znanstvenici, istraživači i inženjeri). Industrija obnovljivih izvora energije ubrzano raste i s blizu 2,5 milijuna zaposlenih predstavlja veliki potencijal. Gotovo polovina radnih mjesta vezanih za obnovljive izvore energije odnosi se na proizvodnju biogoriva. Energetska učinkovitost i očuvanje okoliša pokazuju pozitivan učinak na zaposlenost i ekonomski rast te omogućuju i novo zapošljavanje i posao već zaposlenima koji su pohađali treninge, certifikacije te stekli nove vještine i znanja. Zeleni poslovi u Hrvatskoj problematika i mogućnosti razvoja Ulaskom u punopravno članstvo Europske unije 1. srpnja godine Republika Hrvatska je zajedno s drugim državama članicama, a temeljem Direktive 2009/28/EZ o poticanju uporabe energije iz obnovljivih izvora, preuzela obvezu povećanja uporabe energije iz obnovljivih izvora pri čemu bi u godini udio energije iz obnovljivih izvora u bruto neposrednoj potrošnji trebao iznositi najmanje 20 posto, promatrano na razini Europske unije. 18

19 Prema analizi UNDP-a trenutno je oko zaposlenih u energetskom sektoru, no nema dostupnih podataka koliko ih je od njih zeleno, odnosno obnovljivo. Udio zelenih poslova procijenjen je na do 10% (2.700) na temelju udjela zelene energije u proizvodnji (10%) i neposrednoj potrošnji (7%). Izravno zapošljavanje u zelenoj energetici podrazumijeva proizvodnju opreme i održavanje. Uzimajući to dvoje zajedno, broj izravnih zelenih poslova u zelenoj energetici procjenjuje se na oko 4.400, a neizravnih i induciranih poslova. U sklopu ovog projekta, partner na projektu L&R Social Research izradio je izvješće Zelena radna mjesta Modeli najbolje prakse zelenog gospodarstva u Austriji i Mađarskoj. Kao pozitivni primjeri razvoja zelenih poslova u Austriji navode se primjeri klaster-krajolika iz Gornje Austrije i Štajerske, koji su se odvijali na temelju masterplana Zelena radna mjesta. Navode se primjeri ostalih projekata koji većinom uključuju gradnju pasivnih kuća, elektrana na obnovljive izvore energije, razvoj tehnologije i modernizaciju, a sve u skladu sa načelima održivog razvoja. Radna mjesta su bila otvarana i u javnom i privatnom sektoru, dok je fokus nekih projekata bio upravo na zapošljavanju mladih, odnosno pripravnika. Naglašava se važnost kvalificiranju radne snage na području zelenih radnih mjesta, kao i potreba institucionalne i međusektorske suradnje. Mađarski projekti su usmjereni na razvoj svijesti o klimatskim promjenama te razvoj gospodarskog sustava koji će imati najmanji utjecaj na klimatske promjene. To uključuje smanjenje potrošnje energije općenito, ali i povećanje udjela tzv. zelene energije, koja implementira otvaranje novih radnih mjesta u tzv. zelenim poslovima. Naglašava se važnost obrazovanja u takvim poslovima, a i potreba za suradnjom sa nacionalnim, ali i međunarodnim stručnjacima. Publikacija daje pregled niza uspješno provedenih projekata u ove dvije države koji mogu poslužiti kao primjer za provedbu projekata u Hrvatskoj. Suradnja između poslodavaca i javnih službi je jedan od ključnih elemenata uspješnosti cjelokupnog procesa zapošljavanja. Kako bi došlo do poboljšanja suradnje bilo je potrebno analizirati trenutno stanje i ocijeniti dosadašnju suradnju. Tu analizu je provelo WYG Savjetovanje iz Zagreba, a objavljeno je u vidu publikacije Analiza suradnje poslodavaca i javnih službi u Hrvatskoj. Suradnja poslodavaca i javnih službi odvija se na tri razine: usluge koje poslodavci dobivaju od strane HZZ-a, usluge koje poslodavci dobivaju od ostalih javnih institucija te lokalne suradnje na projektima razvoja ljudskih potencijala. Studija ukazuje na mali postotak poslodavaca koji koriste usluge HZZ (ali i ostalih javnih službi), pri čemu najviše se koriste mjere objave oglasa za radna mjesta te mjere aktivne politike zapošljavanja. Naglašena je potreba za osnivanjem poduzetničkih zona i inkubatora, kao i poslovnih parkova i razvojnih agencija, pri čemu je naglasak na razvoju malog i srednjeg poduzetništva. Kao najveći problemi istaknuta je nedovoljna uključenost poslodavaca u rad partnerstava, 19

20 premalo kapaciteta za izradu i provedbu projekata te nedovoljno jasna uloga lokalnih partnerstava. Posebnu pažnju potrebno je usmjeriti na informiranje poslodavaca o uslugama koje pružaju javne službe, pri čemu je naglasak na korištenju digitalne tehnologije. Kako bi se pratio napredak potrebno je provoditi ankete koje se odnose na dugoročno razdoblje i na ispitivanje tržišta rada, pri čemu kao primjer mogu poslužiti ankete koje se provode u Austriji. Izvješća i sve aktivnosti vezane uz njih, imale su za cilj povezivanje nezaposlenih sa lokalnim sudionicima koji su uključeni u provođenje projekata zapošljavanja. Očekivano je da će prethodni projekti služiti kao bazen ideja iz kojih će nastati novi projekti i aktivnosti u polju zapošljavanja u zelenim poslovima, naravno uz potrebnu prilagodbu hrvatskom tržištu rada. Hrvatski zavod za zapošljavanje, Područni ured Zagreb je u sklopu ovog projekta izradio Komparativnu studiju koja razrađuje mogućnosti razvoja zelenih poslova u Republici Hrvatskoj te ukazuje na potrebu za izradom sveobuhvatnog međusektorskog strateškog dokumenta koji će na sistematizirani način omogućiti sustavni razvoj zelenog zapošljavanja. Studija je temeljena na iskustvima partnera iz Mađarske i Austrije. U sklopu toga napravljena je detaljna analiza tržišta radne snage i mogućnosti implikacije tog modela zapošljavanja za Hrvatsku. Slijedeći sektori su predviđeni kao najpogodniji za zelene poslove: sunčevi toplinski sustavi, primjena mjera energetske učinkovitosti u građevini, primjena biomase, gradnja vjetroelektrana. Osim pisanih publikacija i radionica, HZZ, PU Zagreb je proveo niz aktivnosti koje su za cilj imale podizanje svijesti o mogućnostima zapošljavanja u zelenoj ekonomiji, za koju se predviđa da će biti najbrže rastući sektor u budućnosti Transnacionalni forum Transnacionalni GEO forum održan je od godine u gradu Szombahtley u Mađarskoj. Sudionici foruma bili su predstavnici iz Hrvatske, Austrije i Mađarske. Tema foruma bila je razmjena iskustva u zapošljavanju osoba u zelenim poslovima, kao i provođenju projekata iz sektora zelene ekonomije. Izneseni su rezultati i iskustva dosadašnje provedbe projekta. Provedena je i diskusija o postojećim regulativama, procesima provedbe projekata, iskustvima iz prethodnih objekata, kao i izmjenama iskustava kod provođenja projekata. Iznesene su i nove ideje koje se tiču 20

21 provođenja sadašnjih, ali i budućih projekata te poboljšanju prekogranične suradnje. Osim toga, dogovorena je daljnja suradnja na projektu, kao i buduće uloge u sklopu projekta. Edukacije Edukacija Trening trenera u implementaciji Toolkita provedena je od godine. Sudionici radionice stekli su znanja i vještine o poslovnom okruženju i poslovnom upravljanju, vještinama vođenja projekata, kao i upravljanju ljudskim potencijalima. Radionica je bila predviđena za zaposlenike Zavoda za zapošljavanje. Osim usvajanja vještina koje su potrebne za što bolje poslovanje i provođenje projekata iz sektora zelene ekonomije. Polaznici su također bili upoznati sa servisima i alatima za olakšanu komunikaciju sa sektorom potražnje na tržištu rada. Posebna pažnja je posvećena i području marketinga i prezentacijskih vještina, što je bila tema drugog dijela radionice. 21

22 Provedena je i evaluacija radionice koja je pokazala da je radionica u potpunosti ispunila očekivanja polaznika; osigurana je interaktivna i ugodna radna atmosferu; treneri su procijenjeni kao osobe s profesionalnim kompetencijama koje su jasno i razumljivo prenijeli svoja znanja i odgovarali na sva pitanja polaznika te su se potrudili učiniti trening interesantnim, dok su osigurani materijali ocijenjeni korisnima za daljnji rad. Treneri su procijenili da je ključno nastaviti razvijati komunikacijske vještine i sposobnost procjene potreba poslodavaca (Needs Analysis). Ispitivanje zadovoljstva poslodavaca s pruženom uslugom treba biti kontinuiran proces u kojem će savjetnici sudjelovati i ujedno se osposobiti za predlaganje poboljšanja na temelju povratnih informacija. Iskustvo u vođenju projekata bi također moglo doprinijeti sposobnosti savjetnika u uvođenju pojma 'zelenog zapošljavanja' i 'zelenih radnih mjesta' na tržište rada. Znanja i vještine potrebne za segmentiranje tržišta, razvoj strategije ljudskih potencijala uz jačanje savjetodavnih i prezentacijskih vještina su prije treninga procijenjene kao ključne kompetencije za ostvarivanje uspješne suradnje s poslodavcima, kao i marketing i prezentacijske vještine. HZZ bi posebnu pažnju trebao posvetiti ciljanom razvoju kompetencija svojih zaposlenika. Tijekom treninga predlagane su mjere koje bi mogle poboljšati međusobnu suradnju HZZ-a i poslodavaca u vidu zelenih poslova. Većina njih se odnosi na upoznavanje poslodavaca i nezaposlenih za konceptom zelenih poslova, te povećanje suradnje sa ostalim institucijama. Također, potrebno je osigurati sustav povratnih informacija kako bi se uspostavio transparentniji odnos poslodavaca i HZZ-a, te osigurati veći utjecaj HZZ-a na razvoj strategija koje se odnose na razvoj ljudskih potencijala. Kao najveća prepreka jačanju daljnje suradnje navedeni su nedostatak vremena i resursa. 22

23 Druga edukacija, u koju su također bili uključeni djelatnici HZZ-a, je održana u listopadu i studenom. Edukacija se odnosila na Studije izvedivosti, te se sastojala iz nekoliko modula: planiranje i identifikacija osnovnih parametara projekta i investicija, strateška analiza i strateško planiranje, formiranje financijske konstrukcije projekta i statističke evaluacije projekata, metode cost-benefit analize te metode evaluacije rezultata projekta. Obzirom da se u sklopu Mjera aktivne politike zapošljavanja, konkretnije mjere Samozapošljavanje u 2013.godini, gotovo 5000 ljudi odlučilo pokrenuti vlastiti poslovni subjekt, HZZ-a je postao svojevrsni generator start-up- ova. Savjetnici HZZ-a, obrazovani za izradu i evaluaciju studija izvedivosti, u sklopu ove edukacije, će po završetku ovog projekta biti u mogućnosti pružiti adekvatnu podršku nezaposlenim osobama koje se odluče na otvaranje vlastitog poslovnog subjekta. 23

24 Okrugli stol. Okrugli stol je održan godine, na kojem je sudjelovao niz stručnjaka koji su pokušali dati odgovor na pitanje mogućnosti razvoja Zelene ekonomije, kao i potporu obrazovnog sustava tom sektoru ekonomije. Sudjelovali su predstavnici Ekonomskog fakulteta u Zagrebu, Fakulteta elektrotehnike i računarstva te veleučilišta Algebra, predstavnici WIFI instituta i WYG Savjetovanja, Zajednice Tehničke kulture Zagrebačke županije te Gradonačelnik Sv. Ivana Zeline. Zelena ekonomija je istaknuta kao sektor djelatnosti koji će pružiti nove mogućnosti zapošljavanja, iako je potrebno donijeti točnu definiciju tog pojma, kao i utvrditi trenutno stanje tog sektora u Hrvatskoj. Potrebno je omogućiti učenje novih tehnologija u realnom sektoru sa ciljem napredovanja mladih, ali i starijih osoba koje traže posao ili teže daljnjem usavršavanju. Osim prekvalifikacija i dokvalifikacija potrebno je razvijanje svijesti o okolišu i zelenoj ekonomiji provoditi od najranije dobi, sa ciljem cjeloživotnog učenja. Korištenje obnovljivih izvora energije uključuje korištenje novih tehnologija. Posao u domenama zelene ekonomije uključuje razvoj i istraživanje tehnologija, što uključuje rad stručnjaka različtih stupnjeva obrazovanja. Gradonačelnik grada Sv. Ivan Zelina, Hrvoje Koščec, koji je i sam vlasnik pasivne kuće, naglasio je važnost postupnog upoznavanja javnosti sa pojmom pasivnih kuća te da to nužno ne uključuje ugradnju skupe sofisticirane tehnologije. Zelena ekonomija ne podrazumijeva nužno uvođenje novih poslova i zanimanja, već potiče izvršavanje postojećih poslova na novi, ekološki prihvatljiviji način. U Hrvatskoj još uvijek postoji strah malih poduzetnika od znanosti, što je potrebno riješiti razvijem servisa koji će privući veći broj korisnika, ali i obrazovanjem kadrova. Potrebno je odlazak visokoobrazovanih stručnih kadrova svesti na najmanju moguću mjeru. Zelena ekonomija je interdisciplinarno područje te ga treba shvaćati kao skup horizontalno povezanih djelatnosti. Zelena ekonomija je prilika za strukturne promjene u zapošljavanju, što podrazumijeva uključivanje institucija, ali pojedinaca. Potrebno je utvrditi koja zanimanja iz sektora zelene ekonomije imaju realne šanse za uspjeh, te prema njima organizirati i provoditi obrazovne programe. 24

25 Transnacionalna konferencija Transnacionalna konferencija, održana 6. i 7. Studenog godine u Hotelu Dubrovnik u Zagrebu, je okupila niz inozemnih i domaćih stručnjaka. Kroz predavanja izneseni su rezultati dosadašnjeg provođenja projekata, kao i iskustva iz drugih, prethodno provedenih projekata, a koji se mogu implementirati u Hrvatskoj. Prvo su predstavljeni rezultati dosadašnjeg provođenja projekta, a koji su izdani u obliku brošura. Model suradnje između poslodavaca i javnih službi, izrađen od strane projektnog partnera WYG savjetovanje d.o.o., analizira odnose između tih dvaju subjekata. Izrađena je kategorizacija poslodavaca zelenih poslova, kao i usluga koje nude. Jürgen Grandits, predstavnik BFI-a Hungary, partnera iz Mađarske prezentirao je modele najbolje prakse zelenog gospodarstva i zelenog zapošljavanja. Kao ključ uspjeha modela zelenih poslova i zelenih radnih mjesta istaknuta je uloga politike, koja mora zadati cilj, mjere i strategiju razvoja. Po uzoru na Europa 2020, koji predviđa otvaranje do 3 milijuna novih zelenih radnih mjesta, austrijsko Ministarstvo života donijelo je Masterplan koji za cilj ima otvaranje novih radnih mjesta, pri čemu je fokus na poljoprivredi i šumarstvu, obnovljivim izvorima energije i turizmu. Dr.sc. Julije Domac, Ravnatelj Regionalne energetske agencije Sjeverozapadne Hrvatske i FEDERANE (European Federation of Agencies and Regions for Energy and the Environment) u svom izlaganju je istaknuo energetsku učinkovitost kao ključni element održive budućnosti, te naglasio važnost lokalne i regionalne razine za potrebnu tranziciju. U skladu s prethodnim izlaganjem, Gradonačelnik grada Sv.Ivan Zelina, Hrvoje Košćec je predstavio primjer uključivanja fizičkih osoba i lokalne zajednice u projekte obnovljivih izvora energije. Potrebno je upoznati javnosti sa konceptom pasivne kuće, kao i ostalim oblicima obnovljivih izvora energije, pri čemu je potrebno dati do znanja da se ne radi o visokoj tehnologiji te da je ona dostupna svima. Kako bi se iskoristile zelene prilike u gospodarstvu potrebno je uskladiti obrazovni sustav sa tržištem rada. Ivan Vlainić, 25

26 Predsjednik Zajednice tehničke kulture Zagrebačke županije je u svom izlaganju istaknuo potrebu za educiranom radnom snagom te boljom suradnjom između obrazovnih institucija i poslodavaca. Dr. sc. Predrag Bejaković, sa Instituta za javne financije zaključio je prvi dan konferencije sa izlaganje u kojem je naglašena važnost optimalne koordinacije i suradnje svih dionika u procesu razvoja zelenog gospodarstva. Republika Hrvatska, kako je već naglašeno na prethodnim radionicama, ima sve preduvjete za prelazak na zeleno gospodarstvo, kao i snažan razvoj gospodarstva, za što postoji i čitav niz strategija. Drugi dan konferencije, kao primjer koji bi bio najbolje primjenjiv u Hrvatskoj, Birgit Birnstingl, predstavnica Sekem AT-a, je navela eko klastere. Zbog male površine poljoprivrednog zemljišta bilo je potrebno ujedinjenje poljoprivrednika sa specifičnim proizvodima, pri čemu se suradnja odvijala i sa ostalim sektorima djelatnosti, poput turizma. Kako bi regija bila u ravnoteži potrebna je ravnoteža obrazovanja, ekonomije i kulture. Prof. dr.sc. Ljubomir Majdandžić je kao potencijal za korištenje solarne energije naveo korištenje geografskog položaja Hrvatske, kao i potencijalne opasnosti korištenja fosilnih goriva po okoliš, ali i gospodarstvo. Problem predstavlja postojanje zakonskih regulativa koje otežavaju iskorištavanje solarne energije, kao i prilagodba ljudi na nove tehnologije. Završno izlaganje konferencije održao je Goran Jeras, koji je kao inovativni model socijalne i solidarne ekonomije naveo etične banke. Riječ je o jednom od instrumenata nove ekonomije koji je lokalno i demokratski usmjeren, dok su vlasnici banke njezini korisnici. Društvenosocijalno poduzetništvo se navodi kao temelj izlaska iz krize u Europskoj uniji, kao i lokalna usmjerenost: mini tvornice te upotreba lokalnih sirovina. Poljoprivreda, u kombinaciji sa energetikom baziranom na biomasi, vjetroelektranama i solarnoj energiji može zadovoljiti 100% potreba za zaposlenošću u zelenim poslovima. 26

27 Naglasak ovog projekta je bio na pokretanju i uspostavi novih radnih mjesta u polju zelene ekonomije. Ta je grana ekonomije dosad bila slabo poznata, a time i slabo zastupljena na cjelokupnom tržištu rada. Stručnjaci iz relevantnih područja radionicama, sastancima i konferencijom su jasno naglasili potencijal iskorištavanja obnovljivih izvora energije u Hrvatskoj, kao i otvaranje novih radnih mjesta u zelenoj ekonomiji. Partneri iz Austrije i Mađarske su prezentirali primjere uspješnih projekata iz područja energetike, poljoprivrede i turizma, pri čemu je naglasak na međusektorskoj suradnji. Sektor zelene ekonomije i zelenih radnih mjesta je prepoznat kao ključ daljnjeg razvoja Hrvatske, sa potencijalom zapošljavanja većeg broja ljudi. Kako bi se to ostvarilo bilo je potrebno uspostaviti bolju suradnju između obrazovnih institucija i poslodavaca, što je projekt i ostvario iznošenjem potreba tržišta rada za specifičnom radnom snagom. Održanim radionicama i treninzima educiran je veliki broj djelatnika Hrvatskog zavoda za zapošljavanje koje će svoje znanje dalje prenositi ostalim djelatnicima Zavoda. Time će veći broj ljudi biti osviješten o pojmu zelenih poslova, kao i mogućnostima zapošljavanja u tom sektoru djelatnosti. Projekt je upoznao javnost i sve relevantne dionike sa širim spektrom mogućnosti zapošljavanja u ovom sektoru, ali i sa popularizacijom obnovljivih izvora energije, koji su dostupni i fizičkim osobama, a ne samo pravnim subjektima, budući da takvi sustavi ne zahtijevaju skupu tehnologiju. Projekt će i nakon službenog završetka nastaviti davati pozitivne rezultate, upravo zbog daljnje diseminacije i multipliciranja pozitivnih učinaka. 27

28 DE. Dieses Projekt wird aus dem Programm für Beschäftigung und soziale Solidarität der Europäischen Union finanziert - PROGRESS ( ). Auftraggeber: Die Europäische Kommission GRÜNE BESCHÄFTIGUNGSMÖGLICHKEITEN Projektdauer: 12. Dezember Dezember 2014 Dieses Projekt wird aus dem Programm für Beschäftigung und soziale Solidarität der Europäischen Union finanziert - PROGRESS ( ). Dieses Programm wird von der Europäischen Kommission durchgeführt. Es wurde zu dem Zweck geschaffen, einen finanziellen Beitrag zur Verwirklichung der Ziele der Europäischen Union in den Bereichen Beschäftigung, Soziales und Chancengleichheit zu geben, und trägt somit zur Verwirklichung der Ziele der Europäischen Strategie Europa 2020 in diesen Bereichen bei. Dieses Siebenjahresprogramm ist an alle maßgeblichen Akteure die in der Schaffung geeigneter und effektiver Gesetze und Politiken der Beschäftigung und der sozialen Eingliederung in der EU 27, dem EFTA EWR und den EU Beitrittskandidaten und potenziellen Beitrittskandidaten helfen können. Für nähere Informationen besuchen Sie bitte folgende Webseite: Auftraggeber: Die Europäische Kommission Die in dieser Veröffentlichung enthaltenen Informationen geben nicht notwendigerweise den Standpunkt oder die Meinung der Europäischen Kommission wieder 28

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